In simple terms, x86 protected mode and real mode are two different operating modes of the x86 architecture. Real mode is an earlier mode of operation that was used in the early days of personal computing. It provides direct access to all of the system's memory and I/O ports, making it easier to write software that runs directly on the hardware. However, it also has limitations, such as a limited memory address space and no built-in memory protection.

On the other hand, protected mode provides a more advanced operating environment that includes memory protection, support for multitasking, and the ability to access larger amounts of memory. This mode was introduced to address the limitations of real mode and to support the development of more advanced operating systems. In protected mode, software runs in a virtual environment that is managed by the operating system, providing a layer of protection between the software and the underlying hardware.

In summary, x86 protected mode provides a more advanced and secure operating environment compared to real mode, but it is also more complex to work with.
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