1. Project Title:
Smart Attendance System
The current attendance system in most of the educational institutions is paper based, wherein the students are expected to sign an attendance sheet. This system has several disadvantages like:
(a) The students can mark attendance of their fellow classmates without being caught.
(b) Punctuality of individuals cannot be recorded
(c) Time consuming
(d) It can be lost easily
3. Conceptual framework:
The smart attendance will help to mark the attendance of the students attending a particular lecture.
The following is the procedure to mark the attendance using the smart cards:
i) Every student of the institution is issued (by the institution) a unique smart card that he/she must always carry.
ii) The students, at the lecture hall entry, are expected to insert the smart card in the Card Acceptance Machine, which will record the student entering the lecture hall.
iii) The communication used is ‘Active-Passive Peer Interaction’ wherein the Active component is installed on the entry gate constantly generates an electromagnetic field, which, in turn, creates a small current in the chip inside the card/token whenever it comes into range – hence the chips do not need power of their own. The moment current flows, the chip and the reading component on the gate can interact with each other.
iv) An encryption key is generated each time an interaction takes place to prevent other Smart Card readers from accessing data. This is done to make sure that student attends the stipulated lecture only. Every Lecture Hall has what we call the ‘Lecture Hall Code’. The key is encrypted with lecture hall code on the card at the entry gate and again decrypted at the exit gate.
v) To avoid proxy attendance, a people counter is also placed at the entry of the lecture hall. The people counter records the footfall to count the number of people entering the lecture hall.
vi) The exit from the lecture hall is also marked by the smart card insertion into the CAD, just to ensure the correctness of the recorded data and decrypt it.
vii) After decryption, the student’s attendance for that lecture is increased by 1 in the institution’s database.
4. Tools Used:
Smart Card: A smart card, chip card, or integrated circuit card (ICC) is any pocket-sized card that has embedded integrated circuits. Smart cards are made of plastic, generally polyvinyl chloride, but sometimes polyethylene terephthalate based polyesters, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene or polycarbonate.
Smart cards can be either contact or contact less smart card. Smart cards can provide personal identification, authentication, data storage, and application processing.
People Counter: A people counter is an electronic device that is used to measure the number of people traversing a certain passage or entrance.
Footfall: Footfall measures the number of people who enter a shop or business in a particular period of time.
Smart Card Reader: Smart Card Readers are also known as card programmers (because they can write to a card), card terminals, card acceptance device (CAD), or an interface device (IFD).
When the smart card and the card reader come in contact, each identifies itself to the other by sending and receiving information. If the messages exchanged do not match, no further processing takes place. So, unlike ordinary bank cards, smart cards can defend themselves against unauthorized users and uses in innovative security measures.
Card Contact Types refers to how the contact between a card reader and a smart card is physically made. There are two primary types of contact: landing contact and friction contact (also known as sliding or wiping). For card readers featuring friction contact, the contact part is fixed. The contact wipes on the card surface and the chip when a card is inserted. For card readers featuring the landing type, the contact part is movable. The contact “lands” on the chip after a card is wholly inserted. In general, card readers of the landing type provide better protection to the card than that of the friction type.
It is used for marking attendance in educational institutions where attendance management is itself a time consuming and cumbersome process. It will make the attendance system smooth and reliable.
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1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Mfumo wa mahudhurio wa Smart: Mfumo wa mahudhurio wa sasa katika taasisi nyingi za elimu ni msingi wa karatasi, ambapo wanafunzi wanatarajiwa kusaini karatasi ya mahudhurio. Mfumo huu una hasara kadhaa kama vile: (a) Wanafunzi wanaweza alama mahudhurio ya wenzake wa darasa bila kukamatwa. (b) Ufuatiliaji wa wakati wa watu binafsi hauwezi kurekodiwa (c) Inachukua muda (d) Inaweza kupotea kwa urahisi 3. Mfumo wa dhana: Uwepo smart itasaidia alama ya mahudhurio ya wanafunzi kuhudhuria hotuba maalum. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Mfano wa kadi ya smart"" ni kwamba kila mwanafunzi wa shule ya msingi ana kadi ya smart ambayo lazima iwe na kila wakati." Wanafunzi katika mlango wa ukumbi wa hotuba wanapaswa kuingiza kadi ya smart katika mashine ya kukubali kadi, ambayo itaorodhesha mwanafunzi kuingia ukumbi wa hotuba. "Ujumbe huo ni ""Active-Passive Peer Interaction"" ambapo kipengele cha Active kimewekwa kwenye lango la kuingia daima hutengeneza uwanja wa umeme, ambao, kwa upande wake, huunda mkondo mdogo katika chip ndani ya kadi au ishara wakati wowote inakuja katika safu, kwa hivyo chips hazihitaji nguvu zao wenyewe." Wakati sasa mtiririko, chip na kusoma sehemu juu ya lango inaweza kuingiliana na kila mmoja. iv) Ufunguo wa encryption hutengenezwa kila wakati mwingiliano unafanyika ili kuzuia wasomaji wengine wa Kadi ya Smart kutoka kwa kupata data. Hii ni kufanyika ili kuhakikisha kwamba mwanafunzi anahudhuria hotuba iliyopangwa tu. Kila ukumbi wa hotuba una kile tunachoita "Kanuni ya ukumbi wa hotuba". Ufunguo ni encrypted na kozi ya ukumbi wa hotuba juu ya kadi katika lango la kuingia na tena decrypted katika lango la kutoka. v) Ili kuepuka mahudhurio ya wakala, kukabiliana na watu pia huwekwa kwenye mlango wa ukumbi wa hotuba. Kiashiria cha watu kinarekodi idadi ya watu wanaingia katika ukumbi wa hotuba. Kuondoka kutoka ukumbi wa hotuba pia ni alama na kuingizwa kwa kadi ya akili katika CAD, tu kuhakikisha usahihi wa data zilizorekodiwa na kuifungua. Baada ya decryption, mahudhurio ya mwanafunzi kwa ajili ya hotuba hiyo ni kuongezeka kwa 1 katika taasisi ya database. 4. Uwe na uhakika Kadi ya Smart: Kadi ya Smart, kadi ya chip, au kadi ya mzunguko wa jumuishi (ICC) ni kadi yoyote ya ukubwa wa mfuko ambayo ina mizunguko ya jumuishi iliyoingizwa. Kadi za Smart zinatengenezwa kwa plastiki, kwa ujumla polyvinyl chloride, lakini wakati mwingine polyester ya msingi wa polyethylene terephthalate, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene au polycarbonate. Kadi smart inaweza kuwa ama kuwasiliana au kuwasiliana chini ya kadi smart. Kadi za akili zinaweza kutoa kitambulisho cha kibinafsi, uthibitisho, kuhifadhi data, na usindikaji wa maombi. Mfuatiliaji wa watu (kwa Kiingereza: People counter) ni kifaa cha elektroniki kinachotumiwa kupima idadi ya watu wanaovuka njia fulani au mlango fulani. Footfall: Footfall hupima idadi ya watu ambao huingia duka au biashara katika kipindi fulani cha wakati. Smart kadi wasomaji ni pia inajulikana kama kadi programmers (kwa sababu wanaweza kuandika kwa kadi), kadi terminals, kadi kukubali kifaa (CAD), au kifaa interface (IFD). Kadi ya Smart na msomaji wa kadi huwasiliana, kila mmoja akijitambulisha kwa mwingine kwa kutuma na kupokea habari. Kama ujumbe kubadilishana si mechi, hakuna usindikaji zaidi hufanyika. Kwa hivyo, tofauti na kadi za kawaida za benki, kadi za akili zinaweza kujilinda dhidi ya watumiaji wasioidhinishwa na hutumiwa katika hatua za usalama za ubunifu. Aina ya kadi ya mawasiliano inahusu jinsi mawasiliano kati ya msomaji wa kadi na kadi ya smart hutengenezwa kimwili. Kuna aina mbili za msingi za mawasiliano: mawasiliano ya kutua na mawasiliano ya msuguano (pia inajulikana kama sliding au kufuta). Kwa ajili ya wasomaji kadi featuring msuguano mawasiliano, sehemu ya mawasiliano ni fasta. Wipes mawasiliano juu ya uso wa kadi na chip wakati kadi ni kuingizwa. Kwa ajili ya wasomaji kadi featuring aina ya kutua, sehemu ya mawasiliano ni kusonga. Mawasiliano <unk> ardhi <unk> juu ya chip baada ya kadi ni kabisa kuingizwa. Kwa ujumla, wasomaji wa kadi ya aina ya kutua kutoa ulinzi bora kwa kadi kuliko ile ya aina ya msuguano. Ni kutumika kwa ajili ya alama ya mahudhurio katika taasisi za elimu ambapo usimamizi wa mahudhurio ni yenyewe mchakato wa muda na ngumu. Itakuwa kufanya mfumo wa mahudhurio laini na ya kuaminika. Kushiriki mawazo yako katika maoni Tafadhali kuingia kwa maoni...