1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The impact of oil companies towards improved welfare (social responsibility) for Nigerians as a whole and Niger Delta in particular goes to the very beginning. In 1962, most of the oil companies began oil exploration activities in the country. They presented the federal government an Aid-to-education plan under which they pledged to provide $900,000, over a period of five years for the education of Nigerians in various field. Since then, the oil companies have evolved a comprehensive programme for supporting the development of
Nigeria’s different sectors namely education, health, infrastructural development, employment generation among others.
The concept of corporate social responsibilities as a new concept in the business world is the ability of a corporation to relate its operations and polices to the needs of the environment and the work force to the benefit of the organization and the host communities.
Corporate social responsibility involves management of an organization, working and relating with host communities and own labour force to ensure that the company is responsible and responsive to corporate government. It includes the participation of the company in such vital areas as environmental protection, training of its work force and welfare package and employment, provision of social amenities within plant location, such as water, electricity, bridges, roads, schools, scholarship programmes and youth development programmes for the community and natural development.
Business and society are inter-dependent because business cannot operate in a vacuum, it operates in the society and contribute immensely to the hazards of the environment from citizens and at same time provides employment, security and other many values to the community.
Thus, the concept of social responsibility of oil companies is vital in the life of organized business operations.
1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Presently, it is obvious that oil companies are not living
up to expectations of their duties in the host communities. This contributed immensely to environmental degradation of the region, the air, water and land pollution, destruction of natural habitations and waste disposal system that are harmful and destructive to the host community.
Lack of corporation to tackle the problem and reduce the effects of drilling activities on the environment and raise the standard of living of the people in the host communities became a source of concern to the youth of the region.
Secondly, lack of infrastructures and social amenities in the host communities of Niger Delta region by the federal government and oil companies operating in the region. Thus, the researcher is intended in finding out the cause of these problems in the region.
1.3. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The research objectives include the following:
1. To assess if oil companies as part of their social responsibilities can tackle varying ecological issues in the host community.
2. To determine the extent to which oil companies have contributed to the infrastructural development of the host community. However, this should delve into health care, portable water supply and education.
3. To evaluate the impact of the social responsiveness of the company on the life of the people in the host community.
4. To ascertain the impacts of the activities of the oil companies on their host environment.
1.4. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The following research questions were formulated to
enable the researcher carry out the study:
1. How has the social responsibility of Shell Company tackled varying ecological issues in the host environment? (That is help in preserving the environment
2. How has shell Oil Company as part of its social responsibilities to the host communities contributed in the infrastructural development in the host community?
3. In their assertion that all the issues raise above are met, how has it impacted on the life’s of the people?
4. How has Shell Oil Company through its activities made an impact on individual in the host community?
1.5. FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis was formulated base on the
objectives and problems of this research.
Ho: Shell Company has been useful in providing some of the amenities to the host communities.
Hi: Shell companies has not been useful in providing some of the amenities to the host communities.
Ho: The multinational companies provide adequate infrastructures and amenities in the region.
Hi: The multinational companies do not provide adequate infrastructures and amenities in the region.
1.6. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The significance of the study lies in the fact that it would
add to the alliteration guiding the federal government of Nigeria on how best social responsibilities of oil companies could be used and investigated in the region in order to restore progress, peace and security of life’s and property of the communities they operate.
It will equally help the government make motivating polices to encourage organizations in the region participate and implement fully, the corporate social responsibilities policies and goals in communities of operation.
1.7. SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study focused on the role of corporate
social responsibilities of multinational companies in the host communities. Specifically, the host communities expect the companies to improve and raise the standard of living of the people and also what the companies expect from the host communities, especially what shell company is able to do in
this direction, to alleviate the impacts of oil exploration on the people of the region.
1.8. LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
This research is limited to the impact of social responsibilities of oil companies on the host communities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Though, there are many oil companies in Nigeria, but this research only concentrates on the social responsibilities of shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria.
However, due to the constrain in getting funds, the research work was fully financed by my sponsor and was restricted from odds.
Furthermore, the problem of meeting the needed population size and other offices as regards data collection makes the research work base on questionnaires. The method of data collection was centered on the distribution of questionnaires and partly personal contracts or interview when and where necessary
Therefore, the researcher will continue to put together the necessary and available materials and data in spite of the difficulties involved in the actualization of this research.
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1.1. Kwa mujibu wa ripoti hiyo, kampuni za mafuta nchini Nigeria zimekuwa zikijaribu kuimarisha hali ya afya ya watu wa eneo hilo, hasa katika eneo la Niger Delta. Mwaka 1962 kampuni za mafuta zilianza shughuli za kuchunguza mafuta nchini humo. Serikali ya Nigeria imetoa mpango wa kutoa msaada kwa elimu kwa miaka mitano kwa ajili ya elimu ya watu wa Nigeria. Tangu wakati huo, makampuni ya mafuta yamebuni mpango wa kina wa kusaidia maendeleo ya sekta tofauti za Nigeria, yaani elimu, afya, maendeleo ya miundombinu, uzalishaji wa ajira miongoni mwa wengine. "Mtazamo wa ""wajibikaji wa kijamii wa ushirika"" ni uwezo wa shirika la kuunganisha shughuli zake na sera zake na mahitaji ya mazingira na nguvu za kazi kwa faida ya shirika na jamii za mwenyeji." Uwajibikaji wa kijamii wa kampuni unahusisha usimamizi wa shirika, kufanya kazi na kuwasiliana na jamii za mwenyeji na nguvu ya kazi ya kibinafsi ili kuhakikisha kwamba kampuni inawajibika na inajibu kwa serikali ya kampuni. Hii inajumuisha ushiriki wa kampuni katika maeneo muhimu kama vile ulinzi wa mazingira, mafunzo ya wafanyakazi wake na mfuko wa ustawi na ajira, utoaji wa huduma za kijamii ndani ya eneo la kiwanda, kama vile maji, umeme, madaraja, barabara, shule, programu za udhamini na mipango ya maendeleo ya vijana kwa jamii na maendeleo ya asili. Biashara na jamii zinategemea kwa sababu biashara haiwezi kufanya kazi katika utupu, inafanya kazi katika jamii na inachangia sana hatari za mazingira kutoka kwa raia na wakati huo huo hutoa ajira, usalama na maadili mengine mengi kwa jamii. Hivyo, dhana ya wajibu wa kijamii wa makampuni ya mafuta ni muhimu katika maisha ya shughuli za biashara iliyoandaliwa. 1.2. Kwa sasa, ni wazi kwamba makampuni ya mafuta hayatoi matarajio ya majukumu yao katika jamii za mwenyeji. Hii imesababisha uharibifu mkubwa wa mazingira ya eneo hilo, uchafuzi wa hewa, maji na ardhi, uharibifu wa makazi ya asili na mfumo wa kuondoa taka ambazo ni hatari na uharibifu kwa jamii ya mwenyeji. Ukosefu wa shirika la kukabiliana na tatizo hilo na kupunguza athari za shughuli za kuchimba madini kwenye mazingira na kuongeza kiwango cha maisha ya watu katika jamii za mwenyeji ikawa chanzo cha wasiwasi kwa vijana wa mkoa huo. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""ukosefu wa miundombinu na huduma za kijamii katika jamii za mwenyeji wa eneo la Delta ya Niger na serikali ya shirikisho na makampuni ya mafuta yanayofanya kazi katika mkoa huo.""" Hivyo, mtafiti anakusudia kujua kisababishi cha matatizo haya katika eneo hilo. 1.3.- Lengo la utafiti ni pamoja na: Kutathmini kama makampuni ya mafuta kama sehemu ya majukumu yao ya kijamii inaweza kukabiliana na masuala mbalimbali ya ikolojia katika jamii mwenyeji. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Kuamua kiwango ambacho makampuni ya mafuta yamechangia maendeleo ya miundombinu ya jamii ya mwenyeji. Hata hivyo, hii inapaswa kuchunguza huduma za afya, usambazaji wa maji ya kubebeka na elimu. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Kutathmini athari za majibu ya kijamii ya kampuni juu ya maisha ya watu katika jamii ya mwenyeji. 4. Uwe na uhakika Kuamua athari za shughuli za makampuni ya mafuta juu ya mazingira yao ya mwenyeji. 1.4. - Maswali ya utafiti: Maswali ya utafiti yafuatayo yameundwa ili kumwezesha mtafiti kutekeleza utafiti: Jinsi gani wajibu wa kijamii wa Kampuni ya Shell imeshughulikia masuala mbalimbali ya ikolojia katika mazingira ya mwenyeji? (Hiyo ni msaada katika kuhifadhi mazingira 2. Shirika la Shell Oil limekuwa likifanya kazi kwa bidii katika sekta ya mafuta na mafuta na pia katika sekta ya uendeshaji wa huduma za umma. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Katika madai yao kwamba masuala yote yaliyoinuliwa hapo juu yanatimizwa, imeathirije maisha ya watu? 4. Uwe na uhakika Kampuni ya Shell Oil imeathirije jamii ya mwenyeji kupitia shughuli zake? 1.5. - FOMULATION YA HIPHOTHESIS Nadharia ifuatayo iliundwa kwa msingi wa malengo na matatizo ya utafiti huu. Shell imetoa msaada wa kifedha kwa jamii za wageni. "Mwanamke huyo alisema: ""Kampuni za Shell hazijawahi kutoa huduma za kutosha kwa jamii za wageni." "Makampuni ya kimataifa yanatoa ""mfumo wa msingi wa huduma"" katika eneo hilo." "Mwanamke huyo alisema: ""Kampuni za kimataifa hazitumiwi na watu wachache sana katika eneo hili." 1.6. (a) Kwa nini? "Uthamini wa utafiti huo unategemea ukweli kwamba utaongeza ""maelezo ya kuongoza serikali ya shirikisho la Nigeria juu ya jinsi bora ya majukumu ya kijamii ya makampuni ya mafuta yanaweza kutumika na kuchunguzwa katika mkoa ili kurudisha maendeleo, amani na usalama wa maisha na mali ya jamii wanazofanya kazi.""" Pia itasaidia serikali kufanya sera za kuhamasisha kuhamasisha mashirika katika mkoa kushiriki na kutekeleza kikamilifu, sera za uwajibikaji wa kijamii wa ushirika na malengo katika jamii za uendeshaji. 1.7. - Utafiti huo ulikazia jukumu la wajibu wa kijamii wa kampuni za kimataifa katika jamii za wenyeji. "Hata hivyo, jamii za wenyeji zinatarajia makampuni hayo kuboresha na kuongeza kiwango cha maisha cha watu na pia kile makampuni yanatarajia kutoka kwa jamii za wenyeji, hasa kile kampuni ya shell inaweza kufanya katika mwelekeo huu, kupunguza athari za utafutaji wa mafuta kwa watu wa mkoa huo. """ 1.8. (a) Kwa nini? Utafiti huu umepatikana katika maeneo ya Niger Delta, Nigeria. Kampuni za mafuta nchini Nigeria zimekuwa zikiendelea kuimarika, lakini utafiti huu unazingatia tu majukumu ya kijamii ya Shell Petroleum Development Company of Nigeria. Hata hivyo, kwa sababu ya vikwazo katika kupata fedha, kazi ya utafiti ilikuwa kikamilifu kufadhiliwa na mdhamini wangu na ilikuwa imepunguzwa kutoka odds. Zaidi ya hayo, tatizo la kukidhi mahitaji ya ukubwa wa idadi ya watu na ofisi nyingine kuhusiana na ukusanyaji wa data hufanya utafiti kazi msingi juu ya maswali. Njia ya kukusanya data ilikuwa juu ya usambazaji wa maswali na sehemu ya mikataba ya kibinafsi au mahojiano wakati na mahali ambapo inahitajika, kwa hivyo mtafiti ataendelea kuweka pamoja vifaa na data zinazohitajika na zinazopatikana licha ya ugumu unaohusika katika uhalisi wa utafiti huu. Huwezi kupata kile unachokitafuta? Weka mkataba na mwandishi wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti. Endelea kuajiri mwandishi <unk>