Minimally Invasive Surgeries
Minimally Invasive Procedures (also known as minimally invasive surgeries) encompass surgical techniques that limit the size of incisions needed and so lessen wound healing time, associated pain and risk of infection. Surgery by definition is invasive and many operations requiring incisions of some size are referred to as open surgery, in which incisions made can sometimes leave large wounds that are painful and take a long time to heal. Minimally invasive procedures have been enabled by the advance of various medical technologies. An endovascular aneurysm repair as an example of minimally invasive surgery is much less invasive in that it involves much smaller incisions than the corresponding open surgery procedure of open aortic surgery. Minimally invasive surgery is a surgery minimizing surgical incisions to reduce trauma to the body. This type of surgery is usually performed using thin-needles and an endoscope to visually guide the surgery.
The goal of minimally invasive surgery is to reduce postoperative pain and blood loss, speed recovery, and lessen scarring.
The front-runners of minimally invasive procedures were interventional radiologists. By the use of imaging techniques, interventional instruments could be directed throughout the body by the radiologists by way of catheters instead of large incisions needed in traditional surgery, so that many conditions once requiring surgery can now be treated non-surgically.
Diagnostic techniques that do not involve the puncturing of the skin or incision, or the introduction into the body of foreign objects or materials, are known as non-invasive procedures. There are also several treatment procedures that are classed as non-invasive. A major example of a non-invasive alternative treatment to surgery is radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy
In minimally invasive surgery, doctors use a variety of techniques to operate with less damage to the body than with open surgery. In general, minimally invasive surgery is associated with less pain, a shorter hospital stay and fewer complications.
Laparoscopy — surgery done through one or more small incisions, using small tubes and tiny cameras and surgical instruments — was one of the first types of minimally invasive surgery. Another type of minimally invasive surgery is robotic surgery. It provides a magnified, 3D view of the surgical site and helps the surgeon operate with precision, flexibility and control. Continual innovations in minimally invasive surgery make it beneficial for people with a wide range of conditions.
Minimally invasive surgery should have less operative trauma, other complications and adverse effects than an equivalent open surgery. It may be more or less expensive (for dental implants, a minimally invasive method reduces the cost of installed implants and shortens the implant-prosthetic rehabilitation time with 4–6 months). Operative time is longer, but hospitalization time is shorter. It causes less pain and scarring, speeds recovery, and reduces the incidence of post-surgical complications, such as adhesions and wound rupture. Some studies have compared heart surgery
Risks and complications of minimally invasive procedures are the same as for any other surgical operation, among the risks are: death, bleeding, infection, organ injury, and thromboembolic disease
There may be an increased risk of hypothermia and peritoneal trauma due to increased exposure to cold, dry gases during insufflation. The use of surgical humidification therapy, which is the use of heated and humidified CO2 for insufflation, may reduce this risk.
Upasuaji wa chini ya uvamizi (au upasuaji wa chini ya uvamizi) ni mbinu za upasuaji ambazo hupunguza ukubwa wa upasuaji unaohitajika na hivyo kupunguza muda wa uponyaji wa jeraha, maumivu yanayohusiana na hatari ya maambukizo. Upasuaji kwa ufafanuzi ni uvamizi na shughuli nyingi zinazohitaji upasuaji wa ukubwa fulani huitwa upasuaji wa wazi, ambapo upasuaji unaofanywa wakati mwingine unaweza kuacha majeraha makubwa ambayo ni yenye uchungu na huchukua muda mrefu kuponya. Utaratibu wa upasuaji usio na upasuaji umefanywa iwezekane kwa sababu ya maendeleo ya teknolojia mbalimbali za kitiba. Upasuaji wa endovascular aneurysm ni upasuaji mdogo wa kuingilia kwa njia ya upasuaji wa aorta. Upasuaji wa kuvamia kidogo ni upasuaji unaopunguza vipande vya upasuaji ili kupunguza majeraha ya mwili. Kwa kawaida aina hii ya upasuaji hufanywa kwa kutumia sindano nyembamba na endoscope ili kuongoza upasuaji huo kwa macho. Lengo la upasuaji usio na uvamizi mkubwa ni kupunguza maumivu ya baada ya upasuaji na kupoteza damu, kuharakisha kupona, na kupunguza makovu. Wataalamu wa uchunguzi wa mionzi walikuwa wa kwanza kutumia mbinu hizo. Kwa kutumia mbinu za upimaji wa picha, vyombo vya upasuaji vinaweza kuelekezwa katika mwili wote na wataalamu wa radiolojia kwa njia ya catheters badala ya upasuaji mkubwa unaohitajika katika upasuaji wa jadi, ili hali nyingi ambazo wakati mmoja zilihitaji upasuaji sasa ziweze kutibiwa bila upasuaji. Mbinu za utambuzi ambazo hazihusishi kupasua ngozi au kupasua, au kuingiza katika mwili vitu au vifaa vya kigeni, zinajulikana kama taratibu zisizo za uvamizi. Pia kuna taratibu kadhaa za matibabu ambazo huonwa kuwa zisizo za uvamizi. Mfano wa matibabu yasiyo ya uvamizi kwa upasuaji ni radiotherapy, ambayo pia huitwa radiotherapy.Upasuaji wa uvamizi mdogo, madaktari hutumia mbinu mbalimbali kufanya kazi na uharibifu mdogo kwa mwili kuliko upasuaji wa wazi. Kwa ujumla, upasuaji usio na uvamizi mkubwa huhusisha maumivu machache, kukaa hospitalini kwa muda mfupi na matatizo machache. Laparoscopy - upasuaji uliofanywa kupitia upasuaji mmoja au zaidi mdogo, kwa kutumia mirija midogo na kamera ndogo na vyombo vya upasuaji - ilikuwa moja ya aina za kwanza za upasuaji wa uvamizi mdogo. Aina nyingine ya upasuaji usio na upasuaji ni upasuaji unaofanywa kwa roboti. Inaonyesha sehemu ya upasuaji kwa njia ya 3D na husaidia upasuaji kufanya kazi kwa usahihi, kubadilika na kudhibiti. Ubunifu unaoendelea katika upasuaji usio na uvamizi mdogo hufanya uwe na manufaa kwa watu wenye magonjwa mbalimbali. Upasuaji wa upasuaji mdogo unapaswa kuwa na majeraha machache ya uendeshaji, matatizo mengine na athari mbaya kuliko upasuaji wa wazi sawa. Kwa mfano, kwa ajili ya implantation ya meno, mbinu ya upasuaji mdogo hupunguza gharama ya implantation na kupunguza muda wa rehabilitation ya implantation na miezi 4. Wakati wa upasuaji ni mrefu zaidi, lakini muda wa kulazwa hospitalini ni mfupi zaidi. Inafanya maumivu yawe madogo na kuunda makovu, hupunguza uponyaji, na kupunguza matatizo ya baada ya upasuaji, kama vile kuunganishwa na kupasuka kwa jeraha. Ugonjwa wa moyo ni hatari ya kuambukizwa na kuambukizwa na magonjwa mengine ya moyo kama vile ugonjwa wa damu, ugonjwa wa thromboembolic, na hatari ya kupoteza joto la mwili na kuambukizwa na gesi kavu wakati wa infusion. Matibabu ya upasuaji ya unyevu, ambayo ni matumizi ya CO2 iliyopashwa joto na unyevu kwa ajili ya kuingiza, inaweza kupunguza hatari hii.