# Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
#
# This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
# LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.

from __future__ import annotations

import math
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Union

import torch
from torch import Tensor
from torch.nn import Parameter


class HomotopySchedule(ABC):
    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def num_steps(self) -> int:
        """Number of steps in the schedule."""
        pass

    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def value(self) -> Any:
        """Current value in the schedule."""
        pass

    @property
    @abstractmethod
    def should_stop(self) -> bool:
        """Return true if we have incremented past the end of the schedule."""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def restart(self) -> None:
        """Restart the schedule to start from the beginning."""
        pass

    @abstractmethod
    def step(self) -> None:
        """Move to solving the next problem."""
        pass


class FixedHomotopySchedule(HomotopySchedule):
    """Homotopy schedule with a fixed list of values."""

    def __init__(self, values: List[Any]) -> None:
        r"""Initialize FixedHomotopySchedule.

        Args:
            values: A list of values used in homotopy
        """
        self._values = values
        self.idx = 0

    @property
    def num_steps(self) -> int:
        return len(self._values)

    @property
    def value(self) -> Any:
        return self._values[self.idx]

    @property
    def should_stop(self) -> bool:
        return self.idx == len(self._values)

    def restart(self) -> None:
        self.idx = 0

    def step(self) -> None:
        self.idx += 1


class LinearHomotopySchedule(FixedHomotopySchedule):
    """Linear homotopy schedule."""

    def __init__(self, start: float, end: float, num_steps: int) -> None:
        r"""Initialize LinearHomotopySchedule.

        Args:
            start: start value of homotopy
            end: end value of homotopy
            num_steps: number of steps in the homotopy schedule.
        """
        super().__init__(
            values=torch.linspace(start, end, num_steps, dtype=torch.double).tolist()
        )


class LogLinearHomotopySchedule(FixedHomotopySchedule):
    """Log-linear homotopy schedule."""

    def __init__(self, start: float, end: float, num_steps: int):
        r"""Initialize LogLinearHomotopySchedule.

        Args:
            start: start value of homotopy
            end: end value of homotopy
            num_steps: number of steps in the homotopy schedule.
        """
        super().__init__(
            values=torch.logspace(
                math.log10(start), math.log10(end), num_steps, dtype=torch.double
            ).tolist()
        )


@dataclass
class HomotopyParameter:
    r"""Homotopy parameter.

    The parameter is expected to either be a torch parameter or a torch tensor which may
    correspond to a buffer of a module. The parameter has a corresponding schedule.
    """
    parameter: Union[Parameter, Tensor]
    schedule: HomotopySchedule


class Homotopy:
    """Generic homotopy class.

    This class is designed to be used in `optimize_acqf_homotopy`. Given a set of
    homotopy parameters and corresponding schedules we step through the homotopies
    until we have solved the final problem. We additionally support passing in a list
    of callbacks that will be executed each time `step`, `reset`, and `restart` are
    called.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        homotopy_parameters: List[HomotopyParameter],
        callbacks: Optional[List[Callable]] = None,
    ) -> None:
        r"""Initialize the homotopy.

        Args:
            homotopy_parameters: List of homotopy parameters
            callbacks: Optional list of callbacks that are executed each time
                `restart`, `reset`, or `step` are called. These may be used to, e.g.,
                reinitialize the acquisition function which is needed when using qNEHVI.
        """
        # TODO: Check inputs
        self._homotopy_parameters = homotopy_parameters
        self._callbacks = callbacks or []
        self._original_values = [
            hp.parameter.item() for hp in self._homotopy_parameters
        ]
        assert all(
            isinstance(hp.parameter, Parameter) or isinstance(hp.parameter, Tensor)
            for hp in self._homotopy_parameters
        )
        # Assume the same number of steps for now
        assert len({h.schedule.num_steps for h in self._homotopy_parameters}) == 1
        # Initialize the homotopy parameters
        self.restart()

    def _execute_callbacks(self) -> None:
        """Execute the callbacks."""
        for callback in self._callbacks:
            callback()

    @property
    def should_stop(self) -> bool:
        """Returns true if all schedules have reached the end."""
        return all(h.schedule.should_stop for h in self._homotopy_parameters)

    def restart(self) -> None:
        """Restart the homotopy to use the initial value in the schedule."""
        for hp in self._homotopy_parameters:
            hp.schedule.restart()
            hp.parameter.data.fill_(hp.schedule.value)
        self._execute_callbacks()

    def reset(self) -> None:
        """Reset the homotopy parameter to their original values."""
        for hp, val in zip(self._homotopy_parameters, self._original_values):
            hp.parameter.data.fill_(val)
        self._execute_callbacks()

    def step(self) -> None:
        """Take a step according to the schedules."""
        for hp in self._homotopy_parameters:
            hp.schedule.step()
            if not hp.schedule.should_stop:
                hp.parameter.data.fill_(hp.schedule.value)
        self._execute_callbacks()
