(b) Biogeography of Deep-Water Chemosynthetic Ecosystems (ChEss), which is concerned with the diversity, distribution and abundance of fauna in relation to chemosynthetic ecosystems such as hydrothermal vents (where polymetallic sulphides are found);
(b) 深水化合生态系统生物地理研究，涉及(发现多金属硫化物的)热液喷口等化合生态系统相关动物群的多样性、分布情况和数量；