Distributors are an important part of the ignition system in an internal combustion engine. They are a device that routes the high voltage into the correct firing order to the spark plugs. Both magnetos and battery ignitions have distributors.
The distributor consists of a rotating arm, otherwise known as a rotor. The rotor is inside the distributor cap and on top of the distributor shaft. The rotating shaft is timed with the crankshaft via the camshaft or gear, that turns the rotor.
The rotor contacts the central high voltage cable from the coil via a spring-loaded carbon brush. The rotor arm then passes close to the output contacts, which then connect via the high tension cables to the spark plug of each of the cylinders, but it does not touch them.
So the rotor makes and breaks contact with the spark plug wires via the distributor cap. In the distributor, there is high voltage energy that is able to jump the small gap from the rotor arm to the contact. The same shaft opens and closes the points.
The distributor shaft has a cam (a projecting part of a rotating wheel or shaft that strikes a lever at one or more points on its circular path) that will operate the contact breaker. Opening the points will cause a high induction voltage in the system’s ignition coil.
The distributor also houses the centrifugal advance unit:
This is a set of hinged weights that are attached to the distributor shaft. It will cause the breaker point mounting plate to slightly rotate and then advance the spark timing with higher engine RPMs.
The distributor also has a vacuum advance unit that will advance the timing even further as a function of the vacuum in the inlet manifold.
There is usually a capacitor (a device that stores energy in the electric field), which is attached to the distributor. You will find that the capacitor is connected parallel to the breaker points. This is to suppress sparking and prevent any wear of the points.
Sometime around the 1970s, Hall effect sensors largely made breaker points obsolete. And because this is a non-contacting device and solid-state electronics primarily control the circuit, they eliminated a huge amount of maintenance in point adjustment and replacement.
This will now also eliminate any problems with the breaker follower or any cam wear. Therefore, eliminating a sideload will extend the life of the distributor shaft bearing (a component used to reduce friction in a machine).
Wasambazaji ni sehemu muhimu ya mfumo wa kuwasha katika injini ya mwako wa ndani. Ni kifaa ambacho hupeleka voltage ya juu katika utaratibu sahihi wa kuzima kwa mabomba ya moto. Magneto na betri ignition wote wana wasambazaji. Distributor inajumuisha mkono mzunguko, vinginevyo inajulikana kama rotor. Rotor ni ndani ya kifuniko distributor na juu ya shaft distributor. shaft mzunguko ni timed na crankshaft kupitia camshaft au gear, kwamba inageuka rotor. Rotor mawasiliano ya kati ya voltage cable kutoka coil kupitia spring-liwa na brush kaboni. Kisha mkono rotor hupita karibu na mawasiliano ya pato, ambayo kisha kuunganisha kupitia cables high-tension kwa spark plug ya kila moja ya silinda, lakini haina kugusa yao. Hivyo rotor hufanya na kuvunja mawasiliano na nyaya spark plug kupitia cap distributor. Katika distributor, kuna nishati ya voltage ya juu ambayo ni uwezo wa kuruka pengo ndogo kutoka mkono rotor kwa mawasiliano. Mchoro huohuo hufungua na kufunga sehemu hizo. Mshale wa usambazaji una cam (sehemu inayoonekana ya gurudumu linalozunguka au shaft ambayo hupiga lever katika hatua moja au zaidi kwenye njia yake ya mviringo) ambayo itaendesha kizuizi cha mawasiliano. Kufungua pointi kusababisha voltage ya juu induction katika mfumo wa coil ya kuwasha. Distributor pia nyumba centrifugal advance kitengo: Hii ni seti ya uzito hinged kwamba ni kushikamana na distributor shaft. Hii itasababisha breaker point mounting plate kugeuka kidogo na kisha kuendeleza spark timing na RPM ya juu ya injini. Distributor pia ina vacuum advance kitengo ambayo itaboresha timing hata zaidi kama kazi ya utupu katika manifold inlet. Kwa kawaida kuna capacitor (kifaa ambacho huhifadhi nishati katika uwanja wa umeme), ambayo imeunganishwa na msambazaji. Utapata kwamba capacitor ni kushikamana sambamba na pointi breaker. Hii ni ili kuzuia sparkling na kuzuia yoyote ya kuvaa ya pointi. Katika miaka ya 1970, sensorer za athari ya Hall zilifanya pointi za kuvunja kuwa za kizamani. Kwa sababu hii ni kifaa cha mawasiliano na umeme wa hali ya imara hasa kudhibiti mzunguko, wao kuondolewa kiasi kikubwa cha matengenezo katika hatua ya marekebisho na kubadilisha. Hii sasa pia kuondoa matatizo yoyote na mfuasi breaker au yoyote cam kuvaa. Kwa hiyo, kuondoa sideload itaongeza maisha ya distributor shaft bearing (kiungo kutumika kupunguza msuguano katika mashine).