The reason for using a tuple with two values (an integer and a string) instead of a single string is because the createDataFrame method in PySpark requires a list of tuples, where each tuple represents a row in the dataframe. Each tuple should contain the values for each column in that row.

In this case, each row contains three values: an integer, a string representing a country name, and another integer representing a total. To create the dataframe, we need to pass a list of tuples where each tuple contains these three values.

So instead of using a single string with comma-separated values, we use a tuple with two values: the integer ID and a string containing the country name and total separated by a comma. The split_rows function then splits this string into two columns during the transformation process.

In summary, the use of tuples is just a way to represent the rows in the dataframe in a format that PySpark can easily interpret and transform into the desired format.
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