Things we know about child development
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THINGS WE KNOW ABOUT CHILD DEVELOPMENT
Dr. Harvey Karp, pediatrician and author of ‘The Happiest Baby on the Block’, states the first 3 months after birth should be called the 4th trimester as human babies are born earlier than other species. Our brains are not fully developed at birth (except for our life support systems) and actually require experience to connect, develop and organize the brain. This ‘experience’ centers around movement and primitive reflexes which guide brain development.
The best movement for young babies begins with Tummy Time! Why is Tummy Time so important? Head control is central to movement control (which also helps brain development). So developing head control is a major step and Tummy Time is key to proper development. Tummy Time affects neck, abdominal and core muscles which are important in postural control and proper development.
Sleeping should always be on the back, but an alert, happy baby should have daily short spurts of Tummy Time for best overall development. A lack of Tummy Time has been shown to affect head shape, motor development and skeletal development.
0-3 Months: All About Learning to Live in the Outside World
During this period, babies learn to smile, raise their head when on their tummies (TT), track objects with their eyes, open and shut their hands, bring objects to their mouth, grip objects (can’t release objects until close to 3 months old) and swipe at toys within their sight (Pathways.org).
4-6 Months: Reaching Out and Touching the World
During this period, babies learn to roll over in both directions (front to back is usually first), laugh, babble, grab objects to manipulate and investigate, and to sit with support with good head control. Support babies on exercise balls with them on their tummies – closely monitor to keep babies safe. Babies of this age will use their hands to support themselves while sitting. While standing with your support, babies at this age should be able to support their entire weight with their legs. Babies should use both hands to explore toys and be able to transfer a toy from one hand to the other while lying on their backs.
“A child’s motor abilities have a significant impact on their success later on in school,” states R. Scott Ward, PT, PhD, President of the American Physical Therapy Association. Lack of Tummy Time has effects on head shape, motor development and skeletal development.
Bonding & Security
Provide a secure, loving, responsive relationship with your baby! Setup sleep, eating and bath routines so baby knows what to expect. Mimic womb conditions during first few weeks (low sound, low light, warm). Brain’s first priority is SECURITY & SURVIVAL, so create a calm, supportive, loving environment.
A newborn’s movements are driven by reflexes (suck reflex for nursing or Moro startle reflex, for instance). These automatic reflexes begin the process of learning as they are tied to our sensory processing. We gather information about the world through our senses (eyes, ears, nose, taste, touch plus balance (vestibular) and proprioception (receptors around muscles)). Everything a baby comes in contact with brings sensory information to be catalogued: movement, coordination, body awareness and balance, a multi-sensory world!
Mambo Tunayojua Kuhusu Maendeleo ya Watoto Jiandikishe Leo! Kwa wale wenye umri wa miezi miwili hadi kumi, Mazoezi ya bure ya tummytime ya dakika 30 ya muda wa mara moja $ 20 Usajili Jiandikishe sasa! "Hawa ni watoto wa kwanza kuzaliwa, ""Dr. Harvey Karp, mtaalamu wa watoto na mwandishi wa kitabu ""The Happiest Baby on the Block"" anasema miezi mitatu ya kwanza baada ya kuzaliwa inapaswa kuitwa ""Trimester ya nne"" kama watoto wa binadamu kuzaliwa mapema kuliko spishi nyingine." Ubongo wetu haujaendelea kabisa wakati wa kuzaliwa (isipokuwa kwa mifumo yetu ya kuunga mkono maisha) na kwa kweli unahitaji uzoefu wa kuunganisha, kuendeleza na kupanga ubongo. Hii "mazoezi" vituo kuzunguka harakati na primitive reflexes ambayo kuongoza maendeleo ya ubongo. Mwendo bora kwa ajili ya watoto wadogo huanza na Wakati wa Tummy! Kwa nini wakati wa tummy ni muhimu sana? Udhibiti wa kichwa ni muhimu kwa udhibiti wa mwendo (ambayo pia husaidia maendeleo ya ubongo). Kwa hiyo kuendeleza udhibiti wa kichwa ni hatua kubwa na Tummy Time ni ufunguo wa maendeleo sahihi. Wakati wa tummy huathiri shingo, tumbo na misuli ya msingi ambayo ni muhimu katika udhibiti wa msimamo na maendeleo sahihi. Kulala lazima daima kuwa juu ya nyuma, lakini mtoto makini, furaha lazima kuwa na kila siku spurs fupi ya tummy wakati kwa ajili ya maendeleo bora ya jumla. Ukosefu wa Wakati wa Tummy umeonyeshwa kuathiri umbo la kichwa, maendeleo ya motor na maendeleo ya mifupa. Katika kipindi hiki, watoto hujifunza kutabasamu, kuinua kichwa wakati wa tumbo lao, kufuatilia vitu kwa macho yao, kufungua na kufunga mikono yao, kuleta vitu kinywani, kukamata vitu (hawezi kuachilia vitu hadi karibu na miezi mitatu) na kupeperusha vitu ndani ya macho yao. Katika miezi ya 4 na 6, watoto hujifunza kugeuka kwa pande zote mbili (kwa kawaida mbele na nyuma), kucheka, kupiga kelele, kukamata vitu vya kuhariri na kuchunguza, na kukaa kwa msaada na kudhibiti kichwa vizuri. Kuunga mkono watoto wachanga juu ya mpira wa mazoezi na wao juu ya tummies yao <unk> makini kufuatilia kuweka watoto salama. Watoto wa umri huu watatumia mikono yao kujitegemeza wanapoketi. Wakati wa kusimama, watoto wa umri huu wanapaswa kuweza kuunga mkono uzito wao wote kwa miguu yao. Watoto wanapaswa kutumia mikono yote miwili kuchunguza vitu vya kuchezea na kuweza kuhamisha kitu cha kuchezea kutoka mkono mmoja hadi mwingine wakiwa wamelala mgongoni. "Uwezo wa mtoto wa kuendesha gari una athari kubwa kwa mafanikio yake baadaye shuleni", asema R. Scott Ward, PT, PhD, Rais wa Chama cha Tiba ya Kimwili cha Marekani. Ukosefu wa Tummy Time ina athari juu ya sura ya kichwa, maendeleo ya motor na maendeleo ya mifupa. Ushirikiano na Usalama Kutoa uhusiano wa usalama, wa upendo, na wa kujibu na mtoto wako! Fanya utaratibu wa kulala, kula, na kuoga ili mtoto ajue atakachotarajia. Kuiga hali ya tumbo la uzazi wakati wa wiki chache za kwanza (sauti ya chini, mwanga wa chini, joto). Kipaumbele cha kwanza cha ubongo ni Usalama na Kuokoka, kwa hiyo fanya mazingira ya utulivu, ya kuunga mkono, ya upendo. Harakati za mtoto mchanga huongozwa na mielekeo (mfano, mwelekeo wa kunyonya wakati wa kunyonyesha au mwelekeo wa kutisha wa Moro). Mageuzi hayo ya moja kwa moja huanza mchakato wa kujifunza kwa kuwa yanahusiana na utendaji wetu wa hisi. Sisi kukusanya habari kuhusu dunia kupitia hisia zetu (macho, masikio, pua, ladha, kugusa pamoja na usawa (vestibular) na proprioception (receptors karibu misuli). Kila kitu ambacho mtoto huwasiliana nacho huleta habari za hisi ambazo zinapaswa kuorodheshwa: mwendo, uratibu, ufahamu wa mwili na usawa, ulimwengu wa hisi nyingi!