Anatomy of a Samurai sword (Katana)
The Katana, also called the Samurai sword, is a Japanese sword used by the Samurai in feudal Japan. A Katana consists of 4 main parts, which all have very specific elements.
The blade, officially called Ken, is generally between 60 and 80 cm long and has a slight curve to it.
A Katana has one sharp edge, which faces downwards. The other edge is blunt.
Along the length of the blade is a ridge line called the Shinogi. The part above the Shinogi, the Shinogi-ji, is flat, thus blunt. The part below the Shinogi is angled. This angled part ends in the edge of the blade which is called the Ha or the Yaibi. Along the edge you can see a wavy pattern. This caused by the folding and hardening process used for these swords. This pattern is called the Hamon.
Between the main part of the blade and the tip is a line extending over the width of the blade, the Yokote. The point of the blade is called the Kissaki and this point is often sharp enough to pierce through armour.
At the base of the blade, right before the guard, is the Habaki or blade collar. The Habaki provides sturdiness and stability to the sword.
The blade has a narrow extension, which is called the tang or Nakago. The tang is used to fit the blade to the handle. A Katana made by a traditional Japanese swordsmith would have the maker's name and other important information engraved onto this part.
You can find a circular handguard on a Katana where the blade and handle meet. This handguard is called the Tsuba and is mostly used to protect the hands. It stops the wielder’s hand from sliding upward and onto the blade. In some cases, the Tsuba can also be used to influence the balance of the sword.
The Tsuba started out as a purely practical element of the Katana, but over time they became more and more decorated. Highly detailed Tsuba are considered pieces of art in and of themselves.
On both sides of the Tsuba are the Seppa. The Seppa are metal spacers used to tighten or loosen the sword handle and to keep the Tsuba in place.
The handle of a Katana is called the Tsuka. The Tsuka is made of wood and goes around the tang of the blade. There are two pins that go through the Tsuka and the tang to keep it secure. These pins are the Meguki.
Traditionally, the Tsuka is wrapped in ray skin, or Samekawa in Japanese. For modern and affordable Katana leather or faux leather is often used. The Samekawa provides friction for the wrap that goes around the handle. This wrap is called the Tsuka-ito and can be made of a variety of fibers, ranging from cotton to silk.
For decoration, there are small engravings on top of the Samekawa, but underneath the Tsuka-ito. These decorations are called Menuki.
At the end of the handle is a pommel, the Kashira, which protects the sword and can also be decorated.
A Katana always has a scabbard, which is called Saya in Japanese. The Saya is vital to protect the sword from sustaining damage when not being used. It also prevents unintentional injuries to people who come in contact with the Katana.
A Saya is traditionally made of wood and it’s either decorated with carvings or with fabric. Modern and affordable Katana can also have a Saya made of plastic.
Attached to the Saya is the Sageo, which is a rope used to tie the Katana to the belt of the person carrying it.
A Shirasaya katana is a specific type of katana in terms of the sword mount. Shirasaya katana have a plain wooden handle and sheath. This type of mount was used to make storage of the blade easier and to protect the blade while in storage. When carrying a katana was prohibited in the late 19th century, the Shirasaya mount was used as a way to disguise a katana and make it look like a staff or wooden training sword.
Because this mount was designed as a way to store the blades, it is less sturdy than that of a regular katana, which makes it dangerous to use a Shirasya katana in fights or for training purposes.
Click here for our collection samurai swords
Katana (katana) ni upanga wa samurai wa Japani. Katana ina sehemu nne kuu, ambazo zote zina vipengele maalum sana. Kamba ya Keni ni ya urefu wa kati ya sentimita 60 na 80 na ina mviringo mdogo. Katana ina ukingo mmoja mkali, ambao unakabiliwa chini. Upande mwingine ni mgumu. Upande wote wa upanga huo kuna mstari unaoitwa Shinogi. Sehemu iliyo juu ya Shinogi, Shinogi-ji, ni tambarare, kwa hiyo ni nyembamba. Sehemu iliyo chini ya Shinogi ina pembe. Sehemu hii yenye pembe inaishia kwenye ukingo wa upanga ambao huitwa Ha au Yaibi. Kwenye ukingo wa mstari huo unaweza kuona mfuatano wa mawimbi. Hilo lilitokana na utaratibu wa kupindika na kuimarisha uliotumiwa kwa ajili ya panga hizo. Mfano huo unaitwa Hamoni. Kati ya sehemu kuu ya upanga na ncha kuna mstari unaopita juu ya upana wa upanga, Yokote. Ncha ya upanga huitwa Kissaki na ncha hii mara nyingi huwa mkali vya kutosha kuvunja silaha. Chini ya upanga, mbele ya mlinzi, kuna Habaki au kola ya upanga. Habaki hutoa nguvu na uthabiti kwa upanga. Upanga huo una upana mwembamba, unaoitwa tang au Nakago. Tang hutumiwa kuunganisha upanga kwenye kiganja. Katana iliyotengenezwa na fundi wa upanga wa kitamaduni wa Japani ingekuwa na jina la mtengenezaji na habari nyingine muhimu zilizochongwa kwenye sehemu hii. Unaweza kupata mlinzi wa mkono wa mviringo kwenye Katana ambapo upanga na kiganja hukutana. Mlinzi huyo wa mkono huitwa Tsuba na hutumiwa hasa kulinda mikono. Inazuia mkono wa mpiganaji usivuke juu na kwenye upanga. Katika visa fulani, Tsuba yaweza pia kutumiwa kuathiri usawaziko wa upanga. Tsuba ilianza kama kipengele cha vitendo tu cha Katana, lakini baada ya muda ikawa yenye mapambo zaidi na zaidi. Tsuba zenye maelezo mengi huonwa kuwa kazi za sanaa zenyewe. Upande wa pili wa mto Tsuba kuna Seppa. Seppa ni vifaa vya chuma vinavyotumiwa kufagia au kufungua kiganja cha upanga na kuufunga Tsuba mahali pake. Mkono wa Katana huitwa Tsuka. Tsuka hutengenezwa kwa mbao na huzunguka ncha ya upanga. Kuna pini mbili ambazo hupita kupitia Tsuka na tang ili kuiweka salama. Hizi ni pini za Meguki. Kwa kawaida, Tsuka hufunikwa kwa ngozi ya mwerezi, au Samekawa katika Kijapani. Kwa ajili ya kisasa na nafuu Katana ngozi au ngozi bandia ni mara nyingi kutumika. Samekawa hutoa msuguano kwa ajili ya wrap kwamba huenda kuzunguka kushughulikia. Kifuniko hicho huitwa Tsuka-ito na kinaweza kutengenezwa kwa nyuzi mbalimbali, kuanzia pamba hadi hariri. Kwa ajili ya mapambo, kuna michoro midogo juu ya Samekawa, lakini chini ya Tsuka-ito. Mapambo hayo huitwa Menuki. Mwisho wa kiganja hicho una pembe, Kashira, ambayo hulinda upanga na pia inaweza kupambwa. Katana sikuzote huwa na kifuniko, ambacho huitwa Saya katika Kijapani. Saya ni muhimu kulinda upanga kutokana na uharibifu wa kudumu wakati hautumiki. Pia huzuia watu wasiojeruhiwa bila kukusudia ambao wanakutana na Katana. Saya ni jadi kufanywa ya mbao na ni ama mapambo na carvings au na kitambaa. Katana ya kisasa na ya bei nafuu pia inaweza kuwa na Saya iliyotengenezwa kwa plastiki. "Katana inaitwa ""Sageo"" na ni kamba inayotumiwa kumfunga katana kwenye mshipi wa mtu anayemchukua." A Shirasaya katana ni aina maalum ya katana katika suala la upanga mlima. Shirasaya katana ina kiganja cha mbao na kifuniko. Aina hii ya mlima ilitumiwa kufanya kuhifadhi ya kisu rahisi na kulinda kisu wakati katika kuhifadhi. Wakati wa karne ya 19, wakati wa kutolewa kwa katana, shati la Shirasaya lilitumiwa kama njia ya kuficha katana na kuifanya ionekane kama fimbo au upanga wa mafunzo ya mbao. Kwa sababu kifaa hiki kilitengenezwa kama njia ya kuhifadhi mbao, ni dhaifu kuliko katana ya kawaida, ambayo inafanya kuwa hatari kutumia katana ya Shirasya katika mapigano au kwa madhumuni ya mafunzo. Bonyeza hapa kwa ajili ya mkusanyiko wetu samurai upanga