Problem: Process:  - Magma rises through cracks in the Earth&#x27;s crust - The pressure causes plates to move - Magma explodes to the surface - The lava from the eruption cools to form new crust - After several eruptions, the rock builds up and a volcano forms -   Perturbation hypothesis: suppose geologic conditions cause less magma happens, how will it affect less magma cools to form new crust.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - Bread is exposed to the elements - Bread absorbs water from the air - Bread absorbs warmth from the air - Dust particles with mold spores fall on bread - Mold spores start to consume the bread for energy - Mold colonies grow until they are visible.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose bread is not eaten very quickly happens, how will it affect MORE mold forming on bread.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - Oxygen enters the body through the mouth or nose - The oxygen travels into the lungs - The oxygen binds to hemoglobin proteins within erythrocytes (red blood cells) - The erythrocytes are pumped through the body by the heart - All cells receive the oxygen.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose a person starts to hyperventilate happens, how will it affect more oxygen enters the body.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: yes


Problem: Process:  - Boil salt water - The water will turn into water vapor - Collect the water vapor - Allow the water vapor to cool - The water vapor will turn into liquid water - The salt will be separated from the water.  Perturbation hypothesis: suppose the process occurs at a desalination plant which specializes in the salt removal process happens, how will it affect more salt is separated out of the water.  Does the supposed perturbation have an effect (direct or indirect) on the process?

A: