Xenobiotics Related Animal Reproductive Alterations
Xenobiotics are chemicals found in an organism but they are not normally produced or expected to be present in it. Pollution of the environment and contamination of animals is serious problem in many countries. Target of this study was to estimate the effects of various environmental factors on structure and function of animal reproductive organs. In ovaries cadmium causes decrease of the relative volume of growing follicles and the number of atretic follicles is significantly increased. The most frequent ultrastructural alterations are undulation of nuclear membrane, dilatation of perinuclear cistern and endoplasmic reticulum. Various alterations were also found in the relative volume and follicular antrum formation. In testes, the administration various xenobics (Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg, Co) results in undulation of basal membrane, dilatation of blood vessels in interstitium and occurrence of empty spaces in germinal epithelium. Decreased relative volume of germinal epithelium, increased relative volume of interstitium and increased apoptosis occurrence suggests damaged interstitium and revealed occurrence of oedema was the most significant change. In vitro studies confirm dose– and time–dependent decrease of spermatozoa motility and alterations of cell membrane integrity.
Keywords: Xenobiotics, Impact, Health, Reproduction
Xenobiotics ni kemikali zinazopatikana katika viumbe lakini hazizaliki kwa kawaida au zinatarajiwa kuwapo ndani yake. Uchafuzi wa mazingira na uchafuzi wa wanyama ni tatizo kubwa katika nchi nyingi. Lengo la utafiti huu lilikuwa kukadiria athari za mambo mbalimbali ya mazingira juu ya muundo na kazi ya viungo vya uzazi wa wanyama. Katika ovari, cadmium husababisha kupungua kwa kiasi cha kiasi cha follicles zinazokua na idadi ya follicles atretic huongezeka kwa kiasi kikubwa. Mabadiliko ya ultrastructural ya mara kwa mara ni undulation ya utando wa nyuklia, dilatation ya perinuclear cistern na reticulum endoplasmic. Mabadiliko mbalimbali pia yalipatikana katika kiasi cha jamaa na malezi ya antrum follicular. Katika testicles, utawala mbalimbali xenobics (Cd, Pb, Ni, Hg, Co) matokeo katika undulation ya utando basal, dilatation ya mishipa ya damu katika interstitium na kutokea kwa nafasi tupu katika epithelium germinal. Kupungua kwa kiasi cha epithelium ya kijani, kuongezeka kwa kiasi cha interstitium, na kuongezeka kwa apoptosis, zinaonyesha kwamba interstitium iliharibiwa na kufunuliwa kwa edema ilikuwa mabadiliko muhimu zaidi. Mafunzo ya in vitro yanathibitisha kupungua kwa dozi na wakati wa motility ya spermatozoa na mabadiliko ya uadilifu wa utando wa seli. Maneno muhimu: Xenobiotics, Athari, Afya, Uzazi