The tragedy had been caused by forced collectivization and by the total control of the State over collective farms, a systemic failing that had extended to the entire Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
这一悲剧是由强制集体化和国家对集体农场的彻底控制造成的，体制上的失败扩大到了整个苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟。