What is Hip Fracture?
The hip joint is a “ball and socket” joint. The “ball” is the head of the femur, or thighbone, and the “socket” is the cup shaped acetabulum. The joint surface is covered by a smooth articular surface that allows pain free movement in the joint.
Hip fracture is a break that occurs near the hip in the upper part of the femur or thighbone. The thighbone has two bony processes on the upper part - the greater and lesser trochanters. The lesser trochanter projects from the base of the femoral neck on the back of the thighbone. Hip fractures can occur either due to a break in the femoral neck, in the area between the greater and lesser trochanter or below the lesser trochanter.
Causes of Hip Fractures
Hip fracture is most frequently caused after minor trauma in elderly patients with weak bones, and by a high-energy trauma or serious injuries in young people. Long term use of certain medicines, such as bisphosphonates to treat osteoporosis (a disease-causing weak bones) and other bone diseases, increases the risk of hip fractures.
Signs and Symptoms of Hip Fractures
The signs and symptoms of hip fracture include:
- Pain in the groin or outer upper thigh
- Swelling and tenderness
- Discomfort while rotating the hip
- Shortening of the injured leg
- Outward or inward turning of the foot and knee of the injured leg
Diagnosis of Hip Fractures
Your doctor may order an X-ray to diagnose your hip fracture. Other imaging tests, such as the magnetic resonance imaging or (MRI), may also be performed to detect the fracture.
Depending on the area of the upper femur involved, hip fractures are classified as:
- Intracapsular fracture
- Intertrochanteric fracture
- Subtrochanteric fracture
Treatments for Hip Fractures
Hip fractures can be corrected and aligned with non-operative and operative methods:
Traction may be an option to treat your condition if you are not fit for surgery. Skeletal traction may be applied under local anesthesia, where screws, pins and wires are inserted into the femur, and a pulley system is set up at the end of the bed to bear heavy weights. These heavy weights help in correcting the misaligned bones until the injury heals.
Hip fractures can be surgically treated with external fixation, intramedullary fixation, or by using plates and screws.
Kuvunjika kwa kiuno ni nini? Kiungo cha kiuno ni kiungo cha "mpira na soketi". "Bola" ni kichwa cha femur, au mfupa wa kiuno, na "socket" ni acetabulum yenye umbo la kikombe. Sehemu ya juu ya viungo ni kufunikwa na uso laini articular kwamba inaruhusu maumivu ya bure harakati katika viungo. Mvunjiko wa kiuno ni mvunjo unaotokea karibu na kiuno katika sehemu ya juu ya femur au mfupa wa kiuno. Mfupa wa kiuno una viungo viwili vya mifupa katika sehemu ya juu - trochanter kubwa na ndogo. Trochanter ndogo hutoka kwenye msingi wa shingo ya femoral nyuma ya mfupa wa paja. Mvunjiko wa kiuno unaweza kutokea kwa sababu ya kuvunjika kwa shingo ya femoral, katika eneo kati ya trochanter kubwa na ndogo au chini ya trochanter ndogo. Upasuaji wa hip ni mara nyingi husababishwa na majeraha madogo katika wagonjwa wazee na mifupa dhaifu, na kwa majeraha ya nishati ya juu au majeraha makubwa katika vijana. Matumizi ya muda mrefu ya dawa fulani, kama vile bisphosphonates kutibu osteoporosis (ugonjwa unaosababisha mifupa dhaifu) na magonjwa mengine ya mifupa, huongeza hatari ya kuvunjika kwa kiuno. Dalili za kuvunjika kwa kiuno: Dalili za kuvunjika kwa kiuno ni pamoja na: maumivu katika kiuno au sehemu ya nje ya kiuno - uvimbe na uchungu - usumbufu wakati wa kugeuza kiuno - kufupisha mguu uliosababishwa na jeraha - kugeuka nje au ndani ya mguu na goti la mguu uliosababishwa na jeraha - Ugonjwa wa kuvunjika kwa kiuno. Uchunguzi mwingine wa picha, kama vile magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), unaweza pia kufanywa ili kugundua kuvunjika. Kulingana na eneo la femur ya juu inayohusika, fractures ya kiuno ni classified kama: - Intra-capsular fractures - Intertrochanteric fractures - Subtrochanteric fractures - matibabu ya fractures ya kiuno - fractures ya kiuno inaweza kurekebishwa na aligned na njia zisizo za upasuaji na upasuaji. Mshtuko wa mifupa unaweza kutumika chini ya anesthesia ya mahali, ambapo vijiti, pini na waya huingizwa ndani ya femur, na mfumo wa pulley umewekwa mwishoni mwa kitanda ili kubeba uzito mzito. Mizigo hiyo mizito husaidia kurekebisha mifupa iliyochanganyika mpaka jeraha lipoe. Mvunjiko wa kiuno waweza kutibiwa kwa upasuaji kwa kuunganisha nje, kuunganisha ndani ya kiungo, au kwa kutumia sahani na vijiti.