The amount of oxygen required when the person needs to exercise and may be under additional stress will depend on the intensity and duration of the exercise and the level of stress. Generally, oxygen consumption increases linearly with increasing work rate at submaximal intensities. For example, in an average young male, resting oxygen consumption is about 0.035 kg (0.077 lb) per hour, but it can reach up to 0.833 kg (1.837 lb) per hour during very high intensity exercise. Exercise also increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and results in oxidative stress in various tissues, which may require more antioxidants to prevent cellular damage. Stress can also affect oxygen consumption by altering the respiratory rate, heart rate, blood pressure, and metabolism. Therefore, more oxygen may be needed to cope with the increased demand and protect the body from oxidative stress.

To estimate how much additional oxygen would be required when the person needs to exercise and may be under additional stress, we can use a simple formula:

Additional oxygen = (Exercise intensity × Exercise duration × Oxygen consumption per unit of work) + (Stress factor × Oxygen consumption at rest)

Exercise intensity is a measure of how hard the person is working relative to their maximum capacity. It can range from 0 (no exercise) to 1 (maximum exercise). Exercise duration is the time spent exercising in hours. Oxygen consumption per unit of work is the amount of oxygen used per unit of work done. It can vary depending on the type of exercise, but a typical value is 0.02 kg (0.044 lb) of oxygen per kilocalorie of work. Stress factor is a measure of how much stress affects the person’s oxygen consumption. It can range from 0 (no stress) to 1 (maximum stress). Oxygen consumption at rest is the amount of oxygen used when not exercising. It can vary depending on the person’s age, weight, and health status, but a typical value is 0.035 kg (0.077 lb) of oxygen per hour.

For example, if a person exercises at 80% of their maximum intensity for 30 minutes and experiences moderate stress (50%) during their trip to the Moon by rocket, their additional oxygen would be:

Additional oxygen = (0.8 × 0.5 × 0.02) + (0.5 × 0.035) Additional oxygen = 0.008 + 0.0175 Additional oxygen = 0.0255 kg (0.056 lb) of oxygen

This is an approximate value that does not account for individual variations or other factors that may affect oxygen consumption and usage during physical exercise and stress.
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