A computer can be characterized from the point of view of its constituent parts as follows:

Central Processing Unit (CPU): This is the "brain" of the computer that performs calculations and executes instructions.

Random Access Memory (RAM): This is the computer's primary memory, which stores data that is currently being used by the CPU.

Hard Disk Drive (HDD) or Solid State Drive (SSD): This is the computer's secondary storage device, which stores data that is not currently being used by the CPU. The HDD uses spinning disks to store data, while the SSD uses flash memory.

Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): This is a specialized processor designed to handle graphics-intensive tasks such as video rendering and gaming.

Motherboard: This is the main circuit board that connects all the computer's components together.

Power Supply Unit (PSU): This converts the AC power from a wall outlet into DC power that can be used by the computer's components.

Cooling system: This is necessary to keep the computer's components from overheating. It typically consists of a combination of fans and heatsinks.

Input and output devices: These include the keyboard, mouse, monitor, speakers, and other peripherals that allow the user to interact with the computer.

By understanding these constituent parts and how they interact with each other, we can better understand the capabilities and limitations of a computer.
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