Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese are both popular forms of spoken Chinese, but they differ in several ways. 

One significant difference is in the pronunciation of words, with Cantonese having a more complex system of tones compared to Mandarin. Cantonese also has a range of sounds and phonetic features that do not exist in Mandarin.

Another difference is the way that the two languages are written. Mandarin uses simplified Chinese characters in Mainland China, while Cantonese uses traditional characters, which are more complex.

There are also differences in grammar and vocabulary between the two languages, with some words in Cantonese having different meanings or not existing in Mandarin.

Overall, while both languages are part of the Chinese language family, they are distinct and can be challenging for speakers of the other language to understand or learn.
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