There are many reasons why Greek letters are often used in mathematics:

- The greek letters are concise and clearly represent mathematical terms, while normal letters may be mistaken for words (e.g. multiplying $c$, $a$, and $t$ forms the word $cat$), and words are less concise. Sure, words are easier for laymen to understand, but once most people learn the greek letters they actually prefer them, and you have to learn a lot in math anyways.
- Mathematics requires a large number of symbols to stand for abstract objects, such as numbers, sets, functions, and spaces. Roman numerals and the alphabet are not enough to unique support each the various symbol, and even after using the Greek and Latin alphabet, there are still many duplicates and mathematicians can occasionally get confused (see: $k$ referring to 100 different things, including constant, index, quaternion basis vector, Boltzmann's constant, etc.)
- Convention: it has been done for thousands of years, and there are no major downsides, so why not do it for 1000 more? Plus, mathematicians are already familiar with the Greek letters, and it would be hard to replace every occurrence with some new letter. Fun fact: European mathematics is very heavily rooted in the mathematics of ancient Greece, and some of the symbols have directly been carried over from those times

For more info, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_letters_used_in_mathematics,_science,_and_engineering
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