RSA is an encryption and decryption algorithm used for secure data transmission. Here's how it works in simple terms:

1.  Generate two large prime numbers, p and q.
2.  Multiply those primes to get n = p \* q.
3.  Choose a public key 'e' such that it is relatively prime to (p-1)(q-1).
4.  Compute the private key 'd' such that d \* e = 1 (mod (p-1)(q-1)).
5.  To encrypt a message, you take the message and raise it to the power of the public key, then take the result modulo n.
6.  To decrypt the message, you take the encrypted message and raise it to the power of the private key, then take the result modulo n.

The security of RSA comes from the fact that finding the prime factors of a large number is very difficult, so even though you can easily encrypt a message using the public key, it's very hard to decrypt it without the private key.
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