Current applications of quantum tunneling mainly include the tunnel diode, quantum computing, flash memory, and the scanning tunneling microscope.
-A tunnel diode or Esaki diode is a type of semiconductor diode that has "negative resistance" (an increase in voltage leads to a decrease in current) due to the tunneling effect. The "negative" part allows them to function as oscillators and amplifiers, and in switching circuits using hysteresis.
-Flash memory store the data as charges at the gate of floating-gate transistors. Tunneling makes it possible to charge and discharge flash memory at lower voltages, lowering power consumption and heat.
-A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) works based on the tunneling current between the sample surface and a tip very near to it, 
 caused by electrons tunneling through the vacuum separating them when a bias voltage is applied.
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