The distance to Mars from Earth varies considerably depending on their orbits around the sun. In theory, the closest Mars and Earth would get is when Mars reaches its closest point to the sun (perihelion) and Earth is at its farthest (aphelion). This would bring the two planets within 33.9 million miles (54.6 million kilometers) of each other, but this has not yet happened in recorded history.

The closest recorded distance to Mars from Earth was recorded in August 2003 when the two were 34.8 million miles (56 million km) apart. According to NASA, the two will not be that close again until the year 2237.

Mars and Earth are farthest apart when they are both at aphelion and on opposite sides of the sun. Here, they can be 250 million miles (401 million km) apart. The average distance between Earth and Mars is 140 million miles (225 million km).
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