The East Slavs emerged as a recognisable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries CE. The first East Slavic state, Kievan Rus', arose in the 9th century, and in 988, it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire. Rus' ultimately disintegrated, with the Grand Duchy of Moscow growing to become the Tsardom of Russia. By the early 18th century, Russia had vastly expanded through conquest, annexation, and the efforts of Russian explorers, developing into the Russian Empire, which remains the third-largest empire in history. However, with the Russian Revolution in 1917, Russia's monarchic rule was abolished and replaced by the Russian SFSR—the world's first constitutionally socialist state. Following the Russian Civil War, the Russian SFSR established the Soviet Union (with three other Soviet republics), within which it was the largest and principal constituent. At the expense of millions of lives, the Soviet Union underwent rapid industrialization in the 1930s, and later played a decisive role for the Allies of World War II by leading large-scale efforts on the Eastern Front. With the onset of the Cold War, it competed with the United States for global ideological influence; the Soviet era of the 20th century saw some of the most significant Russian technological achievements, including the first human-made satellite and the first human expedition into outer space.
In 1991, the Russian SFSR emerged from the dissolution of the Soviet Union as the independent Russian Federation. A new constitution was adopted, and Russia has since been governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. Since the turn of the century, Russia's political system has been dominated by Vladimir Putin, under whom the country has experienced democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. Russia has been involved militarily in a number of post-Soviet conflicts, which has included the internationally unrecognised annexations of Crimea in 2014 from neighbouring Ukraine, followed by the further annexation of four other regions in 2022 during an ongoing invasion. International rankings of Russia place it low in measurements of human rights and freedom of the press; the country also has high levels of perceived corruption.
Ranked worldwide, the Russian economy stands at the ninth-largest by nominal GDP and the sixth-largest by GDP (PPP). Its mineral and energy sources are the world's largest, and its figures for oil production and natural gas production rank high globally. Russia possesses the largest stockpile of nuclear weapons, and has the fifth-highest military expenditure. The country is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council; a member state of the G20, the SCO, BRICS, the APEC, the OSCE, and the WTO; and is the leading member state of the CIS, the CSTO, and the EAEU. Russia is home to 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
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Waslavonia wa Mashariki walianza kuonekana katika karne ya 3 na 8 KK. Mji wa kwanza wa Kislavonia wa Mashariki, Kievan Rus, ulianzishwa katika karne ya 9 na mwaka wa 988 ulikubali Ukristo wa Orthodox kutoka kwa Milki ya Byzantium. Mwishowe, Urusi ilivunjika, na Grand Duchy ya Moscow ikakua na kuwa Tsardom ya Urusi. Kufikia mwanzoni mwa karne ya 18, Urusi ilikuwa imepanuka sana kupitia ushindi, kuunganishwa, na juhudi za watafiti wa Urusi, ikikua kuwa Milki ya Urusi, ambayo bado ni milki ya tatu kwa ukubwa katika historia. Baada ya mapinduzi ya Urusi ya mwaka 1917, utawala wa kifalme wa Urusi uliondolewa na kubadilishwa na Urusi, ambayo ilikuwa nchi ya kwanza duniani kuwa na katiba ya kisoshalisti. Baada ya Vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe vya Urusi, Urusi ilianzisha Muungano wa Sovieti (na jamhuri nyingine tatu za Sovieti), ambayo ilikuwa sehemu kubwa na kuu. Kwa gharama ya mamilioni ya maisha, Muungano wa Sovieti ulipata viwanda vya haraka katika miaka ya 1930, na baadaye ulicheza jukumu muhimu kwa Washirika wa Vita vya Pili vya Ulimwengu kwa kuongoza juhudi kubwa kwenye Mstari wa Mashariki. Wakati wa Vita Baridi, Urusi ilishindana na Marekani kwa ushawishi wa kiitikadi ulimwenguni; enzi ya Sovieti ya karne ya 20 iliona baadhi ya mafanikio muhimu zaidi ya kiteknolojia ya Urusi, ikiwa ni pamoja na satelaiti ya kwanza ya binadamu na safari ya kwanza ya binadamu katika nafasi ya nje. 1991 - Urusi ilijitokeza baada ya kuanguka kwa Muungano wa Sovieti na kuwa Shirikisho la Urusi. Katiba mpya ilipitishwa, na tangu wakati huo Urusi imeongozwa kama jamhuri ya shirikisho yenye msimamo wa nusu-rais. Tangu mwanzo wa karne hii, mfumo wa kisiasa wa Urusi umekuwa ukitawaliwa na Vladimir Putin, ambaye chini yake nchi imepata kurudi nyuma kwa kidemokrasia na mabadiliko kuelekea utawala wa kimabavu. Urusi imehusika kijeshi katika migogoro kadhaa ya baada ya Sovieti, ambayo ilijumuisha kuunganishwa kwa Crimea mnamo 2014 kutoka Ukraine jirani, ikifuatiwa na kuunganishwa zaidi kwa mikoa mingine minne mnamo 2022 wakati wa uvamizi unaoendelea. Russia ina nafasi ya chini katika viwango vya haki za binadamu na uhuru wa vyombo vya habari, na pia ina viwango vya juu vya ufisadi. Katika orodha ya nchi za dunia, Urusi ni nchi ya tisa kwa ukubwa kwa Pato la Taifa la Kiasi cha Tisa (PMI) na ya sita kwa ukubwa kwa PMI ya PMI. Vyanzo vyake vya madini na nishati ni vikubwa zaidi ulimwenguni, na takwimu zake za uzalishaji wa mafuta na uzalishaji wa gesi asilia ni za juu ulimwenguni. Urusi ina hifadhi kubwa zaidi ya silaha za nyuklia, na ina matumizi ya tano ya juu ya kijeshi. Nchi hiyo ni mwanachama wa kudumu wa Baraza la Usalama la Umoja wa Mataifa, nchi wanachama wa G20, SCO, BRICS, APEC, OSCE, na WTO, na ni nchi inayoongoza ya CIS, CSTO, na EAEU. Urusi ina maeneo 30 ya urithi wa ulimwengu wa UNESCO. <unk> Cash Credit card usage <unk> Data zilizomo katika ukurasa huu hutolewa kwa madhumuni ya habari tu, na haipaswi kueleweka kama ushauri wa kisheria juu ya suala lolote. Sisi kukusanya data yetu kutoka vyanzo wazi na inaweza kuwa na habari outdated. Hakikisha kuthibitisha data hizi kutoka vyanzo rasmi vya nchi husika.