The use of artificial intelligence in the EU will be regulated by the AI Act, the world’s first comprehensive AI law.
As part of its digital strategy, the EU wants to regulate artificial intelligence (AI) to ensure better conditions for the development and use of this innovative technology. AI can create many benefits, such as better healthcare; safer and cleaner transport; more efficient manufacturing; and cheaper and more sustainable energy.
In April 2021, the European Commission proposed the first EU regulatory framework for AI. It says that AI systems that can be used in different applications are analysed and classified according to the risk they pose to users. The different risk levels will mean more or less regulation. Once approved, these will be the world’s first rules on AI.
Parliament’s priority is to make sure that AI systems used in the EU are safe, transparent, traceable, non-discriminatory and environmentally friendly. AI systems should be overseen by people, rather than by automation, to prevent harmful outcomes. Parliament also wants to establish a technology-neutral, uniform definition for AI that could be applied to future AI systems.
The new rules establish obligations for providers and users depending on the level of risk from artificial intelligence. While many AI systems pose minimal risk, they need to be assessed.
Unacceptable risk AI systems are systems considered a threat to people and will be banned. They include:
Some exceptions may be allowed: For instance, “post” remote biometric identification systems where identification occurs after a significant delay will be allowed to prosecute serious crimes but only after court approval.
AI systems that negatively affect safety or fundamental rights will be considered high risk and will be divided into two categories:
1) AI systems that are used in products falling under the EU’s product safety legislation. This includes toys, aviation, cars, medical devices and lifts.
2) AI systems falling into eight specific areas that will have to be registered in an EU database:
All high-risk AI systems will be assessed before being put on the market and also throughout their lifecycle.
Generative AI, like ChatGPT, would have to comply with transparency requirements:
Limited risk AI systems should comply with minimal transparency requirements that would allow users to make informed decisions. After interacting with the applications, the user can then decide whether they want to continue using it. Users should be made aware when they are interacting with AI. This includes AI systems that generate or manipulate image, audio or video content, for example deepfakes.
On 14 June 2023, MEPs adopted Parliaments negotiating position on the AI Act. The talks will now begin with EU countries in the Council on the final form of the law. The aim is to reach an agreement by the end of this year.
Kwa mujibu wa sheria ya EU, matumizi ya akili bandia katika EU itasimamiwa na Sheria ya AI, sheria ya kwanza ya ulimwengu ya AI. Kama sehemu ya mkakati wake wa dijiti, EU inataka kudhibiti akili bandia (AI) ili kuhakikisha hali bora kwa maendeleo na matumizi ya teknolojia hii ya ubunifu. AI inaweza kuunda faida nyingi, kama vile huduma bora ya afya, usafiri salama na safi, utengenezaji mzuri zaidi, na nishati ya bei nafuu na endelevu. Mnamo Aprili 2021, Tume ya Ulaya ilipendekeza mfumo wa kwanza wa udhibiti wa EU kwa AI. Mifumo ya AI ambayo inaweza kutumika katika matumizi tofauti huchunguzwa na kuorodheshwa kulingana na hatari wanayoiweka kwa watumiaji. Viwango tofauti vya hatari vitamaanisha udhibiti zaidi au chini. Mara baada ya kupitishwa, hizi zitakuwa sheria za kwanza duniani juu ya AI. """Upendeleo wa Bunge ni kuhakikisha kuwa mifumo ya AI inayotumika katika EU ni salama, uwazi, traceable, isiyo ya ubaguzi na mazingira ya kirafiki." Mifumo ya AI inapaswa kusimamiwa na watu, badala ya kwa automatisering, kuzuia matokeo mabaya. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Ufafanuzi wa teknolojia ya AI, usio na upande wowote, unaoweza kutumika kwa mifumo ya AI ya baadaye.""" Kanuni mpya kuanzisha wajibu kwa watoa na watumiaji kulingana na kiwango cha hatari kutoka akili bandia. Ingawa mifumo mingi ya AI ni hatari kidogo, inahitaji kutathminiwa. Mifumo ya AI ya hatari isiyoweza kukubaliwa ni mifumo inayochukuliwa kuwa tishio kwa watu na itapigwa marufuku. Kwa mfano, post mbali biometric utambulisho mifumo ambapo utambulisho hutokea baada ya kuchelewa sana itakuwa kuruhusiwa kushtaki uhalifu mkubwa lakini tu baada ya idhini ya mahakama. "Mifumo ya AI ambayo inaathiri vibaya usalama au haki za msingi itachukuliwa kuwa hatari kubwa na itagawanywa katika makundi mawili: 1) Mifumo ya AI inayotumika katika bidhaa zinazohusika na sheria ya EU ya usalama wa bidhaa.""" Hii ni pamoja na toys, anga, magari, vifaa vya matibabu na lifti. Mifumo ya AI ya aina hii ya 8 itahesabiwa katika hifadhidata ya EU kabla ya kuingizwa kwenye soko na katika mzunguko wao wote wa maisha. "Kama ilivyo kwa ""Generative AI,"" ChatGPT inapaswa kufuata mahitaji ya uwazi: Mifumo ya AI yenye hatari ndogo inapaswa kufuata mahitaji ya kiwango cha chini cha uwazi ambayo itawawezesha watumiaji kufanya maamuzi ya habari." Baada ya kuingiliana na maombi, mtumiaji anaweza kisha kuamua kama wanataka kuendelea kutumia. Watumiaji wanapaswa kufanywa kuwa na ufahamu wakati wao ni kuingiliana na AI. Hii inajumuisha mifumo ya AI ambayo hutengeneza au kudhibiti picha, sauti au yaliyomo kwenye video, kwa mfano deepfakes. Mnamo Juni 14, MEPs walichukua msimamo wa mazungumzo ya Bunge juu ya Sheria ya AI. Mazungumzo ya sasa yataanza na nchi za EU katika Baraza juu ya fomu ya mwisho ya sheria. Lengo ni kufikia makubaliano kufikia mwisho wa mwaka huu.