Here is an overview of the grammatical construction and sentence structure of Ithkuil, along with some example sentences and their English translations:

Root: The core of an Ithkuil word is its root, which expresses its fundamental meaning. For example, the root "vsk" means "to see."

Morphological categories: Ithkuil has a large number of morphological categories that can modify the root to convey additional information. These categories include case, aspect, mood, valence, and evidentiality, among others. Here are some examples of how these categories can modify the root:

Case: Ithkuil has 81 different cases, which indicate the grammatical role of a noun in a sentence. For example, the case suffix "-a" indicates the absolutive case, which is used for the subject of an intransitive verb or the object of a transitive verb. So the word "vsk-a" means "I see (something)."
Aspect: Ithkuil has 36 different aspects, which indicate the temporal structure of an action. For example, the aspect prefix "štu-" indicates the iterative aspect, which indicates that an action is repeated over time. So the word "štu-vsk-a" means "I see (something) repeatedly."
Mood: Ithkuil has 81 different moods, which indicate the speaker's attitude towards the statement. For example, the mood suffix "-ei" indicates the interrogative mood, which turns a statement into a question. So the word "vsk-a-ei" means "Do I see (something)?"
Valence: Ithkuil has 36 different valence patterns, which indicate the number and type of arguments a verb takes. For example, the valence pattern "C1ak" indicates a verb that takes one subject and one direct object. So the word "vsk-a-k" means "I see (something/someone)."
Evidentiality: Ithkuil has 36 different evidential categories, which indicate the source of the speaker's knowledge. For example, the evidential suffix "-u" indicates direct perception, meaning that the speaker saw or heard the event themselves. So the word "vsk-a-ku" means "I saw (something/someone)."
Sentence structure: Ithkuil has a flexible sentence structure, with word order determined by the communicative goals of the speaker. However, there are some general guidelines for word order based on the importance of the words in the sentence. For example, the most important word typically comes first, and the subject usually comes before the object. Here are some example sentences in Ithkuil, along with their English translations:
Vsk-a-k. ("I see (something/someone).")
Štu-vsk-a-k. ("I see (something/someone) repeatedly.")
Vsk-a-ei. ("Do I see (something)?")
Vsk-a-ku. ("I saw (something/someone).")
Vsk-a-k-u. ("I saw (something/someone) myself.")
Vsk-û-a-k. ("Someone/something else saw me.")
In these sentences, you can see how the different morphological categories modify the root to convey specific meanings. For example, the iterative aspect "štu-" in the second sentence indicates that the action is repeated, while the interrogative mood "-ei" in the third sentence turns the statement into a question. The evidential suffix "-u" in the last two sentences indicates the source of knowledge, whether it was directly perceived or inferred.
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