The five European countries cited above have entered formal reservations to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights to preserve their right to institute convictions at the appellate stage, without further review.
上述五个欧洲国家对《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》作出过正式保留，对其在上诉阶段作出定罪判决诉而不再经复审的权利予以保留。