""" Attention Pool 2D

Implementations of 2D spatial feature pooling using multi-head attention instead of average pool.

Based on idea in CLIP by OpenAI, licensed Apache 2.0
https://github.com/openai/CLIP/blob/3b473b0e682c091a9e53623eebc1ca1657385717/clip/model.py

Hacked together by / Copyright 2021 Ross Wightman
"""
import math
from typing import List, Union, Tuple

import torch
import torch.nn as nn

from .helpers import to_2tuple
from .weight_init import trunc_normal_


def rot(x):
    return torch.stack([-x[..., 1::2], x[..., ::2]], -1).reshape(x.shape)


def apply_rot_embed(x: torch.Tensor, sin_emb, cos_emb):
    return x * cos_emb + rot(x) * sin_emb


def apply_rot_embed_list(x: List[torch.Tensor], sin_emb, cos_emb):
    if isinstance(x, torch.Tensor):
        x = [x]
    return [t * cos_emb + rot(t) * sin_emb for t in x]


class RotaryEmbedding(nn.Module):
    """ Rotary position embedding

    NOTE: This is my initial attempt at impl rotary embedding for spatial use, it has not
    been well tested, and will likely change. It will be moved to its own file.

    The following impl/resources were referenced for this impl:
    * https://github.com/lucidrains/vit-pytorch/blob/6f3a5fcf0bca1c5ec33a35ef48d97213709df4ba/vit_pytorch/rvt.py
    * https://blog.eleuther.ai/rotary-embeddings/
    """
    def __init__(self, dim, max_freq=4):
        super().__init__()
        self.dim = dim
        self.register_buffer('bands', 2 ** torch.linspace(0., max_freq - 1, self.dim // 4), persistent=False)

    def get_embed(self, shape: torch.Size, device: torch.device = None, dtype: torch.dtype = None):
        """
        NOTE: shape arg should include spatial dim only
        """
        device = device or self.bands.device
        dtype = dtype or self.bands.dtype
        if not isinstance(shape, torch.Size):
            shape = torch.Size(shape)
        N = shape.numel()
        grid = torch.stack(torch.meshgrid(
            [torch.linspace(-1., 1., steps=s, device=device, dtype=dtype) for s in shape]), dim=-1).unsqueeze(-1)
        emb = grid * math.pi * self.bands
        sin = emb.sin().reshape(N, -1).repeat_interleave(2, -1)
        cos = emb.cos().reshape(N, -1).repeat_interleave(2, -1)
        return sin, cos

    def forward(self, x):
        # assuming channel-first tensor where spatial dim are >= 2
        sin_emb, cos_emb = self.get_embed(x.shape[2:])
        return apply_rot_embed(x, sin_emb, cos_emb)


class RotAttentionPool2d(nn.Module):
    """ Attention based 2D feature pooling w/ rotary (relative) pos embedding.
    This is a multi-head attention based replacement for (spatial) average pooling in NN architectures.

    Adapted from the AttentionPool2d in CLIP w/ rotary embedding instead of learned embed.
    https://github.com/openai/CLIP/blob/3b473b0e682c091a9e53623eebc1ca1657385717/clip/model.py

    NOTE: While this impl does not require a fixed feature size, performance at differeing resolutions from
    train varies widely and falls off dramatically. I'm not sure if there is a way around this... -RW
    """
    def __init__(
            self,
            in_features: int,
            out_features: int = None,
            embed_dim: int = None,
            num_heads: int = 4,
            qkv_bias: bool = True,
    ):
        super().__init__()
        embed_dim = embed_dim or in_features
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        self.qkv = nn.Linear(in_features, embed_dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, out_features)
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        assert embed_dim % num_heads == 0
        self.head_dim = embed_dim // num_heads
        self.scale = self.head_dim ** -0.5
        self.pos_embed = RotaryEmbedding(self.head_dim)

        trunc_normal_(self.qkv.weight, std=in_features ** -0.5)
        nn.init.zeros_(self.qkv.bias)

    def forward(self, x):
        B, _, H, W = x.shape
        N = H * W
        sin_emb, cos_emb = self.pos_embed.get_embed(x.shape[2:])
        x = x.reshape(B, -1, N).permute(0, 2, 1)

        x = torch.cat([x.mean(1, keepdim=True), x], dim=1)

        x = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, N + 1, 3, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        q, k, v = x[0], x[1], x[2]

        qc, q = q[:, :, :1], q[:, :, 1:]
        q = apply_rot_embed(q, sin_emb, cos_emb)
        q = torch.cat([qc, q], dim=2)

        kc, k = k[:, :, :1], k[:, :, 1:]
        k = apply_rot_embed(k, sin_emb, cos_emb)
        k = torch.cat([kc, k], dim=2)

        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)

        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N + 1, -1)
        x = self.proj(x)
        return x[:, 0]


class AttentionPool2d(nn.Module):
    """ Attention based 2D feature pooling w/ learned (absolute) pos embedding.
    This is a multi-head attention based replacement for (spatial) average pooling in NN architectures.

    It was based on impl in CLIP by OpenAI
    https://github.com/openai/CLIP/blob/3b473b0e682c091a9e53623eebc1ca1657385717/clip/model.py

    NOTE: This requires feature size upon construction and well prevent adaptive sizing of the network.
    """
    def __init__(
            self,
            in_features: int,
            feat_size: Union[int, Tuple[int, int]],
            out_features: int = None,
            embed_dim: int = None,
            num_heads: int = 4,
            qkv_bias: bool = True,
    ):
        super().__init__()

        embed_dim = embed_dim or in_features
        out_features = out_features or in_features
        assert embed_dim % num_heads == 0
        self.feat_size = to_2tuple(feat_size)
        self.qkv = nn.Linear(in_features, embed_dim * 3, bias=qkv_bias)
        self.proj = nn.Linear(embed_dim, out_features)
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.head_dim = embed_dim // num_heads
        self.scale = self.head_dim ** -0.5

        spatial_dim = self.feat_size[0] * self.feat_size[1]
        self.pos_embed = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(spatial_dim + 1, in_features))
        trunc_normal_(self.pos_embed, std=in_features ** -0.5)
        trunc_normal_(self.qkv.weight, std=in_features ** -0.5)
        nn.init.zeros_(self.qkv.bias)

    def forward(self, x):
        B, _, H, W = x.shape
        N = H * W
        assert self.feat_size[0] == H
        assert self.feat_size[1] == W
        x = x.reshape(B, -1, N).permute(0, 2, 1)
        x = torch.cat([x.mean(1, keepdim=True), x], dim=1)
        x = x + self.pos_embed.unsqueeze(0).to(x.dtype)

        x = self.qkv(x).reshape(B, N + 1, 3, self.num_heads, self.head_dim).permute(2, 0, 3, 1, 4)
        q, k, v = x[0], x[1], x[2]
        attn = (q @ k.transpose(-2, -1)) * self.scale
        attn = attn.softmax(dim=-1)

        x = (attn @ v).transpose(1, 2).reshape(B, N + 1, -1)
        x = self.proj(x)
        return x[:, 0]
