Creating Family Spaces
Architects create the overall look of buildings and other structures, but the design of a building involves far more than its appearance. Buildings also must be functional, safe, and economical and must suit the needs of the people who use them. Architects consider all these factors when they design buildings and other structures.
Architects may be involved in all phases of a construction project, from the initial discussion with the client through the final delivery of the completed structure. Their duties require specific skills—designing, engineering, managing, supervising, and communicating with clients and builders.
Architects spend a great deal of time explaining their ideas to clients, construction contractors, and others. Successful architects must be able to communicate their unique vision persuasively.
The architect and client discuss the objectives, requirements, and budget of a project. In some cases, architects provide various predesign services: conducting feasibility and environmental impact studies, selecting a site, preparing cost analysis and land-use studies, or specifying the requirements the design must meet. For example, they may determine space requirements by researching the numbers and types of potential users of a building. The architect then prepares drawings and a report presenting ideas for the client to review.
After discussing and agreeing on the initial proposal, architects develop final construction plans that show the building's appearance and details for its construction. Accompanying these plans are drawings of the structural system; air-conditioning, heating, and ventilating systems; electrical systems; communications systems; plumbing; and, possibly, site and landscape plans. The plans also specify the building materials and, in some cases, the interior furnishings. In developing designs, architects follow building codes, zoning laws, fire regulations, and other ordinances, such as those requiring easy access by people who are disabled. Computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) and building information modeling (BIM) technology have replaced traditional paper and pencil as the most common method for creating design and construction drawings. Continual revision of plans on the basis of client needs and budget constraints is often necessary.
Architects may also assist clients in obtaining construction bids, selecting contractors, and negotiating construction contracts. As construction proceeds, they may visit building sites to make sure that contractors follow the design, adhere to the schedule, use the specified materials, and meet work quality standards. The job is not complete until all construction is finished, required tests are conducted, and construction costs are paid. Sometimes, architects also provide postconstruction services, such as facilities management. They advise on energy efficiency measures, evaluate how well the building design adapts to the needs of occupants, and make necessary improvements.
Often working with engineers, urban planners, interior designers, landscape architects, and other professionals, architects in fact spend a great deal of their time coordinating information from, and the work of, other professionals engaged in the same project.
They design a wide variety of buildings, such as office and apartment buildings, schools, churches, factories, hospitals, houses, and airport terminals. They also design complexes such as urban centers, college campuses, industrial parks, and entire communities.
Architects sometimes specialize in one phase of work. Some specialize in the design of one type of building—for example, hospitals, schools, or housing. Others focus on planning and predesign services or construction management and do minimal design work.
Usually working in a comfortable environment, architects spend most of their time in offices consulting with clients, developing reports and drawings, and working with other architects and engineers. However, they often visit construction sites to review the progress of projects. In 2019, approximately 1 in 5 architects worked more than 50 hours per week, as long hours and work during nights and weekends is often necessary to meet deadlines.
Creating happy Spaces ...
Positive Architecture & Interior Designing by VINAYANDRASHMI
Jengo la ujenzi ni jengo la ujenzi, na kwa ujumla, ujenzi wa jengo ni zaidi ya kuonekana. Majengo pia lazima yawe yenye kutumika, salama, na yenye kuokoa pesa na lazima yakubaliane na mahitaji ya watu wanaotumia majengo hayo. Wasanifu-ujenzi hufikiria mambo hayo yote wanapobuni majengo na majengo mengine. Wasanifu wanaweza kuhusika katika hatua zote za mradi wa ujenzi, kutoka majadiliano ya awali na mteja kupitia utoaji wa mwisho wa muundo uliokamilika. Majukumu yao yanahitaji ujuzi maalum - kubuni, uhandisi, usimamizi, usimamizi, na kuwasiliana na wateja na wajenzi. Wasanifu-ujenzi hutumia wakati mwingi kueleza mawazo yao kwa wateja, wakandarasi wa ujenzi, na wengineo. Wasanifu-ujenzi wenye mafanikio lazima wawe na uwezo wa kuwasiliana maono yao ya kipekee kwa ushawishi. Mhandisi wa majengo na mteja huzungumzia malengo, mahitaji, na bajeti ya mradi. Katika baadhi ya kesi, wasanifu hutoa huduma mbalimbali za kabla ya kubuni: kufanya utafiti wa uwezekano na athari za mazingira, kuchagua tovuti, kuandaa uchambuzi wa gharama na masomo ya matumizi ya ardhi, au kutaja mahitaji ya kubuni lazima kukidhi. Kwa mfano, wanaweza kuamua mahitaji ya nafasi kwa kuchunguza idadi na aina ya watumiaji wa uwezekano wa jengo. Kisha mbuni-ujenzi huandaa michoro na ripoti inayoonyesha mawazo ambayo mteja anaweza kuchunguza. Baada ya kujadili na kukubaliana juu ya pendekezo la awali, wasanifu-ujenzi huendeleza mipango ya ujenzi ya mwisho ambayo inaonyesha muonekano wa jengo na maelezo ya ujenzi wake. Mipango hiyo huambatana na michoro ya mfumo wa ujenzi; mifumo ya kuyeyusha hewa, ya kupasha joto, na ya kupeperusha hewa; mifumo ya umeme; mifumo ya mawasiliano; mifumo ya mabomba; na, labda, mipango ya eneo na mandhari. Mipango hiyo pia huonyesha vifaa vya ujenzi na, katika visa fulani, vifaa vya ndani. Katika kubuni, wasanifu-ujenzi hufuata kanuni za ujenzi, sheria za kupanga maeneo, sheria za moto, na sheria nyingine, kama vile zile zinazohitaji watu wenye ulemavu waweze kuzifikia kwa urahisi. Uhandisi wa CAD (Computer Aided Design and Drafting) na teknolojia ya BIM (Building Information Modeling) zimebadilisha karatasi na penseli kama njia ya kawaida ya kuunda michoro ya kubuni na ujenzi. Mapitio ya kuendelea ya mipango kwa msingi wa mahitaji ya mteja na vikwazo vya bajeti mara nyingi ni muhimu. Wasanifu-ujenzi wanaweza pia kuwasaidia wateja kupata zabuni za ujenzi, kuchagua wakandarasi, na kujadili mikataba ya ujenzi. Wakati wa ujenzi, huenda wakatembelea majengo ya ujenzi ili kuhakikisha kwamba wakandarasi wanafuata muundo, wanashikamana na ratiba, wanatumia vifaa vilivyoainishwa, na wanakidhi viwango vya ubora wa kazi. Kazi haijakamilika mpaka ujenzi wote ukamalizike, majaribio yanayohitajika yafanywe, na gharama za ujenzi zilipwe. Wakati mwingine, wasanifu-ujenzi pia hutoa huduma za baada ya ujenzi, kama vile usimamizi wa vifaa. Wao kutoa ushauri juu ya hatua za ufanisi wa nishati, kutathmini jinsi vizuri kubuni jengo adapts kwa mahitaji ya wakazi, na kufanya maboresho muhimu. Mara nyingi wanafanya kazi na wahandisi, wasanifu wa mijini, wabunifu wa mambo ya ndani, wasanifu wa mazingira, na wataalamu wengine, wasanifu-ujenzi kwa kweli hutumia muda wao mwingi kuratibu habari kutoka kwa, na kazi ya, wataalamu wengine wanaohusika katika mradi huo huo. Wao hutengeneza majengo mbalimbali, kama vile majengo ya ofisi na ya ghorofa, shule, makanisa, viwanda, hospitali, nyumba, na vituo vya ndege. Pia wao hutengeneza majengo kama vile vituo vya mijini, vyuo vikuu, viwanja vya viwanda, na jumuiya nzima. Nyakati nyingine wasanifu-ujenzi hujitolea katika hatua moja ya kazi. Baadhi yao hujenga majengo ya aina moja - kwa mfano, hospitali, shule, au nyumba. Wengine hukazia fikira mipango na huduma za kubuni mapema au usimamizi wa ujenzi na kufanya kazi ndogo ya kubuni. Kwa kawaida, wanafanya kazi katika mazingira mazuri, na hutumia wakati wao mwingi katika ofisi zao, wakishauriana na wateja, wakitengeneza ripoti na michoro, na kufanya kazi pamoja na wasanifu wengine. Hata hivyo, mara nyingi wao hutembelea maeneo ya ujenzi ili kuchunguza maendeleo ya miradi hiyo. Katika 2019, takriban 1 katika wasanifu 5 walifanya kazi zaidi ya masaa 50 kwa wiki, kwani masaa marefu na kazi wakati wa usiku na mwishoni mwa wiki mara nyingi inahitajika kukidhi tarehe za mwisho. Kuunda Maeneo ya Furaha... Usanifu-ujenzi wa chanya na Ubunifu wa Mambo ya Ndani na VINAYANDRASHMI