A disaster loss is actually a casualty loss that occurs in a geographic area that the President of the United States declares eligible for Federal disaster assistance. Disaster losses are also eligible for special tax benefits, which are discussed in this brochure.
Note: Tax reform no longer allows a federal deduction for personal casualty losses other than in disaster areas. Some states continue to allow non-disaster area casualty loss deductions.
What is a Casualty Loss?
A casualty loss occurs when there is property damage from a sudden, unanticipated event. Some examples of qualifying events are: hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, storms, fire and volcanic eruptions.
Why Are Disaster Losses Different?
Taxpayers within a federally declared disaster area may elect to claim their loss:
- In the year it occurs, or
- On the preceding year’s return.
A taxpayer in a federally declared disaster area can claim a casualty loss either on their return for the year of the loss or on their return for the previous year. If the previous year’s return has already been filed, as is generally the case, it can be amended by filing a Form 1040X. In contrast, someone who suffered an individual casualty (a car accident, a house fire caused by a cooking mishap, etc.) who is eligible to claim a casualty loss may only do so on the return for the year that the casualty occurred.
The return on which to claim a disaster loss deduction depends upon a number of factors and should be carefully analyzed to determine which year is the most beneficial for the taxpayer.
Values the Loss is Based Upo
- The tax brackets for each year – Each year should be carefully examined as to which will provide the greatest overall tax advantage without wasting other tax benefits.
- The need for immediate cash – The primary purpose of the special rules allowing the casualty loss to be claimed on the prior year’s return is to provide a taxpayer access to a tax refund without the need to wait – often many months - to file their return for the year of the loss.
- Self-employment tax – Self-employed taxpayers will also need to consider whether to take a business casualty loss that affects inventory in the current or prior year since the loss can offset self-employment tax as well as income taxes.
- Whether the loss will be used up – If the casualty loss is not fully used up in the year it is first deducted, it can create what is called a net operating loss (NOL). For losses claimed on a 2018 or later year return, the NOL is carried forward as a deduction on the next and future years until used up. If the loss is claimed on the 2017 or an earlier year return, the NOL is first taken back to the second prior year return; any excess carries forward. NOLs occurring in 2018 and subsequent years can only offset 80% of a subsequent year’s taxable income.
Generally, for each item lost in the casualty the deductible loss is the lesser of:
- The cost or adjusted basis(1) or
- The decrease in fair market value(2) (FMV)
Once the loss is determined for each individual item, then those amounts are added together to determine the total loss for the casualty event.
For real property
, the loss is figured on the whole property (buildings, plants, trees, etc.), not item-by-item.
(1) Generally, the measure of a taxpayer’s basis in a property is its cost. When property is inherited, received as a gift, or acquired in a nontaxable exchange, the basis will be determined in some other manner. Certain events can take place after acquiring the property that can increase or decrease the basis; thus the term “adjusted basis”. Examples would be improvements to the property, depreciation and casualty loss deductions.
(2) Fair market value (FMV) is the price that a willing seller would accept from a willing buyer when the seller does not need to sell nor must the buyer purchase and both are aware of all the relevant facts.Business or Personal Casualty
Those that are business casualty losses are fully deductible without limitations. Personal casualty losses, on the other hand, are first reduced:
- by $100 for each event, and
- then the total of all events for the year is reduced by 10%of the taxpayer’s annual income (Adjusted Gross Income).
In addition, for personal casualty losses, deductions must be itemized in order to take advantage of the loss. Example:
Claiming a Personal Loss – The taxpayer’s principal residence was damaged in a flood in a federally declared disaster area. The damage amounted to $12,000 and the taxpayer had no flood insurance. His AGI for the year was $57,000. His casualty loss for the year is determined as follows:
|10% of AGI
Since the loss occurred in a federally declared disaster, the taxpayer can elect to take the casualty in the prior tax year.Figuuring a Loss
To determine the deduction for a casualty or theft loss, figure out the loss first. Amount of loss:
Figure the amount of the loss using the following steps.
Gain From Reimbursement
- Determine the adjusted basis in the property before the casualty or theft.
- Determine the decrease in fair market value (FMV) of the property as a result of the casualty or theft.
- Subtract any insurance proceeds or other reimbursement received (or expected to be received) from the smaller of the amounts determined in (1) and (2). If the property is covered by insurance, the taxpayer must file a timely insurance claim for reimbursement of the loss. Otherwise, a casualty or theft loss deduction cannot be claimed for that property. However, the part of the loss usually not covered by insurance (for example, a deductible) is not subject to this rule.
It is possible to incur a gain from a casualty event. If a taxpayer’s reimbursement is more than the adjusted basis in the property, there is a gain. This is true even if the decrease in the FMV of the property is smaller than the adjusted basis. If there is a gain, taxes may have to be paid on it, or reporting the gain may be postponed (as discussed later). If the gain is from a taxpayer’s primary residence and the taxpayer has owned and used the residence as the main home for 2 out of the prior 5 years, the taxpayer can exclude $250,000 ($500,000 on a joint return) of gain. Example:
Assume an individual purchased his home for $50,000 fifteen years ago and the home is destroyed by a hurricane. The insurance company decides the home is a total loss and pays the single homeowner $200,000 as the settlement for the loss. He decides not to rebuild and sells the lot where the house once stood for $40,000. If the taxpayer elects to use his $250,000 home gain exclusion to offset the gain from the casualty, he would have no taxable gain.
|Lot sale proceeds
|Total sale proceeds
|Home cost (basis)
|Home sale exclusion
If the taxpayer in this example decides to rebuild or replace his home, he could postpone the gain as outlined below. Replacement Period for Postponed Gains
When to Report Gains and Losses
- Generally - To postpone reporting gain, a taxpayer must buy replacement property within a specified period of time. The replacement period begins on the date the property was damaged, destroyed, or stolen. The replacement period ends 2 years after the close of the first tax year in which any part of the gain is realized.
- Main Home - For a main home (or its contents) located in a federally declared disaster area, the replacement period ends 4 years after the close of the first tax year in which any part of the gain is realized.
If a taxpayer receives insurance proceeds or other reimbursement that is more than the adjusted basis in the destroyed or stolen property, there is a gain from the casualty. This gain must be included in income in the year the reimbursement is received, unless the taxpayer buys replacement property and chooses to postpone reporting the gain. To postpone the entire gain, the cost of the replacement property must be at least as much as the reimbursement received. Generally, a casualty loss that is not reimbursable is deductible only on the return of the year that the casualty occurred, but for losses in federally declared disasters, taxpayers can choose to claim the loss either on the return for the year of the loss or on the prior year’s return. Home Destroyed is Still Treated as a Home
A taxpayer may be able to continue treating their home as a qualified home even after it is destroyed in a casualty. This means the taxpayer can continue to deduct the mortgage interest subject to the normal limits. However, the taxpayer must do one of the following within a reasonable period of time after the home is destroyed:
1. Rebuild the destroyed home and move into it, or
2. Sell the land on which the home was located.
This rule applies whether the home is the main home or a second home that the taxpayer treats as a qualified home. Reimbursement for Living Expenses
An exclusion from income is allowed for insurance proceeds received for a temporary increase in living expenses due to a casualty loss of a principal home. The exclusion amount is limited to the increased “actual” reasonable and necessary living expenses as compared to the “normal” living expenses that would be incurred by the taxpayer. Living expenses include temporary housing, utilities, meals, transportation and miscellaneous items like laundry, etc. For this purpose, mortgage interest is not considered a living expense. Example –
Reimbursement of Living Expenses - When a fire damaged their home, the taxpayers moved to a motel for a short time and then moved to a rented house. They stayed at the rental for about one month while they were having their home repaired. They incurred the following expenses during this period, compared to their normal household expenditures:
The taxpayers were reimbursed for the actual living expenses ($2,990) from the insurance company. Of that amount, $1,975 (the increase in living expenses) is excludable from their income. Proving Casualty Losses
Taxpayers will need to show evidence of the cost of the lost property and evidence of the amount of the loss. It is helpful to have photos of the property before and after, notes describing the property that was damaged, appraisals and news clips describing the event. Blue Book values can be helpful in casualties that involve cars.
A qualified appraiser should be used to determine the FMV of real property and scheduled personal property. Insurance Proceeds in a Disaster Area
A taxpayer whose principal residence (or its contents) is damaged in a disaster can qualify for special tax treatment regarding certain insurance proceeds received as a result of the casualty. To qualify, the locale of the residence must be in a Presidential-declared disaster area. The rules stipulate that no gain is recognized on the receipt of insurance proceeds for personal property that was part of the residence contents, if such property was not scheduled under the insurance policy (property such as jewelry which is covered by a rider under the insurance policy).
Other insurance proceeds received for the residence or its contents may be treated as a common pool of funds. If those funds are used to purchase property similar to the property lost, a taxpayer will need to recognize the gain only to the extent that the pool is more than the cost of the replacement property. The replacement period for the damaged or lost property in a disaster area is four years after the close of the first taxable year in which any part of the gain on the involuntary conversion is realized.
These rules are extended to renters as well. Renters who receive insurance proceeds related to disaster damage to their property in a rented principal residence also qualify for the disaster loss relief.
Other “reimbursement”: Although insurance is the most common form of reimbursement for casualties, other types of “reimbursement” also can reduce the amount of loss. These include:
Filing Extensons & Penalty Waivers
- Federal disaster loan forgiveness.
- Repairs made to rental property by a lessee.
- Damages received in court settlement (after legal fees and expenses).
- Repairs, etc., by relief agencies.
- Grants, gifts, or other payments designated to repair or replace property. However, if there are no conditions attached to the funds, they are not considered reimbursement.
The IRS will extend the due date for filing and paying taxes and waive related penalties (late filing and payment) for a taxpayer in a Presidential-declared disaster zone. The IRS must also abate assessment of underpayment interest for the period of the extension. Generally, the IRS will issue a news release shortly after the disaster designation has been issued outlining the extension and waiver periods. The advice included in this article is not intended or written by this practitioner to be used, and it cannot be used by a practitioner or taxpayer, for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed on the practitioner or taxpayer.
Uharibifu wa msiba ni hasara ya ajali ambayo hutokea katika eneo la kijiografia ambalo Rais wa Marekani anatangaza haki ya msaada wa msiba wa Shirikisho. Hasara za msiba pia zina haki ya faida maalum za kodi, ambazo zinajadiliwa katika broshua hii. Kumbuka: Marekebisho ya kodi hayaruhusu tena upungufu wa shirikisho kwa hasara za kibinafsi za ajali isipokuwa katika maeneo ya maafa. Baadhi ya majimbo kuendelea kuruhusu zisizo msiba eneo la hasara hasara deductions. Uharibifu wa Kifo Ni Nini? Hasara ya ajali hutokea wakati kuna uharibifu wa mali kutokana na tukio la ghafula, lisilotazamiwa. Baadhi ya mifano ya matukio ya kufuzu ni: vimbunga, matetemeko ya ardhi, vimbunga, mafuriko, dhoruba, moto na milipuko ya volkano. Kwa Nini Uharibifu Unaosababishwa na Misiba Ni Tofauti? Walipa kodi ndani ya eneo la msiba lililotangazwa na shirikisho wanaweza kuchagua kudai hasara yao: - Katika mwaka unaotokea, au - Katika kurudi kwa mwaka uliopita. Mshahara katika eneo la msiba wa shirikisho unaweza kudai hasara ya hasara ama katika kurudi kwao kwa mwaka wa hasara au katika kurudi kwao kwa mwaka uliopita. Kama mwaka uliopita kurudi tayari imewasilishwa, kama ni kawaida, inaweza kubadilishwa kwa kufungua Fomu 1040X. Kwa kulinganisha, mtu aliyepatwa na hasara ya kibinafsi (ajali ya gari, moto wa nyumba uliosababishwa na kosa la kupika, nk.) Mtu anayestahili kudai hasara ya ajali anaweza kufanya hivyo tu kwenye kurudi kwa mwaka ambapo ajali ilitokea. Kujiuzulu kwa kudai punguzo la hasara ya msiba inategemea mambo kadhaa na inapaswa kuchambuliwa kwa uangalifu ili kuamua ni mwaka gani unaofaa zaidi kwa mlipa kodi. Thamani hasara ni msingi Upo - makundi ya kodi kwa kila mwaka <unk> Kila mwaka inapaswa kuchunguzwa kwa uangalifu kama ambayo itatoa kubwa jumla ya faida ya kodi bila kupoteza faida nyingine za kodi. - Uhitaji wa fedha za papo hapo <unk> Kusudi kuu la sheria maalum kuruhusu hasara ya ajali kudaiwa juu ya mwaka uliopita <unk> kurudi ni kutoa mtoa kodi upatikanaji wa kodi ya kurudi bila haja ya kusubiri <unk> mara nyingi miezi mingi <unk> kuwasilisha kurudi yao kwa mwaka wa hasara. - Kodi ya kujiajiri - Watoa kodi wa kujiajiri pia watahitaji kuzingatia ikiwa kuchukua hasara ya ajali ya biashara ambayo inaathiri hesabu katika mwaka wa sasa au uliopita kwani hasara inaweza kusawazisha kodi ya kujiajiri na vile vile kodi ya mapato. Kama hasara ya ajali si kutumika kikamilifu katika mwaka ni kwanza deducted, inaweza kuunda kile kinachoitwa hasara ya uendeshaji wa safi (NOL). Kwa hasara zilizodaiwa kwenye taarifa ya mwaka wa 2018 au baadaye, NOL inabeba kama kupunguzwa kwa miaka ijayo na ya baadaye hadi itakapotumiwa. Ikiwa hasara inadaiwa katika taarifa ya mwaka wa 2017 au mwaka wa awali, NOL inachukuliwa kwanza kurudi kwa taarifa ya mwaka wa pili wa awali; ziada yoyote hubeba mbele. NOLs zinazotokea katika 2018 na miaka iliyofuata zinaweza tu kusawazisha 80% ya mapato ya mwaka uliofuata. Kwa ujumla, kwa kila kitu kilichopotea katika ajali, hasara inayopunguzwa ni ndogo ya: gharama au msingi uliobadilishwa au kupungua kwa thamani ya soko la haki (FMV) Mara baada ya hasara kuamua kwa kila kitu cha mtu binafsi, basi kiasi hicho huongezwa pamoja ili kuamua hasara ya jumla ya tukio la ajali. Kwa mali isiyohamishika, hasara ni figured juu ya mali nzima (nyumba, mimea, miti, nk. (ii) kwa kila item, na sio kwa kila item. (1) Kwa ujumla, kipimo cha msingi wa mlipa kodi katika mali ni gharama yake. Mali inapopatikana kwa urithi, kwa zawadi, au kwa kubadilishana bila kulipa kodi, msingi huo utaamuliwa kwa njia nyingine. Matukio fulani yanaweza kutokea baada ya kupata mali ambayo inaweza kuongeza au kupunguza msingi; hivyo neno <unk>adjusted msingi<unk>. Mifano itakuwa maboresho ya mali, kupunguzwa thamani na hasara ya hasara ya hasara. "Hii ni ""faida ya soko"" ambayo muuzaji anaweza kukubali kutoka kwa mnunuzi wakati muuzaji hana haja ya kuuza au mnunuzi lazima kununua, na wote wawili wanajua ukweli wote unaohusiana na hasara ya biashara au hasara ya kibinafsi." Kwa upande mwingine, hasara za kibinafsi za ajali hupunguzwa kwanza kwa $ 100 kwa kila tukio, na kisha jumla ya matukio yote kwa mwaka hupunguzwa kwa 10% ya mapato ya kila mwaka ya mlipa kodi (Pato la jumla lililobadilishwa). Kwa kuongezea, kwa hasara za ajali ya kibinafsi, punguzo lazima liwe na maelezo ili kuitumia hasara hiyo. Mfano: Kudai hasara ya kibinafsi <unk> Makao makuu ya mlipa kodi yaliharibiwa katika mafuriko katika eneo la msiba lililotangazwa na serikali ya shirikisho. Uharibifu huo ulifikia dola 12,000 na mlipa kodi hakuwa na bima ya mafuriko. Kiwango cha AGI cha mwaka mmoja kilikuwa $ 57,000. Kwa sababu ya hasara ya uharibifu wa mwaka, mtoa kodi anaweza kuchagua kuchukua hasara katika mwaka wa kodi uliopita, ili kuamua kupunguzwa kwa hasara ya uharibifu au wizi, tafuta hasara kwanza. Kiasi cha hasara: Fikiria kiasi cha hasara kwa kutumia hatua zifuatazo. Faida kutoka Reimbursement - Kuamua msingi adjusted katika mali kabla ya ajali au wizi. - Kuamua kupungua kwa thamani ya soko la haki (FMV) ya mali kama matokeo ya ajali au wizi. - Kuondoa yoyote ya bima mapato au malipo mengine kupokea (au inatarajiwa kupokea) kutoka ndogo ya kiasi maalum katika (1) na (2). Ikiwa mali imefunikwa na bima, mlipa kodi lazima awasilishe madai ya bima kwa wakati kwa malipo ya hasara. Vinginevyo, upungufu wa hasara ya ajali au wizi hauwezi kudaiwa kwa mali hiyo. Hata hivyo, sehemu ya hasara kwa kawaida si kufunikwa na bima (kwa mfano, deductible) si chini ya sheria hii. Inawezekana kupata faida kutoka tukio la hasara. Kama malipo ya mlipa kodi ni zaidi ya msingi kurekebishwa katika mali, kuna faida. Hii ni kweli hata kama kupungua kwa FMV ya mali ni ndogo kuliko msingi kurekebishwa. Ikiwa kuna faida, huenda ikabidi kodi ilipewe juu yake, au kuripoti faida hiyo huenda kukaahirishwa (kama inavyozungumziwa baadaye). Ikiwa faida ni kutoka kwa makazi ya msingi ya mtoa kodi na mtoa kodi amekuwa na kumiliki na kutumia makazi kama nyumba kuu kwa miaka miwili kati ya miaka mitano iliyopita, mtoa kodi anaweza kuondoa $ 250,000 ( $ 500,000 kwenye kurudi kwa pamoja) ya faida. Kwa mfano, mtu mmoja alinunua nyumba yake kwa dola 50,000 miaka kumi na tano iliyopita na nyumba hiyo ikaharibiwa na kimbunga. Kampuni ya bima inadai kwamba nyumba hiyo imepotea kabisa na kulipa mmiliki wa nyumba hiyo $ 200,000 kama malipo ya hasara. Aliamua kutofanya kazi hiyo na akauza shamba ambalo nyumba hiyo ilikuwa imesimama kwa dola 40,000 za Marekani. Ikiwa mtoa kodi atachagua kutumia $ 250,000 yake ya faida ya nyumbani ili kulipa faida kutoka kwa hasara, hatakuwa na faida ya kodi. """Kama vile tunavyoona, kodi ya nyumba ya umma ni sawa na kodi ya nyumba ya umma, lakini ikiwa mtoa kodi anaamua kujenga au kubadilisha nyumba yake, anaweza kuahirisha faida kama ilivyoelezwa hapa chini." Kipindi cha Uingizwaji wa Faida zilizocheleweshwa Wakati wa Kuripoti Faida na Hasara - Kwa ujumla - Ili kuahirisha faida ya kuripoti, mlipa kodi lazima anunue mali ya uingizwaji ndani ya kipindi maalum cha wakati. Kipindi cha kubadilisha huanza tarehe ambayo mali iliharibiwa, kuharibiwa, au kuibiwa. Kipindi cha uingizwaji huisha miaka miwili baada ya kufungwa kwa mwaka wa kwanza wa kodi ambapo sehemu yoyote ya faida hutengenezwa. Kwa nyumba kuu (au yaliyomo) iliyoko katika eneo la msiba lililotangazwa na serikali, kipindi cha uingizwaji kinamalizika miaka minne baada ya kufungwa kwa mwaka wa kwanza wa kodi ambapo sehemu yoyote ya faida hutambuliwa. Ikiwa mtoa kodi anapokea mapato ya bima au malipo mengine ambayo ni zaidi ya msingi uliobadilishwa katika mali iliyoharibiwa au kuibiwa, kuna faida kutoka kwa hasara. Mapato hayo yanapaswa kuingizwa katika mapato ya mwaka ambapo malipo yanapokelewa, isipokuwa mlipa kodi anaponunua mali ya badala na kuchagua kuahirisha kuripoti mapato hayo. Ili kuahirisha faida nzima, gharama ya mali ya badala lazima iwe angalau sawa na malipo yaliyopokelewa. Kwa ujumla, hasara ya hasara ambayo haipatikani ni deductible tu juu ya kurudi kwa mwaka kwamba hasara ilitokea, lakini kwa hasara katika misiba ya shirikisho, walipa kodi wanaweza kuchagua kudai hasara ama juu ya kurudi kwa mwaka wa hasara au juu ya kurudi kwa mwaka uliopita. Nyumba iliyoharibiwa bado inahesabiwa kama nyumba Mlipa kodi anaweza kuendelea kutibu nyumba yake kama nyumba ya sifa hata baada ya kuharibiwa katika ajali. Hii ina maana mlipa kodi anaweza kuendelea kupunguza riba ya mkopo wa nyumba chini ya mipaka ya kawaida. Hata hivyo, mtoa kodi lazima afanye mojawapo ya mambo yafuatayo ndani ya kipindi cha wakati unaofaa baada ya nyumba kuharibiwa: Kujenga upya nyumba iliyoharibiwa na kuhamia ndani yake, au 2. kuuza ardhi ambayo nyumba ilikuwa iko. Kanuni hii inatumika kama nyumba ni nyumbani kuu au nyumba ya pili ambayo mlipa kodi inachukua kama nyumba ya sifa. Malipo ya gharama za kuishi: Utoaji kutoka kwa mapato unaruhusiwa kwa mapato ya bima yaliyopokelewa kwa ongezeko la muda la gharama za kuishi kutokana na hasara ya ajali ya nyumba kuu. Kiasi cha kutengwa ni mdogo kwa kuongezeka <unk>halisi<unk> gharama za maisha za busara na muhimu ikilinganishwa na <unk>kawaida<unk> gharama za maisha ambazo zingetolewa na mlipa kodi. Gharama za kuishi ni pamoja na makazi ya muda, huduma, chakula, usafiri na vitu mbalimbali kama vile nguo, nk. Kwa kusudi hili, riba ya mkopo wa nyumba haichukuliwi kuwa gharama ya maisha. Mfano <unk> Kurudishwa kwa Gharama za Kuishi - Wakati moto ulipoharibu nyumba yao, walipa kodi walihamia hoteli kwa muda mfupi na kisha wakahamia nyumba ya kukodisha. Walikaa katika nyumba hiyo ya kukodisha kwa karibu mwezi mmoja wakati nyumba yao ilipokuwa ikirekebishwa. Katika kipindi hiki, walipata gharama zifuatazo, ikilinganishwa na gharama za kawaida za nyumbani: Walipa kodi walilipwa gharama za maisha halisi ($2,990) kutoka kwa kampuni ya bima. Kati ya hizo, $ 1,957 (kuongezeka kwa gharama za maisha) inaweza kuondolewa kwenye mapato yao. Uhakiki wa hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara ya hasara. Ni muhimu kuwa na picha za mali kabla na baada ya, maelezo kuelezea mali ambayo ilikuwa kuharibiwa, tathmini na vipindi vya habari kuelezea tukio. Thamani za kitabu cha bluu zinaweza kuwa zenye kusaidia katika majeruhi wanaohusisha magari. Mtaalam wa thamani ya mali ya mali isiyohamishika (FMV) ni mtu anayetumika kuamua thamani ya mali isiyohamishika (FMV) ya mali isiyohamishika (FMV) na mali binafsi. Mshahara wa bima katika eneo la msiba: Mshahara wa bima ambaye makazi yake kuu (au yaliyomo) yameharibiwa katika msiba unaweza kufuzu kwa matibabu maalum ya kodi kuhusu mapato fulani ya bima yaliyopokelewa kama matokeo ya msiba. Ili kufuzu, eneo la makazi lazima liwe katika eneo la msiba lililoelezwa na Rais. Sheria hii inatoa sheria ya kuondoa faida ya bima ya mali binafsi ambayo ni sehemu ya mali ya makazi, ikiwa mali hiyo haijaorodheshwa chini ya sera ya bima (kama vile vito ambavyo vimefunikwa na mteja chini ya sera ya bima). Mapato mengine ya bima yaliyopokelewa kwa ajili ya makazi au maudhui yake yanaweza kutibiwa kama mkusanyiko wa fedha za kawaida. Kama fedha hizo ni kutumika kununua mali sawa na mali kupotea, mtoa kodi itabidi kutambua faida tu kwa kiasi kwamba kundi ni zaidi ya gharama ya mali ya badala. Kipindi cha urekebishaji wa mali iliyoharibiwa au kupotea katika eneo la msiba ni miaka minne baada ya mwisho wa mwaka wa kwanza wa kodi ambapo sehemu yoyote ya faida ya ubadilishaji wa kimakusudi hutambuliwa. Kanuni hizi huenea kwa wapangaji pia. Waajiri ambao hupokea mapato ya bima yanayohusiana na uharibifu wa maafa kwa mali yao katika makazi ya msingi ya kukodisha pia wanastahili misaada ya hasara ya maafa. Nyingine <unk>reimbursement<unk>: Ingawa bima ni aina ya kawaida ya refund kwa ajili ya majeruhi, aina nyingine ya <unk>reimbursement<unk> pia inaweza kupunguza kiasi cha hasara. Hizi ni pamoja na: Filing Extensions & Penalty Waivers - Federal msamaha wa mkopo wa msiba. - Marekebisho yaliyotolewa kwa mali ya kukodisha na mpangaji. - Uharibifu kupokea katika mahakama ya makazi (baada ya ada ya kisheria na gharama). - Marekebisho, nk, na mashirika ya misaada. - Zawadi, zawadi, au malipo mengine yaliyokusudiwa kurekebisha au kubadilisha mali. Hata hivyo, kama hakuna masharti kushikamana na fedha, wao si kuchukuliwa malipo. IRS itaongeza tarehe ya mwisho ya kuwasilisha na kulipa kodi na kuondoa adhabu zinazohusiana (kuwasilisha na kulipa kwa kuchelewa) kwa walipa kodi katika eneo la msiba lililotangazwa na Rais. IRS pia lazima kupunguza tathmini ya riba ya chini ya malipo kwa kipindi cha upanuzi. Kwa kawaida, IRS itatoa taarifa ya habari muda mfupi baada ya uteuzi wa msiba kutolewa, ikielezea vipindi vya upanuzi na msamaha. Ushauri uliojumuishwa katika makala hii haukusudiwa au kuandikwa na mtaalamu huyu kwa ajili ya matumizi, na haiwezi kutumiwa na mtaalamu au mlipa kodi kwa madhumuni ya kuepuka adhabu ambazo zinaweza kuwekwa kwa mtaalamu au mlipa kodi.