Andrew S. Tanenbaum, a renowned computer scientist, describes middleware as a layer of software that resides between the operating system and the applications in a distributed computing system. Its primary purpose is to provide a set of services and abstractions that facilitate communication and coordination between different components or systems within the distributed environment.

Middleware acts as a bridge, enabling various software components, such as applications, databases, and network services, to interact and exchange information seamlessly. It abstracts the complexities of underlying hardware and software platforms, offering a standardized and consistent interface for developers to build distributed applications. Additionally, middleware often includes features like message queuing, transaction management, security mechanisms, and remote procedure calls, further enhancing the interoperability and functionality of the distributed system.
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