(d) Formal methods of solicitation, utilizing invitations to bid or requests for proposals on the basis of advertisement or direct solicitation of invited suppliers; or informal methods of solicitation, such as requests for quotations.
(d) 正式邀约方法:通过刊登广告招标或索取估价书或向已邀请的供应商直接邀约；或非正式的邀约方法,如征求报价等。