In a decentralized network like Bitcoin, each node needs a way to discover and connect to other nodes to maintain the network's connectivity and share information. Node discovery in Bitcoin is achieved through a process that involves several steps:

1. **Seed Nodes**: The Bitcoin software is pre-configured with a set of seed nodes. These are well-known and established nodes that serve as initial entry points for new nodes to join the network. These seed nodes are maintained by various contributors and organizations involved in the Bitcoin ecosystem.

2. **DNS Seeds**: The Bitcoin software also contains a list of DNS seed nodes. These are domain names associated with multiple IP addresses of active nodes. When a node starts up, it queries these DNS seed nodes to obtain a list of potential peers.

3. **Peers List**: Once a node connects to a few initial peers (seed nodes or other discovered nodes), it starts building a list of known peers by exchanging information during the connection process. Each node shares its list of connected peers, allowing new nodes to discover more nodes in the network.

4. **Address Exchange**: Nodes periodically exchange lists of addresses with their peers. These lists contain IP addresses and port numbers of other nodes in the network. This helps nodes discover additional peers beyond their initially connected ones.

5. **Network Messages**: Bitcoin nodes exchange various types of network messages, including "addr" messages that contain lists of known addresses. These messages help propagate address information across the network, allowing nodes to learn about and connect to more peers.

6. **Network Topology**: Over time, as nodes establish connections and share information, the network's topology evolves. Nodes that are well-connected and well-functioning become more reputable and are more likely to be selected as peers by other nodes.

It's important to note that while these mechanisms facilitate node discovery, the process is decentralized, meaning that no central authority controls or manages it. Nodes independently discover and connect to other nodes based on the information they exchange during the connection process.

Additionally, nodes in the Bitcoin network can choose which peers to connect to, and they can disconnect from and reconnect to different peers at any time. This dynamic and decentralized nature of node discovery contributes to the resilience and security of the Bitcoin network.
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