Have you ever looked at trees and wondered if the branches at the canopy would fall faster than the branches near the ground? That is because the former has more potential energy than the latter.
POTENTIAL ENERGY DIAGRAMS
The change in potential energy in a chemical reaction could be plotted on a potential energy diagram, and we can depict these changes in a potential energy graph.
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION & EXOTHERMIC REACTION
In the figure below, you can see energy diagrams of (A) Endothermic reaction(B) Exothermic reaction
Here, (ΔH) denotes the change in enthalpy.
Enthalpy, normally denoted H, is a thermodynamic property; it is equal to the sum of the internal energy plus the product of the pressure and the volume.
Endothermic reactions have a positive (ΔH), whereas exothermic reactions have a negative (ΔH), as shown in this figure:
Here, the whole potential energy declines as it releases the energy to the surrounding environment.
READING ENERGY DIAGRAMS – ENDOTHERMIC GRAPH AND EXOTHERMIC GRAPH
In the above figure, you can interpret the energy diagrams as:
(A) In the endothermic reaction graph, the energy of resultant products is more than reactants (ΔH is a positive enthalpy change). Here, the total potential energy rises as energy is absorbed from the surrounding environment.
(B) In the exothermic reaction graph, the energy of the resulting products is less than reactants (ΔH is a negative enthalpy change). Here, the total potential energy declines as it releases energy.
ACTIVATION ENERGY DIAGRAM
The highest point of the curve between reactants and products in the potential energy diagram shows you the activation energy for a reaction. When particles react, they must have enough energy to collide to overpower the barrier.
Activation Energy Diagram:
Here, the activation energy is denoted by (Ea).
(A) Ea is lower, as there is a downward dip implying the reaction is quick.
(B) Ea is higher, implying the reaction is quite slow.
Continue your learning journey
Learn about Potential Energy
Learn about Kinetic Energy
- You can depict changes in the potential energy of a system in a potential energy diagram.
- Graphs of both endothermic and exothermic reactions and how to read them have been discussed.
- Explanation of diagram of activation energy on how the process works.
1. How do you read an energy diagram?
Potential energy diagrams can be read from the X-axis to the reaction line. Dashed lines on the graph visualize the potential energy in the graph.
2. What does an energy diagram tell you?
An energy diagram shows whether a reaction is endothermic or exothermic, the potential energy of the reactants and products, and the change in energy for such a reaction.
3. Is delta H negative for exothermic?
Yes, delta H is negative in the graph of an exothermic reaction.
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- Potential Energy Diagrams. https://www.ck12.org/c/chemistry/potential-energy-diagrams/lesson/Potential-Energy-Diagrams-CHEM/. Accessed 17 Feb 2022.
- Potential Energy Diagrams. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/18%3A_Kinetics/18.04%3A_Potential_Energy_Diagrams#:~:text=A%20potential%20energy%20diagram%20shows,reactants%20are%20converted%20into%20products.&text=The%20activation%20energy%20for%20a,the%20reactants%20and%20the%20products. Accessed 17 Feb 2022.
Je, umewahi kutazama miti na kujiuliza ikiwa matawi yaliyo juu ya miti huanguka haraka kuliko matawi yaliyo chini? Hiyo ni kwa sababu ya kwanza ina nishati zaidi ya uwezekano kuliko ya pili. Mfano wa nguvu za uwezekano wa kemikali: Mfano wa nguvu za uwezekano wa kemikali katika athari ya kemikali inaweza kuonyeshwa kwenye mchoro wa nishati ya uwezekano, na tunaweza kuelezea mabadiliko haya katika mchoro wa nishati ya uwezekano. Katika mfano wa chini, unaweza kuona michoro ya nishati ya (A) Mmenyuko wa Endothermic (B) Mmenyuko wa Exothermic Hapa, (H) inaonyesha mabadiliko katika enthalpy. Enthalpy (H) ni mali ya thermodynamic, ambayo ni sawa na jumla ya nishati ya ndani pamoja na bidhaa ya shinikizo na kiasi. Katika hali ya exothermic, athari za endothermic ni sawa na athari za exothermic, na katika hali ya exothermic, athari za exothermic ni sawa na athari za exothermic, na katika hali ya exothermic, athari za exothermic ni sawa na athari za exothermic. Katika graph ya endothermic, nishati ya bidhaa zinazotokana ni zaidi ya reactants (DH ni mabadiliko ya enthalpy chanya). Hapa, jumla ya nishati ya uwezekano huongezeka kama nishati inachukuliwa kutoka mazingira ya karibu. Katika graph exothermic athari, nishati ya bidhaa zinazotokana ni chini ya reactants (DH ni mabadiliko ya enthalpy hasi). Hapa, jumla ya nishati ya uwezekano hupungua kama inatoa nishati. Mfano wa nguvu ya uanzishaji: Sehemu ya juu ya mstari wa mstari wa nguvu ya uanzishaji kati ya reagents na bidhaa katika mchoro wa nishati ya uwezekano inaonyesha nishati ya uanzishaji kwa athari. Chembe zinaposhirikiana, lazima ziwe na nishati ya kutosha kugongana ili kushinda kizuizi hicho. Activation Energy Diagram: Hapa, activation nishati ni denoted na (Ea). (A) Ea ni chini, kama kuna dip chini ina maana athari ni ya haraka. (B) Ea ni ya juu, ikimaanisha athari ni polepole sana. Kujifunza kuhusu nishati ya kinetic: Unaweza kuelezea mabadiliko katika nishati ya uwezekano wa mfumo katika mchoro wa nishati ya uwezekano. - Graphs ya wote endothermic na exothermic athari na jinsi ya kusoma yao wamekuwa kujadiliwa. - Maelezo ya mchoro wa nishati ya uanzishaji juu ya jinsi mchakato kazi. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Unawezaje kusoma mchoro wa nishati? Potential nishati michoro inaweza kusoma kutoka X-mhimili kwa mstari wa athari. Mistari dashed juu ya grafu visualize nishati ya uwezekano katika grafu. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Mchoro wa nishati unakuambia nini? Mchoro wa nishati unaonyesha ikiwa athari ni endothermic au exothermic, nishati ya uwezekano wa reagents na bidhaa, na mabadiliko ya nishati kwa athari kama hiyo. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Je, delta H ni hasi kwa exothermic? Ndiyo, delta H ni hasi katika grafu ya athari exothermic. Tunatumaini wewe walifurahia kujifunza somo hili na kujifunza kitu baridi kuhusu Potential Energy Diagrams! Kujiunga na jamii yetu Discord kupata maswali yoyote unaweza kuwa na kujibu na kushirikiana na wanafunzi wengine kama wewe! Usisahau kupakua programu yetu ya uzoefu wa fun VR madarasa yetu <unk> tunahakikisha inafanya kujifunza mengi zaidi ya furaha!  - Potential Energy Diagrams. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Kemia na Potential-Energy Diagrams"" ya toleo la mwaka wa 2018 na ""Mfano wa Potential-Energy Diagrams"" ya mwaka wa 2019." Imetumika tarehe 17 Februari 2022. - Potential Energy Diagrams. (Mipango ya Nishati). "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia ya Utafiti"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia"" ya ""Kemia""" Imetumika tarehe 17 Februari 2022.