Data from: Saami reindeer herders cooperate with social group members and genetic kin
Cite this dataset
Thomas, Matthew G.; Næss, Marius Warg; Bårdsen, Bård-Jørgen; Mace, Ruth (2016). Data from: Saami reindeer herders cooperate with social group members and genetic kin [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s3v63
Cooperative behaviors evolve by ultimately increasing the inclusive fitness of performers as well as recipients of those behaviors. Such increases can occur via direct or indirect fitness benefits, theoretically explained by reciprocal altruism and kin selection, respectively. However, humans are known for cooperating with individuals who are not necessarily genetic relatives, which seemingly precludes kin selection as an explanation. Here, we aim to quantify the relative importance of kinship and social group membership as mediators of cooperative behavior. Using an experimental gift game, we test whether indigenous Saami reindeer herders in Norway give gifts to genetic relatives or to members of their cooperative herding group (the “siida”) or both. Membership of the same siida strongly increased the odds of gift giving. Kinship had a smaller, albeit positive, effect. Gifts were not preferentially given to younger family members, contrary to predictions relating to intergenerational resource transfers as a form of parental investment. These patterns suggest that social grouping can be at least as important as genetic factors in mediating cooperative behavior in this population. This is likely to reflect the importance of herding groups in day-to-day subsistence.
"Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Kutunza Samaki na Wanyama"" ya Majeshi ya Samaki, kuna idadi kubwa ya watu wanaotumia samaki kama wanyama wa jamii ya Samaki, na idadi kubwa ya watu wanaotumia samaki kama wanyama wa jamii ya Samaki." Takwimu kutoka: Wasamiji wa reindeer wachungaji kushirikiana na wanachama wa kundi la kijamii na jamaa ya maumbile [Dataset]. Dryad. "Mfano: ""Dryad"" (Dryad, 2010) - ""Mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo wa ushirikiano"" - ""mtazamo""" Ongezeko kama hilo linaweza kutokea kupitia faida za usawa wa moja kwa moja au zisizo za moja kwa moja, za kinadharia kuelezwa na altruism ya pande zote na uteuzi wa jamaa, kwa mtiririko huo. Hata hivyo, wanadamu wanajulikana kwa kushirikiana na watu ambao si lazima wawe jamaa wa maumbile, jambo ambalo linaonekana kuzuia uteuzi wa jamaa kama ufafanuzi. Hapa, tunakusudia kuhesabu umuhimu wa jamaa na uanachama wa kikundi cha kijamii kama wapatanishi wa tabia ya ushirikiano. Kutumia mchezo wa zawadi ya majaribio, tunapima ikiwa wafugaji wa samani wa asili wa Saami nchini Norway hutoa zawadi kwa jamaa za maumbile au kwa wanachama wa kikundi chao cha ufugaji wa ushirikiano (<unk>siida<unk>) au zote mbili. Uanachama wa siida hiyohiyo uliongeza sana uwezekano wa kutoa zawadi. Uhusiano wa ukoo ulikuwa na athari ndogo, ingawa ilikuwa nzuri. Zawadi hazikupewa kwa upendeleo kwa washiriki wachanga wa familia, kinyume na utabiri unaohusiana na uhamisho wa rasilimali kati ya vizazi kama aina ya uwekezaji wa wazazi. Mifumo hii inaonyesha kwamba makundi ya kijamii yanaweza kuwa angalau muhimu kama sababu za maumbile katika kuingilia tabia ya ushirikiano katika idadi hii. Hii ni uwezekano wa kuonyesha umuhimu wa makundi ya kuchunga mifugo katika maisha ya kila siku.