The Council of Europe Convention on Recognition and Enforcement of Decisions concerning Custody of Children and on Restoration of Custody of Children defines improper removal as the removal of a child across an international frontier.
欧洲委员会《有关儿童监护权之决定的承认和执行及儿童监护权之恢复的欧洲公约》12 规定不正当迁移是将儿童迁出国界之外。