Marxism is a political, economic, and social theory developed by the German philosopher Karl Marx in the mid-19th century. It is a critique of capitalism and seeks to establish a classless society where the means of production are owned and controlled by the community as a whole, rather than by a small group of capitalists.

Marxism argues that capitalism creates social and economic inequality, and that this inequality leads to exploitation and alienation of the working class. Marx believed that the only way to overcome this inequality was through a revolution of the working class, who would seize control of the means of production and establish a socialist society.

Marxism also encompasses a range of related ideas and movements, including communism, socialism, and labor movements, and has had a significant influence on political and social thought around the world.
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