You are correct that there are a limited number of neurons in the human brain. In addition, neurons have a specific threshold for activation. When the threshold is reached, the neuron fires an action potential, which is an "all-or-nothing" event. This means that the neuron either fires or it doesn't, there is no in-between state.

Just taking this into account, the number of possible permutations is `2^86,000,000,000`, which is an almost unimaginably large number of possible combinations. But this doesn't take into account connections between neurons. Neurons can modulate the strength of their connection with neighboring neurons through a process called synaptic plasticity, which involves changing the strength of the connections (synapses) between neurons. Additionally, neurons can vary the frequency at which they fire action potentials, which can influence the strength of the signal transmitted to downstream neurons. These additional factors amplify this already-enormous number of possible combinations by another unimaginably large amount.

With this information, I think it is safe to say that the number of possible brain states that can exist is far greater than can ever be reached within a meaningful amount of time.
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