The Raspberry Pi and Arduino are both popular platforms for electronics projects, but they have some key differences:

1. **Type of device:**
   - Raspberry Pi is a single-board computer (SBC) running a full-fledged operating system (typically Linux-based, such as Raspbian). It has a CPU, GPU, RAM, and various input/output interfaces.
   - Arduino is a microcontroller board that uses a simple microcontroller chip to execute specific tasks using firmware uploaded to the board. It does not run an operating system.

2. **Processing power:**
   - Raspberry Pi has more processing power and memory, allowing it to handle complex tasks, multiple processes, and run desktop applications.
   - Arduino is designed for simpler, single-purpose tasks, with less processing power and memory compared to a Raspberry Pi.

3. **Programming languages:**
   - Raspberry Pi supports various programming languages, including Python, C, C++, Java, and many others.
   - Arduino is typically programmed using a language based on C/C++, called the Arduino programming language, which is specifically tailored for Arduino boards.

4. **Real-time capabilities:**
   - Raspberry Pi, running a full operating system, is not well-suited for real-time applications because of potential interruptions from other processes.
   - Arduino, being a dedicated microcontroller, can handle real-time applications more effectively, as it executes one task at a time with precise timing.

5. **Power consumption:**
   - Raspberry Pi generally consumes more power than Arduino due to its more powerful processing capabilities and additional components.
   - Arduino is more power-efficient, making it more suitable for battery-powered or energy-sensitive applications.

In summary, Raspberry Pi is better suited for projects requiring a full computer system, complex processing, or versatile programming languages, while Arduino is more appropriate for simpler, real-time tasks, and power-efficient applications. The choice between the two depends on the specific requirements and constraints of your project.
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