It establishes a composite system of liability with resurgence of the exceptions that most African States saw disappear from their positive law when they ratified the Hamburg Convention.
多数非洲国家批准《汉堡公约》时，在其实在法中除外规定已不复存在，而第18条确定了一个重新启用了这些除外规定的复合赔偿责任制度。