Attenuation coefficient is a measure of how much an object or material attenuates or weakens a beam of radiation passing through it. In the context of medical imaging, the attenuation coefficient is used to describe how much an x-ray or gamma ray beam is absorbed or scattered by a tissue or organ in the body. Different types of tissues have different attenuation coefficients due to their varying density and atomic composition. The attenuation coefficients of different tissues can be measured and used to generate images of the internal structures of the body using imaging modalities such as CT and PET scans. The attenuation coefficient is typically expressed in units of Hounsfield Units (HU) in CT imaging, which is a scale that represents the relative radiodensity of a tissue compared to water.
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