Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The stem of a horsetail is characterized by the presence of joints, or nodes: hence the name Arthrophyta, which means “jointed plant”. Leaves and branches come out as whorls from the evenly spaced rings. The needle-shaped leaves do not contribute greatly to photosynthesis, the majority of which takes place in the green stem (Figure 14.15).   Q: The stem of a horsetail is characterized by the presence of joints, or nodes: hence the name arthrophyta, which means this?   A:
Answer: jointed plant

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   Nicotinic receptor causes depolarization. Muscarinic receptors can cause both depolarization or hyperpolarization depending on the subtype.   Q: Muscarinic receptors can cause both depolarization or hyperpolarization depending on the what?   A:
Answer: subtype

Question: Answer the following question given this paragraph:   The biosphere includes all living things within all of their environments. It includes every part of the environment where life exists, from the upper reaches of the atmosphere to the top few meters of soil, to the bottoms of the oceans. An ecosystem is made up of the relationships among smaller groups of organisms with each other, and with their environment. Scientists often speak of the interrelatedness of living things, because, according to evolutionary theory, organisms adapt to their environment, and they must also adapt to other organisms in that environment.   Q: What includes all living things within all their environments, including everywhere life exists, from the upper atmosphere, to the top of the soil, to ocean bottoms?   A:
Answer: