Imagine you have a ball and you want to find the shortest path between two points on the surface of the ball. If you drew a straight line between the two points, it would not be the shortest path. This is because the surface of a ball is curved, so the straight line would actually curve as well. The shortest path between two points on a sphere is called a great circle. A great circle is a circle on the surface of a sphere that passes through the center of the sphere. The shortest path between two points on a sphere is an arc of a great circle.

Here is a simple way to think about it. Imagine you are standing on the surface of a ball and you want to walk to a point on the other side of the ball. If you walked in a straight line, you would eventually end up back where you started. This is because the surface of a ball is curved. However, if you walked along a great circle, you would eventually reach your destination.

The formula for the distance between two points on a sphere is the Haversine formula. This formula takes into account the latitude and longitude of the two points, as well as the radius of the sphere. The Haversine formula is a very accurate way of computing distances between two points on the surface of a sphere.
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