James Courage
James Francis Courage (9 February 1903–5 October 1963) was a New Zealand novelist, short-story writer, poet and bookseller. He was born in Ōtautahi/Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand on 9 February 1903.

Early life and education 
Courage was born to Frank Hubert Courage and Zoë Frances Peache. He grew up near Kōwai/Amberley, New Zealand on a farm.

He attended Christ's College from 1916-1921. It was during his time there that he started writing. He later carried out his tertiary studies at St John's College, University of Oxford in 1923.

Career 
In 1927, Courage relocated to London. He briefly worked as a journalist, served as a Fire Warden during World War II, and worked in a bookshop between 1940 and 1950. He was made the store manager in 1946. 

Courage was a prominent writer. His rural New Zealand upbringing served as a setting for five of his eight novels. Some of his works were subject to censorship at the time of publication due to their depictions of romantic relationships between men. In particular, his novel A way of love (1959) was banned in New Zealand at the time due to its homosexual content. 

Courage was a recipient of the Hubert Church Memorial Prize. He was also the inspiration for P.E.N's 'Courage Day' which raised awareness to the persecution of writers.

Works 
Novels
 One House (1933)
 The Fifth child (1948) 
 Desire without content (1950) 
 Fires in the distance (1952) 
 The young have secrets (1954) 
 The call home (1956) 
 A way of Love (1959) 
 The visit to Penmorten (1961)
Short Stories

 Uncle Adam Shot a Stag (1945)

Plays

 Private History (1938)

Personal life 
Much of Courage's life was documented in a series of diaries dated from 1920-1963. He wrote about his relationships as well as his experiences during the World War II bombings of London. In discussing his motivations, Courage told his diary: "Why do I go on writing? One reason is that I believe I’ve written about people in Canterbury as it has never been done before – just as Turgenev wrote about certain people in Russian provincial society as it had not been done before."

Courage lived in England for most of his life, though had a 17 month stint in New Zealand following a tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment in Norfolk from 1931-1933. He was also known to suffer from depression, and received treatment at various points in his life.

Courage was gay, and recorded his relationships with various men in his diaries. He noted one particular relationship with a man named Frank, who he briefly lived with in Argentina. He also maintained friendships with other prominent New Zealand writers such as Frank Sargeson and D'Arcy Cresswell.

Courage died in Hampstead on 5 October 1963. He requested to have his ashes scattered on the Waipara River in New Zealand, near where he grew up.

References

Further reading
 Brickell, Chris "James Courage Diaries", Otago University Press, 2021
Giffuni, Cathe. "James Courage: A Checklist of Published Primary and Secondary Sources, 1925-1986," JNZL: Journal of New Zealand Literature, No. 5, 1987.

External links
 

1903 births
1963 deaths
New Zealand male poets
New Zealand male novelists
20th-century New Zealand novelists
New Zealand male short story writers
New Zealand expatriates in England
New Zealand LGBT novelists
People educated at Christ's College, Christchurch
20th-century New Zealand poets
20th-century New Zealand male writers
20th-century New Zealand dramatists and playwrights
New Zealand male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century New Zealand short story writers
New Zealand booksellers
20th-century New Zealand LGBT people
20th-century New Zealand writers
New Zealand LGBT poets