16 Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Sea and Air, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, article 3 (a).
12 颁布指导原则的国家政府包括澳大利亚、加拿大、爱尔兰、荷兰、挪威、南非、瑞典、联合王国和美国。