Saucebacks' placement among binucleids is as follows:
The general phylogeny of saucebacks, with additional species for context, is shown here.
†: Taxon is extinct
AnatomySaucebacks are bipedal, and all extant saucebacks have feathers. Though many appear to have a neck, this is technically a proboscis--the carapace on the back, also known as the "sauce", is also the top of the braincase and therefore part of the head (see cephalic segment).
The inside of a sauceback's mouth, known as the oral ring, is lined with teeth, the largest pair of which--the "tusks"--being mobile and serving as jaws. Inside the oral ring are the teeth which line the inside of the mouth, which are also mobile and are used in mastication. The number of teeth a sauceback has, including its tusks, directly corresponds to the number of nostrils it has, as the two are directly tied in development. The teeth and nostrils are also developmentally tied to the scent line, similar to a mammal's milk line. The scent line encircles the oral ring. It isn't necessarily a straight line, but you'll always be able to draw an invisible line to connect all the nostrils without crossing over itself.Saucebacks have lungs in their tails which serve for active respiration. They breathe out of four or five pairs of spiracles on their tail or back, which may be located close to the sauce or much further back. The nostrils are not used for breathing, instead merely being scent pits which are not connected to the lungs. Though the first four or five postpelvic vertebral segments, consisting of the relatively large pulmonary vertebrae and the respiratory system, are commonly referred to as part of the tail, technically speaking the tail only consists of the much smaller and more flexible segments after these, which also aren't present in all saucebacks.
The legs of modern saucebacks, apart from the biats, are pillar-erect, meaning that rather than fitting diagonally into a closed socket on the side of the pelvis like the legs of mammals or dinosaurs, the entire limb is anatomically like a pillar holding up the body, via a structure called the "architrabis" protruding from the pelvis (not to be confused with the acetabulum, which is actually a rigid joint connecting the ischium to the rest of the pelvis but serves as the hip socket in murkworms and in extinct non-dromeodont saucebacks). In biats, the head of the femur bends to fit into a closed socket instead as an adaptation for flight. In all descendants of the tusked sauceback, part of the hip girdle is formed from an internalized limb segment. In living species, the limbs are biramous--that is, they branch, forming a cloven hoof instead of the single hoof ancestral to the group.
Saucebacks have two types of vertebrae which evolved completely independently of one another. The tail vertebrae exist in all beastworms. The neck vertebrae are not homologous with these, having developed to hold up the previously soft tissue-based neck-proboscis.
Saucebacks will sometimes appear to have larger heads than they "should"--that is, proportionally larger than the head of a terran vertebrate in a similar ecological niche. This is due to the shape of their skull--as it consists of a rigid ring, saucebacks can only swallow food that fits through it, and as they can't expand it and their ability to chew is limited, having a larger head is the simplest solution. The exception is latrotheriid waxfaces, which are able to expand their skulls to swallow large prey.
Skeleton of a modern sauceback. Artwork by Evolution.
Musculature. Artwork by Evolution.
Though commonly colored white in diagrams for visual clarity, sauceback bones are actually black due to sclerotin, which gives them their hardness.
Full Skeleton Overview
Modern saucebacks have a number of bones.
- Cephalopelvis: A structure consisting of the sauce bone, the pubis, and the ischium. This serves as the pelvis and partially as a ribcage, as the pubis bows outwards to make room for organs. The brain is contained within the cephalopelvis, right at the front near where it meets the neck.
- Pubis: Provides muscle attachments for the legs which helps to hold them in a vertical posture.
- Ischium: Provides muscle attachment to pull the leg back while walking or running. It is technically an internalized first limb segment that has been fused to the cephalopelvis.
- Gastralia: Not technically part of the cephalopelvis, these serve to protect the abdomen, similar to ribs.
- Skelos: The collection of bones which make up the entire leg.
- Femur: Roughly analogous to a tetrapod's femur. It fits into an open ball socket joint above it on the cephalopelvis, rather than bending to slot into a hole, which is why non-biat saucebacks are described as having a pillar-erect posture.
- Tibia: Second segment of the leg, connected to the femur by the knee joint (which is a hinge). Some saucebacks also have a kneecap.
- Tarsus and metatarsus: The bones making up the "foot". The tarsus is connected to the tibia by a hinge, and the metatarsus is connected to the tarsus by a rigid (non-moving) joint called the "albert joint".
- Phalanges: These are the segments of the toes, connected to the metatarsus by a saddle and to one another by hinges.
- Ungual: The final phalange of each toe, connected by a hinge joint. The hoof is sheathed over this bone.
- Pulmonary vertebrae: These are the large segments which correspond directly to the microlungs. Most saucebacks have 4, some have 5. A pair of microlungs develops in each of these segments. Saucebacks rarely reduce their number, as fewer microlungs would mean less oxygen entering their bloodstream.
- Postpelvic gastralia: Attachment points for the muscles involved in breathing, they also help protect the lungs.
- Caudal vertebrae: Additional segments past the pulmonary vertebrae form the true tail, which is primarily used for balance. These may vary in number.
- Tail spike: In some saucebacks, this corresponds to an external sheath of chitin which protects the tail tip.
- Cervical vertebrae: Provide support for the neck. They may vary in number.
- Oral ring / skull: Contains the teeth and provides muscular support for the mandibles.
- Teeth: Aid in shredding food as it enters the mouth, these can wiggle back and forth. They may vary in number.
- Mandibles: Enlarged teeth used for biting, function as the jaws. These open and close side-to-side and have some up-and-down motion which varies between species.
Saucebacks do not have tetrapod-like anatomy, so they have a different set of locations that can be targeted by predators or by prey defending themselves.
- Chest: Unlike tetrapods, saucebacks have their digestive system on the front end of their body cavity.
- A sufficiently powerful strike to a sauceback's chest can potentially rupture its intestines.
- A slicing attack, if it gets through their gastralia, is guaranteed to disembowel.
- Tail: The first few segments from the base of the tail contain the sauceback's entire respiratory system.
- A strike to the base of the tail or suddenly yanking the tail sideways can knock the wind out of a sauceback, as the lungs are contained within.
- If the spine is broken at the base of the tail, the sauceback's lungs will be paralyzed and it will suffocate.
- Neck: Saucebacks do not automatically die from a broken neck, however it is nonetheless still a weak point for different reasons.
- Breaking the neck will instantly blind the sauceback, as its ears or eyes no longer have communication with its brain. The mouth may still involuntarily flex and bite and respond to visual information, but it will lack proper direction from the brain.
- Hip/Back: The sauceback's brain is contained within the hip girdle.
- A strike to the sauce plate (above the legs in plateless species) can stun or cause a concussion.
- Legs: Saucebacks are obligate bipeds. Breaking a leg is a death sentence in larger species unless they have a pack to take care of them.
As a very diverse group which has claimed a myriad of disparate niches in both past and present, saucebacks are highly variable in behavior, ranging from highly social to strictly solitary, from active and persistent to sluggish and lazy, and from clever and innovative to dumb as rocks.
Saucebacks have historically been fairly intelligent among Sagan 4's fauna, though like many other groups, they seemingly never accomplished tool use worth mention until after the ice age. Among modern groups, waxfaces, loafshells, and harnessbacks seem to be the most intelligent, with the former two having species that exhibit tool use and the latter including a species that herds livestock.
Not all species can be described as smart, however. Shrewbacks in particular are often quite lacking in intelligence.
Breathing & Blood
Saucebacks breathe actively using 4 or 5 pairs of microlungs along the flank of the tail that are designed to take in oxygen. The ancestor of the saucebacks had pores all over the body. Saucebacks have an iron based blood, which makes it red.
Some saucebacks have developed unidirectional lungs through fusion of the microlungs. Such a system is beneficial to saucebacks with highly oxygen-demanding lifestyles, similar to the evolution of unidirectional lungs in Terran birds, monitor lizards, and grasshoppers. An example of a living sauceback with unidirectional lungs is the sausophrey, which has only two pairs of spiracles--one for inhaling and the other for exhaling.
Diet & EnergySaucebacks eat using a toothy radial mouth. Modern ones have tusk-like jaws in front of the tooth ring to grab their prey, but there used to be ones who had four jaws to bite. While saucebacks were ancestrally carnivorous hunters of large game, many modern species are omnivorous or even herbivorous.
Some saucebacks will consume large amounts of chitinous flora to help build their skeletons. However, this is not a requirement for all species.
As endotherms, exceptionally small saucebacks have fairly high metabolisms and must eat very often.
The saucebacks all evolved from the first sauceback, the golden sauceback. They quickly split into two lineages, vicious saucebacks (descended from the vicious sauceback) and what would eventually become modern saucebacks (descended from the leaping sauceback). At the time, Sagan 4 had two continents; vicious saucebacks lived on Glicker, while the ancestors of modern saucebacks lived on Wright.
In general, vicious saucebacks showed little diversity early on, while the ancestors of modern saucebacks diverged into many forms. The tusked sauceback, which elongated a pair of teeth and internalized its first limb segment, evolved in the Flischian period, and it gave rise to a handful of dead-end branches such as the twin-tailed saucebacks and aquatic swimming saucebacks. It also gave rise to the feathered sauceback--an active, warm-blooded species which would go on to produce many descendants.
When the gamma-ray burst occurred during the Martykian period, it wiped out all but two species, those being the falsequill sauceback and the long eared sauceback. The falsequill sauceback would produce a small number of descendants, mainly burrowing ambush predators, but diversity of its lineage continued to be fairly low. The long eared sauceback, on the other hand, continued its ancestral tend of diversification. One descendant, the cleaner sauceback, was the first sauceback with cloven hooves--and the last common ancestor of all modern saucebacks. The other immediate descendant, the dark sauceback, would give rise to the beach sauceback--the first sauceback to develop any form of photoreception.
When the ice comet struck in the Raptorian period, all remaining vicious saucebacks went extinct. However, the smaller feathered saucebacks continued to thrive. The beach sauceback would give rise to scorpion saucebacks and dagger saucebacks (descendants of scorpion sauceback and four dagger sauceback, respectively). Meanwhile, the cleaner sauceback and its descendants would go on to produce three major groups: polar saucebacks (descendants of snow sauceback), larvabacks (descendants of the false-larva sauceback), and waxfaces (descendants of the waxface). Larvabacks and waxfaces are more closely related to one another than to snow saucebacks, sharing a common ancestor--the foi-devourer sauceback. While snow saucebacks were simply basal cold-adapted saucebacks, the larvabacks are neotenous marine creatures while the waxfaces had internalized all their exposed carapace to protect them from chitinase.
When Sagan 4 entered its snowball event in the Bloodian period, only the snow saucebacks, waxfaces, scorpion saucebacks, and larvabacks would survive. Scorpion saucebacks notably went through a radiation of forms utilizing mimicry. However, scorpion saucebacks would go on to be wiped out by the solar flare that followed at the start of the Masonian period. Waxfaces saw a radiation on Jaydoh, where they were isolated, and they nearly became extinct due to rising sea levels; however, they were ultimately survived by the Pirate Waxface, which followed its prey out to sea. This leaves larvabacks, waxfaces, and snow saucebacks as the current living sauceback groups.
Meanwhile, snow saucebacks, survived by the glacial sauceback, had managed to become global during the snowball event and diverged into a huge variety of new forms all over the planet once the ice receded. In fact, it holds the current record for most immediate descendants of any species of sauceback. Among its immediate descendants, the Masonian period saw the rise of megatusk saucebacks (descendants of the megatusk sauceback), which have enlarged tusks and later beaked trunks; and loafshells (descended from the loafshell), which have a segmented carapace, venom, and tridactylism.
Later descendants into the Blargian period would produce more major groups, including harnessbacks (descendants of the harnessback), which have a more advanced respiratory system protected by enlarged back plates and even produced an eyed descendant; and Hagloxes (descendants of the haglox), which are very large muscular herbivores as well as the largest saucebacks to ever live.
Even more new groups would appear in the Bonoian period, such as shrewbacks (descendants of the Shrew Sauceback), which are very small and have high metabolisms like Terran shrews; and ornitheres (a subgroup of harnessbacks descended from brighteyes), maniraptor-like and sometimes flighted saucebacks with shining "eyestrils". From the latter, flighted bird-like ornitheres, dubbed "biats," diversified considerably throughout the late Bonoian and into the Huckian, rapidly establishing themselves in Sagan 4's ecosystem.
The vast majority of saucebacks are obligate bipeds, though a handful of species have evolved tripedalism using their tails as a third leg. Most living species walk on cloven hooves, and some are capable of flight using integumentary, bird-like wings.
The first saucebacks had no toes and their limbs were capped with a single hoof bearing cleat-like protrusions. The ancestors of modern saucebacks simplified this into a horse-like hoof, while the now-extinct vicious saucebacks elaborated the cleats into clawed toes. Technically, modern saucebacks have no toes either; rather, their limbs are biramous, meaning that the limb itself branched to form the cloven hoof.
The legs of living saucebacks would seem to resemble digitigrade or unguligrade dinosaur hindlimbs, but what's going on internally is quite different. Ancestral saucebacks had an additional limb segment that is not apparent in modern forms; this was internalized and modified beyond recognition to form the part of the hip girdle which projects and curves backwards to provide muscular support for the "femur". This segment was external and articulated in vicious saucebacks, which is what causes their limbs to appear "backwards" compared to modern saucebacks. Additionally, unlike dinosaurs, saucebacks have pillar-erect limbs--that is, instead of bending sideways to fit into a socket, the femur connects perpendicularly to a horizontal protrusion of the hip, acting quite literally like a pillar to hold up the body.
Diversity of sauceback locomotion:
Stride Sauceback, a typical bipedal cursorial sauceback
Sanashi, a tripedal sauceback which walked on its tail
Sausophrey, a flying sauceback
Kuraimingaku, an arboreal sauceback which uses its jaws and tail to help it climb
Dixon Finback, a secondarily aquatic sauceback which swims with a left-right undulation of its tail
Saucetea, an extinct secondarily aquatic sauceback which swam with an up-down undulation of its tail
Dune Sauceback, an extinct sauceback which had a sprawling posture and "swam" through sand dunes
Reproduction and Development
Most saucebacks are sexual reproducers, they have two sexes, and lay eggs. Some species have a larval form; ancestrally this resembles a grub and bears a complete exoskeleton, similar to ancestral thornworms, but more derived species have larvae which resemble legless, featherless adults. Several species have specialized their larvae for different lifestyles, and some have even lost the larval stage altogether, instead hatching as developed chicks. With no exception, sauceback larvae breathe air just like their parents, though a handful of species have aquatic larvae regardless. Some saucebacks are ovoviviparous.
The eggs of saucebacks are more similar to those of insects than to those of vertebrates. The earliest saucebacks had to lay their eggs somewhere moist, such as underground or in a carcass. However, somewhere along the way, the ancestors of modern saucebacks evolved a serosa, which secretes a chitinous desiccation-resistant cuticle, or shell, over the egg. While this was lost in the line leading up to larvabacks and waxfaces, it is present in most other saucebacks.
Saucebacks with larvae grow in a gradual metamorphosis, changing from larval form to adult form over time, and do not pupate. Even in species with precocial non-larval young, there can sometimes be considerable differences between juveniles and adults; for example, falcophrey chicks cannot fly and megalosheh chicks are bipedal. Some saucebacks, such as waxfaces, produce milk to feed their young.
Ancestrally, saucebacks' primary sense is echolocation. They usually have large ears. Most non-ornitherian saucebacks have a very strong sense of smell. They typically use this to seek out prey from long distances. To smell, they have moist olfactory pits or "nostrils" around the mouth.
Saucebacks almost universally lack eyes, though their ring of nostrils is commonly mistaken for them. There are exceptions, however, which have been sharply rising in prominence.
- The hearthead actually converted its nostrils into pinhole eyes by adding dark light-sensing pigments to the inside, making it the first species where the "nostrils" really are eyes.
- The Lipped Sauceback and the Kuraimingaku also evolved "eyestrils" independently of the hearthead. In both cases they only dedicated one or two pairs of their nostrils into visual information.
- A group of extinct saucebacks descended from the beach sauceback had an infrared-receptor on the forehead.
- The long extinct Sauceback Hunter had developed an organ on top of their heads that allowed them to detect the heat of prey that was close to them, but it poorly developed and only worked at close range.
Modern saucebacks cannot taste sugar.
Saucebacks have ranged from 9 m Long all the way down to 3 cm Long.
There are two extant classes of sauceback, the dromeodonts and the ornitheres. The dromeodonts are further divided into the neodromeodonts and the metaverms. The phylogeny of each major group is as follows:
*As is visible in this tree, ornitheres are technically well-nested within the neodromeodonts. They are classed separately due to their dramatic divergence in appearance and anatomy.
Loafshells (order Panemverma) are often venomous saucebacks descended from the loafshell with distinct downwards-pointing jaws and segmented, "loaf-like" shells. A spur on the back of the foot is elaborated into a third toe in some species.
Harnessbacks (order Placopulmonates) are descendants of the harnessback which have chitinous ceres around their spiracles which provide support for their lungs, granting them more stamina than other saucebacks.
Beaked saucebacks (Order Tateatama) are descendants of the Sanashi which, as their name implies, have massive jaws used like a mobile version of an elephant's tusks. Many species are also armored and have long mouths tipped with specialized teeth that function as beaks.
Shrewbacks (family Vermisoricidae) are descendants of the Shrew Sauceback which are small and, as adults, have high metabolisms, much like Terran shrews. Their ectothermic larvae are among the most independent of any living saucebacks.
Logworms (order Labiliverma) are saucebacks with fleeting adult stages, instead living most of their life as larvae.
Fourmaws (order Quattuorgnatha) are an offshoot of logworms which, peculiarly, regained a long-living adult form--and re-evolved jaws from scratch.
Outside of the neodromeodonts, there are the metaverms (subclass Metaverma), which all share an aquatic or aquatic-adapted larval form which bears hair-like snorkel structures and shelless eggs which must be kept moist, such as by being laid in water. While the neodromeodonts evolved aquatic larvae independently, only the Metaverma have the snorkels.
Waxfaces (order Cryptosagmatia) are saucebacks descended from the waxface which lack any external chitinous plates, even walking on padded feet instead of hooves. Their namesake feature is the production of wax which covers their faces and jaws, allowing them to feed on organisms which use chitinase as a defense. Living species also use their wax to waterproof their feathers.
The ornitheres are a visually distinct lineage descended from brighteyes which have evolved mirror eyes derived from their nostrils. In terms of cladistics, they are technically neodromeodonts, but are separated due to their specialized anatomy and lifestyle leaving them irreversibly unrecognizable as saucebacks. Some species are capable of flight. More information on their various subgroups can be found on their overview page.
Vicious saucebacks (class Hesperognatha), sometimes misleadingly referred to as jawed saucebacks, were basal ectothermic saucebacks descended from the Vicious Sauceback which had four jaws, as opposed to the two found in tusked saucebacks. They died out as a result of the ice comet impact event.
Scorpion saucebacks (family Scorpiotheridae) were single-hoofed saucebacks descended from the Scorpion Sauceback which evolved biramous limbs independently of true double-hoofed saucebacks. They killed prey with their tails, which were arched over their backs like the tail of a scorpion. They died out at the end of the snowball event.
Dagger saucebacks (family Mucronisagmatidae) were descendants of the Four Dagger Sauceback which used their jaws and extensions of their sauce plate as blades and impaled their prey on them to kill them. They died out as a result of the snowball event.
Two-tailed saucebacks (family Dicaudatheriidae) were basal tusked saucebacks descended from the Two-Tailed Sauceback which, as their name implied, had two tails. They were wiped out by the gamma ray burst.
The types shown here technically still have living descendants, but they have deviated so strongly from their extinct ancestors that they are no longer regarded as the same type.
Featherless Tusked Saucebacks
Single-Hoofed Feathered Saucebacks
The basal featherless tusked saucebacks (order Manioraliformes) descended from the Tusked Sauceback lacked the feather covering of their living descendants. These basal forms became extinct as a result of the gamma ray burst.
Single-hoofed feathered saucebacks (order Plumatheriformes) descended from the Feathered Sauceback lacked the biramous limbs of later groups. This basal grade became extinct at the end of the snowball event.
- For a time, Sauceback clones were very common in Spore-based worldbuilding projects.
- Saucebacks have been subject to a great amount of misinterpretation compared to other lineages.
- It is very common for the nostrils around the face to be misinterpreted as eyes. The "eyestrils" of the hearthead are a light-hearted reference to this phenomenon.
- As a result of a woefully inaccurate skeletal diagram being added to this very page, for a time it became extremely common for saucebacks to be misinterpreted as having completely toothless mouths apart from immobile tusks. Some extant branches, such as hagloxes, are still afflicted by the lingering effects of this misinterpretation.
- Beastworm: "the beastworm has developed an internal support structure made of the same material the old, very hard shells were."
- Krikrees#Anatomy: "Although the bones are colored white in these diagrams for clarity, the bones of krikrees--and all other saucebacks--are actually black, due to sclerotin."
- Sanashi: "Over time the tail evolved into a 3rd foot and now when walking they have a tripod walk."
- Just how are sauceback eggs, really? - thread on the Sagan 4 forum by Disgustedorite, posted on Jan 23 2021
- Falcophreys: "Quite unlike the birds of prey they resemble, their young are able to run soon after birth, allowing them to escape from predators, though they cannot yet fly."
- Megalosheh: "Young legged Megaloshehs are cursorial and bipedal, able to sprint deeper into the herd at any sign of danger"
- Hearthead: "The insides of its nostrils are lined with dark light-sensitive pigment, which allow it to detect light and shadow; in combination with the 3d shape of its nostrils and how many nostrils it has, this allows it to detect a blurry monochrome image so that it may navigate around obstacles and locate its babies without echolocating, as long as it is in daylight."
- Brighteyes: "As there was no way to develop a lens without closing off its scenting capability, it took a completely different approach to improving its eyesight. The back of each eyestril is reflective and directs the light towards a light-sensitive patch in the front, and direct stretching and squashing of the entire eyestril allows it to focus as though it were a lens."
- Lipped Sauceback: "It has also gained pinhole eyes derived from two of its scent pits, convergent with the unrelated Hearthead"
- Kuraimingaku: "In a similar manner to the lipped sauceback, the kuraimingaku evolved pinhole eyes from four of its scent pits."
- Beach Sauceback: ". It has also developed a simple, light-sensitive patch on it's forehead for hunting that detects light in the infrared range."
- Sauceback Hunter: "In order to get an advantage on its prey, it has begun to develop a very basic heat sensing organ on its forehead. Currently this organ is completely useless unless it's close to its prey, but that's enough for the organism to keep the enhancement and pass it on to further generations."
- Krikrees#Hunting_and_Foraging: "They cannot taste sugar, as like all modern saucebacks their ancestors had been hypercarnivores that lost that ability"
Sausebacks 'kuwekwa kati ya binucleids ni kama ifuatavyo: The jumla phylogeny ya saucebacks, na spishi za ziada kwa muktadha, ni kuonyeshwa hapa. †: Taxon ni extinct AnatomySaucebacks ni bipedal, na saucebacks wote zilizopo na manyoya. Ingawa wengi wanaonekana kuwa na shingo, hii ni kiufundi proboscis - carapace juu ya nyuma, pia inajulikana kama "sausage", pia ni juu ya braincase na kwa hiyo sehemu ya kichwa (tazama sehemu ya cephalic). Sehemu ya ndani ya mdomo wa mnyama anayeitwa saucerback, inayoitwa pete ya mdomo, ina meno, ambayo "meno" yake makubwa zaidi ni ya kuhamahama na hutumika kama taya. Ndani ya pete ya mdomo kuna meno ambayo hufunika sehemu ya ndani ya mdomo, ambayo pia ni ya kusonga na hutumiwa katika kutafuna. Idadi ya meno ya Sauceback, ikiwa ni pamoja na meno yake, inalingana moja kwa moja na idadi ya pua zake, kwani zote mbili zimeunganishwa moja kwa moja katika maendeleo. Meno na pua pia huunganishwa na mstari wa harufu, sawa na mstari wa maziwa ya mamalia. Mstari wa harufu huzunguka pete ya mdomo. Kwa mfano, unaweza kuunganisha pua na pua kwa njia ya mstari usioonekana, lakini kwa njia ya pua, pua inaweza kuunganisha pua zote bila kuvuka. Wao hupumua kutoka kwa jozi nne au tano za spiracles kwenye mkia wao au nyuma, ambayo inaweza kuwa karibu na mchuzi au mbali zaidi nyuma. Pua hazitumiwi kwa kupumua, badala yake ni mashimo ya harufu ambayo hayaunganishwi na mapafu. Ingawa sehemu nne au tano za kwanza za uti wa mgongo wa baada ya kiuno, ambazo zina viungo vikubwa vya mapafu na mfumo wa kupumua, kwa kawaida huitwa sehemu ya mkia, kwa kweli mkia una sehemu ndogo na rahisi zaidi baada ya hizi, ambazo pia hazipo katika saucebacks zote. Miguu ya sausages ya kisasa, mbali na biats, ni nguzo-erect, maana kwamba badala ya kufaa diagonally katika socket imefungwa upande wa pelvis kama miguu ya mamalia au dinosaurs, sehemu nzima ni anatomically kama nguzo kushikilia mwili, kupitia muundo aitwaye "architabulus" protruding kutoka pelvis (si kuwa kuchanganyikiwa na acetabulum, ambayo ni kweli ngumu pamoja kuunganisha ischium kwa sehemu nyingine ya pelvis lakini hutumika kama socket hip). Katika viumbe wa aina hiyo, kichwa cha mfupa wa mguu hujipinda ili kiingie katika mfupa uliofungwa badala yake ili kuweza kuruka. Katika wazao wote wa saucerback yenye meno, sehemu ya ukanda wa kiuno hufanyizwa kutokana na sehemu ya kiungo cha ndani. Katika spishi zilizo hai, viungo ni biramous - yaani, wao tawi, kuunda cloven hoof badala ya moja hoof babu kwa kundi. Saucebacks wana aina mbili za uti wa mgongo ambao ulibadilika kabisa bila kutegemea. Vipande vya mkia vipo katika minyoo wote wa wanyama. Mviringo wa shingo si sawa na hizi, baada ya kuendeleza kushikilia hapo awali laini tishu-msingi shingo-proboscis. Saucebacks wakati mwingine itaonekana kuwa na vichwa vikubwa kuliko "wanapaswa" - ambayo ni, kwa uwiano kubwa kuliko kichwa cha terran vertebrate katika niche sawa ya ikolojia. Hii ni kwa sababu ya umbo la fuvu lao - kama lina pete ngumu, saucepack inaweza kumeza chakula tu kinachofaa kupitia, na kama hawawezi kupanua na uwezo wao wa kutafuna ni mdogo, kuwa na kichwa kikubwa ni suluhisho rahisi. Tofauti na hao ni wanyama wanaoitwa latrotheriid waxfaces, ambao wanaweza kupanua fuvu la kichwa chao ili kumeza mawindo makubwa. Mifupa ya mchuzi wa kisasa. Mchoro wa Evolution. Misuli ya mwili. Mchoro wa Evolution. Ingawa kwa kawaida huonyeshwa rangi nyeupe katika michoro ili kueleweka, mifupa ya sausage ni nyeusi kwa sababu ya sclerotin, ambayo huwapa ugumu wao. Maelezo ya Jumla ya Mifupa Saucebacks ya kisasa ina mifupa kadhaa. - Cephalopelvis: Muundo unaojumuisha mfupa wa mchuzi, pubis, na ischium. Hii hutumika kama pelvis na kwa sehemu kama ribcage, kama pubis bowes nje ya kufanya nafasi kwa ajili ya viungo. Ubongo uko ndani ya kichwa cha kiuno, mbele kabisa karibu na mahali unapoungana na shingo. -Pubis: Hutoa vifungo vya misuli kwa miguu ambayo husaidia kushikilia katika msimamo wima. - Ischium: Hutoa kiunganishi cha misuli kuvuta mguu nyuma wakati wa kutembea au kukimbia. Kimsingi ni sehemu ya ndani ya kiungo cha kwanza ambacho kimesambazwa na cephalopelvis. - Gastralia: Si sehemu ya cephalopelvis, hizi hutumika kulinda tumbo, sawa na mbavu. - Skelos: Mkusanyiko wa mifupa ambayo hufanyiza mguu mzima. - Femur: Karibu sawa na femur ya tetrapod. Ni inafaa katika wazi mpira socket pamoja juu yake juu ya cephalopelvis, badala ya bending kwa slot katika shimo, ambayo ni kwa nini non-biat saucebacks ni ilivyoelezwa kama kuwa na nguzo-erect msimamo. - Tibia: Sehemu ya pili ya mguu, iliyounganishwa na femur na kiungo cha goti (ambayo ni hinge). Baadhi ya mchuzi huo pia una kifuniko cha goti. - Tarsus na metatarsus: Mifupa inayofanyiza "mguu". Tarsus inaunganishwa na tibia kwa hinge, na metatarsus inaunganishwa na tarsus kwa kifungo kigumu (kisichoweza kusonga) kinachoitwa "kiungo cha Albert". - Phalanges: Hizi ni sehemu za vidole vya miguu, zilizounganishwa na metatarsus kwa kiti na kwa kila mmoja kwa hinges. - Ungual: Phalange ya mwisho ya kila kidole cha miguu, iliyounganishwa na kiungo cha hinge. Mguu huo umefunikwa juu ya mfupa huu. - vertebrae pulmonary: Hizi ni sehemu kubwa ambayo inalingana moja kwa moja na microlungs. Saucebacks nyingi zina 4, zingine zina 5. Viungo viwili vya mapafu madogo hutokea katika kila sehemu hiyo. Saucebacks mara chache hupunguza idadi yao, kwa kuwa viungo vichache vya mapafu vinge maana oksijeni kidogo ikiingia kwenye mtiririko wao wa damu. - Postpelvic gastralia: Vituo vya kushikamana kwa misuli inayohusika katika kupumua, pia husaidia kulinda mapafu. - Sehemu za ziada za uti wa mgongo: Sehemu za ziada zilizopita uti wa mgongo wa mapafu hufanyiza mkia wa kweli, ambao hutumiwa hasa kwa usawaziko. Idadi ya watu hao inaweza kutofautiana. - mkia spike: Katika baadhi saucebacks, hii inalingana na shell nje ya chitin ambayo inalinda mkia ncha. - Mviringo wa shingo: Husaidia shingo. Huenda idadi yao ikatofautiana. - Oral pete fuvu la kichwa: Ina meno na hutoa msaada wa misuli kwa mandibles. - Meno: Husaidia kupasua chakula kinapoingia kinywani, yanaweza kutikisika mbele na nyuma. Huenda idadi yao ikatofautiana. - Mandibles: Meno yaliyopanuliwa yanayotumiwa kuumwa, yanafanya kazi kama taya. Hizi kufungua na kufunga upande-kwa-upande na kuwa na baadhi ya juu-na-chini mwendo ambayo hutofautiana kati ya spishi. Saucebacks hawana anatomy ya tetrapod, kwa hivyo wana seti tofauti ya maeneo ambayo yanaweza kulengwa na wawindaji au na mawindo kujilinda. - Kifua: Tofauti na tetrapods, saucebacks wana mfumo wao wa kumeng'enya chakula kwenye sehemu ya mbele ya shimo la mwili wao. - Mshtuko wenye nguvu vya kutosha kwenye kifua cha saucerback unaweza kuvunja matumbo yake. - Shambulio la kukata, ikiwa linaingia kupitia gastralia yao, ni uhakika wa kupasua matumbo. - Mkia: Sehemu chache za kwanza kuanzia sehemu ya chini ya mkia zina mfumo wote wa kupumua wa saucerback. - Kushambulia msingi wa mkia au kuvuta mkia upande kwa ghafula kunaweza kuondoa upepo kutoka kwenye mchuzi, kwa kuwa mapafu yako ndani yake. - Ikiwa uti wa mgongo umevunjika kwenye msingi wa mkia, mapafu ya saucerback yatazimia na itazimia. - Shingo: Saucebacks si moja kwa moja kufa kutoka shingo kuvunjwa, hata hivyo bado ni hatua dhaifu kwa sababu tofauti. - Kuvunja shingo kwaweza kumfanya mnyama huyo awe kipofu mara moja, kwa kuwa masikio au macho yake hayatawasiliana tena na ubongo wake. Mkojo unaweza kugeuka na kuuma bila kukusudia na kujibu habari za kuona, lakini hautakuwa na mwelekeo sahihi kutoka kwa ubongo. - Mgongo: Ubongo wa mnyama huyo uko ndani ya mshipi wa kiuno. - Mshtuko kwenye sahani ya mchuzi (juu ya miguu katika spishi zisizo na sahani) waweza kuangusha au kusababisha mshtuko wa ubongo. - Miguu: Saucebacks ni bipeds lazima. Kuvunja mguu ni hukumu ya kifo kwa spishi kubwa isipokuwa kama wana kundi la wanyama wa kuwatunza. Kama kundi tofauti sana ambalo limedai idadi kubwa ya niches tofauti katika wakati uliopita na sasa, Saucebacks ni tofauti sana katika tabia, kuanzia kijamii sana hadi peke yake, kutoka kwa kazi na ya kudumu hadi ya polepole na mvivu, na kutoka kwa busara na ubunifu hadi bubu kama miamba. Saucebugs wamekuwa kihistoria akili kabisa miongoni mwa wanyama wa Sagan IV, ingawa kama makundi mengine mengi, wao inaonekana kamwe kukamilika zana matumizi ya thamani ya kutaja mpaka baada ya Ice Age. Kati ya makundi ya kisasa, waxfaces, loafshells, na harnessbacks zinaonekana kuwa na akili zaidi, na mbili za kwanza zina spishi ambazo zinaonyesha matumizi ya zana na ya mwisho ikiwa ni pamoja na spishi ambayo hufuga mifugo. Hata hivyo, si spishi zote zinazoweza kuelezwa kuwa zenye akili. Mara nyingi, hasa shrewbacks hawana akili ya kutosha. Saucebacks hupumua kwa kutumia jozi nne au tano za microlungs kwenye upande wa mkia ambao umebuniwa kuchukua oksijeni. Mzee-mzazi wa sausebacks alikuwa na pores kotekote mwilini. Saucebacks zina damu yenye msingi wa chuma, ambayo hufanya iwe nyekundu. Baadhi ya wanyama hao wamepata mapafu yenye mwelekeo mmoja kwa kuunganisha mapafu madogo. Mfumo kama huo ni wenye manufaa kwa saucebacks wenye mtindo wa maisha unaohitaji oksijeni sana, sawa na mageuzi ya mapafu ya unidirectional katika ndege wa Terran, nyigu wa ufuatiliaji, na nzige. Mfano wa mnyama anayeitwa sauseback mwenye mapafu yenye mwelekeo mmoja ni mnyama anayeitwa sausophrey, ambaye ana viungo viwili tu vya mwili - kimoja cha kuingiza hewa na kingine cha kutoa hewa. Chakula na NishatiSaucebacks kula kwa kutumia mdomo radial toothy. Nyakati za kisasa, wanyama hao wana taya kama za nywele mbele ya pete ya meno yao ili kukamata mawindo yao, lakini zamani kulikuwa na wale waliokuwa na taya nne za kuuma. Ingawa zamani wanyama hao walikula nyama na kuwinda wanyama wakubwa, sasa wanyama wengi wanaokula kila kitu au hata mimea. Baadhi ya wanyama hao hutumia kiasi kikubwa cha mimea ya kitini ili kusaidia kujenga mifupa yao. Hata hivyo, si kila spishi inayohitaji kufanya hivyo. Kwa kuwa wao huishi ndani ya mwili, wao huwa na kimetaboliki ya juu sana na lazima walie mara nyingi sana. Saucebacks zote zilibadilika kutoka sauceback ya kwanza, sauceback ya dhahabu. Punde si punde, waligawanyika katika jamii mbili, jamii ya vicious saucebacks (waliotokana na jamii ya vicious sauceback) na jamii ya saucebacks ya kisasa (waliotokana na jamii ya leaping sauceback). Wakati huo, Sagan 4 alikuwa na mabara mawili; Saucebacks mbaya waliishi kwenye Glicker, wakati mababu wa Saucebacks ya kisasa waliishi kwenye Wright. Kwa ujumla, saucepacks mbaya zilionyesha utofauti mdogo mapema, wakati mababu wa saucepacks za kisasa zilitofautiana katika aina nyingi. Saucebacks ya misuli, ambayo iliongeza meno yake na kuingiza sehemu ya kwanza ya viungo vyake, ilibadilika katika kipindi cha Flyschian, na ilitoa matawi machache ya mwisho kama vile Saucebacks ya mkia wa mbili na Saucebacks ya kuogelea ya maji. Pia ilitokeza saucerback yenye manyoya - spishi yenye nguvu, yenye damu ya joto ambayo ingeendelea kuzaa wazao wengi. Mlipuko wa miale ya gamma uliotokea wakati wa kipindi cha Martykian, ulifuta spishi zote isipokuwa mbili, zile zilizoitwa falsequill sauceback na long-eared sauceback. Sauceback ya falsequill ingezalisha idadi ndogo ya wazao, hasa wawindaji wa ambush, lakini utofauti wa ukoo wake uliendelea kuwa wa chini sana. Kwa upande mwingine, samaki aina ya saucerback mwenye masikio marefu aliendelea na zoea lake la kale la kugawanya wanyama. Mzao mmoja, Sauceback safi, alikuwa Sauceback kwanza na viatu cleven - na babu wa mwisho wa kawaida wa Sauceback wote wa kisasa. Mzao mwingine wa moja kwa moja, mnyama-mwitu mweusi, angetokeza mnyama-mwitu wa pwani - mnyama-mwitu wa kwanza kuendeleza aina yoyote ya uwezo wa kupokea picha. Kometi ya barafu ilipogonga katika kipindi cha Raptorian, wanyama wote wa aina ya saucebacks waliobaki walikufa. Hata hivyo, ndege wadogo wenye manyoya waliendelea kusitawi. Sauceback ya pwani ingesababisha saucebacks ya scorpion na saucebacks ya dagger (watoto wa sauceback ya scorpion na sauceback nne za dagger, kwa mtiririko huo). Wakati huohuo, sausage safi na wazao wake wangeendelea kutokeza vikundi vikuu vitatu: sausage za polar (wazao wa sausage ya theluji), sausage za larva (wazao wa sausage ya larva bandia), na waxfaces (wazao wa waxface). Larvabacks na waxfaces ni karibu zaidi kuhusiana na kila mmoja kuliko theluji saucebacks, kushiriki babu ya kawaida - foi-devourer sauceback. Wakati sausages ya theluji walikuwa tu sausages za msingi zilizobadilishwa baridi, larvae ni viumbe vya baharini vya neotenous wakati waxfaces walikuwa na carapace yao yote iliyofunuliwa ili kuwalinda kutoka kwa chitinase. Wakati Sagan 4 aliingia katika tukio lake la theluji katika kipindi cha Bloody, tu theluji saucebacks, waxfaces, scorpion saucebacks, na larvae wangedumu. Saucebacks Scorpion hasa akaenda kupitia mionzi ya fomu kutumia mimicry. Hata hivyo, sausages za scorpion zingeendelea kuangamizwa na mlipuko wa jua uliofuata mwanzoni mwa kipindi cha Masonic. Waxfaced walionekana katika Jaydah, ambapo walikuwa wametengwa, na karibu wakatoweka kutokana na kuongezeka kwa viwango vya bahari; hata hivyo, waliondoka na Pirate Waxface, ambayo ilifuata mawindo yake baharini. Hilo huacha larvabacks, waxfaces, na saucebacks za theluji zikiwa vikundi vya sasa vya sauceback. Wakati huo huo, sausages za theluji, zilizookoka na sausages za barafu, zilifanikiwa kuwa za ulimwengu wakati wa tukio la mpira wa theluji na kutofautiana katika aina nyingi za aina mpya kote duniani mara tu barafu ilipopungua. Kwa kweli, yeye ndiye mwenye rekodi ya sasa ya kuwa mzao wa karibu zaidi wa spishi yoyote ya saucerback. Katika kipindi cha Masonic, sausages ya Megatusk (watoto wa sausages ya Megatusk) waliibuka, ambao walikuwa na nywele kubwa na baadaye walikuwa na mifupa ya mdomo; na loafshells (watokana na loafshell), ambao walikuwa na carapace iliyogawanywa, sumu, na tridactylism. Baadaye, katika kipindi cha Blargian, wazao wa jamii kubwa zaidi waliibuka, ikiwa ni pamoja na harnessbacks (wazao wa harnessbacks), ambao wana mfumo wa kupumua wa hali ya juu zaidi, uliohifadhiwa na sahani za nyuma zilizopanuliwa, na hata wazao wenye macho; na Hagloxes (wazao wa haglox), ambao ni wanyama wakubwa sana wenye misuli na pia hawakuwa na maisha. Katika kipindi cha Bonoi, makundi mapya zaidi yalianza kuonekana, kama vile shrewbacks (watoto wa Shrew Sauceback), ambao ni wadogo sana na wana metabolism ya juu kama shrew Terran; na ornitheres (kikundi kidogo cha harnessbacks waliotokana na bright-eyed), maniraptor-kama na wakati mwingine sawsed flightbacks na "eyestrils" mkali. "Kutoka kwa ndege, ndege aina ya Ornitherae, waliitwa ""biats,"" walienea sana katika kipindi cha mwisho cha Bonoian na Huckian, na haraka kujiweka katika mazingira ya Sagan IV." Wanyama hao wengi wana miguu miwili, ingawa baadhi ya spishi zimetumia mkia wao kama mguu wa tatu. Spishi nyingi zilizo hai hutembea kwa miguu iliyogawanyika, na baadhi yao wanaweza kuruka kwa kutumia mabawa yanayofanana na ya ndege. Saucebacks za kwanza hazikuwa na vidole vya miguu na viungo vyao vilikuwa na kifuniko kimoja cha miguu kilichofanana na kifuniko cha miguu. Mababu wa Saucebacks ya kisasa walifanya hivyo kwa kutumia manyoya ya farasi, huku Saucebacks wa zamani waliotoweka sasa wakifanya hivyo kwa kutumia vidole vya miguu vyenye makucha. Kwa kweli, sausages za kisasa hazina vidole vya miguu; badala yake, viungo vyao ni vya biramous, ikimaanisha kwamba viungo vyenyewe vimegawanyika ili kufanyiza paa lililogawanyika. Miguu ya dinosaur ya Saucebacks inaonekana kuwa sawa na miguu ya nyuma ya dinosaur ya digitigrade au unguligrade, lakini kile kinachoendelea ndani ni tofauti kabisa. Saucebacks ya kale ilikuwa na sehemu ya ziada ya kiungo ambayo haionekani katika aina za kisasa; hii ilibadilishwa ndani na kubadilishwa zaidi ya kutambuliwa ili kuunda sehemu ya ukanda wa kiuno ambao unaonyesha na curves nyuma ili kutoa msaada wa misuli kwa "femur". Sehemu hii ilikuwa ya nje na articulated katika sausebacks vicious, ambayo ni nini husababisha viungo yao kuonekana "nyuma" ikilinganishwa na saucebacks ya kisasa. Kwa kuongezea, tofauti na dinosaurs, saucebacks zina viungo vilivyoinuka kama nguzo - yaani, badala ya kuinama upande mmoja ili kufanana na soketi, femur huunganisha perpendicularly kwa protrusion ya usawa ya kiuno, ikifanya kazi kabisa kama nguzo ya kushikilia mwili. Sauceback ni aina ya mnyama anayeitwa Sausage, ambaye ni mnyama wa aina ya Sausage, ambaye ni mnyama wa aina ya Sausage, ambaye ni mnyama wa aina ya Sausage, ambaye ni mnyama wa aina ya Sausage, ambaye ni mnyama wa aina ya Sausage, ambaye ni mnyama wa aina ya Sausage. Baadhi ya spishi zina umbo la mabuu; kwa asili hii inafanana na grub na hubeba exoskeleton kamili, sawa na mbegu za mbegu za mbegu, lakini spishi zaidi zinazotokana na mabuu zina mabuu ambayo yanafanana na watu wazima wasio na miguu, wasio na manyoya. Spishi kadhaa zimebuni mabuu yao kwa ajili ya maisha tofauti, na baadhi yao hata wamepoteza hatua ya mabuu kabisa, badala yake kuanguliwa kama vifaranga maendeleo. Bila ubaguzi, mabuu ya saucerback hupumua hewa kama wazazi wao, ingawa aina chache zina mabuu ya majini bila kujali. Baadhi ya wanyama hao huishi kwenye mayai. Mayai ya sausebacks yanafanana zaidi na yale ya wadudu kuliko yale ya wanyama wenye uti wa mgongo. Mnyama huyo wa kwanza alilazimika kuweka mayai yake mahali penye unyevunyevu, kama vile chini ya ardhi au ndani ya mnyama aliyeuawa. Hata hivyo, wakati fulani, mababu wa mayai ya kisasa walifanyiza chembe ya serosa, ambayo hutokeza kifuniko cha kifuniko kinachoweza kukabiliana na kukauka, au kifuniko, juu ya yai. Ingawa hii ilipoteza katika mstari unaoongoza hadi larvabacks na waxfaces, iko katika saucepacks nyingine nyingi. Saucebacks na mabuu kukua katika metamorphosis hatua kwa hatua, kubadilisha kutoka larval fomu kwa fomu ya watu wazima kwa muda, na si pupate. Hata katika spishi zenye watoto wa mapema, wakati mwingine kuna tofauti kubwa kati ya vijana na watu wazima; kwa mfano, vifaranga vya falcophrey haviwezi kuruka na vifaranga vya megaloshes ni bipedal. Baadhi ya wanyama hao, kama vile wale wanaoitwa waxfaces, hutoa maziwa ili kuwalisha watoto wao. Kwa kawaida, hisia ya msingi ya saucebacks ni echolocation. Kwa kawaida huwa na masikio makubwa. Sausages nyingi zisizo za Ornitherian zina hisi ya kunusa yenye nguvu sana. Kwa kawaida wao hutumia njia hiyo kutafuta mawindo yao kutoka mbali. Ili kunusa, wana mashimo ya kunusa yenye unyevunyevu au "pembe za pua" kuzunguka kinywa. Karibu kila mahali, sausebacks hawana macho, ingawa kwa kawaida pete yao ya pua huonwa kimakosa kuwa macho. Hata hivyo, kuna mambo fulani ambayo yamekuwa yakiongezeka sana. "Kama vile, ""Hearthead"" alibadilisha pua yake kuwa macho ya pinhole kwa kuongeza rangi nyeusi za kugundua mwanga ndani, na kuifanya kuwa spishi ya kwanza ambapo pua ni macho." - Lipped Sauceback na Kuraimingaku pia walibadilisha "macho" bila kujali moyo. Katika visa vyote viwili walitumia tu pande moja au mbili za pua zao katika habari za kuona. - Kikundi cha saucebacks zilizokufa zilizotoka sauceback pwani alikuwa na infrared-receptor juu ya paji la uso. "Wanajamii wa Sauceback Hunter walikuwa na ""kiungo"" juu ya vichwa vyao ambacho kilikuwa kinawawezesha kugundua joto la mawindo yaliyo karibu nao, lakini kilikuwa kimeendelea vibaya na kilifanya kazi tu kwa umbali wa karibu." Vyakula vya kisasa haviwezi kuonja sukari. Saucebacks ni aina ya aina ya mimea ambayo inaweza kufikia urefu wa mita 9 hadi sentimita 3 kwa urefu. Kuna makundi mawili ya wanyama wanaoitwa sauceback, dromeodonts na ornitheres. Dromeodonts pia imegawanywa katika neodromeodonts na metaverms. Phylogeny ya kila kundi kubwa ni kama ifuatavyo: * Kama inavyoonekana katika mti huu, ornitheres ni kiufundi vizuri nested ndani ya neodromeodonts. Wao ni classified tofauti kutokana na tofauti yao ya kuvutia katika kuonekana na anatomy. Loafshells (nambari Panemverma) ni mara nyingi sumu saucebacks alishuka kutoka loafshell na tofauti chini-kuelekeza taya na segmented, "loaf-kama" shells. Mchoro ulio nyuma ya mguu hufanyizwa kuwa kidole cha tatu cha mguu katika spishi fulani. Harnessbacks (Order Placopulmonates) ni wazao wa harnessbacks ambao wana ceres chitinous karibu na spiracles zao ambazo hutoa msaada kwa mapafu yao, kuwapa nguvu zaidi kuliko saucebacks nyingine. Sausages ya beaked (Order Tateatama) ni wazao wa Sanashi ambao, kama jina lao linavyodokeza, wana taya kubwa zinazotumiwa kama toleo la simu la meno ya tembo. Spishi nyingi pia zina silaha na vinywa virefu vyenye meno ya pekee yanayofanya kazi kama mdomo. Shrewbacks (familia Vermisoridae) ni wazao wa Shrew Sauceback ambayo ni ndogo na, kama watu wazima, kuwa na metabolism ya juu, sana kama Terran shrews. Mabuu yao yasiyo na joto la hewa ni miongoni mwa mabuu ya kipekee zaidi kati ya mabuu yoyote ya kiumbe hai. Mimea ya mbao (daraja la Labiliverma) ni mimea ya mviringo yenye hatua za kukomaa za muda mfupi, badala yake huishi maisha yao mengi kama mabuu. Fourmaws (amri Quattuorgnatha) ni tawi la logworms ambayo, peculiarly, regained muda mrefu kuishi fomu ya watu wazima - na re-evolved taya kutoka mwanzo. Nje ya neodromodont, kuna metaverm (subclass Metaverma), ambayo yote kushiriki maji au maji-kuendana larval fomu ambayo hubeba nywele-kama snorkel miundo na shellless mayai ambayo lazima kuhifadhiwa unyevu, kama vile kwa kuweka katika maji. Ingawa neodromeodonts walibadilika kuwa mabuu ya majini kwa kujitegemea, ni Metaverma tu walio na snorkels. Wax-faced (Order Cryptosagmatia) ni saucepacks descended kutoka wax-faced ambayo hawana yoyote ya nje platinated sahani, hata kutembea juu ya padded miguu badala ya hooves. Mnyama huyo hufanyiza umbo la nta ambayo hufunika nyuso na taya zake, na hivyo huweza kula viumbe vinavyotumia chitinase kama kinga. Spishi zilizo hai pia hutumia nta yao ili kuzuia manyoya yao yasivumie maji. Ornitheres ni ukoo tofauti wa kuona uliotokana na brighteyes ambayo imebadilika macho ya kioo yanayotokana na pua zao. Kwa upande wa cladistics, wao ni kiufundi neodromeodonts, lakini ni kutenganishwa kutokana na anatomy yao maalumu na mtindo wa maisha kuacha yao irreversibly unrecognizable kama saucebacks. Baadhi ya spishi hizo zinaweza kuruka. Maelezo zaidi juu ya makundi yao mbalimbali yanaweza kupatikana kwenye ukurasa wao wa muhtasari. Saucebacks (hesperoid) ni aina ya Saucebacks ya msingi ya ectothermic iliyotokana na Saucebacks ya Vicious ambayo ilikuwa na taya nne, kinyume na mbili zilizopatikana katika Saucebacks ya tusked. Walipoteza uhai wao kwa sababu ya mgongano wa kometi ya barafu. Scorpion Saucebacks (familia ya Scorpiotheridae) walikuwa sausebacks moja-hoofed alishuka kutoka Scorpion Sauceback ambayo ilibadilika biramous viungo kujitegemea ya kweli mbili-hoofed saucebacks. Waliua mawindo yao kwa mikia yao, ambayo ilikuwa imepindika juu ya migongo yao kama mkia wa nge. Walikufa mwishoni mwa tukio la mpira wa theluji. Sausage ya Dagger (familia ya Mucronisagmatidae) ni mzao wa Sauceback ya Dagger ya 4 ambayo hutumia taya zao na upanuzi wa sahani yao ya mchuzi kama blades na kuingiza mawindo yao juu yao ili kuwaua. Walipoteza uhai wao kwa sababu ya tukio la theluji. Saucebacks mbili-mwiba (familia Dicaudatheriidae) walikuwa basal tusked saucebacks descended kutoka Sauceback mbili-mwiba ambayo, kama jina lao ilionyesha, alikuwa na mikia miwili. Waliangamizwa na mlipuko wa miale ya gamma. Aina zilizoonyeshwa hapa bado zina wazao walio hai, lakini wametoka kwa nguvu sana kutoka kwa mababu zao waliopotea hivi kwamba hawaoniwi tena kama aina ileile. Saucebacks ya Tusked (Manioraliformes) ya msingi ya Saucebacks ya Tusked haikuwa na manyoya ya wazao wao walio hai. Aina hizo za msingi zilibaki zikiwapo kwa sababu ya mlipuko wa miale ya gamma. Sausebacks zenye manyoya ya kipepeo (ndio aina ya Plumatheriformes) zilizotokana na Sauseback yenye manyoya hazikuwa na viungo vya biramous vya vikundi vya baadaye. Kiwango hiki cha msingi kilitoweka mwishoni mwa tukio la theluji. - Kwa muda, Sauceback clones walikuwa kawaida sana katika miradi ya kujenga dunia kulingana na Spore. - Saucebacks wamekuwa chini ya kiasi kikubwa cha tafsiri mbaya ikilinganishwa na nasaba nyingine. - Ni jambo la kawaida sana kwa mashimo ya pua kuzunguka uso kueleweka kimakosa kuwa macho. "Macho" ya kichwa cha moyo ni kumbukumbu ya furaha ya jambo hilo. "Kwa sababu ya mchoro wa mifupa usio sahihi sana ulioongezwa kwenye ukurasa huu, kwa muda fulani ikawa jambo la kawaida sana kwa sausacks kueleweka vibaya kuwa na vinywa visivyo na meno kabisa mbali na meno yasiyoweza kusonga.""" Baadhi ya matawi yaliyobaki, kama vile hagloxes, bado yanaathiriwa na athari za muda mrefu za tafsiri hiyo isiyofaa. - Beastworm: "mnyama-mwitu ameendeleza muundo wa msaada wa ndani uliofanywa kwa nyenzo ile ile ya zamani, magamba ngumu sana yalikuwa". - Krikrees #Anatomy: " Ingawa mifupa ni rangi nyeupe katika michoro hii kwa uwazi, mifupa ya krikrees - na saucepacks nyingine zote - ni kweli nyeusi, kutokana na sclerotin. " "Sanashi: ""Kwa muda mkia ulibadilika kuwa mguu wa tatu na sasa wanapotembea wana miguu mitatu.""" - Je, mayai ya mchuzi ni ya aina gani, kwa kweli? "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Sagan 4"" ya Disgusted, iliyochapishwa Januari 23, 2021, Falcophagus: ""Kupingana na ndege wa kuwinda wanaofanana, watoto wao wanaweza kukimbia mara tu baada ya kuzaliwa, na hivyo kuepuka wawindaji, ingawa hawawezi kuruka." "Megalocheh: ""Megalocheh wenye miguu midogo ni wa haraka na wa miguu miwili, na wanaweza kukimbia ndani ya kundi kwa ishara yoyote ya hatari."" - Hearthead: ""Vituo vyake vya ndani vimefunikwa na rangi nyeusi ya mwanga, ambayo inaruhusu kugundua mwanga na kivuli; pamoja na umbo la 3d la pua zake na jinsi alivyo na pua nyingi, hii inaruhusu kugundua picha ya monochrome ili iweze kuzunguka vizuizi na kupata watoto wake bila echolocation." "Brigitteyes: ""Kwa kuwa hakukuwa na njia ya kuendeleza lensi bila kufunga uwezo wake wa harufu, ilichukua mbinu tofauti kabisa ya kuboresha maono yake." Sehemu ya nyuma ya kila kiwambo cha jicho huonyesha na kuelekeza mwanga kuelekea sehemu ya mbele inayoweza kuonekana kwa mwangaza, na kupanua na kukandamiza kiwambo chote cha jicho huwezesha kiwambo hicho kukazia fikira kama kioo." "Kutokana na maumbile ya ""pinhole"" ya macho ya mnyama huyo, ambayo ni sawa na ya mnyama wa aina ya Kurayama, mnyama huyo amepata macho ya mnyama wa aina ya Kurayama." - Sauceback ya Pwani: ". Pia, ina sehemu rahisi ya paji la uso inayoweza kugundua mwangaza katika mawimbi ya infrared." Sauceback Hunter: Ili kupata faida juu ya mawindo yake, imeanza kuendeleza chombo cha msingi sana cha kuhisi joto kwenye paji la uso wake. "Kwa sasa, kiungo hiki hakina faida isipokuwa kiwe karibu na mnyama wake, lakini hiyo ni ya kutosha kwa kiumbe kuhifadhi uboreshaji na kuupitisha kwa vizazi vijavyo. """ - Krikrees #Hunting_and_Foraging: "Hawezi ladha sukari, kama kama saucepacks zote za kisasa mababu zao walikuwa hypercarnivores kwamba walipoteza uwezo huo"