TypeScript, or simply "TS", is an open-source programming language developed by Microsoft. It was first released in 2012 and has since become a popular choice for web developers due to its focus on type safety, static typing, object-oriented features such as classes, methods, interfaces, etc., improved code readability & maintainability, tooling support (e.g. Visual Studio Code), compiler performance improvements, and better error handling compared to other languages like JavaScript.

JavaScript (JS) is another very common language used for developing applications on the web, but it is typically used alongside HTML and CSS for frontend development. While both TypeScript and JavaScript are interpreted at runtime, the major differences lie in their syntaxes and their compile time checks - TypeScript's compiler enforces strict rules when writing your source code, while JavaScript only performs these checks dynamically during run-time.

In summary, TypeScript provides more safety via compilation whereas JavaScript relies more on testing after-the-fact. Since most of what you can do with TS you could technically achieve with JS without having to write everything out twice, there’s no need to learn JavaScript if all you want to do is build scalable UIs. On the flip side, because everything needs to be explicitly defined upfront using Typescript, TypeScript projects tend to have more boilerplate than JavaScript projects—though again many advanced IDEs handle this automatically so it isn’t much of a hassle anymore.
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