Some of the subjects that are only taught in Japan and not in America are:

- **国語 (kokugo)**: This is the Japanese word for Japanese language as a school subject. It covers grammar, vocabulary, literature, and composition.
- **道徳 (dōtoku)**: This is the Japanese word for moral education, which aims to foster good character and values among students.
- **総合学習 (sōgō gakushū)**: This is the Japanese word for integrated studies, which is a relatively new subject that encourages students to explore various topics of their interest through research, presentation, and field trips.

Some of the subjects that are taught in both Japan and America but have different names or contents are:

- **社会 (shakai)**: This is the Japanese word for social studies, which includes geography, history, civics, and economics. In America, social studies may also include psychology, sociology, anthropology, and other disciplines.
- **理科 (rika)**: This is the Japanese word for science in elementary school, which covers general topics such as nature, animals, plants, and experiments. In America, science may be divided into specific subjects such as life science, physical science, and earth science at the elementary level.
- **家庭科 (kateika)**: This is the Japanese word for home economics, which teaches students basic skills such as cooking, sewing, cleaning, and budgeting. In America, home economics may be called family and consumer sciences or human ecology and may include topics such as nutrition, health, child development, and personal finance.

A juku or cram school is a private tutoring school that offers supplementary classes to help students with their regular schoolwork or prepare them for entrance exams. Juku typically operate after regular school hours, on weekends, and during school vacations. Many students attend juku to improve their academic performance, gain an edge over their peers, or meet their parents' expectations. Juku can be divided into two types: academic and nonacademic. Academic juku focus on subjects such as math, science, English, and Japanese. Nonacademic juku offer instruction in arts, sports, music, or other hobbies. Juku are very popular in Japan and there are more than 50,000 of them in the country.
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