Following the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's approval of emergency use authorization for Pfizer's COVID-19 vaccine, many are feeling hopeful that numerous lives will be saved and a return to normalcy — one that includes concerts, sporting events, family gatherings and unrestricted travel — is on the horizon.
That horizon, however, remains in the distance for now, scientists say.
The vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna have been tested for safety and efficacy in tens of thousands of volunteer participants, with both companies reporting the vaccines, which rely on new genetic technology, are highly effective at preventing COVID-19 and have resulted in no major safety concerns to date.
A third company also conducting large-scale trials, AstraZeneca, announced Nov. 23 that preliminary data show its vaccine to be 70% effective with no safety concerns thus far, though some irregularities in dosing has complicated its results. Early data was drawn from participants in the United Kingdom and Brazil. The trial remains ongoing, with some research conducted stateside led by Eric Daar, MD, of the Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center.
In the U.S., the first COVID-19 vaccine was administered on Monday, Dec. 14, at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in Queens, N.Y. But exactly when vaccines will arrive at doctors’ offices across the country and how much will be available is still to be determined.
“There are more questions than answers,” says Judith Currier, MD, chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and chair of the AIDS Clinical Trials Group. “Working through these next steps is going to require some patience.”
How do we know these new vaccines are safe?
The Pfizer and Moderna vaccines rely on genetic molecules called messenger RNA (or mRNA), which has been in development for years but never previously used in vaccines. Both companies conducted placebo-controlled trials, meaning half the participants in each received active vaccines and the other half received an inert placebo. Pfizer’s trial had more than 43,000 participants; Moderna’s involved 30,000.
Both companies agreed to monitor participants for at least two months after they received their last vaccine before seeking emergency use authorization for wider distribution, says Dr. Daar, chief of HIV Medicine at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center.
“That was a way of saying that even if we know that it works, we need to have a large number of people followed for at least several months to assure relative safety,” Dr. Daar says, adding that most vaccine side effects occur in the first weeks or months. “We definitely need a longer follow-up, but in the context of a pandemic where we need to save lives, I think having this many volunteers followed for two months or more without any significant side effects is a good signal.”
The FDA requires this kind of safety data before considering vaccines or other medications for emergency use authorization.
How do we know these vaccines are as effective as claimed?
Initial efficacy claims from Pfizer, Moderna and AstraZeneca are based on the number of people who developed COVID-19 in the placebo group compared to the vaccine group.
Pfizer says that of the 170 volunteers who developed COVID-19 during its trial, eight were in the vaccine group. In Moderna’s trial, 95 people contracted COVID-19, five of whom had received the vaccine.
AstraZeneca's early results found that 131 of 23,000 volunteers in the United Kingdom and Brazil contracted COVID-19 during the trial, but the company did not initially say how many of these infections were among the placebo group vs. the vaccine group. No severe illnesses were reported.
“The assumption was that if the vaccines were at least 50% effective, that would be good,” Dr. Daar says of the COVID-19 trials.
It remains unclear whether the vaccines prevent infection from SARS-CoV-2, prevent illness in those infected, or both, he says. “It could be that it’s completely protecting people from infection,” Dr. Daar says. “It’s also possible that the infection rate may be higher, but it’s protective from disease progression.”
Either way, the apparent success of the vaccines is encouraging to scientists, Dr. Currier says.
“What these early results tell us is that it looks like we’re on the right track,” she says. “This efficacy suggests that the target for the vaccines, which are all very similar, is the right target.”
What about other potential COVID-19 vaccines?
Twelve vaccines are in phase 3 trials with large numbers of participants, Dr. Currier says. AstraZeneca’s vaccine and another from Johnson & Johnson are among those that use a different approach than the messenger RNA in the Pfizer and Moderna candidates. All of these vaccines, however, direct the body to make spike proteins, which help the immune system recognize the virus and release defenses, such as T-cells and antibodies, to eliminate infected cells and prevent infection of healthy cells.
As long as these various vaccines prove safe and effective, more is likely better, given the need to inoculate as many of the globe’s nearly 8 billion people as possible. “If we get positive signals from these next vaccine trials — they’re still enrolling — that’s just more vaccine to go around,” Dr. Daar says. “The more companies that have it, the more vaccine is available.”
How many doses of the vaccine will be available and when?
The Pfizer vaccine is now being distributed, and Moderna is seeking emergency use authorization from the FDA. Each of these vaccines has been evaluated after two doses, a few weeks apart, with less known about how protective a single dose would be.
Pfizer expects to produce up to 50 million doses of its vaccine globally in 2020 and 1.3 billion doses in 2021. It’s unclear how many of those doses will be available in the United States, which has committed to buying 100 million doses from the company, with the option to purchase more. Government officials expect at least 20 million doses by the end of the year.
Moderna says it expects to provide 20 million doses to the U.S. by year’s end and will produce 500 million to 1 billion in 2021. The government already has committed to buying 100 million doses of this vaccine as well, and can buy more.
“It sounds so disappointing, right? Like only enough to immunize 30 or 40 million Americans by the end of the year,” Dr. Daar says. “On the other hand, that’s a lot of doses to be available literally within weeks of the first report that the vaccines work. So while it’s disappointing that there’s not 600 million doses already, it’s still pretty extraordinary.”
When can I get the vaccine?
It’s hard to know exactly when vaccines will be widely available to the general public, Dr. Currier says. “There’s a lot that needs to be put in place,” she says. “But people are working very hard to make this happen as soon as it can be done safely.”
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says all adults should be able to be vaccinated in 2021. The earliest doses received will be prioritized for health care workers, first responders and those at high risk of severe disease, such as nursing-home residents.
Should I get a COVID-19 vaccine?
Yes, Dr. Currier says: “I think we should encourage people to get the vaccine when it becomes available. Absolutely.”
How will the vaccine be distributed?
Vaccine distribution is being marshaled by Operation Warp Speed (OWS), a partnership of the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Defense and other federal agencies and private firms. OWS has been responsible for funding some vaccine trials, stockpiling doses of different vaccine formulations and collecting enough needles, syringes and other supplies to administer the vaccine broadly and effectively across the country.
With military-level precision and armed guards protecting the vaccine supply, OWS plans to use shipping services such as UPS and FedEx to deliver FDA-authorized vaccines — under deep freeze, where necessary — and injection supplies to all U.S. states and territories. The Pfizer vaccine needs to be kept at minus-94 degrees Fahrenheit, colder than ordinary freezers can accommodate. Once defrosted and refrigerated, it must be administered within five days.
Once supplies are received, each locale is responsible for executing its own rollout. California has been assembling its distribution plans since April and is calling on the state’s vast network of hospitals and medical providers to administer vaccines. OWS will track recipient sites and even individual recipients to ensure they all receive the required doses, two each with the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. It’s too early to tell whether one or two doses will be required with the AstraZeneca vaccine.
UCLA Health will be among the state’s recipient sites and already is developing distribution and education plans.
How is it decided who gets a vaccine first?
Logistics aren’t the only concern when it comes to distribution. There are also ethical questions about who can get the vaccine and when.
“There are always concerns about equity, even though this will be funded through the U.S. government and it’s going to be available to everybody,” says Dr. Daar. “There are certain groups that are going to have an easier time accessing it than others.”
Vickie Mays, PhD, MSPH, a professor of health policy and management at the UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, developed a model to identify areas that might be prioritized for vaccine distribution. The model maps Los Angeles County by neighborhood based on indicators that increase risk for serious COVID-19 illness: preexisting medical conditions, barriers to health care access, population density and socioeconomic challenges.
This model, which can be applied to other counties and jurisdictions, shows that the most vulnerable areas in Los Angeles County are in South Los Angeles and the eastern San Fernando Valley. Dr. Mays hopes public health officials might use this model as a tool for identifying where early allocations of the vaccine might have the most impact to stop infection spread.
Dr. Daar notes that another ethical concern is how to handle placebo groups in vaccine trials, which are meant to continue for two years.
“I don’t think anyone believes, if all the data comes in as we expect it to, that you’re going to be able to keep the placebo group on placebo for two years when there’s a vaccine available that’s been shown to work,” he says. “These are people who made a huge sacrifice and took a chance on an experimental vaccine. We need to make sure to take care of the people who got placebo.”
The volunteers participating in clinical trials during COVID-19 “are the real heroes of this pandemic,” says Dr. Currier, “for helping us find an effective treatment or prevention through vaccine.”
How many people have to be vaccinated for the pandemic to end?
There are too many unknown factors to say definitively, Dr. Currier says, including how long immunity from the vaccine lasts and how the pandemic evolves. Dr. Fauci has said that a return to pre-pandemic normalcy won’t begin until most people are vaccinated.
So when the vaccine arrives, can I throw my mask away?
Not according to Dr. Fauci. “I think we’re going to have some degree of public health measures together with the vaccine for a considerable period of time,” he said in a recent New York Times interview. “We’ve got to make sure that the overwhelming majority of people take the vaccine. If they do, we likely will be approaching normal as we get into the third or fourth quarter of next year.”
For information on enrolling in the COVID-19 vaccine trial being conducted through the Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, click here.
Baada ya idhini ya Idara ya Chakula na Dawa ya Marekani (FDA) ya idhini ya matumizi ya dharura ya chanjo ya Pfizer ya COVID-19, wengi wanahisi matumaini kwamba maisha mengi yataokolewa na kurudi kwa hali ya kawaida - moja ambayo inajumuisha matamasha, matukio ya michezo, makusanyiko ya familia na kusafiri bila vizuizi - iko kwenye upeo wa macho. Hata hivyo, wanasayansi wanasema kwamba wakati huo bado ni mbali sana. Chanjo za Pfizer na Moderna zimepimwa kwa usalama na ufanisi katika maelfu ya washiriki wa kujitolea, na kampuni zote mbili zinaripoti chanjo hizo, ambazo zinategemea teknolojia mpya ya maumbile, zina ufanisi mkubwa katika kuzuia COVID-19 na hazijaleta wasiwasi mkubwa wa usalama hadi sasa. Kampuni ya tatu, AstraZeneca, ambayo pia inafanya majaribio makubwa, ilitangaza Novemba 23 kwamba data za awali zinaonyesha chanjo yake kuwa na ufanisi wa 70% bila wasiwasi wowote wa usalama hadi sasa, ingawa baadhi ya makosa katika kipimo yamezidisha matokeo yake. Takwimu za mapema zilitokana na washiriki katika Uingereza na Brazil. Utafiti huo unaendelea na utafiti fulani unaofanywa nchini Marekani unaoongozwa na Eric Dar, MD, wa Taasisi ya Lundquist katika Kituo cha Matibabu cha Harbor-UCLA. Chanjo ya kwanza ya COVID-19 ilitolewa Jumatatu, Desemba 14, katika Kituo cha Matibabu cha Kiyahudi cha Long Island huko Queens, New York. Lakini ni lini hasa chanjo zitafika katika ofisi za madaktari kote nchini na ni kiasi gani kitakachopatikana bado hakijathibitishwa. "Kuna maswali mengi kuliko majibu,"" anasema Judith Currier, MD, mkuu wa Idara ya Magonjwa ya Kuambukiza katika Shule ya Tiba ya David Geffen huko UCLA na mwenyekiti wa Kikundi cha Majaribio ya Kliniki ya Ukimwi." """Kufanya kazi kupitia hatua hizi zifuatazo itahitaji subira,"" alisema, ""Tunajuaje kwamba chanjo hizi mpya ni salama?" Chanjo za Pfizer na Moderna zinategemea molekuli za urithi zinazoitwa RNA ya mjumbe (mRNA), ambayo imekuwa ikitengenezwa kwa miaka lakini haijawahi kutumiwa katika chanjo. Kampuni zote mbili zilifanya majaribio ya kudhibitiwa na placebo, ikimaanisha nusu ya washiriki katika kila moja walipokea chanjo za kazi na nusu nyingine walipokea placebo isiyo na nguvu. Majaribio ya Pfizer yalihusisha washiriki zaidi ya 43,000 na Moderna 30,000 Kampuni zote mbili zilikubaliana kufuatilia washiriki kwa angalau miezi miwili baada ya kupokea chanjo yao ya mwisho kabla ya kutafuta idhini ya matumizi ya dharura kwa usambazaji mkubwa, anasema Dk Daar, mkuu wa dawa ya HIV katika Kituo cha Matibabu cha Harbor-UCLA. "Hiyo ilikuwa njia ya kusema kwamba hata ikiwa tunajua inafanya kazi, tunahitaji kuwa na idadi kubwa ya watu kufuatiwa kwa angalau miezi kadhaa ili kuhakikisha usalama wa kiasi, ""Dkt Daar anasema, akiongeza kuwa athari nyingi za chanjo hutokea katika wiki au miezi ya kwanza." """Tuna hakika tunahitaji ufuatiliaji mrefu, lakini katika muktadha wa janga ambapo tunahitaji kuokoa maisha, nadhani kuwa na wajitoleaji wengi kama hawa kufuatiwa kwa miezi miwili au zaidi bila athari yoyote kubwa ni ishara nzuri,"" alisema Dk. Tunajuaje kwamba chanjo hizo zina matokeo kama inavyotajwa? Madai ya ufanisi wa awali kutoka kwa Pfizer, Moderna na AstraZeneca yanategemea idadi ya watu ambao walipata COVID-19 katika kikundi cha placebo ikilinganishwa na kikundi cha chanjo. Pfizer inasema kuwa kati ya wajitoleaji 170 waliopata COVID-19 wakati wa jaribio lake, wanane walikuwa katika kikundi cha chanjo. Katika majaribio ya Moderna, watu 95 waliambukizwa COVID-19, ambao watano kati yao walikuwa wamepokea chanjo. AstraZeneca iligundua kuwa 131 kati ya wajitoleaji 23,000 nchini Uingereza na Brazil waliambukizwa COVID-19 wakati wa jaribio hilo, lakini kampuni hiyo haikutangaza awali ni wangapi kati ya maambukizi hayo walikuwa katika kundi la placebo dhidi ya kundi la chanjo. Hakuna magonjwa mazito yaliyoripotiwa. "Mtazamo ulikuwa kwamba ikiwa chanjo hizo zingekuwa na ufanisi wa angalau 50% basi ingekuwa nzuri,"" Dk Daar anasema kuhusu majaribio ya COVID-19." "Hata hivyo, bado haijulikani ikiwa chanjo hizo zinazuia maambukizi ya SARS-CoV-2 au kuzuia magonjwa kwa wale walioambukizwa, au zote mbili. """ "Inaweza kuwa kwamba ni kabisa kulinda watu kutoka maambukizi", Dr. Daar anasema. "Inawezekana pia kuwa kiwango cha maambukizi kinaweza kuwa juu, lakini ni kinga dhidi ya maendeleo ya ugonjwa. ""Kwa vyovyote vile, mafanikio ya wazi ya chanjo ni ya kutia moyo kwa wanasayansi, ""Kulingana na Currier." "Kile matokeo haya ya mapema yanatuambia ni kwamba inaonekana tuko kwenye njia sahihi", anasema. "Ufanisi huu unaonyesha kwamba lengo la chanjo, ambazo zote ni sawa sana, ni lengo sahihi. ""Kuhusu chanjo nyingine zinazowezekana za COVID-19?" """Tumekuwa tukifanya majaribio ya hatua ya tatu ya chanjo ya COVID-19 kwa idadi kubwa ya washiriki,"" alisema Curry." Chanjo ya AstraZeneca na nyingine kutoka Johnson & Johnson ni miongoni mwa zile zinazotumia mbinu tofauti na RNA ya mjumbe katika wagombea wa Pfizer na Moderna. Vyakula hivyo huongoza mwili kutengeneza protini za spike, ambazo husaidia mfumo wa kinga kutambua virusi na kutolewa kwa ulinzi, kama vile seli za T na antibodi, ili kuondoa seli zilizoambukizwa na kuzuia maambukizi ya seli zenye afya. """Maadamu chanjo hizi mbalimbali zinaonekana kuwa salama na zenye ufanisi, zaidi ni bora, kwa kuzingatia haja ya kuingiza chanjo kwa watu wengi iwezekanavyo kati ya watu bilioni nane duniani." "Ikiwa tutapata ishara nzuri kutoka kwa majaribio haya ya chanjo ya pili - bado wanajiandikisha - hiyo ni chanjo zaidi ya kuzunguka", anasema Dk Daar. "Kama kampuni nyingi zitakuwa na chanjo, ndivyo chanjo nyingi zitakavyopatikana, "" alisema." Chanjo ya Pfizer sasa inapatikana kwa watumiaji wote, na Moderna inatafuta idhini ya matumizi ya dharura kutoka kwa FDA. Kila moja ya chanjo hizi imehesabiwa baada ya dozi mbili, kwa wiki chache tofauti, na haijulikani sana jinsi dozi moja ingekuwa ya kinga. Pfizer inatarajia kutengeneza dozi milioni 50 za chanjo hiyo ulimwenguni kote mwaka 2020 na dozi bilioni 1.3 mwaka 2021. Haijulikani ni dozi ngapi zitapatikana nchini Marekani, ambayo imejipanga kununua dozi milioni 100 kutoka kwa kampuni hiyo, na chaguo la kununua zaidi. Serikali inatarajia angalau dozi milioni 20 kufikia mwisho wa mwaka. Moderna inatarajia kutoa dozi milioni 20 kwa Marekani kufikia mwisho wa mwaka na itazalisha dozi milioni 500 hadi bilioni 1 mnamo 2021. Serikali imeweka ahadi ya kununua dozi milioni 100 za chanjo hiyo na inaweza kununua dozi zaidi. <unk>Inasikika kuwa ya kukatisha tamaa sana, sivyo? """Hii ni kiasi cha kutosha kuwalinda watu milioni 30 hadi 40 kufikia mwisho wa mwaka,"" alisema Dk Dar." "Kwa upande mwingine, hiyo ni dozi nyingi kuwa inapatikana kihalisi ndani ya wiki za ripoti ya kwanza kwamba chanjo hufanya kazi. """ "Kwa hivyo wakati ni ya kukatisha tamaa kwamba hakuna dozi milioni 600 tayari, bado ni ya ajabu sana. ""Ni lini ninaweza kupata chanjo?" Ni vigumu kujua hasa ni lini chanjo zitapatikana kwa umma kwa wingi, Dr. Currier anasema. "Kuna mengi ambayo yanahitaji kuwekwa mahali pake", anasema. "Watu wanafanya kazi kwa bidii ili kufanya hivyo haraka iwezekanavyo, ""Kituo cha Udhibiti na Kuzuia Magonjwa kinasema, ""Watu wazima wote wanapaswa kuweza kupigwa chanjo mnamo 2021.""" Dozi za kwanza zitapewa kipaumbele kwa wafanyikazi wa huduma za afya, wa kwanza kujibu na wale walio katika hatari kubwa ya ugonjwa mbaya, kama vile wakazi wa nyumba za uuguzi. Je, ni lazima nipate chanjo ya COVID-19? "Currier alisema: ""Nafikiri tunapaswa kuwachochea watu kupata chanjo wakati itakapopatikana." Bila shaka. <unk> Chanjo hiyo itagawanywaje? Ugawaji wa chanjo unaendeshwa na Operesheni ya Warp Speed (OWS), ushirikiano wa Idara ya Afya na Huduma za Binadamu, Idara ya Ulinzi na mashirika mengine ya shirikisho na makampuni ya kibinafsi. OWS imekuwa na jukumu la kufadhili majaribio ya chanjo, kuhifadhi dozi za muundo tofauti wa chanjo na kukusanya sindano za kutosha, sindano na vifaa vingine ili kutoa chanjo kwa wingi na kwa ufanisi nchini kote. Kwa usahihi wa kiwango cha kijeshi na walinzi wenye silaha wanaolinda usambazaji wa chanjo, OWS inapanga kutumia huduma za usafirishaji kama vile UPS na FedEx kutoa chanjo zilizoidhinishwa na FDA - chini ya kufungia kina, inapohitajika - na vifaa vya sindano kwa majimbo na maeneo yote ya Amerika. Chanjo ya Pfizer inapaswa kuhifadhiwa kwenye joto la -94 ° F, baridi kuliko freezers za kawaida zinaweza kukaribisha. Mara baada ya kuyeyuka na kuhifadhiwa kwenye friji, ni lazima itumiwe ndani ya siku tano. Mara baada ya vifaa ni kupokea, kila eneo ni wajibu wa kutekeleza rollout yake mwenyewe. California imekuwa ikikusanya mipango yake ya usambazaji tangu Aprili na inaomba mtandao mkubwa wa majimbo ya hospitali na watoa huduma za matibabu kutoa chanjo. OWS itafuatilia maeneo ya mpokeaji na hata wapokeaji wa kibinafsi ili kuhakikisha wote wanapata dozi zinazohitajika, mbili kila moja na chanjo za Pfizer na Moderna. Ni mapema sana kusema kama kipimo kimoja au viwili vitahitajika na chanjo ya AstraZeneca. UCLA Health itakuwa miongoni mwa maeneo ya kupokea ya serikali na tayari ni kuendeleza usambazaji na mipango ya elimu. Ni nani anayeamua ni nani anayepaswa kupatiwa chanjo kwanza? Logistics si wasiwasi tu linapokuja usambazaji. Pia kuna maswali ya maadili kuhusu ni nani anayeweza kupata chanjo na ni lini. "Kuna wasiwasi daima kuhusu usawa, hata ingawa hii itasaidiwa na serikali ya Marekani na itakuwa inapatikana kwa kila mtu", anasema Dk. Daar. "Viking, ambaye ni profesa wa sera za afya na usimamizi katika Chuo cha Afya ya Umma cha UCLA, aliendeleza mfano wa kutambua maeneo ambayo yanaweza kuwa na kipaumbele kwa usambazaji wa chanjo.""" Mfano huo unaonyesha Los Angeles County kwa ujirani kulingana na viashiria vinavyoongeza hatari ya ugonjwa mbaya wa COVID-19: hali za matibabu zilizopo hapo awali, vizuizi vya kupata huduma za afya, wiani wa idadi ya watu na changamoto za kijamii na kiuchumi. Mfano huu, ambao unaweza kutumika kwa kaunti na mamlaka nyingine, unaonyesha kuwa maeneo ya hatari zaidi katika Kaunti ya Los Angeles ni katika Kusini mwa Los Angeles na Mashariki ya San Fernando Valley. Mays anatarajia maafisa wa afya ya umma watumie mfano huu kama chombo cha kutambua ni wapi mgawo wa mapema wa chanjo inaweza kuwa na athari kubwa zaidi ya kuzuia kuenea kwa maambukizo. "Daktari Daar anasema kuwa ""mtazamo mwingine wa maadili ni jinsi ya kushughulikia makundi ya placebo katika majaribio ya chanjo, ambayo yanapaswa kuendelea kwa miaka miwili.""" "Sidhani kama kuna mtu yeyote anayeamini, ikiwa data zote zinakuja kama tunavyotarajia, kwamba utaweza kuweka kikundi cha placebo kwenye placebo kwa miaka miwili wakati kuna chanjo inayopatikana ambayo imeonyeshwa kufanya kazi, ""anasema." <unk>Hawa ni watu ambao walifanya dhabihu kubwa na kuchukua nafasi ya chanjo ya majaribio. "Wajitoleaji wanaoshiriki katika majaribio ya kliniki wakati wa COVID-19 ni mashujaa wa kweli wa janga hili, ""anasema Dk Currier, ""kwa kutusaidia kupata matibabu yenye ufanisi au kuzuia kupitia chanjo." Kuna mambo mengi yasiyojulikana ambayo hayawezi kusemwa kwa uhakika, pamoja na muda gani kinga ya chanjo inadumu na jinsi janga hilo linavyobadilika. Daktari Fauci amesema kurudi kwa hali ya kawaida kabla ya janga hilo hakutaanza mpaka watu wengi wapate chanjo. """Kama chanjo itafika, nitaweza kutupa kinyago changu?" Si kulingana na Dakt. Fauci. "Nafikiri tutakuwa na kiwango fulani cha hatua za afya ya umma pamoja na chanjo kwa kipindi kikubwa cha wakati", alisema katika mahojiano ya hivi karibuni ya New York Times. <unk>Lazima tuhakikishe kwamba idadi kubwa ya watu huchukua chanjo. "Kama watafanya hivyo, tunaweza kuwa karibu na kawaida tunapoingia katika robo ya tatu au ya nne ya mwaka ujao. ""Kwa habari juu ya kujiandikisha katika jaribio la chanjo ya COVID-19 linalofanywa kupitia Taasisi ya Lundquist katika Kituo cha Matibabu cha Harbor-UCLA, bonyeza hapa."