There are several methods and approaches used in ecological restoration to rehabilitate degraded ecosystems and conserve biodiversity. Some examples of different kinds of restoration include revegetation, which is the establishment of vegetation on sites where it has been previously lost, often with erosion control as the primary goal; habitat enhancement, which is the process of increasing the suitability of a site as habitat for some desired species; and remediation, which involves improving an existing ecosystem or creating a new one with the aim of replacing another that has deteriorated or been destroyed.

Ecological restoration can also include a wide scope of projects such as erosion control, reforestation, removal of non-native species and weeds, revegetation of disturbed areas, daylighting streams, reintroduction of native species (preferably native species that have local adaptation), and habitat and range improvement for targeted species. Assisting recovery can be as simple as removing an invasive species or reintroducing a lost species or a lost function (like fire); or as complex as altering landforms, planting vegetation, changing the hydrology, and reintroducing wildlife.
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