The fate of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon is a subject of debate and uncertainty. There is no definitive archaeological evidence of the gardens or extant texts that mention them. Some historians believe that the gardens never actually existed, and that the descriptions in ancient Greek and Roman writings (including those of Strabo, Diodorus Siculus and Quintus Curtius Rufus) were a romantic ideal of an eastern garden. Another theory suggests that the gardens did exist in Babylon, but were destroyed sometime around the first century AD.

However, Oxford scholar Stephanie Dalley has suggested that the Hanging Gardens of Babylon were actually the well-documented gardens constructed by the Assyrian king Sennacherib for his palace at Nineveh on the River Tigris. She posits that during the intervening centuries, the two sites became confused, and the extensive gardens at Sennacherib's palace were attributed to Nebuchadnezzar II's Babylon. Whether this theory is correct or not, the gardens themselves remain elusive, and their precise location and cause of disappearance remain unknown.
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