Naphthalene exposure can be harmful to humans. It can cause naphthalene poisoning and is possibly carcinogenic. In the United States the occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has established an airborne permissible exposure limit of 10 ppm averaged over an 8-hour workshift. The International Agency for Research on Cancer considers Naphthalene to be possibly carcinogenic to humans. The carcinogenicity was tested in rats and mice.

The distribution and/or production of Naphthalene mothballs has been banned some jurisdictions, including the European Union and New Zealand.
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