Scientific research has shown that sparkling water does not have any significant negative effects on human health when consumed in moderation. A study published in the Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism found that, compared to still water, sparkling water did not impact bone density or increase the risk of kidney stones in women.

Furthermore, a study in the journal Obesity Surgery found that consuming sparkling water with a meal led to greater feelings of fullness and reduced calorie intake compared to those who drank still water.

However, excessive intake of carbonated beverages, including sparkling water, may lead to gastrointestinal discomfort such as bloating and gas. A study in the journal Nutrients found that frequent consumption of sparkling water was associated with increased belching and flatulence.

Therefore, it is recommended to consume sparkling water in moderation and balance it with other healthy beverages.
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