Whether open, endemic or systemic, blatant or polished, corruption has disastrous effects on society generally and on most vulnerable groups in particular.
不论腐败现象具有公开性、普遍性或系统性，还是属于公开或微妙现象，这一现象都对整个社会尤其是极为脆弱群体产生着灾难性影响。