Without explaining the calculus itself, I would explain it as this: imagine this curve that is always bending upwards faster and faster. In fact, it grows exponentially, which means its height doubles each time you move a certain constant distance to the right. Obviously the area under the curve is infinite, and furthermore, for any given point on the x axis, the area under the curve on the left side (no matter how large) is insignificant compared to what has yet to come on the right side. This is similar to how our limited resources and understanding, no matter how great compared to our ancestors, pale in comparison to the vast universe and the potential futures that lie before us.
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