Calcium oxide, CaO, is an ionic compound that has one cation with a positive valency and one anion with a negative valency. The bond between the two ions is ionic, and it is based on the positive ions attracting the negative ions.
The melting point of cao is 2572 degrees Celsius. It is commonly used in the basic oxygen steelmaking process and as a component of glass. It is also used in the production of various chemicals and a variety of cements.
In glass making, it is used in the production of a variety of glasses, especially plate and sheet glass and containers. It is also used to produce ceramic glazes that are hard and have a high fire resistance.
It is produced by the thermal decomposition of materials containing calcium carbonates (CaCO3; mineral calcite) in a rotary kiln. The chemical reaction is held at elevated temperatures to ensure that the temperature remains below the melting point. The product of this reaction is called burnt lime.
Several other chemical applications of CaO are in the paper industry and the petroleum industry. Water detection pastes used in fuel storage tanks contain a mix of CaO and phenolphthalein to detect the presence of water. The phenolphthalein reacts with the CaO to form calcium hydroxide, which is an indicator of water.
The chemistry of calcium oxide is a complex and intricate one, and there are many theoretical researches on the molecule, its crystal structures, physical properties, and structural phase transitions. These include first-principles calculations and classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulations based on interatomic potentials.
Oxide ya kalsiamu, CaO, ni kiwanja cha ioni ambacho kina cation moja na valence chanya na anion moja na valence hasi. Kiungo kati ya ioni hizo mbili ni ionic, na kinategemea ioni chanya kuvutia ioni hasi. Kiwango cha kuyeyuka cha Cao ni 2572 ° C. Ni kawaida kutumika katika msingi oksijeni chuma mchakato wa utengenezaji na kama sehemu ya kioo. Pia hutumiwa kutengeneza kemikali mbalimbali na saruji mbalimbali. Katika utengenezaji wa glasi, hutumiwa katika uzalishaji wa glasi mbalimbali, hasa glasi ya sahani na karatasi na vyombo. Pia hutumiwa kutengeneza vitambaa vya kauri ambavyo ni vigumu na vina uwezo mkubwa wa kukabiliana na moto. Ni zinazozalishwa na thermal uharibifu wa vifaa vyenye calcium carbonates (CaCO3) katika tanuru rotary. Mmenyuko wa kemikali hufanywa kwa joto la juu ili kuhakikisha kwamba joto linabaki chini ya kiwango cha kuyeyuka. Tokeo la mmenyuko huo huitwa chokaa kilichowaka. Matumizi mengine kadhaa ya kemikali ya CaO ni katika sekta ya karatasi na sekta ya mafuta. Pasta za kugundua maji zinazotumiwa katika matangi ya kuhifadhi mafuta zina mchanganyiko wa CaO na phenolphthalein kugundua uwepo wa maji. Phenolphthalein inachanganya na CaO kuunda calcium hydroxide, ambayo ni kiashiria cha maji. Kemia ya kalsiamu oksidi ni ngumu na ngumu, na kuna utafiti mwingi wa nadharia juu ya molekuli, muundo wake wa kioo, mali za kimwili, na mabadiliko ya awamu ya muundo. Hii ni pamoja na hesabu ya kanuni ya kwanza na simulation ya classic molecular dynamics (CMD) kulingana na uwezo wa interatomic.