Naproxen, a pain-relieving medication, alleviates inflammation and stiffness in joints. Other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) within the same category include acetylsalicylic acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and meloxicam.
Its mechanism involves inhibiting the enzyme responsible for prostaglandin production. Prostaglandins play a crucial role in inflammation, being produced at the site of injured tissue and contributing to redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
Naproxen is offered in two forms, namely naproxen and naproxen sodium. The primary distinction lies in the faster absorption rate of naproxen sodium. Peak levels of naproxen are reached within 2–4 hours, while naproxen sodium achieves peak levels in 1–2 hours, indicating a quicker absorption rate for naproxen sodium compared to regular naproxen.
Naproxen is employed for the treatment of various conditions, including:
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Juvenile arthritis
- Gout attacks
- Muscle aches, strains, and sprains
- Dental pain
- Menstrual cramps
In the United States, the over-the-counter (OTC) version of naproxen is marketed under the brand name Aleve. The prescription forms of naproxen are recognized as Naprosyn and Anaprox.
Pros and Cons of Naproxen
- Pain Relief
- Fever Reduction
- Available Over-the-Counter
- Gastrointestinal Side Effects
- Cardiovascular Risks
- Kidney Issues
- Blood Pressure
Differences Between Naproxen and Pantoprazole
It is commonly used to relieve pain associated with conditions like osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, menstrual cramps, and other inflammatory conditions. It can also help reduce fever.
It is mainly prescribed for the treatment of conditions where excess stomach acid causes heartburn and damage to the esophagus, such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and peptic ulcers.
Alternative to Naproxen
- Class: Analgesic (pain reliever)
- Uses: Pain relief and fever reduction.
- Considerations: Does not have the anti-inflammatory properties of NSAIDs. Should be used cautiously in high doses or for prolonged periods due to potential liver toxicity.
Naproxen is offered in various types and strengths. Regular naproxen tablets come in 250 milligrams (mg), 375 mg, or 500 mg of naproxen.
Fast-absorbing naproxen sodium is accessible in 220 mg over-the-counter (OTC) capsules and tablets, as well as in 275 mg and 550 mg tablets with a prescription. Low-dose naproxen is presented in tablet or capsule form.
For individuals, especially children or those with difficulty swallowing tablets, naproxen suspension is available, containing 25 mg of the drug per milliliter (ml).
The table below enumerates the inactive ingredients found in regular naproxen, naproxen sodium, and naproxen suspension. It is essential for individuals with allergies or intolerances to be cautious and avoid using naproxen if they are sensitive to any of these inactive ingredients.
|colloidal silicon dioxide
|magnesium aluminum silicate
|sorbitol solution 70%
|FD&C Yellow No. 6
Dosage and forms
Naproxen is accessible in various formulations, including tablets, liquid capsules, and liquid form.
The required dosage of naproxen depends on the purpose of its usage. A general guideline is to use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration, minimizing the risk of side effects.
Medical professionals recommend taking naproxen and other NSAIDs with food to mitigate potential gastrointestinal side effects.
For mild to moderate pain and fever, adults aged 12 to 65 can take one 220 mg tablet of naproxen every 12 hours. Children under 12 should only use naproxen under a doctor's guidance.
To manage symptoms of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis, individuals can take 220 mg to 550 mg of naproxen every 12 hours. While naproxen doesn't cure these conditions, it provides relief from pain and inflammation.
During acute gout attacks, a one-time dose of 825 mg, followed by 275 mg every 8 hours, may be taken.
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis can be managed with naproxen in liquid suspension form for children aged 2 and older. The recommended dose is 10 mg per kilogram (kg), divided into two doses 12 hours apart.
The use of naproxen for relieving headache and migraine pain is debated. Individuals can try taking 550 mg every 12 hours, increasing to 825 mg if necessary, with a maximum daily dose not exceeding 1,375 mg.
Naproxen sodium degrades more slowly than regular naproxen and other NSAIDs, providing a longer duration of activity. However, headache pain relief may be lower after 2 hours compared to other NSAIDs.
Although naproxen can alleviate headache and migraine pain, other NSAIDs might offer better relief.
For over-the-counter (OTC) naproxen use, it is recommended for short-term pain relief (3–5 days) and no more than 3 days for fever. Consultation with a doctor is advised for prolonged treatment.
In children aged 2–12, the maximum daily dose by weight is 20 mg/kg, not exceeding 1,000 mg in 24 hours. For OTC use in those 12 and older, the maximum daily dose is 660 mg in 24 hours.
Studies have not shown added benefits in daily doses exceeding 1,000 mg, but some sources suggest a maximum of 1,650 mg per day for up to 6 months for arthritis, though this should be monitored under medical guidance.
The occurrence and intensity of side effects induced by naproxen are contingent upon various factors.
Factors such as the dosage and duration of treatment, existing medical conditions, and individual risk factors play a crucial role in determining the nature and extent of side effects associated with naproxen.
The subsequent sections elaborate on both the typical and severe side effects associated with the use of naproxen.
Common side effects
The table below, derived from the naproxen monograph, categorizes the most prevalent side effects according to body systems. These side effects, as outlined in the table, are observed in approximately 3–9% of individuals.
|Heartburn, constipation, abdominal pain, nausea
|Central Nervous System
|Headache, dizziness, drowsiness, depression, fatigue
|Itchy skin, ecchymoses, skin eruptions
|Dyspnea, peripheral edema
|Ringing in the ear
Serious side effects
While low-dose naproxen is available without a prescription, it may not be suitable for everyone due to potential risks.
Individuals with significant heart conditions, such as heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and congestive heart failure, may face severe adverse effects when using naproxen.
Notable side effects of naproxen include heart attack, stroke, and the formation of blood clots. Those with high blood pressure should exercise caution when considering naproxen, as it can lead to sodium retention in the kidneys, contributing to elevated blood pressure. It is advisable for individuals with hypertension to consult their doctor before using naproxen.
Naproxen usage can also result in serious gastrointestinal complications, including stomach bleeding, ulcer formation, and intestinal blockages. Older adults are particularly susceptible to such side effects. Individuals with a history of ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding face a tenfold higher risk of experiencing a bleed while taking naproxen. Even short-term treatment can pose a significant risk for these individuals.
While low-dose naproxen is readily available without a prescription, it is imperative to recognize that its usage may not be universally safe. Particularly for individuals with serious heart conditions or high blood pressure, the potential for severe side effects such as heart attack, stroke, and blood clot formation underscores the importance of cautious consideration and consultation with a healthcare professional.
Moreover, the gastrointestinal risks associated with naproxen, including stomach bleeding, ulcer formation, and intestinal blockages, emphasize the need for careful assessment, especially among older adults and individuals with a history of ulcers or gastrointestinal bleeding. The decision to use naproxen, even in low doses, should be made judiciously, taking into account individual health profiles and potential risks.
Ultimately, seeking guidance from a healthcare provider is crucial to ensure that the benefits of naproxen use outweigh the potential risks, thereby promoting safe and informed decisions regarding its appropriateness for each individual.
Naproxen, dawa ya kupunguza maumivu, hupunguza uvimbe na ugumu wa viungo. Dawa nyingine zisizo za steroid (NSAIDs) katika jamii hiyo ni pamoja na asidi ya acetylsalicylic, diclofenac, ibuprofen, na meloxicam. Utaratibu wake unahusisha kuzuia enzyme inayohusika na utengenezaji wa prostaglandin. Prostaglandin huchangia sana uchochezi, kwa kuwa hutokezwa mahali pa tishu iliyoathiriwa na kusababisha mwekundu, joto, uvimbe, na maumivu. Naproxen hutolewa katika aina mbili, yaani naproxen na naproxen sodiamu. Tofauti kuu iko katika kasi ya haraka ya kunyonya ya naproxen sodiamu. Kiwango cha juu cha naproxen hufikia ndani ya masaa 2 hadi 4, wakati naproxen sodiamu hufikia viwango vya juu katika masaa 1 hadi 2, ikionyesha kiwango cha haraka cha kunyonya kwa naproxen sodiamu ikilinganishwa na naproxen ya kawaida. Naproxen hutumiwa kwa matibabu ya hali mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na: - Rheumatoid arthritis - Ankylosing spondylitis - Juvenile arthritis - Gout mashambulizi - Misuli maumivu, misuli, na sprains - maumivu ya meno - menstrual cramps Katika Marekani, juu ya-the-counter (OTC) toleo la naproxen ni kuuzwa chini ya jina la brand Aleve. Aina za dawa za naproxen zinatambuliwa kama Naprosyn na Anaprox. Naproxen - Kupunguza maumivu - Kupunguza homa - Inapatikana Zaidi ya Kaunti - Athari za Gastrointestinal - Hatari za Cardiovascular - Masuala ya Figo - Tofauti za Shinikizo la Damu Kati ya Naproxen na Pantoprazole Inatumika kwa kawaida kupunguza maumivu yanayohusiana na hali kama osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, maumivu ya hedhi, na hali nyingine za uvimbe. Pia inaweza kusaidia kupunguza homa. Inatumiwa hasa kwa ajili ya matibabu ya hali ambapo asidi ya ziada ya tumbo husababisha maumivu ya moyo na uharibifu wa esophagus, kama vile ugonjwa wa gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) na ulcer ya tumbo. Mbadala wa Naproxen - Darasa: Analgesic (kuondoa maumivu) - Matumizi: Kupunguza maumivu na kupunguza homa. - Maoni: Haina mali ya kupambana na uvimbe ya NSAIDs. Inapaswa kutumiwa kwa tahadhari katika vipimo vya juu au kwa vipindi vya muda mrefu kwa sababu ya sumu ya ini. Naproxen hutolewa katika aina mbalimbali na nguvu. Kwa kawaida, dawa za Naproxen zinapatikana katika vipimo vya 250 mg, 375 mg, na 500 mg. Naproxen sodium inapatikana katika vidonge na vidonge vya 220 mg, na pia katika vidonge vya 275 mg na 550 mg. Naproxen ya kipimo cha chini hutolewa katika fomu ya kibao au capsule. Kwa watu binafsi, hasa watoto au wale wenye ugumu wa kumeza vidonge, naproxen suspension inapatikana, yenye 25 mg ya dawa kwa mililita (ml). Jedwali lililo hapa chini linaorodhesha viungo visivyo na utendaji vinavyopatikana katika naproxen ya kawaida, naproxen sodiamu, na naproxen suspension. Watu wenye mzio au kutovumiliana wanapaswa kuwa makini na kuepuka kutumia naproxen ikiwa wana hisia kwa viungo hivi visivyo na nguvu. Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi ya Chumvi Naproxen inapatikana katika maumbo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na vidonge, vidonge vya kioevu, na fomu ya kioevu. Kiwango kinachohitajika cha naproxen kinategemea kusudi la matumizi yake. Mwongozo wa jumla ni kutumia kipimo cha chini zaidi cha ufanisi kwa muda mfupi zaidi, kupunguza hatari ya athari za upande. Wataalamu wa matibabu wanapendekeza kuchukua naproxen na NSAID nyingine pamoja na chakula ili kupunguza athari za uwezekano wa gastrointestinal. Kwa watu wazima wenye umri wa miaka 12 hadi 65, dawa ya naproxen ya 220 mg inaweza kutumiwa kila baada ya masaa 12. Watoto chini ya umri wa miaka 12 wanapaswa kutumia naproxen tu chini ya mwongozo wa daktari. Kwa sababu ya dalili za ugonjwa wa arthritis, na arthritis ya rheumatoid, na spondylitis ya ankylosing, watu wanaweza kuchukua 220 mg hadi 550 mg ya naproxen kila baada ya masaa 12. Ingawa naproxen haiponyeshi hali hizo, hutoa kitulizo kutokana na maumivu na uvimbe. Wakati wa mashambulizi ya ghafla ya gout, kipimo cha mara moja cha 825 mg, ikifuatiwa na 275 mg kila baada ya masaa 8 inaweza kuchukuliwa. Ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa arthritis wa vijana unaweza kudhibitiwa na naproxen katika fomu ya suspension ya kioevu kwa watoto wenye umri wa miaka 2 na zaidi. Kiasi cha kupendekezwa ni 10 mg kwa kilo, imegawanywa katika vipimo viwili kwa muda wa masaa 12. Matumizi ya naproxen ili kupunguza maumivu ya kichwa na maumivu ya kichwa ni mjadala. Kwa kawaida, dawa hii huchukua kipimo cha kila saa cha 500 mg, na kwa kawaida inapaswa kuongezeka hadi 825 mg, na kwa kawaida, kipimo cha kila siku cha 1 mg kinapaswa kuwa cha juu ya 1,375 mg, na kwa hivyo, dawa ya natrium ya naproxen inashuka polepole kuliko naproxen ya kawaida na NSAIDs nyingine. Hata hivyo, maumivu ya kichwa yanaweza kupunguzwa baada ya masaa mawili ikilinganishwa na NSAIDs nyingine. Ingawa naproxen inaweza kupunguza maumivu ya kichwa na kichefuchefu, NSAID nyingine zaweza kutoa kitulizo bora. Kwa matumizi ya over-the-counter (OTC) naproxen, inashauriwa kwa maumivu ya muda mfupi (siku 3-5) na si zaidi ya siku 3 kwa homa. Ushauri wa daktari unashauriwa kwa ajili ya matibabu ya muda mrefu. Kwa watoto wenye umri wa miaka 2-12 mg ya kila siku ya juu ni 20 mg kwa kilo, na haipaswi kuzidi 1,000 mg kwa masaa 24. Kwa wale wenye umri wa miaka 12 na zaidi, kipimo cha juu cha kila siku ni 600 mg kwa saa 24. Utafiti haujathibitisha faida ya ziada katika kipimo cha kila siku cha zaidi ya 1,000 mg, lakini baadhi ya vyanzo vinapendekeza kiwango cha juu cha 1,650 mg kwa siku kwa miezi sita kwa ugonjwa wa arthritis, ingawa hii inapaswa kufuatiliwa chini ya mwongozo wa matibabu. Matukio na nguvu ya athari za upande zinazosababishwa na naproxen zinategemea mambo mbalimbali. Vipengele kama vile kipimo na muda wa matibabu, hali za matibabu zilizopo, na sababu za hatari za mtu binafsi hucheza jukumu muhimu katika kuamua asili na kiwango cha athari za upande zinazohusiana na naproxen. Sehemu zifuatazo zinaelezea athari za kawaida na kali zinazohusiana na matumizi ya naproxen. Madhara ya kawaida Jedwali hapa chini, inayotokana na naproxen monograph, inatoa makundi ya athari za kawaida za upande kulingana na mifumo ya mwili. Matokeo haya ya upande, kama ilivyoelezwa katika jedwali, ni kuonekana katika takriban 3.9% ya watu. Ugonjwa wa moyo, kichefuchefu, maumivu ya tumbo, kichefuchefu, kichefuchefu, kichefuchefu, kichefuchefu, kichefuchefu, kichefuchefuchefu, kichefuchefuchefu, kichefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefuchefu Watu wenye matatizo makubwa ya moyo, kama vile ugonjwa wa moyo, ugonjwa wa mishipa ya damu ya ubongo, na kushindwa kwa moyo, wanaweza kukabiliwa na athari mbaya kali wakati wa kutumia naproxen. Madhara mashuhuri ya naproxen yanatia ndani mshtuko wa moyo, kiharusi, na kufanyizwa kwa makundi ya damu. Watu wenye shinikizo la damu la juu wanapaswa kuwa makini wakati wa kutumia naproxen, kwani inaweza kusababisha kuhifadhi sodiamu katika figo, na kusababisha shinikizo la damu kuongezeka. Inashauriwa kwa watu wenye shinikizo la damu kushauriana na daktari wao kabla ya kutumia naproxen. Matumizi ya naproxen pia yanaweza kusababisha matatizo makubwa ya utumbo, kutia ndani kutokwa na damu tumboni, kuumbwa kwa vidonda, na kufungwa kwa matumbo. Watu wazima waliozeeka huathiriwa hasa na madhara hayo. Watu walio na historia ya vidonda au kutokwa na damu kwenye mfumo wa matumbo wanakabili hatari kubwa mara kumi ya kutokwa na damu wakati wa kutumia naproxen. Hata matibabu ya muda mfupi yaweza kuwa hatari kubwa kwa watu hao. Naproxen ya kipimo cha chini inapatikana bila dawa, lakini ni muhimu kutambua kwamba matumizi yake hayawezi kuwa salama kwa wote. Hasa kwa watu wenye matatizo makubwa ya moyo au shinikizo la damu, uwezekano wa athari mbaya kama vile mshtuko wa moyo, kiharusi, na kuunda damu ya damu huonyesha umuhimu wa kuzingatia kwa uangalifu na kushauriana na mtaalamu wa huduma za afya. Kwa kuongezea, hatari za gastrointestinal zinazohusiana na naproxen, ikiwa ni pamoja na kutokwa na damu ya tumbo, malezi ya kidonda, na vizuizi vya matumbo, inasisitiza hitaji la tathmini ya uangalifu, haswa kati ya watu wazima wazee na watu wenye historia ya vidonda au kutokwa na damu ya gastrointestinal. Uamuzi wa kutumia naproxen, hata katika vipimo vya chini, unapaswa kufanywa kwa busara, kwa kuzingatia maelezo ya afya ya mtu binafsi na hatari zinazowezekana. Kwa hivyo, kutafuta mwongozo kutoka kwa mtoa huduma ya afya ni muhimu kuhakikisha kwamba faida za matumizi ya naproxen zinazidi hatari zinazowezekana, na hivyo kukuza maamuzi salama na ya habari kuhusu uhalali wake kwa kila mtu.