A proxy is a person or thing that acts on behalf of another person or thing. In the context of diplomacy, proxy diplomacy means the use of intermediaries or third parties to influence the decisions and behaviour of foreign governments and peoples. Proxy diplomacy can be seen as a way of avoiding direct confrontation or communication between rival states, or as a way of pursuing national interests through indirect means.

Some examples of proxy diplomacy are:

- The use of rebel groups, militias, or non-state actors to fight on behalf of a state in a civil war or a regional conflict. For instance, Iran and Saudi Arabia have been accused of supporting opposing sides in the wars in Syria and Yemen.
- The use of diplomatic recognition, sanctions, or aid to reward or punish a state for its alignment with another state. For instance, Lithuania's decision to open a representative office in Taiwan was seen as a provocation by China, which considers Taiwan as part of its territory.
- The use of international organizations, regional blocs, or multilateral forums to advance a state's agenda or to isolate a rival state. For instance, the US and its allies have used the UN Security Council, NATO, and the EU to pressure Russia over its actions in Ukraine and Crimea.

As for the games you mentioned, I have not played them myself, but I can try to give some examples based on my knowledge:

- In Sid Meier's Civilization, proxy diplomacy can be used to wage war against another civilization without declaring war directly. For instance, you can bribe or persuade another civilization to declare war on your enemy, or you can support a city-state that is allied with you to attack your enemy.
- In Diplomacy, proxy diplomacy can be used to form alliances or betrayals with other players without revealing your true intentions. For instance, you can use secret messages, false promises, or deceptive moves to manipulate other players into doing what you want them to do.
- In Mass Effect 3, proxy diplomacy can be used to gain the support of different races and factions for the war against the Reapers. For instance, you can use diplomatic missions, side quests, or paragon/renegade choices to influence the decisions and actions of other characters.

I hope this helps you understand what proxy diplomacy is and how it works. Do you have any other questions?
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