This article analyzes reforms in the standard of living and welfare of the country\'s population, and develops scientific conclusions and recommendations for further improving the living standards and welfare of the population.
In his Address to the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis, President Mirziyoyev noted that the economic policy of the country has been critically reconsidered, such as the pursuit of unrealistic figures, the presentation of unrealistic fantasies as reality. Practical efficiency, the human interest and, once again, the human interest have been identified as the main goals of the reforms .
In Uzbekistan, the term "standard of living" is more widely used to describe the level of satisfaction of material, spiritual and social needs of the population. This description is more of a standard of living. At the same time, living standards are a changing process that is influenced by many factors. Living standards are determined by the composition and level of needs for various goods that are constantly changing, on the other hand, by the ability to meet needs, the situation in the market of goods and services, the income of the population, the wages of workers. However, both the amount of wages and living standards depend on the level of efficiency of production and services, the level of scientific and technological development, the cultural and educational level and composition of the population, national characteristics, political power.
The term "lifestyle" was widely used in the 1970s and 1980s. In this case, the indicators of quality of life are expressed in terms of "lifestyle", and quantitative indicators in terms of "standard of living". There are also other terms and concepts that characterize the living standards of the population. The most detailed interpretation of living standards is as follows: living standards are a complex socio-economic category that reflects the level of development of physical, spiritual and social needs, the scale of satisfaction and the opportunities created to meet them. Such an interpretation allows for a more accurate expression of the quality and quantity of living standards.
The standard of living is determined by a system of indicators that gives an idea of ??a particular aspect of human (population) life. In order to obtain detailed information on living standards, it is necessary to study in depth the level of income and needs of the population, the level and composition of consumption, housing, property, cultural and household goods, etc.
Indicators are divided into the following categories: general and specific; economic and socio-demographic; objective and subjective; value and natural; quantity and quality; consumption proportion and composition indicators; statistics, etc.
Living standards are divided into general and specific types. General indicators include 1) national income; 2) consumer fund (products of industries directly directed to consumption); 3) per capita share of the national wealth consumption fund (accumulated consumer property - housing, cultural facilities, items). These indicators represent the general level of socio-economic development of a society. Specific indicators include 1) level and methods of consumption; 2) working conditions; 3) housing and amenities; 4) level of socio-cultural services; 5) conditions of upbringing of children; 6) social security and others. These indicators are related to social development, but are determined by specific groups of the population (workers), region, etc.
Economic indicators reflect the economic aspects of human and social life, the economic opportunities to meet needs. Economic indicators include indicators of economic development of a society and the level of well-being of each person (nominal and real incomes, employment, etc.). These indicators are inextricably linked to the reproduction of the labor force (population) and reveal its economic basis. This is especially evident in the share of income of the population and their differentiation.
Defined in the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan PF-5308 dated 22.01.2018 "On the State Program for the implementation of the action strategy in five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021 in the" Year of Active Entrepreneurship, Support of Innovative Ideas and Technologies " We will identify the most important tasks to improve the living standards of the population, including the construction of new roads, transport and logistics in order to create convenience for the population.
It is necessary to take measures to further develop the infrastructure, build and electrify new railways, and improve the quality of services provided. .
Q.H. Abdurahmonov, Sh.R. Kholmuminov's research describes the living standards of the population and provides theoretical information on how to improve it, including the level of living of the population, the provision of material and spiritual goods necessary for their livelihood and the level of satisfaction of people's needs with these goods. In the article, we make statistical analyzes based on this definition and develop appropriate conclusions and recommendations .
A. Olmasov's book "Fundamentals of Economics" provides several theoretical definitions of living standards and welfare, which are constantly changing, with the composition and level of needs for various goods, on the other hand, the ability to meet needs, market conditions, incomes, employment of workers. It contains proposals and recommendations to improve the living standards and welfare of the population .
In conclusion, we believe that in order to further improve the living standards and welfare of the population in our country, it is necessary to take into account the following:
1) Per capita income, structural changes in expenditures, consumption of basic foodstuffs and durable goods in addition to the provision of living conditions and standards, the provision of the population with comfortable and modern housing, the development and improvement of the living environment, the availability and efficiency of the necessary infrastructure, education in accordance with modern requirements and the use of health care;
2) Together with the results of the analysis of foreign experience, the development of the minimum consumption basket and subsistence in Uzbekistan;
3) In order to develop a consumer basket, it is necessary to take into account the following: demographic factors (size and structure of families, population structure and gender-age structure); socio-economic factors (actual consumption of food, non-food goods and services in families); the needs of the population of all groups, their income level; scientific recommendations on the minimum consumption volumes and the list of goods and services required for the protection of human health and vital activities; financial capacity of the state to ensure social protection of the population; real market prices for goods and services; experience of other countries.
 Address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev to the Senate and the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis. Tashkent. 2017y. 22.12.www.uza.uz.
 State Program of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5308 dated 22.01.2018 on the implementation of the Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021 in the \"Year of Active Entrepreneurship, Support of Innovative Ideas and Technologies\" Decree \"On
 Abdurahmonov Q.H., Kholmuminov Sh.R. \"Labor Economics and Sociology\". Tashkent - 2004.
 Olmasov A. \"Fundamentals of Economics\". T .: Labor - 1997.
Makala hii inachambua mageuzi katika kiwango cha maisha na ustawi wa idadi ya watu wa nchi, na kuendeleza hitimisho za kisayansi na mapendekezo ya kuboresha zaidi viwango vya maisha na ustawi wa idadi ya watu. Katika hotuba yake kwa Baraza la Sheria la Oliy Majlis, Rais Mirziyoyev alisema kuwa sera ya kiuchumi ya nchi imepitiwa kwa ukosoaji, kama vile kufuatilia takwimu zisizo za kweli, kuwasilisha ndoto zisizo za kweli kama ukweli. Ufanisi wa vitendo, maslahi ya binadamu na, tena, maslahi ya binadamu yametambuliwa kama malengo makuu ya mageuzi. Katika Uzbekistan, neno "kiwango cha maisha" hutumiwa sana kuelezea kiwango cha kuridhika kwa mahitaji ya vifaa, kiroho na kijamii ya idadi ya watu. Maelezo haya ni zaidi ya kiwango cha maisha. Wakati huohuo, viwango vya maisha ni mchakato wa kubadilika ambao unaathiriwa na mambo mengi. Viwango vya maisha huamuliwa na muundo na kiwango cha mahitaji ya bidhaa mbalimbali ambazo hubadilika daima, kwa upande mwingine, na uwezo wa kukidhi mahitaji, hali katika soko la bidhaa na huduma, mapato ya watu, na mishahara ya wafanyakazi. Hata hivyo, kiasi cha mishahara na viwango vya maisha hutegemea kiwango cha ufanisi wa uzalishaji na huduma, kiwango cha maendeleo ya kisayansi na kiteknolojia, kiwango cha kitamaduni na elimu na muundo wa idadi ya watu, sifa za kitaifa, nguvu za kisiasa. "Jina la ""lifestyle"" lilitumiwa sana katika miaka ya 1970 na 1980." Katika kesi hii, viashiria vya ubora wa maisha huonyeshwa katika suala la "mtindo wa maisha", na viashiria vya kiasi katika suala la "kiwango cha maisha". Pia kuna maneno na dhana nyingine ambazo hufafanua viwango vya maisha vya watu. "Ufafanuzi wa kina zaidi wa viwango vya maisha ni kama ifuatavyo: ""viwango vya maisha ni jamii tata ya kijamii na kiuchumi ambayo inaonyesha kiwango cha maendeleo ya mahitaji ya kimwili, kiroho na kijamii, kiwango cha kuridhika na fursa zilizotengenezwa ili kukidhi mahitaji hayo.""" Tafsiri kama hiyo inaruhusu usemi sahihi zaidi wa ubora na wingi wa viwango vya maisha. Kiwango cha maisha huamuliwa na mfumo wa viashiria ambayo hutoa wazo la? ? kipengele maalum cha binadamu (watu) maisha. Ili kupata habari ya kina juu ya viwango vya maisha, ni muhimu kujifunza kwa kina kiwango cha mapato na mahitaji ya watu, kiwango na muundo wa matumizi, nyumba, mali, bidhaa za kitamaduni na za nyumbani, na kadhalika. Kiashiria ni kugawanywa katika makundi yafuatayo: jumla na maalum; kiuchumi na kijamii-demographic; lengo na subjective; thamani na asili; wingi na ubora; matumizi uwiano na muundo viashiria; takwimu, nk. Viwango vya maisha vimegawanywa katika aina za jumla na maalum. "Hizi ni pamoja na: (1) mapato ya kitaifa; (2) matumizi ya fedha (matokeo ya viwanda moja kwa moja kwa matumizi); (3) sehemu ya mtu mmoja wa matumizi ya fedha ya kitaifa (mkusanyiko wa mali ya watumiaji - nyumba, vifaa vya kitamaduni, vitu).""" Viashiria hivi huwakilisha kiwango cha jumla cha maendeleo ya kijamii na kiuchumi ya jamii. "Hizi ni pamoja na: (1) kiwango na njia za matumizi; (2) hali ya kazi; (3) makazi na huduma; (4) kiwango cha huduma za kijamii na kitamaduni; (5) hali ya kulea watoto; (6) usalama wa kijamii na wengine. """ Viashiria hivi vinahusiana na maendeleo ya kijamii, lakini huamuliwa na vikundi maalum vya idadi ya watu (wafanya kazi), mkoa, nk. Viashiria vya kiuchumi huonyesha mambo ya kiuchumi ya maisha ya binadamu na kijamii, fursa za kiuchumi za kukidhi mahitaji. Viashiria vya kiuchumi ni pamoja na viashiria vya maendeleo ya kiuchumi ya jamii na kiwango cha ustawi wa kila mtu (mapato ya jina na halisi, ajira, nk). Viashiria hivi ni inextricably kushikamana na uzalishaji wa nguvu ya kazi (wakazi) na kufunua msingi wake wa kiuchumi. Hii ni hasa dhahiri katika sehemu ya mapato ya idadi ya watu na tofauti yao. "Kama ilivyoainishwa katika Amri ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Uzbekistan P-5308 ya 22.01.2018 ""Kuhusu Programu ya Jimbo ya Utekelezaji wa Mkakati wa Hatua katika Maendeleo ya Jamhuri ya Uzbekistan katika miaka ya 2017-2021 katika ""Ubunge wa Ujasiriamali wa Active, Msaada wa Mawazo ya Ubunifu na Teknolojia,"" Tutafafanua kazi muhimu zaidi za kuboresha viwango vya maisha ya watu, ikiwa ni pamoja na ujenzi wa barabara mpya, usafiri na vifaa." Ni muhimu kuchukua hatua za kuendeleza zaidi miundombinu, kujenga na umeme reli mpya, na kuboresha ubora wa huduma zinazotolewa. . Q.H. Abdurahmonov, Sh.R. Kholomov anaelezea viwango vya maisha ya watu na kutoa habari za kinadharia juu ya jinsi ya kuboresha, ikiwa ni pamoja na kiwango cha maisha ya watu, utoaji wa bidhaa za vifaa na kiroho muhimu kwa maisha yao na kiwango cha kuridhika kwa mahitaji ya watu na bidhaa hizi. Katika makala, sisi kufanya uchambuzi wa takwimu kulingana na ufafanuzi huu na kuendeleza hitimisho sahihi na mapendekezo. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika kitabu cha A. Olmasov ""Mazingira ya Uchumi,"" kiwango cha maisha na ustawi wa watu ni tofauti na mahitaji ya bidhaa mbalimbali, na uwezo wa kukidhi mahitaji, hali ya soko, mapato, ajira ya wafanyakazi." Ina mapendekezo na mapendekezo ya kuboresha viwango vya maisha na ustawi wa idadi ya watu. "Kwa hivyo, kwa sababu ya mahitaji ya hali ya juu ya uchumi, ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" ni ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" na ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" ni ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" na ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" ni ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" na ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" ni ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" na ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" ni ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" na ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" ni ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" na ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi"" ni ""mfano wa uchumi wa nchi.""" Hotuba ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev kwa Seneti na Baraza la Sheria la Oliy Majlis. Jiji la Tashkent. 2017 - 2017 - 2017 - 2017 - 2017 - 2017 - 2017 - 2017 - 2017 - 2017 - 2017 22 - U.S.A. - U.S.A. Programu ya Jimbo ya Rais wa Jamhuri ya Uzbekistan No. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika Azimio la Serikali ya Uzbekistan la tarehe 22.01.2018 ""Kuhusu utekelezaji wa Mkakati wa Vitendo kwa Maendeleo ya Jamhuri ya Uzbekistan kwa miaka 2017-2021 katika Mwaka wa Biashara ya Utendaji, Msaada wa Mawazo ya Ubunifu na Teknolojia,"" Rais wa Jamhuri ya Uzbekistan, Abdurrahmanov Q.H. Kholminov, alisema." "Uchumi wa Kazi na Sosholojia". Tashkent, 2004 Olmasov A. "Misingi ya Uchumi". T. Kazi: - 1997.