Yes, carrots of different colours still have the same health benefits as orange carrots. However, carrots of different colours also have their own benefits. Yellow carrots have xanthophylls that are linked to good eye health. Red carrots have lycopene that is believed to protect against heart disease and some cancers. Purple carrots contain anthocyanins, which are powerful antioxidants that protect cells from destructive free radicals.
As for the second question, carrots stay underground while their leaves poke up from the soil, so the colour of the carrot shouldn't affect photosynthesis as the leaves are what collect the sunlight.
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