- Identify counseling skills needed for behavior change.
- Recognize behavioral, cognitive, and psychoeducational treatment strategies.
Course outcome assessed/addressed in this assignment:
NS420-1: Apply professional nutritional counseling skills to a client session.
“Student’s work thoroughly meets all of the following criteria: Student identifies and justifies stage of change, based on Josephine’s behavior. Student describes how to establish rapport and how that method is specific to Josephine’s needs. Student applies two cognitive behavioral techniques and discusses how they are appropriate to Josephine’s situation. Student describes three counseling skills and why they are appropriate for Josephine. Student demonstrates effective active listening by accurately reflecting Josephine’s emotion back to her, not giving direct advice immediately, placating her, or dismissing her emotion.”
GEL-1.03: Demonstrate college-level communication through the oral delivery of original materials in Standard English.
Mastery level: “Student oral communication uses Standard English and includes a highly developed and sustained viewpoint and purpose. Communication is highly ordered, logical and unified. Oral delivery techniques, including word choice and oral expressiveness, display exceptional content, organization, and style, while leading the audience to a dynamic and supported conclusion.”
Imagine yourself in the role of a Nutrition Counselor and Josephine is your client. Josephine is a 20-year-old female who is present for purging disorder, an “Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder” (OSFED).She currently teaches salsa lessons at the community college and is in her last semester of college. She reports she is living at home and the food her mom prepares is not the healthiest because her mom is from Honduras and her father is from Guatemala, so the food is prepared differently. She indicates she has been thin all her life, although she has struggled to maintain her weight since going through puberty, and since she is a salsa instructor, she has to remain fit. She reports she feels very guilty if she has consumed fried foods during the day, but since that is the way her mom primarily cooks, she feels awful to tell her mom to stop cooking that way. She reports if she does consume too much fried foods or junk food, she will run at least 2-3 miles that day or else force herself to vomit, but all the food does not come out. She reports sometimes if she has a later class, she will not eat dinner or only eat 1 meal per day. She has tried counting calories, but then she gets so mad at herself for having more than 1200 calories it causes her to exercise more, which then leads her to feeling exhausted. She indicates she is on no medication, but does take a multivitamin when she remembers. She indicates she has gone from 110 pounds to 125 pounds over 5 years and wants to be back down to 110 or even less. She also had gone to the doctor and he was quite concerned with her lab values. She has provided you a 24 hour meal record:
1-6” corn tortilla
½ cup fried beans cooked with peppers, onions and oil
½ cup rice
1 cup no sugar added orange juice
1 slice of whole wheat bread
2 slices turkey
1 small apple
2- 6” tortillas
Beef with onions, peppers cooked in oil
Tomato, onion, pepper salad (made with oil and lime juice)
2 cups of rice
Height: 5’2” Weight: 117 pounds (based on your scale in the office)
Albumin (visceral protein stores)
Questions for Unit 6:
You are addressing a group of nutritional counseling interns in a training session. Josephine has given you written permission for this because as a student herself, she appreciates the value of education and training, as long as she can remain anonymous.
The students have completed the coursework for their degree in nutrition, so they have read about the Stages of Change model and about counseling and cognitive behavioral techniques. They also are familiar with what constitutes normal versus excessive exercise.
Your goal is not to teach those concepts to them, but rather to help them understand how to apply them in a practical situation. You will discuss the following concepts with them:
- The stage of change this client is in, and how you determined that.
- How her stage of change could affect her willingness to learn.
- How you would establish rapport with her, and why you would do it in that way.
- 3 counseling skills that would be appropriate for this client, and why.
- 2 cognitive behavioral techniques that could help in her situation, and why.
- How you would educate this client on normal versus excessive exercise.
Next you will demonstrate how you would use active listening with this client to help her get past her feeling of helplessness about how her mother cooks so she will be ready to brainstorm possible solutions to her dilemma with you.
This will be a PowerPoint presentation with voice-over. When you create a PowerPoint slide, be sure to follow the 6X6 rule described in your textbook. (No more than 6 lines; no more than 6 words per line). Use a word or very short phrase for each point. You will explain and discuss in the voice-over.
- Template for the slides below.
- Instructions for how to do a voice-over
You will use 12 slides, as follows: (Follow along on your template)
- Title slide, with the title of your presentation and your name, course name, and section.
- Introductory slide, where you give a brief overview of her case. This must include only 4-6 features of her case. Do not describe them on the slide; use only a word or short phrase for each. You will discuss them in the voice-over.
- Name the stage of change you believe Josephine is in, then bullet point at least 3 reasons you have categorized her in that way and discuss them in the voice-over.
- Bullet point at least 3 ways you would establish rapport with her, and discuss them on the voice-over as well as why you chose them for her.
- Name a counseling skill, then bullet point at least 2 reasons you chose it, then discuss the reasons on the voice-over.
- Name a second counseling skill and do the same.
- Name a third counseling skill and do the same.
- Name a cognitive behavioral technique you would use for her, then bullet point (and discuss on the voice-over) at least 2 reasons it could help.
- Name a second cognitive behavioral technique and do the same.
- Bullet point at least 2 concepts you would cover with Josephine to help her understand how normal exercise differs from excessive exercise, and explain how you might discuss them with her on the voice over.
- Active listening: This slide will be a demonstration to the interns of how 3-4 rounds of active listening might go with Josephine. You may play both Josephine and the counselor if you wish, or you may draft a friend or family member to play Josephine. Don’t forget to change Josephine’s name to protect her anonymity. And if you play both parts, be sure to identify who is speaking each time it changes. (Or you can have some fun and use a different voice for her.)
- Create a script to use, in which she starts out by saying,”I just don’t know what I can do. My mom is making me fat, and I have to eat what she cooks.”
- Then write what you as the counselor would say to reflect her feeling back to her and show that you understand. (Please be sure you have read the section on active listening in the textbook.)
- Follow that with what you imagine her response would be to what you said.
- Respond back to her, once again using active listening.
- Continue until she has resolved enough of her emotion to start brainstorming possible solutions with you.
TIP: Do not placate her or dismiss her emotion. No advice until she has resolved enough of her emotion to be ready to brainstorm with you.
- References: Your textbook will be one, but you will also need to use at least one other. The textbook is entered in proper APA style for you already, but you will need to add page numbers. Your second reference will also need to be in APA style.
- Your presentation must be 10-18 minutes in length.
- It should be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful. It should have an academic/professional tone, express a clear viewpoint and clear purpose, display exceptional content, organization, and style, and lead the audience to a dynamic and supported conclusion.
The audio qualities of the presentation should include minimizing background noise, using clear enunciation and excellent word choice and oral expressiveness, and speaking fluently (without “and then,’ “um,” etc.).
Please watch this short video for an overview of APA style.
APA Demystified in Five Minutes
- Kutambua ujuzi wa ushauri unaohitajika kwa ajili ya mabadiliko ya tabia. - Kutambua tabia, utambuzi, na mikakati ya matibabu ya kisaikolojia. Kwa mfano, kwa mfano, katika kesi ya NS420-1: Kuchukua ujuzi wa ushauri wa lishe ya kitaaluma kwa kikao cha mteja. <unk> Kazi ya mwanafunzi inakidhi kikamilifu vigezo vyote vifuatavyo: Mwanafunzi hutambua na kuhalalisha hatua ya mabadiliko, kulingana na tabia ya Josephine. Mwanafunzi anaelezea jinsi ya kuanzisha uhusiano na jinsi mbinu hiyo ni maalum kwa mahitaji ya Josephine. Mwanafunzi hutumia mbinu mbili za utambuzi wa tabia na kujadili jinsi zinavyofaa kwa hali ya Josephine. Mwanafunzi anafafanua ustadi tatu wa kushauri na kwa nini unafaa kwa Josephine. "Mwanafunzi anaonyesha kusikiliza kwa ufanisi kwa kuonyesha kwa usahihi hisia za Josephine nyuma yake, bila kutoa ushauri wa moja kwa moja mara moja, kumtuliza, au kuondoa hisia zake. "" - GEL 1.03: Onyesha mawasiliano ya kiwango cha chuo kikuu kupitia utoaji wa mdomo wa vifaa vya asili katika Kiingereza cha kawaida." Kiwango cha ustadi: <unk>Mwanafunzi mawasiliano ya mdomo anatumia Kiingereza Standard na ni pamoja na maendeleo sana na endelevu mtazamo na kusudi. Mawasiliano ni ya utaratibu sana, ya kimantiki na ya umoja. Mbinu za utoaji wa mdomo, ikiwa ni pamoja na chaguo la maneno na usemi wa mdomo, huonyesha yaliyomo ya kipekee, shirika, na mtindo, wakati unaongoza watazamaji kwenye hitimisho la nguvu na linaloungwa mkono. Josephine ni mwanamke mwenye umri wa miaka 20 ambaye anaugua ugonjwa wa kuondoa chakula (Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder) na anafundisha salsa katika chuo kikuu cha jamii. "Mwanamke huyo alisema kuwa chakula ambacho mama yake anaandaa si cha afya kwa sababu mama yake ni wa Honduras na baba yake ni wa Guatemala, na hivyo chakula hicho kinaandaliwa tofauti.""" "Mwanamke huyo alisema kuwa ""amekuwa mwembamba maisha yake yote, ingawa amekuwa akijitahidi kudumisha uzito wake tangu alipokuwa kijana, na kwa kuwa yeye ni mwalimu wa salsa, lazima abaki sawa.""" "Amesema kwamba anajisikia kuwa na hatia sana kama amekula vyakula vilivyokaangwa wakati wa mchana, lakini kwa kuwa hiyo ndiyo njia ya mama yake ya kupika, anajisikia vibaya kumwambia mama yake ""ache kupika kwa njia hiyo.""" "Amesema kwamba kama yeye hutumia chakula cha kuchemshwa au junk food kupita kiasi, yeye atakimbia angalau maili 2-3 siku hiyo au vinginevyo kujilazimisha kutapika, lakini chakula chote hakitoke.""" Wakati mwingine, kama ana darasa la baadaye, yeye hawezi kula chakula cha jioni au kula chakula kimoja tu kwa siku. "Amesema: ""Nilijaribu kuhesabu kalori, lakini kisha nikawa na hasira sana na mimi mwenyewe kwa kuwa na kalori zaidi ya 1200, na hilo lilimfanya afanye mazoezi zaidi, na hilo lilimfanya ahisi uchovu." Yeye huonyesha kwamba hatumii dawa yoyote, lakini huchukua vitamini nyingi anapokumbuka. Aliongeza kuwa alikuwa amepungua uzito kutoka pauni 110 hadi pauni 125 kwa miaka mitano na anataka kurudi kwenye pauni 110 au chini. Pia alikuwa amekwenda kwa daktari na alikuwa na wasiwasi sana kuhusu viwango vyake vya maabara. 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Josephine ametoa ruhusa ya maandishi kwa ajili ya hili kwa sababu kama mwanafunzi mwenyewe, yeye huthamini thamani ya elimu na mafunzo, kwa muda mrefu kama anaweza kubaki bila jina. Wanafunzi wa chuo kikuu cha Utamaduni wa Chakula wamejifunza juu ya hatua za mabadiliko na mbinu za ushauri na tabia. Pia wanajua ni nini kinachomaanisha kufanya mazoezi ya kawaida na kufanya mazoezi ya kupita kiasi. Lengo lako sio kuwafundisha mambo hayo, bali kuwasaidia kuelewa jinsi ya kuyatumia katika hali halisi. Utajadili dhana zifuatazo nao: - Hatua ya mabadiliko mteja huyu yuko, na jinsi ulivyoamua hiyo. - Jinsi hatua yake ya mabadiliko inaweza kuathiri utayari wake wa kujifunza. - Jinsi gani unaweza kuanzisha uhusiano na yeye, na kwa nini unaweza kufanya hivyo kwa njia hiyo. 3 - Uwezo wa ushauri wa kibinafsi unaofaa kwa mteja wako na kwa nini Mbinu mbili za utambuzi wa tabia ambazo zinaweza kusaidia katika hali yake na kwa nini. - Jinsi gani unaweza kuelimisha mteja huyu juu ya mazoezi ya kawaida dhidi ya kupita kiasi. "Kisha utaonyesha jinsi utakavyotumia kusikiliza kwa bidii na mteja huyu kumsaidia kupita hisia yake ya kutokuwa na msaada juu ya jinsi mama yake anapika, ili awe tayari ""kupiga mawazo"" suluhisho linalowezekana kwa shida yake na wewe." Hii itakuwa uwasilishaji wa PowerPoint na sauti-juu. Wakati wa kuunda slide ya PowerPoint, hakikisha unafuata sheria ya 6x6 iliyoelezwa katika kitabu chako cha masomo. (Hakuna zaidi ya 6 mistari; hakuna zaidi ya 6 maneno kwa kila mstari). Tumia neno au usemi mfupi sana kwa kila jambo. Utaeleza na kuzungumzia katika sauti-juu. - Mfano wa slaidi zilizo hapa chini. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Simu ya sauti"" inahusu slides 12 ambazo zinaonyesha jinsi ya kuandaa na kuandaa mada, na pia inaonyesha jinsi ya kuandaa na kuandaa mada, na pia inaonyesha jinsi ya kuandaa na kuandaa mada." - Slide ya utangulizi, ambapo unatoa muhtasari mfupi wa kesi yake. Hii inapaswa kujumuisha tu sifa 4-6 za kesi yake. Usiwaeleze kwenye slaidi; tumia neno moja tu au usemi mfupi kwa kila moja. Utazungumza juu yao katika sauti-juu. "Kama unavyoona, ""Josephine"" ni mtu wa aina gani, na kwa nini anaonekana kama mtu wa aina gani, na kwa nini anaonekana kama mtu wa aina gani, na kwa nini anaonekana kama mtu wa aina gani?" "Kumbuka ""Bula"" ni njia tatu za kuanzisha uhusiano na mwanamke, na kuzungumzia juu yao juu ya sauti-juu kama vile kwa nini wewe alichagua yao kwa ajili yake." "Kumbuka kuwa ""mfano wa ushauri"" ni ""mfano wa ushauri"" na ""mfano wa ushauri"" ni ""mfano wa ushauri"" na ""mfano wa ushauri"" ni ""mfano wa ushauri"" na ""mfano wa ushauri"" ni ""mfano wa ushauri"" na ""mfano wa ushauri"" ni ""mfano wa ushauri"" na ""mfano wa ushauri"" ni ""mfano wa ushauri.""" - Taja ustadi wa pili wa kushauri na ufanye vivyo hivyo. - Taja ustadi wa tatu wa kushauri na ufanye vivyo hivyo. - Jina mbinu ya utambuzi wa tabia ambayo ungeweza kutumia kwa ajili yake, kisha bullet point (na kujadili juu ya sauti-juu) angalau sababu 2 inaweza kusaidia. - Taja mbinu ya pili ya utambuzi wa tabia na ufanye vivyo hivyo. "Kumbuka kuwa ""Bila shaka"" ni maneno mawili ambayo unaweza kumsaidia Josephine kuelewa tofauti kati ya mazoezi ya kawaida na mazoezi ya kupita kiasi, na ueleze jinsi unavyoweza kuzungumzia mambo hayo pamoja naye." "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Slide hii itakuwa maonyesho kwa wanafunzi wa mafunzo ya jinsi raundi 3-4 za kusikiliza kwa bidii zinaweza kwenda na Josephine.""" Unaweza kucheza Josephine na mshauri ikiwa unataka, au unaweza kuandaa rafiki au mwanachama wa familia kucheza Josephine. Usisahau kubadilisha jina la Josephine ili kulinda utambulisho wake. Ikiwa unafanya sehemu zote mbili, hakikisha unajua ni nani anayesema kila wakati. (Au unaweza kuwa na baadhi ya furaha na kutumia sauti tofauti kwa ajili yake.) - Kuunda script kutumia, ambayo yeye huanza kwa kusema, "Mimi tu sijui nini naweza kufanya". Mama yangu ananifanya kuwa mnene, na ni lazima nilie kile anachokipika. <unk> - Kisha andika kile ambacho wewe kama mshauri ungesema ili kuonyesha hisia zake kwake na kuonyesha kwamba unaelewa. (Tafadhali hakikisha umesoma sehemu juu ya kusikiliza kwa bidii katika kitabu cha masomo.) - Kufuatia kwamba na nini wewe kufikiria majibu yake itakuwa kwa nini alisema. - Jibu kwa njia ya kumsikiliza kwa makini. - Endelea mpaka yeye amepunguza hisia zake vya kutosha kuanza brainstorming ufumbuzi iwezekanavyo na wewe. Kumbuka: Usimshindie au kumshinda hisia zake. Usisahau kuwa na ushauri wa kutosha kabla ya kuamua jinsi ya kufanya brainstorming. - Marejeo: Kitabu chako cha masomo kitakuwa kimoja, lakini utahitaji pia kutumia angalau kingine kimoja. Kitabu cha masomo ni kuingia katika sahihi APA style kwa ajili yenu tayari, lakini unahitaji kuongeza namba ya ukurasa. Mfano wako wa pili pia unahitaji kuwa katika mtindo wa APA. Uwasilishaji wako lazima uwe na urefu wa dakika 10 hadi 18. - Inapaswa kuwa na utaratibu mzuri, kuwa yenye mantiki, na kuwa na umoja, na pia kuwa ya awali na yenye ufahamu. Inapaswa kuwa na sauti ya kitaaluma, kuelezea mtazamo wazi na kusudi wazi, kuonyesha maudhui ya kipekee, shirika, na mtindo, na kuongoza watazamaji kwa hitimisho la nguvu na msaada. Utoaji wa sauti unapaswa kujumuisha kupunguza kelele za nyuma, kutumia utoaji wazi na chaguo bora la neno na usemi wa mdomo, na kuzungumza kwa ufasaha (bila <unk> na kisha, <unk> <unk>, <unk> nk.). Tafadhali angalia video hii fupi kwa muhtasari wa mtindo wa APA. Mfumo wa APP umefichuliwa katika dakika tano