from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Union

import torch
from torch.distributed._tensor.placement_types import DTensorSpec
from torch.utils._pytree import tree_map_only


# Common type aliases
ArgsType = Tuple[object, ...]
KwargsType = Dict[str, object]
# ATen op schemas could have Tensor, Tuple[Tensor] and List[Tensor], so output type sould
# be the same set of possibilities.
OutputSpecType = Optional[Union[DTensorSpec, Sequence[Optional[DTensorSpec]]]]


def _rebuild_tensor_from_dtensor_meta(arg) -> object:
    """ "
    This is used to propagate tensor metadata, must be under fake mode
    """
    assert arg.tensor_meta is not None, "DTensorSpec does not contain tensor_meta."
    return torch.empty_strided(
        arg.tensor_meta.shape,
        arg.tensor_meta.stride,
        dtype=arg.tensor_meta.dtype,
        requires_grad=arg.tensor_meta.requires_grad,
    )


@dataclass
class PlacementStrategy(object):
    """
    A placement strategy describes an acceptable sharding placements of the output
    and the tensor arguments of an operation.
    """

    output_spec: DTensorSpec
    input_specs: Optional[Sequence[DTensorSpec]] = None

    def pretty_print_placements(self, placements):
        return "".join([str(p) for p in placements])

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        if self.input_specs is None:
            input_specs_str = ""
        else:
            input_specs_str = ", ".join(
                [
                    self.pretty_print_placements(spec.placements)
                    for spec in self.input_specs
                ]
            )
        output_spec_str = self.pretty_print_placements(self.output_spec.placements)
        return f"({input_specs_str}) -> ({output_spec_str}) @ mesh layout: {tuple(self.output_spec.mesh.mesh.shape)}"


class StrategyType(object):
    """
    Base class type for op strategy, We have two StrategyType:
        OpStrategy and TupleStrategy
    """

    pass


class OpStrategy(StrategyType):
    """
    OpStrategy that consists of a list of placement strategies associated with the op
    """

    def __init__(self, strategies: List[PlacementStrategy]) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.strategies: List[PlacementStrategy] = strategies

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        strategy_list_str = ", ".join([str(strategy) for strategy in self.strategies])
        return f"OpStrategy: [{strategy_list_str}]"

    def max_num_shards(self) -> int:
        """
        Returns the max number of shards across all placement strategies
        """
        return max([strategy.output_spec.num_shards for strategy in self.strategies])


class TupleStrategy(StrategyType):
    """
    TupleStrategy represents the output strategy of this op is a tuple
    of strategy, i.e. If the output of this op is a tuple of tensors, we should
    return a TupleStrategy that contains a tuple of OpStrategy.

    NOTE: if the output of the op is a List[Tensor], it's likely we should return
    OpStrategy directly in all cases.
    """

    def __init__(self, childs: Tuple[StrategyType, ...]) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.childs: Tuple[StrategyType, ...] = childs

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        tuple_strategies_str = "TupleStrategy: "
        child_strategies_str = "\n".join(
            [
                f" tuple idx: {idx}, strategy: {str(strat)}"
                for idx, strat in enumerate(self.childs)
            ]
        )
        return f"{tuple_strategies_str}\n{child_strategies_str}"


@dataclass
class OpSchema:
    """
    OpSchema is a data class that describes an operator input schemas, it
    includes DTensor DTensorSpecs and non-tensor args/kwargs (positional order
    preserved). It is mainly used by the dispatching logic below to run things like
    sharding propagation.

    Sharding propagation rules registered could utilize this data class and
    do inplace update some fields (when necessary, i.e shape related ops) to make
    sure the args/kwargs are legit before passing to the local tensor operator.
    This is the main reason that we don't freeze this dataclass.

    NOTE: greater access to the operator inputs comes with greater responsibility.
    Here are some basic rules about what can be used and what can be changed.

    Args:
        func_schema: the function schema of the operator
        args_schema: contains args except that the DTensor args have been replaced
            with its DTensorSpec
        kwargs_schema: contains kwargs except that the DTensor kwargs have been replaced
            with its DTensorSpec

    What can be used:
        - every attribute within this class could be read to conduct
          sharding propagation.
    What can be changed:
        - only the args_schema and kwargs_schema could be changed.
        - every non-tensor args could be changed to accomodate for local tensor
          operations (i.e. for ops like view/reshape/...)
        - every "DTensorSpec" attribute inside `args_schema`, `kwargs_schema` and
          `args_spec` SHOULD NOT be updated! DTensorSpec are read only and sharding
          propagation shouldn't inplace update them, otherwise the input DTensor
          placements will get implicitly changed and it's error-prone.
    """

    func_schema: torch._C.FunctionSchema
    args_schema: ArgsType
    kwargs_schema: KwargsType

    is_inplace: bool = False
    is_out_variant: bool = False

    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
        # simple analysis of function schema to determine
        # if this is an inplace/out variant, it might not
        # be entirely correct, but it's good enough for now.
        self.is_inplace = self.func_schema.name[-1] == "_"
        self.is_out_variant = "out" in self.func_schema.overload_name

    @property
    def args_spec(self) -> Tuple[DTensorSpec, ...]:
        """
        args_spec: Tuple[DTensorSpec, ...]: contains a clean list of args spec list
            with NO non-DTensor positional arguments (i.e. int/float/tuple, etc)
            mainly used by sharding propagation to propagate the output spec
        """
        # filter out non-relevant values from args schema to get a clean spec list
        # this would mainly be used by sharding propagation rules
        return tuple(item for item in self.args_schema if isinstance(item, DTensorSpec))

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return (
            f"OpSchema(func_schema={self.func_schema},"
            f" args_schema={self.args_schema},"
            f" kwargs_schema={self.kwargs_schema})"
        )

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        # NOTE: we turn kwargs_schema into a frozenset to hash as it would not be nested dict
        frozen_set_kwargs_schema = frozenset(self.kwargs_schema.items())
        return hash((self.func_schema, self.args_spec, frozen_set_kwargs_schema))

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, OpSchema):
            return False
        return (
            self.func_schema == other.func_schema
            and self.args_schema == other.args_schema
            and self.kwargs_schema == other.kwargs_schema
        )

    def gen_fake_args(self) -> ArgsType:
        """
        gen_fake_args: generate fake args for the operator, this is mainly used
            by sharding propagation rules to generate fake args for the operator
            to run the local tensor operator and get the output spec.
        """
        return tree_map_only(
            DTensorSpec, _rebuild_tensor_from_dtensor_meta, self.args_schema
        )

    def gen_fake_kwargs(self) -> KwargsType:
        """
        gen_fake_kwargs: generate fake kwargs for the operator, this is mainly used
            by sharding propagation rules to generate fake kwargs for the operator
            to run the local tensor operator and get the output spec.
        """
        return tree_map_only(
            DTensorSpec, _rebuild_tensor_from_dtensor_meta, self.kwargs_schema
        )

    def _inplace_rewrap_schema_suggestion(self, origin_schema: "OpSchema") -> None:
        suggestion_args_spec = self.args_spec
        new_arg_schema: List[object] = []
        idx_of_args_spec = 0
        for arg in origin_schema.args_schema:
            if isinstance(arg, DTensorSpec):
                new_arg_schema.append(suggestion_args_spec[idx_of_args_spec])
                idx_of_args_spec += 1
            else:
                new_arg_schema.append(arg)
        self.args_schema = tuple(new_arg_schema)
        self.kwargs_schema = origin_schema.kwargs_schema


@dataclass
class OutputSharding:
    """
    OutputSharding is a data class that is used by the sharding propagation
    rules, it could set the output_spec upon successful propagation, and if
    it failed, output_spec would become None and sharding propagation rules
    could give a list of suggestions for inputs to reshard.

    NOTE: the schema_suggestion generated by sharding propagation should be
    exactly the same as the operator OpSchema, except the DTensor DTensorSpecs
    """

    output_spec: OutputSpecType
    schema_suggestions: Optional[List[OpSchema]] = None
    failed_reason: Optional[str] = None
