The concept of erga omnes obligations has also been used to refer to treaty obligations that a State owes to all other States parties (obligations erga omnes partes) or to non-party States as third party beneficiaries.
普遍义务概念也被用于指一国对所有其他缔约国的条约义务(对每一缔约国的义务) 或对作为第三方受益人的非缔约国的条约义务。