"""Base class for ensemble-based estimators."""

# Authors: Gilles Louppe
# License: BSD 3 clause

from abc import ABCMeta, abstractmethod
from typing import List
import warnings

import numpy as np

from joblib import effective_n_jobs

from ..base import clone
from ..base import is_classifier, is_regressor
from ..base import BaseEstimator
from ..base import MetaEstimatorMixin
from ..tree import (
    DecisionTreeRegressor,
    BaseDecisionTree,
    DecisionTreeClassifier,
)
from ..utils import Bunch, _print_elapsed_time, deprecated
from ..utils import check_random_state
from ..utils.metaestimators import _BaseComposition


def _fit_single_estimator(
    estimator, X, y, sample_weight=None, message_clsname=None, message=None
):
    """Private function used to fit an estimator within a job."""
    if sample_weight is not None:
        try:
            with _print_elapsed_time(message_clsname, message):
                estimator.fit(X, y, sample_weight=sample_weight)
        except TypeError as exc:
            if "unexpected keyword argument 'sample_weight'" in str(exc):
                raise TypeError(
                    "Underlying estimator {} does not support sample weights.".format(
                        estimator.__class__.__name__
                    )
                ) from exc
            raise
    else:
        with _print_elapsed_time(message_clsname, message):
            estimator.fit(X, y)
    return estimator


def _set_random_states(estimator, random_state=None):
    """Set fixed random_state parameters for an estimator.

    Finds all parameters ending ``random_state`` and sets them to integers
    derived from ``random_state``.

    Parameters
    ----------
    estimator : estimator supporting get/set_params
        Estimator with potential randomness managed by random_state
        parameters.

    random_state : int, RandomState instance or None, default=None
        Pseudo-random number generator to control the generation of the random
        integers. Pass an int for reproducible output across multiple function
        calls.
        See :term:`Glossary <random_state>`.

    Notes
    -----
    This does not necessarily set *all* ``random_state`` attributes that
    control an estimator's randomness, only those accessible through
    ``estimator.get_params()``.  ``random_state``s not controlled include
    those belonging to:

        * cross-validation splitters
        * ``scipy.stats`` rvs
    """
    random_state = check_random_state(random_state)
    to_set = {}
    for key in sorted(estimator.get_params(deep=True)):
        if key == "random_state" or key.endswith("__random_state"):
            to_set[key] = random_state.randint(np.iinfo(np.int32).max)

    if to_set:
        estimator.set_params(**to_set)


class BaseEnsemble(MetaEstimatorMixin, BaseEstimator, metaclass=ABCMeta):
    """Base class for all ensemble classes.

    Warning: This class should not be used directly. Use derived classes
    instead.

    Parameters
    ----------
    estimator : object
        The base estimator from which the ensemble is built.

    n_estimators : int, default=10
        The number of estimators in the ensemble.

    estimator_params : list of str, default=tuple()
        The list of attributes to use as parameters when instantiating a
        new base estimator. If none are given, default parameters are used.

    base_estimator : object, default="deprecated"
        Use `estimator` instead.

        .. deprecated:: 1.2
            `base_estimator` is deprecated and will be removed in 1.4.
            Use `estimator` instead.

    Attributes
    ----------
    estimator_ : estimator
        The base estimator from which the ensemble is grown.

    base_estimator_ : estimator
        The base estimator from which the ensemble is grown.

        .. deprecated:: 1.2
            `base_estimator_` is deprecated and will be removed in 1.4.
            Use `estimator_` instead.

    estimators_ : list of estimators
        The collection of fitted base estimators.
    """

    # overwrite _required_parameters from MetaEstimatorMixin
    _required_parameters: List[str] = []

    @abstractmethod
    def __init__(
        self,
        estimator=None,
        *,
        n_estimators=10,
        estimator_params=tuple(),
        base_estimator="deprecated",
    ):
        # Set parameters
        self.estimator = estimator
        self.n_estimators = n_estimators
        self.estimator_params = estimator_params
        self.base_estimator = base_estimator

        # Don't instantiate estimators now! Parameters of base_estimator might
        # still change. Eg., when grid-searching with the nested object syntax.
        # self.estimators_ needs to be filled by the derived classes in fit.

    def _validate_estimator(self, default=None):
        """Check the base estimator.

        Sets the `estimator_` attributes.
        """
        if self.estimator is not None and (
            self.base_estimator not in [None, "deprecated"]
        ):
            raise ValueError(
                "Both `estimator` and `base_estimator` were set. Only set `estimator`."
            )

        if self.estimator is not None:
            self.estimator_ = self.estimator
        elif self.base_estimator not in [None, "deprecated"]:
            warnings.warn(
                "`base_estimator` was renamed to `estimator` in version 1.2 and "
                "will be removed in 1.4.",
                FutureWarning,
            )
            self.estimator_ = self.base_estimator
        else:
            self.estimator_ = default

    # TODO(1.4): remove
    # mypy error: Decorated property not supported
    @deprecated(  # type: ignore
        "Attribute `base_estimator_` was deprecated in version 1.2 and will be removed "
        "in 1.4. Use `estimator_` instead."
    )
    @property
    def base_estimator_(self):
        """Estimator used to grow the ensemble."""
        return self.estimator_

    def _make_estimator(self, append=True, random_state=None):
        """Make and configure a copy of the `estimator_` attribute.

        Warning: This method should be used to properly instantiate new
        sub-estimators.
        """
        estimator = clone(self.estimator_)
        estimator.set_params(**{p: getattr(self, p) for p in self.estimator_params})

        # TODO(1.3): Remove
        # max_features = 'auto' would cause warnings in every call to
        # Tree.fit(..)
        if isinstance(estimator, BaseDecisionTree):
            if getattr(estimator, "max_features", None) == "auto":
                if isinstance(estimator, DecisionTreeClassifier):
                    estimator.set_params(max_features="sqrt")
                elif isinstance(estimator, DecisionTreeRegressor):
                    estimator.set_params(max_features=1.0)

        if random_state is not None:
            _set_random_states(estimator, random_state)

        if append:
            self.estimators_.append(estimator)

        return estimator

    def __len__(self):
        """Return the number of estimators in the ensemble."""
        return len(self.estimators_)

    def __getitem__(self, index):
        """Return the index'th estimator in the ensemble."""
        return self.estimators_[index]

    def __iter__(self):
        """Return iterator over estimators in the ensemble."""
        return iter(self.estimators_)


def _partition_estimators(n_estimators, n_jobs):
    """Private function used to partition estimators between jobs."""
    # Compute the number of jobs
    n_jobs = min(effective_n_jobs(n_jobs), n_estimators)

    # Partition estimators between jobs
    n_estimators_per_job = np.full(n_jobs, n_estimators // n_jobs, dtype=int)
    n_estimators_per_job[: n_estimators % n_jobs] += 1
    starts = np.cumsum(n_estimators_per_job)

    return n_jobs, n_estimators_per_job.tolist(), [0] + starts.tolist()


class _BaseHeterogeneousEnsemble(
    MetaEstimatorMixin, _BaseComposition, metaclass=ABCMeta
):
    """Base class for heterogeneous ensemble of learners.

    Parameters
    ----------
    estimators : list of (str, estimator) tuples
        The ensemble of estimators to use in the ensemble. Each element of the
        list is defined as a tuple of string (i.e. name of the estimator) and
        an estimator instance. An estimator can be set to `'drop'` using
        `set_params`.

    Attributes
    ----------
    estimators_ : list of estimators
        The elements of the estimators parameter, having been fitted on the
        training data. If an estimator has been set to `'drop'`, it will not
        appear in `estimators_`.
    """

    _required_parameters = ["estimators"]

    @property
    def named_estimators(self):
        """Dictionary to access any fitted sub-estimators by name.

        Returns
        -------
        :class:`~sklearn.utils.Bunch`
        """
        return Bunch(**dict(self.estimators))

    @abstractmethod
    def __init__(self, estimators):
        self.estimators = estimators

    def _validate_estimators(self):
        if len(self.estimators) == 0:
            raise ValueError(
                "Invalid 'estimators' attribute, 'estimators' should be a "
                "non-empty list of (string, estimator) tuples."
            )
        names, estimators = zip(*self.estimators)
        # defined by MetaEstimatorMixin
        self._validate_names(names)

        has_estimator = any(est != "drop" for est in estimators)
        if not has_estimator:
            raise ValueError(
                "All estimators are dropped. At least one is required "
                "to be an estimator."
            )

        is_estimator_type = is_classifier if is_classifier(self) else is_regressor

        for est in estimators:
            if est != "drop" and not is_estimator_type(est):
                raise ValueError(
                    "The estimator {} should be a {}.".format(
                        est.__class__.__name__, is_estimator_type.__name__[3:]
                    )
                )

        return names, estimators

    def set_params(self, **params):
        """
        Set the parameters of an estimator from the ensemble.

        Valid parameter keys can be listed with `get_params()`. Note that you
        can directly set the parameters of the estimators contained in
        `estimators`.

        Parameters
        ----------
        **params : keyword arguments
            Specific parameters using e.g.
            `set_params(parameter_name=new_value)`. In addition, to setting the
            parameters of the estimator, the individual estimator of the
            estimators can also be set, or can be removed by setting them to
            'drop'.

        Returns
        -------
        self : object
            Estimator instance.
        """
        super()._set_params("estimators", **params)
        return self

    def get_params(self, deep=True):
        """
        Get the parameters of an estimator from the ensemble.

        Returns the parameters given in the constructor as well as the
        estimators contained within the `estimators` parameter.

        Parameters
        ----------
        deep : bool, default=True
            Setting it to True gets the various estimators and the parameters
            of the estimators as well.

        Returns
        -------
        params : dict
            Parameter and estimator names mapped to their values or parameter
            names mapped to their values.
        """
        return super()._get_params("estimators", deep=deep)
