tl;dr 
Key theories and models in economics:

Classical economics, Keynesian economics, Neoclassical economics, Monetarism, Behavioral economics, Game theory, Supply-side economics. Each theory has its own set of assumptions and predictions about economic behavior. These theories help economists understand why markets work the way they do and how policies can influence the economy.

Policymakers often use a mix of these theories to guide their decisions and implement strategies to improve economic well-being.
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