There are several methods for extracting essential oils from plant materials, including:

1. Steam distillation: This is the most commonly used method of essential oil extraction. In this method, steam is passed through the plant material, which helps to release the essential oils.

2. Expression: This method is used for extracting essential oils from citrus fruits. In this method, the essential oil is squeezed out of the fruit peel.

3. Solvent extraction: This method is used for plant materials that are delicate or for those that cannot be steam distilled. In this method, a solvent such as hexane is used to extract the essential oil.

4. Carbon dioxide extraction: This method is used for extracting essential oils from delicate or heat-sensitive plant materials. In this method, carbon dioxide is used to extract the essential oils.

5. Cold-pressed extraction: This method is used for extracting essential oils from plant materials that are sensitive to heat. In this method, pressure is used to extract the essential oil from the plant material.

Each method has its advantages and disadvantages and is chosen based on the specific plant material being used for extraction.
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