The IPCC has warned that without immediate and deep emissions reductions across all sectors, limiting global warming to 1.5°C is beyond reach. Such a reduction would require a systematic transformation of our economies and societies, which would go beyond individual actions or changes in consumer choices. 

While it may seem that some actions are too small or insignificant to make a difference, they can still contribute to a larger collective effort that is needed. However, they are indeed not enough by themselves. A rapid transformation will be required across all global systems — from how we power our economies, to how we transport people and goods and feed a growing population. 

It may seem unfair or ineffective to put the burden of climate action on individual consumers, while large industries continue to emit huge amounts of greenhouse gases. However, there may be some reasons why focusing on __both__ consumer and industry actions is still important:

- First, consumer demand can influence industry behavior. If more people choose low-carbon products and services, or demand more transparency and accountability from companies, this can create incentives and pressure for industries to reduce their emissions and adopt cleaner technologies.
- Second, consumer actions can also have a ripple effect on other people’s awareness and behavior. If people see their friends, family or neighbors taking climate action, they may be more likely to do the same or support policies that enable such actions.
- Third, consumer actions can also have co-benefits for health, well-being and social justice. For example, using public transport or cycling instead of driving can reduce air pollution, improve physical fitness and save money. Buying local and organic food can support small farmers, reduce waste and enhance food security.

Of course, these consumer actions alone are not sufficient to achieve net-zero emissions. Ultimately, there needs to be a 'whole-of-society approach' that recognizes the interdependence and mutual responsibility of all stakeholders in addressing the climate crisis.
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