# Copyright (c) MONAI Consortium
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

from __future__ import annotations

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

from monai.utils import optional_import

Rearrange, _ = optional_import("einops.layers.torch", name="Rearrange")


class SABlock(nn.Module):
    """
    A self-attention block, based on: "Dosovitskiy et al.,
    An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale <https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929>"
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        hidden_size: int,
        num_heads: int,
        dropout_rate: float = 0.0,
        qkv_bias: bool = False,
        save_attn: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        """
        Args:
            hidden_size (int): dimension of hidden layer.
            num_heads (int): number of attention heads.
            dropout_rate (float, optional): faction of the input units to drop. Defaults to 0.0.
            qkv_bias (bool, optional): bias term for the qkv linear layer. Defaults to False.
            save_attn (bool, optional): to make accessible the attention matrix. Defaults to False.

        """

        super().__init__()

        if not (0 <= dropout_rate <= 1):
            raise ValueError("dropout_rate should be between 0 and 1.")

        if hidden_size % num_heads != 0:
            raise ValueError("hidden size should be divisible by num_heads.")

        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.out_proj = nn.Linear(hidden_size, hidden_size)
        self.qkv = nn.Linear(hidden_size, hidden_size * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.input_rearrange = Rearrange("b h (qkv l d) -> qkv b l h d", qkv=3, l=num_heads)
        self.out_rearrange = Rearrange("b h l d -> b l (h d)")
        self.drop_output = nn.Dropout(dropout_rate)
        self.drop_weights = nn.Dropout(dropout_rate)
        self.head_dim = hidden_size // num_heads
        self.scale = self.head_dim**-0.5
        self.save_attn = save_attn
        self.att_mat = torch.Tensor()

    def forward(self, x):
        output = self.input_rearrange(self.qkv(x))
        q, k, v = output[0], output[1], output[2]
        att_mat = (torch.einsum("blxd,blyd->blxy", q, k) * self.scale).softmax(dim=-1)
        if self.save_attn:
            # no gradients and new tensor;
            # https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/generated/torch.Tensor.detach.html
            self.att_mat = att_mat.detach()

        att_mat = self.drop_weights(att_mat)
        x = torch.einsum("bhxy,bhyd->bhxd", att_mat, v)
        x = self.out_rearrange(x)
        x = self.out_proj(x)
        x = self.drop_output(x)
        return x
