Hyperthyroidism is a thyroid disorder in which there is an increase in thyroid hormone levels in the blood. It usually occurs in girls during adolescence.
It is an autoimmune condition in which the body produces antibodies that attack the thyroid, causing it to produce a large amount of thyroid hormone. The main cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ Disease, and in most cases there is a genetic predisposition for the manifestation of the disease. Another cause is toxic nodular goitre, which results in the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones. It may also be the initial phase of autoimmune hypothyroidism.
What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
Children suffering from hyperthyroidism exhibit several symptoms including, increased appetite, weight loss, fatigue, insomnia, fast or irregular heartbeat (tachycardia), menstrual disorders (in girls), nervousness, etc.
How is hyperthyroidism diagnosed?
The endocrinologist will take a detailed family history and will order tests to measure T3, T4 and TSH levels and thyroglobulin (TGAb), thyroid peroxidase (TPO) and thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI) antibodies. A thyroid ultrasound determines the position and morphology of the gland and detects the presence of nodules.
How is hyperthyroidism treated?
The doctor may administer anti-thyroid drugs that inhibit the overproduction of thyroid hormones, which in turn may provoke hypothyroidism that requires replacement therapy. If thyroid function is not successfully regulated, then radioactive iodine is administered. In very rare cases involving the co-existence of nodules, it is recommended that the thyroid be removed surgically.
Hyperthyroidism ni ugonjwa wa tezi-kibofu ambapo kuna ongezeko la viwango vya homoni za tezi-kibofu katika damu. Kwa kawaida hutokea kwa wasichana wakati wa ujana. Ni ugonjwa wa autoimmune ambapo mwili hutengeneza kingamwili zinazoshambulia tezi ya tezi, na kusababisha utengenezaji wa kiasi kikubwa cha homoni ya tezi. Sababu kuu ya hyperthyroidism ni Graves'ugonjwa, na katika kesi nyingi kuna predisposition ya maumbile kwa ajili ya maonyesho ya ugonjwa. Sababu nyingine ni goitre ya sumu yenye vifungo, ambayo husababisha kutokwa kupita kiasi kwa homoni za tezi-kibofu. Huenda pia ikawa hatua ya kwanza ya ugonjwa wa hypothyroidism unaosababishwa na kinga ya mwili. Dalili za ugonjwa wa tezi-kibofu ni zipi? Watoto wanaosumbuliwa na hyperthyroidism huonyesha dalili kadhaa ikiwa ni pamoja na, hamu ya kula iliyoongezeka, kupoteza uzito, uchovu, kukosa usingizi, mpigo wa moyo wa haraka au usio wa kawaida (tachycardia), matatizo ya hedhi (kwa wasichana), wasiwasi, nk. Ugonjwa wa hyperthyroidism hugunduliwaje? Mtaalamu wa endocrinologist atachukua historia ya familia na kuagiza vipimo vya T3, T4 na TSH, na antibodies ya thyroglobulin (TGA), thyroid peroxidase (TPO), na immunoglobulin ya kuchochea thyroid (TSI). Uchunguzi wa sauti ya tezi-kibofu huamua mahali na umbo la tezi-kibofu na kugundua kuwapo kwa noduli. Ugonjwa wa hyperthyroidism hupatiwaje matibabu? Daktari anaweza kuagiza dawa za kupambana na tezi-kibofu ambazo huzuia uzalishaji wa ziada wa homoni za tezi-kibofu, ambazo kwa upande wake zinaweza kusababisha hypothyroidism ambayo inahitaji tiba ya badala. Ikiwa utendaji wa tezi-kibofu haupatikani, basi iodini yenye mnururisho hutumiwa. Katika visa vichache sana vinavyohusisha kuwepo kwa nodules, inashauriwa kwamba tezi ya tezi iondolewe kwa upasuaji.