A nucleation site is a specific location or surface where a new phase, such as a crystal or a liquid droplet, can form. Nucleation is the process by which a new phase is formed from a metastable state, such as a liquid or a gas. Nucleation sites can be found on surfaces or in small pockets of impurities within a bulk material. The nucleation process requires a small amount of energy, called the nucleation barrier, to be overcome. Once the barrier is passed, the new phase can grow and stabilize. Nucleation sites are essential in many fields, including materials science, chemistry, and biochemistry. In materials science, nucleation sites play a crucial role in the formation of crystals and the properties of materials. In biochemistry, nucleation sites play a role in forming protein crystals and forming liquid droplets in cells.
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