In psychology, personality traits are categorized using various frameworks that attempt to describe and measure individual differences in human behavior, thoughts, and emotions. One of the most commonly used scientific frameworks for understanding and assessing personality traits is the Five-Factor Model, also known as the Big Five.

    The Five-Factor Model (Big Five): This model posits that there are five broad dimensions of personality traits, which can be remembered using the acronym OCEAN or CANOE. They are:

    1. Openness to Experience: This trait refers to the degree to which an individual is imaginative, curious, and open to new ideas and experiences. People high in openness tend to be creative and appreciate art, while those low in openness may be more conventional and resistant to change.

    2. Conscientiousness: This dimension refers to the degree to which a person is organized, responsible, and hardworking. Highly conscientious people tend to be goal-oriented and reliable, while less conscientious individuals may be more spontaneous and less focused on rules or deadlines.

    3. Extraversion: This trait captures the extent to which an individual is outgoing, assertive, and sociable. Extraverts are energized by social situations and enjoy interacting with others, whereas introverts typically prefer solitude and may find social situations draining.

    4. Agreeableness: This dimension represents the degree to which a person is compassionate, cooperative, and warm towards others. Highly agreeable people are generally well-liked and empathetic, while those low in agreeableness may be more competitive, critical, or uncooperative.

    5. Neuroticism: This trait refers to an individual's emotional stability and the propensity to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, anger, or depression. People high in neuroticism may be more emotionally volatile and prone to mood swings, while those low in neuroticism tend to be more emotionally stable and resilient.

Other personality frameworks include Eysenck's Three-Factor Model (which focuses on extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism) and the 16 Personality Factors (16PF) model by Raymond Cattell, which identifies 16 primary personality traits. However, the Five-Factor Model remains the most widely accepted and utilized framework for understanding and assessing personality traits in psychology today.
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