In order to make conscious design choices, we need to consider the relationship between architectural artefact and context. It is important to evaluate some elements such as the climate, the natural phenomena affecting the intervention area, the geomorphology of the site, the altitude, the passage of the sun, the behavior of the aeriform masses, the possible presence of vegetation and mirrors of water. In fact, through the exploitation of renewable resources, we contribute to energy saving and respect for the environment.
The first source of vital importance is constituted by the sun that acts in a different way according to the geographical position, the course of the land and the presence of obstacles in the place of intervention. The solar contribution varies according to the inclination of the solar rays that act directly (from the sun), indirect (diffused in the atmosphere) or reflected (from other surfaces) on the earth's surface, with a greater intensity during the summer. The sun therefore provides useful energy for heating the building and its natural lighting. The second factor that affects the thermal comfort of an artifact is the wind. Through thermal convection, the external air flow removes heat from the building, contributing to its passive cooling. Moreover, this natural phenomenon improves the quality of the air.
Masses of water and vegetation are another essential natural element. The first, by evaporating, remove heat from the surrounding environment, cooling it. However, it is important that there is proper ventilation in the presence of water mirrors, in order to avoid the formation of humidity that would not benefit from thermal comfort. The vegetation covers various functions: shading, barrier to excessive wind and noise, improvement of the local microclimate and maintenance of the plant species. All these resources act on the individually built environment and their interaction improves the performance potential of the building, guaranteeing the consequent psycho-physical wellbeing of the individual.
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Ili kufanya uchaguzi wa kubuni wenye ufahamu, tunahitaji kuzingatia uhusiano kati ya kiumbe cha usanifu na muktadha. Ni muhimu kutathmini baadhi ya mambo kama vile hali ya hewa, matukio ya asili kuathiri eneo la uingiliaji, geomorphology ya eneo, urefu, kupita kwa jua, tabia ya aeriform misa, uwezekano wa uwepo wa mimea na vioo maji. Kwa kweli, kupitia utumiaji wa rasilimali zinazoweza kurejeshwa, tunachangia kuokoa nishati na kuheshimu mazingira. Chanzo cha kwanza cha umuhimu muhimu ni jua, ambayo hufanya kazi kwa njia tofauti kulingana na nafasi ya kijiografia, mwendo wa ardhi na uwepo wa vikwazo katika eneo la uingiliaji. Mchango wa jua hutofautiana kulingana na mwelekeo wa miale ya jua ambayo hufanya kazi moja kwa moja (kutoka jua), moja kwa moja (kuenea katika anga) au kutafakari (kutoka kwa nyuso nyingine) juu ya uso wa dunia, na nguvu zaidi wakati wa majira ya joto. Kwa hiyo jua hutoa nishati yenye manufaa kwa ajili ya kupasha jengo hilo joto na kuangaza kwa njia ya asili. Jambo la pili linaloathiri hali ya joto ya kitu cha kale ni upepo. Kupitia convection joto, mtiririko wa hewa ya nje huondoa joto kutoka jengo, kuchangia baridi yake passively. Isitoshe, jambo hilo la asili huboresha hali ya hewa. Maji na mimea ni sehemu nyingine muhimu ya asili. Ya kwanza, kwa kuvumilia, huondoa joto kutoka kwa mazingira yanayozunguka, na kuifuta. Hata hivyo, ni muhimu kwamba kuna uingizaji hewa sahihi katika uwepo wa vioo vya maji, ili kuepuka malezi ya unyevu ambao haungepata faida ya faraja ya joto. Mimea inashughulikia kazi mbalimbali: shading, kizuizi kwa upepo wa kupita kiasi na kelele, kuboresha microclimate ya ndani na matengenezo ya spishi za mimea. Rasilimali hizi zote hufanya kazi kwenye mazingira ya kujengwa na mwingiliano wao unaboresha uwezo wa utendaji wa jengo, kuhakikisha ustawi wa kisaikolojia na kimwili wa mtu binafsi. Kurasa katika sehemu hii