Determining whether an input is factual or fictional can also be challenging, but there are some approaches that can help:

- Fact checking - Comparing statements in the input to known facts and truth sources to verify accuracy. This works best for specific, verifiable claims but can be limited by the scope of available fact sources.
- Plausibility checking - Assessing whether statements in the input seem plausible or realistic based on world knowledge and common sense. This is imperfect and can be fooled by persuasive but false claims.
- Author expertise and credibility - Considering the author or source of the input and their expertise/credibility. However, this can be difficult to assess and is not a guarantee of accuracy.
- Consistency checking - Looking for internal inconsistencies, logical flaws, or contradictions in the input which could indicate fiction. However, skillful fictions may avoid major contradictions.

There is no foolproof algorithm for determining absolute fact vs. fiction with arbitrary inputs. The approaches above can provide signals that indicate the likelihood of an input being factual or fictional, but there will likely always be limitations and edge cases. Determining "truth" and "fact" is fundamentally challenging for AI systems and often requires human judgement as well.
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