Monkey-patching, which is the ability to modify the behavior of a class or function at runtime, is not directly supported in C++. However, you can achieve similar capabilities using techniques like function pointers, inheritance, and templates.

One way to achieve monkey-patching-like behavior in C++ is to use function pointers. You can define a function pointer type that matches the signature of the function you want to patch, and then assign a new function to that pointer at runtime. For example:

```
#include <iostream>

void foo() {
    std::cout << "Original foo\n";
}

void new_foo() {
    std::cout << "New foo\n";
}

int main() {
    void (*foo_ptr)() = foo;
    foo_ptr(); // prints "Original foo"
    foo_ptr = new_foo;
    foo_ptr(); // prints "New foo"
}
```

Another way to achieve similar behavior is to use inheritance. You can define a base class with a virtual function that provides the default behavior, and then create derived classes that override that function to provide new behavior. At runtime, you can create an instance of the derived class and use it instead of the original object. For example:

```
#include <iostream>

class Foo {
public:
    virtual void do_something() {
        std::cout << "Original Foo\n";
    }
};

class NewFoo : public Foo {
public:
    void do_something() override {
        std::cout << "New Foo\n";
    }
};

int main() {
    Foo foo;
    foo.do_something(); // prints "Original Foo"
    NewFoo new_foo;
    Foo& foo_ref = new_foo;
    foo_ref.do_something(); // prints "New Foo"
}
```

Templates can also be used in some cases to achieve similar behavior. You can define a function or class template that takes a function or class as a template parameter, and then specialize that template to provide new behavior. At runtime, you can instantiate the specialized template and use it instead of the original function or class. For example:

```
#include <iostream>

template <typename T>
void foo() {
    T t;
    t.do_something();
}

class Foo {
public:
    void do_something() {
        std::cout << "Original Foo\n";
    }
};

class NewFoo {
public:
    void do_something() {
        std::cout << "New Foo\n";
    }
};

template <>
void foo<NewFoo>() {
    NewFoo new_foo;
    new_foo.do_something();
}

int main() {
    foo<Foo>(); // prints "Original Foo"
    foo<NewFoo>(); // prints "New Foo"
}
```

These are just a few examples of how you can achieve monkey-patching-like behavior in C++. The specific approach you choose will depend on the specific requirements of your application.
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