What are process pumps?
Process pumps are a broad category of pumps used in many different industries to move fluids and semi-solids from point A to point B. Applications for these pumps include moving water, chemicals, mud, or other substances.
What does a process pump include?
While there are many types of process pumps, most have the same basic components. A typical system will include a prime mover, such as a gas-powered engine or an electrical motor. It may also include a gearbox, direct coupled or V-belt drive to help decrease the speed of the pump.
Two main types of process pumps
There are two main categories of process pumps. These are Positive Displacement and Kinetic or Centrifugal. Within each of these categories, there are a variety of different types of process pumps.
Positive Displacement Pumps
A positive displacement pump moves fluid through a pipe by first trapping a certain amount of the fluid and then forcing it through the pipe or outlet. This can be done using several mechanisms, including reciprocating pistons, gears, lobes, vanes, progressive cavity, or an air-operated double diaphragm.
Positive displacement pumps are considered constant or continuous flow machines since they move the fluid at a constant rate regardless of pressure. It is extremely important that these pumps do not operate against a closed valve, as this could damage the pipe. To prevent this from happening, there must be a relief or safety valve on the discharge side of the pump.
Kinetic or Centrifugal Pumps
Centrifugal pumps are used in situations that require high volume flows. Unlike positive displacement pumps that create a continuous flow (or head), centrifugal pumps have a varied flow that is controlled via elbows, bends, valves, etc. within the pipe. The type and size of piping can also influence the rate of the flow.
While there are a variety of centrifugal pumps, they all work by converting rotational kinetic energy into hydrodynamic energy. They do this by creating flow and pressure through a vaned impeller. While designs vary, all centrifugal pumps include a case, impeller, shaft, bearings, and seal.
Determining the correct process pump for your operation
Generally speaking, you would use a positive displacement pump when you wish to move more viscous liquids at lower flow rates, and you would use a centrifugal pump when you wish to move more watery liquids at higher flow rates. Although this is not a hard and fast rule, it is a good guideline to start with.
Other considerations in choosing the type and size of a process pump include the type of liquid being moved, its viscosity, temperature, and its specific gravity. You will also need to consider your flow and pressure requirements as well as the length, diameter, and type of piping.
Pampu za mchakato ni nini? Pampu za mchakato ni aina pana ya pampu zinazotumiwa katika viwanda vingi tofauti kusafirisha kioevu na nusu-imara kutoka hatua A hadi hatua B. Maombi ya pampu hizi ni pamoja na kusonga maji, kemikali, matope, au vitu vingine. Pampu ya mchakato inajumuisha nini? Ingawa kuna aina nyingi za pampu za mchakato, nyingi zina sehemu sawa za msingi. Mfumo wa kawaida utajumuisha injini ya msingi, kama vile injini inayoendeshwa na gesi au injini ya umeme. Inaweza pia ni pamoja na gearbox, moja kwa moja coupled au V-belt drive kusaidia kupunguza kasi ya pampu. Aina mbili kuu za pampu za mchakato Kuna makundi mawili kuu ya pampu za mchakato. Hizi ni Positive Displacement na Kinetic au Centrifugal. Ndani ya kila moja ya makundi haya, kuna aina mbalimbali za pampu za mchakato. Pampu ya Positive Displacement (PDP) ni bomba la kusafirisha maji kupitia bomba kwa kuingiza kiasi fulani cha maji na kisha kuisukuma kupitia bomba au mlango. Hii inaweza kufanyika kwa kutumia taratibu kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na pistoni reciprocating, gears, lobes, vanes, cavity maendeleo, au hewa-kuendeshwa diaphragm mara mbili. Pampu za kuhamisha chanya huchukuliwa kuwa mashine za mtiririko wa mara kwa mara au wa kuendelea kwani husafirisha kioevu kwa kiwango cha mara kwa mara bila kujali shinikizo. Ni muhimu sana kwamba pampu hizi hazifanyi kazi dhidi ya valve iliyofungwa, kwani hii inaweza kuharibu bomba. Ili kuzuia hili kutokea, lazima kuwe na valve ya misaada au usalama upande wa kutolewa kwa pampu. Kinetic au Centrifugal Pampu Centrifugal pampu ni kutumika katika hali ambayo zinahitaji high kiasi cha mtiririko. Tofauti na pampu za positive displacement ambazo huunda mtiririko wa kuendelea, pampu za centrifugal zina mtiririko tofauti ambao unadhibitiwa kupitia elbows, bends, valves, nk. ndani ya bomba. Aina na ukubwa wa mabomba pia waweza kuathiri kiwango cha mtiririko. Ingawa kuna aina mbalimbali za pampu za kutoroka-kati, zote hufanya kazi kwa kugeuza nishati ya kineti ya kuzunguka kuwa nishati ya hydrodynamic. Wao kufanya hivyo kwa kujenga mtiririko na shinikizo kupitia impeller vaned. Ingawa miundo hutofautiana, pampu zote za centrifugal hutia ndani kifuniko, kifuniko, mhimili, magurudumu, na muhuri. Kwa ujumla, unaweza kutumia pampu ya positive displacement wakati unataka kusonga zaidi viscous kioevu katika viwango vya chini mtiririko, na unaweza kutumia pampu centrifugal wakati unataka kusonga zaidi kioevu maji katika viwango vya juu mtiririko. Ingawa hii si sheria ngumu na ya haraka, ni miongozo nzuri ya kuanza nayo. Kwa sababu ya aina ya pampu ya mchakato, aina ya kioevu kinachohamishwa, viscosity, joto, na uzito wake maalum. Pia utahitaji kufikiria mahitaji yako ya mtiririko na shinikizo pamoja na urefu, kipenyo, na aina ya mabomba.