Problem: Process:  - Begin the party - Partake in activities - Bring out the cake - Sing 'Happy Birthday!' - Blow out the candles - Eat the cake - Open the presents -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose there are no candles on the cake happens, how will it affect less suspense after singing "Happy Birthday.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - Carbon dioxide enters the leaves through the stomates by diffusion - Water is transported to the leaves in the xylem - Energy harvested through light reaction is stored by forming ATP - Carbon dioxide and energy from ATP are used to create sugar - Oxygen exits the leaves through the stomata by diffusion - The plant reuses the water or the water exits through the stomata as water vapor.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose Less pollution is better for more trees. happens, how will it affect more seedlings survive longer.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - Owls have specially adapted eyes that see better at night - Owls sit at high points in trees and look around - When an owl spots a rodent they track it - When the rodent is standing still the owl swoops down - The owl grabs the rodent with their tallons - The owl uses their beak to eat the rodent.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less air pollution produced happens, how will it affect more owls see rodents.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: no


Problem: Process:  - As the sweat evaporates the sweat sheds molecules into the air - The sweat changes into a gas - Heat is drawn from the sweat - This process draws heat from the body - The evaporation also cools the remaining sweat on the body.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose less heat is drawn from the body happens, how will it affect MORE body cooling occurring.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: