Sure. It begins with the common material for solar panels: silicon. A silicon atom has 4 valence electrons on the outermost orbital, and each of them pairs with a valence electron of another silicon atom to form a single bond in elemental silicon. In other words, each atom is bonded with another 4 atoms. When the silicon is doped with materials with 5 valence electrons such as phosphorous, each atom still binds with another 4 atoms, but there will be an extra valence electron provided by the phosphorous atom. This is called p-type silicon. In contrast, when the silicon is doped with materials with 3 valence electrons such as boron, there will be a vacancy known as a hole, and the silicon is n-type. When these two types of silicon contact, the extra valence electrons in n-type silicon will flow to the p-type side to "fill" the holes, forming a layer known as the depletion region. This causes the n-type side to gain a positive charge, and the p-type side to gain a negative one, which eventually comes to an equilibrium condition as the electrons are held back by the electric field gradually built up at the interface. This interface is known as a p-n junction.
The photons of a light beam have a characteristic energy called photon energy. When an electron absorbs this energy and acquires energy higher than its binding energy, it breaks free from the atom. When this happens in the depletion region, the free electrons will move to the n-type side due to the established electric field at the p-n junction, and the holes left in the depletion region move to the p-type side (this can be viewed as the other electrons moving in one direction, "pushing" the hole into the opposite). This process leads to higher electron concentration on the n-type side, and hole concentration on the other, thus setting up a voltage. This voltage the solar panel produces from light is what we utilize.
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