Sure! The Modularity Theorem, which was proved by mathematicians Andrew Wiles and Richard Taylor, showed that every elliptic curve over the rational numbers is "modular" in a certain technical sense. This meant that elliptic curves could be described using modular forms, which are complex functions that can be thought of as symmetrical shapes.

This result was significant because it allowed Wiles to show that if Fermat's Last Theorem were false, then it would imply the existence of a specific type of elliptic curve that is not modular. However, the Modularity Theorem states that all elliptic curves are modular, so if Fermat's Last Theorem were false, it would contradict the Modularity Theorem.

By showing that Fermat's Last Theorem could not be false without violating the Modularity Theorem, Wiles was able to narrow down the possible ways to prove Fermat's Last Theorem to just a few specific approaches. He then spent several years developing a proof based on these approaches, which ultimately led to the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem.

In other words, the Modularity Theorem provided a crucial piece of the puzzle in the proof of Fermat's Last Theorem, by showing that elliptic curves are modular and helping Wiles to eliminate certain approaches to the problem.
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