Alzheimer's disease actively impacts neurotransmitters, while prescription drugs like Ritalin exhibit different effects on them.

Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative condition affecting mainly the elderly population, actively disrupts several neurotransmitter systems as it progresses:

1. Acetylcholine: This neurotransmitter, crucial for memory and learning, experiences a significant decrease in Alzheimer's disease due to the loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain region. Alzheimer's medications such as donepezil and rivastigmine actively increase acetylcholine levels by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase enzyme responsible for breaking it down.

2. Glutamate: An excitatory neurotransmitter involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, glutamate is excessively released in Alzheimer's disease, causing overstimulation of neurons and contributing to their damage or death. Memantine, an Alzheimer's medication, actively blocks glutamate receptors, reducing the detrimental effects of excessive glutamate.

Ritalin, or methylphenidate, a prescription drug primarily used for treating attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), actively affects two neurotransmitter systems:

1. Dopamine: Ritalin actively blocks dopamine reuptake, increasing its availability in the synaptic cleft and enhancing dopamine signaling. This improves attention, focus, and impulse control in individuals with ADHD.

2. Norepinephrine: Ritalin also actively blocks norepinephrine reuptake, increasing its synaptic levels and enhancing cognitive functions like attention, working memory, and executive function.

In summary, Alzheimer's disease actively influences neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and glutamate, leading to cognitive decline, whereas prescription drugs like Ritalin modulate neurotransmitters like dopamine and norepinephrine, enhancing attention and focus in individuals with ADHD.
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