The Internet of Things (IoT) technology is considered one of the most innovative and interesting technologies currently, as it is a network of devices connected to the internet, including everything from household appliances, hospitals, factories, cars, and airplanes, allowing them to communicate with each other and exchange data easily and efficiently.
The IoT was developed to enable communication between different devices and to exchange data smoothly and easily, allowing remote control of devices and collecting data about their usage. This is achieved by installing electronic sensors in the different devices that are connected to the internet.
The five steps that Internet of Things (IoT) systems go through:
Sensors: Through sensors, data can be collected from the environment and interacted with. Sensors can capture images, videos, vibrations, sound, heat, humidity, track objects, and more.
IoT gateway: This gateway connects to all sensors and acts as a gateway for securely transmitting data using protocols such as MQTT. It can control the process of sending data in an organized and secure manner by encrypting it.
Connectivity: After collecting data, it needs to be sent to a platform on servers or in the cloud for processing. This is done by using a network, which can be Bluetooth, WiFi, cellular networks like 4G or 5G, long-range networks like LoRa, or short-range networks like ZigBee, SigFox, NB-IoT, and others. The appropriate connectivity method can be chosen based on cost, range, data size, and transfer speed.
Data processing: After transferring data through the network, there is a platform on servers or in the cloud that processes, stores, and analyzes the data. Artificial intelligence tools can be used to perform advanced analytics such as predictive analytics.
User interface: This interface is related to the end user, who can access, visualize, and interact with the data.
Examples of Internet of Things technology include smart surveillance cameras:
Step 1: Cameras can collect real-time data.
Step 2: When a body is detected or an unusual sound is heard, the data is sent to an IoT gateway.
Step 3: The data is transmitted over a network, which may be Wi-Fi, to the cloud-based application.
Step 4: Data processing and analysis.
Step 5: The data is displayed and the end user is alerted through a mobile application, text message, or email.
Internet of Things (IoT) offers many opportunities to improve efficiency and reduce costs in many areas such as industry, agriculture, transportation, and healthcare. It can be used to collect data about processes and analyze it to make better decisions, and the data collected can be stored in the internet cloud for later use.
However, IoT requires strong security technologies to protect the data sent and received over the network, as everything in the world is being turned into a part of this network.
Teknolojia ya Internet of Things (IoT) ni moja ya teknolojia za ubunifu na za kuvutia zaidi kwa sasa, kwani ni mtandao wa vifaa vilivyounganishwa kwenye mtandao, ikiwa ni pamoja na kila kitu kutoka kwa vifaa vya nyumbani, hospitali, viwanda, magari, na ndege, na kuwaruhusu kuwasiliana na kila mmoja na kubadilishana data kwa urahisi na kwa ufanisi. IoT iliundwa ili kuwezesha mawasiliano kati ya vifaa tofauti na kubadilishana data kwa urahisi na kwa urahisi, kuruhusu udhibiti wa mbali wa vifaa na kukusanya data kuhusu matumizi yao. Hii hupatikana kwa kufunga sensorer za elektroniki katika vifaa tofauti ambavyo vimeunganishwa na mtandao. Hatua tano za Internet of Things (IoT): Sensors: Kupitia sensors, data inaweza kukusanywa kutoka kwa mazingira na kuingiliana nayo. Sensorer zinaweza kukamata picha, video, mtetemeko, sauti, joto, unyevu, kufuatilia vitu, na zaidi. IoT Gateway: Hii gateway inaunganisha kwa sensorer zote na hufanya kazi kama gateway kwa ajili ya salama kupitisha data kwa kutumia itifaki kama vile MQT. Inaweza kudhibiti mchakato wa kutuma data kwa njia iliyoandaliwa na salama kwa kuificha. Kuunganisha: Baada ya kukusanya data, inahitaji kupelekwa kwenye jukwaa kwenye seva au wingu kwa usindikaji. Hii inafanywa kwa kutumia mtandao, ambayo inaweza kuwa Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, mitandao ya rununu kama 4G au 5G, mitandao ya masafa marefu kama LoRa, au mitandao ya masafa mafupi kama Zigbee, SigFox, NB-IoT, na wengine. Njia sahihi ya muunganisho inaweza kuchaguliwa kulingana na gharama, mbalimbali, ukubwa wa data, na kasi ya uhamisho. Baada ya kuhamisha data kupitia mtandao, kuna jukwaa kwenye seva au wingu ambalo hutengeneza, kuhifadhi na kuchambua data. Vifaa vya akili bandia vinaweza kutumika kufanya uchambuzi wa hali ya juu kama vile uchambuzi wa utabiri. User interface: interface hii inahusiana na mtumiaji wa mwisho, ambaye anaweza kupata, kuona, na kuingiliana na data. Mfano wa teknolojia ya Internet ya Vitu ni pamoja na kamera za ufuatiliaji smart: Hatua ya 1: Kamera zinaweza kukusanya data ya wakati halisi. Hatua ya pili: Wakati mwili unagunduliwa au sauti isiyo ya kawaida inasikika, data hutumwa kwa lango la IoT. Hatua ya 3: Data ni kusambazwa juu ya mtandao, ambayo inaweza kuwa Wi-Fi, kwa maombi wingu-msingi. Hatua ya 4: Usindikaji na uchambuzi wa data Hatua ya 5: Data inaonyeshwa na mtumiaji wa mwisho anaonyeshwa kupitia programu ya rununu, ujumbe wa maandishi, au barua pepe. Mtandao wa Vitu (IoT) hutoa fursa nyingi za kuboresha ufanisi na kupunguza gharama katika maeneo mengi kama vile viwanda, kilimo, usafiri, na huduma za afya. Inaweza kutumika kukusanya data kuhusu michakato na kuchambua ili kufanya maamuzi bora, na data zilizokusanywa zinaweza kuhifadhiwa katika wingu la mtandao kwa matumizi ya baadaye. Hata hivyo, IoT inahitaji teknolojia ya usalama yenye nguvu kulinda data iliyotumwa na kupokea kupitia mtandao, kwani kila kitu ulimwenguni kinageuzwa kuwa sehemu ya mtandao huu.