Slonim - Cultural Heritage Card
Слонім [Belorussian], סלאָנים [Hibrew], סלונים [Yiddish],
Słonim [Polish], Dramblys [Lithuanian], Слоним [Russian]
Slonim is a town, a district center of Grodno region in the Republic of Belarus.
Historical and natural landscape
It is situated on confluence of the rivers Shchara and Isa, 195 km to South-West from Minsk and 143 km to South-East from Grodno. There is Zhirovichi Orthodox Monastery 10 km from Slonim. The railway station is situated on the way from Baranovichi and Vawkavysk. As of the 1st of January 2013 population of the town was 48,977 people.
Geographic coordinates: 53°05′ N. 25°19′ E (G) (O) (Я)
Slonim appeared on the lands inhabited in early Middle Ages by East Slavic tribe the Dregoviches. Convenient location on the banks of the Shchara river turned the town into a center of highly developed handicrafts and trade.
For the first time Slonim was mentioned in Chronicles in 1040 in the context of the battle of Yaroslav I, Grand Prince of Rus with Lithuanians, residing in close proximity to the Dregoviches. It is stated in Polish Chronicles that in 1040 Yaroslav I vanquished Lithuanians and obliged them to pay tribute.
The first mention of Slonim in Russian Chronicles dates back to the middle of the 13th century when in 1252 the King of Rus' Daniel of Galicia (TN Ukr. Danylo Romanovych Halytski) sent his troops to defeat Lithuanians [TN: Old Slavonic language]: "...sending brother to Vawkavysk and son to Ulonim". Name of Slonim probably comes from old Slavic "uslona" ("vslona") – a barrier or fortification.
Since the middle of the 13th century Slonim was part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. On the 15th of July Slonim regiment took part in the victorious battle of Grundwald against Crusaders. In the following years Slonim experienced a dynamic growth. In 1507-1795 Slonim was the center of the county in Navahrudak province. In 1531 the town received the Magdeburg Law. In 1586 Lev Sapega became the head of Slonim. Notwithstanding the importance of positions held by Lev Sapega in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (deputy chancellor and then chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania) he paid considerate attention to Slonim. In a short period it turned from a small provincial town into an important political center of the Duchy. In the time of Sapega's leadership town castle was reconstructed and modernized, premises of the archive and library were expanded, and a new stone palace was built called Sapieha Palace where in 1597-1685 local Counsel (Seymiks) gathered of the entire Grand Duchy of Lithuania were carried out there, this palace was attended by ambassadors and senators of voivodeships. Povet seymiks (meetings) were also carried out there. During those meetings ambassadors for general seymiks and tribunal deputies were elected. For accepting great amount of noble men Sapega constructed buildings for guests not far from the castle, paved streets and a square, planted gardens and built new bridges. In 1595 he rebuilt the only RC church in the town (situated at the place where now St. Andrey RC church stands) which had been destroyed in 1506. In 1591 Slonim elder Lev Sapega achieved from the king of Poland and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund III Vasa confirmation of the Magdeburg Law for Slonim. It was then that the emblem of the town was approved: a golden lion with a double silver cross and an arrow on a blue field. In 1605 Lev Sapega also helped the town to obtain the right of a warehouse and in the result of that merchants transporting their goods through the town had to stay in Slonim and to perform trading in it. The same year Lev Sapega founded the first weaving workshop in the town.
Slonim belonged to deputy chancellor of Lithuania Casimir Lev Sapega and then to magnates Oginskiys.
During the period of the 16th - the 18th centuries Slonim was a najor trading center. The town became especially well-known thanks to activities of the Great hetman of Lithuania Michail Casimir Ogninskiy. He built several enterprises in Slonim. On his initiative and on his funds a channel was constructed connecting Yaselda (a tributary of Pripyat) with Shchara: within borders of the town the arm of Shchara was aligned (1763-1783). Appearance of the town changed: shopping lines were organized; the town hall and an RC church were built. Name of M.K. Ogninskiy is related with activity of the court theater created in about 1770. Professional Italian and Polish opera singers, dramatic actors, painters, bond chorus and a ballet worked in this theater. Slonim orchestra (choir) was one of the biggest court orchestras in Europe during that period of time both in terms of number of performers (53 persons) and in terms of available musical instruments. Slonim was called "Northern Athens". The palace of Ogninskiy became the place where Ogninskiy's nephew spent his young years. He was the author of polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland".
The first mentioning about Jews in Slonim belongs to 1551 when the town was mentioned in the list of Jewish communities released from paying the tax on Jewish houses ("serebshchizna"). In 1623 Lithuanian vaad attributed Slonim to jurisdiction of Brest-Litovsk qahal. But already in 1626 the town was defined as a separate tax unit and later it became the center of this district (galil) being under influence of Brest-Litovsk.
In the 1630-s when Slonim became the center of carrying out general seyms of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania importance of the town and its community increased significantly. In 1642 a big stone synagogue in baroque style was built here. In 1660 Jews living Slonim suffered in the result of riotous behavior of soldiers of hetman S. Charnetskiy. At the end of the 17th – beginning of the 18th century Jews living in the town dealt in wood and wheat, they also performed distillation and various handicrafts. In the 18th century Ogninsk magnates attracted to Stolim merchants and craftsmen (including Jews). By 1766 the number of Jewish population of the town and its suburbs reached 1,154 people and population of Slonim uyezd (district consisted of 4,289 people).
In pinkos of local Bikur - Kholim there is a record informing about setting an annual fasting in honor of horrors experienced on the 26th Sivan 5524 (the 17th/18th June 1764) when enemy troops approached the town. At the same time it is mentioned that there was a battle between these enemy troops and a Russian squadron. What is meant there is the battle between the Russian troops and the territorial army of Prince Charles Radzivill. This fasting became known as "Khukat Week Wednesday". But very soon this fasting was substituted with collection donations for the hospital.
In 1795 Slonim was included to the Russian Empire and obtained status of a government center. But soon in the result of administrative-territorial reforms it was transformed into an uyezd center (district center).
In the 19th century the number of members in the community was rapidly growing: in 1797 1,360 Jews and Karaites lived in the town. In 1847 number of Jews was 5,700 people and in 1897 the Jewish population was 11,515 people. During the 1880-s there were 21 synagogues in this area and on the eve of the First World War dozens of heders and four Jewish specialized schools worked in the town.
In 1882 in the result of introduction of "Provisional Regulations" a big number of Jews were moved to Slonim from neighboring villages. In the 19th – beginning of the 20th century Slonim Jews dealt in trading (wood, furs and skins) as well as in trading, woodworking, production of metalware, brick burning, tanning; some Jews owned steam powered mills. The first textile factory in the town was grounded in 1826 by a Jewish entrepreneur; the staff of this factory consisted of 35 persons including 20 Jews. By the end of the 19th century about 30 small factories were opened in Slonim. Almost all these factories were owned by Jews. By 1910 Jewish community of the town maintained 7 synagogues, several prayerful houses and heders, a "Talmud-Tora"; there were several Jewish specialized schools (two of them were for men and the other two were for women).
In the middle of the 19th century Avrakham ben Izkhaak Weinberg (1804 – 1883) who was the founder of a new trend in Hasidism and who started the dynaty of tzaddiks Slonim (Slonimer). Yeshivah of Slonim (being one of the most influential in Lithuania and Belarus) appeared under control of this dynasty.
In 1897 the first Jewish trade union was created in Slonim; in 1902 – 1906 branches of such organizations as Bund, Poaley Zion and Zionist Socialist workers' party were organized. In 1905 – 1906 a joined community defense volunteer squad of Jewish Socialist parties acted in the town. In 1913 Jewish workers of the town organized a strike as a mark of protest against Beilis proceedings.
During the period of 1919-1939 Slonim was a part of Poland (the center of Slonim uyezd (district), Novogrud voivodeship). In 1921 Jewish population of the town was 6,917 people (71.7% of the total population). During 1921 – 1927 population of Slonim was 9,643 people.
In Slonim there were "Tarbut" secondary schools where learning was organized in Hebrew; CYSO (Central Yiddish School Organizations) as well as religious schools "Tachkemone" where learning was organized in Yiddish. There were such periodicals as "Unser Journal" (1921 – 1925) and newspaper "Slonimer Wort" (1926 – 1939). There were offices of all political parties working in Poland during the 1930-s. Zionists enjoyed considerable influence. During the 1930-s leaders of this movement were at the head of the community. Not far from the town instructional farm Khe - Haluza was situated.
In September 1939 troops of the Soviet Union entered Slonim.
On the 15th of January 1940 the town became the center of Slonim district, Baranovichi region of Belorussian SSR.
After the start of the Second World War numerous refugees started to arrive to Slonim from Poland which was occupied by the German troops. According to data of the 25th of October 1939 there were 2,000 refugees in Slonim. By the end of 1939 544 refugees living in Slonim were recruited for performing works in eastern regions of Belorussian SSR. But in the following summer the number of refugees in Slonim significantly increased. According to information of the 24th of July 1940 there were 12 thousand of refugees in the town. And according to data of the 30th of October their number was 15,216 (Jews constituted a majority). Presence of great number of refugees in the town created a number of problems: only 2,642 refugees were placed in a job. And that was only 34.7% of all able-bodied refugees. Local authorities could provide refugees mostly with hard and low-payed work and that didn't correspond to the professional structure among the refugees and couldn't change their critical financial position. Refugees’ refusal to take up work was perceived by heads of PCIA (People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs) of Slonim as sabotage. Refugees living in Slonim were accused in applying criminal ways to obtain their means of existence (speculation and theft). Housing situation for refugees in the town was also difficult. 3,370 refugees lived in communal houses, 101.11 people per house. – in private houses in conditions of extreme crowding (1,156 people). – in synagogues (Slonim synagogue in str. Mostovaya-16 became a place of habitation for 29 families and 13 single persons – the total number of inhabitants was 141 persons), in barns – 227 people, in cellars – 24 families, and in former shops and kiosks – 201 persons; some persons were of no fixed abode – 76 persons. So, 11.5% of all refugees living in Slonim occupied premises unsuitable for living or didn't have a roof over their heads. Among refugees there were cases of such diseases as typhus and pediculosis. Synagogues, barns, basements and semibasement premises, shops occupied by refugees were characterized as dirty, unheated and insanitary premises without closets and cesspools. Refugees slept on cement floor and cooked food in the yard. At the end of July 1940 the head of Slonim town department of PCIA in Belorussian SSR Tolmachov wrote a special note to the head of PCIA in Baranovichi region. He proposed to arrest all single refugees without employment and refugees with families were going to be sent to remote regions of the USSR, they had to be forced to work. In the result of deportations number of refugees in Slonim was reduced. Next after establishment of the soviet power full-range liquidation of Jewish communities, religious institutions and political organizations was started. On the 12th of April 1940 PCIA deported about a thousand of Zionists to Siberia; and several months later Bund activists were also deported to Siberia. Such well-known Jewish leaders as doctor Shmuel Weis, doctor Isaak Efros, vice mayor Boris Piasetskiy, Itche Siatitskiy, Yezerskiy, Gurvich, Dapkovskiy were also sent to exile.
In the eve of invasion of German troops to the territory of the USSR 22 thousand Jews lived in Slonim and that was 2/3 of the total population of the town.
Slonim was occupied on 25th-26th of June 1941. According to the new administrative-territorial division Slonim town became the center of that district (Gebiet) being a part of the general region "Belarus" of the Reich Commission "Ostland". Duties of Slonim Gebietscommissar were performed by Gerhard Erren his deputy (Stableiter) Junker Ditrich Gick was at the head of Jewish Affairs department. Alexander Kisly was appointed the Burgomaster of Slonim.
Two weeks after the start of occupation Jews were ordered to wear yellow six-pointed David stars or a yellow patch on their chests and backs. Jews were prohibited to use public transport to walk on pavements to appear in the market and in various institutions; they were also prohibited to deal in trading, to be engaged in carting and hairdressing.
80-year old Wolf Berman was appointed the chairman of Judenrat (earlier he was the director of a bank and a gabbai synagogue). The Jewish board consisted of Yakov Goldfarb, Moshe Zakgeim, Joseph-Mordekhay Ripp, Karpl Ripp, Homak, Noach Midz, Payus, Yakov Rabinovich. Department of labor in Judenrat was engaged in organization of compulsory works. It was headed by Gershon Kvint. Misha Lotz became the head of the Jewish police; Max Rabinovich was his deputy. The staff of the police consisted of 30 persons. These were mainly refugees from Poland.
The first mass extermination of Jews in Slonim was carried out on the 14th of July 1941. At 09:00 a.m. Germans surrounded a part of the town and started to drive out middle aged Jewish men and youths from the houses. First these people were beaten and then they were driven along the road to the town square and then to the building of the town theater. Men were informed that they were going to be sent for performing works. The people were taken to Petrolevichi hill (also known as Petrolavsk hill, Curved hill or Petrolevits) situated 7 km from Slonim not far from village Petrolivichi 1. Shooting was performed by Einsatzcommand 8 and the 1st company of the 316th Police battalion. During this action several members of Judenrat and rabbi Yeguda Fein were killed. In total (according to various data) 1,100 - 1,400 Jews were shot dead on that day. In some sources a more precise number of killed people is presented (1,255 persons).
After this first action the Judenrat was headed by Gershon Kvint. Max Rabinovich became his deputy.
Jewish population of Slonim was divided into 3 categories depending on the level of their usefulness for occupation authorities. The first category included workers of Judenrat and the Jewish police, Jewish medical workers and craftsmen. The second group included all other able-bodied Jews. And the third category consisted of women, elderly people, disabled people, and persons with a higher education level.
Jews of Slonim were engaged in compulsory works in open pits (rock excavation) as loader workmen at the railway station; they took sunken logs out of the river. Their working day lasted 8 hours. Groups of Jews were sent to works under guard. Each group was usually headed by one of Jewish policemen. The ration of Jews engaged in works consisted of 250 g of bread mixed with beans. Slonim Jews sometimes hired Jews from among refugees to perform works instead of them (these refugees experienced great need). Many Jews had permanent employment at handicraft workshops. Member of the Judenrat Payus was allowed to open a small textile factory where Jews were employed.
For health servicing of Jewish population in 1941 Judenrat organized a Jewish policlinic (headed by physician Gavarin) and a Jewish hospital (headed by physician Blumovich). In order to provide medical institutions with the most essential items Judenrat called people to provide all possible assistance and Jews living in Slonim donated beds, clothes, linen and bedclothes.
Occupation authorities announced the Jewish population an order to give up the rest of food. Raids were carried out in Jewish houses and foodstuffs exceeding the admitted norm were confiscated. Those who broke the order were shot dead. After confiscation of food the authorities informed about collection of indemnity: Jews had to give 2 million of rubles. By means of confiscations of Jewish property supply of German civil and military institutions with furniture and other household items was performed. Belongings confiscated from the Jewish population which were unsuitable for the occupation authorities were transferred for resale among citizens of the town. Earnings obtained in the result of this resale were obtained by German institutions.
The second action of extermination of Jewish population in Slonim was organized by rifle division service on the 14th of November 1941. In report of Gebietscommissar Erren it is stated that on the eve of this action 16,000 Jews lived in Slonim. More than 10 thousand of people including all members of Judenrat were delivered in cars to Chepelevo situated 12 km from Slonim where they were shot dead. According to data presented by Slonim district Special State Committee 8 graves were found in Chepelev fields. In one of these graves 14,800 old people, women and children had been buried. Some wounded people managed to get out of pits and to come back to the town. Jewish physicians took them to hospital but the occupation authorities learned about that fact and all wounded Jews were shot dead. Only one person, Yasha Shepetinskiy stayed alive after the second action. According to opinion of gebietscommissar G. Erren extermination of "useless" Jews could solve the housing problem and food problem in the town. The second composition of Judenrat was defined (it included Khanoan Stenberg, Gershen Berenstein, Yakov Lubovich, Chaim Ruzhanskiy, Leon Smolinskiy). In the beginning of December 1941 Y.D. Gik presented the Judenrat with a plan of creating a ghetto and Jews were engaged in erection of columns and construction of a barbed wire fence. According to the order all windows, doors and gates overlooking the street with the ghetto fencing had to be tightly closed. On the 24th of December 1941 it was announced that all Jews of Slonim had to move to the ghetto. It was permitted to carry goods in carts but it was prohibited to bring furniture to the ghetto. High density of population in the ghetto as well as insanitary conditions brought to outbreak of typhus but thanks to efforts of Jewish physicians the epidemic was averted. Only working groups of people could leave the ghetto but they had to come back not later than 6:00 p.m. Only skilled specialists could use individual routes to get to place of work. These specialists were given a yellow bandage with an inscription in German giving information about the specialty and the place of work. From inside borders of the ghetto were guarded by the Jewish police and from outside the borders were guarded by the Polish police. Some specialists were permitted to live outside the ghetto and to have their own workshops. Zelik Milikovskiy and Ilya Abramovskiy kept a joiner's workshop on the skirts of the town and produced furniture on orders of occupancy authorities. Brothers Matus and Shimon Snovskiys owned a locksmith's workshop and on orders of German authorities they performed darkening, polishing and electrodepositing of personal weapon of German soldiers. Finkel and Yakov Khatskelevichs were owners of a smithy in Pervomayskaya street and Gerz Shepetinskiy, Arsik Bandt and Abram Doktorchik worked in a smithy situated in Operniy lane. Some physicians were also permitted to live and work outside the ghetto (for example, physician Volkhovskiy).
After the second action of extermination Jews started to construct hideouts (double walls or masked subfloors).
From January up to March of 1942 Jews from Derechin, Golynka, Bytenia, Ivantsevichi, Kossovo were moved to the ghetto of Slonim. In order to solve the food problem the occupancy authorities permitted Jews to go out of the town for buying potatoes.
In May 1942 500 Jewish men were sent from Slonim to Mahilyow for performing works. Some Jews escaped from the Slonim ghetto where according to their opinion they had more chances to rescue.
After the November action of extermination of Jews in the Slonim ghetto an underground organization was formed. It was an antifascist committee composed of Zionist youths. Among leaders of Slonim underground there were such personalities as Zorakh Kremen, Nionia Zirinskiy, Aviyezer Inber, Arik Stein, Anshel Deliatitskiy, Yakov and Gertsel Shapetitskiys, Natan Liker, Peysakh Alpert, David Epstein, Shepsel, Grisha and Yakov Gringauzes.
In Slonim there was a warehouse of trophies of war (“boytelager”) Great amounts of military ammunition were kept there. Under supervision of Germans and policemen ghetto prisoners had to repair and to clean weapons. Members of the underground brought out separate units of weapons, grenades, riffles, outfits. A German Jew-engineer Erich Stein became a member of the underground organization. He was at the head of workers in the boytelager and it significantly facilitated the work on taking out weapons. After establishment of communications with partisans lots of weapons, worm clothes, soap, salt radio receivers were started to be sent from the ghetto in Slonim. Physicians Abram Blumovich and Orlinskaya helped to provide partisans with medicaments. Members of the underground kept stockpiles of weapons outside the ghetto in places where Jews worked - in workshops and in the synagogue where the occupancy authorities organized a warehouse of agricultural machinery for the Central trading society "Vostok". With a help of the Judenrat fraudulent documents for works in villages were issued and so members of the underground had an opportunity to maintain regular contacts with partisans. After getting in touch with Shchors partisan party (headed by P.V. Proniagin) members of the underground started to go to the forest alone or in smaller groups.
The third action of extermination of Jewish population in Slonim was organized on the 29th of June 1942. The ghetto was surrounded. Groups of people were transported in trucks to the place of execution in Petrolevichi where pits were dug out (4 meters wide, 5 meters deep and 150 meters long). The action was performed by special mopping-up detachments headed by Untersturmfuhrer SS Amelung was well as by the 18th Lettish police battalion headed by mayor Rubenis. Members of underground offered armed resistence: 8 Germans were killed, 7 Germans were wounded. Many Jews found shelter in "hideouts". In order to make people to leave the hideouts punishers set the ghetto on fire. The hospital with 40 patients was burnt. Many of those who were hiding there suffocated in the smoke or were burnt alive. About 10 thousand people were exterminated during this action. According to the order of the occupancy authorities only few hundreds of Jewish specialists were left alive. In the "smaller ghetto" 700 men and 100 women were kept.
After the third action of extermination borders of the ghetto were significantly reduced. It was situated between bridges of Ogninskiy channel and Shchara river. Inspection of workers moving from the ghetto and outside of it became much tighter. Medical and sanitary situation and the matter of food provision were escalated. Members of Slonim underground took a decision to go to the forest where they were going to join partisans. Acting in accordance with an organized plan prisoners of the ghetto managed to leave the town and to take a great amount of weapons with them. More than 70 armed young Jews were admitted to Shchors partisan party. Other several hundreds of people organized a "family camp". This camp included many specialists who continued to render help to partisans (sewing military ammunition, repairing weapons). In late autumn after Shchors partisan party left Lolchinogorsk forests the "family camp" was almost completely smashed. Smaller groups of prisoners continued to join Shchors partisan party. Most of them were defined to the 51st group consisting of four platoons and including 125 soldiers (it was headed by a Homel Jew Yakov Fedorovich). The 51st group took an active part in organizing diversions, undermining trains, fights with the enemy, release of more than 200 prisoners from Kossovo ghetto on the 2nd August 1942.
On the 20th of Aufust 1942 a new action of extermination of Jews was organized in Slonim. In December 1942 the last ghetto prisoners were shot dead.
About 400 Jews managed to escape from Slonim ghetto. Many of them took part in the Resistance movement.
On the 10th of July 1942 Slonim was released by troops of the 1st Belorussian front.
(just existing objects).
Construction of Slonim synagogue was started in 1642 in the baroque style. According to historical sources the synagogue was planned as an important part of the town defense system. Probably strong walls of the synagogue could be explained by this fact. These walls provided a secure preservation for the rich and unique interior of the synagogue decorated with numerous ornaments.
The stone building of the Main synagogue was erected upon permission of Vladislav IV given in 1635 on the place of the wooden synagogue which had been destroyed by a fire. Architectural distinction of the synagogue from the RC church had to be provided. The building had to resemble other synagogues of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. But the synagogue obtained a standard sacral baroque appearance which was typical for temples of RC monasteries. According to tectonics two parts of the buildings can be distinguished: the main volume and the roofing with a swell plastic fronton. Architectural concept of the main volume corresponds to traditions of the synagogue art: thick walls, elongated arched windows (niches situated in two layers). Windows of the first layer are situated very low. They are twice thinner than upper windows and as a rule they are situated haphazardly. The last mentioned feature was quite peculiar for location of window apertures of synagogues especially on ground floors. The ground floor of Slonim Main synagogue extends beyond borders of the main volume in form of perimetritic additional buildings. Windows of the second level are compositionally more organized and create a calm rythm. A round window over the entrance logically corresponds to the round aperture in the front part. Walls are crowned with a wide cornice. And on the main facade it turns into eaves. Over the eaves a separate fronton part of the main facade is started. Its base is formed as a high parapet with flat niches and pilasters on edges and in the middle which separate the space of the fronton into three parts. The upper border of the parapet is fixed by means of an eaves control rod. The plastic fronton stands above it majestically. The central part of it is outlined with coupled pilasters which are based on the middle pilasters of the parapet. Wavy end of the fonton is continued with a curvilinear transition to the parapet. In the result of that a unified dynamic and dense silhouette was created. Curvilinear forms are supplemented with cornice profiles. Points of transition (between curvilinear and rectilinear forms) are fixed by means of decorative balusters. The architectural style of the Main facade of the synagogue includes evident compositional and plastic traces of Grodno baroque school (the 17th - the 18th centuries).
The synagogue is presented as a compact and quite high central volume of the hall with adjacent lower premises. A high roof and processing of the flank front with a figured shield makes its architecture more like baroque towerless RC churches. Construction of the synagogue was finished in 1648 and in the 18th century it was a bit reconstructed although a certain part of the initial plasterwork and paintings has been preserved. The building was significantly damaged during Napoleon invasion but later in the middle of the 19th century it was reconstructed.
The synagogue was in use up to 1940. After the Second World War its building was used as a warehouse and in 2000 it was brought back to believers. Now the building is in in a deplorable state. It is falling into decay. It can be saved only by means of urgent restoration. Attempts of such restoration have already been made by the Committee on Protection of Historical and Cultural Heritage of Belarus under direct support of Jews natives of Slonim who now live in Israel. But the restoration hasn't been completed. In 2000 a part of the building was completely brought down. In 2001 the building of this synagogue was transfered into ownership of Jewish Religious Society in Belarus.
Two buildings of synagogues built in the beginning of the 20th century have also been preserved in Slonim.
St. Andrew the Apostle RC Church str. Yanki Kupaly, 42) – it was built during 1770-1775 at the place of a wooden RC church destroyed in the second half of the 17th century. During the soviet period this temple was closed and was used as a salt warehouse. After the restoration in 1993 the temple was consecrated for the second time. It belongs to late Vilno baroque. St. Apostle Andrew Temple is presented as a one-nave rectangular building with small vestries on sides of the presbytery. The high nave (14 m high) is covered with cylindrical arches and lighted through arched windows. Symmetric towers are located on sides of the facade. These towers are placed at an angle to the plane of the facade. In niches under the entrance wooden sculptures of Apostles Peter and Pavel are situated. The main altar is an important part of the temple interior. It is performed in the rococo style. Walls are decorated with paintings and plasterwork.
St. Dominik roadside Chapel (corner of str. Mitskevicha and Str. Pushkina) – it was built in 1745. The chapel is presented as a small tier-like construction resembling the upper tier of an RC church tower. It includes simplified baroque forms. Under a stone baldachin there is a sculpture of St. Dominik.
The RC Church of Immaculate Conception of Virgin Mary – it is a part of an architectural complex of the bernardine monastery constructed on funds of Konstantin Yudnitskiy in 1648. In 1664 construction of the temple was started and in 1670 it was finished. In the middle of the 18th century the building of this RC church was modernized in the rococo style. Unfortunately this building was completely destroyed in the result of a fire. A new building of this RC church was constructed in 1793.
The first monument represented as a 12-meter obelisk eternizing memory of victims of the fascist terror in Slonim was established in 1964 at the place where prisoners of Slonim ghetto had been shot dead in June-July 1942 not far from village Petrolevichi 1 in Curved Hill district. In 1967 steles in commemoration of Slonim citizens killed in Chepelev fields and not far from Slonim-Baranovichi highway. In 1979 a stela was set 5 km from the town in Morgi district, on the right side of Slonim - Derevnaya highway where in 1942 about 2 thousand Jews were shot dead and buried. In 1994 at the place of former cemetery in Slonim a memorial complex was opened (its author is architect L. Levin). This complex memorialized victims of Holocaust in Slonim and other Slonim district settlements. Entrance to the memorial is executed in form of an arch of gate of the old Jewish cemetery.
Slonim is the birth place of some well-known personalities.
Yelena Borisovna Kurilo (Olena Borysivna Kurylo) (1890-1946) — a soviet linguist.
Iyehiyeli, Yehiyel (יחיאל יחיאלי) (1937—1866) — an Israel pedagogue.
Meron, Israel (ישראל מרום (מרמינסקי)) (1976—1891) — an activist of the Zionist movement.
Avraam Slonimer (1802-1884) – a well-known talmudist and tzaddik, the founder of Slonim Hasidic dynasty; he was a private teacher of Talmud and then he became a tzaddik in Slonim. Out of his literary works only one was published. It was "Chesed le-Abrabam" (חםד לאנרהם).
Museums, archives, libraries, private collections
Slonim district history museum named after I.I. Stabrovskiy is one of the oldest museums of this district. The museum was founded by archeologist and local history student Josef Iosifovich Stabrovskiy who was a native of Orlovichi farmstead (Slonim district). He was a heriditary nobleman, a colonel of the Russian army, participant of the First World War. He devoted his entire life to learning the history of his motherland. These are his ethnographic, numismatic, mineralogical and other collections became the basis for the first museum exposition presented in Slonim. The museum opened its doors for visitors on the 20th of September 1929. In 1957 a two-storied building was presented for the museum in Lenina square No1 where the museum is situated up to date. The total museum fund includes more than 23,000 exhibits including such items as a stone idol, a collection of coins belonging to the 17th - the 19th centuries as well as Polish-Lithuanian coins of the 16th - the 18th centuries, a collection of documents of the 16th - the 19th centuries, a bronze bust of Napoleon performed in Paris in 1885, a colored plan of Slonim belonging to 1885, plans of separate estates of the 18th - the 19th centuries, collections of ancient manuscripts of the 16th - the 19th centuries.
Up to date Slonim has got such institutions as Y.Kolas Central District Library, 5 libraries being branches of the network of public libraries in Slonim district, A. Pushkin Children's Library.
Численность населения на 1 января 2013 года и среднегодовая численность населения за 2012 год по Республике Беларусь в разрезе областей, районов, городов, поселков городского типа // Национальный статистический комитет Республики Беларусь. Мн., 2013. С. 12.
Лепко Е.В. Есть у города слава гордая : Краевед. очерки / Е.Лепко. Слоним: Слоним. тип., 2002. 91с.
Древние города Беларуси: замки, дворцы, резиденции. [Гродненская область] // Шумов, С. Удивительная Беларусь/ Сергей Шумов, Александр Андреев. М., 2008. С. 247-309.
Мелешко В. Слоним. Мн.: Государственное издательство БССР. Редакция социально- экономической литературы, 1962. С. 3- 4.
Локотко А.И. Архитектура европейских синагог. Мн.: Ураджай, 2002. С. 84-86.
Eberhardt P. Przemiany narodowościowe na Białorusi. Warszawa, 1994. S. 68.
Войтещик А.С. Местечки Западной Беларуси (1921 – 1939 гг.): социально-экономическое и культурное развитие : дисс. на соиск. уч. степени канд.ист. наук. Гродно, 2013. С. 145.
Gnatowski M. Radziecka administracja wojskowa na polnocno-wschodnich ziemiach i scenarjusze ich aneksji w radzieckich dokumentach. Wrzesien – grudzien 1939 // Studja Podlaskie. IX. Bialystok, 1999. S. 177-178.
Государственный архив Брестской области (ГАБО). Ф. 7580 «П». Оп. 1. Д. 9. Л. 76.
ГАБО. Ф. 7580 «П». Оп. 1. Д. 26. Л. 279, 280.
ГАБО. Ф. 7580 «П». Оп. 1. Д. 9. Л. 54, 76, 77, 78.
ГАБО. Ф. 7580 «П». Оп. 1. Д. 9. Л. 54, 76, 77.
ГАБО. Ф. 7580 «П». Оп. 1. Д. 29. Л. 133, 282.
Alpert N. The Destruction of Slonim Jewry: The Story of the Jews of Slonim during the Holocaust. – New York: Holocaust Library, 1989. Р. 50-55, 57, 99-102, 195.
Encyclopedie of the Holocaust: 4 vols / Ed. by I. Gutman. – Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1990. V. 1-4. Р. 1363-1365.
ГАРФ. Ф. 7021. Оп. 148. Д. 502. Л. 1-17.
Преступления немецко-фашистских оккупантов в Белоруссии. Документы и материалы. Мн.: Беларусь, 1965. С. 207-208.
Трагедия евреев Белоруссии (1941-1944 гг.). Сборник материалов и документов / Отв. ред. Р.А. Черноглазова. Минск: Издатель Э.С. Гальперин, 1997. – С. 112, 113, 245-247.
Циринский Н. Подполье Слонимского гетто // Вестник еврейского университета в Москве. – 1995. – № 2 (9). – С. 212-213, 215, 216, 217, 224-227, 232, 233.
Ботвинник М. Памятники геноцида евреев Беларуси. – Минск, 2000. – С. 245, 266, 267.
Żbikowski A. U genezy Jedwabnego. Żydzi na Kresach Północno-Wschodnich II Rzeczypospolitej, wrzesień 1939 – lipiec 1941. Warszawa, 2006. S. 332, 355, 385.
Cholawski S. The Jews of Bielorussia during World War II. Amsterdam, 1998. P. 86, 106, 145-146, 162.
Уничтожение евреев СССР в годы немецкой оккупации (1941-1944). Сборник документов и материалов / Ред. И. Арад. – Иерусалим: Яд Ва-Шем, 1992. – С. 197-199.
Abramowitsch L. Die faschistische Gehenna am Beispiel des Ghettos der Stadt Slonim // “Morgens brauchte man nicht mehr mit “Heil Hitler” zu grussen”. Deutsch-russische Erinnerungen / Ed. A. Huckebrink. – Munster: agenda Verlag, 1996. – S. 144-164.
Иоффе Э.Белорусские евреи. Трагедия и героизм. 1941-1945. – Минск, 2003. – С. 181, 310.
Розенблат Е., Еленская И. Пружаны // Холокост на территории СССР: Энциклопедия. – М.: Российская политическая энциклопедия (РОССПЭН): Научно-просветительский центр “Холокост”, 2011. – С. 909-912.
Чантурия В.А. Архитектурные памятники Слонима. Минск: Издательство «Полымя», 1984. С. 3.
Slonim - Kadi ya Urithi wa Utamaduni Слоним [Belarusian], Слане [Hebrew], Слоне [Yiddish], Слоним [Polish], Драмблис [Lithuanian], Слоним [Russian] Slonim ni mji, kituo cha wilaya ya mkoa wa Grodno katika Jamhuri ya Belarus. Mji huo uko kwenye makutano ya mito ya Shchera na Isa, kilomita 195 kusini magharibi kutoka Minsk na kilomita 143 kusini mashariki kutoka Grodno. Mji mkuu wa Zhirovichi ni Mji wa Orthodox wa Zhirovichi, karibu na mji wa Slonim. Kituo cha reli iko juu ya njia kutoka Baranovichi na Vawkavysk. Kuanzia Januari 1, 2013, idadi ya watu katika mji huo ilikuwa 48,977. Mji wa Slonim ulianzishwa katika karne ya kwanza ya karne ya XNUMX na watu wa kabila la Slavic la Dregovici. Eneo lenye kufaa kwenye kingo za mto Shchara liligeuza mji huo kuwa kitovu cha ufundi na biashara iliyoendelea sana. Slonim ilitajwa kwa mara ya kwanza katika Mambo ya Nyakati ya 1040 katika muktadha wa vita vya Yaroslav I, Mkuu wa Rus, na Lithuania, ambao waliishi karibu na Dregovichi. Katika mwaka wa 1040 M.K., Yaroslav I wa Poland aliwashinda Walithuania na kuwaamuru walipe kodi. "Slonim ni jina la kwanza katika ""Sloni"" katika Russian Chronicle, ambayo ni jina la kwanza katika karne ya 13 na ni jina la kwanza katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim"" katika ""Slonim."""" "Danylo Romanovich Halitski aliwatuma askari wake kuwashinda Walithuania, ""akimtuma ndugu yake Vavkavysk na mwanawe Ulonim.""" Jina la Slonim pengine linatokana na Old Slavic "uslona" ("vslona") <unk> kizuizi au ngome. Tangu karne ya 13 Slonim ilikuwa sehemu ya Grand Duchy ya Lithuania. 15 Julai - Jeshi la Slonim linashiriki katika vita vya Grundwald dhidi ya wapiganaji wa msalaba. Katika miaka iliyofuata Slonim ilipata ukuzi wenye nguvu. 1507 - Slonim, mji mkuu wa mkoa wa Navahrudak Mwaka 1531 mji wa Magdeburg ulipokea sheria ya Magdeburg. Mwaka 1586 Lev Sapega akawa mkuu wa Slonim. Licha ya umuhimu wa nafasi zilizoshikiliwa na Lev Sapega katika Grand Duchy ya Lithuania (msaidizi wa kansela na kisha kansela wa Grand Duchy ya Lithuania) alitoa tahadhari ya kuzingatia Slonim. Katika kipindi kifupi kiligeuka kutoka mji mdogo wa mkoa kuwa kituo muhimu cha kisiasa cha Duchy. Wakati wa utawala wa Sapius, ngome ya mji ilijengwa upya na kuboreshwa, majengo ya kumbukumbu na maktaba yaliongezwa, na jumba jipya la mawe lilijengwa, Jumba la Sapieha, ambapo katika 1597-1685 Mshauri wa Mitaa (Seymiks) walikusanyika katika Grand Duchy nzima ya Lithuania. Mikutano ya Povet seymiks (makusanyiko) pia ilifanywa huko. Wakati wa mikutano hiyo mabalozi kwa seymiks ya jumla na wabunge wa mahakama walichaguliwa. Kwa kukubali idadi kubwa ya watu mashuhuri Sapega kujengwa majengo kwa ajili ya wageni si mbali na ngome, barabara paved na mraba, kupandwa bustani na kujengwa madaraja mapya. Mnamo mwaka wa 1595 alijenga upya kanisa la kanisa la St. Andrew lililokuwa limeharibiwa mwaka wa 1506. Mwaka 1591 mzee wa Slonim Lev Sapieha alipata kutoka kwa mfalme wa Poland na Grand Duke wa Lithuania Sigismund III Vasa uthibitisho wa Sheria ya Magdeburg kwa Slonim. Wakati huo ndipo alama ya mji ilipokubaliwa: simba wa dhahabu mwenye msalaba wa fedha mara mbili na mshale kwenye uwanja wa bluu. Mwaka 1605, Lev Sapega alisaidia mji kupata haki ya ghala, na kwa sababu hiyo, wafanyabiashara waliosafirisha bidhaa zao kupitia mji huo walipaswa kukaa Slonim na kufanya biashara ndani yake. Mwaka huohuo Lev Sapega alianzisha warsha ya kwanza ya kushona katika mji. Slonim ilikuwa mali ya naibu kansela wa Lithuania Casimir Lev Sapega na kisha kwa magnates Oginskiys. Katika karne ya 16 na 18, Slonim ilikuwa kituo cha biashara cha Najor. Mji huo ulijulikana hasa kwa sababu ya shughuli za Hetman Mkuu wa Lithuania Michail Casimir Ogninskiy. Alijenga makampuni kadhaa huko Slonim. Kwa mpango wake na kwa fedha zake, mfereji ulijengwa kuunganisha Yaselda (mto wa Pripyat) na Shchara: ndani ya mipaka ya mji mkono wa Shchara ulifungwa (1763-1783). Muonekano wa mji ulibadilika: mistari ya ununuzi iliandaliwa; jumba la halmashauri ya mji na kanisa la RC lilijengwa. Jina la M.K. Ogninsky ni kuhusiana na shughuli ya ukumbi wa michezo wa mahakama iliyoundwa karibu 1770. Waimbaji wa opera wa kitaalamu wa Italia na Kipolishi, waigizaji wa michezo ya kuigiza, wachoraji, kwaya ya dhamana na ballet walifanya kazi katika ukumbi huu wa michezo. Slonim Orchestra (kwaya) ilikuwa moja ya makundi makubwa ya muziki ya mahakama ya Ulaya wakati huo, kwa idadi ya watendaji (53 watu) na kwa vyombo vya muziki vilivyopatikana. Slonim iliitwa "Athene ya Kaskazini". Jumba la kifalme la Ogninskiy likawa mahali ambapo mpwa wa Ogninskiy alitumia miaka yake ya ujana. Alikuwa mwandishi wa polonaise "Farewell to the Motherland". "Kama ilivyotajwa hapo awali, mji wa Slonim ulijulikana kama ""Slonim"" kwa sababu ya idadi ya Wayahudi waliokubaliwa na serikali ya Kirusi, na kwa sababu ya sheria ya Slonim ya ""serebschizna.""" Mwaka 1623 Valaid ya Lithuania ilitoa Slonim kwa mamlaka ya Brest-Litovsk qahal. Lakini tayari katika 1626 mji huo ulifafanuliwa kama kitengo tofauti cha kodi na baadaye ikawa kituo cha wilaya hii (galil) ikiwa chini ya ushawishi wa Brest-Litovsk. Katika miaka ya 1630, wakati Slonim ikawa kituo cha kufanya seyms ya jumla ya Grand Duchy ya Lithuania, umuhimu wa mji na jamii yake uliongezeka sana. Mnamo mwaka wa 1642, kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la Baroque lilijengwa. Mwaka 1660 Wayahudi walioishi Slonim walipatwa na matokeo ya tabia ya ghasia ya askari wa hetman S. Charnetsky. Katika karne ya 17 na 18 Wayahudi waliishi katika mji huo na biashara ya mbao na ngano, pia walifanya distillation na ufundi mbalimbali. Katika karne ya 18, Ogninsk magnates kuvutia kwa Stolim wafanyabiashara na mafundi (ikiwa ni pamoja na Wayahudi). Kufikia mwaka 1766 idadi ya Wayahudi katika mji huo na vitongoji vyake ilifikia watu 1,154 na idadi ya watu katika wilaya ya Slonim (mkoa huo ulikuwa na watu 4,289). Katika pinkos ya Bikur-Kholim kuna rekodi inayoarifu juu ya kuweka kufunga kwa kila mwaka kwa heshima ya hofu zilizopatikana mnamo 26 Sivan 5524 (Juni 17-18 1764) wakati majeshi ya adui yalipokaribia mji. Wakati huohuo inatajwa kwamba kulikuwa na vita kati ya majeshi haya ya adui na kikosi cha Urusi. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""mashambulizi"" hayo yalifanyika wakati wa vita kati ya majeshi ya Urusi na jeshi la eneo la Prince Charles Radzively." Kufunga huko kulikuja kujulikana kuwa "Siku ya Jumatano ya Juma la Khukat". Lakini upesi sana kufunga huko kulibadilishwa na michango ya kukusanya kwa ajili ya hospitali. Mnamo mwaka wa 1795, Slonim ilijumuishwa katika Milki ya Urusi na kupata hadhi ya kituo cha serikali. Lakini hivi karibuni katika matokeo ya mageuzi ya kiutawala-eneo ilibadilishwa kuwa kituo cha uyezd (kituo cha wilaya). Katika karne ya 19 idadi ya washiriki katika jamii hiyo ilikuwa ikiongezeka haraka: katika 1797 Wayahudi na Wakaraite 1,360 waliishi katika mji huo. Mwaka 1847 idadi ya Wayahudi ilikuwa 5,700 na mwaka 1897 idadi ya Wayahudi ilikuwa 11,515. Katika miaka ya 1880, kulikuwa na 21 sinagogi katika eneo hili, na kabla ya Vita Kuu ya Kwanza ya Dunia, kadhaa ya hedgers na shule nne ya kipekee ya Kiyahudi walifanya kazi katika mji. Mwaka 1882 katika matokeo ya kuanzishwa kwa "Masharti ya Muda" idadi kubwa ya Wayahudi walihamishwa Slonim kutoka vijiji jirani. Katika karne ya 19 na mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20, Wayahudi wa Slonim walifanya biashara (miti, manyoya na ngozi) na pia katika biashara, kazi ya mbao, uzalishaji wa vifaa vya chuma, kuchoma matofali, kutengeneza ngozi; baadhi ya Wayahudi walikuwa na viwanda vya mvuke. Kiwanda cha nguo cha kwanza katika mji huo kilianzishwa mwaka 1826 na mfanyabiashara Myahudi; wafanyakazi wa kiwanda hicho walikuwa watu 35, wakiwemo Wayahudi 20. Kufikia mwishoni mwa karne ya 19, karibu viwanda 30 vidogo vilifunguliwa huko Slonim. Karibu viwanda hivyo vyote vilikuwa vya Wayahudi. Kufikia mwaka wa 1910, jumuiya ya Kiyahudi ya mji huo ilikuwa na masinagogi saba, nyumba kadhaa za sala na hekalu, Talmud-Torah, na shule kadhaa za kipekee za Kiyahudi (mbili kati ya hizo zilikuwa za wanaume na nyingine mbili zilikuwa za wanawake). Avraham ben Izhak Weinberg (1804-1883) alikuwa mwanzilishi wa dini ya Khasidi na mwanzilishi wa nasaba ya Tzaddik Shlomim. Yeshivah ya Slonim (kuwa moja ya wenye ushawishi mkubwa zaidi nchini Lithuania na Belarus) ilionekana chini ya udhibiti wa nasaba hii. Mwaka 1897 chama cha wafanyakazi wa Kiyahudi cha kwanza kilianzishwa huko Slonim; mwaka 1902 na 1906 matawi ya mashirika kama vile Bund, Poale Zion na Chama cha Wafanyakazi wa Kisoshalisti cha Kiyahudi yalianzishwa. Mwaka 1905-1906 kikundi cha kujitolea cha ulinzi wa jamii ya Wayahudi wa Kisoshalisti kilifanya kazi katika mji huo. Mwaka 1913 wafanyakazi Wayahudi wa mji huo walipanga mgomo wa maandamano dhidi ya uamuzi wa Beilis. Miongoni mwa miji ya Poland ya zamani ni Slonim, ambayo ilikuwa sehemu ya wilaya ya Novogrod. Katika mwaka wa 1921 idadi ya Wayahudi katika mji huo ilikuwa 6,917 (71.7% ya jumla ya idadi ya watu). Katika kipindi cha mwaka wa 1921 hadi 1927, idadi ya watu wa Slonim ilikuwa watu 9,643. "Kuna shule za sekondari za ""Tarbut"" ambazo elimu ilikuwa imepangwa kwa Kiebrania, na shule za kidini za ""Tachkemone"" ambazo elimu ilikuwa imepangwa kwa Kiyidish." "Kama vile ""Underworld"" (1921-1925), ""Snowflake"" (1926-1939), na ""Snowflake"" (1929-1939), ni vitabu vya zamani vya Ujerumani." Katika miaka ya 1930 na 1920, makundi ya kisiasa ya Poland yalifanya kazi katika eneo hilo, na kwa sababu hiyo, Wayahudi walianza kujihusisha na siasa za Kiyahudi. Katika miaka ya 1930 viongozi wa harakati hiyo walikuwa wakiongoza jamii. Si mbali na mji wa kufundisha shamba Khe - Haluza ilikuwa iko. Mnamo Septemba 1939, majeshi ya Urusi yaliingia Slonim. 15 Januari 1940 mji wa Slonim ulikuja kuwa kituo cha wilaya ya Slonim, Baranovichi mkoa wa Belarusian SSR. Baada ya kuanza kwa Vita vya Pili vya Ulimwengu wakimbizi wengi walianza kufika Slonim kutoka Poland ambayo ilikuwa imeshikwa na majeshi ya Ujerumani. Kulingana na takwimu za Oktoba 25, 1939, kulikuwa na wakimbizi 2,000 katika Slonim. Kufikia mwaka 1939, wakimbizi 544 waliokuwa wakiishi Slonim waliandikishwa kufanya kazi katika maeneo ya mashariki ya Jamhuri ya Kisovieti ya Belarusi. Lakini katika majira ya kiangazi yaliyofuata idadi ya wakimbizi katika Slonim iliongezeka sana. Kulingana na taarifa za tarehe 24 Julai 1940, kulikuwa na wakimbizi 12,000 katika mji huo. Kulingana na takwimu za Oktoba 30, idadi yao ilikuwa 15,216 (Wayahudi walikuwa wengi). Uwepo wa idadi kubwa ya wakimbizi katika mji huo ulileta matatizo kadhaa: wakimbizi 2,642 tu waliwekwa katika kazi. Hii ni asilimia 34.7 tu ya wakimbizi wote wenye uwezo wa kufanya kazi. Wenye mamlaka za mitaa waliweza kuwapa wakimbizi kazi ngumu na inayolipwa chini na hiyo haikulingana na muundo wa kitaaluma kati ya wakimbizi na haikuweza kubadilisha hali yao muhimu ya kifedha. Kukataa kwa wakimbizi kuchukua kazi kulionwa na wakuu wa PCIA (Commissariat ya Watu kwa Masuala ya Ndani) ya Slonim kama uharibifu. Wakimbizi wanaoishi katika Slonim walishtakiwa kwa kutumia njia za uhalifu ili kupata njia zao za kuishi (mashindano na wizi). Hali ya makazi ya wakimbizi katika mji huo pia ilikuwa ngumu. Wakimbizi hao waliishi katika nyumba za watu 3,370, na kila nyumba ilikuwa na watu 101,110.  katika nyumba za kibinafsi katika hali ya msongamano mkubwa (watu 1156).  katika masinagogi (Sinagogi la Slonim katika str. Mostovaya-16 ilikuwa makao ya familia 29 na watu 13 peke yao - jumla ya idadi ya wakazi ilikuwa watu 141, katika maghala - watu 277, katika vyumba vya chini ya ardhi - watu 24, na katika maduka na kiosks ya zamani - watu 201; baadhi ya watu hawakuwa na makazi ya kudumu - watu 76. Kwa hivyo, asilimia 11.5 ya wakimbizi wote wanaoishi Slonim waliishi katika majengo yasiyofaa kwa ajili ya kuishi au hawakuwa na paa juu ya vichwa vyao. Miongoni mwa wakimbizi kulikuwa na visa vya magonjwa kama vile tifu na pediculosis. "Shinagogi, maghala, vyumba vya chini ya ardhi na vyumba vya chini ya ardhi, maduka yaliyojengwa na wakimbizi, yalifafanuliwa kuwa ""mahali machafu, bila joto na bila usafi wa mwili, bila vyumba vya kulala na mabwawa ya maji machafu.""" Wakimbizi walilala kwenye sakafu ya saruji na kupika chakula uwanjani. Mwezi Julai 1940, mkuu wa idara ya mji wa Slonim wa PCIA katika Belorussian SSR Tolmachev aliandika barua maalum kwa mkuu wa PCIA katika mkoa wa Baranovichi. "Alichagua kuwawafunga wakimbizi wote wasio na kazi na wakimbizi wenye familia waliopelekwa katika maeneo ya mbali ya USSR, walipaswa kulazimishwa kufanya kazi.""" Matokeo ya uhamisho idadi ya wakimbizi katika Slonim ilipunguzwa. Baadaye baada ya kuanzishwa kwa mamlaka ya Sovieti uharibifu kamili wa jamii za Kiyahudi, taasisi za kidini na mashirika ya kisiasa ulianza. Mnamo Aprili 12, 1940, P.C.I.A. iliwapeleka karibu Wasionisti elfu moja Siberia, na miezi kadhaa baadaye wanaharakati wa Bund pia walipeleka Siberia. Maofisa wa serikali ya Kiyahudi kama vile Shmuel Weiss, Isaac Ephrus, Boris Piasecki, Itchy Siatitski, Yezerich, Gurvych na Dapkovsky walihamishwa. Kabla ya uvamizi wa Ujerumani, Wayahudi 22,000 waliishi katika Slonim, ambayo ilikuwa asilimia mbili ya idadi ya watu wa mji. Slonim ilishambuliwa mnamo Juni 25, 1941. Kulingana na mgawanyiko mpya wa kiutawala na eneo mji Slonim akawa kituo cha wilaya hiyo (Gebiet) kuwa sehemu ya mkoa wa jumla "Belarus" ya Tume ya Reich "Ostland". Kazi ya Slonim Gebietskommissar ilifanywa na Gerhard Erren na msaidizi wake (Stableiter) Junker Ditrich Gick alikuwa katika kichwa cha Idara ya Mambo ya Kiyahudi. Alexander Kisly aliteuliwa kuwa Burgomaster wa Slonim. Baada ya majuma mawili ya kuanza kwa uvamizi, Wayahudi waliamriwa kuvaa nyota za Daudi zenye ncha sita za manjano au alama ya manjano kwenye kifua na mgongo wao. Wayahudi walikatazwa kutumia usafiri wa umma, kutembea kwenye vijia, kuonekana sokoni na katika taasisi mbalimbali, na pia walikatazwa kufanya biashara, kufanya kazi ya kukokotwa na kukata nywele. Wolf Berman, mwenye umri wa miaka 80, aliteuliwa kuwa mwenyekiti wa Judenrat (hapo awali alikuwa mkurugenzi wa benki na sinagogi la Gabai). Bodi ya Kiyahudi ilijumuisha Yakov Goldfarb, Moshe Zakgeim, Joseph-Mordekhay Ripp, Karpl Ripp, Homak, Noach Midz, Payus, Yakov Rabinovich. Idara ya kazi katika Judenrat ilihusika katika shirika la kazi za lazima. Ilikuwa ikiongozwa na Gershon Kvint. Misha Lotz akawa mkuu wa polisi wa Kiyahudi; Max Rabinovich alikuwa naibu wake. Idadi ya wafanyakazi wa polisi ilikuwa 30 watu. Hasa hao walikuwa wakimbizi kutoka Poland. Mauaji ya kwanza ya Wayahudi huko Slonim yalifanyika Julai 14, 1941. Wakati wa saa kumi na moja asubuhi, Wajerumani walizunguka sehemu ya mji na kuanza kuwafukuza Wayahudi wenye umri wa makamo na vijana kutoka kwenye nyumba zao. Kwanza watu hao walipigwa na kisha wakapelekwa kwenye barabara hadi kwenye uwanja wa mji na kisha hadi kwenye jengo la jumba la maonyesho la mji. Wanaume waliarifiwa kwamba wangetumwa kufanya kazi. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Mlima wa Petrolivsk"" ni kilima cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani cha kijani." Majeshi ya jeshi la Ujerumani yalipigwa risasi na kikosi cha Einsatzkommando 8 na kikosi cha kwanza cha kikosi cha polisi cha 316. Wakati wa hatua hii wanachama kadhaa wa Judenrat na rabi Yeguda Fein waliuawa. Kwa jumla (kwa mujibu wa takwimu mbalimbali) Wayahudi 1,100 - 1,400 waliuawa kwa risasi siku hiyo. Katika vyanzo vingine idadi sahihi zaidi ya watu waliouawa inapatikana (watu 1255). Baada ya hatua hii ya kwanza Judenrat iliongozwa na Gershon Kvint. Max Rabinovich akawa msaidizi wake. Wayahudi wa Slonim waligawanywa katika makundi matatu kulingana na kiwango cha manufaa yao kwa mamlaka ya uvamizi. Jamii ya kwanza ilitia ndani wafanyakazi wa Judenrat na polisi wa Kiyahudi, wafanyakazi wa kitiba wa Kiyahudi na mafundi. Kikundi cha pili kilitia ndani Wayahudi wengine wote wenye nguvu. Na jamii ya tatu ilitia ndani wanawake, wazee, watu wenye ulemavu, na watu wenye kiwango cha juu cha elimu. Wayahudi wa Slonimu walifanya kazi za kulazimishwa katika mashimo ya wazi (kuchimba miamba) kama wafanyakazi wa kubeba mizigo katika kituo cha reli; walichukua magogo yaliyozama kutoka mto. Siku yao ya kazi ilidumu saa nane. Vikundi vya Wayahudi vilipelekwa kwenye kazi chini ya ulinzi. Kwa kawaida kila kikundi kiliongozwa na mmoja wa polisi Wayahudi. Kiasi cha chakula cha Wayahudi waliofanya kazi kilikuwa gramu 250 za mkate uliochanganywa na maharagwe. Nyakati nyingine Wayahudi wa Slonim waliwaajiri Wayahudi kutoka miongoni mwa wakimbizi kufanya kazi badala yao (wakimbizi hao walikuwa na uhitaji mkubwa). Wayahudi wengi walikuwa na kazi ya kudumu katika maduka ya ufundi. Mshiriki wa Judenrat Payus aliruhusiwa kufungua kiwanda kidogo cha nguo ambapo Wayahudi walifanya kazi. Ili kuwahudumia Wayahudi, Judenrat ilianzisha hospitali ya Wayahudi (iliyoongozwa na Gavarin) na hospitali ya Wayahudi (iliyoongozwa na Blumovich). Ili kuandaa vitu vya msingi kwa ajili ya taasisi za matibabu, Judenrat iliwaita watu kutoa msaada wote unaowezekana na Wayahudi wanaoishi Slonim walichangia vitanda, nguo, kitambaa na vitambaa vya kitanda. Mamlaka za uvamizi zilitangaza kwamba Wayahudi waliamriwa waache chakula kilichobaki. Nyumba za Wayahudi zilivamiwa na vyakula vilivyozidi kiwango kilichoruhusiwa vilitwaliwa. Wale waliovunja amri hiyo waliuawa kwa kupigwa risasi. Baada ya kutekwa chakula, mamlaka zilitangaza juu ya kukusanywa kwa fidia: Wayahudi walilazimika kutoa rubles milioni mbili. Kwa njia ya kunyakua mali ya Kiyahudi ugavi wa taasisi za Ujerumani za kiraia na za kijeshi na fanicha na vitu vingine vya nyumbani ulifanywa. Mali zilizochukuliwa kutoka kwa idadi ya Wayahudi ambazo hazikufaa kwa mamlaka za uvamizi zilipelekwa kwa kuuza tena kati ya raia wa mji. Mapato yaliyopatikana kutokana na mauzo haya ya pili yalipatikana na taasisi za Ujerumani. Mauaji ya pili ya Wayahudi huko Slonim yalifanywa na jeshi la askari-jeshi wa jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi la jeshi. Katika ripoti ya Komishna wa eneo Erin, imesema kwamba kabla ya hatua hii, Wayahudi 16,000 waliishi Slonim. Zaidi ya watu elfu kumi, ikiwa ni pamoja na wanachama wote wa Judenrat, walipelekwa kwa magari hadi Chepelevo, 12 km kutoka Slonim, ambapo waliuawa kwa kupigwa risasi. Kulingana na takwimu zilizotolewa na Kamati Maalum ya Jimbo la Wilaya ya Slonim makaburi 8 yalipatikana katika mashamba ya Chepelev. Katika mojawapo ya makaburi hayo, watu 14,800 wazee, wanawake, na watoto walikuwa wamezikwa. Watu fulani waliojeruhiwa walifaulu kutoka katika mashimo na kurudi mjini. Madaktari Wayahudi waliwapeleka hospitalini lakini mamlaka za uvamizi zilijifunza juu ya ukweli huo na Wayahudi wote waliojeruhiwa walipigwa risasi. Mtu mmoja tu, Yasha Shepetinskiy alibaki hai baada ya hatua ya pili. Kulingana na maoni ya gebietscommissar G. Erren uharibifu wa "useless" Wayahudi inaweza kutatua tatizo la makazi na tatizo la chakula katika mji. Muundo wa pili wa Judenrat ulifafanuliwa (ilijumuisha Khanoan Stenberg, Gershen Berenstein, Yakov Lubovich, Chaim Ruzhanskiy, Leon Smolinskiy). Mwanzoni mwa Desemba 1941, Y. D. Gich alitoa mpango wa kujenga ghetto kwa Judenrat na Wayahudi walianza kujenga nguzo na uzio wa waya wa miiba. Kwa mujibu wa amri hiyo madirisha yote, milango na malango yaliyokuwa yakitazama barabara iliyo na uzio wa ghetto yalipaswa kufungwa kwa nguvu. Mnamo Desemba 24, 1941, Wayahudi wote wa Slonim walihamishwa kwenye ghetto. Ilikuwa inaruhusiwa kubeba bidhaa katika magari lakini ilikatazwa kuleta fanicha katika ghetto. Idadi kubwa ya watu katika ghetto pamoja na hali mbaya za afya zilileta mlipuko wa typhus lakini shukrani kwa juhudi za madaktari Wayahudi janga hilo liliepukwa. Vikundi vya wafanyakazi tu vilipaswa kuondoka ghetto lakini walilazimika kurudi kabla ya saa sita jioni. Wataalamu hao walipewa bendi ya manjano yenye maandishi katika Kijerumani yenye kutoa habari kuhusu taaluma na mahali pa kazi. Kutoka ndani ya mipaka ya ghetto ililindwa na polisi wa Kiyahudi na kutoka nje mipaka ililindwa na polisi wa Kipolishi. Wataalamu fulani waliruhusiwa kuishi nje ya ghetto na kuwa na warsha zao wenyewe. Zelik Milikovskiy na Ilya Abramovskiy waliendelea na warsha ya fundi kwenye mipaka ya mji na kutengeneza fanicha kwa amri ya mamlaka ya ukoloni. Ndugu Matus na Shimon Snovsky walikuwa na duka la kufanyia kazi na kwa amri ya mamlaka ya Ujerumani walifanya giza, polishing na electrodepositing ya silaha ya kibinafsi ya askari wa Ujerumani. Finkel na Yakov Khatskelevich walikuwa wamiliki wa smithy katika Pervomayskaya mitaani na Gerz Shepetinskiy, Arsik Bandt na Abram Doktorchik alifanya kazi katika smithy ziko katika Operniy lane. Madaktari fulani pia waliruhusiwa kuishi na kufanya kazi nje ya ghetto (kwa mfano, daktari Volkhovskiy). Baada ya hatua ya pili ya uharibifu Wayahudi walianza kujenga maficho (mazingira ya kuta mbili au sakafu za chini zilizofichwa). Katika kipindi cha miaka ya 1942 hadi 1943, Wayahudi kutoka Derechin, Golynka, Bytenia, Ivantsevichy, Kossovo walihamishwa hadi ghetto ya Slonim. Ili kutatua tatizo la chakula mamlaka za uvamizi ziliwaruhusu Wayahudi waondoke jijini ili kununua viazi. Mnamo Mei 1942, wanaume 500 Wayahudi walitumwa kutoka Slonim kwenda Mahilyow kwa ajili ya kazi za ujenzi. Wayahudi fulani walikimbia kutoka katika ghetto ya Slonim ambako kulingana na maoni yao walikuwa na nafasi zaidi za kuokolewa. Baada ya hatua ya Novemba ya kuangamiza Wayahudi katika ghetto ya Slonim shirika la chini ya ardhi lilianzishwa. Lilikuwa halmashauri ya kupinga ufashisti iliyofanyizwa na vijana Wasiyoni. Miongoni mwa viongozi wa Slonim chini ya ardhi kulikuwa na watu kama vile Zorakh Kremen, Nionia Zirinski, Avijaz Inzaghi, Arik Steyn, Anshel Deliatovsky, Yakov na Gertsy Shapetovsky, Natan Lykov, Peyshak Alpert, David Epstein, Shapsher, Grishka na Yakov Grigorovich. Katika Slonim kulikuwa na ghala la zawadi za vita (<unk>boytelager<unk>) Kiasi kikubwa cha risasi za kijeshi zilihifadhiwa huko. Chini ya usimamizi wa Wajerumani na polisi wa ghetto wafungwa walilazimika kurekebisha na kusafisha silaha. Washiriki wa chini ya ardhi walileta vitengo tofauti vya silaha, makombora, bunduki, mavazi. Mhandisi Myahudi Mjerumani Erich Stein akawa mshiriki wa tengenezo hilo la chini ya ardhi. Alikuwa katika kichwa cha wafanyakazi katika boytelager na ni kwa kiasi kikubwa kuwezesha kazi juu ya kuchukua nje ya silaha. Baada ya kuanzishwa kwa mawasiliano na wapiganaji wa kivita, silaha nyingi, nguo za minyoo, sabuni, vipokezi vya redio vya chumvi vilianza kutumwa kutoka ghetto huko Slonim. Madaktari Abram Blumovich na Orlinskaya walisaidia kuwapa wapiganaji dawa. "Wanajeshi wa ""Ghetto"" waliweka silaha zao nje ya ghetto, katika mahali ambapo Wayahudi walifanya kazi, katika warsha na katika sinagogi, ambapo mamlaka ya uvamizi iliandaa ghala la mashine za kilimo kwa ajili ya shirika kuu la biashara la ""Vostok.""" Kwa msaada wa Judenrat, hati za udanganyifu kwa ajili ya kazi katika vijiji zilitolewa na hivyo washiriki wa chini ya ardhi walikuwa na fursa ya kudumisha mawasiliano ya kawaida na wapiganaji. Baada ya kuwasiliana na chama cha Shchors cha wapiganaji (kiongozwa na P.V. Proniagin) wanachama wa chini ya ardhi walianza kwenda msituni peke yao au katika vikundi vidogo. Mauaji ya pili ya Wayahudi huko Slonim yalifanyika tarehe 29 Juni 1942. Jiji hilo la gheto lilizungukwa. Watu wengi walipelekwa kwa lori hadi mahali pa mauaji huko Petrolyevich, ambako mashimo yalichimbwa (miana ya mita nne kwa upana, mita tano kwa kina na mita 150 kwa urefu). Mauaji hayo yalifanywa na vikosi maalum vya kuondoa takasusi vilivyoongozwa na Untersturmführer SS Amundsen na pia na kikosi cha polisi cha 18 cha Latvia kilichoongozwa na Meya Rubens. Wajerumani walipigana kwa silaha, wakapoteza maisha yao na wengine saba wakajeruhiwa. Wayahudi wengi walipata kimbilio katika "mahali pa kujificha". Ili kuwafanya watu waondoke katika mahali pa kujificha, waadhibuji waliwasha moto katika ghetto. Hospitali hiyo iliyokuwa na wagonjwa 40 ilichomwa moto. Wengi wa wale waliokuwa wakijificha huko walikufa kutokana na moshi au wakachomwa wakiwa hai. Watu 10,000 waliuawa wakati wa shambulio hilo. Kwa mujibu wa amri ya mamlaka ya uvamizi mamia machache tu ya wataalamu wa Kiyahudi waliachwa hai. Katika "ghetto ndogo" wanaume 700 na wanawake 100 waliwekwa. Baada ya hatua ya tatu ya uharibifu mipaka ya ghetto walikuwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kupunguzwa. Ilikuwa iko kati ya madaraja ya Ogninskiy mfereji na mto Shchara. Ukaguzi wa wafanyakazi waliohama kutoka ghetto na nje yake ukawa mkali zaidi. Hali ya kitiba na ya usafi wa afya na suala la ugavi wa chakula liliongezeka. Washiriki wa Slonim chini ya ardhi walichukua uamuzi wa kwenda msituni ambapo walikuwa wakienda kujiunga na wapiganaji. Kwa kutenda kulingana na mpango uliopangwa wa wafungwa wa ghetto walifaulu kuondoka mjini na kuchukua silaha nyingi pamoja nao. Zaidi ya vijana 70 wa Kiyahudi wenye silaha walikubaliwa katika chama cha Shchors. Mamia mengine ya watu walipanga "kambi ya familia". Kambi hii ilijumuisha wataalamu wengi ambao waliendelea kutoa msaada kwa wapiganaji (kufuma risasi za kijeshi, kurekebisha silaha). Mwishoni mwa vuli baada ya chama cha wapiganaji wa Shchors kuondoka misitu ya Lolchinogorsk "kambi ya familia" ilikuwa karibu kabisa kuvunjwa. Vikundi vidogo vya wafungwa viliendelea kujiunga na chama cha wapiganaji wa Shchors. Kikosi cha 51 kilikuwa na askari 125 na kikosi cha askari wa kijeshi cha Kiyahudi cha Homel, Yakov Fedorovich. Kikosi cha 51 kilishiriki kikamilifu katika kuandaa mapinduzi, kuharibu treni, mapigano na adui, na kuachiliwa kwa wafungwa zaidi ya 200 kutoka ghetto ya Kosovo mnamo Agosti 2, 1942. Katika siku ya 20 Agosti 1942, hatua mpya ya uharibifu wa Wayahudi iliandaliwa katika Slonim. Mnamo Desemba 1942, wafungwa wa mwisho wa ghetto waliuawa kwa kupigwa risasi. Wayahudi 400 walifanikiwa kutoroka katika ghetto ya Slonim. Wengi wao walishiriki katika harakati za Upinzani. Mnamo Julai 10, 1942, Slonim iliachiliwa na majeshi ya Kwanza ya Belarusian. (tu vitu zilizopo). Jumba la kusanyiko la Slonim lilianzishwa mnamo 1642 katika mtindo wa baroque. Kulingana na vyanzo vya kihistoria sinagogi lilipangwa kuwa sehemu muhimu ya mfumo wa ulinzi wa mji. Yaelekea kuta zenye nguvu za sinagogi zingeweza kuelezwa na jambo hilo. Kuta hizo zilihifadhi kwa usalama sehemu ya ndani ya sinagogi hiyo yenye mapambo mengi na yenye kupendeza. Jengo la mawe la Sinagogi Kuu lilijengwa kwa ruhusa ya Vladislav IV iliyotolewa mnamo 1635 mahali pa Sinagogi la mbao ambalo lilikuwa limeharibiwa na moto. Utofauti wa usanifu wa sinagogi kutoka kwa kanisa la RC ulihitaji kutolewa. Jengo hilo lilipaswa kufanana na masinagogi mengine ya Grand Duchy ya Lithuania. Lakini sinagogi hilo lilipata umbo la kawaida la baroque la kidini ambalo lilikuwa la kawaida kwa mahekalu ya makao ya watawa ya RC. Kulingana na tectonics sehemu mbili za majengo inaweza kutofautishwa: kiasi kuu na paa na swell plastiki fronton. Dhana ya usanifu wa kiasi kikuu inalingana na mapokeo ya sanaa ya sinagogi: kuta nene, madirisha ya upinde mrefu (niches ziko katika tabaka mbili). Madirisha ya safu ya kwanza ziko chini sana. Wao ni mara mbili nyembamba kuliko madirisha ya juu na kama sheria wao ni iko haphazardly. Jambo la mwisho lililotajwa lilikuwa la kipekee sana kwa ajili ya mahali pa madirisha ya sinagogi hasa kwenye orofa za chini. Ghorofa ya chini ya Sinagogi Kuu ya Slonim inaenea zaidi ya mipaka ya kiasi kikuu katika fomu ya majengo ya ziada ya perimeter. Madirisha ya ngazi ya pili ni compositional zaidi kupangwa na kujenga rhythm utulivu. Dirisha la mviringo juu ya mlango kwa mantiki linalingana na ufunguo wa mviringo katika sehemu ya mbele. Kuta zimefunikwa kwa ukingo mpana. Na kwenye sehemu ya mbele ya nyumba hiyo inageuka kuwa paa. Juu ya eaves sehemu tofauti fronton ya facade kuu ni kuanza. Msingi wake umefanyizwa kama parapet ya juu na niches gorofa na pilasters kwenye kingo na katikati ambayo kutenganisha nafasi ya fronton katika sehemu tatu. Mpaka wa juu wa parapet ni fasta kwa njia ya rafu ya kudhibiti eaves. Mwamba wa plastiki unasimama juu yake kwa fahari. Sehemu ya kati ya ni outlined na pilasters kuunganishwa ambayo ni msingi juu ya pilasters kati ya parapet. Mwisho wa wimbi la fonton unaendelea na mpito wa curvilinear kwa parapet. Matokeo ya hilo yalikuwa muundo wa umoja wenye nguvu na wenye unene. Fomu curvilinear ni kuongezwa na maelezo cornice. Pointi za mpito (kati ya fomu curvilinear na rectilinear) ni fasta kwa njia ya balusters mapambo. Kwa upande wa mbele, kuna sehemu ya ukumbi wa kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa. Sinagogi inaonyeshwa kama kiasi cha kati cha jumba lenye urefu mkubwa na lenye vyumba vya chini vilivyo karibu. Paa la juu na usindikaji wa upande wa mbele na ngao iliyochorwa hufanya usanifu wake kuwa kama makanisa ya baroque yasiyo na mnara. Jumba la kusanyiko lilijengwa mnamo 1648 na lilijengwa upya katika karne ya 18, ingawa sehemu fulani ya plasterwork ya awali na michoro imehifadhiwa. Jengo hilo liliharibiwa sana wakati wa uvamizi wa Napoleon lakini baadaye katikati ya karne ya 19 lilijengwa upya. Sinagogi hilo lilitumiwa hadi mwaka wa 1940. Baada ya Vita Kuu ya Pili ya Dunia, jengo hilo lilitumiwa kama ghala na mwaka 2000 lilirudishwa kwa waumini. Sasa jengo hilo liko katika hali mbaya sana. Inaharibika. Inaweza kuokolewa tu kwa njia ya kurudishwa haraka. Jaribio la ukarabati kama huo tayari limefanywa na Kamati ya Ulinzi wa Urithi wa Kihistoria na Utamaduni wa Belarus chini ya msaada wa moja kwa moja wa Wayahudi wenyeji wa Slonim ambao sasa wanaishi Israeli. Lakini ukarabati huo haujakamilika. Mwaka 2000 sehemu ya jengo hilo ilibomolewa kabisa. Mnamo mwaka wa 2001, jengo la sinagogi hilo lilipelekwa kwa Jumuiya ya Dini ya Kiyahudi ya Belarus. Jumba la sinagogi la kwanza la karne ya 20 limedumu katika eneo la Slonim. St. Andrew Mtume RC Kanisa str. Kanisa la Yanki Kupaly, lililojengwa mnamo 1770 na 1755, lilijengwa mahali pa kanisa la mbao la RC lililoharibiwa katika nusu ya pili ya karne ya 17. Wakati wa utawala wa Sovieti hekalu hilo lilifungwa na kutumiwa kama ghala la chumvi. Baada ya ukarabati wa mwaka wa 1993, hekalu hilo lilitakaswa kwa mara ya pili. Ni ya mwisho Vilno Baroque. Hekalu la Mtakatifu Mtume Andrew linaonyeshwa kama jengo la mstatili lenye meli moja lenye vyumba vidogo vya ibada upande wa kanisa. Nave ya juu (mita 14 ya juu) imefunikwa na matao ya silinda na kuangazwa kupitia madirisha ya arched. Minara ya usawa iko pande zote za ukuta. Minara hiyo imewekwa kwa pembe na usawa wa ukuta. Katika viunzi chini ya mlango kuna sanamu za mbao za Mitume Petro na Paulo. Madhabahu kuu ni sehemu muhimu ya mambo ya ndani ya hekalu. Inachezwa kwa mtindo wa rococo. Kuta zimepambwa kwa michoro na michoro ya plasta. St. Dominik barabara Chapel (kona ya str. Mitskevicha na Str. Pushkin, ilijengwa mwaka 1745. Kanisa hilo linajengwa kwa ngazi ndogo inayofanana na ngazi ya juu ya mnara wa kanisa la RC. Inajumuisha aina za baroque zilizo rahisi. Chini ya baldachin ya mawe kuna sanamu ya Mtakatifu Dominik. Kanisa la Immaculate Conception la Bikira Maria ni sehemu ya jengo la Bernardine lililojengwa kwa fedha za Konstantin Yudnitsky mnamo 1648. Mnamo mwaka wa 1664 ujenzi wa hekalu ulianza na kukamilika mwaka wa 1670. Katika karne ya 18 kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa la kanisa. Kwa bahati mbaya jengo hili liliharibiwa kabisa kutokana na moto. Jengo jipya la kanisa hili la RC lilijengwa mwaka wa 1793. Mnamo mwaka wa 1964, mnara wa ukumbusho wa watu waliouawa katika ghetto ya Slonim uliwekwa karibu na kijiji cha Petrolevichi 1 katika wilaya ya Curved Hill. Mnamo mwaka wa 1967, watu wa Slonim waliuawa katika mashamba ya Chepelev na karibu na barabara kuu ya Slonim-Baranovichi. Mnamo mwaka wa 1979, stela iliwekwa kilomita 5 kutoka mji katika wilaya ya Morgi, upande wa kulia wa barabara kuu ya Slonim - Derevna, ambapo mnamo 1942 Wayahudi elfu mbili waliuawa kwa risasi na kuzikwa. Mnamo mwaka wa 1994, katika eneo la makaburi ya zamani katika Slonim, jengo la ukumbusho lilifunguliwa (mwandishi wake ni msanifu L. Levin). Jengo hilo liliwakumbusha waathirika wa yale Maangamizi Makubwa ya Wayahudi huko Slonim na maeneo mengine ya wilaya ya Slonim. Mlango wa ukumbusho ni kutekelezwa katika fomu ya arch ya lango la makaburi ya zamani ya Kiyahudi. Slonim ni mahali pa kuzaliwa kwa watu fulani mashuhuri. Yelena Borisovna Kurilo (Olena Borysivna Kurylo) (1890-1946) <unk> mtaalamu wa lugha wa Sovieti. Yehieli (Yehiyel Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehiyeli Yehiyeli) (Yehayeli Yehiyeli) (Yehayeli Yeheyeli) (Yehayeli Yeheyeli) (Yehayeli Yeheyeli) (Yehayeli Yeheyeli) (Yehayeli Yeheyeli) (Yehayeli Yeheyeli) (Yehayeli Yeheyeli) Meron, Israel (ישראל מרום (מרמינסקי)) (1976-1891) <unk> mwanaharakati wa harakati ya Kiyahudi. Avraam Shlomir (1802-1884) alikuwa msomi wa Talmud na mwanzilishi wa Shlomir Hasidic dynasty, na baadaye akawa msomi wa Talmud. Kati ya kazi zake za fasihi moja tu ilichapishwa. Ilikuwa "Chesed le-Abrabam" (חםד לאנרהם). Makumbusho, kumbukumbu, maktaba, makusanyo ya kibinafsi Slonim wilaya ya historia makumbusho jina lake baada ya I.I. Stabrovskiy ni moja ya makumbusho ya kale zaidi ya wilaya hii. Makumbusho ilianzishwa na mtaalamu wa akiolojia na mwanafunzi wa historia ya ndani Josef Iosifovich Stabrovskiy ambaye alikuwa mzaliwa wa Orlovichi shamba (Slonim wilaya). Alikuwa mtu mashuhuri wa urithi, Kanali wa jeshi la Urusi, mshiriki wa Vita vya Kwanza vya Ulimwengu. Alitumia maisha yake yote kujifunza historia ya nchi yake. Hizi ni ethnographic yake, numismatic, mineralogical na makusanyo mengine akawa msingi kwa ajili ya maonyesho ya kwanza makumbusho iliyotolewa katika Slonim. Jumba hilo la makumbusho lilifunguliwa kwa wageni tarehe 20 Septemba 1929. Mnamo mwaka wa 1957, jengo la ghorofa mbili lilitengenezwa kwa ajili ya jumba la makumbusho katika uwanja wa Lenin No. 1, ambapo jumba la makumbusho liko hadi sasa. Makumbusho ya makumbusho ya zamani ya Kiislamu, pamoja na makumbusho ya zamani ya Kiislamu, na makumbusho ya zamani ya Kiislamu, na makumbusho ya zamani ya Kiislamu, na makumbusho ya zamani ya Kiislamu, na makumbusho ya zamani ya Kiislamu, na makumbusho ya zamani ya Kiislamu. Kwa sasa, Slonim ina taasisi kama vile Y.Kolas Central District Library, maktaba tano kuwa matawi ya mtandao wa maktaba za umma katika wilaya ya Slonim, A. Pushkin Maktaba ya Watoto. Idadi ya watu katika Januari 1, 2013 na idadi ya watu kwa mwaka 2012 katika Jamhuri ya Belarus katika mgawanyiko wa mikoa, wilaya, miji, vijiji vya aina ya mji. M. 2013 S. 12. (a) Kwa nini? Lepko E.V. Kuna u mji utukufu proudaya : Kraeved. Ocherki E. Lepko. Slonim: Slonim. 2002 - Aina ya 91c. Древние города Беларуси: замки, дворцы, резиденции. [Hrodna mkoa] // Shumov, S. Удивительная Belarus/ Sergei Shumov, Alexander Andreyev. M. 2008 S. 24307 - Mfano wa Usalama Meleshko V. Slonim. Mn. : Serikali ya Uchapishaji BSSR. Redakshoni ya fasihi ya kijamii na kiuchumi, 1962. S. 3 - 4 - 4 Lokotko A.I. Usanifu wa sinagogi la Ulaya. Mn. "Uradhai, 2002" S. 84-86-84-84-84-86-84-86-84-86- Eberhardt P. Przemiany narodowościowe na Białorusi. Warsaw, 1994. S. 68 Voteщик А.С. Mesteki ya Magharibi mwa Belarus (1921 <unk> 1939 гг. ): kijamii-kiuchumi na maendeleo ya kitamaduni : disss. kwenye soisk. Uwezo wa kujifunza. kiwango cha kand.ist. sayansi. Heshima ya 2013 S. 145. - (Methali 24:25, 26) Kwa nini? Gnatowski M. Radziecka administracja wojskowa na polnocno-wschodnich ziemiach i scenarjusze ich aneksji w radzieckich dokumentach. "Walikuwa na ""Walikuwa"" katika mwaka wa 1939 na ""Walikuwa"" katika mwaka wa 1939." IX. Bialystok, 1999 S177 na S178 Jimbo la Jimbo la Brest (GABO). F. 7580 P. Оп. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli D. 9. (a) Kwa nini? L. 76 - Mfano wa Uongozi GABO. F. 7580 P. Оп. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli D. 26 - Ni nini? L. 279 - 280, na GABO. F. 7580 P. Оп. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli D. 9. (a) Kwa nini? L. Hizi ni namba 54, 77, na 78. GABO. F. 7580 P. Оп. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli D. 9. (a) Kwa nini? L. Mfano wa mfano wa mfano wa 54, 76, 77. GABO. F. 7580 P. Оп. 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli D. 29. - (Methali 28:9, 10) Kwa nini? L. 133, 282 - Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti Alpert N. Uharibifu wa Wayahudi wa Slonim: Hadithi ya Wayahudi wa Slonim wakati wa Maangamizi Makubwa. New York: Maktaba ya Holocaust, 1989. R. 505-57-59-102 - Mfano wa Mfano wa Mfano wa Mfano Encyclopedia of the Holocaust: 4 vols. na I. Gutman. Jerusalem: Yad Vashem, 1990 V. 1-4. R. 1363-1365. - (Mwanzo 13:36) Ni nini kilichotokea? GARF. F. 7021 - Mfano wa Utafiti Оп. 148. - (Methali 14:28) Ni nini? D. 502 - Mfano wa Uaminifu L. 1 - 1 - 7. Utendaji wa Wajerumani-Fashisti wa Wakoloni huko Belarusi. Hati na vifaa. Mn. "Belarus: ""Mwaka 1965." S. 2080 - 2080 - Mfano wa Mfano wa Mfano Matukio ya Wayahudi wa Belarusi (1941-1944). Mkusanyiko wa vifaa na nyaraka Red. R.A. Black-eyed. Minsk: Iddatel E.S. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Galperin: 1997.""" <unk> S. 112, 113, 245 na 247. Циринский Н. Подполье Слонимского гетто // Вестник еврейского университета в Москве. <unk> 1995.  No 2 (9). <unk> S. 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 224-227 na 232, 233, na 212, 233, na 213, na 214, na 227. Botvinnik M. Memyatniki genocida Wayahudi wa Belarus.  Minsk, 2000. <unk> S. 245, 266, 267, na zaidi Żbikowski A. U genezy Jedwabnego. "Kristo na Kresach Wschodnia-Północno-Wschodnia II ""Rzeczpospolita"" (Wrzesień 1939 - Lipiec 1941) " Warsaw, 2006. S. 332, 355, 385. Cholawski S. Wayahudi wa Belarusi wakati wa Vita vya Pili vya Ulimwengu. Amsterdam, 1998. P. 86, 106, 145-146, 162. Uhamisho wa Wayahudi wa USSR katika miaka ya uvamizi wa Ujerumani (1941-1944). Sombnik ya hati na vifaa Red. I. Arad.  Yerusalemu: Yaad Va-Shem, 1992. <unk> S. 197 - 199 - Miongoni mwao Abramowitsch L. Die faschistische Gehenna am Beispiel des Ghettos der Stadt Slonim // Morgens brauchte man nicht mehr mit Heil Hitler zu grussen. Deutsch-russische Erinnerungen Ed. (Kumbuka za Kijerumani na Kirusi) A. Huckebrink. (Mwanamke mmoja aliye na umri wa miaka 18 na zaidi) <unk> Munster: agenda Verlag, 1996.  S. 144-164. Ioffe.Wayahudi wa Belarusi. Msiba na ushujaa. 1941 hadi 1945  Minsk, 2003. <unk> S. 181, 310, na wengine. Rosenblatt E., Еленская И. Пружаны // Холокост на территории СССР: Энциклопедия. <unk> M.: Urusi Political Encyclopedia (РОССПЭН): Kituo cha Sayansi-Proсветительский <unk>Холокост<unk>, 2011. <unk> S. 909 - 912 - Mfano wa Mfano wa Mfano Chanturia V.A. Mikumbusho ya usanifu wa Sloni. "Ms. I. M. ""Ms. I. M. "" (mwenye umri wa miaka 18) " S. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli