Genocide is happening today, and it will be happening tomorrow. It is not yet time to tell volunteers to stop dredging the Red River for dead bodies of Indigenous women and girls nor time for red dresses to stop being hung on the Highway of Tears. There are dead bodies in the water. There are missing bodies who were taken along wooded highways. . .
This article evaluates the current rates of violence against Indigenous women in Canada within (1) the greater context of an ongoing colonial genocide against Indigenous peoples and (2) with a narrow-gendered lens on women. First, I will provide background on the international legal definition of genocide, and the perceptions behind physical, biological, and cultural genocide. Next, I will compare how colonial genocide differs from the Holocaust protype of genocide. Then, I will outline how colonial genocide against Indigenous peoples in Canada has evolved over time by dividing the centuries-long genocide into three broad stages. The first stage of colonial genocide began during the onset of colonial invasion in North America and was the most lethal stage in terms of reducing total Indigenous population by massacres, disease, and war. The second stage of colonial genocide took place in the twentieth century and was characterized by a shift to government state policy which fueled the perpetration and continuance of genocide intended to destroy the social unit of Indigenous communities (namely the Indian Act, the Residential Schools system, and the Sixties Scoop). The third stage is the modern genocidal violence perpetrated against Indigenous women, girls, and Two Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, intersex and asexual (2SLGBTQQIA) people. Reimagining and reexamining genocide through a colonial and gendered lens reveals how genocide evolves over time and mutates in response to the resilience of the targeted group. Understanding how the current stage of violence against Indigenous women, girls, and 2SLGBTQQIA people manifested requires an examination of past evolving forms of genocide. Finally, I will return to the international legal definition of genocide and outline how throughout each stage of the three stages of colonial genocide, different genocidal acts align with the international legal definition of the crime of genocide.
Mauaji ya kimbari yanafanyika leo, na yatakuwa yakitokea kesho. "Hata hivyo, haijafika wakati wa kuwaambia wajitoleaji kuacha kuchimba maji ya Mto Red River kwa ajili ya maiti za wanawake na wasichana wa asili, wala wakati wa mavazi mekundu kuacha kunyongwa kwenye barabara kuu ya machozi.""" Kuna maiti majini. Kuna miili iliyopotea ambayo ilichukuliwa kando ya barabara kuu zenye miti. . . Makala hii inathamini viwango vya sasa vya vurugu dhidi ya wanawake wa asili nchini Canada ndani ya (1) muktadha mkubwa wa mauaji ya kimbari ya kikoloni dhidi ya watu wa asili na (2) kwa lensi nyembamba ya kijinsia juu ya wanawake. Kwanza, nitatoa msingi juu ya ufafanuzi wa kisheria wa kimataifa wa mauaji ya kimbari, na maoni nyuma ya mauaji ya kimbari ya kimwili, kibiolojia, na kitamaduni. Ifuatayo, nitalinganisha jinsi mauaji ya kimbari ya kikoloni yalivyo tofauti na mauaji ya kimbari ya mfano wa yale ya Holocaust. "Kisha, nitaelezea jinsi mauaji ya kimbari ya kikoloni dhidi ya watu wa asili nchini Canada yamebadilika kwa muda kwa kugawanya mauaji ya kimbari ya karne nyingi katika hatua tatu kuu. """ Hatua ya kwanza ya mauaji ya kimbari ilianza wakati wa kuanza kwa uvamizi wa kikoloni katika Amerika ya Kaskazini na ilikuwa hatua mbaya zaidi katika suala la kupunguza jumla ya idadi ya wenyeji kwa mauaji, magonjwa, na vita. Hatua ya pili ya mauaji ya kimbari ilitokea katika karne ya ishirini na ilijulikana kwa mabadiliko ya sera ya serikali ambayo ilichochea uharibifu wa jamii ya wenyeji (yaani Sheria ya Wahindi, Mfumo wa Shule za Makazi, na Scoop ya Sita). "Mtazamo wa tatu ni ""jeuri ya kisasa ya mauaji ya kimbari"" dhidi ya wanawake wa asili, wasichana, na watu wa roho mbili, wasagaji, mashoga, bisexual, transgender, queer, kuhoji, intersex na asexual (2SLGBTQIA)." Kufikiria upya na kuchunguza tena mauaji ya kimbari kupitia lensi ya kikoloni na ya kijinsia hufunua jinsi mauaji ya kimbari yanavyobadilika kwa muda na kubadilika kwa kujibu upinzani wa kikundi kilicholengwa. Kuelewa jinsi hatua ya sasa ya vurugu dhidi ya wanawake wa asili, wasichana, na watu wa 2SLGBTQIA ilionyesha inahitaji uchunguzi wa aina zilizopita za mauaji ya kimbari. Mwishowe, nitarudi kwenye ufafanuzi wa kisheria wa kimataifa wa mauaji ya kimbari na kuonyesha jinsi katika kila hatua ya hatua tatu za mauaji ya kimbari ya kikoloni, vitendo tofauti vya mauaji ya kimbari vinavyolingana na ufafanuzi wa kisheria wa kimataifa wa uhalifu wa mauaji ya kimbari.