import ctypes
import time
from collections import OrderedDict
from multiprocessing import Array, Pipe, connection
from multiprocessing.context import Process
from typing import Any, Callable, List, Optional, Tuple, Union

import gymnasium as gym
import numpy as np

from tianshou.env.utils import CloudpickleWrapper, gym_new_venv_step_type
from tianshou.env.worker import EnvWorker

_NP_TO_CT = {
    np.bool_: ctypes.c_bool,
    np.uint8: ctypes.c_uint8,
    np.uint16: ctypes.c_uint16,
    np.uint32: ctypes.c_uint32,
    np.uint64: ctypes.c_uint64,
    np.int8: ctypes.c_int8,
    np.int16: ctypes.c_int16,
    np.int32: ctypes.c_int32,
    np.int64: ctypes.c_int64,
    np.float32: ctypes.c_float,
    np.float64: ctypes.c_double,
}


class ShArray:
    """Wrapper of multiprocessing Array."""

    def __init__(self, dtype: np.generic, shape: Tuple[int]) -> None:
        self.arr = Array(_NP_TO_CT[dtype.type], int(np.prod(shape)))  # type: ignore
        self.dtype = dtype
        self.shape = shape

    def save(self, ndarray: np.ndarray) -> None:
        assert isinstance(ndarray, np.ndarray)
        dst = self.arr.get_obj()
        dst_np = np.frombuffer(dst,
                               dtype=self.dtype).reshape(self.shape)  # type: ignore
        np.copyto(dst_np, ndarray)

    def get(self) -> np.ndarray:
        obj = self.arr.get_obj()
        return np.frombuffer(obj, dtype=self.dtype).reshape(self.shape)  # type: ignore


def _setup_buf(space: gym.Space) -> Union[dict, tuple, ShArray]:
    if isinstance(space, gym.spaces.Dict):
        assert isinstance(space.spaces, OrderedDict)
        return {k: _setup_buf(v) for k, v in space.spaces.items()}
    elif isinstance(space, gym.spaces.Tuple):
        assert isinstance(space.spaces, tuple)
        return tuple([_setup_buf(t) for t in space.spaces])
    else:
        return ShArray(space.dtype, space.shape)  # type: ignore


def _worker(
    parent: connection.Connection,
    p: connection.Connection,
    env_fn_wrapper: CloudpickleWrapper,
    obs_bufs: Optional[Union[dict, tuple, ShArray]] = None,
) -> None:

    def _encode_obs(
        obs: Union[dict, tuple, np.ndarray], buffer: Union[dict, tuple, ShArray]
    ) -> None:
        if isinstance(obs, np.ndarray) and isinstance(buffer, ShArray):
            buffer.save(obs)
        elif isinstance(obs, tuple) and isinstance(buffer, tuple):
            for o, b in zip(obs, buffer):
                _encode_obs(o, b)
        elif isinstance(obs, dict) and isinstance(buffer, dict):
            for k in obs.keys():
                _encode_obs(obs[k], buffer[k])
        return None

    parent.close()
    env = env_fn_wrapper.data()
    try:
        while True:
            try:
                cmd, data = p.recv()
            except EOFError:  # the pipe has been closed
                p.close()
                break
            if cmd == "step":
                env_return = env.step(data)
                if obs_bufs is not None:
                    _encode_obs(env_return[0], obs_bufs)
                    env_return = (None, *env_return[1:])
                p.send(env_return)
            elif cmd == "reset":
                obs, info = env.reset(**data)
                if obs_bufs is not None:
                    _encode_obs(obs, obs_bufs)
                    obs = None
                p.send((obs, info))
            elif cmd == "close":
                p.send(env.close())
                p.close()
                break
            elif cmd == "render":
                p.send(env.render(**data) if hasattr(env, "render") else None)
            elif cmd == "seed":
                if hasattr(env, "seed"):
                    p.send(env.seed(data))
                else:
                    env.reset(seed=data)
                    p.send(None)
            elif cmd == "getattr":
                p.send(getattr(env, data) if hasattr(env, data) else None)
            elif cmd == "setattr":
                setattr(env.unwrapped, data["key"], data["value"])
            else:
                p.close()
                raise NotImplementedError
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        p.close()


class SubprocEnvWorker(EnvWorker):
    """Subprocess worker used in SubprocVectorEnv and ShmemVectorEnv."""

    def __init__(
        self, env_fn: Callable[[], gym.Env], share_memory: bool = False
    ) -> None:
        self.parent_remote, self.child_remote = Pipe()
        self.share_memory = share_memory
        self.buffer: Optional[Union[dict, tuple, ShArray]] = None
        if self.share_memory:
            dummy = env_fn()
            obs_space = dummy.observation_space
            dummy.close()
            del dummy
            self.buffer = _setup_buf(obs_space)
        args = (
            self.parent_remote,
            self.child_remote,
            CloudpickleWrapper(env_fn),
            self.buffer,
        )
        self.process = Process(target=_worker, args=args, daemon=True)
        self.process.start()
        self.child_remote.close()
        super().__init__(env_fn)

    def get_env_attr(self, key: str) -> Any:
        self.parent_remote.send(["getattr", key])
        return self.parent_remote.recv()

    def set_env_attr(self, key: str, value: Any) -> None:
        self.parent_remote.send(["setattr", {"key": key, "value": value}])

    def _decode_obs(self) -> Union[dict, tuple, np.ndarray]:

        def decode_obs(
            buffer: Optional[Union[dict, tuple, ShArray]]
        ) -> Union[dict, tuple, np.ndarray]:
            if isinstance(buffer, ShArray):
                return buffer.get()
            elif isinstance(buffer, tuple):
                return tuple([decode_obs(b) for b in buffer])
            elif isinstance(buffer, dict):
                return {k: decode_obs(v) for k, v in buffer.items()}
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError

        return decode_obs(self.buffer)

    @staticmethod
    def wait(  # type: ignore
        workers: List["SubprocEnvWorker"],
        wait_num: int,
        timeout: Optional[float] = None,
    ) -> List["SubprocEnvWorker"]:
        remain_conns = conns = [x.parent_remote for x in workers]
        ready_conns: List[connection.Connection] = []
        remain_time, t1 = timeout, time.time()
        while len(remain_conns) > 0 and len(ready_conns) < wait_num:
            if timeout:
                remain_time = timeout - (time.time() - t1)
                if remain_time <= 0:
                    break
            # connection.wait hangs if the list is empty
            new_ready_conns = connection.wait(remain_conns, timeout=remain_time)
            ready_conns.extend(new_ready_conns)  # type: ignore
            remain_conns = [conn for conn in remain_conns if conn not in ready_conns]
        return [workers[conns.index(con)] for con in ready_conns]

    def send(self, action: Optional[np.ndarray], **kwargs: Any) -> None:
        if action is None:
            if "seed" in kwargs:
                super().seed(kwargs["seed"])
            self.parent_remote.send(["reset", kwargs])
        else:
            self.parent_remote.send(["step", action])

    def recv(
        self
    ) -> Union[gym_new_venv_step_type, Tuple[np.ndarray, dict]]:  # noqa:E125
        result = self.parent_remote.recv()
        if isinstance(result, tuple):
            if len(result) == 2:
                obs, info = result
                if self.share_memory:
                    obs = self._decode_obs()
                return obs, info
            obs = result[0]
            if self.share_memory:
                obs = self._decode_obs()
            return (obs, *result[1:])  # type: ignore
        else:
            obs = result
            if self.share_memory:
                obs = self._decode_obs()
            return obs

    def reset(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, dict]:
        if "seed" in kwargs:
            super().seed(kwargs["seed"])
        self.parent_remote.send(["reset", kwargs])

        result = self.parent_remote.recv()
        if isinstance(result, tuple):
            obs, info = result
            if self.share_memory:
                obs = self._decode_obs()
            return obs, info
        else:
            obs = result
            if self.share_memory:
                obs = self._decode_obs()
            return obs

    def seed(self, seed: Optional[int] = None) -> Optional[List[int]]:
        super().seed(seed)
        self.parent_remote.send(["seed", seed])
        return self.parent_remote.recv()

    def render(self, **kwargs: Any) -> Any:
        self.parent_remote.send(["render", kwargs])
        return self.parent_remote.recv()

    def close_env(self) -> None:
        try:
            self.parent_remote.send(["close", None])
            # mp may be deleted so it may raise AttributeError
            self.parent_remote.recv()
            self.process.join()
        except (BrokenPipeError, EOFError, AttributeError):
            pass
        # ensure the subproc is terminated
        self.process.terminate()
