While the absence of a national currency renders monetary policy inaccessible (fixed exchange rate regime), the use of three currencies imposes excessive risk on banks and investors, who have to contend with fluctuations in three exchange rates.
没有国家货币使得货币政策无法制定和执行(固定汇率制度)，而使用三种货币又使得银行和投资者风险过大，他们必须对付三种兑换率的波动。