Uterine Diseases | Conditions that Affect the Uterus, Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis
Table of Contents
Are you familiar with the term pelvic organ prolapse or uterine prolapse? It is a condition when the uterus droops into the vagina due to various bodily stresses. There are various uterine diseases that are often less talked about though they affect a significant number of women worldwide. This article talks about the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for the most common uterine conditions.
Uterine fibroids are growths of uterine tissues and muscles that typically develop in women during their reproductive age. These fibroids can vary in size, ranging from minute growths to heavy, bulky masses. Women may also develop multiple uterine fibroids.
The exact cause of uterine fibroid is not yet known. However, clinical research suggests genetics play a role in fibroid growth. Fibroids can also develop due to factors like:
- Hormones: Estrogen and progesterone might cause the growth of fibroids by stimulating the growth of the uterine lining during each menstrual cycle. The fibroids shrink in size after menopause as the level of these hormones drops.
- Insulin-like growth factors can also affect fibrous growth.
Uterine fibroids are often asymptomatic. If they are symptomatic, these are common signs and symptoms you will notice:
- Heavy menstrual bleeding
- Menstrual periods lasting longer than a week
- Pelvic pressure or pain
- Frequent urination
- Difficulty emptying the bladder
- Backache or leg pains
There are multiple treatment approaches for uterine fibroids.
- Medications like Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, Tranexamic acid, Progestin-releasing intrauterine devices, etc. help treat symptoms like heavy menstrual bleeding and pelvic pressure and shrink the fibroids.
- Doctors often use minimally-invasive surgical procedures like Uterine artery embolization, Radiofrequency ablation, Laparoscopic myomectomy, Hysteroscopic myomectomy, and Endometrial ablation.
- A non-invasive, MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery can also be performed to remove the fibroids.
- For larger uterine fibroids, morcellation is used to break down the tissues into smaller pieces before performing a myomectomy.
Endometriosis is a painful uterine disorder that is characterized by the growth of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus) outside the uterus. The condition typically involves the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis.
Medical science has not yet been able to find out the exact cause of endometriosis. Possible explanations are:
- Retrograde menstruation
- Cell transformation
- Surgical scar implantation
- Immune system disorder
The common signs and symptoms of Endometriosis are:
- Painful periods
- Pain during intercourse
- Painful urination and bowel movement
- Excessive menstrual bleeding
People may also experience fatigue, diarrhea, constipation, bloating, or nausea.
Pain medications like NSAIDs can help relieve painful menstrual clamps. Endometriosis can also be managed using hormone therapy like:
- Hormonal contraceptives
- Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist
- Progestin therapy
- Aromatase inhibitor
- Endometriosis can impede your chances of conceiving. Your doctor might surgically remove the endometrial implant while protecting the uterus and ovaries or advise fertility therapy.
Adenomyosis of the Uterus
Adenomyosis is a condition that occurs when the endometrial tissues (tissues lining the uterus) grow into the muscular wall of the uterus. Though displaced, these tissues thicken, break down, and bleed during each menstrual cycle as they usually do.
The exact cause of uterine adenomyosis is not yet known. However, possible theories includes invasive tissue growth, uterine inflammation due to childbirth, and invasion of bone marrow stem cells can cause adenomyosis.
Adenomyosis often shows no signs or symptoms. However, some cases of adenomyosis can show symptoms like:
- Heavy and prolonged menstruation
- Cramps and pain during menstruation
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Painful intercourse
Adenomyosis can be treated with anti-inflammatory drugs and hormone therapy in mild-to-moderate cases. In advanced cases of adenomyosis, your doctor might suggest a hysterectomy.
Inflammation or irritation of the cervix (the end of the uterus that opens into the vagina) is called cervicitis.
Cervicitis can occur due to various reasons, such as:
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STI) such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and genital herpes.
- Allergic reactions to contraceptive spermicides, feminine deodorants, latex, etc
- Bacterial Vaginosis: the overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina.
Usually, cervicitis is asymptomatic. Women with symptomatic cervicitis can experience:
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Frequent or painful urination
- Painful sexual intercourse
- Vaginal bleeding
- If cervicitis is caused due to hypersensitive reaction to spermicide or feminine hygiene products, you simply need to discontinue the use of the products. The symptoms will disappear within a few hours or days.
- If the conditions occur due to STI, you and your partner would need antibiotic treatment.
Cervical Ectropion happened when glandular cells (cells inside the cervix) that are red and sensitive grows on the outside of the cervix. This condition is common during adolescents, pregnancy, and ovulation.
Cervical ectropion is a non-cancerous condition. Research suggests women can be born with this condition or develop it later on in their lives when higher levels of estrogen is present. Adolescents and pregnant women have more estrogen, thus these groups are more likely to develop this condition.
Cervical ectropion does not typically manifest any signs and symptoms. Usually, people come to know about the condition when their healthcare providers perform routine pelvic exams or Pap smears. Rarely, cervical ectropion might show signs and symptoms like:
- Vaginal discharge containing blood or mucus.
- Pain and bleeding during sexual intercourse
- Pain and bleeding during pelvic exam
- Spotting between menstrual periods
- Pain in the pelvic region
Most people do not require any treatment for cervical ectropion. In case of severe symptoms, your healthcare providers might prescribe you boric acid supplements. Some people may need more intensive procedures like Diathermy and Cryotherapy.
Cervical polyps are finger or bulb-like growth on the cervical canal.
Doctors suspects that cervical polyps can occur due to:
- Cervical infections
- Chronic inflammation
- Abnormal response to estrogen
- Clogged blood vessels in the cervix
Typically, cervical polyps do not show any symptoms. However, in cases of symptomatic cervical polyps, you can experience:
- Heavy menstrual periods
- Bleeding after sexual intercourse
- Bleeding after menopause
- Bleeding between periods
- Vaginal discharge
Take pain relive medications like Tylenol or Advil to relieve symptoms like menstrual cramps. It The safest option is to remove the polyp and sending it to a lab or testing to make sure it is not cancerous.
Malignant tumor growth of cervical tissues is called cervical cancer. They can be of two types: Squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.
Most cervical cancer is caused due to exposure to various strains of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Other factors like genetics, environmental, and lifestyle factors also play roles in the development of cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer does not show any symptoms at its initial stages. In more advanced stages, cervical cancer might show signs and symptoms like:
- Vaginal bleeding after intercourse, between periods, or after menopause.
- Watery, bloody vaginal discharge with a foul odor.
- Pelvic pain
- Pain during intercourse.
Radiation therapy and chemotherapy help treat cervical cancer. Immunotherapy helps strengthen the immune system of the body to fight cancer. In addition, palliative therapy helps provide relief from pain and discomfort. In more advanced cases, surgical procedures like trachelectomy (removal of the cervix) and hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) are performed.
There are many uterine diseases, and it can be pretty overwhelming especially when people find it difficult to talk about them. This article has been created to help you become aware of the causes, symptoms, and treatment options available for different uterine diseases.
Supervising Doctor of This Article
Koichi Nagao, MD PhD
Professor, Department of Urology, Toho University Faculty of Medicine
Director of Urinary tract reconstruction center, Toho University Omori Medical Center
Director of Reproduction Center, Toho University Omori Medical Center
Professor Nagao specializes in plastic surgery in the field of reproductive medicine. He completed eight years of plastic surgery training at Showa University before majoring in urology at Toho University. With his meticulous surgical techniques and careful examinations that combines urology and plastic surgery, Professor Nagao became a Board Certified Specialist with multiple associations including the Japanese Urological Association, the Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine, and the Japanese Society for Sexual Medicine.
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Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi, sababu, dalili, na utambuzi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi - Ugonjwa wa uterasi Ni hali ambapo tumbo la uzazi huanguka ndani ya tumbo la uzazi kwa sababu ya mkazo mbalimbali wa mwili. Kuna magonjwa kadhaa ya tumbo la uzazi ambayo mara nyingi hayazungumzwi sana ingawa yanaathiri idadi kubwa ya wanawake ulimwenguni. Makala hii inazungumzia visababishi, dalili, na njia za kutibu magonjwa ya tumbo la uzazi yanayojulikana sana. Uterine fibroids ni ukuaji wa tishu za uterine na misuli ambayo kwa kawaida huendelea kwa wanawake wakati wa umri wao wa kuzaa. Fibroids hizi zaweza kutofautiana kwa ukubwa, kuanzia ukuzi mdogo hadi mizigo mizito, mikubwa. Wanawake wanaweza pia kuwa na uvimbe mwingi wa tumbo la uzazi. Sababu halisi ya fibroid ya tumbo la uzazi haijulikani bado. Hata hivyo, utafiti wa kitiba unaonyesha kwamba chembe za urithi huchangia ukuzi wa uvimbe. Fibroids pia inaweza kuendeleza kutokana na mambo kama vile: - Hormones: Estrogen na progesterone inaweza kusababisha ukuaji wa fibroids kwa kuchochea ukuaji wa uterine lining wakati wa kila mzunguko wa hedhi. Fibroids hupungua ukubwa baada ya kukoma kwa hedhi kadiri kiwango cha homoni hizo kinavyopungua. - Insulin-kama ukuaji sababu pia inaweza kuathiri fibrous ukuaji. Mara nyingi uvimbe wa tumbo la uzazi hauna dalili. Madhara ya uterasi: Madhara ya uterasi ya kawaida ni kutokwa na damu kwa muda mrefu, na kwa muda mrefu zaidi ya wiki moja, na maumivu ya uterasi, na maumivu ya uterasi, na maumivu ya mgongo, na maumivu ya mgongo. - Dawa kama vile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, Tranexamic asidi, Progestin-releasing intrauterine vifaa, nk. Pia inaweza kusaidia kutibu dalili kama vile kutokwa na damu nyingi wakati wa hedhi na shinikizo la pelvic na kupunguza fibroids. - Madaktari mara nyingi hutumia taratibu za upasuaji zisizo na uvamizi kama vile uterine artery embolization, Radiofrequency ablation, Laparoscopic myomectomy, Hysteroscopic myomectomy, na Endometrial ablation. - Upasuaji usio wa uvamizi, unaoongozwa na MRI wa ultrasound unaweza pia kufanywa ili kuondoa fibroids. - Kwa fibroids kubwa ya tumbo la uzazi, morcellation hutumiwa kuvunja tishu katika vipande vidogo kabla ya kufanya myomectomy. Endometriosis ni ugonjwa wa uterine ambao unaonekana kwa kuongezeka kwa endometrium (mchanga wa uterasi) nje ya uterasi. Kwa kawaida ugonjwa huo huhusisha ovari, mirija ya utumbo, na tishu zinazofunika uti wa mgongo. Sayansi ya kitiba bado haijaweza kujua kisababishi halisi cha endometriosis. Ugonjwa wa endometriosis una dalili za kawaida kama vile maumivu ya tumbo la uzazi, maumivu ya mkojo na maumivu ya mkojo, na maumivu ya damu ya kawaida. Dawa za kupunguza maumivu kama vile NSAID zinaweza kusaidia kupunguza maumivu ya msimu wa hedhi. Endometriosis inaweza pia kusimamiwa kwa kutumia tiba ya homoni kama vile: - Vipuli vya kuzuia mimba vya homoni - Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist na antagonist - Tiba ya Progestin - Aromatase inhibitor - Endometriosis inaweza kuzuia nafasi yako ya mimba. Daktari wako anaweza kuondoa implanti ya endometrial kwa upasuaji wakati wa kulinda tumbo la uzazi na ovari au kushauri matibabu ya uzazi. Adenomyosis ni hali ya uterasi ambayo hutokea wakati tishu za endometrial (tissues lined uterasi) kukua katika ukuta wa misuli ya uterasi. Ingawa huondolewa mahali pake, tishu hizo huongezeka uzito, huvunjika, na kutokwa na damu wakati wa kila mzunguko wa hedhi kama vile zinavyofanya kwa kawaida. Sababu halisi ya adenomyosis ya tumbo la uzazi haijulikani bado. Hata hivyo, nadharia zinazowezekana ni pamoja na ukuaji wa tishu invasive, uvimbe uterine kutokana na kuzaa, na uvamizi wa seli za shina la uti wa mgongo inaweza kusababisha adenomyosis. Mara nyingi adenomyosis haionyeshi dalili zozote. Hata hivyo, baadhi ya kesi za adenomyosis inaweza kuonyesha dalili kama vile: - Mzunguko mzito na mrefu - Cramps na maumivu wakati wa hedhi - Chronic pelvic maumivu - maumivu ya ngono Adenomyosis inaweza kutibiwa na dawa za kupambana na uvimbe na tiba ya homoni katika kesi laini hadi wastani. Katika visa vya hali ya juu vya adenomyosis, daktari wako aweza kupendekeza upasuaji wa kuondoa tumbo la uzazi. Uvimbe au kuchochewa kwa shingo ya tumbo la uzazi (mwisho wa tumbo la uzazi unaofunguka kwenye tumbo la uzazi) huitwa uvimbe wa tumbo la uzazi. Ugonjwa wa utumbo wa uzazi unaweza kutokea kwa sababu mbalimbali, kama vile: - Magonjwa yanayopitishwa kwa njia ya ngono (STI) kama vile gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, na herpes ya viungo vya uzazi. - Madhara ya mzio kwa dawa za kuzuia mimba, deodorants za wanawake, latex, nk - Vaginosis ya bakteria: ukuaji wa kupita kiasi wa bakteria fulani katika mkojo. Kwa kawaida, uvimbe wa shingo ya uzazi hauonyeshi dalili. Wanawake walio na uvimbe wa utando wa tumbo wanaweza kupata: - Kutoka kwa tumbo lisilo la kawaida - Ulaji wa mara kwa mara au wenye uchungu - Mahusiano ya ngono yenye uchungu - Kutoka kwa damu ya utando - Ikiwa uvimbe wa utando wa tumbo unasababishwa na athari ya unyeti kwa dawa za kuua shahawa au bidhaa za usafi wa wanawake, unahitaji kuacha kutumia bidhaa. Dalili hizo zitatoweka baada ya saa chache au siku chache. - Ikiwa hali hizo hutokea kwa sababu ya STI, wewe na mwenzi wako mtahitaji matibabu ya viuavijasumu. Ectropion ya uterasi hutokea wakati chembe za glandular (chembe ndani ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi) ambazo ni nyekundu na nyeti hukua nje ya shingo ya uterasi. Hali hii ni ya kawaida wakati wa ujana, ujauzito, na ovulation. Ectropion ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi ni hali isiyo ya kansa. Utafiti unaonyesha kwamba wanawake wanaweza kuzaliwa na hali hii au kuisitawisha baadaye katika maisha yao wakati viwango vya juu vya estrogen zinapokuwepo. Vijana na wanawake wajawazito wana estrojeni nyingi zaidi, kwa hiyo vikundi hivyo vina uwezekano mkubwa zaidi wa kupatwa na ugonjwa huo. Ectropion ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi kwa kawaida haionyeshi dalili zozote. Kwa kawaida, watu hujua kuhusu hali hiyo wakati wauguzi wao wanapofanya uchunguzi wa kawaida wa utumbo au uchunguzi wa Pap. Mara chache, ectropion ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi inaweza kuonyesha ishara na dalili kama vile: - Kutoka kwa mkojo na damu au umajimaji. - maumivu na kutokwa na damu wakati wa ngono - maumivu na kutokwa na damu wakati wa uchunguzi wa pelvic - spotting kati ya vipindi vya hedhi - maumivu katika eneo la pelvic Watu wengi hawahitaji matibabu yoyote kwa ectropion ya shingo ya tumbo. Ikiwa dalili ni kali, madaktari wako wanaweza kukupa dawa ya kuongeza asidi ya boriki. Watu fulani huenda wakahitaji matibabu makali zaidi kama vile Diathermy na Cryotherapy. Polyps za shingo ya tumbo ni ukuaji wa kidole au kama balbu kwenye mfereji wa shingo ya tumbo. Ugonjwa wa uterasi wa uterasi unaweza kutokea kutokana na: - Maambukizo ya uterasi - Uvimbe wa muda mrefu - Jibu lisilo la kawaida kwa estrogen - Mifupa ya damu iliyofungwa katika uterasi - Kwa kawaida, uterasi wa uterasi hauonyeshi dalili yoyote. Kwa mfano, ikiwa polyps ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi ni ya kawaida, unaweza kupata maumivu ya tumbo la uzazi, maumivu ya tumbo la uzazi, maumivu ya tumbo la uzazi, maumivu ya tumbo la uzazi, maumivu ya tumbo la uzazi, maumivu ya tumbo la uzazi, maumivu ya tumbo la uzazi. Njia salama zaidi ni kuondoa polyp na kuipeleka kwa maabara ili kuhakikisha si kansa. Ukuzi wa uvimbe mbaya wa tishu za shingo ya tumbo huitwa kansa ya shingo ya tumbo. Inaweza kuwa ya aina mbili: saratani ya chembe za squamous na adenocarcinoma. Ugonjwa wa saratani ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi unatokana na kuambukizwa na aina mbalimbali za virusi vya HPV. Vitu vingine kama vile chembe za urithi, mazingira, na mtindo wa maisha pia huchangia maendeleo ya kansa ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi. Saratani ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi haionyeshi dalili zozote katika hatua zake za mwanzo. Katika hatua za juu zaidi, kansa ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi inaweza kuonyesha ishara na dalili kama vile: - Kutokwa na damu ya mkojo baada ya mahusiano ya kingono, kati ya vipindi, au baada ya menopause. - Maji, damu ya mkojo na harufu mbaya. - Maumivu ya pelvic - Maumivu wakati wa ngono. Tiba ya mnururisho na kemotherapy husaidia kutibu kansa ya shingo ya tumbo la uzazi. Immunotherapy husaidia kuimarisha mfumo wa kinga wa mwili kupambana na kansa. Kwa kuongezea, tiba ya kupunguza maumivu husaidia kupunguza maumivu na usumbufu. Katika visa vya hali ya juu zaidi, upasuaji kama vile trachelectomy (kuondoa shingo ya tumbo la uzazi) na hysterectomy (kuondoa tumbo la uzazi) hufanywa. Kuna magonjwa mengi ya uterasi, na inaweza kuwa ngumu sana hasa wakati watu wanapata shida kuzungumza juu yao. Makala hii imekusudiwa kukusaidia kujua sababu, dalili, na njia za matibabu zinazopatikana kwa magonjwa mbalimbali ya tumbo la uzazi. Koichi Nagao, Mkurugenzi Mkurugenzi wa Kituo cha Ujenzi wa Mifupa ya Mkojo, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho, Chuo Kikuu cha Toho. Alimaliza miaka minane ya mafunzo ya upasuaji wa plastiki katika Chuo Kikuu cha Showa kabla ya kuhitimu katika urolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Toho. Kwa kutumia mbinu zake za upasuaji na uchunguzi wa kina, Profesa Nagao amekuwa Mtaalamu wa Bodi ya Upasuaji na mashirika mengi, ikiwa ni pamoja na Chama cha Upasuaji wa Upasuaji wa Kijapani, Chama cha Kijapani cha Tiba ya Uzazi, na Chama cha Kijapani cha Tiba ya Jinsia. Vifaa vilivyopendekezwa FemiCushion Kit de lujo estándar Kit de lujo Femicushion EasyOpen Equipo de FemiCushion Lite