Thermodynamics is a branch of physics concerned with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy. It studies how thermal energy flows in response to forces, such as pressure or temperature differences, which can be used to power machines or perform work.

Thermodynamics deals with four main types of quantities:

1. extensive properties, such as volume, entropy and internal energy;
2. intensive properties, such as density, temperature and pressure;
3. state functions, which depend only on the current equilibrium state of the system and are determined by its initial conditions (such as the amount of matter present); and 
4. path functions, which describe events along a specific time line. A central concept in thermodynamics is the law of conservation of energy, which states that total energy cannot be created or destroyed but can only change from one form into another. 

Other important concepts include the second law of thermodynamics, which describes the irreversibility of natural processes, and the third law, which implies that it is impossible to reach absolute zero temperature.
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