input: Please answer the following: Given the background: When the temperature of reactants is higher, the rate of the reaction is faster. At higher temperatures, particles of reactants have more energy, so they move faster. They are more likely to bump into one another and to collide with greater force. For example, when you fry an egg, turning up the heat causes the egg to cook faster. The same principle explains why storing food in a cold refrigerator reduces the rate at which food spoils (see Figure below ). Both food frying and food spoiling are chemical reactions that happen faster at higher temperatures.  and the situation: Ned learned about reactions at a higher temperature for his physics class, while Paul had to learn about reactions at lower temperatures.  Answer the following question: Which person studied about particles of reactants moving slower?
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output: Paul


input: Please answer the following: Given the background: A wood-decay fungus is any species of fungus that digests moist wood, causing it to rot. Some species of wood-decay fungi attack dead wood, such as brown rot, and some, such as Armillaria (honey fungus), are parasitic and colonize living trees. Excessive moisture above the fibre saturation point in wood is required for fungal colonization and proliferation.[1] Fungi that not only grow on wood but permeate its fibrous structure and actually cause decay, are called lignicolous fungi. In nature, this process causes the breakdown of complex molecules and leads to the return of nutrients to the soil.[2] Various lignicolous fungi consume wood in various ways; for example, some attack the carbohydrates in wood and some others decay lignin. The rate of decay of wooden materials in various climates can be estimated by empirical models.[3]  and the situation: Bob is a botanist. His interest is in different kinds of fungi. He went to Brazil last month to study fungi in  the Amazon rain forest. First day he searched for fungi in a location with excessive moisture. Second day he searched for fungi in a location with no moisture. In all his search he found two specimens of fungi. Specimen A is a brown rot fungus, and specimen B is a honey fungus.  Answer the following question: Would specimen B fungus live on living trees or not live on living trees?
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output: live on living trees


input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Many different chemical substances cause cancer. Dozens of chemicals in tobacco smoke, including nicotine, have been shown to cause cancer ( Figure below ). In fact, tobacco smoke is one of the main sources of chemical carcinogens. Smoking tobacco increases the risk of cancer of the lung, mouth, throat, and bladder. Using smokeless tobacco can also cause cancer. Other chemicals that cause cancer include asbestos, formaldehyde, benzene, cadmium, and nickel.  and the situation: Linda lives in a run down house in downtown Detroit. The walls and floors are degraded, and were made with large amounts of asbestos. As a result, Linda comes into contact with asbestos frequently. Linda's cousin, Gerald, lives in a upper-class neighborhood of Detroit. His house was built recently, and as a result he never comes into contact with asbestos.  Answer the following question: Who is more likely to develop cancer?
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output: Linda


input: Please answer the following: Given the background: Pollutants also affect the atmosphere through their contribution to global warming. Global warming is an increase in the Earth’s temperature. It is thought to be caused mostly by the increase of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide. Greenhouse gases can be released by factories that burn fossil fuels. Over the past 20 years, burning fossil fuels has produced about three-quarters of the carbon dioxide from human activity. The rest of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is there because of deforestation, or cutting down trees ( Figure below ). Trees absorb carbon dioxide during cellular respiration, so when trees are cut down, they cannot remove carbon dioxide from the air.  and the situation: There are two planets, Glarnak and Bornak, that share the same atmospheric composition. The planets have nearly identical ecosystems and topography. The main difference between the two planets is the level of global warming on each planet. Glarnak is experiencing a strong impact from global warming. Bornak, though, is experiencing practically no effects of global warming.  Answer the following question: Is the average temperature of Bornak higher or lower than Glarnak?
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output: