# Copyright 2022 TSAIL Team and The HuggingFace Team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
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# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
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# DISCLAIMER: This file is strongly influenced by https://github.com/LuChengTHU/dpm-solver

import math
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import numpy as np
import torch

from ..configuration_utils import ConfigMixin, register_to_config
from .scheduling_utils import SchedulerMixin, SchedulerOutput


def betas_for_alpha_bar(num_diffusion_timesteps, max_beta=0.999):
    """
    Create a beta schedule that discretizes the given alpha_t_bar function, which defines the cumulative product of
    (1-beta) over time from t = [0,1].

    Contains a function alpha_bar that takes an argument t and transforms it to the cumulative product of (1-beta) up
    to that part of the diffusion process.


    Args:
        num_diffusion_timesteps (`int`): the number of betas to produce.
        max_beta (`float`): the maximum beta to use; use values lower than 1 to
                     prevent singularities.

    Returns:
        betas (`np.ndarray`): the betas used by the scheduler to step the model outputs
    """

    def alpha_bar(time_step):
        return math.cos((time_step + 0.008) / 1.008 * math.pi / 2) ** 2

    betas = []
    for i in range(num_diffusion_timesteps):
        t1 = i / num_diffusion_timesteps
        t2 = (i + 1) / num_diffusion_timesteps
        betas.append(min(1 - alpha_bar(t2) / alpha_bar(t1), max_beta))
    return torch.tensor(betas, dtype=torch.float32)


class DPMSolverMultistepScheduler(SchedulerMixin, ConfigMixin):
    """
    DPM-Solver (and the improved version DPM-Solver++) is a fast dedicated high-order solver for diffusion ODEs with
    the convergence order guarantee. Empirically, sampling by DPM-Solver with only 20 steps can generate high-quality
    samples, and it can generate quite good samples even in only 10 steps.

    For more details, see the original paper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927 and https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01095

    Currently, we support the multistep DPM-Solver for both noise prediction models and data prediction models. We
    recommend to use `solver_order=2` for guided sampling, and `solver_order=3` for unconditional sampling.

    We also support the "dynamic thresholding" method in Imagen (https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11487). For pixel-space
    diffusion models, you can set both `algorithm_type="dpmsolver++"` and `thresholding=True` to use the dynamic
    thresholding. Note that the thresholding method is unsuitable for latent-space diffusion models (such as
    stable-diffusion).

    [`~ConfigMixin`] takes care of storing all config attributes that are passed in the scheduler's `__init__`
    function, such as `num_train_timesteps`. They can be accessed via `scheduler.config.num_train_timesteps`.
    [`~ConfigMixin`] also provides general loading and saving functionality via the [`~ConfigMixin.save_config`] and
    [`~ConfigMixin.from_config`] functions.

    Args:
        num_train_timesteps (`int`): number of diffusion steps used to train the model.
        beta_start (`float`): the starting `beta` value of inference.
        beta_end (`float`): the final `beta` value.
        beta_schedule (`str`):
            the beta schedule, a mapping from a beta range to a sequence of betas for stepping the model. Choose from
            `linear`, `scaled_linear`, or `squaredcos_cap_v2`.
        trained_betas (`np.ndarray`, optional):
            option to pass an array of betas directly to the constructor to bypass `beta_start`, `beta_end` etc.
        solver_order (`int`, default `2`):
            the order of DPM-Solver; can be `1` or `2` or `3`. We recommend to use `solver_order=2` for guided
            sampling, and `solver_order=3` for unconditional sampling.
        predict_epsilon (`bool`, default `True`):
            we currently support both the noise prediction model and the data prediction model. If the model predicts
            the noise / epsilon, set `predict_epsilon` to `True`. If the model predicts the data / x0 directly, set
            `predict_epsilon` to `False`.
        thresholding (`bool`, default `False`):
            whether to use the "dynamic thresholding" method (introduced by Imagen, https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11487).
            For pixel-space diffusion models, you can set both `algorithm_type=dpmsolver++` and `thresholding=True` to
            use the dynamic thresholding. Note that the thresholding method is unsuitable for latent-space diffusion
            models (such as stable-diffusion).
        dynamic_thresholding_ratio (`float`, default `0.995`):
            the ratio for the dynamic thresholding method. Default is `0.995`, the same as Imagen
            (https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11487).
        sample_max_value (`float`, default `1.0`):
            the threshold value for dynamic thresholding. Valid only when `thresholding=True` and
            `algorithm_type="dpmsolver++`.
        algorithm_type (`str`, default `dpmsolver++`):
            the algorithm type for the solver. Either `dpmsolver` or `dpmsolver++`. The `dpmsolver` type implements the
            algorithms in https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927, and the `dpmsolver++` type implements the algorithms in
            https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01095. We recommend to use `dpmsolver++` with `solver_order=2` for guided
            sampling (e.g. stable-diffusion).
        solver_type (`str`, default `midpoint`):
            the solver type for the second-order solver. Either `midpoint` or `heun`. The solver type slightly affects
            the sample quality, especially for small number of steps. We empirically find that `midpoint` solvers are
            slightly better, so we recommend to use the `midpoint` type.
        lower_order_final (`bool`, default `True`):
            whether to use lower-order solvers in the final steps. Only valid for < 15 inference steps. We empirically
            find this trick can stabilize the sampling of DPM-Solver for steps < 15, especially for steps <= 10.

    """

    _compatible_classes = [
        "DDIMScheduler",
        "DDPMScheduler",
        "PNDMScheduler",
        "LMSDiscreteScheduler",
        "EulerDiscreteScheduler",
        "EulerAncestralDiscreteScheduler",
    ]

    @register_to_config
    def __init__(
        self,
        num_train_timesteps: int = 1000,
        beta_start: float = 0.0001,
        beta_end: float = 0.02,
        beta_schedule: str = "linear",
        trained_betas: Optional[np.ndarray] = None,
        solver_order: int = 2,
        predict_epsilon: bool = True,
        thresholding: bool = False,
        dynamic_thresholding_ratio: float = 0.995,
        sample_max_value: float = 1.0,
        algorithm_type: str = "dpmsolver++",
        solver_type: str = "midpoint",
        lower_order_final: bool = True,
    ):
        if trained_betas is not None:
            self.betas = torch.from_numpy(trained_betas)
        elif beta_schedule == "linear":
            self.betas = torch.linspace(beta_start, beta_end, num_train_timesteps, dtype=torch.float32)
        elif beta_schedule == "scaled_linear":
            # this schedule is very specific to the latent diffusion model.
            self.betas = (
                torch.linspace(beta_start**0.5, beta_end**0.5, num_train_timesteps, dtype=torch.float32) ** 2
            )
        elif beta_schedule == "squaredcos_cap_v2":
            # Glide cosine schedule
            self.betas = betas_for_alpha_bar(num_train_timesteps)
        else:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"{beta_schedule} does is not implemented for {self.__class__}")

        self.alphas = 1.0 - self.betas
        self.alphas_cumprod = torch.cumprod(self.alphas, dim=0)
        # Currently we only support VP-type noise schedule
        self.alpha_t = torch.sqrt(self.alphas_cumprod)
        self.sigma_t = torch.sqrt(1 - self.alphas_cumprod)
        self.lambda_t = torch.log(self.alpha_t) - torch.log(self.sigma_t)

        # standard deviation of the initial noise distribution
        self.init_noise_sigma = 1.0

        # settings for DPM-Solver
        if algorithm_type not in ["dpmsolver", "dpmsolver++"]:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"{algorithm_type} does is not implemented for {self.__class__}")
        if solver_type not in ["midpoint", "heun"]:
            raise NotImplementedError(f"{solver_type} does is not implemented for {self.__class__}")

        # setable values
        self.num_inference_steps = None
        timesteps = np.linspace(0, num_train_timesteps - 1, num_train_timesteps, dtype=np.float32)[::-1].copy()
        self.timesteps = torch.from_numpy(timesteps)
        self.model_outputs = [None] * solver_order
        self.lower_order_nums = 0

    def set_timesteps(self, num_inference_steps: int, device: Union[str, torch.device] = None):
        """
        Sets the timesteps used for the diffusion chain. Supporting function to be run before inference.

        Args:
            num_inference_steps (`int`):
                the number of diffusion steps used when generating samples with a pre-trained model.
            device (`str` or `torch.device`, optional):
                the device to which the timesteps should be moved to. If `None`, the timesteps are not moved.
        """
        self.num_inference_steps = num_inference_steps
        timesteps = (
            np.linspace(0, self.num_train_timesteps - 1, num_inference_steps + 1)
            .round()[::-1][:-1]
            .copy()
            .astype(np.int64)
        )
        self.timesteps = torch.from_numpy(timesteps).to(device)
        self.model_outputs = [
            None,
        ] * self.config.solver_order
        self.lower_order_nums = 0

    def convert_model_output(
        self, model_output: torch.FloatTensor, timestep: int, sample: torch.FloatTensor
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """
        Convert the model output to the corresponding type that the algorithm (DPM-Solver / DPM-Solver++) needs.

        DPM-Solver is designed to discretize an integral of the noise prediciton model, and DPM-Solver++ is designed to
        discretize an integral of the data prediction model. So we need to first convert the model output to the
        corresponding type to match the algorithm.

        Note that the algorithm type and the model type is decoupled. That is to say, we can use either DPM-Solver or
        DPM-Solver++ for both noise prediction model and data prediction model.

        Args:
            model_output (`torch.FloatTensor`): direct output from learned diffusion model.
            timestep (`int`): current discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                current instance of sample being created by diffusion process.

        Returns:
            `torch.FloatTensor`: the converted model output.
        """
        # DPM-Solver++ needs to solve an integral of the data prediction model.
        if self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver++":
            if self.config.predict_epsilon:
                alpha_t, sigma_t = self.alpha_t[timestep], self.sigma_t[timestep]
                x0_pred = (sample - sigma_t * model_output) / alpha_t
            else:
                x0_pred = model_output
            if self.config.thresholding:
                # Dynamic thresholding in https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11487
                dynamic_max_val = torch.quantile(
                    torch.abs(x0_pred).reshape((x0_pred.shape[0], -1)), self.config.dynamic_thresholding_ratio, dim=1
                )
                dynamic_max_val = torch.maximum(
                    dynamic_max_val,
                    self.config.sample_max_value * torch.ones_like(dynamic_max_val).to(dynamic_max_val.device),
                )[(...,) + (None,) * (x0_pred.ndim - 1)]
                x0_pred = torch.clamp(x0_pred, -dynamic_max_val, dynamic_max_val) / dynamic_max_val
            return x0_pred
        # DPM-Solver needs to solve an integral of the noise prediction model.
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            if self.config.predict_epsilon:
                return model_output
            else:
                alpha_t, sigma_t = self.alpha_t[timestep], self.sigma_t[timestep]
                epsilon = (sample - alpha_t * model_output) / sigma_t
                return epsilon

    def dpm_solver_first_order_update(
        self,
        model_output: torch.FloatTensor,
        timestep: int,
        prev_timestep: int,
        sample: torch.FloatTensor,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """
        One step for the first-order DPM-Solver (equivalent to DDIM).

        See https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927 for the detailed derivation.

        Args:
            model_output (`torch.FloatTensor`): direct output from learned diffusion model.
            timestep (`int`): current discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            prev_timestep (`int`): previous discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                current instance of sample being created by diffusion process.

        Returns:
            `torch.FloatTensor`: the sample tensor at the previous timestep.
        """
        lambda_t, lambda_s = self.lambda_t[prev_timestep], self.lambda_t[timestep]
        alpha_t, alpha_s = self.alpha_t[prev_timestep], self.alpha_t[timestep]
        sigma_t, sigma_s = self.sigma_t[prev_timestep], self.sigma_t[timestep]
        h = lambda_t - lambda_s
        if self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver++":
            x_t = (sigma_t / sigma_s) * sample - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * model_output
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            x_t = (alpha_t / alpha_s) * sample - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * model_output
        return x_t

    def multistep_dpm_solver_second_order_update(
        self,
        model_output_list: List[torch.FloatTensor],
        timestep_list: List[int],
        prev_timestep: int,
        sample: torch.FloatTensor,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """
        One step for the second-order multistep DPM-Solver.

        Args:
            model_output_list (`List[torch.FloatTensor]`):
                direct outputs from learned diffusion model at current and latter timesteps.
            timestep (`int`): current and latter discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            prev_timestep (`int`): previous discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                current instance of sample being created by diffusion process.

        Returns:
            `torch.FloatTensor`: the sample tensor at the previous timestep.
        """
        t, s0, s1 = prev_timestep, timestep_list[-1], timestep_list[-2]
        m0, m1 = model_output_list[-1], model_output_list[-2]
        lambda_t, lambda_s0, lambda_s1 = self.lambda_t[t], self.lambda_t[s0], self.lambda_t[s1]
        alpha_t, alpha_s0 = self.alpha_t[t], self.alpha_t[s0]
        sigma_t, sigma_s0 = self.sigma_t[t], self.sigma_t[s0]
        h, h_0 = lambda_t - lambda_s0, lambda_s0 - lambda_s1
        r0 = h_0 / h
        D0, D1 = m0, (1.0 / r0) * (m0 - m1)
        if self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver++":
            # See https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01095 for detailed derivations
            if self.config.solver_type == "midpoint":
                x_t = (
                    (sigma_t / sigma_s0) * sample
                    - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    - 0.5 * (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D1
                )
            elif self.config.solver_type == "heun":
                x_t = (
                    (sigma_t / sigma_s0) * sample
                    - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    + (alpha_t * ((torch.exp(-h) - 1.0) / h + 1.0)) * D1
                )
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            # See https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927 for detailed derivations
            if self.config.solver_type == "midpoint":
                x_t = (
                    (alpha_t / alpha_s0) * sample
                    - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    - 0.5 * (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D1
                )
            elif self.config.solver_type == "heun":
                x_t = (
                    (alpha_t / alpha_s0) * sample
                    - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D0
                    - (sigma_t * ((torch.exp(h) - 1.0) / h - 1.0)) * D1
                )
        return x_t

    def multistep_dpm_solver_third_order_update(
        self,
        model_output_list: List[torch.FloatTensor],
        timestep_list: List[int],
        prev_timestep: int,
        sample: torch.FloatTensor,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """
        One step for the third-order multistep DPM-Solver.

        Args:
            model_output_list (`List[torch.FloatTensor]`):
                direct outputs from learned diffusion model at current and latter timesteps.
            timestep (`int`): current and latter discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            prev_timestep (`int`): previous discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                current instance of sample being created by diffusion process.

        Returns:
            `torch.FloatTensor`: the sample tensor at the previous timestep.
        """
        t, s0, s1, s2 = prev_timestep, timestep_list[-1], timestep_list[-2], timestep_list[-3]
        m0, m1, m2 = model_output_list[-1], model_output_list[-2], model_output_list[-3]
        lambda_t, lambda_s0, lambda_s1, lambda_s2 = (
            self.lambda_t[t],
            self.lambda_t[s0],
            self.lambda_t[s1],
            self.lambda_t[s2],
        )
        alpha_t, alpha_s0 = self.alpha_t[t], self.alpha_t[s0]
        sigma_t, sigma_s0 = self.sigma_t[t], self.sigma_t[s0]
        h, h_0, h_1 = lambda_t - lambda_s0, lambda_s0 - lambda_s1, lambda_s1 - lambda_s2
        r0, r1 = h_0 / h, h_1 / h
        D0 = m0
        D1_0, D1_1 = (1.0 / r0) * (m0 - m1), (1.0 / r1) * (m1 - m2)
        D1 = D1_0 + (r0 / (r0 + r1)) * (D1_0 - D1_1)
        D2 = (1.0 / (r0 + r1)) * (D1_0 - D1_1)
        if self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver++":
            # See https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927 for detailed derivations
            x_t = (
                (sigma_t / sigma_s0) * sample
                - (alpha_t * (torch.exp(-h) - 1.0)) * D0
                + (alpha_t * ((torch.exp(-h) - 1.0) / h + 1.0)) * D1
                - (alpha_t * ((torch.exp(-h) - 1.0 + h) / h**2 - 0.5)) * D2
            )
        elif self.config.algorithm_type == "dpmsolver":
            # See https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.00927 for detailed derivations
            x_t = (
                (alpha_t / alpha_s0) * sample
                - (sigma_t * (torch.exp(h) - 1.0)) * D0
                - (sigma_t * ((torch.exp(h) - 1.0) / h - 1.0)) * D1
                - (sigma_t * ((torch.exp(h) - 1.0 - h) / h**2 - 0.5)) * D2
            )
        return x_t

    def step(
        self,
        model_output: torch.FloatTensor,
        timestep: int,
        sample: torch.FloatTensor,
        return_dict: bool = True,
    ) -> Union[SchedulerOutput, Tuple]:
        """
        Step function propagating the sample with the multistep DPM-Solver.

        Args:
            model_output (`torch.FloatTensor`): direct output from learned diffusion model.
            timestep (`int`): current discrete timestep in the diffusion chain.
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`):
                current instance of sample being created by diffusion process.
            return_dict (`bool`): option for returning tuple rather than SchedulerOutput class

        Returns:
            [`~scheduling_utils.SchedulerOutput`] or `tuple`: [`~scheduling_utils.SchedulerOutput`] if `return_dict` is
            True, otherwise a `tuple`. When returning a tuple, the first element is the sample tensor.

        """
        if self.num_inference_steps is None:
            raise ValueError(
                "Number of inference steps is 'None', you need to run 'set_timesteps' after creating the scheduler"
            )

        if isinstance(timestep, torch.Tensor):
            timestep = timestep.to(self.timesteps.device)
        step_index = (self.timesteps == timestep).nonzero()
        if len(step_index) == 0:
            step_index = len(self.timesteps) - 1
        else:
            step_index = step_index.item()
        prev_timestep = 0 if step_index == len(self.timesteps) - 1 else self.timesteps[step_index + 1]
        lower_order_final = (
            (step_index == len(self.timesteps) - 1) and self.config.lower_order_final and len(self.timesteps) < 15
        )
        lower_order_second = (
            (step_index == len(self.timesteps) - 2) and self.config.lower_order_final and len(self.timesteps) < 15
        )

        model_output = self.convert_model_output(model_output, timestep, sample)
        for i in range(self.config.solver_order - 1):
            self.model_outputs[i] = self.model_outputs[i + 1]
        self.model_outputs[-1] = model_output

        if self.config.solver_order == 1 or self.lower_order_nums < 1 or lower_order_final:
            prev_sample = self.dpm_solver_first_order_update(model_output, timestep, prev_timestep, sample)
        elif self.config.solver_order == 2 or self.lower_order_nums < 2 or lower_order_second:
            timestep_list = [self.timesteps[step_index - 1], timestep]
            prev_sample = self.multistep_dpm_solver_second_order_update(
                self.model_outputs, timestep_list, prev_timestep, sample
            )
        else:
            timestep_list = [self.timesteps[step_index - 2], self.timesteps[step_index - 1], timestep]
            prev_sample = self.multistep_dpm_solver_third_order_update(
                self.model_outputs, timestep_list, prev_timestep, sample
            )

        if self.lower_order_nums < self.config.solver_order:
            self.lower_order_nums += 1

        if not return_dict:
            return (prev_sample,)

        return SchedulerOutput(prev_sample=prev_sample)

    def scale_model_input(self, sample: torch.FloatTensor, *args, **kwargs) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        """
        Ensures interchangeability with schedulers that need to scale the denoising model input depending on the
        current timestep.

        Args:
            sample (`torch.FloatTensor`): input sample

        Returns:
            `torch.FloatTensor`: scaled input sample
        """
        return sample

    def add_noise(
        self,
        original_samples: torch.FloatTensor,
        noise: torch.FloatTensor,
        timesteps: torch.IntTensor,
    ) -> torch.FloatTensor:
        # Make sure alphas_cumprod and timestep have same device and dtype as original_samples
        self.alphas_cumprod = self.alphas_cumprod.to(device=original_samples.device, dtype=original_samples.dtype)
        timesteps = timesteps.to(original_samples.device)

        sqrt_alpha_prod = self.alphas_cumprod[timesteps] ** 0.5
        sqrt_alpha_prod = sqrt_alpha_prod.flatten()
        while len(sqrt_alpha_prod.shape) < len(original_samples.shape):
            sqrt_alpha_prod = sqrt_alpha_prod.unsqueeze(-1)

        sqrt_one_minus_alpha_prod = (1 - self.alphas_cumprod[timesteps]) ** 0.5
        sqrt_one_minus_alpha_prod = sqrt_one_minus_alpha_prod.flatten()
        while len(sqrt_one_minus_alpha_prod.shape) < len(original_samples.shape):
            sqrt_one_minus_alpha_prod = sqrt_one_minus_alpha_prod.unsqueeze(-1)

        noisy_samples = sqrt_alpha_prod * original_samples + sqrt_one_minus_alpha_prod * noise
        return noisy_samples

    def __len__(self):
        return self.config.num_train_timesteps
