A capacitor temporarily stores electrical energy through distributing charged particles on (generally two) plates to create a potential difference.

Inside a capacitor, the terminals connect to two metal plates separated by a non-conducting substance, or dielectric. In theory, the dielectric can be any non-conductive substance. However, for practical applications, specific materials are used that best suit the capacitor's function. The dielectric dictates what kind of capacitor it is and for what it is best suited. Depending on the size and type of dielectric, some capacitors are better for high-frequency uses, while some are better for high-voltage applications.

So, a capacitor functions almost like a battery. While there are significant differences, their nature and function are the same: storing electrical energy.
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