Quantum computers are machines that use the properties of quantum physics to store data and perform computations. They exploit collective properties of quantum states, such as superposition and entanglement, to perform computation. This can be extremely advantageous for certain tasks where they could vastly outperform classical computers.

Quantum computing is a rapidly-emerging technology that harnesses the laws of quantum mechanics to solve problems too complex for classical computers. National governments have invested heavily in experimental research that aims to develop scalable qubits with longer coherence times and lower error rates.

The basic unit of information in quantum computing is the qubit, similar to the bit in traditional digital electronics. Unlike a classical bit, a qubit can exist in a superposition of its two “basis” states, which loosely means that it is in both states simultaneously. When measuring a qubit, the result is a probabilistic output of a classical bit. If a quantum computer manipulates the qubit in a particular way, wave interference effects can amplify the desired measurement results.

It would be important to note that, although quantum computing has the potential to solve complex problems in a fraction of the time it would take a classical computer, it is still a developing technology and there are many technical and theoretical challenges to be solved before it can be used in practical applications. In addition, some algorithms that work well on classical computers may not be suitable for quantum computing.
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