Advances in the study of the role of extraoral bitter taste receptors
AbstractTaste is one of the basic senses of living organisms and can recognize
sour, bitter, salty, sweet and umami tastes. Bitter taste receptor is a
class of G protein-coupled receptors capable of sensing bitterness.
Initially, bitter taste receptor was thought to be only found in the
taste buds of the tongue, palate and throat. Recent research has shown
that in addition to the oral cavity, the bitter taste receptor is also
present in the intestinal tract, respiratory tract, urinary tract,
vascular smooth muscle, nervous system, thyroid gland and other tissues
and organs to regulate body homeostasis and resist disorders . In this
review, we focus on the effects of the bitter taste receptor outside the
oral cavity to lay the groundwork for future research.
Katika utafiti wa athari za kiakili za ladha ya uchungu, utafiti wa kiakili wa ladha ya uchungu unaonyesha kwamba ladha ya uchungu ni moja ya hisia za msingi za viumbe hai na inaweza kutambua ladha ya chumvi, uchungu, chumvi, tamu na umami. Kipokezi cha ladha ya uchungu ni darasa la vipokezi vilivyounganishwa na protini ya G vinavyoweza kuhisi uchungu. Mwanzoni, ilidhaniwa kwamba kichocheo cha ladha kali kinapatikana tu katika matumbo ya ladha ya ulimi, mdomo, na koo. Utafiti wa hivi karibuni umeonyesha kwamba, pamoja na utando wa mdomo, kichocheo cha ladha ya uchungu pia kinapatikana katika mfumo wa matumbo, njia za kupumua, njia za mkojo, misuli laini ya mishipa, mfumo wa neva, tezi ya tezi na tishu na viungo vingine ili kudhibiti homeostasis ya mwili na kukabiliana na matatizo. Katika utafiti huu, tunazingatia athari za kipokezi cha ladha kali nje ya shimo la mdomo ili kuweka msingi wa utafiti wa baadaye.