Meiosis and mitosis are two types of cell division that occur in human cells, and they have some significant differences in their processes and outcomes.

Mitosis is the process of cell division that occurs in somatic cells (body cells) and is responsible for the growth and maintenance of tissues. In mitosis, a cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The process of mitosis consists of four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. During each stage, the chromosomes in the cell are replicated and then separated into two new cells.

Meiosis, on the other hand, is the process of cell division that occurs in the cells that give rise to gametes. In meiosis, a cell divides into four non-identical daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. The process of meiosis also consists of four stages, but each stage occurs twice, resulting in two rounds of cell division. The first round of meiosis separates the homologous chromosomes, while the second round separates the sister chromatids. Meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction, as it ensures genetic diversity by shuffling the genetic information between the homologous chromosomes during the process of crossing over.

The major differences between mitosis and meiosis are:

1. Chromosome number: Mitosis results in two daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell, while meiosis results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

2. Genetic diversity: Mitosis results in genetically identical daughter cells, while meiosis creates genetically diverse daughter cells due to the crossing over and recombination of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

3. Function: Mitosis is responsible for the growth and maintenance of tissues, while meiosis is essential for sexual reproduction.

4. Number of cell divisions: Mitosis involves one round of cell division, while meiosis involves two rounds of cell division.
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