Can you expect a young child to wear a t-shirt or shirt the same size as their grandparents? Absolutely you cannot expect. But when individuals are sick, they receive the same medical treatment, although they have many differences. The main reason for this is that even the world's best scientists and doctors do not fully understand how diseases develop in humans and how they respond to treatments. Therefore, a one-size-fits-all drug approach is applied based on large population averages. Traditional practice does not usually have the same effect on everyone, as the genetic structure of each person is slightly different. Even small differences in people's genetic makeup can have important health consequences.
Personalized medicine helps achieve the goal of more precise, predictable, and robust healthcare for each patient. Advancing our knowledge of genetics and genomics on important issues such as how each person responds to drugs and diseases enables physicians to better prevent disease, diagnose better, prescribe safer drugs, and administer more effective treatment. The basis of Personalized medicine is the provision of health services in accordance with the unique genetic makeup of the person. Personalized medicine is also known as individualized medicine, precision medicine, or genomic medicine.
Throughout history, drug use has been seen by many as the last resort. Nowadays, we can usually take medicine for the treatment of this disease after getting sick. Because we do not fully understand the genetic and environmental factors that cause important diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer's. This is why our efforts to treat these diseases are ineffective, unpredictable, and uncertain.The drugs and treatments we use are tested on a large population and prescriptions are written using statistical averages. As a result, due to genetic differences, drugs work in some patients, while in others they do not. On average, prescription drugs on the market today are effective in only half of the people who take them. Personalized medicine, which is prepared in accordance with the unique genetic structures of people, has begun to eliminate the limits of traditional medicines. Personalized medicine provides health care providers with the following benefits:
Interactions between hundreds of genes and gene networks and external factors such as exercise and diet determine a person's biological characteristics. For example, hair color and cholesterol level. Genetic systems is a very comprehensive approach to study this biological complexity. Physicists, mathematicians, and geneticists use powerful statistical tools to process vast databases to create predictions of how genetic complexity affects health and disease.Neurological diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, produce similarly dire impacts. Alzheimer’s is the 6th leading cause of death in the United States, and the Alzheimer’s Association predicts that 16 million individuals will be living with the disease by 2050.
Je, unaweza kutarajia mtoto mdogo kuvaa T-shati au shati la ukubwa sawa na babu na nyanya zao? Bila shaka huwezi kutarajia hivyo. Lakini watu wanapokuwa wagonjwa, wanapata matibabu yaleyale, ingawa kuna tofauti nyingi. Sababu kuu ni kwamba hata wanasayansi na madaktari bora zaidi duniani hawaelewi kikamilifu jinsi magonjwa yanavyositawi na jinsi yanavyoitikia matibabu. Kwa hiyo, mbinu ya dawa ya ukubwa mmoja-fits-wote hutumiwa kulingana na wastani wa idadi kubwa ya watu. Kwa kawaida mazoea ya kitamaduni hayana athari ileile kwa kila mtu, kwa kuwa muundo wa urithi wa kila mtu ni tofauti kidogo. Hata tofauti ndogo-ndogo katika muundo wa urithi wa watu zaweza kuwa na matokeo muhimu ya afya. Dawa ya kibinafsi husaidia kufikia lengo la huduma ya afya sahihi zaidi, inayoweza kutabiriwa, na thabiti kwa kila mgonjwa. Kuendeleza maarifa yetu ya maumbile na genomics juu ya masuala muhimu kama vile jinsi kila mtu anavyokabiliana na dawa na magonjwa huwawezesha madaktari kuzuia ugonjwa vizuri, kugundua vizuri, kuagiza dawa salama, na kusimamia matibabu yenye ufanisi zaidi. Msingi wa Tiba ya Kibinafsi ni utoaji wa huduma za afya kulingana na muundo wa kipekee wa maumbile ya mtu. Dawa ya kibinafsi pia inajulikana kama dawa ya kibinafsi, dawa ya usahihi, au dawa ya genomic. Katika historia yote, matumizi ya dawa za kulevya yameonwa na wengi kuwa suluhisho la mwisho. Siku hizi, kwa kawaida tunaweza kuchukua dawa kwa ajili ya matibabu ya ugonjwa huu baada ya kuugua. Kwa sababu hatuelewi kikamili mambo ya urithi na mazingira yanayosababisha magonjwa muhimu kama vile kisukari, kansa, na Alzheimer. Kwa sababu hii, juhudi zetu za kutibu magonjwa haya hazina matokeo, hazina uwazi, na hazina uhakika. madawa na matibabu tunayotumia yanajaribiwa kwa idadi kubwa ya watu na dawa zinaandikwa kwa kutumia wastani wa takwimu. Matokeo ni kwamba, kwa sababu ya tofauti za urithi, dawa hufanya kazi kwa wagonjwa fulani, ilhali kwa wengine hazifanyi kazi. Kwa wastani, dawa zinazopatikana kwenye soko leo zinafanya kazi kwa nusu tu ya watu wanaozitumia. Dawa ya kibinafsi, ambayo huandaliwa kulingana na miundo ya kipekee ya maumbile ya watu, imeanza kuondoa mipaka ya dawa za jadi. Dawa ya kibinafsi hutoa huduma za afya na faida zifuatazo: Maingiliano kati ya mamia ya jeni na mitandao ya jeni na mambo ya nje kama vile mazoezi na lishe huamua sifa za kibiolojia za mtu. Kwa mfano, rangi ya nywele na kiwango cha kolesteroli. Mifumo ya urithi ni mbinu kamili sana ya kujifunza utata huu wa kibiolojia. Wataalamu wa fizikia, hisabati na chembe za urithi hutumia zana zenye nguvu za takwimu kusindika hifadhidata kubwa ili kuunda utabiri wa jinsi utata wa maumbile unavyoathiri afya na ugonjwa. Ugonjwa wa Alzheimer ni sababu ya sita ya vifo nchini Marekani na shirika la Alzheimer's Association linakadiria kuwa watu milioni 16 watakuwa na ugonjwa huo kufikia mwaka 2050.