What’s under your skin?
Essential facts to help you understand the layers of your skin
The skin is the biggest body organ, with a surface of around 2 m2 and around 1/6 of the total body weight for an adult person. The skin is made of 1-4 mm deep elastic tissue with the main objective of protecting the body against dehydration and daily, external impact. For optimum protection the skin must stay healthy.
3 layers of your skin
Your skin consists of 3 layers:
They all serve important fuctions to keep you safe.
1. Epidermis: The epidermis is composed of a layer of dead cells constantly released from the surface. The main protection barrier is found here, preventing micro organisms from invading the body and water from evaporating (the reason why your skin will not dry out). The epidermis produces melanin, which provided protection against the UV radiation of the sun.
2. Dermis: The dermis is the layer of skin with its strong and elastic properties. The dermis is composed of various individual tissue, e.g. hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and cells that provide the sense of touch, cool, heat and pain. Additional dermis components are collagen and elastin which provide strength and elasticity to the skin and water binding molecules.
3. Subcutis: The subcutis is a water and blood reservoir. It contains a lipid layer with the purpose of providing insulation, energy storage and protection against pressures. Together with the sweat transmission the lipid content of the skin provides a biologic acid seal protection of the skin. In normal circumstances, the skin is capable of protecting itself.
Protect your skin from external exposure
The 1-4 mm layer protecting your body against external, daily impact, is really not a lot considering the exposure to changing weather and temperature conditions, water, soap, work, etc. Thus, strong impact on the skin is clearly felt. If we could ensure the skin did not come into contact with any dangerous material, it would be able to protect itself – but we can’t. Hence, the natural defence of the skin is gradually deteriorated with every instance of washing and cleaning of your hands, hand disinfection and use of gloves for extended periods of time, because it prevents the skin from breathing.
Sustained and strong impact on the skin from e.g. daily work may create an imbalance to the extent that the skin is unable to restore adequately. There are three categories of dangerous material (water, cleaning agents, dust, oil, etc.) which the skin is exposed to in the workplace: aquatic material, non-aquatic material and other important compounds/exposure:
Any lack of balance may trigger skin issues, which will appear as dry, rough and torn skin and which in a worst case may lead to serious occupational skin disease.
We stress that every person’s skin reaction is different, and its vulnerability may evolve over time and thus the frequency with which preventive use of skin care products is needed will differ too.
One of the best known and acknowledged occupational skin diseases is eczema or dermatitis, of which there are two types:
- Irritative contact dermatitis: The eczema is triggered by the skin being in contact with compounds considerably irritating or degreasing the skin. This type of dermatitis accounts of 80-85 % of all cases
- Allergic contact dermatitis: The eczema is caused by sensitivity to specific material and accounts for 10-15 % of all cases.
Dermatitis represents 94 % of all occupational skin diseases. The most frequently cause is soap, cleaning agents and foods, and often employees working in wet conditions are exposed to eczema. Moreover, eczema may also stem from sensitising substances such as perfume, nickel and preservative agents. First indications of hand dermatitis are reddening, itching and peeling skin, and blisters, itching spots or painful cracking of the skin. The eczema typically appears in areas with thin skin, for example between fingers, over the knuckles or below a ring on the finger.
Once eczema appears, you should contact a doctor. Continued use of appropriate hand hygiene, however, will need to be supplemented or replaced with hormone-based lotion. Appropriate hand hygiene procedures and correct products do only go as far as preventing occupational skin diseases – they are not the cure against them! Nonetheless, you will be on the right track by keeping your hands clean and healthy and establishing the optimum barriers against skin damage by:
- Using skin care products prior to and during your work, preventing the skin from drying during the day and keeping it smooth and resistant to exposure
- Cleaning your hands with soap, hand cleaning agent and hand disinfection
- Using skin care products after work, re-establishing the natural skin protection properties
The best prevention method is a properly designed hand hygiene programme. Skin diseases are a big financial burden for society and corporates coupled with the significant personal and physical repercussions for the impacted people.
Ni nini kilicho chini ya ngozi yako? Kwa sababu ya kuonekana kwa ngozi, ngozi ni sehemu kubwa ya mwili, na ina ukubwa wa m2 2 na inashughulikia uzito wa mwili wa mtu mzima. Ngozi ni nyenzo ya nyuzinyuzi yenye kina cha 1mm hadi 4mm, ambayo inahakikisha mwili haupotezi maji mwilini na kuathiriwa na athari za nje. Ili ngozi ihifadhiwe vizuri, ni lazima iwe na afya nzuri. Ngozi yako ina tabaka tatu ambazo zina jukumu muhimu la kukuhifadhi. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Epidermis: Epidermis ina tabaka la chembe zilizokufa ambazo hutolewa daima kutoka juu. Hii ni sehemu ya msingi ya kinga ya mwili ambayo inazuia viumbe wadogo kuingia ndani ya mwili na kuzuia maji kutoweka (kwa sababu hiyo ngozi yako haitauka). Ngozi ya juu hutokeza melanin, ambayo ililinda dhidi ya mnururisho wa jua wa UV. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Dermis: Dermis ni safu ya ngozi yenye nguvu na uwezo wa kubadilika-badilika. Dermis inajumuisha tishu mbalimbali za mtu binafsi, kwa mfano Mifupa ya nywele, kibofu cha jasho, kibofu cha mafuta, na seli zinazohusika katika hisia za kugusa, baridi, joto na maumivu. Sehemu za ziada za dermis ni collagen na elastin ambayo hutoa nguvu na elasticity kwa ngozi na molekuli za kuunganisha maji. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Subcutis: Subcutis ni hifadhi ya maji na damu. Ina tabaka lipid na kusudi la kutoa insulation, kuhifadhi nishati na ulinzi dhidi ya shinikizo. Pamoja na uhamisho wa jasho, maudhui ya lipid ya ngozi hutoa ulinzi wa asidi ya kibiolojia ya ngozi. Katika hali za kawaida, ngozi inaweza kujilinda yenyewe. Kuhifadhi ngozi yako kutoka kwa athari za nje: tabaka la 1 mm linalolinda mwili wako dhidi ya athari za nje za kila siku, kwa kweli sio mengi ikizingatia athari za hali ya hewa na hali ya joto, maji, sabuni, kazi, nk. Hivyo, athari kali kwenye ngozi huhisiwa waziwazi. Kama tunaweza kuhakikisha ngozi haikuja kuwasiliana na nyenzo yoyote hatari, ingeweza kujilinda <unk> lakini hatuwezi. Kwa hiyo, ulinzi wa asili wa ngozi huathiriwa hatua kwa hatua na kila mara ya kuosha na kusafisha mikono yako, kuondoa uchafuzi wa mikono na kutumia glavu kwa muda mrefu, kwa sababu inazuia ngozi kupumua. Madhara ya kudumu na ya nguvu kwenye ngozi kutoka kwa, kwa mfano, Kazi ya kila siku inaweza kusababisha usawa wa ngozi ambayo haiwezi kurekebishwa vizuri. Kuna makundi matatu ya vifaa hatari (maji, vifaa vya kusafisha, vumbi, mafuta, nk.) Kwa sababu ya hali ya ngozi ya mwili, ngozi inaweza kuathiriwa na kemikali za maji, vitu vya maji, na misombo mingine muhimu, ambayo inaweza kusababisha matatizo ya ngozi, ambayo huonekana kama ngozi kavu, mbaya na iliyokatwa, na ambayo katika hali mbaya inaweza kusababisha ugonjwa mbaya wa ngozi ya kazi. "Tunasisitiza kwamba kila mtu ""mwitikio ngozi ni tofauti, na udhaifu wake inaweza kubadilika kwa muda na hivyo mzunguko ambao kuzuia matumizi ya bidhaa za huduma ya ngozi ni muhimu itakuwa tofauti pia. """ Eczema ni ugonjwa wa ngozi unaosababishwa na kazi, na ni aina mbili za ugonjwa huu: Eczema ya kuharibu au ya kuharibu ngozi, ambayo ni ugonjwa wa ngozi unaosababishwa na ngozi kuwasiliana na kemikali zinazosababisha kuharibu au kuondoa mafuta kwenye ngozi. Aina hii ya dermatitis huwakilisha asilimia 80-85 ya kesi zote za ugonjwa wa ngozi: Eczema husababishwa na unyeti kwa vifaa maalum na huwakilisha asilimia 10-15 ya kesi zote. Ugonjwa wa ngozi ni asilimia 94 ya magonjwa yote ya ngozi yanayotokana na kazi. Sabuni, dawa za kusafisha na vyakula ni sababu ya ugonjwa huo, na mara nyingi wafanyakazi wanaofanya kazi katika hali ya unyevu huathiriwa na ugonjwa huo. Kwa kuongezea, eczema inaweza pia kutokea kutokana na vitu vinavyofanya mtu awe na hisia kama vile manukato, nikeli na vitu vinavyodumisha. Dalili za kwanza za ugonjwa wa ngozi wa mikono ni nyekundu, kukwaruza na kuondoa ngozi, na vidonda, madoa ya kukwaruza au kupasuka kwa ngozi kwa uchungu. Eczema huonekana katika maeneo yenye ngozi nyembamba, kwa mfano kati ya vidole, juu ya knuckles au chini ya pete kwenye kidole. Mara tu eczema inapotokea, unapaswa kuwasiliana na daktari. Hata hivyo, ni lazima uendelee kutumia dawa zinazohusiana na usafi wa mikono, au uendelee kutumia dawa zinazohusiana na homoni. Utaratibu unaofaa wa usafi wa mikono na bidhaa sahihi huepuka tu magonjwa ya ngozi ya kazi - si tiba dhidi yao! Hata hivyo, utakuwa kwenye njia sahihi kwa kuweka mikono yako safi na afya na kuanzisha vizuizi bora dhidi ya uharibifu wa ngozi kwa: - Kutumia bidhaa za utunzaji wa ngozi kabla na wakati wa kazi yako, kuzuia ngozi kutoka kukauka wakati wa siku na kuifanya kuwa laini na sugu kwa mfiduo - Kusafisha mikono yako na sabuni, dawa ya kusafisha mikono na disinfection ya mikono - Kutumia bidhaa za utunzaji wa ngozi baada ya kazi, kuanzisha tena mali ya asili ya ulinzi wa ngozi. Magonjwa ya ngozi ni mzigo mkubwa wa kifedha kwa jamii na mashirika pamoja na athari kubwa za kibinafsi na za kimwili kwa watu walioathiriwa.