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Nearly 80% of the tumors are in the thighbone (femur) or lower leg bones (tibia or fibula). They also may develop in the upper arm bone (humerus). Usually, tumors develop during “growth spurts,” or periods of rapid growth in the teen years.
Although osteosarcoma may appear to be in only one location in the lower leg or forearm, almost all patients have tumor cells called micrometastases in the lungs.
Bones support, give structure to body
Bones, which usually are hollow, have three main parts:
Matrix: The outer part of bones, which is made of fiber-like tissue and covered with a layer of tissue called the periosteum.
Bone marrow: The soft tissue in the space in hollow bones, which is called the medullary cavity. Cells inside bone marrow include:
- Fat cells
- Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets
- Fibroblasts, a type of cell that helps build connective tissue
- Plasma, in which blood cells are suspended
Cartilage: Material that is at the end of most bones. It is softer than bone, but it is firmer than soft tissue. Cartilage and other tissues, including ligaments, make up joints, which connect some bones.
Bone constantly changes as new bone forms and old bone dissolves. To make new bone, the body deposits calcium into the cartilage. Some of the cartilage stays at the ends of bones to make joints.
Many types of cancer that start in other organs of the body can spread to the bones. These are sometimes referred to as metastatic bone cancers, but they are not true bone cancers.
Osteosarcoma risk factors
The cause of osteosarcoma, or bone cancer, is unknown, and it usually does not run in families. However, certain things seem to put children at a higher risk of developing osteosarcoma:
- Age: Osteosarcoma, or bone cancer, is most common in people between 10 and 30 years old, particularly teenagers in rapid growth cycles or “growth spurts.”
- Height: Most children with osteosarcoma are tall for their ages.
- Gender: More males than females develop the disease.
- Race: African Americans have a slightly higher risk of osteosarcoma.
- Previous radiation therapy
- Non-cancer bone diseases including Paget's disease and osteochondromas
- Rare inherited cancer syndromes, including, Li-Fraumeni, Rothmund-Thompson, and the RB1 gene mutation, which causes retinoblastoma
- Other rare genetic conditions, including Bloom syndrome and Werner syndrome
Osteosarcoma is rare, and not everyone with risk factors gets the disease. However, if you are concerned about your child’s risk for bone cancer, you should talk to his or her doctor.
Learn more about childhood osteosarcoma:
Some cases of osteosarcoma can be passed down from one generation to the next. Genetic counseling may be right for you. Learn more about the risk to you and your family on our genetic testing page.
Why choose MD Anderson for childhood osteosarcoma care?
At MD Anderson Children's Cancer Hospital, our customized approach to osteosarcoma, or pediatric osteosarcoma, means that each child is the focus of a highly specialized group of experts. This team follows your child closely from diagnosis through survivorship, ensuring a continuity of care that can make an important difference to your child and family.
Childhood osteosarcoma is rare, and many oncologists have little experience treating it. Our program is one of the nation's most active, translating into a high degree of expertise.
Leading-edge diagnosis and treatment
Diagnosis of sarcomas can be challenging, but accurate findings are essential to successful treatment. Our pathologists are focused on osteosarcoma, which means they know what to look for to diagnose this type of bone cancer, and they use the latest, most sophisticated tests to pinpoint the type and extent of the cancer.
Treatment of bone cancer often requires a multi-level approach. Children's Cancer Hospital's specialized surgeons use the most advanced techniques to save limbs, and they are joined by dedicated oncologists, radiologists, rehabilitation experts, nurses and therapists. We offer the very latest in chemotherapy and other types of treatments.
Research and discovery
Many patients with osteosarcoma are treated with clinical trials. We participate in protocols of the Children's Oncology Group and offer innovative treatments through clinical trials, many available only at Children's Cancer Hospital and a few other hospitals in the nation.
Our Osteosarcoma and Ewing's Sarcoma Center coordinates care and access to clinical trials, streamlining and expediting enrollment in clinical trials. In addition, sarcoma researchers work with clinicians to translate laboratory research into new clinical trials.
Researchers at Children's Cancer Hospital are pioneering new, less toxic and more effective treatments for osteosarcoma. For instance, they discovered chemotherapy can be used with radiation to control osteosarcoma tumors that cannot be removed surgically. They are investigating new targeted therapies, as well as aerosolized treatments that target osteosarcoma that has metastasized to the lungs.
Children's Cancer Hospital is designed just for children, with a full range of services and amenities that help make the child and family's experience as comfortable as possible. We go beyond medical care to deliver a comprehensive experience that treats the whole child.
And at Children's Cancer Hospital, your child benefits from the resources and expertise of one of the nation's top cancer centers.
The one gift cancer gave me is perspective. Now each day is a new day and is filled with possibilities.
MD Anderson patients have access to clinical trials offering promising new treatments that cannot be
found anywhere else.
Talk to someone who shares your cancer diagnosis and be matched with a survivor.
Prevention & Screening
Many cancers can be prevented with lifestyle changes and regular screening.
Kwa mfano, katika majaribio ya kliniki ya kawaida, karibu 80% ya uvimbe ni katika femur au tibia. Pia zinaweza kutokea katika mfupa wa mkono wa juu (humerus). Kwa kawaida, uvimbe hufanyizwa wakati wa "mageuzi ya ukuzi", au vipindi vya ukuzi wa haraka katika miaka ya ujana. Ingawa osteosarcoma inaweza kuonekana kuwa katika eneo moja tu katika mguu wa chini au mkono, karibu wagonjwa wote wana seli za uvimbe zinazoitwa micrometastases katika mapafu. Mifupa ni sehemu ya nje ya mwili ambayo hufanyizwa na nyuzinyuzi na kufunikwa na tabaka la tishu inayoitwa periosteum. Mifupa: Ni tishu laini iliyo katika sehemu ya mifupa iliyo tupu, inayoitwa utando wa mifupa. Chembe za ndani ya utando wa mifupa ni pamoja na: - Chembe za mafuta - Chembe nyekundu za damu, chembe nyeupe za damu na platelets - Fibroblasts, aina ya seli ambayo husaidia kujenga tishu ya kuunganisha - Plasma, ambayo seli za damu zimesimamishwa - Cartilage: Vifaa ambavyo viko mwisho wa mifupa mingi. Ni laini kuliko mfupa, lakini ni imara kuliko tishu laini. Kamba na tishu nyingine, kutia ndani viungo, hufanyiza viungo, ambavyo huunganisha mifupa fulani. Mfupa hubadilika daima wakati mfupa mpya unapofanyizwa na mfupa wa zamani unapofutwa. Ili kutokeza mfupa mpya, mwili huweka kalsiamu ndani ya mfupa. Sehemu fulani ya mfupa hukaa kwenye ncha za mifupa ili kutengeneza viungo. Aina nyingi za kansa ambazo huanza katika viungo vingine vya mwili zinaweza kuenea kwenye mifupa. Nyakati nyingine hizi huitwa kansa za mifupa zenye kuenea, lakini si kansa za mifupa za kweli. Vipengele vya hatari vya osteosarcoma Sababu ya osteosarcoma, au kansa ya mifupa, haijulikani, na kwa kawaida haipatikani katika familia. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Urefu"" ni ugonjwa wa sarkofagia, ambao ni ugonjwa wa kawaida kwa watu wenye umri wa miaka 10 hadi 30, hasa vijana katika mzunguko wa ukuaji wa haraka au ""kuongezeka kwa ukuaji"" na ""mzuri.""" - Jinsia: Wanaume wengi kuliko wanawake hupata ugonjwa huo. - Jamii: Wamarekani wa Kiafrika wana hatari kubwa kidogo ya kupatwa na ugonjwa wa osteosarcoma. Ugonjwa wa mifupa (au ugonjwa wa mifupa) - ugonjwa wa Paget, ugonjwa wa PAGE, ugonjwa wa osteochondrosis, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa retinoblastoma, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson, ugonjwa wa ROTHMUND-Thompson. Hata hivyo, ikiwa una wasiwasi kuhusu hatari ya mtoto wako ya kupata kansa ya mifupa, unapaswa kuzungumza na daktari wake. Ugonjwa wa osteosarcoma wa utotoni ni ugonjwa wa kudumu ambao unaweza kupitishwa kutoka kizazi kimoja hadi kingine. Huenda ushauri wa maumbile ukawa unaofaa kwako. Jifunze zaidi kuhusu hatari kwa wewe na familia yako kwenye ukurasa wetu wa upimaji wa maumbile. Kwa nini M.D. Anderson alichaguliwa kwa ajili ya utunzaji wa osteosarcoma ya utotoni? Katika Hospitali ya Saratani ya Watoto ya MD Anderson, mbinu yetu ya kibinafsi ya osteosarcoma, au osteosarcoma ya watoto, inamaanisha kwamba kila mtoto ni lengo la kikundi cha wataalamu wa kitaalam. Timu hii hufuata mtoto wako kwa karibu kutoka kwa utambuzi hadi kuokoka, kuhakikisha kuendelea kwa utunzaji ambao unaweza kufanya tofauti muhimu kwa mtoto wako na familia. Osteosarcoma ya utotoni ni nadra, na wataalamu wengi wa kansa hawana uzoefu mwingi wa kutibu ugonjwa huo. Programu yetu ni moja ya taifa la kazi zaidi, kutafsiri katika kiwango cha juu cha utaalam. Ugonjwa wa sarcoma ni tatizo ambalo linahitaji uchunguzi wa kina ili upate matibabu. Wataalamu wetu wa magonjwa ya mifupa wanazingatia sarcoma ya mifupa, ambayo inamaanisha wanajua nini cha kuangalia ili kugundua aina hii ya saratani ya mifupa, na hutumia vipimo vya hivi karibuni, vya hali ya juu zaidi kugundua aina na kiwango cha saratani. Mara nyingi matibabu ya kansa ya mifupa huhitaji mbinu ya viwango vingi. Madaktari wa upasuaji wa Hospitali ya Saratani ya Watoto hutumia mbinu za hali ya juu zaidi kuokoa viungo, na wanajiunga na wataalamu wa saratani, wataalamu wa mionzi, wataalamu wa ukarabati, wauguzi na wataalamu wa tiba. Tunatoa matibabu ya kisasa zaidi ya kemotherapy na aina nyingine za matibabu. Utafiti na uvumbuzi Wagonjwa wengi wenye osteosarcoma hutibiwa kwa majaribio ya kliniki. Tunashiriki katika itifaki za Kikundi cha Oncology cha Watoto na kutoa matibabu ya ubunifu kupitia majaribio ya kliniki, mengi yanapatikana tu katika Hospitali ya Saratani ya Watoto na hospitali zingine chache nchini. Kituo cha Osteosarcoma na Ewing's Sarcoma kinaratibu utunzaji na upatikanaji wa majaribio ya kliniki, kurahisisha na kuharakisha uandikishaji katika majaribio ya kliniki. Kwa kuongezea, watafiti wa sarcoma hufanya kazi na madaktari wa kliniki kutafsiri utafiti wa maabara kuwa majaribio mapya ya kliniki. Watafiti wa Hospitali ya Saratani ya Watoto wanafanya kazi ya kuanzisha matibabu mapya, yasiyo na sumu na yenye ufanisi zaidi ya ugonjwa wa osteosarcoma. Kwa mfano, waligundua kwamba tiba ya kemikali inaweza kutumiwa pamoja na mnururisho ili kudhibiti uvimbe wa osteosarcoma ambao hauwezi kuondolewa kwa upasuaji. Watafiti wanafanya utafiti juu ya matibabu mapya ya kuelekeza, pamoja na matibabu ya aerosol ambayo yanaelekeza osteosarcoma ambayo imesambaa kwenye mapafu. Hospitali ya saratani ya watoto imeundwa tu kwa watoto, na huduma kamili na vifaa ambavyo husaidia kufanya uzoefu wa mtoto na familia kuwa vizuri iwezekanavyo. Sisi kwenda zaidi ya huduma ya matibabu kutoa uzoefu wa kina kwamba matibabu ya mtoto wote. Katika Hospitali ya Saratani ya Watoto, mtoto wako atafaidika na rasilimali na utaalam wa moja ya vituo vya juu vya saratani nchini. Zawadi moja ambayo kansa ilinipa ni mtazamo. Sasa kila siku ni siku mpya na imejaa uwezekano. Wagonjwa wa MD Anderson wana upatikanaji wa majaribio ya kliniki yanayotoa matibabu mapya ya kuahidi ambayo hayawezi kupatikana mahali pengine popote. Zungumza na mtu ambaye anaugua kansa sawa na wewe na upatane na mtu aliyeokoka. Ugonjwa wa kansa unaweza kuepukwa kwa kufanya mabadiliko katika mtindo wa maisha na kufanya uchunguzi wa mara kwa mara.