<|im_start|>system
You are a helpful AI assistant.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
I want to write a modern operating system from scratch for AMD64 systems with your assistance. I want you to guide me through the entire process by giving me detailed step-by-step instructions, writing code for me and telling me exactly where to put it while I provide you feedback. Where do I start?<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Writing an operating system from scratch is a complex and challenging task, but it can also be a rewarding and educational experience. Here's an overview of the steps you could follow:

Choose a development environment: You'll need a computer and a development environment to write and test your operating system. You'll need to install a cross-compiler that can compile code for the AMD64 architecture.

Plan your operating system: Determine what features you want your operating system to have, what hardware support it will require, what other operating systems you'd like to emulate, and what resources you'll need to create it.

Create a bootloader: The bootloader is the first code that runs when your computer starts up. It sets up the system environment, initializes hardware, and transfers control to the operating system kernel.

Create a kernel: The kernel is the core of your operating system, responsible for managing system resources, scheduling processes, and providing system services. Start by implementing basic functionality like interrupt handling and process management, and then build upon it.

Implement system calls: System calls are the interface between the kernel and user-level processes. They allow user-level processes to request system services from the kernel.

Develop device drivers: Your operating system will need device drivers to communicate with hardware, such as disk controllers, network cards, and video cards. You'll need to write code that communicates with hardware in a low-level manner.

Implement a file system: A file system allows your operating system to store and retrieve data on a disk. Consider using an existing file system or creating your own custom file system.

Write user-level applications: Finally, you'll need to write applications that run on top of your operating system, such as a shell, text editor, and other utilities.

This is a high-level overview of the steps involved in writing an operating system from scratch. There are many subtasks within each step and many decisions to be made along the way. I would be happy to provide further guidance and answer any questions you have as you progress through the process.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>user
Break down each step into appropriate sub steps.<|im_end|>
<|im_start|>assistant
Sure, I can provide a more detailed breakdown of each step:

1. Familiarize yourself with the hardware: Read up on the AMD64 architecture, the CPU and memory architecture, and the various peripheral devices that your operating system will need to support.
    a. Research the AMD64 architecture and the components of its CPU and memory architecture.
    b. Research various peripheral devices and their associated hardware.
    c. Make sure to understand the interactions between the hardware and the operating system.

2. Decide on a design and architecture: Decide on the structure of the operating system, how it will manage memory and processes, how it will handle input and output, and how it will interact with the hardware.
    a. Design the overall architecture of the operating system.
    b. Create a plan for how the operating system will manage memory and processes.
    c. Design a system for how the operating system will handle input and output.
    d. Create a plan for how the operating system will interact with the hardware.

3. Choose a development environment: Choose an operating system and programming language to use for development, such as Linux and C, or a specialized environment like an operating system development kit.
    a. Research and compare the available development environments.
    b. Choose the operating system and programming language that best fit your needs.

4. Write the boot loader: Write code for the boot loader, which will be responsible for initializing the hardware and loading the operating system into memory.
    a. Design the code for the boot loader.
    b. Write the code for the boot loader.

5. Write the kernel: Write code for the kernel, which will handle memory management, process management, device drivers, and other tasks.
    a. Design the code for the kernel.
    b. Write the code for the kernel.

6. Develop system calls and libraries: Write code for system calls and libraries that applications can use to interact with the hardware and other system resources.
    a. Design the code for the system calls and libraries.
    b. Write the code for the system calls and libraries.

7. Develop drivers and other hardware support: Write drivers and other code to support hardware devices, such as disks, keyboards, mice, and displays.
    a. Research the hardware devices and their associated hardware.
    b. Design the code for the drivers and other hardware support.
    c. Write the code for the drivers and other hardware support.

8. Test and debug: Test and debug your operating system thoroughly to identify and fix any bugs and ensure that it is stable and functional.
    a. Develop test cases to thoroughly test all aspects of your operating system.
    b. Run the test cases and analyze the results.
    c. Fix any bugs that are identified during testing.
    d. Repeat the testing process until the operating system is stable and functional.<|im_end|>