all towns are one, all men our kin.
|Trans State Nation
Self Determination: principle & the law
Declaration on the Granting of Independence
Adopted by the UN General Assembly
The General Assembly,
Mindful of the determination proclaimed by the peoples of the world in the Charter of the United Nations to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person, in the equal rights of men and women and of nations large and small and to promote social progress and better standards of life in larger freedom,
Conscious of the need for the creation of conditions of stability and well-being and peaceful and friendly relations based on respect for the principles of equal rights and self-determination of all peoples, and of universal respect for, and observance of, human rights and fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language or religion,
Recognizing the passionate yearning for freedom in all dependent peoples and the decisive role of such peoples in the attainment of their independence,
Aware of the increasing conflicts resulting from the denial of or impediments in the way of the freedom of such peoples, which constitute a serious threat to world peace,
Considering the important role of the United Nations in assisting the movement for independence in Trust and Non- Self- Governing Territories,
Recognizing that the peoples of the world ardently desire the end of colonialism in all its manifestations,
Convinced that the continued existence of colonialism prevents the development of international economic co-operation, impedes the social, cultural and economic development of dependent peoples and militates against the United Nations ideal of universal peace,
Affirming that peoples may, for their own ends, freely dispose of their natural wealth and resources without prejudice to any obligations arising out of international economic co-operation, based upon the principle of mutual benefit, and international law,
Believing that the process of liberation is irresistible and irreversible and that, in order to avoid serious crises, an end must be put to colonialism and all practices of segregation and discrimination associated therewith,
Welcoming the emergence in recent years of a large number of dependent territories into freedom and independence, and recognizing the increasingly powerful trends towards freedom in such territories which have not yet attained independence,
Convinced that all peoples have an inalienable right to complete freedom, the exercise of their sovereignty and the integrity of their national territory,
Solemnly proclaims the necessity of bringing to a speedy and unconditional end colonialism in all its forms and manifestations;
And to this end Declares that:
1. The subjection of peoples to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a denial of fundamental human rights, is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations and is an impediment to the promotion of world peace and co-operation.
2. All peoples have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.
3. Inadequacy of political, economic, social or educational preparedness should never serve as a pretext for delaying independence.
4. All armed action or repressive measures of all kinds directed against dependent peoples shall cease in order to enable them to exercise peacefully and freely their right to complete independence, and the integrity of their national territory shall be respected.
5. Immediate steps shall be taken, in Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the peoples of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom.
6. Any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
7. All States shall observe faithfully and strictly the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the present Declaration on the basis of equality, non-interference in the internal affairs of all States, and respect for the sovereign rights of all peoples and their territorial integrity.
Miji yote ni moja, watu wote ni jamaa zetu. "Mkutano Mkuu wa Umoja wa Mataifa, unaoadhimisha ""Uhakika wa Haki za Binadamu, Haki za Watu na Haki za Watu, na Haki za Watu na Haki za Watu, unaoheshimu azimio la watu wa ulimwengu wote wa kudumisha imani katika haki za msingi za binadamu, katika heshima na thamani ya mtu, katika haki sawa za wanaume na wanawake na mataifa makubwa na madogo, na kukuza maendeleo ya kijamii na viwango bora vya maisha katika uhuru mkubwa, unafahamu umuhimu wa kuunda hali ya utulivu na ustawi na mahusiano ya amani na urafiki kulingana na kanuni za haki sawa na uhuru wa watu wote, bila kujali rangi, jinsia, lugha au dini." """Kuweka watu chini ya utawala, udhibiti na unyonyaji wa kigeni ni kukataa haki za msingi za binadamu, ni kinyume na Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa na ni kizuizi kwa kukuza amani na ushirikiano wa ulimwengu." 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Watu wote wana haki ya kujitawala; kwa sababu ya haki hiyo, wanaamua kwa uhuru hali yao ya kisiasa na kwa uhuru kufuata maendeleo yao ya kiuchumi, kijamii na kitamaduni. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli """Ukosefu wa maandalizi ya kisiasa, kiuchumi, kijamii au elimu haipaswi kamwe kutumika kama kisingizio cha kuchelewesha uhuru." 4. Uwe na uhakika "Hatua zote za kijeshi au hatua za kukandamiza za kila aina zinazolenga watu walio chini ya utawala wa serikali lazima ziachiliwe ili kuwawezesha kutekeleza kwa amani na kwa uhuru haki yao ya uhuru kamili, na uadilifu wa eneo lao la kitaifa lazima uheshimiwe. """ 5. Uwe na mtazamo mzuri. """Mara moja hatua zitapigwa katika maeneo ya matumaini na maeneo yasiyo ya kujitawala yenyewe au maeneo mengine yote ambayo bado hayajajipatia uhuru, ili kuhamisha mamlaka yote kwa watu wa maeneo hayo, bila masharti yoyote au uhifadhi, kulingana na mapenzi na matakwa yao yaliyoonyeshwa kwa uhuru, bila tofauti yoyote ya jamii, imani au rangi, ili kuwawezesha kufurahia uhuru kamili na uhuru.""" 6. Uwe na uhakika """Jitihada yoyote ya kuvuruga kabisa au kwa sehemu umoja wa kitaifa na uadilifu wa eneo la nchi ni kinyume na malengo na kanuni za Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa." 7. Uwe na mtazamo gani? "Serikali zote zitazishika kwa uaminifu na kwa ukaribu masharti ya Mkataba wa Umoja wa Mataifa, Azimio la Ulimwengu la Haki za Binadamu na Azimio hili kwa msingi wa usawa, kutoingilia mambo ya ndani ya mataifa yote, na kuheshimu haki za uhuru wa watu wote na uadilifu wao wa kikanda."""