A consequentialist judges actions by the good or bad consequences of those actions, so they would start by evaluating the "amount of harm" done by each possible action that could be taken. In the classic problem, the consequentialist would weigh the harm caused by killing a single person against the harm caused by letting five people die, and would choose to kill one person as it is the "least bad option". Weighing the outcomes becomes much harder as the complexity of the situation increases, which is a flaw in consequentialism.
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