South America was heavily impacted by colonialism, beginning with the arrival of Spanish conquistadors in the late 15th century. The pursuit of gold and other precious metals played a significant role in the colonization of the region. The Spanish exploited native peoples and established an extensive system of mines to extract gold and silver, which were shipped back to Europe. The extraction of these precious metals led to the brutal exploitation of indigenous populations and the establishment of a colonial system of forced labor and slavery.

The Portuguese also played a significant role in South American colonialism, particularly in Brazil. They established sugar plantations and used enslaved Africans to provide labor. The slave trade played a significant role in the colonization of Brazil and other South American countries, with millions of Africans forcibly transported to the continent to work on plantations and in mines.

The legacy of colonialism in South America has been profound, with lasting impacts on the region's economy, culture, and society. The extraction of precious metals and exploitation of native peoples and slaves has left a lasting legacy of inequality and poverty, as well as significant environmental damage.
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