Problem: Given the question: Background: Active transport occurs when a substance passes through the cell membrane with the help of extra energy. This happens when a substance moves from an area where it is less concentrated to an area where it is more concentrated. This is the opposite of diffusion. The substance moves up, instead of down, the concentration gradient. Like rolling a ball uphill, this requires an input of energy. The energy comes from the molecule named ATP (adenosine triphosphate). The energy allows special transport proteins called pumps to move substances to areas of higher concentration. An example is the sodium-potassium pump.  Paragraph: Two cells, Cell B and Cell C, are being examined under microscopes by students in a science class. While looking at the cells, one student, Kim, notices that there is a noticeable trend in Cell B for a particular substance to try to group up in a more concentrated area. In Cell C though, she notices that the same substance is spreading apart and finding less concentrated areas to move to.  Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Which cell is not exhibiting active transport?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
Cell C


Problem: Given the question: Background: Lactose intolerance is due to the lack of enzyme lactase in the small intestines to break lactose down into glucose and galactose.[3] There are four types: primary, secondary, developmental, and congenital.[1] Primary lactose intolerance occurs as the amount of lactase declines as people age.[1] Secondary lactose intolerance is due to injury to the small intestine such as from infection, celiac disease, inflammatory bowel disease, or other diseases.[1][4] Developmental lactose intolerance may occur in premature babies and usually improves over a short period of time.[1] Congenital lactose intolerance is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which little or no lactase is made from birth.[1]  Paragraph: David works for a large pharmaceutical company as a research scientist. He has devised a procedure which can detect lactose intolerance in patients easily. To test his procedure he picked up four subjects form a large pool of sample. The four subjects are subject A, subject B, subject C, and subject D. Subject A has primary lactose intolerance; subject B has secondary lactose intolerance; subject C has developmental lactose intolerance; and subject D has congenital lactose intolerance.  Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Which subject has lactose intolerance due to an injury, subject B or subject D?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
subject B


Problem: Given the question: Background: As new changes in the DNA sequence are constantly being generated in a population's gene pool (changing the population's allele frequencies), some of these changes will be beneficial and result in traits that allow adaptation and survival. Natural selection causes evolution of a species as these beneficial traits become more common within a population. Evolution can occur within a species without completely resulting in a new species. Therefore, evolution and speciation are not the same.  Paragraph: Over time a species of bird has changed a lot. Originally the climate the bird lived in changed so they adapted and more of them were seen to have heavy down feathers for warmth. Later down the line it got warmer, some of the birds stayed in the warmer area and adapted to it growing thinner feathers. Some of the others decided to migrate to colder areas instead. More time passed and the birds in the warmer area eventually evolved into a very dangerous creature with sharp talons to defend itself from predators. The birds that moved to the colder environment had less predators so they remained basically harmless..  Given the paragraph above, please answer correctly the following question: Which birds is likely a case of speciation, the birds living in the cold area or the warm area?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The answer is:
