Provided by the Cornell Feline Health Center, Cornell University
The different types of aggression are not mutually exclusive. Your cat may show more than one type of aggression, and the problems may be more or less serious than those described below. However, some general principles apply to all types and levels of aggression:
My cat is aggressive toward me and my other cat. What should I do?
Because aggression may be caused by a medical problem, first take your cat to your veterinarian, who will perform a physical examination and appropriate diagnostic tests. Painful conditions, like arthritis and dental disease, as well as central nervous system conditions and hyperthyroidism, have all been implicated in aggression. Alleviation of underlying medical conditions often resolves the aggressive behavior. Once medical causes have been ruled out, it is important to determine what kind of aggression your cat is displaying in order to formulate a management strategy, and ultimately, a solution.
My kitten sometimes bites and scratches me when we play. I know kittens love to play, but her attacks are painful.
Biting and scratching during play are typical of play aggression, a behavior most commonly observed in young cats and kittens. Kittens raised with littermates learn how to bite and scratch with reduced intensity, because play that is too rough causes pain to a playmate, resulting in either retaliation or the cessation of play. Consequently, play aggression is usually seen in kittens that were not raised with littermates or playmates, are under-stimulated, or lack appropriate play outlets.
Play aggression can usually be recognized in a kitten’s body posture. The tail lashes back and forth, the ears flatten against the head, and the pupils (the black part of the eyes) dilate. This sort of posture usually develops from normal play and is followed by biting and scratching. Kittens that stalk moving objects, like your hands and feet, are also displaying play aggression. Play aggressive cats often stalk or hide, then jump out and attack as you pass.
Try keeping a record of when this occurs to see if there is a pattern. You may learn, for example, that your kitten tends to hide under your bed and jump out as you’re getting ready to go to sleep. By anticipating this, and encouraging play prior to the attack, you may be able to curb this behavior. A bell on a breakaway collar around your cat’s neck clues you in to his whereabouts. You may need to deny him access to his favorite stalking places in order to stop this behavior.
Another management technique is to use noise deterrents, such as a human-generated hiss, or a blast from a compressed air canister. These must be used within the first few seconds of the onset of aggression to startle, rather than scare the cat, into ceasing his behavior. Do not physically punish your cat, even with a slight tap on the nose. The pain of being struck can lead to more aggressive behavior, and your kitten will learn to fear and avoid you. Additionally, any physical contact may be interpreted as play, which rewards your kitten’s rambunctious behavior. Simply walking away and ignoring your kitten is much more effective; it teaches him that the consequence of rough play is no play.
All of your play objects should be at a distance from your hands, so your cat has no opportunity to bite or scratch you. For example:
My ordinarily nice cat gets very agitated whenever anyone new comes into the house; she has even attacked some visitors.
These are signs of fear aggression a defensive behavior toward unfamiliar stimuli, like people, animals, and noises. Unpleasant experiences, like a trip to the veterinarian’s office, may also trigger fear aggression. A cat displaying this sort of aggression hisses, bares her teeth, and crouches low with her tail and legs tucked under her body. Her ears are flat against her head, her pupils are dilated, and her fur stands on end.
The management of this problem involves identification and, if possible, avoidance of fear-eliciting stimuli. You can attempt a gradual desensitization program, in which your cat is exposed to such stimuli a safe distance away for short periods of time, then rewarded with food treats for non-aggressive behavior. For example, if your cat has a fear of men, a man might stand at a distance that does not trigger aggressive behavior in your cat. Your cat gets a treat for her calm demeanor. With each session, the man moves closer, and gradually, the cat learns to associate the man’s presence with a tasty treat.
There are two important things not to do with a fear aggressive cat:
My cat kills outside mice and birds. I worry that he will attack our pet gerbil.
A normal, instinctive desire to hunt prey, predatory aggression includes the stalking, chasing, and attacking of rodents and birds. This behavior is inappropriate when directed toward humans, and can be disturbing when directed toward wildlife or small indoor pets.
A cat on the prowl shows hunting body postures. He slinks with a lowered head and a twitching tail, and lunges when the prey is within reach. Because this behavior is instinctive, it is especially hard to control. There are, however, some effective management strategies.
If your cat shows predatory aggression toward indoor pets like gerbils, hamsters, or pet birds, it is wise to deny him access to those animals. If you do not want your cat to hunt wildlife, consider keeping him indoors. Some wildlife can also be deterred from your property by removing bird feeders and using tightly sealed garbage containers.
Putting a bell on a breakaway collar around your cat’s neck so you know his whereabouts can help foil his sneak attacks on people. Take precautions with infants and toddlers, who are especially vulnerable to predatory aggression.
My arthritic cat growls and hisses when I pick her up to give her medicine. I don’t want to hurt her, or be hurt, but I have to give her pills.
A cat that dislikes being touched in a painful area may display pain-induced aggression in an attempt to stop you from handling her. This behavior can also be associated with past trauma. For example, a cat whose tail was once caught in a door may continue to resent any touching of his tail long after the pain is gone.
Resolving or alleviating the pain is the best way to manage this problem. However, like the arthritic cat described above, you may need to handle a cat in pain in order to treat her. If so, handle her as gently as possible, wear gloves if necessary, and give her food treats so that she associates your touch with a tasty reward. If she acts aggressive while you are handling her, do not reward her with kind words and petting; this demonstrates that aggressive behavior is acceptable. Finally, ask your veterinarian about medications that can help your cat cope with her pain.
Sometimes when I approach my cat while he’s on the windowsill looking outside, he turns around and swats at me, unprovoked. Why?
Redirected aggression typically occurs when a cat is aroused by one stimulus, but another pet or person intervenes. In the example above, a bird outside the window may have stimulated the cat, but the unsuspecting owner became the recipient of the lashing instead. A cat exhibiting redirected aggression may growl and pace; his hair stands on end, his tail swishes, and his pupils dilate.
Avoid the cat until he is calm. Interaction can lead to injury, and any attention, including punishment, may encourage his behavior. You may have to gently herd your cat to a quiet, dark room for a “time-out;” if necessary, use a thick, folded blanket or a board to protect yourself from injury. Periodically, enter the room, turn on the light, and put down a bowl of food. If your cat is still aggressive, turn the light off and leave. If he is calm, pet and praise him.
If your cat has exhibited redirected aggression toward another cat in the house, re-introduce the two cats slowly, once the aggressor has calmed. Place the cats on opposite ends of the room and feed them; if necessary, you can place each cat in a carrier to ensure their safety. This will allow both cats to associate food with the other’s presence. Such behavior modification techniques are important for maintaining household harmony; if severe redirected aggression occurs regularly, your two cats will learn to fight whenever they are together.
You may be able to prevent your cat’s redirected aggression if you can identify the stimulus that sets him off. However, if the stimulus is an outdoor noise, smell, or sight, you may have to block your cat’s exposure to the outside world. You can install electronic mats that deliver a harmless, mild shock, or put sticky tape on your windowsills. Window blinds are also effective deterrents. You can discourage outdoor animals from coming near your house by installing motion-activated sprinklers, removing bird feeders, and using well-sealed garbage containers.
Finally, you can interrupt redirected aggression between cats by immediately startling them with a water gun or shaking a jar of pennies. This sort of remote punishment keeps you from getting hurt, and if consistent, may discourage further attacks.
My cat begs for attention, but when I pet him for too long, he lashes out and runs away.
A cat exhibiting petting-induced aggression will usually seek out attention, but at some point while being petted, he acts as though he’s had too much, and he attacks.
Although a tensed body, flattened ears, and lashing tail are typical of the warning signs a cat gives before an attack, cat owners must learn to recognize signs that are particular to his or her cat. Young children are especially at risk because they may be unable to read a cat’s body language.
To manage this problem, examine the ways in which you handle your cat. Try holding or touching your cat only when he seeks you out; avoid uninvited handling, physical punishment, or picking up your cat when he’s eating. When petting your cat, do not use physical restraint; this can increase his anxiety.
You can systematically discourage your cat’s petting-induced aggression with the following tactics: Entice your cat onto your lap with a tasty treat, and lightly stroke him. Well before you detect his aggressive warning signs, place him on the floor with a treat to reward his peaceful behavior. Gradually increase the length of time you spend petting him, and he will learn that calm interactions are followed by treats.
The hardest part of dealing with petting-induced aggression is accepting that your cat has limits to what he will tolerate. Yours may never be a cuddly cat, but he can learn to interact without violence.
Our cat growls and hisses when we try to move her off our bed, although she constantly seeks our attention.
This cat is attempting to control the situation through status-induced aggression. Other examples include cats that block doorways, or solicit attention from their owner or another cat by biting or swatting them as they pass, often with unsheathed claws. The signs of this kind of aggression include tail swishing, flattened ears, dilated pupils, growling, and hissing.
To manage this cat, the owners must ignore the cat’s demands for play, food and attention; such rewards must only be given when the cat is relaxed. A relaxed cat holds her tail up, has normal sized pupils, and does not swat. Owners should never physically punish their cat; even a harmless tap on the nose may be viewed as a challenge and the cat may become even more aggressive. The most effective reaction to status-induced aggression is to ignore the cat completely.
My cat has been very nasty toward the new cat I just brought home. They have violent interactions and I worry that they’ll hurt each other.
Cats tend to defend their territory by exhibiting territorial aggression when a new cat is added to the household, and even when a resident cat returns from a hospital stay bearing unfamiliar smells. Owners often observe the territorial aggressive cat swatting, chasing, and attacking the new or returning cat.
The most effective management of territorial aggression is to prevent it from occurring when first bringing home a new cat. However, the following steps can be taken even if you have already introduced a new cat and your cats are brawling. All of the following steps should be taken slowly; rushed introductions are the most common cause of failure.
We took in a pregnant stray cat that recently gave birth. The mother cat gets very agitated and hisses if we try to approach her or the kittens.
The mother cat has maternal aggression. This behavior usually subsides as the kittens age. In the meantime, it is best to provide a low stress environment, keep visitors to a minimum, and avoid approaching or handling either the mother or her kittens if you are met with maternal aggression.
If you must handle the mother cat during this time, she can be muzzled or gently restrained. If the kittens need to be held, try to entice the mother away with some tasty food.
Our two male cats wake us up with fighting and hissing.
Male cats are often involved in inter-cat aggression, which usually erupts as one cat reaches social maturity at two to four years of age. Although this type of aggression is usually seen in males due to hormone-driven competition for mates, it can occur between cats of any sex when territorial conflicts occur. Such cats exhibit the typical signs of aggression: flattened ears, puffed-up hair, hissing, and howling.
Because there is a hormonal component, the first step toward alleviating this aggression is to neuter or spay all cats involved. If this has already been done, the cats should be separated, each with their own food, water, and litter box, whenever they are unsupervised. When you are monitoring them, they should be rewarded with treats for peaceful interactions. Put distinct sounding bells on breakaway collars on each cat so that you know their whereabouts. Immediately startle them with a loud noise (i.e. a compressed air canister, or shaken jar of pennies) or a squirt from a water gun whenever they behave aggressively.
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Kwa mujibu wa Cornell Feline Health Center, Chuo Kikuu cha Cornell, aina tofauti za uhasama hazipingani. Mbwa wako anaweza kuonyesha aina zaidi ya moja ya uhasama, na matatizo yanaweza kuwa makubwa zaidi au chini ya yale yaliyoelezwa hapa chini. Hata hivyo, kanuni fulani za jumla zinatumika kwa aina zote na viwango vya jeuri: Paka wangu ni mkali kwangu na kwa paka wangu mwingine. Ninapaswa kufanya nini? Kwa sababu uhasama unaweza kusababishwa na tatizo la matibabu, kwanza chukua paka wako kwa daktari wako wa mifugo, ambaye atafanya uchunguzi wa kimwili na vipimo vinavyofaa vya utambuzi. Hali zenye maumivu, kama vile ugonjwa wa viungo na meno, na vilevile hali za mfumo wa neva wa kati na ugonjwa wa tezi-kibofu, zote zimehusishwa na uhasama. Mara nyingi kupunguza hali za kitiba hutatua tabia ya jeuri. Baada ya sababu za matibabu kuondolewa, ni muhimu kuamua ni aina gani ya uhasama paka wako anaonyesha ili kuunda mkakati wa usimamizi na hatimaye, suluhisho. Nyakati nyingine paka wangu huninyonga na kunikwaruza tunapocheza. Najua watoto wa paka wanapenda kucheza, lakini mashambulizi yake ni yenye kuumiza. Kuuma na kukwaruza wakati wa kucheza ni tabia ya kawaida ya uchokozi wa kucheza, tabia ambayo huonekana kwa kawaida kwa paka wachanga na kittens. Watoto waliolelewa na watoto wenzao hujifunza kuuma na kukwaruza kwa nguvu kidogo, kwa sababu kucheza kwa ukali sana husababisha maumivu kwa mwenzake, na kusababisha kulipiza kisasi au kuacha kucheza. Kwa hiyo, kwa kawaida watoto wa paka ambao hawajakulia wakiwa na watoto wenzao au wale wanaocheza pamoja nao, hawachochewi sana, au hawana mahali panapofaa pa kucheza huonyesha kwamba wana hasira. Kwa kawaida, kitoto cha paka huonyesha jinsi anavyojiendesha. Mkia wake huinuka na kurudi, masikio yake huinuka juu ya kichwa chake, na pupils (sehemu nyeusi ya macho) huinuka. Kwa kawaida hali hiyo hutokea wakati wa kucheza na hufuatwa na kuumwa na kukwaruzwa. Watoto wa paka wanaowinda vitu vinavyoenda, kama vile mikono na miguu yako, pia huonyesha uhasama wa kucheza. Kucheza paka mkali mara nyingi stalks au kujificha, kisha kuruka nje na kushambulia kama wewe kupita. Jaribu kuweka rekodi ya wakati hii hutokea kuona kama kuna muundo. Kwa mfano, unaweza kujifunza kwamba kitten wako huwa ana mwelekeo wa kujificha chini ya kitanda chako na kuruka nje unapokuwa unajitayarisha kwenda kulala. Kwa kutazamia jambo hilo, na kutia moyo kucheza kabla ya shambulio hilo, huenda ukaweza kuzuia tabia hiyo. Kengele iliyo kwenye kola ya paka wako inakuonyesha mahali anapokuwa. Unaweza kumzuia asisafiri kwenye maeneo yake ya kupendeza ili kuzuia tabia hiyo. Mbinu nyingine ya usimamizi ni kutumia vifaa vya kuzuia kelele, kama vile kelele inayotokezwa na wanadamu, au mlipuko kutoka kwa chupa ya hewa iliyofinyangwa. Hizi lazima zitumiwe ndani ya sekunde chache za kwanza za kuanza kwa uhasama kuogopesha, badala ya kumtisha paka, ili kuacha tabia yake. Usimwadhibu paka wako, hata kwa kumkumbatia kidogo kwenye pua. Ugonjwa wa kuumwa unaweza kumfanya mtoto wako awe na tabia mbaya na kujifunza kukuogopa na kukukimbia. Kwa kuongezea, kuwasiliana kwa njia yoyote ya kimwili kwaweza kueleweka kuwa mchezo, ambao huthawabisha tabia ya kichaa yako ya kukasirika. Kuondoka tu na kumpuuza kitten wako ni bora zaidi; inamufundisha kwamba matokeo ya kucheza vibaya ni kutocheza. Vitu vyote vya kucheza vinapaswa kuwa mbali na mikono yako, ili paka wako asiwe na nafasi ya kukuuma au kukukwaruza. Kwa mfano: Paka wangu wa kawaida mwenye kupendeza hufadhaika sana kila wakati mtu mpya anapokuja nyumbani; hata amewashambulia wageni fulani. Hii ni ishara ya hofu, uhasama, tabia ya kujilinda dhidi ya vichocheo visivyojulikana, kama watu, wanyama, na kelele. Mambo yasiyo ya kawaida, kama vile kwenda kwa daktari wa mifugo, yaweza pia kusababisha woga. Paka anayeonyesha aina hiyo ya jeuri husema kwa sauti ya juu, anaonyesha meno yake, na kuketi chini akiwa na mkia na miguu iliyofichwa chini ya mwili wake. Masikio yake yamepigwa kichwa, pupils zake zimepanuka, na manyoya yake yamesimama juu. Usimamizi wa tatizo hili huhusisha kutambua na, ikiwezekana, kuepuka visababishi vinavyochochea hofu. Programu ya desensitization ya hatua kwa hatua, ambayo paka wako hufunuliwa kwa vichocheo kama hivyo kwa umbali salama kwa muda mfupi, kisha huthawabishwa na chakula kwa tabia isiyo ya uhasama. Kwa mfano, kama paka wako ana hofu ya watu, mtu anaweza kusimama kwa umbali ambao si kuamsha tabia ya uhasama katika paka wako. Paka wako hupata karamu kwa sababu ya tabia yake ya utulivu. Kila mara mtu anapokaribia, hatua kwa hatua paka hujifunza kuhusianisha uwepo wa mtu huyo na chakula kitamu. Kuna mambo mawili muhimu ambayo haipaswi kufanywa na paka mwenye hofu: Paka wangu huua panya na ndege nje. Nina wasiwasi kwamba ataishambulia ndege wetu wa kipenzi. Tamaa ya kawaida, ya kiasili ya kuwinda mawindo, uhasama wa kuwinda hutia ndani kuwatafuta, kuwafuatilia, na kuwashambulia panya na ndege. Tabia hii haifai inapowakabili wanadamu, na inaweza kusumbua inapowakabili wanyama wa porini au wanyama wadogo wa ndani. Paka anayetembea kwa bidii huonyesha miili ya wawindaji. Yeye hujipenyeza kwa kichwa kilicho chini na mkia unaochomoka, na hupiga mbio wakati mawindo yanapokuwa karibu. Kwa sababu tabia hiyo ni ya kiasili, ni vigumu sana kuidhibiti. Hata hivyo, kuna mbinu fulani zenye matokeo za kusimamia ugonjwa huo. Ikiwa paka wako anaonyesha uhasama dhidi ya wanyama wa ndani kama vile gerbils, hamsters, au ndege wa kufugwa, ni busara kumzuia asifikie wanyama hao. Ikiwa hutaki paka wako awinda wanyama wa porini, fikiria kumweka ndani ya nyumba. Wanyama wengine wa mwituni wanaweza pia kuzuiliwa kutoka kwenye mali yako kwa kuondoa vyombo vya kuwalisha ndege na kutumia vyombo vya taka vilivyofungwa kwa nguvu. Kuweka kengele kwenye kola ya kutoroka kuzunguka shingo ya paka wako ili ujue mahali alipo kunaweza kusaidia kuzuia mashambulizi yake ya siri kwa watu. Chukua tahadhari na watoto wachanga na wachanga, ambao ni hasa dhaifu kwa unyanyasaji wa wawindaji. Paka wangu mwenye ugonjwa wa viungo hukonona na kupiga kelele ninapomchukua ili kumpa dawa. Sitaki kumdhuru, au kuumizwa, lakini ni lazima nimpe dawa. Paka ambaye hapendi kuguswa katika eneo lenye maumivu anaweza kuonyesha uhasama unaosababishwa na maumivu katika jaribio la kukuzuia kumshika. Tabia hiyo yaweza pia kuhusianishwa na majeraha ya wakati uliopita. Kwa mfano, paka ambaye mkia wake ulikamatwa kwenye mlango huenda akaendelea kuchukizwa na kuguswa kwa mkia wake muda mrefu baada ya maumivu kutoweka. Kutatua au kupunguza maumivu ndiyo njia bora ya kushughulikia tatizo hilo. Hata hivyo, kama paka mwenye ugonjwa wa viungo aliyeelezwa hapo juu, huenda ukahitaji kumshughulikia paka mwenye maumivu ili umponye. Ikiwa ndivyo, shughulikia kwa upole iwezekanavyo, vaa glavu ikiwa ni lazima, na umpe vyakula ili ahusianishe kugusa kwako na thawabu nzuri. Ikiwa yeye hujiendesha kwa ukali wakati unamshika, usimpe tuzo kwa maneno ya fadhili na kumkumbatia; hii inaonyesha kwamba tabia ya ukali ni ya kukubalika. Kwa hiyo, mwambie daktari wako wa mifugo juu ya dawa za kumsaidia paka wako kukabiliana na maumivu yake. Wakati mwingine ninapomkaribia paka wangu anapokuwa kwenye dirisha akitazama nje, yeye huzunguka na kunipiga, bila kusababisha. Kwa nini? Uhasama unaoelekezwa kwa kawaida hutokea wakati paka anapoguswa na kichocheo kimoja, lakini mnyama mwingine au mtu anajingilia. Katika mfano uliotajwa hapo juu, huenda ndege aliyekuwa nje ya dirisha alimchochea paka, lakini mwenyeji asiye na shaka akawa mpokeaji wa pigo hilo. Paka anayeonyesha uhasama wa kuelekeza huenda akaanza kunguruma na kutembea kwa kasi; nywele zake huinuka, mkia wake hupeperushwa, na pupils zake hupanuka. Epuka paka huyo mpaka apumzike. Maingiliano yanaweza kusababisha majeraha, na uangalifu wowote, kutia ndani adhabu, waweza kutia moyo tabia yake. Unaweza kuwa na kwa upole kundi paka yako kwa kimya, chumba giza kwa ajili ya <unk>time-out<unk> kama ni lazima, kutumia nene, folded blanket au bodi ya kujikinga na jeraha. Mara kwa mara, ingia chumbani, taa, na uweke bakuli la chakula. Kama paka wako bado ni mkali, kuzima taa na kuondoka. Ikiwa ni mtulivu, mtukuze na kumsifu. Ikiwa paka wako ameonyesha uhasama wa kuelekeza kwa paka mwingine ndani ya nyumba, weka paka hao wawili tena polepole, mara tu mshambuliaji atakapotulia. Weka paka kwenye pande mbili za chumba na uwalishe; ikiwa ni lazima, unaweza kuweka kila paka kwenye mnyama ili kuhakikisha usalama wao. Hii itaruhusu paka wote wawili kuhusisha chakula na uwepo wa mwingine. Mbinu kama hizo za kubadilisha tabia ni muhimu kwa kudumisha usawa wa nyumbani; ikiwa unyanyasaji mkali unaoelekezwa hutokea mara kwa mara, paka zako mbili zitajifunza kupigana wakati wowote wanapokuwa pamoja. Huenda ukaweza kuzuia uhasama wa paka wako ukielekezwa mahali pengine ikiwa unaweza kutambua kichocheo kinachomfanya aendelee. Hata hivyo, ikiwa kichocheo ni kelele ya nje, harufu, au maono, huenda ukalazimika kuzuia paka wako asiingie katika ulimwengu wa nje. Unaweza kuweka mikeka ya elektroniki ambayo hutoa mshtuko mdogo usio na madhara, au kuweka mkanda wa kunata kwenye madirisha yako. Vipuli vya madirisha pia ni vitu vyenye kuzuia watu. Unaweza kuwazuia wanyama wasikaribie nyumba yako kwa kuweka mashine za kunyunyizia maji, kuondoa vyombo vya kuwalisha ndege, na kutumia vyombo vya taka vilivyofungwa vizuri. Mwishowe, unaweza kukatiza uhasama kati ya paka kwa kuwaogopesha mara moja kwa bunduki ya maji au kutikisa chupa ya senti. Aina hii ya adhabu ya mbali inakuzuia usijeruhi, na ikiwa ni ya kawaida, inaweza kukuzuia mashambulizi zaidi. Paka wangu humsihi apewe uangalifu, lakini ninapomkumbatia kwa muda mrefu mno, yeye hukasirika na kukimbia. Paka anayeonyesha jeuri inayosababishwa na kupigwa kwa kawaida hutafuta uangalifu, lakini wakati fulani anapopigwa, yeye hutenda kana kwamba amekuwa na mengi mno, na yeye hushambulia. Ingawa mwili uliochanganyikiwa, masikio yaliyochanganyikiwa, na mkia unaochanganya ni ishara za kawaida za kuonya ambazo paka hutoa kabla ya kushambulia, wamiliki wa paka lazima wajifunze kutambua ishara ambazo ni za paka wake. Watoto wadogo wako hatarini hasa kwa sababu huenda wasiweze kusoma lugha ya mwili wa paka. Ili kukabiliana na tatizo hilo, angalia jinsi unavyomshughulikia paka wako. Jaribu kumshika au kumgusa paka wako tu anapokutafuta; epuka kumshika bila kualikwa, kumwadhibu kimwili, au kumshika paka wako anapokula. Unapomkumbatia paka wako, usimkamate kimwili; hilo laweza kuongeza wasiwasi wake. Unaweza kuzuia uhasama wa paka wako kwa kutumia mbinu zifuatazo: Mvuta paka wako kifuani mwako kwa kumpa chakula kitamu, na umpige kidogo. Kabla ya kutambua ishara zake za kuonya, weka mtoto wako chini na kumpa zawadi ili kumthawabisha kwa tabia yake ya amani. Punguza hatua kwa hatua muda unaotumia kumkumbatia, na atajifunza kwamba mazungumzo ya utulivu hufuatwa na vitamu. Sehemu ngumu zaidi ya kukabiliana na uhasama unaosababishwa na kupigwa ni kukubali kwamba paka wako ana mipaka ya kile atakachovumilia. Huenda paka wako asingeweza kamwe kuwa mwenye kupendeza, lakini anaweza kujifunza kuingiliana bila jeuri. Paka wetu huunguruma na kupiga kelele tunapojaribu kumtoa kitandani, ingawa daima anatafuta uangalifu wetu. Paka huyu anajaribu kudhibiti hali hiyo kupitia jeuri inayosababishwa na hadhi. Mfano mwingine ni paka ambao huzuia milango, au wanatafuta tahadhari kutoka kwa mmiliki wao au paka mwingine kwa kuumwa au kuwapiga wanapopita, mara nyingi kwa makucha yasiyofunikwa. Dalili za aina hii ya uhasama zinatia ndani mkia unaopeperushwa, masikio yaliyo tambarare, pupils zilizopanuka, kunguruma, na kupiga kelele. Ili kusimamia paka huyu, wamiliki lazima wapuuze mahitaji ya paka ya kucheza, chakula na umakini; tuzo kama hizo lazima zitolewe tu wakati paka amepumzika. Paka aliye na utulivu huinua mkia wake, ana pupils za ukubwa wa kawaida, na hapigi. Wamiliki hawapaswi kamwe kumwadhibu paka wao kimwili; hata kugonga pua bila madhara kunaweza kuonwa kuwa changamoto na paka anaweza kuwa mkali zaidi. Njia bora ya kukabiliana na jeuri inayosababishwa na hadhi ni kupuuza paka huyo kabisa. Paka wangu amekuwa mchafu sana kwa paka mpya niliyemleta nyumbani. Wana mahusiano ya jeuri na nina wasiwasi kwamba wataumizana. Paka huwa na mwelekeo wa kulinda eneo lao kwa kuonyesha uhasama wa eneo wakati paka mpya anaongezwa kwa nyumba, na hata wakati paka wa makazi anarudi kutoka kwa kukaa hospitalini na harufu zisizojulikana. Mara nyingi wamiliki wa paka huona paka huyo mwenye jeuri akimshambulia, kumfukuza, na kumshambulia paka mpya au aliyerudi. Njia bora ya kuzuia uhasama wa eneo ni kuuzuia usitokee wakati wa kuleta paka mpya nyumbani. Hata hivyo, hatua zifuatazo zaweza kuchukuliwa hata ikiwa tayari umemleta paka mpya na paka zako zinapigana. Hatua zote zifuatazo zinapaswa kuchukuliwa polepole; kuanzishwa kwa haraka ni sababu ya kawaida ya kushindwa. Tulimkaribisha paka mvulana aliye na mimba ambaye alikuwa amezaa hivi karibuni. Mama paka hukasirika sana na kupiga kelele tunapojaribu kumkaribia yeye au watoto wake. Mama paka ana uhasama wa mama. Kwa kawaida tabia hiyo hupungua kadiri paka wanavyozeeka. Wakati huo huo, ni bora kutoa mazingira ya chini ya mkazo, kuweka wageni kwa kiwango cha chini, na kuepuka kukaribia au kushughulikia ama mama au kittens yake kama wewe kukutana na unyanyasaji wa mama. Ikiwa ni lazima umshike mama paka wakati huo, anaweza kufungwa mdomo au kumfunga kwa upole. Ikiwa watoto hao wanahitaji kukamatwa, jaribu kumshawishi mama huyo aondoke kwa chakula kitamu. Paka wetu wawili wa kiume hutuzuia kwa kupigana na kupiga kelele. Kwa kawaida paka wa kiume hujihusisha na uhasama kati ya paka, ambao huanza wakati paka mmoja anapofikia ukomavu wa kijamii akiwa na umri wa miaka miwili hadi minne. Ingawa aina hii ya uhasama ni kawaida kuonekana katika wanaume kutokana na ushindani wa homoni kwa ajili ya wenzi, inaweza kutokea kati ya paka wa jinsia yoyote wakati migogoro ya kanda kutokea. Paka hao huonyesha dalili za kawaida za uhasama: masikio yaliyo tambarare, nywele zilizofurika, kupiga kelele, na kulia. Kwa sababu kuna sehemu ya homoni, hatua ya kwanza ya kupunguza uhasama huu ni kuwahamisha au kuwaangamiza paka wote wanaohusika. Ikiwa umefanya hivyo, paka wanapaswa kutenganishwa, kila mmoja akiwa na chakula, maji, na sanduku lake mwenyewe la litter, wakati wowote wanapokuwa bila uangalizi. Unapowatazama, wanapaswa kupewa zawadi kwa ajili ya mahusiano ya amani. Weka kengele za sauti tofauti kwenye kola za kila paka ili ujue mahali walipo. Mara moja kuogopesha yao na kelele kubwa (yaani Mfuko wa hewa iliyofinyangwa (kama vile chupa ya pesa) au mtiririko kutoka kwa bunduki ya maji wakati wowote wanapojitendea kwa ukali. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika taarifa ya kampuni ya ""Pets & People"" (Pets & People Inc., 2720 Hawthorne Boulevard, Suite 125 Rolling Hills Estates, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA, CA "Kampuni ya ""Oxyfresh"" ya Marekani, Inc. (NYSE: OXYFREAS) inaendesha bidhaa za ""Oxyfresh"" na ""Oxyfresh"" kwa ajili ya wanyama wa kufugwa, wanyama wa kufugwa, na wanyama wa kufugwa." "Kampuni ya ""Sprinkler"" ya Spokane, WA, iliyoko katika eneo la ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya ""Sprinkler"" ya""" Box 115 Saanichton, British Columbia Canada V8M 2C3 PetMat Radio Systems Corporation 5008 National Drive Knoxville, TN 37914 The Dog's Outfitters 1 Maplewood Drive Hazleton, PA 18201 (Motor detector that turns on a sprinkler when activated)