© 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.The characteristics of propagules markedly impact the germination and plant growth of submerged macrophytes. Vallisneria spinulosa S.Z. Yan is a common submerged macrophyte and has been widely used in lake restoration projects. The responses of tuber germination and plant growth to different tuber sizes and burial depths are not well known for this species and may vary with light intensity. In this study, the tuber germination and plant growth of V. spinulosa germinated from two levels of tuber sizes (large and small) and two different burial depths in the sediment (5 and 15 cm) were tested at two light intensities (high and low) by measuring morphological and physiological traits. Although light intensity, tuber size and burial depth did not affect the tuber germination, they significantly influenced the morphological and physiological traits of the plants. Light intensity had the greatest effect on plant growth, followed by tuber size, while burial depth had the least effect. High light, large tuber and shallow burial depth favoured the plant growth performance (plant biomass, ramet and leaf numbers). The growth performance of plants germinated from small tubers was more susceptible to changes in light intensity and burial depth. Soluble carbohydrate and free amino acid contents were negatively and starch content positively correlated with the morphological traits. The study highlights the importance of tuber size and burial depth for plant growth as well as their interactions with light, which should be considered when determining lake management and restoration strategies.
"Mwanzoni mwa mwaka wa 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG ilitoa ""Mfano wa Mimea ya Springer Nature Switzerland"" kwa ajili ya utafiti wa utafiti wa mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea ya mimea." Vallisneria spinulosa S.Z. Yan ni macrophyte ya kawaida iliyo chini ya maji na imetumiwa sana katika miradi ya kurudisha ziwa. Majibu ya mimea ya tuber na ukuaji wa mimea kwa ukubwa tofauti wa tuber na kina cha kuzikwa haijulikani kwa spishi hii na inaweza kutofautiana na nguvu ya mwanga. Katika utafiti huu, mimea ya V. spinulosa ilichipuka kutoka kwa viwango viwili vya ukubwa wa mimea (kubwa na ndogo) na kina cha kuzika tofauti katika sediment (5 na 15 cm) kwa viwango viwili vya mwanga (juu na chini) kwa kupima sifa za morfolojia na kisaikolojia. Ingawa mwangaza, ukubwa wa tubers na kina cha kuzikwa haikuwa na athari kwa kuota kwa tubers, waliathiri sana sifa za morfolojia na kisaikolojia za mimea. Kiasi cha mwanga kilikuwa na athari kubwa zaidi kwa ukuaji wa mmea, ikifuatiwa na ukubwa wa tuber, wakati kina cha kuzikwa kilikuwa na athari ndogo zaidi. Mwanga mkubwa, tuber kubwa na kina cha chini ya kuzikwa iliunga mkono utendaji wa ukuaji wa mimea (biomass ya mimea, ramet na idadi ya majani). Utendaji wa ukuaji wa mimea germinated kutoka tubers ndogo ilikuwa zaidi nyeti kwa mabadiliko katika mwangaza nguvu na kuzika kina. Karbohydrate soluble na bure amino asidi maudhui walikuwa hasi na maudhui ya starch chanya kuhusiana na sifa morphological. Utafiti huo unasisitiza umuhimu wa ukubwa wa tuber na kina cha kuzikwa kwa ukuaji wa mimea, pamoja na mwingiliano wao na mwanga, ambayo inapaswa kuzingatiwa wakati wa kuamua usimamizi wa ziwa na mikakati ya kurudisha.