The three domains of life are the Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. These domains differ significantly in terms of their cellular structures and biochemical mechanisms, as well as in their evolutionary history and ecological roles.

Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They have a wide range of metabolic strategies, including photosynthesis, fermentation, and respiration, and play key roles in many ecosystems as decomposers, symbionts, and pathogens.

Archaea are also single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, but are distinguished from bacteria by their unique biochemical pathways and molecular structures. They are often found in extreme environments such as hot springs, deep sea vents, and salt flats, and can carry out a variety of metabolic processes, including methanogenesis, sulfur cycling, and halophily.

Eukarya, on the other hand, are more complex organisms that have a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, allowing for a higher degree of cellular compartmentalization and specialization. They include animals, plants, fungi, and protists, and exhibit a wide range of morphological, physiological, and developmental diversity.

Despite these differences, the three domains share some key characteristics, including the use of DNA as their genetic material, the presence of ribosomes for protein synthesis, and the use of similar metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. Additionally, all living organisms require a source of energy to sustain life, whether through harvesting light energy, organic compounds, or inorganic molecules.
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