Let's compare Icelandic with Swedish, one of the other Nordic languages, and explore the differences using the points mentioned:

Conservative Vocabulary:

Icelandic: "Hestur" (horse), "hús" (house)
Swedish: "Häst" (horse), "hus" (house)
Explanation: Icelandic has retained the original Old Norse words, while Swedish has evolved with different vocabulary over time.

Pronunciation:

Icelandic: "Þetta er þungt" (This is heavy)
Swedish: "Detta är tungt"
Explanation: Icelandic includes the "þ" sound (pronounced as "th"), which is not present in Swedish. The tonal accent system in Icelandic also adds complexity to pronunciation.

Lack of Foreign Influence:

Icelandic: "Sími" (telephone)
Swedish: "Telefon"
Explanation: Icelandic creates new Icelandic words like "sími" based on existing roots, while Swedish adopts loanwords from other languages, such as "telefon."

Case System:

Icelandic: "Bókin er á borðinu." (The book is on the table.)
Swedish: "Boken är på bordet."
Explanation: Icelandic utilizes the case system, and in this example, the endings of "borðinu" indicate the relationship between the book and the table. Swedish relies more on prepositions, as seen in "på bordet."

Word Order Flexibility:

Icelandic: "Ég sá hestinn í skóginum." (I saw the horse in the forest.)
Swedish: "Jag såg hästen i skogen."
Explanation: Icelandic allows more flexibility in word order due to the case system, so "hestinn" (the horse) can be placed before the verb. In Swedish, the word order is more fixed.

Verb Conjugation:

Icelandic: "Ég talaði í símann." (I spoke on the phone.)
Swedish: "Jag talade i telefonen."
Explanation: Icelandic verbs are conjugated based on tense, mood, voice, and person. In this example, "talaði" (spoke) agrees with the first-person singular pronoun "ég." Swedish verb conjugation is generally simpler.

Linguistic Purism:

Icelandic: "Tölvupóstur" (email)
Swedish: "E-post"
Explanation: Icelandic prefers creating Icelandic alternatives, like "tölvupóstur," whereas Swedish adopts the English loanword "e-post" for email.

These examples demonstrate the distinctions between Icelandic and Swedish in terms of vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar, and the approach to loanwords and language purity.
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