One example of a 'self-explaining language' would be Lincos, a constructed language first described in 1960 by Dr. Hans Freudenthal in his book Lincos: Design of a Language for Cosmic Intercourse, Part 1. It is a language designed with the intent to be understandable by any possible intelligent extraterrestrial life form, so that it could be used in interstellar radio transmissions. Freudenthal considered that such a language should be easily understood by beings not acquainted with any Earthling syntax or language. Lincos was intended to be capable of encapsulating the bulk of human knowledge.  However whether this is possible, and whether an extraterrestrial intelligence would actually understand it is unknown and untestable at present.  Nonetheless, Lincos goes into great depth attempting to build from first concepts.  The Lincos "dictionary" is intended to be transmitted first before any additional messages, and teaches natural numbers by a series of repeated pulses, separated by pauses.  It then proceeds to conditionals, basic arithmetic, and multiplication, division, variables and constants, then propositional logic, set theory, and first-order logic.  It is believed from that point, any concept can be defined and communicated, since first order logic is Turing-complete.  Freudenthal continues to build upon this foundation, and other researchers have also devised extensions of the language, such as CosmicOne and Lingua Cosmica.  

You are correct, it is possible Pharaohs (or their tomb designers) had in mind a big place that was a nice, cool temperature inside.  Current archeological and anthropological theory holds that preservation of a Pharaoh's corpse was instrumental to ancient Egyptian funerary practices and beliefs.  A cool, dark, dry, sealed structure was known to the ancient Egyptians as part of preservation, as described in funerary and construction texts, and supported by the tombs themselves.
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