#    Copyright 2011-2012 Kjell Braden <afflux@pentabarf.de>
#
#    This file is part of the python-potr library.
#
#    python-potr is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
#    it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#    the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
#    any later version.
#
#    python-potr is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
#    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
#    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
#    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
#
#    You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License
#    along with this library.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

# some python3 compatibility
from __future__ import unicode_literals

try:
    type(basestring)
except NameError:
    # all strings are unicode in python3k
    basestring = str
    unicode = str

# callable is not available in python 3.0 and 3.1
try:
    type(callable)
except NameError:
    from collections import Callable
    def callable(x):
        return isinstance(x, Callable)


import base64
import logging
import struct

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

from potr import crypt
from potr import proto
from potr import compatcrypto

from time import time

EXC_UNREADABLE_MESSAGE = 1
EXC_FINISHED = 2

HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL = 60
STATE_PLAINTEXT = 0
STATE_ENCRYPTED = 1
STATE_FINISHED = 2
FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL = 0
FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL_BUT_FIRST = 1
FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL_BUT_LAST = 2

OFFER_NOTSENT = 0
OFFER_SENT = 1
OFFER_REJECTED = 2
OFFER_ACCEPTED = 3

class Context(object):
    def __init__(self, account, peername):
        self.user = account
        self.peer = peername
        self.policy = {}
        self.crypto = crypt.CryptEngine(self)
        self.tagOffer = OFFER_NOTSENT
        self.mayRetransmit = 0
        self.lastSend = 0
        self.lastMessage = None
        self.state = STATE_PLAINTEXT
        self.trustName = self.peer

        self.fragmentInfo = None
        self.fragment = None
        self.discardFragment()

    def getPolicy(self, key):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def inject(self, msg, appdata=None):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def policyOtrEnabled(self):
        return self.getPolicy('ALLOW_V2') or self.getPolicy('ALLOW_V1')

    def discardFragment(self):
        self.fragmentInfo = (0, 0)
        self.fragment = []

    def fragmentAccumulate(self, message):
        '''Accumulate a fragmented message. Returns None if the fragment is
        to be ignored, returns a string if the message is ready for further
        processing'''

        params = message.split(b',')
        if len(params) < 5 or not params[1].isdigit() or not params[2].isdigit():
            logger.warning('invalid formed fragmented message: %r', params)
            self.discardFragment()
            return message


        K, N = self.fragmentInfo
        try:
            k = int(params[1])
            n = int(params[2])
        except ValueError:
            logger.warning('invalid formed fragmented message: %r', params)
            self.discardFragment()
            return message

        fragData = params[3]

        logger.debug(params)

        if n >= k == 1:
            # first fragment
            self.discardFragment()
            self.fragmentInfo = (k, n)
            self.fragment.append(fragData)
        elif N == n >= k > 1 and k == K+1:
            # accumulate
            self.fragmentInfo = (k, n)
            self.fragment.append(fragData)
        else:
            # bad, discard
            self.discardFragment()
            logger.warning('invalid fragmented message: %r', params)
            return message

        if n == k > 0:
            assembled = b''.join(self.fragment)
            self.discardFragment()
            return assembled

        return None

    def removeFingerprint(self, fingerprint):
        self.user.removeFingerprint(self.trustName, fingerprint)

    def setTrust(self, fingerprint, trustLevel):
        ''' sets the trust level for the given fingerprint.
        trust is usually:
            - the empty string for known but untrusted keys
            - 'verified' for manually verified keys
            - 'smp' for smp-style verified keys '''
        self.user.setTrust(self.trustName, fingerprint, trustLevel)

    def getTrust(self, fingerprint, default=None):
        return self.user.getTrust(self.trustName, fingerprint, default)

    def setCurrentTrust(self, trustLevel):
        self.setTrust(self.crypto.theirPubkey.cfingerprint(), trustLevel)

    def getCurrentKey(self):
        return self.crypto.theirPubkey

    def getCurrentTrust(self):
        ''' returns a 2-tuple: first element is the current fingerprint,
            second is:
            - None if the key is unknown yet
            - a non-empty string if the key is trusted
            - an empty string if the key is untrusted '''
        if self.crypto.theirPubkey is None:
            return None
        return self.getTrust(self.crypto.theirPubkey.cfingerprint(), None)

    def receiveMessage(self, messageData, appdata=None):
        IGN = None, []

        if not self.policyOtrEnabled():
            raise NotOTRMessage(messageData)

        message = self.parse(messageData)

        if message is None:
            # nothing to see. move along.
            return IGN

        logger.debug(repr(message))

        if self.getPolicy('SEND_TAG'):
            if isinstance(message, basestring):
                # received a plaintext message without tag
                # we should not tag anymore
                self.tagOffer = OFFER_REJECTED
            else:
                # got something OTR-ish, cool!
                self.tagOffer = OFFER_ACCEPTED

        if isinstance(message, proto.Query):
            self.handleQuery(message, appdata=appdata)

            if isinstance(message, proto.TaggedPlaintext):
                # it's actually a plaintext message
                if self.state != STATE_PLAINTEXT or \
                        self.getPolicy('REQUIRE_ENCRYPTION'):
                    # but we don't want plaintexts
                    raise UnencryptedMessage(message.msg)

                raise NotOTRMessage(message.msg)

            return IGN

        if isinstance(message, proto.AKEMessage):
            self.crypto.handleAKE(message, appdata=appdata)
            return IGN

        if isinstance(message, proto.DataMessage):
            ignore = message.flags & proto.MSGFLAGS_IGNORE_UNREADABLE

            if self.state != STATE_ENCRYPTED:
                self.sendInternal(proto.Error(
                        'You sent encrypted data, but I wasn\'t expecting it.'
                        .encode('utf-8')), appdata=appdata)
                if ignore:
                    return IGN
                raise NotEncryptedError(EXC_UNREADABLE_MESSAGE)

            try:
                plaintext, tlvs = self.crypto.handleDataMessage(message)
                self.processTLVs(tlvs, appdata=appdata)
                if plaintext and self.lastSend < time() - HEARTBEAT_INTERVAL:
                    self.sendInternal(b'', appdata=appdata)
                return plaintext or None, tlvs
            except crypt.InvalidParameterError:
                if ignore:
                    return IGN
                logger.exception('decryption failed')
                raise
        if isinstance(message, basestring):
            if self.state != STATE_PLAINTEXT or \
                    self.getPolicy('REQUIRE_ENCRYPTION'):
                raise UnencryptedMessage(message)

        if isinstance(message, proto.Error):
            raise ErrorReceived(message)

        raise NotOTRMessage(messageData)

    def sendInternal(self, msg, tlvs=[], appdata=None):
        self.sendMessage(FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL, msg, tlvs=tlvs, appdata=appdata,
                flags=proto.MSGFLAGS_IGNORE_UNREADABLE)

    def sendMessage(self, sendPolicy, msg, flags=0, tlvs=[], appdata=None):
        if self.policyOtrEnabled():
            self.lastSend = time()

            if isinstance(msg, proto.OTRMessage):
                # we want to send a protocol message (probably internal)
                # so we don't need further protocol encryption
                # also we can't add TLVs to arbitrary protocol messages
                if tlvs:
                    raise TypeError('can\'t add tlvs to protocol message')
            else:
                # we got plaintext to send. encrypt it
                msg = self.processOutgoingMessage(msg, flags, tlvs)

            if isinstance(msg, proto.OTRMessage) \
                    and not isinstance(msg, proto.Query):
                # if it's a query message, it must not get fragmented
                return self.sendFragmented(bytes(msg), policy=sendPolicy, appdata=appdata)
            else:
                msg = bytes(msg)
        return msg

    def processOutgoingMessage(self, msg, flags, tlvs=[]):
        isQuery = self.parseExplicitQuery(msg) is not None
        if isQuery:
            return self.user.getDefaultQueryMessage(self.getPolicy)

        if self.state == STATE_PLAINTEXT:
            if self.getPolicy('REQUIRE_ENCRYPTION'):
                if not isQuery:
                    self.lastMessage = msg
                    self.lastSend = time()
                    self.mayRetransmit = 2
                    # TODO notify
                    msg = self.user.getDefaultQueryMessage(self.getPolicy)
                return msg
            if self.getPolicy('SEND_TAG') and \
                self.tagOffer != OFFER_REJECTED and \
                self.shouldTagMessage(msg):
                self.tagOffer = OFFER_SENT
                versions = set()
                if self.getPolicy('ALLOW_V1'):
                    versions.add(1)
                if self.getPolicy('ALLOW_V2'):
                    versions.add(2)
                return proto.TaggedPlaintext(msg, versions)
            return msg
        if self.state == STATE_ENCRYPTED:
            msg = self.crypto.createDataMessage(msg, flags, tlvs)
            self.lastSend = time()
            return msg
        if self.state == STATE_FINISHED:
            raise NotEncryptedError(EXC_FINISHED)

    def disconnect(self, appdata=None):
        if self.state != STATE_FINISHED:
            self.sendInternal(b'', tlvs=[proto.DisconnectTLV()], appdata=appdata)
            self.setState(STATE_PLAINTEXT)
            self.crypto.finished()
        else:
            self.setState(STATE_PLAINTEXT)

    def setState(self, newstate):
        self.state = newstate

    def _wentEncrypted(self):
        self.setState(STATE_ENCRYPTED)

    def sendFragmented(self, msg, policy=FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL, appdata=None):
        mms = self.maxMessageSize(appdata)
        msgLen = len(msg)
        if mms != 0 and msgLen > mms:
            fms = mms - 19
            fragments = [ msg[i:i+fms] for i in range(0, msgLen, fms) ]

            fc = len(fragments)

            if fc > 65535:
                raise OverflowError('too many fragments')

            for fi in range(len(fragments)):
                ctr = unicode(fi+1) + ',' + unicode(fc) + ','
                fragments[fi] = b'?OTR,' + ctr.encode('ascii') \
                        + fragments[fi] + b','

            if policy == FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL:
                for f in fragments:
                    self.inject(f, appdata=appdata)
                return None
            elif policy == FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL_BUT_FIRST:
                for f in fragments[1:]:
                    self.inject(f, appdata=appdata)
                return fragments[0]
            elif policy == FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL_BUT_LAST:
                for f in fragments[:-1]:
                    self.inject(f, appdata=appdata)
                return fragments[-1]

        else:
            if policy == FRAGMENT_SEND_ALL:
                self.inject(msg, appdata=appdata)
                return None
            else:
                return msg

    def processTLVs(self, tlvs, appdata=None):
        for tlv in tlvs:
            if isinstance(tlv, proto.DisconnectTLV):
                logger.info('got disconnect tlv, forcing finished state')
                self.setState(STATE_FINISHED)
                self.crypto.finished()
                # TODO cleanup
                continue
            if isinstance(tlv, proto.SMPTLV):
                self.crypto.smpHandle(tlv, appdata=appdata)
                continue
            logger.info('got unhandled tlv: {0!r}'.format(tlv))

    def smpAbort(self, appdata=None):
        if self.state != STATE_ENCRYPTED:
            raise NotEncryptedError
        self.crypto.smpAbort(appdata=appdata)

    def smpIsValid(self):
        return self.crypto.smp and self.crypto.smp.prog != crypt.SMPPROG_CHEATED

    def smpIsSuccess(self):
        return self.crypto.smp.prog == crypt.SMPPROG_SUCCEEDED \
                if self.crypto.smp else None

    def smpGotSecret(self, secret, question=None, appdata=None):
        if self.state != STATE_ENCRYPTED:
            raise NotEncryptedError
        self.crypto.smpSecret(secret, question=question, appdata=appdata)

    def smpInit(self, secret, question=None, appdata=None):
        if self.state != STATE_ENCRYPTED:
            raise NotEncryptedError
        self.crypto.smp = None
        self.crypto.smpSecret(secret, question=question, appdata=appdata)

    def handleQuery(self, message, appdata=None):
        if 2 in message.versions and self.getPolicy('ALLOW_V2'):
            self.authStartV2(appdata=appdata)
        elif 1 in message.versions and self.getPolicy('ALLOW_V1'):
            self.authStartV1(appdata=appdata)

    def authStartV1(self, appdata=None):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def authStartV2(self, appdata=None):
        self.crypto.startAKE(appdata=appdata)

    def parseExplicitQuery(self, message):
        otrTagPos = message.find(proto.OTRTAG)

        if otrTagPos == -1:
            return None

        indexBase = otrTagPos + len(proto.OTRTAG)

        if len(message) <= indexBase:
            return None

        compare = message[indexBase]

        hasq = compare == b'?'[0]
        hasv = compare == b'v'[0]

        if not hasq and not hasv:
            return None

        hasv |= len(message) > indexBase+1 and message[indexBase+1] == b'v'[0]
        if hasv:
            end = message.find(b'?', indexBase+1)
        else:
            end = indexBase+1
        return message[indexBase:end]

    def parse(self, message, nofragment=False):
        otrTagPos = message.find(proto.OTRTAG)
        if otrTagPos == -1:
            if proto.MESSAGE_TAG_BASE in message:
                return proto.TaggedPlaintext.parse(message)
            else:
                return message

        indexBase = otrTagPos + len(proto.OTRTAG)

        if len(message) <= indexBase:
            return message

        compare = message[indexBase]

        if nofragment is False and compare == b','[0]:
            message = self.fragmentAccumulate(message[indexBase:])
            if message is None:
                return None
            else:
                return self.parse(message, nofragment=True)
        else:
            self.discardFragment()

        queryPayload = self.parseExplicitQuery(message)
        if queryPayload is not None:
            return proto.Query.parse(queryPayload)

        if compare == b':'[0] and len(message) > indexBase + 4:
            try:
                infoTag = base64.b64decode(message[indexBase+1:indexBase+5])
                classInfo = struct.unpack(b'!HB', infoTag)

                cls = proto.messageClasses.get(classInfo, None)
                if cls is None:
                    return message

                logger.debug('{user} got msg {typ!r}' \
                        .format(user=self.user.name, typ=cls))
                return cls.parsePayload(message[indexBase+5:])
            except (TypeError, struct.error):
                logger.exception('could not parse OTR message %s', message)
                return message

        if message[indexBase:indexBase+7] == b' Error:':
            return proto.Error(message[indexBase+7:])

        return message

    def maxMessageSize(self, appdata=None):
        """Return the max message size for this context."""
        return self.user.maxMessageSize

    def getExtraKey(self, extraKeyAppId=None, extraKeyAppData=None, appdata=None):
        """ retrieves the generated extra symmetric key.

        if extraKeyAppId is set, notifies the chat partner about intended
        usage (additional application specific information can be supplied in
        extraKeyAppData).

        returns the 256 bit symmetric key """

        if self.state != STATE_ENCRYPTED:
            raise NotEncryptedError
        if extraKeyAppId is not None:
            tlvs = [proto.ExtraKeyTLV(extraKeyAppId, extraKeyAppData)]
            self.sendInternal(b'', tlvs=tlvs, appdata=appdata)
        return self.crypto.extraKey

    def shouldTagMessage(self, msg):
        """Hook to decide whether to tag a message based on its contents."""
        return True

class Account(object):
    contextclass = Context
    def __init__(self, name, protocol, maxMessageSize, privkey=None):
        self.name = name
        self.privkey = privkey
        self.policy = {}
        self.protocol = protocol
        self.ctxs = {}
        self.trusts = {}
        self.maxMessageSize = maxMessageSize
        self.defaultQuery = '?OTRv{versions}?\nI would like to start ' \
                'an Off-the-Record private conversation. However, you ' \
                'do not have a plugin to support that.\nSee '\
                'https://otr.cypherpunks.ca/ for more information.'

    def __repr__(self):
        return '<{cls}(name={name!r})>'.format(cls=self.__class__.__name__,
                name=self.name)

    def getPrivkey(self, autogen=True):
        if self.privkey is None:
            self.privkey = self.loadPrivkey()
        if self.privkey is None:
            if autogen is True:
                self.privkey = compatcrypto.generateDefaultKey()
                self.savePrivkey()
            else:
                raise LookupError
        return self.privkey

    def loadPrivkey(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def savePrivkey(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def saveTrusts(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

    def getContext(self, uid, newCtxCb=None):
        if uid not in self.ctxs:
            self.ctxs[uid] = self.contextclass(self, uid)
            if callable(newCtxCb):
                newCtxCb(self.ctxs[uid])
        return self.ctxs[uid]

    def getDefaultQueryMessage(self, policy):
        v  = '2' if policy('ALLOW_V2') else ''
        msg = self.defaultQuery.format(versions=v)
        return msg.encode('ascii')

    def setTrust(self, key, fingerprint, trustLevel):
        if key not in self.trusts:
            self.trusts[key] = {}
        self.trusts[key][fingerprint] = trustLevel
        self.saveTrusts()

    def getTrust(self, key, fingerprint, default=None):
        if key not in self.trusts:
            return default
        return self.trusts[key].get(fingerprint, default)

    def removeFingerprint(self, key, fingerprint):
        if key in self.trusts and fingerprint in self.trusts[key]:
            del self.trusts[key][fingerprint]

class NotEncryptedError(RuntimeError):
    pass
class UnencryptedMessage(RuntimeError):
    pass
class ErrorReceived(RuntimeError):
    pass
class NotOTRMessage(RuntimeError):
    pass
