To understand the relationship between these two languages, it's important to understand the context of the development of JavaScript, both from a technological and business point of view.

At one point in time, all websites were statically served HTLM documents. While code on the server might decide exactly what to serve, once the HTML had been generated and sent to the client, no more computation was possible. A browser company, Netscape, wanted to change that to try to stay ahead of the other competitive web browsers. 

At the time, they considered several options, including baking Java into their browser and letting websites include bytecode, which would then run locally. Another option was to build a Scheme interpreter into the browser itself, so that websites could just include this lightweight programming language alongside the HTML code. A programmer was hired to prototype this.

Eventually, management decided on a compromise path. They wanted a language with the syntax and features of Java, but the lightweight, interpreted, dynamically typed nature of Scheme. They had this programmer pivot his work to developing this language instead, and it's said he got the first version completely done in two weeks. 

This language was originally called "LiveScript", and its name was only changed to "JavaScript" for its general, post-beta release. Stories are told, even by those who were there, that the reason for the change was to ride on some of the clout that was associated with Java, which was at the time the "cool new" programming language. The development of JavaScript was done at a time when Java was cool and interesting, and this can be seen in their original consideration of Java for their purposes, and their eventual decision to use a more Java-like syntax rather than the LISP-like syntax of Scheme. 

That said, JavaScript as a language has always been very different from Java. The two have different goals and niches. JavaScript is served as text on the web and interpreted locally, while Java is compiled to bytecode and run in a JVM environment. JavaScript is a dynamically typed language, while Java is statically typed. Java essentially requires the use of object oriented code, and offers high-level OO abstractions such as multiple inheritance. JavaScript allows for writing OO code, but does not require it, and its OO abstractions are more basic. And over the years, both languages have continued to change, with Java becoming largely a language used for writing Enterprise Server-Side Applications, while JavaScript can now be run outside of browsers, and a whole number of tools for writing full-stack applications have popped up, largely focused on startups who need to iterate across their whole codebase quickly.
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