Process:  - A dam is built in an area prone to flooding - A large amount of rain occurs - The water builds up behind the dam - The dam opens its floodgates when it starts to get full - The water flows into a river below the dam - The dam closes its gates - The dam will occasionally open its gates again to gradually release more water - Eventually all of the floodwater will be slowly released into the river without causing any flood damage.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the environment is the right one happens, how will it affect DEGRADED safety from flooding.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: no

Process:  - Acid rain is produced by chemicals that reach into the atmosphere - Falls onto the ground - The acid rain starts scouring rocks - Destroys vegetation - The lack of vegetation alters the surrounding environment.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose nutrients in the soil counteract the acid rain happens, how will it affect LESS damage by acid rain.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - Animals eat a lot during good (warm, clear) weather - Animals gain weight - The season changes to one with bad (cold, snowy) weather - Animals find a place to hibernate - Animals enter a type of &#x27;sleep&#x27; (hibernation) - Body processes slow down - The animal&#x27;s heart rate and breathing rate slow - The animal loses weight more slowly than usual - The animal is able to survive not eating or drinking without hurting itself -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less food available happens, how will it affect HELPING the animal to hibernate properly.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Ans: yes

Process:  - Particles in the environment interact with rocks - The particles remove small pieces of the rock each time they touch the rocks - The particles continue to hit, brush against, or grow against the rocks - The rock eventually is broken apart by this contact - The pieces of the rock are now small rocks - The rock pieces are worn away into smaller and smaller pieces by the same forces -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose more small pieces of rock are removed happens, how will it affect the rock takes longer to break apart.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
