Question: Process:  - Acid rain enters the atmosphere and lands - Makes water acidic - Kills fish - Kills the soils in trees - Leaves are also harmed.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose Flowers are producing less nectar happens, how will it affect less acid rain lands.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: no

Question: Process:  - Solution caves are formed in limestone and similar rocks by the action of water - After a rain, water seeps into cracks and pores of soil and rock - The water percolates beneath the land surface - Some of the water reaches a zone where all the cracks and pores in the rock are already filled with water - Rainwater absorbs some carbon dioxide as it passes through the atmosphere and even more as it drains through soil and decaying vegetation - The water combines chemically with the carbon dioxide - A weak carbonic acid solution is formed - This acid slowly dissolves calcite, forms solution cavities, and excavates passageways -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there is more water from the rain happens, how will it affect LESS salt being removed from the water.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: yes

Question: Process:  - Water flows into the dishwasher - The dishwasher heats the water - The detergent dispenser opens at the right time - Water is shot through the jets to clean the dishes - The dirty water is drained - More water is sprayed to rinse the dishes - The water is drained again - The air is heated in the dishwasher to dry the dishes.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose detergent doing its job happens, how will it affect HURTING the dishwasher to clean better.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?
Answer: