Abstract: This article includes an inventory of how Romanian doctrine (both current and older) receives the philosophical and legal problem of the state’s justification for the right (and obligation) to use punishment as a means of social control. This interesting topic for academic debate is taken one step further in that it provides a correlation between it and the problem of impunity (and hence the legislature’s option to renounce or to reduce the punishment for a crime). The author's interest was to see which of the major theories formulated upon this topic is presented as a proper environment for the development of the concept of impunity, or for that of reasons of reduced sentence, and which are not. Conclusions reached were that the retributive system (absolute theories regarding jus puniendi) do not represent such an environment, proof being the Latin quotes under which it became known: punitur quia peccatum est; poena est mallum passionis quod infligitur propter mallum actionis; poena est noxae vindicta, all expressions in the spirit of the motto: Fiat justitia, pereat mundus (Fiat justitia, ruat caelum). The utilitarian sistem (relative theories regarding jus puniendi) – punitur non quia peccatum est, sed ne peccetur – would have an intrinsic ability to be developed into a theory of impunity and reduced punishment, but history has shown that it was usually augmented in the direction known as ex parte principis, or, when its valuation was made towards the direction known as ex parte populi, it disproportionately chosen to achieve maximum happiness (protection) for the non-delinquent majority, at the expense of trying to ensure the most minimal intrusion into the sphere of fundamental rights of the offenders minority (intrusion manifested by punishment). Therefore, the eclectic theories (the mixed system regarding jus puniendi) – punitur quia peccatum est et ut ne peccetur – presents themselves as the doctrine in the highest position to allow the development of the concepts of legal causes of impunity or of that of reduced punishment.
Key words: state’s right to punish; impunity; reasons to reduce punishment; jus puniendi theories; retribution; utilitarianism; eclectism.
Makala hii inajumuisha orodha ya jinsi mafundisho ya Kiromania (ya sasa na ya zamani) inavyopokea tatizo la kifalsafa na kisheria la haki ya serikali kwa haki (na wajibu) ya kutumia adhabu kama njia ya udhibiti wa kijamii. "Sehemu hii ya kuvutia kwa mjadala wa kitaaluma inachukuliwa hatua moja zaidi kwa kuwa inatoa uhusiano kati yake na tatizo la kutokuwa na adhabu (na kwa hiyo chaguo la bunge la kukataa au kupunguza adhabu kwa uhalifu).""" "Mwandishi alikuwa na nia ya kuona ambayo ya nadharia kuu zilizotengenezwa juu ya mada hii ni kuwasilishwa kama mazingira sahihi kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya dhana ya ""haki ya kutokuwa na hatia"" au kwa sababu ya ""hukumu ya kupunguzwa,"" na ambayo si." "Kutokana na hali hiyo, kanuni ya ""justice impeccable"" (justice impeccable) ilibadilishwa na kuwa kanuni ya ""justice impeccable"" (justice impeccable) na ""justice impeccable"" (justice impeccable) na ""justice impeccable"" (justice impeccable) na ""justice impeccable"" (justice impeccable)." "Sistem ya utilitarian (nadharia za jamaa kuhusu jus punendum) - punitur non quia peccatum est, sed ne peccetur - ingekuwa na uwezo wa asili wa kuendelezwa katika nadharia ya kutokuwa na adhabu na adhabu iliyopunguzwa, lakini historia imeonyesha kuwa kwa kawaida iliongezwa katika mwelekeo unaojulikana kama ""ex parte"" au, wakati thamani yake ilitolewa kuelekea mwelekeo unaojulikana kama ""ex parte populi,"" ilichaguliwa kwa kiasi kikubwa kufikia furaha ya juu (kulinda) kwa wengi wasio wahalifu, kwa gharama ndogo ya kujaribu kuhakikisha uvamizi mkubwa katika uwanja wa haki za msingi wa wahalifu." "Kwa hiyo, nadharia za eclectic (mfumo mchanganyiko kuhusu jus puniendi) - punitur quia peccatum est et ut peccatur - hujiweka kama mafundisho katika nafasi ya juu zaidi ya kuruhusu maendeleo ya dhana za sababu za kisheria za kutokuwa na adhabu au ya adhabu iliyopunguzwa.""" Maneno muhimu: haki ya serikali ya kuadhibu; kutokuwa na adhabu; sababu za kupunguza adhabu; nadharia za jus puniendi; adhabu; utilitarianism; eclectism.