The concept of clones in algebra was first introduced by the American mathematician Garrett Birkhoff in 1935. Birkhoff's work on universal algebra sought to unify different branches of algebra by studying the general properties of algebraic structures.

In particular, Birkhoff introduced the concept of an algebraic clone as a class of functions that is closed under composition and contains all the projection functions. This concept provided a powerful tool for studying the algebraic properties of various structures, including groups, rings, and lattices.

Since then, the concept of clones has been further developed and applied in various areas of mathematics, including logic, complexity theory, and computer science. Clones have also been studied in relation to other mathematical concepts, such as polymorphism and Galois connections.

Today, the study of clones and related topics continues to be an active area of research in algebra and related fields.
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