Palm Warblers are mostly brownish birds, with distinctive, yellow undertail coverts. They have small white corners on their tails that are visible in flight. Eastern birds are bright yellow below with rufous streaks on their breasts; western birds are lightly streaked and drabber in color. They have a dark eye-line through each eye. Adults in breeding plumage have rufous crowns and yellow throats.
Palm Warblers breed on the edges of boreal-forest bogs. During migration, when they are seen in Washington, they are usually found in hedgerows, thickets, and other edge habitats along the coast, often frequenting thickets of non-native Scots broom.
Outside of the breeding season, especially during migration, Palm Warblers may join mixed flocks. They are usually found fairly low, in the understory or on the ground. The almost constantly bobbing tail is an excellent field mark.
Palm Warblers eat mostly insects and also some berries.
Monogamous pairs typically nest on or near the ground. Nests off the ground are often located close to the trunk of small spruces. The female builds an open cup of grass and bark, and lines it with feathers. The nest is usually concealed by a clump of grass or sphagnum moss hummock. Both members of a pair may help incubate 4 to 5 eggs for about 12 days. They both feed the young. The young typically fledge at about 12 days and can fly short distances within a few days of fledging. Pairs generally raise two broods each year.
Palm Warblers migrate from their breeding grounds in northern Canada to their wintering grounds in the southeastern United States. It is during fall migration and early winter that they are most likely to be found in Washington.
Numbers appear to be stable. There are currently no major threats to Palm Warblers' habitats as most of their breeding range is remote, and they often winter in open and disturbed areas. They are fairly common within their normal range.
When and Where to Find in Washington
Palm Warblers are rare visitors in western Washington, mostly during the fall, where they are uncommon on the outer coast, especially near Ocean Shores (Grays Harbor County). They are considerably more rare in Puget Sound, although one Palm Warbler wintered at the Union Bay Natural Area in Seattle (King County) in 2001.
Washington Range Map
North American Range Map
- Blue-winged WarblerVermivora pinus
- Golden-winged WarblerVermivora chrysoptera
- Tennessee WarblerVermivora peregrina
- Orange-crowned WarblerVermivora celata
- Nashville WarblerVermivora ruficapilla
- Northern ParulaParula americana
- Yellow WarblerDendroica petechia
- Chestnut-sided WarblerDendroica pensylvanica
- Magnolia WarblerDendroica magnolia
- Cape May WarblerDendroica tigrina
- Black-throated Blue WarblerDendroica caerulescens
- Yellow-rumped WarblerDendroica coronata
- Black-throated Gray WarblerDendroica nigrescens
- Black-throated Green WarblerDendroica virens
- Townsend's WarblerDendroica townsendi
- Hermit WarblerDendroica occidentalis
- Blackburnian WarblerDendroica fusca
- Yellow-throated WarblerDendroica dominica
- Prairie WarblerDendroica discolor
- Palm WarblerDendroica palmarum
- Bay-breasted WarblerDendroica castanea
- Blackpoll WarblerDendroica striata
- Black-and-white WarblerMniotilta varia
- American RedstartSetophaga ruticilla
- Prothonotary WarblerProtonotaria citrea
- OvenbirdSeiurus aurocapilla
- Northern WaterthrushSeiurus noveboracensis
- Kentucky WarblerOporornis formosus
- Mourning WarblerOporornis philadelphia
- MacGillivray's WarblerOporornis tolmiei
- Common YellowthroatGeothlypis trichas
- Hooded WarblerWilsonia citrina
- Wilson's WarblerWilsonia pusilla
- Yellow-breasted ChatIcteria virens
|Federal Endangered Species List
|Audubon/American Bird Conservancy Watch List
|State Endangered Species List
|Audubon Washington Vulnerable Birds List
Ndege hao ni wa rangi ya kahawia, na wana manyoya ya manjano. Wana pembe ndogo nyeupe kwenye mkia wao ambazo huonekana wanapokuwa wakiruka. Ndege wa mashariki ni wa rangi ya manjano yenye kung'aa chini na mistari ya rangi nyekundu kwenye matiti yao; ndege wa magharibi wana mistari nyembamba na rangi ya kijivu. Wana mstari mweusi wa macho kupitia kila jicho. Watu wazima katika manyoya ya uzazi wana taji la rangi ya manjano na koo la rangi ya manjano. Ndege aina ya palm warblers huzaliana kwenye kingo za mabwawa ya misitu ya kaskazini. Wakati wa uhamiaji, wakati wao ni kuonekana katika Washington, wao ni kawaida kupatikana katika hedgerows, thickets, na makazi mengine makali kando ya pwani, mara nyingi mara kwa mara thickets ya non-asili Scots broom. Nje ya majira ya kuzaliana, hasa wakati wa uhamiaji, ndege hao wanaweza kujiunga na makundi ya wanyama wengine. Kwa kawaida hupatikana chini sana, chini ya ardhi au ardhini. Mkia unaozunguka-zunguka mara nyingi ni alama nzuri sana ya uwanja. Wanyama hao hula hasa wadudu na pia matunda fulani. Kwa kawaida, jozi za wanyama wanaofanya ndoa moja hufanya viota vyao ardhini au karibu na ardhi. Mara nyingi viota vyao viko karibu na shina la miti midogo ya spruce. Mwanamke hujenga kikombe kilicho wazi cha nyasi na magamba, na kukifunika manyoya. Kwa kawaida kiota hicho hufichwa na rundo la nyasi au mwani wa sphagnum. Mwili wa ndege hao wawili huchukua mayai 4 hadi 5 kwa muda wa siku 12. Wote wawili huwalisha watoto. Watoto huanza kuvuja siku 12 hivi na wanaweza kuruka umbali mfupi baada ya siku chache tu. Kwa kawaida wanandoa hao huzaa watoto wawili kila mwaka. Ndege hao huhama kutoka maeneo yao ya kuzaliana kaskazini mwa Kanada hadi maeneo yao ya kukaa majira ya baridi kali kusini-mashariki mwa Marekani. Ni wakati wa uhamiaji wa vuli na mapema wakati wa majira ya baridi kali ambapo huenda wakapatikana zaidi huko Washington. Idadi hiyo inaonekana kuwa thabiti. Kwa sasa hakuna vitisho vikubwa kwa makazi ya Palm Warblers kwani sehemu kubwa ya eneo lao la kuzaliana ni mbali, na mara nyingi hupita majira ya baridi katika maeneo ya wazi na yaliyovurugika. Wao ni wa kawaida sana ndani ya kiwango chao cha kawaida. Wakati na Mahali pa Kupata Wanyama wa Mti wa Mtende ni wageni wa nadra katika magharibi mwa Washington, hasa wakati wa vuli, ambapo wao ni nadra katika pwani ya nje, hasa karibu na Pwani ya Bahari (Gray Harbor County). Mnyama huyo ni wa kawaida sana katika eneo la Puget Sound, ingawa mnyama mmoja wa aina ya Palm Warbler aliishi katika eneo la Union Bay Natural Area huko Seattle (King County) mwaka wa 2001. Washington, DC, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani.