The state of New South Wales in Australia was one of the original six colonies that federated to form the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. It is the oldest and most populous state in Australia, and its capital city, Sydney, is the largest and most cosmopolitan city in the country.

The name "New South Wales" was given by Captain James Cook when he first arrived in Australia in 1770, and he named it after the region of Wales in Great Britain. So, the "new" in New South Wales is a reference to the fact that it was a new territory for British colonization and settlement at the time.
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