// Modified from
// https://github.com/facebookresearch/detectron2/tree/master/detectron2/layers/csrc/ROIAlignRotated
// Copyright (c) Facebook, Inc. and its affiliates. All Rights Reserved
#include <ATen/ATen.h>
#include <ATen/TensorUtils.h>

// Note: this implementation originates from the Caffe2 ROIAlignRotated Op
// and PyTorch ROIAlign (non-rotated) Op implementations.
// The key difference between this implementation and those ones is
// we don't do "legacy offset" in this version, as there aren't many previous
// works, if any, using the "legacy" ROIAlignRotated Op.
// This would make the interface a bit cleaner.

template <typename T>
struct PreCalc {
  int pos1;
  int pos2;
  int pos3;
  int pos4;
  T w1;
  T w2;
  T w3;
  T w4;
};

template <typename T>
void pre_calc_for_bilinear_interpolate(
    const int height,
    const int width,
    const int pooled_height,
    const int pooled_width,
    const int iy_upper,
    const int ix_upper,
    T roi_start_h,
    T roi_start_w,
    T bin_size_h,
    T bin_size_w,
    int roi_bin_grid_h,
    int roi_bin_grid_w,
    T roi_center_h,
    T roi_center_w,
    T cos_theta,
    T sin_theta,
    std::vector<PreCalc<T>>& pre_calc) {
  int pre_calc_index = 0;
  for (int ph = 0; ph < pooled_height; ph++) {
    for (int pw = 0; pw < pooled_width; pw++) {
      for (int iy = 0; iy < iy_upper; iy++) {
        const T yy = roi_start_h + ph * bin_size_h +
            static_cast<T>(iy + .5f) * bin_size_h /
                static_cast<T>(roi_bin_grid_h); // e.g., 0.5, 1.5
        for (int ix = 0; ix < ix_upper; ix++) {
          const T xx = roi_start_w + pw * bin_size_w +
              static_cast<T>(ix + .5f) * bin_size_w /
                  static_cast<T>(roi_bin_grid_w);

          // Rotate by theta around the center and translate
          // In image space, (y, x) is the order for Right Handed System,
          // and this is essentially multiplying the point by a rotation matrix
          // to rotate it counterclockwise through angle theta.
          T y = yy * cos_theta - xx * sin_theta + roi_center_h;
          T x = yy * sin_theta + xx * cos_theta + roi_center_w;
          // deal with: inverse elements are out of feature map boundary
          if (y < -1.0 || y > height || x < -1.0 || x > width) {
            // empty
            PreCalc<T> pc;
            pc.pos1 = 0;
            pc.pos2 = 0;
            pc.pos3 = 0;
            pc.pos4 = 0;
            pc.w1 = 0;
            pc.w2 = 0;
            pc.w3 = 0;
            pc.w4 = 0;
            pre_calc[pre_calc_index] = pc;
            pre_calc_index += 1;
            continue;
          }

          if (y < 0) {
            y = 0;
          }
          if (x < 0) {
            x = 0;
          }

          int y_low = (int)y;
          int x_low = (int)x;
          int y_high;
          int x_high;

          if (y_low >= height - 1) {
            y_high = y_low = height - 1;
            y = (T)y_low;
          } else {
            y_high = y_low + 1;
          }

          if (x_low >= width - 1) {
            x_high = x_low = width - 1;
            x = (T)x_low;
          } else {
            x_high = x_low + 1;
          }

          T ly = y - y_low;
          T lx = x - x_low;
          T hy = 1. - ly, hx = 1. - lx;
          T w1 = hy * hx, w2 = hy * lx, w3 = ly * hx, w4 = ly * lx;

          // save weights and indices
          PreCalc<T> pc;
          pc.pos1 = y_low * width + x_low;
          pc.pos2 = y_low * width + x_high;
          pc.pos3 = y_high * width + x_low;
          pc.pos4 = y_high * width + x_high;
          pc.w1 = w1;
          pc.w2 = w2;
          pc.w3 = w3;
          pc.w4 = w4;
          pre_calc[pre_calc_index] = pc;

          pre_calc_index += 1;
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

template <typename T>
void bilinear_interpolate_gradient(
    const int height,
    const int width,
    T y,
    T x,
    T& w1,
    T& w2,
    T& w3,
    T& w4,
    int& x_low,
    int& x_high,
    int& y_low,
    int& y_high) {
  // deal with cases that inverse elements are out of feature map boundary
  if (y < -1.0 || y > height || x < -1.0 || x > width) {
    // empty
    w1 = w2 = w3 = w4 = 0.;
    x_low = x_high = y_low = y_high = -1;
    return;
  }

  if (y < 0) {
    y = 0;
  }

  if (x < 0) {
    x = 0;
  }

  y_low = (int)y;
  x_low = (int)x;

  if (y_low >= height - 1) {
    y_high = y_low = height - 1;
    y = (T)y_low;
  } else {
    y_high = y_low + 1;
  }

  if (x_low >= width - 1) {
    x_high = x_low = width - 1;
    x = (T)x_low;
  } else {
    x_high = x_low + 1;
  }

  T ly = y - y_low;
  T lx = x - x_low;
  T hy = 1. - ly, hx = 1. - lx;

  // reference in forward
  // T v1 = input[y_low * width + x_low];
  // T v2 = input[y_low * width + x_high];
  // T v3 = input[y_high * width + x_low];
  // T v4 = input[y_high * width + x_high];
  // T val = (w1 * v1 + w2 * v2 + w3 * v3 + w4 * v4);

  w1 = hy * hx, w2 = hy * lx, w3 = ly * hx, w4 = ly * lx;

  return;
}

template <class T>
inline void add(T* address, const T& val) {
  *address += val;
}

template <typename T>
void ROIAlignRotatedForward(
    const int nthreads,
    const T* input,
    const T& spatial_scale,
    const int channels,
    const int height,
    const int width,
    const int pooled_height,
    const int pooled_width,
    const int sampling_ratio,
    const T* rois,
    T* output) {
  int n_rois = nthreads / channels / pooled_width / pooled_height;
  // (n, c, ph, pw) is an element in the pooled output
  // can be parallelized using omp
  // #pragma omp parallel for num_threads(32)
  for (int n = 0; n < n_rois; n++) {
    int index_n = n * channels * pooled_width * pooled_height;

    const T* current_roi = rois + n * 6;
    int roi_batch_ind = current_roi[0];

    // Do not use rounding; this implementation detail is critical
    // ROIAlignRotated supports align == true, i.e., continuous coordinate
    // by default, thus the 0.5 offset
    T offset = (T)0.5;
    T roi_center_w = current_roi[1] * spatial_scale - offset;
    T roi_center_h = current_roi[2] * spatial_scale - offset;
    T roi_width = current_roi[3] * spatial_scale;
    T roi_height = current_roi[4] * spatial_scale;
    //T theta = current_roi[5] * M_PI / 180.0;               +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    T theta = current_roi[5];
    T cos_theta = cos(theta);
    T sin_theta = sin(theta);

    AT_ASSERTM(
        roi_width >= 0 && roi_height >= 0,
        "ROIs in ROIAlignRotated do not have non-negative size!");

    T bin_size_h = static_cast<T>(roi_height) / static_cast<T>(pooled_height);
    T bin_size_w = static_cast<T>(roi_width) / static_cast<T>(pooled_width);

    // We use roi_bin_grid to sample the grid and mimic integral
    int roi_bin_grid_h = (sampling_ratio > 0)
        ? sampling_ratio
        : ceil(roi_height / pooled_height); // e.g., = 2
    int roi_bin_grid_w =
        (sampling_ratio > 0) ? sampling_ratio : ceil(roi_width / pooled_width);

    // We do average (integral) pooling inside a bin
    const T count = std::max(roi_bin_grid_h * roi_bin_grid_w, 1); // e.g. = 4

    // we want to precalculate indices and weights shared by all channels,
    // this is the key point of optimization
    std::vector<PreCalc<T>> pre_calc(
        roi_bin_grid_h * roi_bin_grid_w * pooled_width * pooled_height);

    // roi_start_h and roi_start_w are computed wrt the center of RoI (x, y).
    // Appropriate translation needs to be applied after.
    T roi_start_h = -roi_height / 2.0;
    T roi_start_w = -roi_width / 2.0;

    pre_calc_for_bilinear_interpolate(
        height,
        width,
        pooled_height,
        pooled_width,
        roi_bin_grid_h,
        roi_bin_grid_w,
        roi_start_h,
        roi_start_w,
        bin_size_h,
        bin_size_w,
        roi_bin_grid_h,
        roi_bin_grid_w,
        roi_center_h,
        roi_center_w,
        cos_theta,
        sin_theta,
        pre_calc);

    for (int c = 0; c < channels; c++) {
      int index_n_c = index_n + c * pooled_width * pooled_height;
      const T* offset_input =
          input + (roi_batch_ind * channels + c) * height * width;
      int pre_calc_index = 0;

      for (int ph = 0; ph < pooled_height; ph++) {
        for (int pw = 0; pw < pooled_width; pw++) {
          int index = index_n_c + ph * pooled_width + pw;

          T output_val = 0.;
          for (int iy = 0; iy < roi_bin_grid_h; iy++) {
            for (int ix = 0; ix < roi_bin_grid_w; ix++) {
              PreCalc<T> pc = pre_calc[pre_calc_index];
              output_val += pc.w1 * offset_input[pc.pos1] +
                  pc.w2 * offset_input[pc.pos2] +
                  pc.w3 * offset_input[pc.pos3] + pc.w4 * offset_input[pc.pos4];

              pre_calc_index += 1;
            }
          }
          output_val /= count;

          output[index] = output_val;
        } // for pw
      } // for ph
    } // for c
  } // for n
}

template <typename T>
void ROIAlignRotatedBackward(
    const int nthreads,
    // may not be contiguous. should index using n_stride, etc
    const T* grad_output,
    const T& spatial_scale,
    const int channels,
    const int height,
    const int width,
    const int pooled_height,
    const int pooled_width,
    const int sampling_ratio,
    T* grad_input,
    const T* rois,
    const int n_stride,
    const int c_stride,
    const int h_stride,
    const int w_stride) {
  for (int index = 0; index < nthreads; index++) {
    // (n, c, ph, pw) is an element in the pooled output
    int pw = index % pooled_width;
    int ph = (index / pooled_width) % pooled_height;
    int c = (index / pooled_width / pooled_height) % channels;
    int n = index / pooled_width / pooled_height / channels;

    const T* current_roi = rois + n * 6;
    int roi_batch_ind = current_roi[0];

    // Do not use rounding; this implementation detail is critical
    // ROIAlignRotated supports align == true, i.e., continuous coordinate
    // by default, thus the 0.5 offset
    T offset = (T)0.5;
    T roi_center_w = current_roi[1] * spatial_scale - offset;
    T roi_center_h = current_roi[2] * spatial_scale - offset;
    T roi_width = current_roi[3] * spatial_scale;
    T roi_height = current_roi[4] * spatial_scale;
    //T theta = current_roi[5] * M_PI / 180.0;           ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
    T theta = current_roi[5];
    T cos_theta = cos(theta);
    T sin_theta = sin(theta);

    AT_ASSERTM(
        roi_width >= 0 && roi_height >= 0,
        "ROIs in ROIAlignRotated do not have non-negative size!");

    T bin_size_h = static_cast<T>(roi_height) / static_cast<T>(pooled_height);
    T bin_size_w = static_cast<T>(roi_width) / static_cast<T>(pooled_width);

    T* offset_grad_input =
        grad_input + ((roi_batch_ind * channels + c) * height * width);

    int output_offset = n * n_stride + c * c_stride;
    const T* offset_grad_output = grad_output + output_offset;
    const T grad_output_this_bin =
        offset_grad_output[ph * h_stride + pw * w_stride];

    // We use roi_bin_grid to sample the grid and mimic integral
    int roi_bin_grid_h = (sampling_ratio > 0)
        ? sampling_ratio
        : ceil(roi_height / pooled_height); // e.g., = 2
    int roi_bin_grid_w =
        (sampling_ratio > 0) ? sampling_ratio : ceil(roi_width / pooled_width);

    // roi_start_h and roi_start_w are computed wrt the center of RoI (x, y).
    // Appropriate translation needs to be applied after.
    T roi_start_h = -roi_height / 2.0;
    T roi_start_w = -roi_width / 2.0;

    // We do average (integral) pooling inside a bin
    const T count = roi_bin_grid_h * roi_bin_grid_w; // e.g. = 4

    for (int iy = 0; iy < roi_bin_grid_h; iy++) {
      const T yy = roi_start_h + ph * bin_size_h +
          static_cast<T>(iy + .5f) * bin_size_h /
              static_cast<T>(roi_bin_grid_h); // e.g., 0.5, 1.5
      for (int ix = 0; ix < roi_bin_grid_w; ix++) {
        const T xx = roi_start_w + pw * bin_size_w +
            static_cast<T>(ix + .5f) * bin_size_w /
                static_cast<T>(roi_bin_grid_w);

        // Rotate by theta around the center and translate
        T y = yy * cos_theta - xx * sin_theta + roi_center_h;
        T x = yy * sin_theta + xx * cos_theta + roi_center_w;

        T w1, w2, w3, w4;
        int x_low, x_high, y_low, y_high;

        bilinear_interpolate_gradient(
            height, width, y, x, w1, w2, w3, w4, x_low, x_high, y_low, y_high);

        T g1 = grad_output_this_bin * w1 / count;
        T g2 = grad_output_this_bin * w2 / count;
        T g3 = grad_output_this_bin * w3 / count;
        T g4 = grad_output_this_bin * w4 / count;

        if (x_low >= 0 && x_high >= 0 && y_low >= 0 && y_high >= 0) {
          // atomic add is not needed for now since it is single threaded
          add(offset_grad_input + y_low * width + x_low, static_cast<T>(g1));
          add(offset_grad_input + y_low * width + x_high, static_cast<T>(g2));
          add(offset_grad_input + y_high * width + x_low, static_cast<T>(g3));
          add(offset_grad_input + y_high * width + x_high, static_cast<T>(g4));
        } // if
      } // ix
    } // iy
  } // for
} // ROIAlignRotatedBackward

at::Tensor ROIAlignRotated_forward_cpu(
    const at::Tensor& input,
    const at::Tensor& rois,
    const float spatial_scale,
    const int pooled_height,
    const int pooled_width,
    const int sampling_ratio) {
  AT_ASSERTM(input.device().is_cpu(), "input must be a CPU tensor");
  AT_ASSERTM(rois.device().is_cpu(), "rois must be a CPU tensor");

  at::TensorArg input_t{input, "input", 1}, rois_t{rois, "rois", 2};

  at::CheckedFrom c = "ROIAlign_forward_cpu";
  at::checkAllSameType(c, {input_t, rois_t});

  auto num_rois = rois.size(0);
  auto channels = input.size(1);
  auto height = input.size(2);
  auto width = input.size(3);

  at::Tensor output = at::zeros(
      {num_rois, channels, pooled_height, pooled_width}, input.options());

  auto output_size = num_rois * pooled_height * pooled_width * channels;

  if (output.numel() == 0) {
    return output;
  }

  auto input_ = input.contiguous(), rois_ = rois.contiguous();
  AT_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES_AND_HALF(
      input.scalar_type(), "ROIAlignRotated_forward", [&] {
        ROIAlignRotatedForward<scalar_t>(
            output_size,
            input_.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
            spatial_scale,
            channels,
            height,
            width,
            pooled_height,
            pooled_width,
            sampling_ratio,
            rois_.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
            output.data_ptr<scalar_t>());
      });
  return output;
}

at::Tensor ROIAlignRotated_backward_cpu(
    const at::Tensor& grad,
    const at::Tensor& rois,
    const float spatial_scale,
    const int pooled_height,
    const int pooled_width,
    const int batch_size,
    const int channels,
    const int height,
    const int width,
    const int sampling_ratio) {
  AT_ASSERTM(grad.device().is_cpu(), "grad must be a CPU tensor");
  AT_ASSERTM(rois.device().is_cpu(), "rois must be a CPU tensor");

  at::TensorArg grad_t{grad, "grad", 1}, rois_t{rois, "rois", 2};

  at::CheckedFrom c = "ROIAlignRotated_backward_cpu";
  at::checkAllSameType(c, {grad_t, rois_t});

  at::Tensor grad_input =
      at::zeros({batch_size, channels, height, width}, grad.options());

  // handle possibly empty gradients
  if (grad.numel() == 0) {
    return grad_input;
  }

  // get stride values to ensure indexing into gradients is correct.
  int n_stride = grad.stride(0);
  int c_stride = grad.stride(1);
  int h_stride = grad.stride(2);
  int w_stride = grad.stride(3);

  auto rois_ = rois.contiguous();
  AT_DISPATCH_FLOATING_TYPES_AND_HALF(
      grad.scalar_type(), "ROIAlignRotated_forward", [&] {
        ROIAlignRotatedBackward<scalar_t>(
            grad.numel(),
            grad.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
            spatial_scale,
            channels,
            height,
            width,
            pooled_height,
            pooled_width,
            sampling_ratio,
            grad_input.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
            rois_.data_ptr<scalar_t>(),
            n_stride,
            c_stride,
            h_stride,
            w_stride);
      });
  return grad_input;
}
