The best bet is salvaging a generator and a battery. If you want to build one from scratch you would need magnets and wires, the basic principle being moving coils of wires through the magnetic field. Batteries would require chemistry such as lead and zinc submerged into an acid.

The difficulties associated with electrical energy make it not the best choice is survival setting, with the alternatives being thermal energy and wind/hydro power as in wind and watermills.
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