It can be used to estimate the straight-line distance between two points, if the distances between each point and a shared reference point are known. For example, suppose you are 2km south of the Empire State Building in New York. Your friend is 3km east of it. Using the Pythagorean Theorem, the straight-line distance between you and your friend would be sqrt(2^2 + 3^2) = ~3.6km. So if you wanted to visit your friend, you will have to walk at least 3.6km.
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