This country profile was migrated from the legacy system and the new text is under consideration of the respective government authorities.
Policing overview: An in-depth structural reform created a new police service in 2001, structured at the federal and local level. Although each works independently and has its own distinct spheres of authority, they are complementary and co-operate closely to ensure security and preserve democracy.
1. General information
An in-depth structural reform created a new police service in 2001, re-organized at both the federal and local level. Although each level works independently and has its own distinct spheres of authority, they are complementary and co-operate closely to ensure security and preserve democracy.
The strong points of the national policy are defined in the National Safety Plan, which also includes measures that must be taken into account when the Local Safety Plans are set up. A Federal Safety Council assesses the work and general organization of the police services.
2. Functions and missions
The Federal Police works in co-operation with local police services to enhance domestic security and guarantee democracy. Integrity, impartiality and a sense of responsibility are the pillars of the Federal Police, which is basically charged with the execution of particular missions (including those overlapping more than one locality) of the administrative and judicial police, as well as provision of specialized support to the local police.
3. Structure and organization
Heading the organization is a Commissioner General whose role is to co-ordinate the work of five general directorates. A number of departments report directly to him. These directorates are responsible for communication with the local police, integrated police operations, external communication co-ordination and international co-operation. The directorate for international co-operation ensures the permanent optimisation of the support of the conception and execution of the police policy regarding international police co-operation, by supplying expertise, non-operational information and analyses for the benefit of the authorities and police services. It also contributes to the permanent optimisation of the coordination and integrated action of the police, notably through the control of the international police co-operation by the integrated police and the coordination of the way bilateral co-operation agreements with neighbouring countries, with EU Member States, with candidates and other countries are carried out. The five General Directorates and their missions are as follows:
The Administrative Police, in addition to administrative and managerial matters, is also responsible for supervising general traffic circulation, such as the Traffic Police on the motorways, the Maritime Police on the North Sea and internal waterways, the Railway Police on the railway network, and the Aeronautical Police in the national airport and five regional airports; the latter is also responsible for immigration and border control.
Some officers of this General Directorate also carry out protection duties, such as the protection of the Royal Palaces or escorting cash transports. It co-ordinates Belgian participation in international humanitarian police missions and supports administrative authorities and the local police (e.g. putting mounted police and/or water cannons at their disposal to handle public order problems).
Finally, this Directorate includes a Co-ordination and Support Service (SCA) in each district that facilitate administrative police actions involving several police zones.
The Judicial Police centrally co-ordinates police responses to specific criminal phenomena, such as crimes against persons (e.g. trafficking of human beings, drugs, etc.); against goods (e.g. theft), organized crime, and economic and financial crimes (e.g. corruption). In the latter, it conducts its own enquiries. The Directorate also oversees a number of special support operations, such as phone-tapping, the management of informers, and the scientific and technical police (forensics).
The Directorate has, on the one hand, central directorates and, on the other hand, decentralised judicial departments. Whereas the central directorates are in charge of the development, support, coordination and follow-up of judicial missions, the decentralised services are in charge of carrying out the judicial investigations.
The Operational Support Directorate puts at the disposal of the local and federal police certain specialized, practical instruments (e.g. Special Intervention Units, the Canine Division, the Air Support Division), documentation and facilities needed by field police services to carry out their missions (e.g. data processing, telephone and radio-communication) and enhance the international and operational police co-operation.
The Logistics Directorate manages the equipment of the Federal Police (i.e. buildings, vehicles, armaments, furniture), as well as its financial means. It also provides logistical support to requesting local police services.
The Human Resources Directorate deals with personnel matters, ensuring that every department within the police has appropriate staff at its disposal. The HR Directorate is in charge of recruitment and training, relations with the unions and the management of health and safety issues on the work floor.
4. Education / Training
Based on the principle of “community policing”, training police officers is an important factor in the creation of a police policy respectful of the values of democratic societies. Training permits police officers to develop their careers in a positive way, including the possibility of reaching the upper levels of the police hierarchy. A harmonized educational common denominator facilitates staff flexibility.
The Training Board, which emerged from the reform of the Belgian police services, falls directly under the Federal Police’s Directorate of Human Resources and is charged with initiating, developing, co-ordinating, evaluating and harmonizing the totality of foreseen training programmes at the federal level.
The Training Board represents the interests, resources and national needs with regard to police co-operation insofar as training is concerned. It also co-ordinates authority and chairs the Belgian representation within the governing board of the European Police College (CEPOL). Finally, it pilots cross-border co-operation projects in police training, notably with France.
The Standing Police Monitoring Committee is the organ of external control of all agents having police competencies.
1. Structure and organization
The Belgian Police is composed of 196 local police forces arising from the merger of the former municipal police and the former territorial brigades from the state police (gendarmerie). Fifty police services coincide with the territory of one city or town (single-city-zone) and 146 coincide with more than one city and/or town (multi-city-zones).
Each local police corps is under the leadership of a Chief of Police, responsible for the execution of the local police policy who organizes and delegates tasks in the local police corps under the authority of the mayor. Every one of these local police corps has a Local Safety Council which formulates the Local Safety Plan, executes it, and if necessary, revises it.
The police board is represented by town councilors from the different cities or townships in the police zone, based on the number of inhabitants; each city council has at the least one legal representative.
A Permanent Commission for the Local Police represents all local police services on a national level. On the initiative or demand of authorities, it provides advice on all problems relative to the local police.
2. Staff data
Each police corps consists of an operational cadre of policemen and auxiliary policemen, and an administrative and logistical cadre, composed of civilian personnel.
As of 2006, there were 28,550 local policemen and 862 members of the administrative and logistical cadre working together in the 196 different local police forces. The numerical strength is defined by the police board of multi-city-zones or by the town council for single-city-zones, corresponding to the minimal standards, as provided by law. (Royal Decree 05.09.2001)
The police board is represented by town councilors from different cities or municipalities in the police zone, based on their respective numbers of inhabitants; each city council has at least one legal representative.
Profili hii ya nchi ilihamishwa kutoka kwa mfumo wa urithi na maandishi mapya yanashughulikiwa na mamlaka husika za serikali. Mabadiliko makubwa ya muundo wa polisi yalianzishwa mwaka 2001 na kuunda huduma mpya ya polisi, iliyoundwa katika ngazi ya shirikisho na ya mitaa. Ingawa kila moja inafanya kazi kwa kujitegemea na ina maeneo yake tofauti ya mamlaka, zinajumuisha na kushirikiana kwa karibu ili kuhakikisha usalama na kuhifadhi demokrasia. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Mabadiliko makubwa ya muundo yalianzisha huduma mpya ya polisi mnamo 2001, iliyoandaliwa upya katika ngazi ya shirikisho na ya mitaa. Ingawa kila ngazi inafanya kazi kwa kujitegemea na ina maeneo yake tofauti ya mamlaka, zinajumuisha na kushirikiana kwa karibu ili kuhakikisha usalama na kuhifadhi demokrasia. Sehemu zenye nguvu za sera ya kitaifa zimefafanuliwa katika Mpango wa Usalama wa Kitaifa, ambao pia unajumuisha hatua ambazo lazima zizingatiwe wakati wa kuanzisha Mipango ya Usalama wa Mitaa. Baraza la Usalama la Shirikisho huchunguza kazi na shirika la jumla la huduma za polisi. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Kazi na misheni Polisi ya Shirikisho inafanya kazi kwa ushirikiano na huduma za polisi za mitaa ili kuboresha usalama wa ndani na kuhakikisha demokrasia. Uadilifu, kutokuwa na upendeleo na hisia ya uwajibikaji ni nguzo za Polisi ya Shirikisho, ambayo kimsingi inawajibika kwa utekelezaji wa misheni maalum (ikiwa ni pamoja na wale wanaozidi eneo moja) ya polisi wa kiutawala na mahakama, pamoja na utoaji wa msaada wa kitaalam kwa polisi wa mitaa. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Muundo na shirika Kiongozi wa shirika ni Kamishna Mkuu ambaye jukumu lake ni kuratibu kazi ya miongozo mitano ya jumla. Idadi ya idara huripoti moja kwa moja kwake. Miongozo hii inawajibika kwa mawasiliano na polisi wa ndani, shughuli za polisi zilizounganishwa, uratibu wa mawasiliano ya nje na ushirikiano wa kimataifa. Idara ya ushirikiano wa kimataifa inahakikisha optimization ya kudumu ya msaada wa kubuni na utekelezaji wa sera ya polisi kuhusu ushirikiano wa kimataifa wa polisi, kwa kutoa utaalam, habari zisizo za operesheni na uchambuzi kwa faida ya mamlaka na huduma za polisi. Pia inachangia kuboresha kwa kudumu ya uratibu na hatua ya pamoja ya polisi, hasa kwa njia ya udhibiti wa ushirikiano wa polisi wa kimataifa na polisi wa pamoja na uratibu wa njia ya makubaliano ya ushirikiano wa nchi mbili na nchi jirani, na nchi wanachama wa EU, na nchi za wagombea. Polisi ya Usimamizi, pamoja na masuala ya kiutawala na usimamizi, pia ni wajibu wa usimamizi wa jumla wa trafiki, kama vile Polisi ya Trafiki kwenye barabara kuu, Polisi ya Bahari ya Bahari ya Kaskazini na njia za maji za ndani, Polisi ya Reli kwenye mtandao wa reli, na Polisi ya Anga katika uwanja wa ndege wa kitaifa na viwanja vya ndege vya mkoa. Baadhi ya maafisa wa Idara hii ya Mkuu pia hufanya majukumu ya ulinzi, kama vile ulinzi wa Majumba ya Kifalme au kuandamana na usafirishaji wa fedha. Inalingana na ushiriki wa Ubelgiji katika misheni ya kimataifa ya polisi ya kibinadamu na inasaidia mamlaka za kiutawala na polisi wa ndani (kwa mfano. Kuchukua hatua za usalama na kutumia polisi wapanda farasi na bunduki za maji ili kukabiliana na matatizo ya usalama wa umma. Kwa upande mwingine, idara hiyo ina idara ya uendeshaji na usimamizi katika kila wilaya, ambayo inasaidia shughuli za polisi za kiutawala zinazohusisha maeneo kadhaa ya polisi. Polisi ya Mahakama inaratibu kwa njia ya kati majibu ya polisi kwa matukio maalum ya uhalifu, kama vile uhalifu dhidi ya watu (kwa mfano. Uuzaji wa binadamu, dawa za kulevya, na kadhalika. ); dhidi ya bidhaa (kwa mfano Uhalifu wa kimwili, uhalifu wa kikanda, uhalifu wa kiuchumi na kifedha, na uhalifu wa kibiashara. ufisadi). Katika mwisho, inafanya uchunguzi wake mwenyewe. Idara hiyo pia inasimamia idadi ya shughuli maalum za msaada, kama vile kusikiliza simu, usimamizi wa waandishi wa habari, na polisi wa kisayansi na kiufundi (forensics). Idara ina, kwa upande mmoja, miongozo ya kati na, kwa upande mwingine, idara za mahakama zisizo na mamlaka. Wakati idara kuu zinawajibika kwa maendeleo, msaada, uratibu na ufuatiliaji wa ujumbe wa mahakama, huduma za kitengo zinawajibika kwa kufanya uchunguzi wa mahakama. Usimamizi wa Msaada wa Uendeshaji huweka kwa ajili ya polisi wa mitaa na wa shirikisho baadhi ya vyombo maalum, vitendo (kwa mfano. Idara ya Polisi ya Maendeleo (SID) na Idara ya Polisi ya Maendeleo (DIA) ni vikosi vya polisi wa eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo la eneo. Utaratibu wa mawasiliano ya simu na redio (data processing, telephone and radio-communication) na kuimarisha ushirikiano wa kimataifa na wa kikosi cha polisi. Idara ya Logistics inasimamia vifaa vya Polisi ya Shirikisho (yaani. majengo, magari, silaha, fanicha), kama vile njia zake za kifedha. Pia hutoa msaada wa vifaa kwa kuomba huduma za polisi wa mitaa. Idara ya Rasilimali za Binadamu inashughulikia masuala ya wafanyakazi, kuhakikisha kwamba kila idara ndani ya polisi ina wafanyakazi sahihi katika matumizi yake. Idara ya HR inawajibika kwa kuajiri na mafunzo, mahusiano na vyama vya wafanyakazi na usimamizi wa masuala ya afya na usalama kwenye sakafu ya kazi. 4. Uwe na uhakika "Kutokana na kanuni ya ""polisi ya jamii,"" mafunzo ya maafisa wa polisi ni jambo muhimu katika kuunda sera ya polisi kuheshimu maadili ya jamii ya kidemokrasia." Mafunzo huruhusu maafisa wa polisi kuendeleza kazi zao kwa njia chanya, ikiwa ni pamoja na uwezekano wa kufikia ngazi za juu za uongozi wa polisi. Harmonized elimu kawaida denominator kuwezesha wafanyakazi kubadilika. Bodi ya Mafunzo, ambayo ilitokana na mageuzi ya huduma za polisi za Ubelgiji, iko chini ya Usimamizi wa Rasilimali za Binadamu wa Polisi ya Shirikisho na inashtakiwa kuanzisha, kuendeleza, kuratibu, kutathmini na kuunganisha jumla ya mipango ya mafunzo iliyopangwa katika ngazi ya shirikisho. Bodi ya Mafunzo inawakilisha maslahi, rasilimali na mahitaji ya kitaifa kuhusiana na ushirikiano wa polisi kwa kadiri inahusu mafunzo. Pia inaratibu mamlaka na inaongoza uwakilishi wa Ubelgiji ndani ya bodi ya usimamizi wa Chuo cha Polisi cha Ulaya (CEPOL). Hatimaye, inaongoza miradi ya ushirikiano wa mpakani katika mafunzo ya polisi, hasa na Ufaransa. Kamati ya Kudumu ya Ufuatiliaji wa Polisi ni chombo cha udhibiti wa nje wa mawakala wote wenye uwezo wa polisi. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Polisi ya Ubelgiji ina 196 polisi wa mitaa, ambayo ni mchanganyiko wa zamani polisi wa manispaa na zamani brigades wilaya kutoka polisi wa serikali (gendarmerie). Idadi ya polisi wanaofanya kazi katika eneo la mji mmoja au mji mmoja (mji mmoja) na zaidi ya 146 wanafanya kazi katika maeneo ya miji miwili au zaidi (miji mingi). Kila kikosi cha polisi cha mitaa kina kiongozi wa polisi, anayehusika na utekelezaji wa sera za polisi wa mitaa, ambaye huandaa na kugawa kazi katika kikosi cha polisi cha mitaa chini ya mamlaka ya meya. Kila moja ya vikosi hivi vya polisi vya mitaa ina Halmashauri ya Usalama ya Mitaa ambayo huunda Mpango wa Usalama wa Mitaa, hutekeleza, na ikiwa ni lazima, huubadilisha. Bodi ya polisi inawakilishwa na washauri wa mji kutoka miji tofauti au townships katika eneo la polisi, kulingana na idadi ya wakazi; kila baraza la mji lina angalau mwakilishi mmoja wa kisheria. Tume ya kudumu kwa ajili ya Polisi wa Mitaa inawakilisha huduma zote za polisi wa mitaa katika ngazi ya kitaifa. Kwa mpango au mahitaji ya mamlaka, inatoa ushauri juu ya matatizo yote kuhusiana na polisi wa mitaa. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Kila kikosi cha polisi kina wafanyakazi wa polisi na polisi wa kusaidia, na wafanyakazi wa kiutawala na vifaa, waliojengwa na wafanyakazi wa kiraia. Tangu mwaka 2006, kulikuwa na polisi 28,550 wa mitaa na wanachama 862 wa idara ya utawala na vifaa waliofanya kazi pamoja katika vikosi 196 tofauti vya polisi wa mitaa. Nguvu ya idadi ni maalum na bodi ya polisi ya multi-mji-maeneo au na halmashauri ya mji kwa ajili ya moja-mji-maeneo, sambamba na viwango vya chini, kama ilivyoelezwa na sheria. (Kifungu cha Polisi cha Royal Decree 05.09.2001) Bodi ya Polisi inawakilishwa na washauri wa mji kutoka miji tofauti au manispaa katika eneo la polisi, kulingana na idadi yao ya wakazi; kila baraza la mji lina angalau mwakilishi mmoja wa kisheria.