The binary search algorithm is a fast way to search through sorted data for a desired value.

It works by looking at the midpoint element of the data, and seeing if the element we are looking for is above or below that point. Then, the algorithm takes the half of the data that has the element we want, and repeats the process until the desired element is found.

The time complexity of the binary search algorithm is `O(log n)`, meaning that it is very efficient. For a list of length `2^n`, the list can be narrowed down to the desired single element in only `n` iterations.
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