Coda (electric car)
The Coda is a four-door, four passenger electric car once manufactured by Coda Automotive. After being rescheduled several times, deliveries to retail customers in the United States began in March 2012. The car was sold exclusively in California and only 117 units were delivered by April 2013.

According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Coda's 31 kWh lithium ion iron phosphate (LiFePO4) battery system delivers a range of . EPA's rated the Coda's combined fuel economy at 73 miles per gallon gasoline equivalent ().

The Coda adapted the body of the existing Hafei Saibao III, modifying the front and rear fascias. This variant is produced by Hafei and sold in China as the Saibao Electric Motor Car or Hafei Saibao EV.

History

Coda Automotive re-engineered an existing gasoline-powered vehicle, the Hafei Saibao, in order to reduce the cost of building the Coda electric car from the ground-up. The car was designed by Pininfarina and unveiled at the 2004 Beijing Auto Show. The base Saibao chassis is based on the late-1990s Mitsubishi Lancer. Coda engineers modified the design to improve safety and successfully completed two of the tests necessary to gain Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards certification in the second quarter of 2009; the full frontal impact test at  and the 40% offset test at . The Coda EV debuted in 2008, as the Miles XS 200, a car show prototype, by Coda parent company Miles Electric Vehicles.

Coda Automotive filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on 1 May 2013. The company stated that it expects to emerge from the bankruptcy process to focus on energy storage solutions as it has decided to abandon car manufacturing.

The last remaining unsold Codas were later bought up by electric car company Mullen Technologies, Inc., who are now selling them as the Mullen 700e.

Specifications
 
The Coda basic model was powered by a 31 kWh  (lithium ion iron phosphate) battery system that is substantially larger than that of other vehicles in its class. Under its five-cycle testing, the EPA rated the combined fuel economy equivalent at , with a combined city/highway energy consumption of , the most efficient among all electric cars available in the U.S. by early 2012. The equivalent fuel economy rating for city/highway driving cycles are . EPA's official range is .  Coda Automotive estimated the range to be up to  under favorable operating conditions. The Coda had a top speed of  electronically limited.

The battery system featured an active thermal management system, which Coda Automotive stated would give the vehicle a more dependable range than other BEVs and improved battery system durability. The vehicle featured a 6.6 kW on board charger which charges the vehicle at a rate twice that of the Nissan Leaf and Chevrolet Volt. The Coda sedan could be charged from depletion in under six hours when plugged into a level-two (220 V) charge station.  The company estimated that it would cost less than , on average, to charge the vehicle overnight. The electric car had a 3-year, 36,000 mile limited warranty, the powertrain a 5-year, 60,000 mile limited warranty, and both battery pack options available had a 10-year, 100,000 mile limited warranty.

Safety features included anti-lock braking system, electronic stability control (ESC) with traction control, a 6-air bag system, pre-tensioner equipped seat belts, and a child restrain system. Standard non-safety features included a touch-screen CD player radio, eco-friendly cloth seats, and chrome door handles and side mirrors. Available features include black-finished alloy wheels, metallic paint colors, leather seats, and an upgraded premium sound system.

Safety
2012 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) crash test ratings:
Frontal driver: 
Frontal passenger: 
Front side: 
Rear side: 
Rollover:

Recalls
The NHTSA stated that Coda Automotive must replace both side curtain airbags in all of the 117 cars sold.

Pricing and sales
 
Initial deliveries of the vehicle were planned for December 2010 but were pushed back to the second half of 2011 as Coda Automotive decided to have more time available to ensure the quality of the car, and later were again rescheduled for late 2011. The latest market launch was slated for February 2012. The first production unit for retail sale came off the assembly line in March 2012, and the first deliveries to retail customers in the United States took place on March 19, 2012. The electric was available only in California, and sales were planned for Oregon and Florida in 2013, but they never took place.

The retail price of the 2012 Coda began at  before any electric vehicle federal tax credit and other state and local incentives that are available in the U.S. The base model came with a 31 kWh battery (EPA rated combined range of  per charge). Coda Automotive planned to offer an option with 35/36 kWh battery pack that was expected to deliver approximately  of additional range, and priced at . Production of the 35-kWh battery model was scheduled to begin by mid-2012, but it was never offered for sale. A total of 78 units of the initial run of vehicles were recalled for problems with air bag deployment, further dampening sales prospects.

When Coda Automotive filed for bankruptcy protection on May 1, 2013, 117 units had been delivered in California. In September 2013 the leftover stock was bought by two organizations, Club Auto Sales and Ready Remarketing. A total of 50 cars and 100 gliders were put for sale at a discounted price in the U.S. and abroad, as 11 of the 50 cars with the complete electric powertrain are not legal for use in the U.S. due to the larger size of their battery. The gliders sales price was . In 2014, Mullen Motor Company (Mullen Technologies) released the Mullen 700e, a slightly revamped version of the Coda, created out of the remaining stock.

See also
 Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles
 List of electric cars currently available
 List of modern production plug-in electric vehicles
 List of production battery electric vehicles
 Plug-in electric vehicle
 Plug-in electric vehicles in the United States
 Zero-emissions vehicle
 Last Coda retail sale

References

External links
 
Official Website

Production electric cars
Mid-size cars
2010s cars
Cars introduced in 2012
Front-wheel-drive vehicles