The `sudo -i` command is used in the terminal on Unix-based systems (such as Linux and macOS) to switch the current user to the root user. The `sudo` command allows a user to run a command with elevated privileges, and the `-i` option specifies that the shell environment should be changed to that of the root user.

When you run `sudo -i`, you will be prompted to enter your password. After entering your password, the terminal prompt will change to indicate that you are now running as the root user. This means that any commands you run while in this mode will have full administrative privileges and can potentially make significant changes to the system. As such, it is important to use this mode with caution and only run commands that you are confident will not cause harm to the system or its data.

It is generally recommended to use the `sudo` command sparingly and only when necessary, as running commands as the root user can pose a security risk if not done carefully.
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