First step in pricing: Creating a list of raw materials, subassemblies, intermediate assemblies, sub-components, parts, and the quantities of each required to manufacture the finished product.
The BOM is also displayed as a graphic product tree, on which the routing cards for production are generated as well as the list of defined processes and purchase items.
There are levels and sub-levels in the tree, with the finished product appearing above and below each of the boys and each of its tree members.
Each member of a tree can be either a whole or a part of an assembly.
For each item in the tree, there is a list of processes or purchases required for its production.
Having all of this information is very important for pricing and proceeding to the next step of determining working hours for each process and procuring the items needed for production.
Following the pricing, the working hours defined in the pricing will be used for statistics and comparisons with the reporting times, for production control, and for checking compliance with the standard times.
The product tree defined during the pricing stage can also be used during the ordering stage, which will save a lot of time in re-establishing the entire process.
From the pricing department, the ordering department receives all the information and only verifies the accuracy of the information.
As soon as we have a BOM, we can start pricing each item in the product tree: the purchase items needed for production are defined, the processes the item has to go through in the production line, internal organizational processes, and external processes are defined. Following the definition of the processes there is a standard for the production of each process, and then there is an estimate of time for production that is compared to the actual time needed to produce each item, and the timeliness is set according to the standard.
The end of the pricing phase is defined by the definition of the profit percentage and the summation of costs for all the pricing components: HG and working time. Indirect and direct costs, shipping, etc. are added to these costs. After the quotation is sent to the customer, the follow-up phase begins until the quotation for the order is approved and changed.
Hatua ya kwanza katika bei: Kuunda orodha ya malighafi, subassemblies, assemblies kati, sub-sehemu, sehemu, na kiasi cha kila moja inahitajika kutengeneza bidhaa ya mwisho. BOM pia inaonyeshwa kama mti wa bidhaa ya picha, ambayo kadi za njia za uzalishaji hutengenezwa na orodha ya michakato iliyofafanuliwa na vitu vya ununuzi. Kuna ngazi na sub- ngazi katika mti, na bidhaa ya kumaliza kuonekana juu na chini ya kila mmoja wa wavulana na kila mmoja wa wanachama wake mti. Kila mshiriki wa mti anaweza kuwa au sehemu ya mkusanyiko. Kwa kila kitu katika mti, kuna orodha ya michakato au ununuzi required kwa ajili ya uzalishaji wake. Kuwa na habari hii yote ni muhimu sana kwa bei na kuendelea na hatua inayofuata ya kuamua masaa ya kazi kwa kila mchakato na kupata vitu vinavyohitajika kwa uzalishaji. Baada ya bei, masaa ya kazi iliyoainishwa katika bei itatumiwa kwa takwimu na kulinganisha na nyakati za ripoti, kwa udhibiti wa uzalishaji, na kwa kuangalia kufuata nyakati za kawaida. Mti wa bidhaa uliotengenezwa wakati wa hatua ya bei unaweza pia kutumika wakati wa hatua ya kuagiza, ambayo itaokoa muda mwingi katika kuanzisha upya mchakato mzima. Kutoka idara ya bei, idara ya kuagiza hupokea habari zote na tu kuthibitisha usahihi wa habari. Mara tu tunapokuwa na BOM, tunaweza kuanza bei ya kila bidhaa katika mti wa bidhaa: bidhaa za ununuzi zinahitajika kwa uzalishaji, mchakato wa bidhaa lazima ipite katika mstari wa uzalishaji, mchakato wa ndani wa shirika, na mchakato wa nje. Baada ya kuamua mchakato, kuna kiwango cha uzalishaji wa kila mchakato, na kisha kuna makadirio ya wakati wa uzalishaji ambao unalinganishwa na wakati halisi unaohitajika kuzalisha kila kitu, na wakati unawekwa kulingana na kiwango. Mwisho wa awamu ya bei ni maalum na ufafanuzi wa asilimia ya faida na jumla ya gharama kwa ajili ya vipengele vyote bei: HG na muda wa kazi. Gharama za moja kwa moja na zisizo za moja kwa moja, usafirishaji, nk. ni aliongeza kwa gharama hizi. Baada ya nukuu ni kutumwa kwa mteja, hatua ya kufuatilia huanza mpaka nukuu kwa ajili ya amri ni kupitishwa na iliyopita.