At its core, 1 + 1 = 2 because of the human-made rules of arithmetic. The concepts of "1" and "2" are abstractions used to represent quantities of things, and addition is a way to combine two quantities to get a new quantity (the sum of the input quantities). The fact that 1 + 1 = 2 is a reflection of the way humans have defined these arithmetic concepts - namely, a quantity of one combined with a quantity of one results in a total quantity of two.

In a purely hypothetical sense, there could theoretically be a world where 1 + 1 = 3, but only if the abstract quantities represented by "1" and "3" had a relation such that two quantities of "1" was equal to one quantity of "3". In a more practical sense, there is no world out there where 1 + 1 = 3 because the concepts of "1", "2", "3", addition, and arithmetic as a whole are strictly human inventions and therefore only exist on our world.
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