Britain has introduced legislation relating to agricultural policy after it leaves the European Union that will link support for farmers to the provision of public benefits such as tackling climate change or preserving beautiful landscapes.
The Agriculture Bill, primarily covering England, will provide the basis for policy in a sector which for decades has been controlled by the European Union.
"After nearly 50 years of being tied to burdensome and outdated EU rules, we have the opportunity to deliver a Green Brexit," Britain's farming and environment minister Michael Gove said in a statement.
The bill includes a seven-year transition period to allow farmers time to adjust as direct support payments linked to the amount of land they farm to be phased out.
Under the EU's Common Agricultural Policy, British farmers receive about £3 billion a year in public funds.
"The bill allows us to reward farmers who protect our environment, leaving the countryside in a cleaner, greener and healthier state for future generations," Gove said.
"Critically, we will also provide the smooth and gradual transition that farmers and land managers need to plan ahead."
National Farmers Union president Minette Batters said the bill "falls short of our aspirations," adding British farmers would need to compete with farmers all over the world, nearly all of whom are supported financially to produce food.
Powers To Pause
Batters said the bill must provide powers to pause the seven-year transition if it is providing unmanageable for farmers and threatening domestic food supplies.
"With critical decisions still to be taken in the months and years ahead it would be foolhardy for the Government to embark on such a path without knowing (the) trading environment in which it will be set," she said.
"A free and frictionless trade deal with our biggest trading partner, the EU, is absolutely critical to the farming industry," she added.
Farmers will see a reduction in payments during the transition period with the biggest cuts for those receiving the most funds.
Direct payments will eventually be replaced by a new Environmental Land Management System which will be developed and trialed with farmers.
"Under the new system, farmers and land managers who provide the greatest environmental benefits will secure the largest rewards," the minister said.
Under the devolution of agricultural policy in the United Kingdom, Scotland will not take powers from the bill.
However, the Welsh government will have powers under the bill to pursue its own reforms and provisions of the bill will extend to Northern Ireland until it can creates its own legislation.
Britain's decision in 2016 to leave the EU becomes effective in March 2019.
Uingereza imeweka sheria inayohusiana na sera ya kilimo baada ya kuondoka Umoja wa Ulaya ambayo itaunganisha msaada kwa wakulima na utoaji wa faida za umma kama vile kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa au kuhifadhi mandhari nzuri. Sheria ya Kilimo, ambayo inahusu hasa Uingereza, itatoa msingi wa sera katika sekta ambayo kwa miongo kadhaa imekuwa ikidhibitiwa na Umoja wa Ulaya. "Baada ya miaka 50 ya kuwa chini ya sheria za EU zenye mzigo na zilizopitwa na wakati, tuna nafasi ya kutoa ""Brexit ya Kijani,"" Waziri wa Kilimo na Mazingira wa Uingereza Michael Gove alisema katika taarifa." Mkataba huo unajumuisha kipindi cha mpito cha miaka saba ili kuwapa wakulima muda wa kurekebisha wakati malipo ya msaada wa moja kwa moja yanayohusiana na kiasi cha ardhi wanayoilima yatakapoondolewa. Kwa mujibu wa sera ya EU ya kilimo, wakulima wa Uingereza kupokea karibu £ 3 bilioni kwa mwaka katika fedha za umma. "Sheria hiyo inatuwezesha kuwapa zawadi wakulima wanaolinda mazingira yetu, na kuiacha maeneo ya mashambani katika hali safi, ya kijani kibichi na yenye afya kwa vizazi vijavyo,"" alisema Gove." "Kikuu, pia tutatoa mpito laini na wa hatua kwa hatua ambao wakulima na wasimamizi wa ardhi wanahitaji kupanga mapema". "Msimamizi wa chama cha National Farmers Union, Minette Batters, alisema ""mkataba huo haufai matarajio yetu,"" akiongeza kuwa wakulima wa Uingereza watahitaji kushindana na wakulima duniani kote ambao karibu wote wanasaidiwa kifedha kuzalisha chakula." "Wakili wa sheria wa serikali ya Marekani, Bill T. Batters alisema, ""Sheria hiyo lazima itoe mamlaka ya kusimamisha kipindi cha miaka saba cha mpito ikiwa inatoa chakula kisichoweza kudhibitiwa kwa wakulima na kutishia ugavi wa chakula cha ndani.""" "Kwa maamuzi muhimu bado yanapaswa kuchukuliwa katika miezi na miaka ijayo, itakuwa ni upumbavu kwa Serikali kuanza njia kama hiyo bila kujua mazingira ya biashara ambayo itawekwa, ""alisema." """Mkataba wa biashara huru na usio na msuguano na mshirika wetu mkubwa wa kibiashara, EU, ni muhimu sana kwa sekta ya kilimo,"" alisema." Wakulima watapata kupunguzwa kwa malipo wakati wa kipindi cha mpito na kupunguzwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kwa wale wanaopokea fedha nyingi. Msaada wa moja kwa moja utaondolewa na mfumo mpya wa usimamizi wa mazingira wa ardhi, ambayo itaundwa na majaribio na wakulima. "Chini ya mfumo mpya, wakulima na wasimamizi wa ardhi ambao hutoa faida kubwa za mazingira watapata tuzo kubwa zaidi", waziri huyo alisema. Chini ya uhamisho wa sera ya kilimo nchini Uingereza, Scotland haitakuwa na mamlaka kutoka kwa muswada huo. Hata hivyo, serikali ya Wales itakuwa na mamlaka chini ya muswada wa kutekeleza mageuzi yake mwenyewe na masharti ya muswada huo yataenea hadi Ireland Kaskazini hadi iweze kuunda sheria yake mwenyewe. Uamuzi wa Uingereza wa kuondoka EU ulichukuliwa mnamo Machi 2019.