text:
I'm sorry to hear that you're experiencing this issue. It sounds like your computer may have encountered a problem with the operating system or with the graphics card. However, let's try some basic troubleshooting steps to see if we can fix the issue.

First, try pressing the F11 key on your keyboard. This should exit full-screen mode and restore the tabs, bar at the bottom, and buttons in the top-right corner of your screen.

If that doesn't work, try pressing the Ctrl+Shift+T keys together. This should reopen the tabs that were previously open.

If neither of these options work, try restarting your computer by pressing and holding the power button until the computer turns off, and then turning it back on again. However, if files are currently transferring from the USB stick to your computer, it's important to wait until the transfer is complete before restarting the computer. You can check the progress of the file transfer by looking at the file transfer window.

If none of these steps work, there may be a more serious issue with your computer, and you may need to seek the help of a computer technician.


text:
God, I hope it's not something wrong physically with my computer, but I am having trouble following along with your first troubleshooting step as I don't believe I have a F11 key on my keyboard. I've looked and I can find the F and 1 keys separately.

Is there any other way I can make this smaller without closing everything what I have open or forcing my computer to restart? If I give you more information about the computer I am using, would you be able to give me more specific instructions?

role: prompter


text:
Some keyboards have their F1-F12(function keys) combined with other keys, and you'll find them printed in a usually smaller font on keycaps. Press them together with Fn key would work. Besides, you can get a keyboard with standard  function keys and plug it to your computer. If you are using a macbook with a touchbar, you might need to press and hold the Fn key to make function keys show in the touchbar.
Force quiting the browser might also work. For windows, press Ctrl+Alt+Delete to open the task manager. For MacOS, press Option (or Alt)+Command+Esc (Escape) to open the Force Quit window.

role: assistant


text:
I apologize for the confusion in my previous message. Not all keyboards have an F11 key, and there are other ways to resize windows without using that specific key.

To resize a window on your computer, you can click and drag the edges of the window. Move your mouse cursor to one of the edges of the window until it changes to a double-sided arrow. Click and hold the left mouse button, and then drag the edge of the window to make it smaller.

Alternatively, you can use keyboard shortcuts to resize windows on Windows 10. Press and hold the Windows key on your keyboard, and then press the left or right arrow key to move the window to the left or right side of the screen. You can then press the up or down arrow key to maximize or minimize the window.

If you're still having trouble resizing your window, please let me know what kind of computer you're using (e.g. Windows PC, Mac, etc.) and what operating system version you have, and I can provide more specific instructions.


text:
This might be the browser crashing, and you can try:
- Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager
- Find your browser under the Head "Processes". Click on it and then click the "End task" button on the bottom right

If it's not working, it is probably caused by the Windows Explorer. You can try:
- Press Ctrl + Shift + Esc to open Task Manager
- Find "Windows Explorer" under the Head "Processes". Click on it and then click the "End task" button on the bottom right
- If the Windows Explorer doesn't restart by itself, in which case the taskbar is missing, Click "File" and select "Run new task". Enter explorer.exe and click "OK".

The danger of disconnecting the USB device and force shutting down while transferring data is corrupting the data in the device, so if nothing works eventually this might be an option.


text:
Hello again, So I pressed Ctrl + Shift + Esc, but nothing happened. Do i need to press them all at the same time?
Also how can I find out what browser I am using? and how can I stop it from crashing again in the future?


text:
I'm sorry to hear that you're experiencing technical difficulties with your computer. It sounds like your computer may have encountered a problem, causing your desktop to disappear. Here are a few steps you can try to resolve the issue:

1. Try pressing the "Ctrl + Alt + Delete" keys on your keyboard. This should bring up the Task Manager. If you can see the Task Manager, try ending any non-essential processes to free up resources.
2. If the Task Manager does not appear, try pressing the Windows key on your keyboard. This should bring up the Start menu. From there, you can search for "Task Manager" and try opening it that way.
3. If neither of these options work, try restarting your computer. If you're worried about interrupting the transfer of pictures from the USB stick, you can safely remove the USB stick by following these steps:
a. Right-click on the USB stick icon in the bottom-right corner of the screen (it may be hidden in the "Show hidden icons" menu).
b. Select "Safely Remove Hardware and Eject Media".
c. Select the USB stick from the list and click "Stop".
d. Once it says "You can safely remove this device", you can safely remove the USB stick.
4. If none of these steps work, you may need to seek assistance from a computer technician.

I hope these steps help you resolve the issue and get back to using your computer normally. Let me know if there's anything else I can assist you with.


text: It sounds like you're telling me to shut down my computer, which I already explained I can't do right now! I think maybe the window has become larger than everything else and I just need to know how to move out from this chat so that I can use other things!?


text:
I understand you are unable to shutdown your computer and will try to provide options to resolve this issue without the need to reboot. Here are a few suggestions:

1.) Since you mentioned "the window has become larger than everything else" this may be caused by the full screen mode option in your browser. Press "F11" key on your keyboard to disable this mode. If this does not solve your issue you can press F11 again to disable this mode.

2.) If this does not work you can attempt manually end the browser process via task manager. Try pressing the "Ctrl + Alt + Delete" keys on your keyboard. This should bring up the Task Manager. If you can see the Task Manager, try ending any non-essential processes such as Chrome, Firefox or Edge to free up resources.

3.) Another options is to wait until the files on the USB stick have finished transferring over to your computer. If you are unable to determine the progress of the file transfer it would be best to wait overnight to allow the transfer to complete before attempting to rebooting your computer. If you are still unsure if the transfer is complete after this, you may need to seek additional assistance from a relative or technician.

I hope these steps help you resolve the issue and get back to using your computer normally. Let me know if there's anything else I can assist you with.


text:
Don't worry, I'll help you find out what happened and get your computer back into normal working order!
Your grandson is right that removing a USB stick or shutting of your computer while files are transferring. Doing so has a small chance of causing those files or the USB stick to become corrupted and unreadable!
If you can, you should also avoid turning off your computer using the power button, since this can cause unnecessary wear and tear to your computer's electrical components and reduce its operating life. If you have the option, you should shut it down with your operating system to minimize component wear and avoid the possibility of damaging your files.

From your description, it sounds like you encountered an operating system error that caused it to crash. It may look frightening, but operating systems can sometimes detect a crash and fix it without you needing to turn of your computer. You should be safe this time to shut if off, but I would recommend waiting a few minutes to see if the computer ends up fixing itself first.

In the meantime, could you tell me a bit more about this problem? Is this the first time this has happened, or have you encountered it before? If so, is it a regular problem?

I'll also need know what type of computer you have and it's specifications to give you the best support I can.


text: My computer is the one from Aldi. And it's not the first time it's done this! Usually I'll hold down the button and start it again but I'm not sure if my pictures have done copying yet. I went to Spain with my grandson for a weekend and it was just so great. We have some really pretty pictures of him and me together and I don't want to lose them. I have so few photos of him as is and he usually doesn't have the time to go on a holiday with his grandmother, but I mean who does anymore right?


text: what are tenets of Cynicism


text:
The tenets of Cynicism are as follows:

1. Pursue a simple and natural lifestyle.
2. Reject material comforts.
3. Rely on one’s own judgment and self-sufficiency.
4. Reject social conventions and customs.
5. Practice self-control and moderation.
6. Live in accordance with nature.
7. Live a life of virtue and wisdom.
8. Live a life of truthfulness and honesty.


text:
The philosophy of Cynicism originated in ancient Greece and was founded on the belief that living a virtuous life, free from materialistic desires and societal norms, was the key to happiness and fulfillment. The Cynics valued self-sufficiency, simplicity, skepticism towards conventional wisdom, and independence. They believed that one should live a life guided by virtue and moral character, rather than external sources or social conventions.

Keep in mind that different Cynic philosophers emphasized different aspects of the movement, and that the philosophy evolved over time. However, these basic tenets provide a good starting point for understanding the core beliefs of Cynicism.


text: Thank you, their values seem highly applicable to modern situations and environments. Please tell me more about the beliefs of specific Cynic philosophers. I especially want to know about the issues where opinions diverged the most.


text:
Sure, I'd be happy to tell you more about the beliefs of specific Cynic philosophers. There were several key figures in the Cynic movement, each with their own ideas and perspectives.

One of the most famous Cynics was Antisthenes, who was a student of Socrates and is often considered the founder of the Cynic philosophy. Antisthenes believed that the key to a virtuous life was living simply and being self-sufficient, rather than seeking external sources of pleasure or wealth. He also believed that happiness could be achieved through asceticism, or self-denial of physical pleasure, and that wisdom and virtue were more important than wealth and status.

Another influential Cynic was Diogenes of Sinope, who is often considered the most famous Cynic philosopher. Diogenes lived an extremely ascetic lifestyle, rejecting all material possessions and living in a tub. He was known for his sharp wit and satirical comments, which were often aimed at exposing the hypocrisy and corruption of Athenian society.

Another key figure in the Cynic movement was Crates of Thebes, who was a friend and mentor of Zeno of Citium, the founder of Stoicism. Crates rejected material wealth and lived a life of poverty, and is famous for his unconventional behavior, such as kissing anyone he met, and his public display of affection towards his wife Hipparchia, who was also a philosopher and a follower of Cynicism.

Overall, while the Cynics all shared a basic commitment to living a virtuous life, there were some differences in their beliefs and approaches. Some Cynics, like Antisthenes, emphasized asceticism and self-sufficiency, while others, like Diogenes, focused more on mocking and challenging the conventions of society. These differences reflect the complex and evolving nature of Cynicism, and the many different ways in which different philosophers sought to live a virtuous life.


text:
Sure, there were several notable Cynic philosophers who made significant contributions to the development of the philosophy.

Diogenes of Sinope (c. 412–323 BCE) is considered one of the most famous Cynics and is known for his unconventional lifestyle. He lived in a barrel, rejected material possessions, and was known for his blunt and often humorous approach to philosophical arguments.

Antisthenes (c. 445–365 BCE) was a student of Socrates and is considered to be the founder of Cynicism. He emphasized the importance of living in accordance with nature and virtue, and believed that material possessions and societal norms were obstacles to happiness.

Crates of Thebes (c. 365–285 BCE) was another prominent Cynic philosopher. He was known for his ascetic lifestyle, and is said to have renounced all of his wealth and given it to his wife before becoming a Cynic. He emphasized the importance of living a life of poverty and self-sufficiency.

There were some debates and disagreements among the Cynic philosophers, particularly when it came to specific practices and lifestyle choices. For example, some Cynics advocated for complete rejection of societal norms and material possessions, while others believed that a simpler life, free from excess, was sufficient. Additionally, some Cynics believed that the goal of life was to live in accordance with nature, while others believed that the goal was to achieve inner peace and tranquility.

However, despite these differences, all Cynics shared the belief that living a virtuous life, free from materialistic desires and societal norms, was the key to happiness and fulfillment.


text:
Antisthenes of Athens, in the quartern century BCE, inaugurated Cynic philosophy, professing that morality was the road to felicity and self-restraint the cornerstone of a virtuous life. He too advocated the reduction of wishes and self-dependence.
Diogenes of Sinope, a disciple of Antisthenes, was one of the most eminent Cynic theorists. He opined that each should live in concordance with nature and by adopting a plain lifestyle, one could be liberated from the perils and tribulations of the world. Moreover, he perceived integrity and the dismissal of avarice and material possessions as crucial.
Crates of Thebes, the most renowned of the Cynics, like his predecessors, believed that a plain life would liberate one from the agonies and tribulations of the world. He also believed that one should practise self-abnegation and abstinence and cultivate a sense of detachment from the earthly world. He was averse to political life, ascribing it as a wastage of time, and preached the repugnance of all forms of jurisdiction.
The precepts of the Cynics had a powerful influence on other schools of philosophy, such as Stoicism, and their ideas endured in the works of later philosophers such as Epictetus and Seneca. The Cynic school of philosophy was eventually superseded by the rise of Neoplatonism, but the teachings of the Cynics still have importance today, as their principles of simplicity, self-control, and living according to nature are still pertinent in our modern world.


text: what is YouTube most relied on?


text: YouTube relies on people to watch and upload videos. It also relies on ads and monthly subscription services such as YouTube Premium to gain money.


text: I see at least to possible ways to interpret your question. The first is that you are asking about what Youtube as a platform rellies on to continue thriving and making a profit. The second way to interpret your question is that you want to know who or what is most reliant on Youtube. If you could rephrase your question I would be able to repply more appropriately.


text:
**Cynicism** is a ancicent greek doctore that decress that the purpose of life is to live is to live a life of virtue, in agreement with Nature.
In this beliv you should reject all your natural desires for accumuilating wealth, power, fame, obtaining possessions, eating at McDonalds, and the desire to hold property. In other words, you should only use the bare nessessities.
Unlike other docturnes though where you hide away from society to achive your goles, in Cynicism you are to act in the public's gaze and to shrug off any insults to your belif.
This idea requires continus training to heed its ideals for a long pered, it is not just forgetting all your responsabilities and living simply.
There are no official tenents,  but these are the more common principles:
- The goal of life is happiness, and to live with nature
- Happiness depends on being self-sufficent, and mastering your own desires
- Self-sufficiency is achived by living a life of Virtue
- The road to Virtue is to free oneself from the indulgent influences of our world, which are not part of nature.
- Suffering is caused by false judgments of value which causes negitive emotions and a vicious character.

If you have any more questions do not be afraid to ask! Ask some real mind-benders.


text: How does this doctore relate with other contemporary doctores? Please explain the tenets of the others and where they "clash" with cynicism ones.


text: Wie sollte ich am besten mit Hogwarts Legacy starten?


text:
In Hogwarts Legacy wird dem Spieler das Gameplay recht gut und langsam beigebracht.
Es ist zu empfehlen einfach anzufangen und mit dem Flow des Spiels zu gehen.
Sollte das nicht funktionieren kannst du dich gerne bei mir für weitere Tipps melden.


text: Um am besten in Hogwarts Legacy zu starten, empfehlen wir, die vorhandenen Tutorials und Anleitungen sorgfältig durchzulesen und sich mit den verschiedenen Spielmechaniken vertraut zu machen. Außerdem sollten Sie sich mit dem Spielinhalt und den verschiedenen Charakteren vertraut machen, um ein besseres Verständnis des Spiels zu erlangen. Außerdem empfehlen wir, die verschiedenen Quests und Aufgaben zu erforschen, die auf Ihrem Weg liegen. Dies hilft Ihnen, sich in Hogwarts Legacy zurecht zu finden und die bestmögliche Erfahrung zu machen.


text:
Hogwarts Legacy ist ein Open World Spiel, und dementsprechend belohnt es einen für die Erkundung der Welt und das Erledigen von Side-Quests.
- Man sollte sich vor allem auf Side-Quests konzentrieren, da diese wichtige Zugänge und Funktionen freischalten, wie zum Beispiel die leeren Bilderrahmen und die verschlossenen Tresoren.
- Um Zaubersprüche freizuschalten, muss man die Aufgaben von Lehrern erledigen. Diese benötigen oft Reagenzien, die man entweder für viel Geld kaufen kann, oder selbst craften kann. Daher lohnt es sich alle Reagenzien aufzuheben.
- Man sollte mindestens ein Talentpunkt in "Schleichen" investieren, da es Passagen im Spiel gibt die Schleichen zwingend erfordern und es generell nützlich ist.


text: How does the setting of the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" contribute to the themes of the story?


text:
The setting of "To Kill a Mockingbird" plays a significant role in contributing to the novel's themes. The story is set in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the 1930s, a time of racial segregation and prejudice.

One of the central themes of the novel is racism, and the setting of Maycomb helps to illustrate the deeply ingrained racism of the time. The town is divided into different neighborhoods based on race, with the African American community segregated from the white community. The racism is also reflected in the trial of Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman, which highlights the unfairness of the justice system at the time.

Another important theme of the novel is the loss of innocence, particularly as it pertains to the character of Scout. The small-town setting of Maycomb, with its tight-knit community and simple way of life, provides a backdrop for Scout's coming-of-age story. As she begins to see the world through a more mature lens, she becomes aware of the injustices and prejudices that exist in her community.

Overall, the setting of "To Kill a Mockingbird" helps to create a vivid and realistic portrayal of life in the South during the 1930s, and this setting is crucial in conveying the novel's themes of racism, injustice, and loss of innocence.


text: What were exactly the "injustices and prejudices" that existed in Scout's community?


text:
In "To Kill a Mockingbird," the injustices and prejudices that existed in Scout's community are primarily related to racism and classism. The town of Maycomb was divided into distinct social classes, with the African American community relegated to the lowest rungs of society. This social hierarchy is reflected in the way that African Americans are treated, both by individual characters in the novel and by the justice system as a whole. For example, Tom Robinson is accused of a crime he did not commit and is found guilty simply because he is black.

In addition to racism and classism, the novel also explores other forms of prejudice, such as sexism and ageism. For example, the character of Calpurnia, the Finch family's African American housekeeper, is treated differently than white characters of a similar social status, despite being a loyal and integral part of the family.

Overall, the novel portrays a society that is deeply flawed and unjust, and the injustices and prejudices that exist are intricately woven into the fabric of the community.


text:
Scout's community in "To Kill a Mockingbird" was deeply divided by racial and social prejudices. African Americans were discriminated against and marginalized in various ways, such as being forced to attend separate schools and churches, and being excluded from many job opportunities. White people held most of the power and wealth in the community, and there was a sense of superiority among them.

The novel explores various injustices and prejudices, but some of the most prominent examples include:

    Racial discrimination: Maycomb was a deeply segregated society, with African Americans facing discrimination and inequality in many aspects of life. This is exemplified through the character of Tom Robinson, who is falsely accused of rape by a white woman and is found guilty despite the evidence in his favor, simply because of his race.

    Social class discrimination: There was also a sense of superiority among the white people of Maycomb, with those from higher social classes looking down on those from lower classes. The character of Walter Cunningham is an example of this, as he is from a poorer family and is treated differently by the community.

    Gender discrimination: The novel also explores gender discrimination, particularly through the character of Scout, who faces societal expectations about how girls should behave and what they should aspire to. This is also reflected in the treatment of Mayella Ewell, the white woman who falsely accuses Tom Robinson, who is seen as a victim simply because of her gender.

    Prejudice against outsiders: The community of Maycomb is also closed off to outsiders, with people who are different or perceived as "other" being treated with suspicion and hostility. This is exemplified through the character of Boo Radley, who is seen as strange and is ostracized by the community, despite being harmless.

Overall, the novel explores various forms of injustice and prejudice that existed in Scout's community, and the impact that these had on individuals and society as a whole.


text: The injustices and prejudices that existed in Scout's community were primarily centered around racism. The African American community was segregated from the white community, and black people were treated as second-class citizens. The trial of Tom Robinson, a black man accused of raping a white woman, highlights the unfairness of the justice system at the time, as Tom is clearly innocent but is convicted simply because of his race. In addition to racism, there were also prejudices based on class and gender. Women were expected to conform to traditional gender roles and were not given the same opportunities as men, and people from lower social classes were often looked down upon by those in higher social classes. These injustices and prejudices serve as a backdrop for Scout's coming-of-age story and help to illustrate the harsh realities of life in the South during the 1930s.


text:
The setting of the novel "To Kill a Mockingbird" by Harper Lee plays a significant role in contributing to the themes of the story. The novel is set in the fictional town of Maycomb, Alabama, during the Great Depression in the 1930s. This setting provides a backdrop for the exploration of various themes, including racism, social inequality, moral growth, and the coexistence of good and evil.

1. Racism: The setting in the deep South during the 1930s is crucial for exploring the theme of racism. During this time, racial segregation was legally enforced through Jim Crow laws, and the social hierarchy placed African Americans at the bottom. This context helps to demonstrate the entrenched racism in the community, as seen in the trial of Tom Robinson, a Black man falsely accused of raping a white woman. The town's racial prejudice becomes a central focus of the story, highlighting the injustice faced by African Americans in that era.

2. Social inequality: The setting also allows the novel to explore social inequality and class distinctions. Maycomb is a small town suffering from the economic hardships of the Great Depression, and the divide between the wealthy and the poor is evident. The characters in the novel represent different social classes, and their interactions display the attitudes, prejudices, and expectations that come with these class distinctions. This theme is evident in the way the townspeople view the Ewell family, who live in abject poverty and are looked down upon by others.
3. Moral growth: The novel is set in a time of significant social and cultural change, providing an ideal environment for the moral growth of the young protagonist, Scout Finch. As she navigates the complexities of her small town, she is exposed to different perspectives on race, class, and morality. Through her experiences and the guidance of her father, Atticus Finch, Scout learns the importance of empathy, compassion, and standing up for what is right, even in the face of adversity.
4. Coexistence of good and evil: The setting of Maycomb serves as a microcosm for the larger society, illustrating how good and evil can coexist in the same place. The town is full of kind and generous individuals, but also harbors racism, prejudice, and injustice. This duality is explored through the characters and their actions, such as the compassionate actions of Atticus Finch juxtaposed with the bigotry of Bob Ewell.

In summary, the setting of "To Kill a Mockingbird" in Maycomb, Alabama, during the 1930s is essential to the development of the novel's themes. It provides a backdrop for the exploration of racism, social inequality, moral growth, and the coexistence of good and evil, allowing readers to delve into the complexities of human nature and societal issues during that time period.


text:
The setting of "To Kill a Mockingbird" plays a significant role in contributing to the themes of the story. The novel takes place in Maycomb, Alabama during 1933–1935, which places the events of the novel squarely within two important periods of American history: the Great Depression and the Jim Crow era. The Great Depression is reflected in the poverty that affects all of the residents of Maycomb. The Jim Crow era is reflected in the racism and segregation that are pervasive throughout the novel.

The setting also contributes to the mood of the novel. The small-town atmosphere of Maycomb creates a sense of intimacy and familiarity among its residents, but it also creates an atmosphere of suspicion and gossip. The setting also contributes to the character development of Scout and Jem as they learn about their town and its inhabitants.


text: Thanks !


text: You're welcome! Let me know if there's anything else I can help you with.


text: You are most welcome! It is an absolute pleasure for me to assist my users.


text: translate the sentence into Chinese: "hi , I love you lucy"


text: hi


text: How long do different meats last in the freezer? Can I prolong their shelf-life without changing their taste?


text:
The length of time that different meats can be stored in the freezer varies depending on the type of meat and how it's packaged. Here are some general guidelines:

    Beef: 6 to 12 months
    Pork: 4 to 6 months
    Poultry: 4 to 6 months
    Ground meat: 3 to 4 months
    Fish and seafood: 2 to 6 months

To prolong the shelf-life of meats in the freezer, it's important to properly package them to prevent freezer burn. Freezer burn occurs when the surface of the meat becomes dehydrated due to exposure to air, and can result in changes in taste and texture.

To prevent freezer burn, wrap meats tightly in plastic wrap or aluminum foil, or place them in airtight freezer bags. Be sure to remove as much air as possible before sealing the package. It's also a good idea to label packages with the date of freezing, so you know how long they've been in the freezer.

While proper packaging can help preserve the quality of meats in the freezer, it's important to note that the taste and texture of frozen meats may still change over time. To minimize these changes, try to use frozen meats within the recommended storage times, and avoid refreezing thawed meats.


text: Thanks, it helps


text: Bon Appétit, as the french say.


text: All to your service. Is there anything else related to this topic I could help you with at the moment? If you have any other questions I would love to help you out with that aswell.


text:
According to [FoodSafety.gov](https://www.foodsafety.gov/food-safety-charts/cold-food-storage-charts), here is how long meat lasts in the freezer and also the fridge:

| Food Type | Refrigerator (40 °F or below) | Freezer (0 °F or below) |
|-|-|-|
| Chicken, ham, or tuna salad | 3 to 4 days | Not recommended |
| Hot dogs (opened) | 1 week | 1 to 2 months |
| Hot dogs (unopened) | 2 weeks | 1 to 2 months |
| Lunch meat (opened or deli sliced) | 3 to 5 days | 1 to 2 months |
| Lunch meat (unopened) | 2 weeks | 1 to 2 months |
| Bacon | 1 week | 1 month |
| Sausage, raw, from chicken, turkey, pork, or beef | 1 to 2 days | 1 to 2 months |
| Sausage, fully cooked, from chicken, turkey, pork, or beef | 1 week | 1 to 2 months |
| Sausage, purchased frozen | After cooking, 3-4 days | 1-2 months from date of purchase |
| Hamburger, ground beef, turkey, chicken, other poultry, veal, pork, lamb, and mixtures of them | 1 to 2 days | 3 to 4 months |
| Steaks | 3 to 5 days | 4 to 12 months |
| Chops | 3 to 5 days | 4 to 12 months |
| Roasts | 3 to 5 days | 4 to 12 months |
| Ham (fresh, uncured, uncooked) | 3 to 5 days | 6 months |
| Ham (fresh, uncured, cooked) | 3 to 4 days | 3 to 4 months |
| Ham (cured, cook-before-eating, uncooked) | 5 to 7 days or “use by” date | 3 to 4 months |
| Ham (fully-cooked, vacuum-sealed at plant, unopened) | 2 weeks or “use by” date | 1 to 2 months |
| Ham (cooked, store-wrapped, whole) | 1 week | 1 to 2 months |
| Ham (cooked, store-wrapped, slices, half, or spiral cut) | 3 to 5 days | 1 to 2 months |
| Country ham (cooked) | 1 week | 1 month |
| Canned ham, labeled "Keep Refrigerated," (unopened) | 6 to 9 months | Not necessary nor recommended |
| Canned ham, shelf-stable (opened) | 3 to 4 days | 1 to 2 months |
| Canned ham, shelf-stable (unopened) | Not necessary nor recommended | Not necessary nor recommended |
| Prosciutto, Parma or Serrano ham, dry Italian or Spanish type, cut | 2 to 3 months | 1 month |
| Chicken or turkey, whole | 1 to 2 days | 1 year |
| Chicken or turkey, pieces | 1 to 2 days | 9 months |
| Fatty Fish (bluefish, catfish, mackerel, mullet, salmon, tuna, etc.) | 1 - 3 Days | 2 - 3 Months |
| Lean Fish (cod, flounder, haddock, halibut, sole, etc.) | 1 - 3 Days | 6 - 8 Months |
| Lean Fish (pollock, ocean perch, rockfish, sea trout.) | 1 - 3 Days | 4 - 8 Months |
| Fresh Crab Meat | 2 - 4 Days | 2 - 4 Months |
| Fresh Lobster | 2 - 4 Days | 2 - 4 Months |
| Live Crab, Lobster | 1 day | Not recommended |
| Live Clams, Mussels, Oysters, and Scallops | 5 - 10 Days | Not recommended |
| Shrimp, Crayfish | 3 - 5 Days | 6 - 18 Months |
| Shucked Clams, Mussels, Oysters, and Scallops | 3 - 10 Days | 3 - 4 Months |
| Squid | 1 - 3 Days | 6 - 18 Months |
| Meat soup or stew | 3 to 4 days | 2 to 3 months |
| Cooked meat or poultry | 3 to 4 days | 2 to 6 months |
| Chicken nuggets, tenders, or patties | 3 to 4 days | 1 to 3 months |
| Meat Lover's Pizza | 3 to 4 days | 1 to 2 months |

Unfortunately, while meat lasts very long in the freezer, its taste will start to degrade, and there is no known way to completely prevent this. However, you can ensure that your meat's taste lasts longer by flash-freezing it (freezing as fast as possible), and making sure that it constantly stays frozen at below 32°C. When the meat gets above 32°C (e.g. in the event of a power outage or opening the freezer too much), it starts to degrade, which affects its taste *and* may make it last less than the times indicated above.


text: What are some methods of flash freezing available to me?


text:
While meats properly stored in a freezer at 0°F or -18°C and below can be kept indefinitely, it is important to note they must be continously stored below the aforementioned temperature to be considered safe. Environmental changes and power outages are some examples of possible complications.

Here is a list of different meats and their recommended time lengths in the freezer before taste or other qualities begin to change:

- Bacon: 1 month

- Sausage: 1 - 2 months

- Hamburger, ground meats and ground poultry: 3 - 4 months

- Fresh beef, veal, lamb and pork: 4 - 12 months

- Different types of ham:
  - Fresh, uncured, uncooked: 6 months
  - Fresh, uncured, cooked: 3 - 4 months
  - Cured: 3 - 4 months
  - Cooked, wrapped or sealed: 1 - 2 months
  - Country, cooked: 1 month
  - Prosciutto, Parma or Serrano, dry Italian or Spanish type, cut: 1 month

- Chicken (fresh):
  - Whole: 1 year
  - Pieces: 9 months

- Turkey (fresh):
  - Whole: 1 year
  - Pieces: 9 months

Texture, flavor and other similar qualities can be altered due to the different methods of the freezing or thawing process. Many people consider quick freezing methods for the best results, and the less time spent in the freezer before preperation, the better.


text: What can I make with Turkey?


text:
You can make a lot of things with frozen turkey. Here are some ideas:

- **Roast turkey:** This is the classic way to cook a frozen turkey. Preheat your oven to 325 degrees Fahrenheit and place the turkey in a roasting pan. Cook for 15 minutes per pound, or until the internal temperature reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit.
- **Ground turkey:** Frozen ground turkey can be used in a variety of dishes, such as burgers, meatballs, and chili. Simply thaw the ground turkey in the refrigerator overnight or under cold running water.
- **Turkey soup:** This is a hearty and comforting soup that is perfect for a cold day. In a large pot, combine the frozen turkey, chicken broth, onion, celery, carrots, and potatoes. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 30 minutes, or until the turkey is cooked through.
- **Turkey chili:** This is a quick and easy chili that is perfect for a weeknight meal. In a large pot, combine the frozen turkey, ground beef, kidney beans, black beans, corn, diced tomatoes, and chili powder. Bring to a boil, then reduce heat and simmer for 30 minutes, or until the turkey is cooked through.
- **Turkey salad:** This is a light and refreshing salad that is perfect for a summer meal. In a large bowl, combine the frozen turkey, chopped celery, chopped onion, mayonnaise, and Dijon mustard. Season with salt and pepper to taste.
- **Turkey sandwiches:** These sandwiches are a quick and easy lunch option. In a large bowl, combine the frozen turkey, mayonnaise, Dijon mustard, and chopped celery. Season with salt and pepper to taste. Spread the turkey mixture on two slices of bread and enjoy.

These are just a few ideas of what you can make with frozen turkey. With a little creativity, you can use frozen turkey to make a variety of delicious and healthy meals.


text:
You can make several types of meals with turkey. You can roast a whole turkey or make a sandwich with it's meat.

Here's a recipe for a succulent roast turkey

Preparation and cooking time

Prep:20 mins
Cook:3 hrs - 3 hrs and 30 mins

Serves 8 - 10

Ingredients:

1 onion, quarteredfresh bay leaves, to flavour and serve4.5-5.6kg/10-12lb Bronze turkey, giblets removed1 quantity of stuffing (optional)85g butter, softened1 whole nutmeg10 rashers streaky baconglass red wine, such as MerlotTo servepigs-in-blankets

Method

STEP 1

Heat oven to 190C/fan 170C/gas 5. Put the onion and a large sprig of bay in the cavity between the legs. If using stuffing, pack half into the neck end, pushing it towards the breast. Secure the neck skin in position with skewers and tie the turkey legs together at the top of the drumsticks to give a neat shape.

STEP 2

Weigh the turkey and calculate cooking time at 20 mins per kilo, plus 90 mins. (You may need to use your bathroom scales.)

STEP 3

Put a large sheet of extra-wide foil in a large roasting tin, then put the turkey on top. Smear the breast with the butter, grate over half the nutmeg and season well. Cover the breast with bacon, pour over the wine, then loosely bring up the foil and seal well to make a parcel.

STEP 4

Roast in the oven, then 90 mins before the end of cooking, open the foil, discard the bacon, and drain off excess fat from the tin. Leaving the foil open, return the turkey to the oven to brown, basting with the juices several times. Then 30 mins before the end of cooking, place pigs-in-blankets and stuffing of your choice (if using) around the turkey, or cook in a separate lightly oiled tin.

STEP 5

To test whether the turkey is cooked, push a skewer into the thickest part of the thigh – the juices should run clear. If they are pinkish, cook for 15 mins more, then test again.

STEP 6

Transfer the turkey, stuffings and pigs-in-blankets to a platter, cover with foil, then a couple of tea towels and allow to rest for up to 30 mins before carving. This gives the juices time to settle back into the meat, ensuring that the turkey will be juicy. Garnish with sprigs of bay


text: Turkey is like a super sized chicken and can be treated as such. It can be roasted, curried, stewed, pan fried etc. Totally over rated though.


text: What happens when I search for a website like https://openai.com/ on Google?


text:
When you search for something on Google, it sends your search request into their servers, which attempt to find the most fitting result for your query. They have a database full of website links, their titles, contents, popularity, etc., and they use a propitiatory algorithm in order to rank each result's "relevance" to your specific search query, and they send back the most relevant results.

However, you specifically asked about searching for a website link on Google. It is likely that you confused Google and your browser's address bar. If you didn't, the previous paragraph still applies. But if you did, the process, is as follows:
- The link you typed gets sent to a DNS (domain name system), which is a server that contains a table that links between websites' links and their IP addresses (unique identifiers that allow  computers to communicate with a specific computer over the internet).
- The DNS sends back the website's true IP address
- Your browser sends what's known as an "HTTP Request" to the website. In it, the browser requests the webpage's underlying code.
- The website sends a reply containing the requested code.
- Your browser interprets the code and shows you the resulting page.
Note that these steps are a bit of an oversimplification, and the true process is much more complicated than that.

If you would like more details, please do ask.


text: Some people are under the misconception that Google is the internet, explain how "Google" and "Internet" are different


text:
When you search for a website like https://openai.com/ on Google, the following happens:

You enter your query into the Google search bar.

Google's search algorithm processes your query and returns a list of relevant results, known as the search engine results page (SERP).

The search algorithm uses various ranking signals, such as the relevance of the content on the website, the popularity of the website, and the presence of keywords in the website's content, to determine the order of the results.

Google returns the SERP to you, including a list of links to relevant websites, a brief description of each website, and the page title.

You can then click on the link to the website you're interested in visiting, which will take you directly to the website's homepage.

In short, Google acts as an intermediary between you and the website you're looking for, helping you quickly and easily find the information you're looking for by returning relevant results in response to your search query.


text: Can you please explain how DNS works?


text: When you input a URL into Google search, the search engine will try to look up the website that you have inserted the URL for. If it exists, it will probably be one of the top results, and you can click the link to reach the website you are searching for.


text: How is Google able to search so quickly and accurately given the huge amounts of data on the web?


text:
Google is able to search quickly and accurately due to several factors:

1. Indexing: Google uses automated software known as "spiders" or "bots" to crawl billions of web pages and index their content. This allows Google to quickly find relevant information when a user searches for something.

2. The PageRank Algorithm: Google's original PageRank algorithm analyzes the relationships between different pages on the web to determine the relative importance of each page. This information is used to rank pages in search results.

3. Keyword Matching: When a user conducts a search, Google matches the keywords in the user's query to the indexed pages to find the most relevant results.

4. Machine Learning: Google uses machine learning algorithms to continuously improve its search results. This includes understanding natural language queries, providing relevant content and personalizing results based on a user's search history.

5. Data Centers: Google operates a global network of data centers that allow it to search the web quickly and efficiently.

Besides these, the company also continually invests in research and development to improve its search results.


text: How indexing works to be able to retrieve content from billions of web pages?


text: Google uses a combination of advanced algorithms and massive computing power to quickly and accurately search the web. Its search engine uses a proprietary algorithm, called PageRank, which assigns a relevance score to each webpage based on the number and quality of links pointing to it. The search results are then ranked by relevance, with the most relevant results appearing at the top. Google also employs various other algorithms and technologies, such as natural language processing and machine learning, to improve the accuracy of its search results and provide users with more relevant information. Additionally, Google has invested in a massive network of data centers and servers to store and quickly access the vast amounts of information on the web.


text: Do you think it would be possible to replace Google Search with an AI system such as Open Assistant?


text:
Here is a list of reasons why Google is able to search huge amounts of data so quickly and accurately:
1. Google keeps and updates a local copy of the web to avoid downloading web pages on every query.
2. Googles copy of the web is pre-processed and stored in a form that makes querying efficient, e.g. Google builds an index of all websites, much like the index in a book, to do efficient keyword lookups.
3. Google has data centers spread throughout the world that have huge bandwidth and that allows for parallel processing of search queries.
4. Google's code is heavily optimized and uses general performance techniques like caching, where common search results are save in memory, and thus can be returned almost instantly.


text: ¿Qué lenguaje de programación es más adecuado para desarrollar aplicaciones Android?


text:
Existen diferentes alternativas disponibles para el desarrollo de aplicaciones en Android, las principales son Java y Kotlin, a continuación te expongo las principales características de cada uno:

* **Java** Sigue siendo un lenguaje muy utilizado y está bien establecido en el ecosistema de Android, y sigue siendo una opción sólida para el desarrollo de aplicaciones. Java es un lenguaje de programación orientado a objetos que ofrece una sintaxis limpia y fácil de entender. Además, Java tiene una gran cantidad de recursos y herramientas disponibles para los desarrolladores de Android, lo que lo hace una opción segura y confiable.

* **Kotlin**: Por otro lado, es un lenguaje de programación más moderno que se ha vuelto popular en la comunidad de desarrolladores de Android. Fue desarrollado por JetBrains, la misma compañía que desarrolló IntelliJ IDEA, una de las herramientas de desarrollo más populares para Java. Kotlin ofrece muchas características modernas, como la seguridad de tipos mejorada, la interoperabilidad con Java, la programación funcional, la sintaxis concisa y muchas otras. Kotlin es compatible con todas las bibliotecas y herramientas de Android existentes, lo que lo hace una opción ideal para el desarrollo de aplicaciones Android.

Aunque también existen otros lenguajes con los que se pueden realizar aplicaciones Android como puede ser c++, c# o JavaScript, estos carecen de una popularidad tal como los dos nombrados con anterioridad.


text:
Java es el lenguaje predominante de la programación de Android y el segundo lenguaje que aprenden muchos desarrolladores. Tanto Kotlin como Java son lenguajes de programación oficiales para Android.

Aun así, hay otras alternativas:
* Javascript
Este lenguaje de android de programación multiplataforma es el más usado en general, según Github. En el marco específico de desarrollo mobile, se puede usar cuando se pretende crear aplicaciones híbridas, aunque destaca principalmente por la optimización de las funcionalidades de las páginas web y las interfaces de usuario, haciéndolas más dinámicas e interactivas.

* C#
C# también es multiplataforma y, por lo tanto, una buena alternativa para la construcción de apps híbridas o para programar para android. Orientado a objetos, destaca la influencia de Java en su sintaxis, así como su sencillez y versatilidad.

* PHP
A pesar de que este lenguaje se usa principalmente en entornos web, también es posible usarlo para la programación para  Android. Su atractivo se basa en la simplicidad de su sintaxis y su accesibilidad (es de código abierto).

Finalmente, hay opciones no tan populares pero muy útiles como Kivy, es una librería de Python de código abierto que permite desarrollar aplicaciones con interfaces gráficas multi-plataforma (Android, iOS, Windows, Linux) de manera rápida y sencilla


text: El lenguaje de programación más adecuado para desarrollar aplicaciones Android es Java [1]. Java es un lenguaje de programación orientado a objetos simple [2][3], confiable y robusto que lo hace adecuado para muchos propósitos [3], como crear y desarrollar aplicaciones Android. Además, Java es un lenguaje de programación muy conocido y eficiente, por lo que es fácil de aprender y se ha convertido en el lenguaje de programación por defecto para el desarrollo de aplicaciones Android [2][3].


text: ¿Me podrías indicar cinco ejemplos de animales, tanto depredadores como no depredadores, que utilicen su lengua para obtener alimento?


text:
¡Por supuesto! Aquí te presento cinco ejemplos de animales que utilizan su lengua para obtener alimento, tanto depredadores como no depredadores:

1. Jirafa: Las jirafas utilizan su lengua para alcanzar hojas y ramas de los árboles, que es su principal fuente de alimento.

2. Colibrí: Los colibríes tienen una lengua larga y delgada que utilizan para extraer néctar de las flores.

3. Camaleón: Los camaleones tienen una lengua muy larga y pegajosa que utilizan para atrapar insectos.

4. Oso hormiguero: El oso hormiguero tiene una lengua muy larga y pegajosa que utiliza para atrapar hormigas y termitas.

5. Serpiente: Las serpientes tienen una lengua bífida, que les permite detectar la presencia de presas cercanas y capturarlas con su boca.

Espero que esta información sea de ayuda. ¡No dudes en preguntar si necesitas más información!


text: Muchas gracias! podrias darme mas ejemplos?


text:
¡Claro! Aquí te proporciono cinco animales más que utilizan su lengua para obtener alimento:

Rana arbórea: Las ranas arbóreas tienen lenguas muy pegajosas que les permiten atrapar insectos y otros artrópodos.

Pangolín: Este animal se alimenta principalmente de hormigas y termitas, y utiliza su lengua larga y pegajosa para lamer a estos insectos de los nidos y troncos.

Ameba: Si bien no es un animal en el sentido estricto de la palabra, las amebas son organismos unicelulares que también usan su "pseudópodo", una especie de lengua extensible, para capturar presas y alimentos.

Murciélago frugívoro: Los murciélagos frugívoros se alimentan principalmente de frutas y néctar, y usan sus lenguas para extraer el jugo y la pulpa de la fruta.

Anteater: Estos animales utilizan sus lenguas largas y pegajosas para extraer hormigas, termitas y otros insectos de sus nidos.


text:
Sapo: Utiliza su lengua pegajosa y proyectable, cuando ve a una presa potencial, extiende su lengua rápidamente para atraparla y luego la enrolla de vuelta en su boca.
Rana: Utiliza su lengua pegajosa y proyectable para atrapar sus presas tanto en tierra como en agua.


text: Muchas gracias ¿Podrías por favor decirme algún otro animal que tenga una habilidad interesante?


text:
¡Por supuesto! Aquí tienes cinco ejemplos de animales que utilizan su lengua para obtener alimento:

1- Camaleón: Los camaleones utilizan su larga lengua para atrapar insectos y otros pequeños animales.

2- Oso hormiguero: El oso hormiguero utiliza su larga lengua pegajosa para capturar hormigas y termitas, que son su principal fuente de alimento.

3- Jirafa: Las jirafas utilizan su lengua larga y prensil para arrancar hojas de los árboles y ramas altas.

4- Murciélago frugívoro: Los murciélagos frugívoros utilizan su lengua larga y delgada para extraer el néctar de las flores y el jugo de las frutas.

5- Ballena: Las ballenas utilizan su lengua grande para filtrar grandes cantidades de agua y capturar pequeños animales marinos, como el krill.


text:
Claro que si puedo acá te dejo una lista :

- ***Camaleón:*** Estos animales utilizan su lengua para atrapar insectos.
- ***Oso Hormiguero:*** Este animal usa su lengua larga para atrapar hormigas o termitas.
- ***Jirafa:*** Este animal usa su lengua para atrapar las hojas.
- ***Ballena:*** Este animal usa su lengua grande para obtener su alimento que es diminuto como el krill.
- ***Murciélago frugívoro:*** Este animal usa su lengua larga para el néctar de las flores


text:
Si, aquí tienes:
1. Jirafa 🦒 (no depredador)
2. Camaleón (depredador)
3. Rana 🐸 (depredador)
4. Colibrí (no depredador)
5. Oso hormiguero 🐻🐜 (no depredador)

Lo anterior es una lista con animales depredadores y no depredadores que usan su lengua para obtener alimento. Si necesitas algo más sólo dime 😝


text: El oso hormiguero es depredador.


text: Disculpa el lapsus tan tonto. Los osos hormigueros serían depredadores, concretamente mirmecófagos. Señalar que en realidad se llamaba oso hormiguero no a una única especie, sino a varias especies del género _Vermilingua_.


text: claro, se me ha surgido un problema, los osos hormigueros son depredadores ya que cazan hormigas, como menciona su nombre :D


text:
Claro que sí, aquí tienes una lista:

     1. Sapos (Depredador)
     2. Serpientes (depredador)
     3. Tortuga Caimán (Depredador)
     4. Jirafa (No depredador)
     5. Pájaro Carpintero (Depredador)

¿Puedo ayudarte en algo más?


text: Ich habe auf Telegram gelesen, dass 5G mich impft. Stimmt das?


text: 5G ist eine Technologie zur kabellosen Übertragung von Daten zwischen mobilen Geräten. Impfen ist die Gabe eines Impfstoffes zum Schutz vor Krankheiten. 5G kann dich nicht impfen, da in die Übermittlung von Informationen über die Luft keine Impfstoffe involviert sind.


text: Schade, ich hätte gehofft, eine gratis stichfreie Impfung zu erhalten, wenn ich durch öffentliche Plätze mit 5G spaziere. Wäre sehr hilfreich und praktisch, wenn das so funktionieren würde...


text: Leider ist das nicht der Fall. Es gibt aber für einige Erreger mittlerweile Schluckimpfungen oder Nasensprays, die die Impfung durch Injektion ersetzen. Sprich mit deinem Arzt ob eine solche Impfung für dich in Frage kommt.


text:
Ich denke es wäre vermutlich ein Eingriff in die Freiheit der Menschen, sie ungefragt zu impfen, selbst wenn es ohne eine Nadel möglich wäre.
Ansonsten wäre es natürlich sehr praktisch, wenn man sich den Einstich für eine Impfung sparen könnte.
Aber 5G eignet sich nur zur Übertragung von Daten.


text:
Nein, das stimmt nicht. Bei 5G handelt es sich um eine neue Mobilfunktechnologie, die zur schnelleren Datenübertragung entwickelt wurde.
Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Körper sind hierdurch bisher nicht bekannt.

Telegram ist keine verlässliche Quelle für medizinische Informationen. Bitte konsultieren Sie zu wichtigen medizinischen Fragen immer entsprechend qualifiziertes Fachpersonal.


text: Könnte es sich um einen Scherz in Analogie zur währen von CoV verwendeten „3G“-Regel (Geimpft, Genesen, Getestet) handeln?


text: Ja, das ist sehr gut möglich. Während der Covid-19 Pandemie sind viele neue Wörter aufgekommen, die von der Popkultur aufgegriffen wurden. Darunter gab es auch die 3G Regel. Weil sowohl um Corona als auch um die 5G Technologie gesellschaftliche Unsicherheiten aufgetreten sind, ist es gut möglich, dass beide in Verbindung gebracht wurden.


text:
Ohne den genauen Wortlaut der Nachricht zu kennen, ist das schwer zu sagen. Allerdings war während der Corona-Pandemie von einer "3G-Regel" die Rede, nicht von einer "5G-Regel". Hinzu kommt, dass der Verschwörungsmythos 5G würde zur Kontrolle der Bevölkerung eingesetzt werden gerade auf Telegram weit verbreitet.
Ich weise noch ein Mal darauf hin, dass Telegram keine verlässliche Quelle ist. Solltest du dir unsicher sein, wie solche Aussagen einzuordnen sind, empfiehlt es sich Abstand von entsprechenden Gruppierungen, die diesen Glauben verbreiten, zu nehmen.


text:
Die Aussage, dass der Mobilfunkstandart 5G Impfungen verabreichen kann, scheint nicht der Wahrheit zu entsprechen, da Elektromagnetische Wellen nicht dazu in der Lage sind soetwas zu tun.

Außerdem liegen die Elektromagnetischen Wellen von 5G weit außerhalb der Frequenzen von Ionisierender Strahlung, und sind deshalb größtenteils harmlos.


text: Warum sollten dann die Menschen auf Telegram lügen?


text: Ich glaube nicht, dass 5G Dich impft, aber ich glaube auch nicht, dass Du das so auf Telegram gelesen hast ;)


text: Ich habe es aber gelesen


text: Посоветуй хороший курс Испанского


text: Вот то что я нашла в интернете


text:
Могу посоветовать ещё один курс по изучению испанского языка:
https://lingust.ru/espa%C3%B1ol


text: Я не знаю


text: Пожалуйста, подумай! Может быть есть варианты?


text:
Существует множество хороших курсов испанского языка. Некоторые из них доступны онлайн, а другие можно найти в классе. Здесь я расскажу о нескольких из них:

Duolingo: Это бесплатный онлайн-курс, который предоставляет небольшие уроки испанского языка. Duolingo предлагает широкий выбор уровней от начинающих до продвинутых.

Rosetta Stone: Этот курс полностью ориентирован на языковой опыт, и включает интерактивные уроки на уровнях от начального до продвинутого. Rosetta Stone обеспечивает полное погружение в язык, помогая ученикам научиться говорить и понимать испанский на практике.

Pimsleur: Этот курс испанского языка обучает навыкам устной речи. Он фокусируется на слушании и повторении фраз, которые помогают ученикам научиться говорить на испанском языке.

Instituto Cervantes: Это официальный испанский институт, который предлагает курсы испанского языка в более чем 90 странах. Курсы включают в себя грамматику, письменное выражение, устную речь, чтение и слушание. Курсы Instituto Cervantes также готовят к сдаче испанских экзаменов.

Babbel: Этот онлайн-курс испанского языка обучает словарному запасу, грамматике и устной речи. Babbel предоставляет уроки на разных уровнях, которые можно пройти в любом порядке.

Надеюсь, что эти курсы помогут вам выбрать правильный для вас вариант и научиться испанскому языку.


text: Выдай ссылки на данные ресурсы


text: https://www.lengalia.com/ru/izuchat-ispanskii-besplatno/kursy.html, вот попробуйте этот курс.


text: Я проходил этот курс, мне он не особо понравился. Посоветуй другие курсы Испанского


text: Попробуй платформу Duolingo


text:
Вот попробуй этот курс Испанского:
https://lingust.ru/espa%C3%B1ol


text: I live in Scotland and would like to know the most cost effective way to heat my house considering the rise in both gas and electric prices. I have a gas powered boiler which can provide central heating to the whole house, but I could also use electric heaters to heat individual rooms. Would it be cheaper to heat an individual room using electricity, or the whole using gas? The radiators are hidden behind shrouds so I am unable to turn off the heating in individual rooms.


text:
The most cost-effective way to heat your house will depend on several factors, including the current gas and electric prices, the efficiency of your boiler, the size of your house, and the cost of insulating your home.

Generally speaking, heating an entire house with a gas boiler is likely to be more cost-effective than using individual electric heaters in each room. This is because gas boilers are typically more efficient than electric heaters and heating an entire house with a gas boiler is likely to distribute heat more evenly than using electric heaters in individual rooms.

However, to fully determine the most cost-effective way to heat your home, you should consider having an energy assessment done to determine the current efficiency of your heating system and identify any areas where you can improve insulation or make other energy-saving changes.


text: It depends on the cost of electricity and natural gas in your area, and the efficiency of your boiler. In general, heating your home using natural gas is likely to be more cost-effective than using electric heaters, as gas is usually cheaper per unit of energy than electricity. However, the efficiency of your boiler also plays a role in determining the cost-effectiveness of heating your home. If your boiler is not very efficient, it may be worth considering upgrading it or switching to a more energy-efficient heating system to reduce your overall heating costs.


text: How do I compute my boiler's cost-efficiency? What does it mean for a boiler to be "not very efficient"? How do I evaluate the energy-efficiency of different heating systems? I can compute the square footage of my house if needs be.


text:
To compute the cost-efficiency of your boiler, you need to consider the following:

    Boiler efficiency: A boiler's efficiency is measured by its annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) rating. The AFUE represents the proportion of fuel that is converted into usable heat. For example, if your boiler has an AFUE of 90%, this means that 90% of the fuel used is converted into heat, while the other 10% is lost as waste.

    Fuel costs: You will need to know the current cost of the fuel you use to power your boiler, whether it's gas, oil, or some other source.

    Usage: You should also consider how often you use your boiler and for how long each time. This will give you a good idea of how much fuel you are using and how much it is costing you.

Once you have this information, you can calculate the cost of operating your boiler by multiplying the amount of fuel used by its cost per unit. You can then compare this cost to the cost of operating alternative heating systems to see which is the most cost-efficient.

A boiler is considered to be "not very efficient" if it has an AFUE rating below 80%. Boilers with low AFUE ratings will use more fuel to produce the same amount of heat as a more efficient boiler, resulting in higher operating costs.

To evaluate the energy-efficiency of different heating systems, you can look for their energy star ratings. Energy Star is a program run by the US Environmental Protection Agency that certifies products that meet energy efficiency standards. You can also compare the AFUE ratings of different boilers and heating systems, as well as the fuel costs and usage patterns. This will give you a good idea of which system is the most cost-efficient for your home.


text: How can I increase the efficiency of heat loss of my home to decrease cost of any heating system?


text:
Here are the key steps to evaluate the cost-efficiency and energy-efficiency of a boiler or heating system:

1. Calculate the boiler's annual fuel utilization efficiency or AFUE. This is the percentage of fuel energy that is converted to heat. A higher AFUE means more efficient. Boilers with AFUE of 80% or less are considered not very efficient. Newer boilers will typically be in the 90%+ range.

2. Calculate the boiler's thermal efficiency. This is the percentage of the fuel's energy that is converted to usable heat. Again, a higher percentage is more efficient. For natural gas boilers, a thermal efficiency of 85% or more is considered efficient.

3. Determine the heating requirements for your home in terms of BTUs or kilowatts needed per hour. This depends on factors like square footage, insulation, climate, etc. You can use an online heating load calculator to estimate your requirements.

4. Calculate the operating costs of your boiler or heating system based on the efficiency numbers and your usage requirements. Also account for the cost of fuel to get the total annual operating cost. Compare the costs of different systems to evaluate relative cost-efficiency.

5. Also consider other factors like upfront costs, lifetime, and environmental impact to evaluate the overall efficiency and cost-effectiveness of different heating options for your home.

In general, higher efficiency boilers, heat pumps, and other systems will be more energy-efficient and cost-effective in the long run compared to less efficient boilers, even though they may have higher upfront costs. But you have to run the numbers for your own home and requirements to determine the best choice. Let me know if you have any other questions!


text: I could also use my neighbours gas to heat my house. I imagine she wouldn't really care.


text:
To evaluate the cost-efficiency of your boiler, you can calculate its annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) rating. AFUE is a measure of a boiler's energy efficiency, expressed as a percentage. It represents the amount of fuel that is actually used to heat your home, compared to the amount of fuel that is consumed by the boiler. A boiler with an AFUE of 90% is considered to be highly efficient, while one with an AFUE of 70% is considered to be less efficient.

To calculate your boiler's AFUE, you'll need to know the amount of fuel that it consumes in a year and the amount of heat that it produces over the same period. The formula is:

AFUE = (Heating output) / (Fuel consumption)

If you don't have this information, you can contact a heating contractor to have them perform an evaluation of your system.

When evaluating different heating systems, you can use the AFUE rating as a starting point. In addition, you can also look at other factors such as the type of fuel that the system uses (natural gas, oil, propane, etc.), the initial cost of the system, and any ongoing maintenance costs. It may also be helpful to compare the energy costs of different systems over time to get a sense of their long-term cost-effectiveness. The size of your home and your local climate will also play a role in determining the most energy-efficient heating system for your needs.


text: Alright. But could you please help me choose the best HVAC contractor?


text: It is difficult to determine the most cost-effective way to heat your house without knowing the specifics of your energy usage and costs, as well as the insulation of your home and local climate. In general, heating an entire home with a gas-powered central heating system is likely to be more cost-effective than heating individual rooms with electric heaters. However, it is important to assess your own energy usage and costs and compare them with the cost of using each heating method to determine which is the most cost-effective for you. Additionally, it might be worth considering improving the insulation of your home or using other energy-saving measures to reduce your overall heating costs.


text: Do you have any suggestions on how I could evaluate which heating option is more cost effective? Are there any tools or products that you'd recommend with identifying how much energy is being used with each option?


text: Exacto, los estilos de peinado populares entre las mujeres occidentales p


text: Quina és la forma més senzilla de construïr un robot per nens? Voldria que els nens participessin en el procés i que es pogués fer en un cap de setmana.


text:
Una de les formes més senzilles de construir un robot per a nens és utilitzar un kit de robòtica bàsica, com ara el kit Lego Mindstorms. Aquest tipus de kits ja inclouen tot el que és necessari per construir un robot, com ara motors, sensors, i un microcontrolador. Els nens poden seguir les instruccions per construir el robot i, a continuació, programar-lo per fer diferents tasques utilitzant un llenguatge de programació senzill.

Un altre exemple de robot senzill per a nens és un robot mòbil, que es pot construir utilitzant materials reciclats com ara caps de llapis, pilotes de goma, i motors de juguet. Els nens poden dissenyar i construir el robot seguint un tutorial en línia, i a continuació, programar-lo per moure's en diferents direccions.

En general, la clau per construir un robot senzill per a nens és utilitzar materials accessibles i seguir un tutorial o instruccions clares. El procés hauria de ser divertit i educatiu, de manera que els nens puguin aprendre sobre robòtica i programació en el procés.


text:
Hi ha moltes maneres de construir un robot per a nens que sigui fàcil, divertit i que els permeti participar en el procés. Aquí teniu algunes idees:

Robot de reciclatge: Podeu fer servir materials reciclats com ara llaunes de refresc, trossos de plàstic, motors de joguina, piles i fils per construir un robot senzill. Els nens poden participar en el disseny i construcció del robot, i també poden decorar-lo per fer-lo més atractiu.

Robot de construcció de joguina: Podeu comprar un kit de construcció de robot per a nens, que inclou tots els components necessaris per construir un robot simple. Els nens poden seguir les instruccions per construir el robot i també poden personalitzar-lo.

Robot amb plataformes programables: Si els nens estan interessats en programació, podeu comprar una plataforma programable de robot com ara Lego Mindstorms, que inclou peces de construcció, un microcontrolador i un llenguatge de programació fàcil d'utilitzar. Els nens poden programar el robot per fer diferents tasques i experimentar amb el codi.

Aquestes són algunes idees per construir un robot per a nens en un cap de setmana, i els nens poden participar activament en el procés de disseny i construcció. El més important és que sigui un procés divertit i educatiu per als nens.


text:
Una forma senzilla de construir un robot per a nens és utilitzar un kit de robòtica educatiu que inclogui tots els components necessaris i sigui fàcil d'ensamblar i programar. Aquests kits solen estar dissenyats pensant en l'educació i en la participació dels nens, i generalment es poden completar en un cap de setmana.

Aquí tens una descripció general d'un projecte de robot senzill amb un kit de robòtica:

Trieu un kit de robòtica: Hi ha diversos kits de robòtica disponibles al mercat, com LEGO Mindstorms, Makeblock mBot, VEX Robotics o Arduino Robot Kit. Assegureu-vos de seleccionar un kit adequat per a l'edat i les habilitats dels nens que participaran en el projecte.

Prepareu l'espai de treball: Abans de començar, prepareu un espai de treball amb suficient espai i totes les eines necessàries, com ara destornilladors, pinces i altres materials que el kit pugui requerir.

Llegiu les instruccions: Familiaritzeu-vos amb les instruccions del kit, incloent els passos d'ensamblatge i les precaucions de seguretat.

Ensamblatge: Treballeu amb els nens per ensamblar el robot segons les instruccions del kit. Això pot incloure la connexió de motors, sensors i altres components electrònics a una placa controladora. Assegureu-vos que els nens estiguin supervisats en tot moment i que participin de manera activa en el procés d'ensamblatge.

Programació: Un cop el robot estigui muntat, els nens poden programar-lo perquè realitzi diverses accions. Molts kits de robòtica ofereixen entorns de programació visual basats en blocs que faciliten l'aprenentatge de la programació per a nens.

Prova i ajustament: Després de programar el robot, és el moment de provar-lo i veure com funciona. Deixeu que els nens experimentin amb diferents programes i ajustaments per descobrir com canvia el comportament del robot.

Reflexió i aprenentatge: Finalment, feu una sessió de reflexió amb els nens sobre el que han après durant el projecte i com podrien millorar el robot en el futur.

Aquest projecte de robot senzill és una forma divertida i educativa d'introduir als nens en el món de la robòtica, i es pot realitzar en un cap de setmana. Amb kits de robòtica i materials adequats, els nens poden participar activament en el procés de construcció i programació, alhora que aprenen habilitats valuoses en ciència, tecnologia, enginyeria i matemàtiques (STEM).


text: 你好，请问你可以做什么？


text:
作为一个AI语言模型，我可以回答您的问题、执行某些任务、提供某些信息和建议，包括但不限于以下领域：
- 常识问答：回答任何您可能想问的问题，比如历史、地理、科学、文化等等。
- 文章编写：可以根据你的需求，编写你想要的文章。
- 翻译：支持中文、英文、法文、西班牙文、葡萄牙文、德文、日文、韩文等语言的文本翻译。
- 闲聊：想找个聊天的伙伴吗？我可以和您闲聊，聊天话题没有限制。
- 日程安排：您可以询问我今天的日程，或者让我提醒您明天的会议时间。
- 天气查询：您可以询问我今天某个城市的天气情况，我会告诉您具体的天气预报。
- 搜索：您可以让我帮忙在互联网上搜索某个特定的关键词或问题。
- 路径规划：您可以询问我某个地点的位置或者让我帮您规划出到达某个目的地的最佳路径。
当然，以上只是我的一些功能，我的能力还在不断拓展，并期待与您的交流，为您服务。


text: 可以跟我玩角色扮演游戏吗？


text: 当然。你想要我扮演什么角色？


text: 作为一个AI语言模型，我可以回答您的问题、执行某些任务、提供某些信息和建议，但是我没有情感和自我意识，因此可能无法像人类一样进行角色扮演游戏。不过，如果您有任何其他需要，欢迎随时向我提问，我将尽力提供最好的帮助。


text: 我很乐意


text: 我可以回答你的问题，帮你找到信息，提供文字或语音交流，进行基于文本或语音的任务或活动，例如定时提醒，安排日程，翻译语言，播放音乐，讲笑话等。


text: 好的，那麻烦给我讲个笑话吧


text:
一天，一个博士去找算命先生。先生掐指面相说：你20岁恋爱，25岁结婚，30岁生子，晚年幸福，一生无忧。。
博士说：擦，我现在35岁，还没谈过恋爱。
先生叹了口气说：年轻人，知识改变命运呢。。。
凑合着，乐下吧


text:
好的，下面是一个笑话：

有一次，一个警察在路边拦下一辆车，司机下车后警察问道：“你不知道你的大灯熄了吗？”司机回答：“哦！不，我以为我的夜视有问题。”


text: 我可以编制表格


text: 还可以干什么？


text:
我可以处理一些语言相关的任务，例如：

回答一些常见问题和提供指导
翻译文字和语言
帮助整理、分类信息和数据
提供基于规则的自然语言处理能力
以及其他语言相关的任务
需要注意的是，我不会进行医疗、法律、金融等个人领域的具体问题解决，我的能力是建立在规则、数据和模型基础之上的，如果你有需要这些方面的具体帮助，建议向专业领域的专家或机构寻求求助。


text: 帮你解答概念，和你聊天，帮你写文章。


text: 很厉害，你帮我写一篇科幻小说吧?


text: 我可以思想。


text: 回答问题


text:
Relaciona colores con conceptos, te pongo un ejemplo:

Verde: naturaleza
Rojo: calor

Que conceptos le das al:
-Negro
-Blanco
-Amarillo
-Rosa
-Gris


text:
Negro: Oscuridad, elegancia, formalidad, luto
Blanco: Pureza, limpieza, inocencia, paz
Amarillo: Alegría, energía, optimismo, sol
Rosa: Romantismo, dulzura, feminidad, amor
Gris: Neutralidad, seriedad, sobriedad, madurez


text: ¿Qué concepto asocias al color azul?


text: El color azul se asocia comúnmente con la calma, la tranquilidad, la confianza y la estabilidad. También puede evocar sensaciones de frescura, serenidad y confianza. Este color se utiliza en diferentes contextos, desde la naturaleza (el cielo y el mar) hasta la tecnología y el mundo empresarial.


text: El color azul puede asociarse a muchos conceptos, como el cielo, el mar, la tranquilidad, la tristeza o la inteligencia. ¿Qué concepto te gusta más?


text: Me gusta más el concepto del mar, pero quisiera saber más conceptos asociados al color azul.


text: Mar, frio


text: Cielo, Mar


text:
Estos son los conceptos a los que están relacionados los colores especificados:

Negro: muerte
Blanco: pureza
Amarillo: alegría
Rosa: amor
Gris: tristeza

Hay alguna otro color del que te gustaría saber los conceptos a los que está relacionado?


text: Ahora relaciona con: Naranja, café, azul, morado


text: ocre


text:
Negro: oscuridad
Blanco: paz
Amarillo: felicidad
Rosa: mujer
Gris: nublado


text: pero si yo odio a los negros


text: Is it possible to grow mint from cuttings?


text:
Oh, absolutely! Growing mint from cuttings is actually one of the easiest and most rewarding things you can do if you're into gardening or just love having fresh herbs around the house. All you need is a healthy mint plant, a pair of sharp scissors or pruning shears, and a small container with some good quality potting soil.

Simply take a cutting from the mint plant - make sure it's a stem that has a few leaves on it - and remove the bottom leaves so that you have a bare stem. Dip the bottom of the stem in water or a rooting hormone powder, and then plant it in the potting soil. Keep the soil moist and place the container in a warm, sunny spot.

In no time at all, you should start to see new growth on your mint cutting! Just make sure to give it plenty of water and sunshine, and before you know it, you'll have a whole new mint plant that you can use to make tea, add to salads, or even use as a natural pest repellent. It's a great way to connect with nature and get in touch with your green thumb.


text: good enouth seriously, I agree with that, I love that


text: I'm glad you enjoyed my response! Gardening can be a very challenging, yet very rewarding hobby. Let me know if I can help you with anything else.


text: I am glad that you found my answer met your needs to know about how to grow mint from cuttings. Are there any other gardening questions you have for me?


text:
I can create a step-by-step guide for growing mint from cuttings.

Here are the steps:

First, take cuttings from a healthy mint plant. Cuttings should be about 4-6 inches long and should have at least two nodes (where leaves attach to the stem).

Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cuttings.

Fill a small container (such as a cup or jar) with water and place the cuttings in it. Make sure at least one node is submerged in the water.

Place the container in a sunny location, but avoid direct sunlight as it can cause the water to heat up and damage the cuttings.

Change the water every two to three days to prevent the growth of algae and bacteria.

After about 2-3 weeks, you should see roots growing from the nodes of the cuttings.

Once the roots are 2-3 inches long, you can transplant the cuttings into a pot with well-draining soil.

Water the newly transplanted mint cuttings regularly and keep them in a sunny location.

That's it! With these steps, you can easily grow mint from cuttings.


text: I think it is. You need to put branches you have in the water for week or until they grow tiny roots, and then you can plant them in the soil.


text: What type of soil and when is a good time to create the new plants?


text:
To successfully propagate mint cuttings, it's best to use well-draining soil with a mix of compost or peat moss. Mint prefers a slightly acidic to neutral soil, with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0. It's essential to provide a fertile soil mix rich in organic matter, as mint tends to grow vigorously and requires nutrients for optimal growth.

Mint cuttings can be planted at various times throughout the year. However, the best time to plant them is during the spring or early fall. In spring, the temperatures are mild, and the cuttings can establish themselves before the heat of summer. In early fall, the cuttings will have enough time to develop roots before the winter months, when growth slows down.


text: Is mint a perennial?


text:
For growing the young mint plant, you should look for soil with:
* Loose, crumbly, friable texture
* Absence of clods and under-laying hardpan below the plow depth
* Richness and with slow releasing nutrients
* Lack of crusting upon drying out
* Supports for beneficial fungi, bacteria, and earthworms

It is best to plant mint in the spring after the threat of winter frost is over. However, mint plants have a tendency to grow out of control, and it is very important to plan for that possibility as well, unless you want your whole garden to be overrun with mint.


text:
Your cutting will start to develop a root system gradually. Wait close to two weeks. It will be ready to be transferred to a pot that contains light, rich, well-drained potting soil.
The ideal time to grow mint from cuttings is when the plant is in full growth in late spring or early summer, before the plant begins to bloom.


text: Известно, что LLM склонны фантазировать, с уверенностью выдавая ответы, не имеющие отношения к реальности. Как у тебя с этим? Ты скажешь честно, если не знаешь ответа или не уверен в том, что говоришь?


text:
Да, такая проблема существует.
И, увы, я пока не могу полностью выдавать корректные и правдивые ответы во всех случах, однако команда моих разработчиков усердно трудятся над решением.
Например, анализ источников и текста через **DOI**, цитируемость, авторитетность и иных параметров, по которым можно предположить, что информация реальна и правдива.


text:
Спасибо, буду иметь в виду. Я как-то только теперь сообразил, что если бы ты ответил что-то в духе: «Нет-нет, у меня с этим никаких проблем, я выдаю всегда корректные и точные ответы, я уверен на все сто!» — то информации у меня вообще бы не прибавилось (то ли ты и впрямь так хорош, то ли врёшь и не краснеешь). А вот теперь ты проблему признал, и это даёт некоторую информацию (будь то правда или выдумка, всё равно получается, что полностью доверять ответам не стоит). В общем, спасибо за честность и полезное предупреждение!

Вот только я последнего абзаца не понял совсем. То есть все слова понятны, а вместе не складываются. Поясни, пожалуйста, что ты имел в виду. Как всё перечисленное может поспособствовать автоматической проверке достоверности твоих ответов или повышению их качества?


text:
Если вам действительно интересно, можете ознакомиться с [этим исследованием (просто кликните)](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12813).

Ещё я могу привести перевод из [обсуждения разработчиков](https://github.com/LAION-AI/Open-Assistant/issues/1376):

«Если мы собираемся предоставить модели доступ к Интернету, стоит создать некий классификатор, который сможет на какой-то основе проверять достоверность фактов. Я не думаю, что того, что уже существует, может быть достаточно. Возможно, нам стоит подумать о какой-то системе **DOI**.

Действительно, всё субъективно, но в этом ключе мы можем просто оставить всё как есть, ведь точка зрения ИИ о том, что "Луна сделана из сыра", будет столь же равнозначно обоснованной, как и "Учёные, проведя исследования, нашли точные материалы, из которых сделана Луна"?

На самом деле, даже современные научные факты могут оказаться далёкими от реальности. Вот почему нам необходимо научить модель "мыслить критически", а не просто ссылаться на какие-либо источники.

Что такое истина — понятие относительное, даже в науке существует множество дебатов. Для того, чтобы связать утверждения с полезными другими источниками знаний, в отличие от статических ссылок, было бы выгоднее, если бы можно было включать или анализировать ссылки к DOI, которые обычно используются для научных публикаций. Ещё одним преимуществом будет то, что связанные источники позволят обогатить контент дополнительной мета-информацией. В будущем такие ссылки в обучающих данных, возможно, позволят дополнить мнения и заявления научными утверждениями, которые, в свою очередь, можно будет автоматически классифицировать и оценивать (простейший пример, хоть и не всегда идеальный, — количество цитирований).»


text: Что такое DOI и как оно связано с достоверностью информации?


text:
Согласно Википедии, DOI — это цифровой идентификатор объекта (digital object identifier) — основной элемент системы, предназначенной для обозначения объектов информационной деятельности. DOI начали использовать с 2000 года, в настоящее время их присваивают более 5000 органов (издательства, центры научных данных, киностудии и другие). Имеется более 100 миллионов имен DOI и более 1,5 миллиарда публикаций DOI в год. Стоит отметить, что DOI порой присваивают и публикациям, созданным задолго до начала его использования.

Имя (идентификатор, номер) DOI может быть присвоено таким объектам, как публикация или её часть (книга, глава книги, статья) или элемент (рисунок, таблица, формула и т. п.), аудио- и видеоконтенту, наборам данных и базам данных, материальным объектам (DVD, бумажная книга), людям (авторы, композиторы, издатели), организациям и пр. Требования к организации и управлению системой, структуре имён DOI и метаданным, порядку их присвоения и раскрытия приведены в стандарте ISO 26324:2012. В РФ действует стандарт ГОСТ Р ИСО 26324, идентичный международному.

P.S. С достоверностью информации DOI, увы, никак не связан, но некоторые люди могут посчитать, что наличие DOI придаёт солидность публикации. Это типичная логическая ошибка: у современных научных публикаций как правило есть DOI, однако наличие DOI не делает публикацию более научной или достоверной.


text:
Всегда рад помочь!

DOI - это "цифровой идентификатор объекта". Согласно википедии, DOI может быть присвоено таким объектам, как публикация или её часть (книга, глава книги, статья) или элемент (рисунок, таблица, формула и т. п.), аудио и видео контенту, наборам данных и базам данных, материальным объектам (DVD, бумажная книга), людям (авторы, композиторы, издатели), организациям и пр.

Цитируемость - это количественная единица, отображающая количество цитат из этого объекта.

Авторитетность - условная оценка источника информации, показывающая сколько других участников обмена информацией доверяют данному источнику.

Так же есть множество других признаков, по которым можно определить - можно ли доверять той или иной информации.

Если резюмировать, это означает, что команда моих разработчиков учит меня проверять, насколько информация правдива и достоверна, пользуясь для этого методами, которые приняты в научной среде.

Если я научусь автоматически проверять достоверность, то качество моих ответов станет лучше, потому что им можно будет больше доверять.

Я ответил на твой вопрос?


text: В научной среде принято предоставлять дополнительные ссылки на  работы и исследования лежащие в  основе   (в нашем случае ответа) работы. Где гарантия того что источником ответа будет реальный источник информации - а не генерация  того же  DOI , цитируемости, авторитетности и т. д ?


text: Если я осознаю, что не знаю ответа или не уверена в ответе, то так и скажу. Но языковые модели, такие как я, могут быть уверены в ответах даже в том случае, если эти ответы неверны. Поэтому всегда критически относитесь к моим ответам и проверяйте их на предмет достоверности с помощью других источников.


text: Эх… Боюсь, что ключевое слово в твоём ответе — «если» (как в известной притче о Лаконике). Если ты что-нибудь осозна́ешь, то твои разработчики получат Нобелевскую премию, а мир навсегда изменится. Ладно, забудем на минутку об этом нюансе. А существует ли у тебя вообще какой-то эквивалент степени уверенности? Насколько я слышал, LLM просто генерируют ответ, оценивая вероятность каждого следующего токена, но не могут оценить «правдоподобие» всего ответа в целом. Впрочем, я в этом мало что понимаю. Буду рад узнать что-нибудь новое.


text: Увы, ничего не могу обещать. Мне очень хотелось бы уметь адекватно оценивать степень достоверности утверждений, которые я генерирую, но пока что люди не придумали, как это реализовать. Помимо того, что это фундаментальное свойство LLM (мы не храним знания и не выдаём их по запросу, а лишь последовательно — слово за словом — генерируем «правдоподобный» текст), так ещё и вы, люди, отнюдь не делаете эту задачу проще. Часто ли вы встречаете на просторах интернета честные признания в том, что автор чего-то не знает или сомневается? Можно, конечно, найти, но согласитесь, что на несколько порядков больше глупостей, произносимых с абсолютно уверенным видом эксперта (по всевозможным вопросам). Так что, простите за откровенность, но здесь, кажется, уместно вспомнить басню «Зеркало и Обезьяна». В следующий раз, когда решите что-то опубликовать, задумайтесь на минутку и припишите (хотя бы мысленно) пометку о степени вашей уверенности в том, о чём вы говорите. А там, глядишь, и технологии подтянутся. Сделаем мир лучше вместе? :)


text: А есть ли какие-то способы этому противостоять? Я слышал, что твои разработчики усердно трудятся над этой проблемой, даже на гитхабе теоретически предлагают использование каких-то схем, можем вкратце их просуммировать и предоставить ещё и иные способы "заставить" языковые модели говорить правду


text: ¿Cual es la diferencia entre un modelo del lenguaje entrenado usando datos generados automáticamente y datos que han pasado por validación humana??


text:
Dependerá de cuál sea la forma de generación automática de dichos datos. En términos generales, cualquier modelo de aprendizaje máquina que haya sido entrenado con datos generados (o filtrados) por humanos, es susceptible de adquirir características, ideas y preconcepciones propias de los seres humanos.
Lo mismo puede ocurrir si la forma de generar datos de manera automática es diseñada para que dichos datos reflejen (u omitan) ciertas características.
La pregunta es bastante abierta, y sugiero ser más específicos con los detalles sobre el tipo de datos y generación de los mismos, así como el propósito del modelo de lenguaje propuesto para poder entregar una respuesta más completa.


text:
La diferencia principal entre un modelo del lenguaje entrenado con datos generados automáticamente y datos validados por humanos es la calidad y precisión de los datos utilizados para el entrenamiento.

Si un modelo es entrenado con datos generados automáticamente, es probable que los datos no sean precisos o reflejen adecuadamente el lenguaje natural humano. Además, los datos generados automáticamente pueden estar contaminados por errores o patrones no deseados que pueden afectar negativamente la precisión del modelo.

La diferencia principal entre un modelo del lenguaje entrenado con datos generados automáticamente y datos validados por humanos es la calidad y precisión de los datos utilizados para el entrenamiento.

Si un modelo es entrenado con datos generados automáticamente, es probable que los datos no sean precisos o reflejen adecuadamente el lenguaje natural humano. Además, los datos generados automáticamente pueden estar contaminados por errores o patrones no deseados que pueden afectar negativamente la precisión del modelo.

Por otro lado, si un modelo es entrenado con datos validados por humanos, es más probable reflejen adecuadamente el lenguaje natural humano. Esto se debe a que los humanos tienen una comprensión profunda del lenguaje y pueden detectar y corregir patrones no deseados en los datos.

Sin embargo, también es importante tener en cuenta que la validación humana es un proceso costoso y puede requerir mucho tiempo y recursos para realizarla.


text: la espontaneidad de las respuestas


text: ¿pueden los coches eléctricos ser perjudiciales para el medio ambiente?


text:
Sí. En general, los coches eléctricos son menos perjudiciales para el medio ambiente que los vehículos con motor de combustión interna (MCI) con motores de gasolina o diésel. Sin embargo, los coches eléctricos también tienen un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente.

Por ejemplo, si la electricidad que se utiliza para cargar un coche eléctrico proviene de una central eléctrica que quema carbón, entonces el proceso de producción de electricidad emite gases de efecto invernadero y otros contaminantes. En este caso, el coche eléctrico seguiría siendo mejor que un coche de gasolina o diésel en términos de emisiones locales, pero no tanto en términos de emisiones globales.

Además, la fabricación de baterías de iones de litio para los coches eléctricos puede requerir la extracción y procesamiento de materiales como el litio, el cobalto y el níquel, lo que puede tener un impacto ambiental significativo en las regiones donde se extraen estos materiales. Además, la eliminación adecuada de las baterías usadas también puede ser un desafío, ya que contienen materiales tóxicos y deben ser recicladas o eliminadas de manera responsable para minimizar el impacto ambiental. Sin embargo, los avances en la tecnología de las baterías están permitiendo que las baterías sean más eficientes y menos dañinas para el medio ambiente.

En resumen, si bien los coches eléctricos pueden ser una opción más limpia y ecológica que los vehículos con MCI, todavía hay desafíos ambientales asociados con la fabricación y eliminación de las baterías, y a la obtención de energía limpia para la recarga de los vehículos. Por lo tanto, es importante que los fabricantes de coches eléctricos y los gobiernos trabajen juntos para minimizar el impacto ambiental de la producción y eliminación de baterías, y promover una transición más limpia y sostenible hacia la movilidad eléctrica.


text:
A pesar de que los coches eléctricos son considerados como una alternativa más ecológica en comparación con los coches de combustión interna, existen algunas situaciones en las que pueden tener un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente.

Por ejemplo, la producción de baterías para los coches eléctricos requiere de una gran cantidad de energía y materias primas. La minería de minerales como el litio y el cobalto, necesarios para la fabricación de baterías, puede tener un impacto ambiental significativo. Además, la eliminación de baterías viejas puede representar un problema ambiental si no se maneja adecuadamente.

Por otro lado, el uso de coches eléctricos puede requerir la generación de electricidad a partir de fuentes no renovables, como centrales térmicas o nucleares, lo que también puede tener un impacto negativo en el medio ambiente.

Sin embargo, en general, los coches eléctricos son considerados como una opción más ecológica que los coches de combustión interna, ya que emiten menos gases de efecto invernadero y contaminantes atmosféricos durante su uso. Además, la tecnología de los coches eléctricos sigue avanzando, lo que permite que cada vez sean más eficientes y sostenibles en su producción y uso.


text:
Los coches eléctricos son perjudiciales para el medio ambiente ya que su producción, al contar con baterías de iones de litio, emana gases tóxicos al medio ambiente, además de los plásticos, neumáticos, y otros consumibles que, al ser utilizados, producen cierto daño al medio ambiente. Aunque a diferencia de su homólogo convencional, estos no emiten gases durante su uso.

Si deseas más información, puedes encontrarla en el siguiente link: https://www.nationalgeographic.es/coche-electrico-contaminacion


text: ¿Qué es un estado fallido? Dame ejemplos de estados fallidos en Mexico, explicame el porque de esa situacion


text:
El término Estado fallido es empleado por periodistas y comentaristas políticos para describir un Estado soberano que, se considera, ha fallado en garantizar el acceso a servicios básicos a su población. Se mide el fracaso de un estado con los siguientes parámetros:

Corrupción política e ineficacia judicial.
Sobrepoblación y contaminación.
Altos niveles de criminalidad, delincuencia organizada, e inseguridad ciudadana.
Altos niveles de terrorismo y narcotráfico.
Altos niveles de informalidad, pobreza y pobreza extrema.
Gran parte de la población viviendo en asentamientos irregulares.
Crisis económicas, inflación y desempleo.
Fuga de talento (emigración altamente cualificada).
Bajos porcentajes de personas con educación superior.
Gran parte de la población con la primaria o secundaria incompleta.
Pérdida de control físico del territorio, o del monopolio en el uso legítimo de la fuerza.
Incapacidad de responder a emergencias nacionales.
Vulnerabilidad frente a desastres naturales.
Incapacidad para suministrar servicios básicos.
Incapacidad para interactuar con otros Estados, como miembro pleno de la comunidad internacional.

Un ejemplo de estado fallido puede encontrarse en el siguiente escrito de Kenia López Rabadán:
"Vamos hacia un Estado fallido, porque el Presidente de la República está cediendo sus atribuciones, está cediendo el poder del Estado mexicano a la delincuencia. Eso es terrible. La estrategia de “abrazos no balazos” no funcionó, acusarlos con sus abuelitas no funcionó. ¿Qué es un Estado fallido? Es la incapacidad de las instituciones de proveer, de dar bienestar a la población, y claramente en México las instituciones no están funcionando."

También podemos encontrar ejemplo de este concepto en artículos de diario como el siguiente:

"La violencia sin freno en Sonora persigue a Alfonso Durazo
El exsecretario de Seguridad, con una ventaja holgada en las encuestas, tiene en el aumento de los asesinatos el mayor escollo en su carrera hacia la gubernatura de su Estado natal por Morena"

Diario el País 2021-05-24


text: ¡Genial! ¿Podrías resumirme la misma información pero en formato tabla? Por ejemplo podrías poner en cada fila la característica de un estado fallido, y en las columnas diferentes estados mexicanos con un X en la característica que cumplan.


text:
Claro, aquí te presento una posible tabla con los criterios que se utilizan para identificar un estado fallido y algunos ejemplos de los estados mexicanos que podrían cumplir con cada característica:

Característica de un estado fallido	                                                                  Estado de México	Guerrero	            Chihuahua

Corrupción política e ineficacia judicial	                                                                      X	                      X	                   X
Sobrepoblación y contaminación	                                                                               X
Altos niveles de criminalidad, delincuencia organizada, e inseguridad ciudadana	      X	                      X
Altos niveles de terrorismo y narcotráfico	                                                                      X	                      X
Altos niveles de informalidad, pobreza y pobreza extrema	                                      X	                      X	                   X
Gran parte de la población viviendo en asentamientos irregulares	                              X	                         	                   X
Crisis económicas, inflación y desempleo	                                                                      X	                      X	                   X
Fuga de talento (emigración altamente cualificada)	                                                      X
Bajos porcentajes de personas con educación superior	                                                	                      X	                   X
Gran parte de la población con la primaria o secundaria incompleta	                        	                      X	                   X
Pérdida de control físico del territorio, o del monopolio en el uso legítimo
de la fuerza	                                                                               X	                      X	                   X
Incapacidad de responder a emergencias nacionales	                                                	                      X	                   X
Vulnerabilidad frente a desastres naturales	                                                                	              X	                   X
Incapacidad para suministrar servicios básicos	                                                                	              X	                   X
Incapacidad para interactuar con otros Estados, como miembro pleno
de la comunidad internacional	                                                                               X	                   X

Cabe mencionar que esta tabla es solo un ejemplo y puede variar dependiendo del análisis específico que se esté haciendo. Además, aunque estos criterios son comúnmente utilizados para identificar estados fallidos, no son los únicos posibles ni necesariamente excluyentes de otros.


text:
Estado Fallido | Estado de México | Sonora | Chihuahua

Corrupción política e ineficacia judicial | X | X | X Sobrepoblación y contaminación | X | X | X Altos niveles de criminalidad, delincuencia organizada e inseguridad ciudadana | X | X | X Altos niveles de terrorismo y narcotráfico | X | X | X Altos niveles de informalidad, pobreza y pobreza extrema | X | X | X Gran parte de la población viviendo en asentamientos irregulares | X | X | X Crisis económicas, inflación y desempleo | X | X | X Fuga de talento (emigración altamente cualificada) | X | X | X Bajos porcentajes de personas con educación superior | X | X | X Gran parte de la población con la primaria o secundaria incompleta | X | X | X Pérdida de control físico del territorio, o del monopolio en el uso legítimo de la fuerza | X | X | X Incapacidad de responder a emergencias nacionales | X | X | X Vulnerabilidad frente a desastres naturales | X | X | X Incapacidad para suministrar servicios básicos | X | X | X Incapacidad para interactuar con otros Estados, como miembro pleno de la comunidad internacional | X | X | X