<|im_start|>system
You are a helpful AI assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Write me a short paragraph about the difference of anatase and rutile crystal configurations<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Anatase and rutile are two crystalline forms of titanium dioxide, a white, opaque mineral used in many industrial and consumer applications. The main difference between anatase and rutile is their crystal structure. Anatase has a tetragonal structure, meaning it has four sides and four angles, while rutile has a more compact, rhombohedral structure with six sides and angles. Anatase is also typically less dense and more reactive than rutile, and it often has a higher surface area, which makes it useful in photocatalytic applications. Rutile, on the other hand, is more stable and has a higher refractive index, which makes it valuable in the production of high-index glass, optical coatings, and other optical applications.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Give me some examples where each is used.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Anatase and rutile have distinct properties that make them useful for different applications. Here are some examples of where each is used:

Anatase:

- Photocatalysis: Anatase is a highly active photocatalyst that can be used to remove organic pollutants and bacteria from water and air.
- Sunscreen: Anatase is used as a UV filter in sunscreen due to its ability to absorb and scatter UV light.
- Pigments: Anatase can be used as a pigment in white paint and coatings due to its high refractive index and brightness.

Rutile:

- Ceramics: Rutile is used as a whitening agent and flux in the production of ceramic glazes and enamels.
- Plastics: Rutile can be used as a whitening agent in plastic materials, such as PVC, to improve their color and opacity.
- Titanium metal production: Rutile is the preferred source of titanium dioxide for producing titanium metal due to its higher purity and better processing characteristics.<|im_end|>