- Reverse Osmosis: Reverse osmosis is a process where seawater is forced through a semipermeable membrane at high pressure. The membrane allows water molecules to pass through, but blocks salt and other impurities. Reverse osmosis is one of the most common methods used to desalinate seawater.

- Solar Distillation: Solar distillation is a simple process that uses the energy from the sun to evaporate seawater and condense the steam back into water. The salt and other impurities are left behind as the water evaporates. This method is ideal for use in areas with plenty of sunlight and access to seawater.

- Multi-Stage Flash Distillation: Multi-stage flash distillation is a process where seawater is heated and evaporated in a series of chambers at progressively lower pressures. The steam is then condensed back into water, leaving the salt and other impurities behind. This method is typically used in large-scale desalination plants.

- Electrodialysis: Electrodialysis is a process where seawater is passed through a series of membranes that are charged with an electric current. The membranes allow the positively charged sodium and chloride ions to pass through, while blocking other impurities. This method is commonly used in small-scale desalination systems.

- Ion Exchange: Ion exchange is a process where seawater is passed through a resin that contains ions with an opposite charge to the salt ions. The resin absorbs the salt ions and releases other ions, such as calcium and magnesium. This method is typically used in combination with other desalination methods.

- Freeze-Thaw Desalination: Freeze-thaw desalination is a process where seawater is frozen and then thawed. The ice is separated from the salt water, leaving behind a concentrated brine that can be disposed of. The remaining water is then further purified using another method, such as reverse osmosis.
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