BACKGROUND Leptin is the hormonal product of the obese (ob) gene and is expressed by adipocytes. The level of circulating leptin is directly proportional to the total amount of fat in the body.1 It plays a role in the regulation of food intake and metabolism. Leptin acts on receptors in the hypothalamus of the brain. It counteracts the effects of neuropeptide Y and anandamide , both are potent feeding stimulants. Moreover, it promotes the synthesis of α-MSH, an appetite suppressant. Thus,food intake was inhibited. The absence of a functional hormone (or its receptor) leads to uncontrolled food intake and resulting obesity. Leptin also acts on hypothalamic neurons responsible for the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and stimulating the sympathetic nervous system to modulate the balance between the formation and breakdown of bone.2 In addition to its effect on the hypothalamus, leptin acts directly on the cells of the liver and skeletal muscle where it stimulates the oxidation of fatty acids in the mitochondria. This reduces the storage of fat in those tissues (but not in adipose tissue). It also acts on T cells where it enhances the production of Th1 cells promoting inflammation. Mice without leptin are protected from autoimmune disease.3 Mutations in the gene for leptin, or in its receptor, are rarely found in obese people.
1. Houseknecht, K. H. et al: J. Anim. Sci. 76:1405-20, 1998
2. Margetic, S. et al: Int. J. Obesity 26:1407-1433, 2002
3. Ahima, R.S. & Flier, J.S.: Ann. Rev. Physiol. 62:413-437, 2000
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Target Protein Species:
No detectable cross-reactivity
with any other cytokine.
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ELISA Kits are based on standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technology. Freshly prepared standards, samples, and solutions are recommended for best results.
Leptin ni bidhaa ya homoni ya jeni ya kunenepa kupita kiasi (obese) na huonyeshwa na adipocytes. Kiasi cha leptin katika damu ni sawa na kiasi cha mafuta katika mwili, na huathiri kiasi cha chakula na metabolism. Leptin huathiri vipokezi vilivyo katika hypothalamus ya ubongo. Inapinga athari za neuropeptide Y na anandamide, zote mbili ni kichocheo cha nguvu cha kulisha. Kwa kuongezea, huchochea utengenezaji wa α-MSH, dawa ya kupunguza hamu ya kula. Hivyo, ulaji wa chakula ulizuiliwa. Kutokuwepo kwa homoni inayofanya kazi (au kipokeaji chake) husababisha ulaji wa chakula usioweza kudhibitiwa na kusababisha unene kupita kiasi. Leptin pia huathiri neuroni za hypothalamus zinazohusika na kutokwa kwa homoni ya kutolewa kwa gonadotropin (GNRH) na kuchochea mfumo wa neva wa sympathetic ili kurekebisha usawa kati ya malezi na uharibifu wa mifupa. Hii hupunguza kuhifadhi mafuta katika tishu hizo (lakini si katika tishu ya mafuta). Pia huathiri chembe za T, ambazo huongeza uzalishaji wa chembe za Th1 zinazohimiza uvimbe. Panya wasio na leptin wanalindwa kutokana na magonjwa ya autoimmune.3 Mabadiliko katika jeni ya leptin, au katika kipokezi chake, ni nadra kupatikana kwa watu wanene kupita kiasi. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Houseknecht, K. H. et al: J. Anim. Sayansi. 76:1405 1998-20) na ni muhimu sana. Margetic, S. et al: Int. J. Obesity 26144 - Ugonjwa wa kupindukia Ahima, R.S. & Flier, J. S. Ann: (Anna) Mchungaji. Physiol. 62 433 - 2000 - Bidhaa ni kwa ajili ya matumizi ya utafiti tu. Wao si lengo kwa ajili ya binadamu, wanyama, au maombi ya utambuzi. Aina ya protini ya lengo: Hakuna cross-reactivity inayoonekana na cytokine nyingine yoyote. Hifadhi katika 4 ° C. Tumia ndani ya miezi sita. Vifaa vya ELISA vinategemea teknolojia ya kawaida ya uchunguzi wa immunosorbent iliyounganishwa na enzyme ya sandwich. Viwango, sampuli, na suluhisho zilizotengenezwa hivi karibuni hupendekezwa kwa ajili ya matokeo bora.