You’ll craft the equivalent of a 3-page, double-spaced counterargument in which you’ll counter one of the pathological effects of the artifact you analyzed in the previous assignment. The goal of this assignment is restorative: your aim is to redress some aspect of your artifact’s wounding effects in rhetoric’s sensorium. You’ll also complete and include a description of your rhetorical goals for the assignment.
We typically understand “counterargument” to mean an argument explicitly crafted to oppose another argument: its claims, its evidence, or both. That is not what we’ll mean by it here. Your goal will be neither to explicitly refute the claims and evidence offered in the original artifact nor to persuade its author of your own position. The artifact will be your inspiration, but your response will not be constrained by the artifact’s context or frame. Consider this a moment of invention and intervention. You may opt to not mention the original artifact at all; your audience will not be the author of the original artifact, either, but a broader community who may be moved to take up a different way of thinking and responding that might also be restorative.
You have already analyzed your artifact’s pathological effects and how it produces them. Your aim in this assignment is to find a way to begin to creatively undo them. So again: what you’ll be countering is one of the pathological effects of your original artifact. If your artifact reinforced the stickiness of negative emotions with certain bodies, for example, you may produce a response that aims to “unstick” them. If your artifact erased certain histories or ignored perspectives that would, if they were given voice, undermine the artifact’s injurious claims from the inside, you might give voice to those histories or perspectives.
You may, if necessary, artfully correct any factual inaccuracies in the original artifact, but your goal is not simply to hammer home “the facts,” as if logos and pathos were discrete rhetorical appeals. Your goal is to offer a restorative response that undoes some aspect of the us/them border inscribed in the original artifact so that “rhetoric’s sensorium” is again affirmed. Your appeals should be thoughtful and moving, designed to undo violent appropriations without neglecting to address the affective network in which they take place.
Description of rhetorical goals
Before you begin crafting your counterargument, respond to the following prompts, in order, to describe what it will aim to do, how it will do it, and for whom. You’ll attach this description to the end of your counterargument when you upload it to Canvas:
- Identify the pathological effect (from your original artifact) that your counterargument will counter.
- Identify your audience. Who do you want to talk to, to move? It may or may not include the audience of the original artifact, but it will be broader than that one.
- Determine the form your counterargument will take (an op-ed, a blog post, the transcript for a speech or a podcast, etc.) and the forum it’s designed for (a community gathering, a specific blog or social media site, a specific newspaper, etc.). Make sure the forum is a good way to reach the audience you most hope to reach.
- Articulate how your essay will counter the pathological effect you specified, including what feelings it will aim to stir.
"Utafanya sawa na ""mjadala wa kurudia"" wa kurasa tatu, ambapo utapinga moja ya athari za ugonjwa wa kiumbe ulichochanganua katika kazi ya awali." Lengo la mgawo huu ni kurekebisha: lengo lako ni kurekebisha baadhi ya kipengele cha athari za kuumiza za chombo chako katika sensorium ya hotuba. Pia utamaliza na kujumuisha maelezo ya malengo yako ya usemi kwa ajili ya mgawo. Kwa kawaida tunaelewa <unk>mjadala wa kupinga<unk> kumaanisha hoja iliyoundwa waziwazi kupinga hoja nyingine: madai yake, ushahidi wake, au zote mbili. Hiyo si nini sisi itabidi maana na hapa. Lengo lako halitakuwa kupinga waziwazi madai na ushahidi unaotolewa katika kiumbe cha awali wala kumshawishi mwandishi wake juu ya msimamo wako mwenyewe. Artifact itakuwa msukumo wako, lakini majibu yako hayatakuwa vikwazo na artifact ya muktadha au frame. Fikiria wakati huu wa uvumbuzi na uingiliaji. Unaweza kuchagua kutotaja kiumbe cha awali kabisa; wasikilizaji wako hawatakuwa mwandishi wa kiumbe cha awali, lakini jamii pana ambayo inaweza kuhamishwa kuchukua njia tofauti ya kufikiri na kujibu ambayo inaweza pia kuwa ya kurudisha. Tayari umechanganua athari za ugonjwa wa chombo chako na jinsi inavyozalisha. Lengo lako katika kazi hii ni kupata njia ya kuanza kwa ubunifu kuondoa yao. Kwa hiyo tena: kile utakuwa kukabiliana ni moja ya athari pathological ya artifact yako ya awali. Kama chombo chako kuimarishwa stickiness ya hisia hasi na miili fulani, kwa mfano, unaweza kuzalisha majibu ambayo inalenga "unstick" yao. Ikiwa kiumbe chako kiliondoa historia fulani au kukosa mtazamo ambao, ikiwa wangepatiwa sauti, wangepunguza madai ya uharibifu wa kiumbe kutoka ndani, unaweza kutoa sauti kwa historia hizo au mtazamo. Unaweza, ikiwa ni lazima, kwa ustadi kurekebisha makosa yoyote ya ukweli katika kiumbe cha awali, lakini lengo lako si tu kubisha nyumbani <unk> ukweli, <unk> kana kwamba logos na pathos walikuwa rufaa za wazi za usemi. Lengo lako ni kutoa majibu ya kurudisha ambayo huondoa sehemu fulani ya mpaka wa sisi-wao ulioandikwa katika kipande cha awali ili "sensorium ya hotuba" ithibitishwe tena. Maombi yako yanapaswa kuwa ya kufikiri na ya kusonga, yaliyokusudiwa kuondoa matumizi ya vurugu bila kupuuza kushughulikia mtandao wa kihisia ambao hufanyika. Maelezo ya malengo ya rhetorical Kabla ya kuanza crafting counterargument yako, kujibu maelekezo yafuatayo, ili kuelezea nini itakuwa lengo la kufanya, jinsi itafanya hivyo, na kwa ajili ya nani. Utaunganisha maelezo haya mwishoni mwa hoja yako ya kupinga unapoiweka kwenye Canvas: - Tambua athari ya ugonjwa (kutoka kwa kiumbe chako cha awali) ambayo hoja yako ya kupinga itapinga. - Tambua watazamaji wako. Unataka kuzungumza na nani, kuhamia? Inaweza au haiwezi kujumuisha watazamaji wa kiumbe cha awali, lakini itakuwa pana kuliko hiyo. - Kuamua fomu ya hoja yako ya kukabiliana itachukua (op-ed, chapisho la blogi, maandishi ya hotuba au podcast, nk.) na jukwaa ni iliyoundwa kwa ajili ya (kukusanyika jamii, maalum blog au tovuti ya vyombo vya habari vya kijamii, maalum gazeti, nk). Hakikisha jukwaa ni njia nzuri ya kufikia watazamaji unatarajia kufikia zaidi. - Kueleza jinsi insha yako itakavyopinga athari ya ugonjwa uliyotaja, kutia ndani hisia ambazo itakusudia kuchochea.