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Feb. 21. Windy with various clouds in different stations. 22. Rough gales from the South, with rain and hail-showers, and some flashes of lightning, with thunder. Clouds in two strata; evening Cirrostratus and Halo Lunaris. 24. Snow, which fell in the night, melted to-day, and caused a flood in the marshes of the river Lea; clear by night. 25. This day we might truly say-nigerrimus Auster
Nascitur, et pluvio contristal frigore cœlum;
The marshes still flooded. 26. Hazy morning; fair day, with various clouds; and clear night. 27. White frost, rainy day, and fair night. 28. Fair hazy still day, Cumulostratus, &c. 29. Various clouds and fair; dark cloudy night. March 1. Petroid and mountainous Cumulostratus, &c. wind rose at night. 2. A few very slight showers of snow and hail. 3. Hoar frost, then small rain, and very dark night. 4. Misty morning; some small rain in the day; fair intervals by night. 5. Fair, various clouds, distances clear, and a stiff breeze. 6 and 7. Pretty fair. S. Showers. 9. Clear morning; showers at night. 10. Fair. 11. Much cloud. 12. Dark and rainy by night. 13. Clear morning; hail, rain, and wind, P. M. 14 Showery afternoon. 15. Fair, and hail showers. 16 to 18. Cold N. E. wind and generally overcast. 19. A Corona Lunaris, overcast. 20. Rain, snow, and sleet; 'warmer in the evening. LUMINOUS METEORS.
In my last I mentioned the propriety of an artificial division of those luminous accensions called Falling Stars into three kinds; the little stellar meteors, the brilliant meteors, and the caudate meteors: these names are certainly very defective in point of description, but they may serve for meteorologists, in their journals, to point out the peculiar kind of meteor which they wish to record, till a more scientific nomenclature shall be invented. The stellar meleors have much the appearance of the real stars; they abound in clear frosty nights in winter, and in dry weather with easterly winds; they leave no train of light behind them. The brilliant meteors are generally larger and brighter, and happen in warm summer evenings, particularly when Cirrocumuli, and thunder clouds abound. The caudate meteors are phenomena which appear to result from some peculiarity in the atmosphere through which they pass; the long white phosphoric trains of light which they leave behind them, seem to arise from the burning of some gass (hydrogen perhaps) lighted by the meteor in its passage through the air. They generally take place in the intervals of stormy weather, and before the occurrence of high wind, of which Virgil has considered them as a prognostic in the following very descriptive verses:
"Sæpe etiam stellas, vento impendente, videbis
Clapton March 03 1919
Georg. lib. 1.
1812.] Topographical Description of Ivinghoe, Bucks.
VINGHOE, or Ivingo, co. Bucks, seven miles South East from Dunstable, near the Chiltern Hills, is a vicarage in the hundred of Cotslow and Deanery of Muresley, in the presentation of the Bridgewater family; rated in the King's books at 127. 16s. Id. and is a discharged living, of the clear yearly value of 361. 16s. 6åd.
The old Roman road, called the Ikenild Way, which runs through the kingdom from Portsmouth to Tynmouth Haven, passes very near this place, but is impassable in winter or very wet weather for carriages. Iving hoe is seated low, but dry, on a rock of ragstone, an uninclosed open track of land extending from Dunstable to Tring. The air is pure, blowing continually fresh from the Downs. The town has evidently been of much larger extent than at present. On removing some earth lately by the plough, a scull and bones were dug up on a place called Windmill Hill; and some have been found in cellars in all parts of the town when digging.
Henry of Bloys, in France, or Henry de Blois, bishop of Winchester, made this, among others, his place of residence, as we find on record. He built a seat here called Berrystead House, which has leng been converted into a farm-house; and all that remains is an old kitchen with a two-tunnel fire-place, the tunnels built lozenge ways. It being the manor-house, the court leet and baron is held in a large room in it, twice a year. It is situated in the South East corner of the church-yard, and is now the property of the Earl of Bridgewater, lord of the manor.
The above De Blois had the grant of a Market on Thursdays for this town in 1318. The present market, if it may be so called, is held on Saturday, for butchers' meat and straw plat, with two or three stalls. The Market-house is not much superior to a large tiled cow-crib! The first fair, on St. Margaret's, was granted in 1227; and another, on the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, by the - charter of 1318. The present fairs are held on May the 6th and October 17th for cattle, and several good drapers, shoes, clothes, and other -stails.
It had originally a gaol, and cri-
minals were executed at a place called Gallows Knot.-A large roundhouse, which stood in the middle of the town, was pulled down about 20 years ago, with a cage and stocks beneath, in consequence of a fire in the town, and has not since been erected.
The Church (see Pl. 1.) is an antient Gothic structure, of the cruciform plan, standing, originally, in the centre of the houses. It is a lofty building, but small. At a distance it looks like a small cathedral, the shell being a fine piece of good-proportioned architecture, as observed by Browne Willis when he visited it. The side ailes are not so long as they are high, being nearly the height of the nave. It consists of a nave, two side ailes, North and South aile, and chancel, with a strong square embattled tower in the intersection of nave, North and South ailes, chance!, &c. surmounted with a moderate spire covered with lead; a handsome lofty porch at the West end, having an embattled parapet crowned with the arms of Edward, France and England quar tered on a plain shield, with crown and supporters, two lions apparently, placed in the front, carved in stone, as also a cross over it. Above this porch is the large West window, containing four lights, with lofty mullions and ramified head,over which is a niche for the Virgin, &c. and above that another stone cross, neatly wrought, and porch North and South. The nave has a series of five windows of three lights each. The whole pile has an embattled parapet, except the side ailes, which are plain, most of them leaded for preservation, as is the roof entirely, buttresses, projections, &c. The tower rises two stories above the wave, of good proportion, with a small square tower at the North West corner, called by the inhabitants the Buskel Tower, having had a bushel measure placed on it, containing a fruit tree. On the spire is a gilt, ball and weathercock. The tower story on the East side has two lancet windows, and several circular oues are stopped up. There are four eutrances to the church, North, West, and South porches, and small door in the channel. The whole is built with flint and stone grouted; and free stone internal and external angles, windows, frames, and door-cases, ali rough cast.
In the time of king Ed Confessor, Leofstane Abb Alban's gave this manor knights,Turnoth, Waldof,an but in the time of William th ror, Ralph deThony,Toden Toni, his standard-bearer tle of Hastings, held it, a from Domesday Book: Hund. Ralf de Todeny hold stede for two hides of land den states it to have been the father of Ralf. It was place of his residence. H the daughter of Simon de and dying left a son Ralf, ried the daughter of the Ea tington and Northumberland Roger was his heir, and m daughter of the Earl of Ralf was disinherited by k for assisting the Barons, yet favour again, and was res Henry III. Robert, his su the sixth generation, 27 I obtained a charter of that a market on Thursdays, a on the eve, day, and mor the feast of St. Leonard, and following. The present fair is kept eleven days before; ket has been long disused. manor, as Robert died 3 E without issue, Alice his siste of Thomas Ley born, was fo and married toGuy de Beauch of Warwick, whose heir famous Guy, who died near Edward III. His heirs enjoy long time; but male issue fai Anne daughter of the duke wick dying young, his sist inherited, who was married to Nevil Earl of Salisbury, who her the title of Earl of Warwi Richard dying at Barnet fiel Edward IV. the estate fell to th His Countess, 3 Henry VII. I it again, after the death of he ters. Henry VIII. grante George Ferrars and his hei whom it came to Sir John and Knighton Ferrars of whose daughter, Katharine,
and Lady Fanshawe sold it to Edward Pecke; from him scended to William his son, ford in Essex, who left a son and he disposed of it to Mr. whose second son is the pres of the manor.
"Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""From February 21st, 2020.""" Upepo na mawingu mbalimbali katika vituo tofauti. 22. - (Methali 22:22) Ni nini? Kimbunga kutoka Kusini, na mvua na mvua ya mawe, na baadhi ya flashes ya umeme, na ngurumo. Mawingu katika tabaka mbili; jioni Cirrostratus na Halo Lunaris. 24. - (Methali 24:24) Ni nini? "Uwevu uliokuwa umeshuka usiku, uliyeyuka leo, na kusababisha mafuriko katika mabwawa ya Mto Lea; wazi usiku.""" 25. - (Methali 25:28) Ni nini? Siku hii tunaweza kweli kusema-nigerrimus Auster Nascitur, et pluvio contristal frigore cœlum; mabwawa bado mafuriko. 26 - Ni nini? Asubuhi yenye ukungu; siku nzuri, yenye mawingu mbalimbali; na usiku wenye nuru. 27. (a) Kwa nini? Baridi nyeupe, siku ya mvua, na usiku mzuri. 28. (a) Kwa nini? "Mwanamke wa kwanza wa ""Fairy Haze"" alikuwa Cumulus Stratus, ambaye aliishi miaka ya 29." Mawingu mbalimbali na haki; giza usiku wenye mawingu. Machi 1. Petroid na milima Cumulostratus, & c. upepo aliongezeka usiku. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Mvua chache sana za theluji na mvua ya mawe. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Baridi kali, kisha mvua ndogo, na usiku mweusi sana. 4. Uwe na uhakika Asubuhi yenye ukungu; mvua kidogo mchana; vipindi vizuri usiku. 5. Uwe na mtazamo mzuri. Uangavu, mawingu mbalimbali, umbali wazi, na upepo mkali. 6 na 7. Ni sawa kabisa. S. Mvua. 9. (a) Kwa nini? Asubuhi ni safi; kuna mvua nyingi usiku. Kumi. Ni haki. 11. (a) Kwa nini? Mawingu mengi. 12. (a) Kwa nini? Ni giza na mvua wakati wa usiku. 13. (a) Kwa nini? Asubuhi ya wazi; mvua ya mawe, mvua, na upepo, P. M. 14 Showery alasiri. 15. (a) Kwa nini? Mwanga mzuri, na mvua ya mawe. 16 hadi 18. Upepo baridi wa kaskazini-magharibi na kwa ujumla wenye mawingu. 19. (a) Kwa nini? Corona Lunaris, yenye mawingu mengi. 20. (a) Kwa nini? Mvua, theluji, na mvua ya mawe;'joto katika jioni. METEORI ZINYANG'ANI. "Katika makala yangu ya mwisho nilitaja uhalali wa kugawanywa kwa bandia kwa miale hiyo ya mwangaza inayoitwa ""Nyota zinazoshuka"" katika aina tatu: nyota ndogo za meteor, nyota zenye mwangaza, na nyota zenye mkia: majina haya ni ya kasoro sana katika ufafanuzi, lakini yanaweza kutumika kwa wataalamu wa hali ya hewa katika majarida yao kuashiria aina ya meteor wanaotaka kurekodi, hadi jina la kisayansi zaidi litakapobuniwa." Melior za nyota zina sura kama nyota halisi; zina wingi katika usiku wa baridi kali wakati wa majira ya baridi kali, na katika hali ya hewa kavu na upepo wa mashariki; haziachi mstari wowote wa mwanga nyuma yao. Meteoro hizo zenye kung'aa kwa kawaida ni kubwa na zenye kung'aa zaidi, na hutokea katika jioni za majira ya joto, hasa wakati wa Cirrocumuli, na mawingu ya ngurumo yanapokuwa mengi. Meteorite za mkia ni matukio ambayo yanaonekana kuwa matokeo ya baadhi ya tabia katika anga ambayo hupita; treni ndefu nyeupe za phosphoric za mwanga ambazo huacha nyuma yao, zinaonekana kutokea kutokana na kuchoma kwa gesi fulani (hapa labda hidrojeni) iliyoangazwa na meteor katika njia yake kupitia hewa. "Hii ni kwa sababu ya hali ya hewa ya hewa ya hewa ya hewa, ambayo Virgil alielezea kama ""Sæpe etiam stella, vento impendente, videbis clapton, 3 Machi 1919.""" lib. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli 1812] Maelezo ya Topographic ya Ivinghoe, Bucks. Vingroup, au Ivigo, Co. Bucks, maili saba kusini mashariki ya Dunstable, karibu na Milima ya Chiltern, ni vicarage katika mia ya Cotswold na Deanery ya Mursley, katika uwasilishaji wa familia Bridgewater; Rated katika vitabu vya Mfalme katika 127. 16s. Id. Ni pamoja na kuondoa gharama za maisha, na kuondoa gharama za maisha kwa mwaka wa 361. 16s. 6åd. Barabara ya kale ya Waroma, iitwayo Ikenild Way, ambayo hupita katika ufalme kutoka Portsmouth hadi Tynemouth Haven, hupita karibu sana na mahali hapa, lakini haiwezi kupita wakati wa baridi kali au wakati wa mvua kubwa kwa magari ya kukokotwa. Iving hoe ni ameketi chini, lakini kavu, juu ya mwamba wa ragstone, unenclosed wazi kufuatilia ya ardhi kupanua kutoka Dunstable kwa Tring. Hewa ni safi, ikivuma kwa ukawaida kutoka Downs. Yaonekana mji huo ulikuwa mkubwa zaidi kuliko ulivyo sasa. Baada ya kuondoa udongo kwa mashimo, fuvu la kichwa na mifupa ilichimbuliwa katika eneo linaloitwa Windmill Hill, na baadhi ya mifupa hiyo ilipatikana katika vyumba vya chini ya ardhi katika sehemu zote za mji huo. Henry wa Blois, askofu wa Winchester, aliishi huko. Yeye alijenga kiti hapa aitwaye Berrystead House, ambayo imekuwa leng kubadilishwa katika shamba-nyumba, na wote ambayo inabaki ni jikoni ya zamani na mbili-tunnel moto-chumba, mifereji kujengwa njia lozenge. Ni kuwa manor-nyumba, mahakama leet na baron ni uliofanyika katika chumba kikubwa ndani yake, mara mbili kwa mwaka. Ni iko katika kona ya Kusini Mashariki ya kanisa-yadi, na sasa ni mali ya Earl wa Bridgewater, bwana wa manor. De Blois alikuwa na mpango wa soko la Alhamisi katika mji huu mwaka wa 1318. Soko la sasa, kama inaweza kuitwa hivyo, ni uliofanyika Jumamosi, kwa ajili ya nyama butchers 'na nyasi sahani, na mbili au tatu stalls. Market-nyumba si bora sana kwa kubwa tiled ng'ombe-kibanda! Mkutano wa kwanza, uliofanyika katika St. Margaret, ulifanyika mwaka wa 1227 na mwingine, uliofanyika katika Assumption of the Blessed Virgin, ulifanyika mwaka wa 1318. Maonyesho ya sasa hufanyika Mei 6 na Oktoba 17 kwa ajili ya ng'ombe, na drapers kadhaa nzuri, viatu, nguo, na stails nyingine. Mwanzoni ilikuwa na gereza, na wahalifu waliuawa katika mahali paitwapo Gallows Knot, nyumba kubwa iliyokuwa katikati ya mji ilibomolewa miaka ishirini iliyopita, na ngome na hisa chini yake, kwa sababu ya moto katika mji, na tangu wakati huo haijajengwa. Kanisa (tazama Pl. 1.) ni muundo wa kale wa Gothic, wa mpango wa msalaba, umesimama, awali, katikati ya nyumba. Ni jengo refu, lakini dogo. Kwa mbali inaonekana kama kanisa kuu dogo, na kwa kuwa kifuniko chake ni kipande kizuri cha usanifu-ujenzi wenye usawa, kama Browne Willis alivyoona alipokitembelea. Vipande vya upande si virefu sana bali ni vya juu, karibu na urefu wa jengo la juu. Ina nae, nailes mbili upande, kaskazini na kusini ailes, na chancel, na nguvu mraba battled mnara katika makutano ya nails, kaskazini na kusini ailes, nafasi, na c. topped na spire wastani kufunikwa na risasi; nzuri na ya juu porch katika mwisho wa magharibi, kuwa na parapet battled taji na silaha ya Edward, Ufaransa na Uingereza, quartered juu ya ngao ya kawaida, na taji na wafuasi, simba wawili inaonekana, kuwekwa mbele, kuchongwa katika jiwe. Juu ya ukumbi huu ni dirisha kubwa Magharibi, yenye taa nne, na mullions juu na kichwa branched, juu ambayo ni niche kwa ajili ya Bikira, na juu ya kwamba msalaba mwingine jiwe, neatly forged, na ukumbi Kaskazini na Kusini. Jengo hilo lina madirisha matano yenye taa tatu kila moja. "Mkubwa wa mnara huo, ""Bush Meadow,"" ni mnara wa mraba katika kona ya kaskazini magharibi, inayoitwa na wakazi ""Bush Meadow,"" na ina bush measure, ambayo ina mti wa matunda." Kwenye mnara huo kuna dhahabu, mpira, na kijiti cha hali ya hewa. hadithi mnara upande wa Mashariki ina madirisha mawili lancet, na oues kadhaa mviringo ni imefungwa juu. Kuna eutrances nne kwa kanisa, Kaskazini, Magharibi, na Kusini porches, na mlango mdogo katika mfereji. Yote ni kujengwa na flint na jiwe grouted; na huru jiwe pembe ya ndani na ya nje, madirisha, fremu, na mlango-kesi, ali rough kutupwa. Wakati wa mfalme Ed Confessor, Leofstine Abb Alban alitoa hii Manor Knights, Turneth, Waldof, lakini wakati wa William Thor, Ralph de Thony, Todden Tony, mwendeshaji wake wa bendera, Tyle ya Hastings, alishikilia, a kutoka Domesday Book: Hund. Ralf de Todeny kushikilia stede kwa ajili ya ngozi mbili za ardhi den inasema kuwa alikuwa baba ya Ralf. Huko ndiko alikoishi. "Mwanamke wa Simon de' Argyll, ambaye alikuwa anakufa, alimwua mwana wake Ralf, binti ya Eoin, na Roger wa Northumberland, ambaye alikuwa mrithi wake, na binti ya Earl wa Ralf, ambaye alikuwa mrithi wa Henry III, kwa sababu ya kusaidia Baroni, lakini alipata upendeleo tena. """ "Robert, wa kizazi cha sita, alipata hati ya kufanya soko siku ya Alhamisi, siku ya jioni, siku ya asubuhi na siku ya sikukuu ya Mtakatifu Leonard.""" Maonyesho ya sasa hufanywa siku kumi na moja kabla ya hapo; ket imekuwa ikitumiwa kwa muda mrefu. Alipokuwa anaishi katika nyumba ya mfalme, Alice, dada yake ya Thomas Leigh, alizaliwa na Guy de Beauch wa Warwick, ambaye mrithi wake maarufu Guy, alikufa karibu na Edward III. "Mwanamke wa kwanza wa mfalme alikuwa ""Fai Anne,"" binti ya Duke William, ambaye alikufa akiwa mchanga, na dada yake, Neville, ambaye aliolewa na Earl wa Salisbury, ambaye alipewa jina la Earl wa Warwickshire, Richard, ambaye alikufa huko Barnet, Edward IV." Mji huo ulipewa na Countess Henry wa Tatu. Mimi tena, baada ya kifo cha he ters. Henry wa Nane. George Ferrars na mkewe, Sir John na Knight Ferrars, binti yake, Katharine, na Lady Fanshawe, walinunua nyumba hiyo kwa Edward Peck, na kutoka kwake William, mwanawe, Ford, Essex, aliacha mtoto wa kiume, na akaiweka kwa Bwana, ambaye mwanawe wa pili ni rais wa nyumba hiyo.