/* 
 * Copyright 2010-2012 PathScale, Inc. All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
 *
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 * 
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS
 * IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS;
 * OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
 * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR
 * OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF
 * ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */

/**
 * guard.cc: Functions for thread-safe static initialisation.
 *
 * Static values in C++ can be initialised lazily their first use.  This file
 * contains functions that are used to ensure that two threads attempting to
 * initialize the same static do not call the constructor twice.  This is
 * important because constructors can have side effects, so calling the
 * constructor twice may be very bad.
 *
 * Statics that require initialisation are protected by a 64-bit value.  Any
 * platform that can do 32-bit atomic test and set operations can use this
 * value as a low-overhead lock.  Because statics (in most sane code) are
 * accessed far more times than they are initialised, this lock implementation
 * is heavily optimised towards the case where the static has already been
 * initialised.  
 */
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include "atomic.h"

// Older GCC doesn't define __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#ifndef __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
	// If __BYTE_ORDER__ is defined, use that instead
#	ifdef __BYTE_ORDER__
#		if __BYTE_ORDER__ == __ORDER_LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#			define __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#		endif
	// x86 and ARM are the most common little-endian CPUs, so let's have a
	// special case for them (ARM is already special cased).  Assume everything
	// else is big endian.
#	elif defined(__x86_64) || defined(__i386)
#		define __LITTLE_ENDIAN__
#	endif
#endif


/*
 * The least significant bit of the guard variable indicates that the object
 * has been initialised, the most significant bit is used for a spinlock.
 */
#ifdef __arm__
// ARM ABI - 32-bit guards.
typedef uint32_t guard_t;
typedef uint32_t guard_lock_t;
static const uint32_t LOCKED = static_cast<guard_t>(1) << 31;
static const uint32_t INITIALISED = 1;
#define LOCK_PART(guard) (guard)
#define INIT_PART(guard) (guard)
#elif defined(_LP64)
typedef uint64_t guard_t;
typedef uint64_t guard_lock_t;
#	if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
static const guard_t LOCKED = static_cast<guard_t>(1) << 63;
static const guard_t INITIALISED = 1;
#	else
static const guard_t LOCKED = 1;
static const guard_t INITIALISED = static_cast<guard_t>(1) << 56;
#	endif
#define LOCK_PART(guard) (guard)
#define INIT_PART(guard) (guard)
#else
typedef uint32_t guard_lock_t;
#	if defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN__)
typedef struct {
	uint32_t init_half;
	uint32_t lock_half;
} guard_t;
static const uint32_t LOCKED = static_cast<guard_lock_t>(1) << 31;
static const uint32_t INITIALISED = 1;
#	else
typedef struct {
	uint32_t init_half;
	uint32_t lock_half;
} guard_t;
static_assert(sizeof(guard_t) == sizeof(uint64_t), "");
static const uint32_t LOCKED = 1;
static const uint32_t INITIALISED = static_cast<guard_lock_t>(1) << 24;
#	endif
#define LOCK_PART(guard) (&(guard)->lock_half)
#define INIT_PART(guard) (&(guard)->init_half)
#endif
static const guard_lock_t INITIAL = 0;

/**
 * Acquires a lock on a guard, returning 0 if the object has already been
 * initialised, and 1 if it has not.  If the object is already constructed then
 * this function just needs to read a byte from memory and return.
 */
extern "C" int __cxa_guard_acquire(volatile guard_t *guard_object)
{
	guard_lock_t old;
	// Not an atomic read, doesn't establish a happens-before relationship, but
	// if one is already established and we end up seeing an initialised state
	// then it's a fast path, otherwise we'll do something more expensive than
	// this test anyway...
	if (INITIALISED == __atomic_load_n(INIT_PART(guard_object), __ATOMIC_RELAXED))
		return 0;
	// Spin trying to do the initialisation
	for (;;)
	{
		// Loop trying to move the value of the guard from 0 (not
		// locked, not initialised) to the locked-uninitialised
		// position.
		old = __sync_val_compare_and_swap(LOCK_PART(guard_object),
		    INITIAL, LOCKED);
		if (old == INITIAL) {
			// Lock obtained.  If lock and init bit are
			// in separate words, check for init race.
			if (INIT_PART(guard_object) == LOCK_PART(guard_object))
				return 1;
			if (INITIALISED != *INIT_PART(guard_object))
				return 1;

			// No need for a memory barrier here,
			// see first comment.
			__atomic_store_n(LOCK_PART(guard_object), INITIAL, __ATOMIC_RELAXED);
			return 0;
		}
		// If lock and init bit are in the same word, check again
		// if we are done.
		if (INIT_PART(guard_object) == LOCK_PART(guard_object) &&
		    old == INITIALISED)
			return 0;

		assert(old == LOCKED);
		// Another thread holds the lock.
		// If lock and init bit are in different words, check
		// if we are done before yielding and looping.
		if (INIT_PART(guard_object) != LOCK_PART(guard_object) &&
		    INITIALISED == *INIT_PART(guard_object))
			return 0;
		sched_yield();
	}
}

/**
 * Releases the lock without marking the object as initialised.  This function
 * is called if initialising a static causes an exception to be thrown.
 */
extern "C" void __cxa_guard_abort(volatile guard_t *guard_object)
{
	__attribute__((unused))
	bool reset = __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(LOCK_PART(guard_object),
	    LOCKED, INITIAL);
	assert(reset);
}
/**
 * Releases the guard and marks the object as initialised.  This function is
 * called after successful initialisation of a static.
 */
extern "C" void __cxa_guard_release(volatile guard_t *guard_object)
{
	guard_lock_t old;
	if (INIT_PART(guard_object) == LOCK_PART(guard_object))
		old = LOCKED;
	else
		old = INITIAL;
	__attribute__((unused))
	bool reset = __sync_bool_compare_and_swap(INIT_PART(guard_object),
	    old, INITIALISED);
	assert(reset);
	if (INIT_PART(guard_object) != LOCK_PART(guard_object))
		*LOCK_PART(guard_object) = INITIAL;
}
