Everyone has a certain amount of gas in the gut. Some people, however, are sensitive to normal amounts. They experience pain, burp excessively or pass large amounts of wind as the gas passes through the gut.
Occasionally, greater than normal amounts of gas are produced. There are several situations in which this may occur, including air swallowing, dietary factors and, less commonly, bowel diseases.
Changes to the diet, various medicines and products which deodorise gas may be helpful.
What is trapped wind?
There is always a certain amount of gas in the bowel. Most of this comes from air swallowed whilst you eat or drink. It can also happen during smoking or when swallowing saliva. Larger amounts can be swallowed when you eat quickly, gulp down a drink or chew gum. The swallowed air goes down into the gullet (the oesophagus).
If you are sitting up, the air tends to go back up the oesophagus and escapes again through the mouth in the process of belching. If you are lying flat, the air tends to pass downwards causing gas in the stomach. This can result in bloating after eating and a hard, swollen tummy. The gas eventually enters the small bowel (small intestine) and escapes through the back passage (anus). People often refer to this as 'farting' or, more politely, 'passing wind'/'passing gas', or flatulence.
Gas can also be produced due to germs (bacteria) acting on partially digested food in the gut. This is more likely to happen with some foods than others. Broccoli, baked beans and Brussels sprouts are well-known culprits. The number of germs in the bowel also has an effect on the volume of gas produced. The gas that is made is mainly composed of carbon dioxide, hydrogen and methane. It may contain traces of a chemical called sulphur. This is responsible for the unpleasant smell experienced when you pass wind through the back passage.
Abdominal bloating is the term used when the tummy feels blown out, tight or full of gas. It results in a swollen stomach and the waistband of a skirt or a pair of trousers may feel uncomfortable. You may experience crampy tummy pains.
Trapped wind symptoms
Symptoms of trapped wind and bloating include:
- Passing a lot of wind.
- Crampy stomach pains.
- Bloated belly.
- Pain in upper abdomen
Gas sometimes settles in the curves of the large bowel (large intestine) under the liver or spleen. This can cause pain in the upper right or upper left areas of your tummy.
Most people who are bothered by these types of symptoms do not actually produce more gas than usual, they are just more sensitive to normal amounts. However, it is now considered that some patients with irritable bowel syndrome do produce larger than normal volumes of gas. Irritable bowel syndrome is a condition in which bouts of tummy pain are associated with bloating and changes in bowel habit such as constipation and diarrhoea. See the separate leaflet called Irritable Bowel Syndrome.
Just to complicate matters further, the amount of bloating does not relate to the seriousness of the cause. People with irritable bowel syndrome may complain of severe bloating, whilst in those with coeliac disease the bloating may be mild, moderate or severe.
What causes trapped wind?
Everybody has trapped wind symptoms from time to time. In most cases, this is part of the natural working of the body and the symptoms soon pass. Some people complain they are feeling bloated all the time. As mentioned above, people are occasionally sensitive to normal amounts of gas in the tummy. The reasons for this are not entirely clear.
There are some conditions associated with larger than normal amounts of gas in the tummy:
Swallowing too much air
This is called aerophagia. You may not be aware of it but you may be swallowing air frequently or in large amounts. This often happens in people who are under stress. It can be aggravated by chewing gum and smoking. Usually, air swallowed in this way passes into the gullet (oesophagus) and down into the stomach.
However, sometimes air is sucked into the back of the throat (the pharynx) and is burped out before it reaches the oesophagus. This is known as supragastric belching.
Some people swallow air deliberately to cause belching, as they find this helps to relieve symptoms of indigestion.
Foods which are well known to cause excessive wind in the gut include:
- Brussels sprouts.
- Starchy foods such as potatoes, corn and noodles.
- Foods high in soluble fibre (eg, fruit, peas and beans).
Lactose intolerance happens when your body has difficulty digesting lactose. Lactose is present in milk and foods which are made with milk. Lactose intolerance causes diarrhoea, stomach ache and bloating. See the separate leaflet called Lactose Intolerance.
Intolerance to food sugars
Intolerance to sugars in certain foods can occur. Fructose intolerance is the most common. Foods high in fructose include dried fruit, honey, sucrose, onions and artichokes. Sorbitol is another sugar to which you can be intolerant. It is found in chewing gum and 'sugar-free' sweets.
Check the leaflet of any medicines you are taking, as wind, gas or bloating can be side-effects. Metformin (a medicine for diabetes) and lactulose (a laxative) are well known to cause these symptoms. Antacids such as magnesium trisilicate help to combat indigestion but they can increase the amount of carbon dioxide produced in the stomach, and aggravate belching.
Diseases causing increased gas
Most people with gas-related symptoms have increased sensitivity to gas or have one of the causes of increased gas production mentioned above. However, occasionally these symptoms can be caused by diseases of the bowel. Sometimes, the illness can be short-lived. For example, acute gastroenteritis (also known as a 'tummy bug'), often caused by infection with a virus, can result in a short-term condition associated with increased gas.
Occasionally, gas-related symptoms can be features of long-term diseases. All of them can cause at least one gas-related symptom (ie tummy pain, excess wind or bloating).
Coeliac disease is caused by intolerance to a protein called gluten which is found in certain foods containing wheat, barley and rye. It principally affects the part of the gut called the small intestine. It can occur at any age. Symptoms are relieved by avoiding gluten-containing foods. See the separate leaflet called Coeliac Disease.
Inflammatory bowel diseases
The most common inflammatory bowel diseases are ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Ulcerative colitis is a disease in which inflammation develops in the colon and the rectum (the large intestine). Crohn's disease is a condition that causes inflammation of the wall of the gut (gastrointestinal tract). Any part of the gut can be affected. The main symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases are tummy pains and diarrhoea, but bloating and other gas-related symptoms can develop.
Diverticulitis occurs when small pouches in the wall of the large bowel ('diverticula') become infected. See the separate leaflet called Diverticula (Diverticulosis, Diverticular Disease, Diverticulitis).
Short bowel syndrome
Short bowel syndrome can be a complication of bowel surgery. If more than half the small bowel is removed during surgery this can cause difficulties in food absorption.
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is a poorly understood condition which is caused by an overgrowth of germs in the small intestine. It can be an aftermath of bowel surgery, and also occurs more frequently in people with diabetes, inflammatory diseases of the bowel and diverticulosis.
It may be associated with irritable bowel syndrome and can cause the same sort of symptoms, particularly bloating. Indeed, it is thought that some cases of irritable bowel syndrome may be caused by small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth is sometimes treated with antibiotics such as metronidazole.
Scleroderma is a condition which causes thickening of the skin and sometimes the internal organs. When the gut is affected it can cause problems in stomach emptying and irregularity of bowel movement. This can lead to bloating, constipation and diarrhoea. See the separate leaflet called Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis).
Ovarian cancer is mentioned here because, although cancer of the ovary is not a disease of the bowel, it can cause symptoms which can be confused with bowel disease. These can include feeling full quickly or loss of appetite, tummy pains and bloating. See the separate leaflet called Ovarian Cancer.
This is caused by infection with a germ called giardia. One of the symptoms is belching up foul-smelling gas.
Do I need any tests for trapped wind or bloating?
Most people with these symptoms do not need any tests. However, you may need tests if you have more worrying symptoms. These can include:
- Persistent diarrhoea.
- Blood in the stools (faeces).
- Weight loss.
- Lack of appetite.
- High temperature (fever).
- Being sick (vomiting).
- Features of anaemia.
- Difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia).
The tests may include:
- A stool sample to check for blood, high levels of fat (which could suggest problems with food absorption) and infection.
- A lactose tolerance test.
- X-rays of your gut.
- Examination of your stomach or lower bowel, using a camera (endoscopy).
- A blood test for coeliac disease.
How to relieve trapped wind and bloating
People often ask how to stop bloating and how to get rid of a bloated stomach. There are several options available that will help with excessive flatulence and constant bloating.
Changes to your diet
It is known that there are some foods that make you bloated. Cutting down on these triggers will promote bloating relief. Keep a record of the foods and drinks you have and drink to see if there are any foods or beverages which could be associated with your symptoms. These can include milk and milk products, certain fruits and vegetables, whole grains, artificial sweeteners and fizzy drinks. Pulses, bran and fruit contain fermentable carbohydrates, sugars which are easily broken down by the digestive system. Not only do fermentable carbohydrates cause excess gas, but they also work with germs to cause tooth decay. Reducing your intake of the fermentable carbohydrates found in sugary foods can result in several health benefits.
If you are lactose-intolerant you will need to avoid lactose-containing foods. Talk to your doctor to find out how best to do this without developing complications such as calcium and mineral deficiency.
If you are fructose-intolerant you should avoid fructose-containing foods. Fructose is used as a sweetener in many processed foods; look for 'high in fructose corn syrup' on the label.
Live micro-organisms (probiotics) may be helpful, although the evidence is not conclusive. Probiotics are 'gut-friendly' germs (bacteria) such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. The specific strain of bacteria may be important but, on current evidence, it is difficult to advise which strain(s) to use.
Diets which combat constipation may be helpful. For example, soluble fibre such as linseed (up to one tablespoon daily) and oats are recommended.
Exercise has been shown to improve gas-related symptoms. This is partly due to the upright position, as lying flat tends to stop gas from moving round the body.
One word of warning: excessive flatulence and belching are common in female runners. The cause for this is unknown.
The treatment for trapped wind, gas and bloating is essentially changes to your diet and exercise, and treatment for any underlying cause. There is otherwise no good evidence for any particular medicine but the following may be tried:
- Simeticone for bloating. It is usually sold in combination with an antacid. Simeticone is also used for colic in babies and infants. Simeticone has not been found to be helpful in bloating related to irritable bowel syndrome.
- Medicines which encourage the movement of the gut (prokinetic medicines) can assist with bloating relief. They can be quite helpful as bloated stomach remedies if you have excessive belching and bloating. Most of these are prescription-only preparations but peppermint can be bought in various forms.
- Medicines which relieve spasm may also be helpful for bloating and distension. Medicines in this group, available without prescription, include mebeverine and alverine.
Carbon fibre underwear appears to be effective but is expensive. Charcoal pads and cushions are cheaper but may not be as effective.
These may be useful for people who have a low tolerance to a normal amount of gas in the stomach. Therapies which may help include mindfulness and cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Psychological therapies may also be helpful for people who have excessive belching, particularly where aerophagy is the cause. Aerophagy can also sometimes be helped by a speech therapist.
Further reading and references
Bendezu RA, Barba E, Burri E, et al; Intestinal gas content and distribution in health and in patients with functional gut symptoms. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015 Sep27(9):1249-57. doi: 10.1111/nmo.12618. Epub 2015 Jun 21.
Lacy BE, Gabbard SL, Crowell MD; Pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of bloating: hope, hype, or hot air? Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2011 Nov7(11):729-39.
Bendezu RA, Mego M, Monclus E, et al; Colonic content: effect of diet, meals, and defecation. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Feb29(2). doi: 10.1111/nmo.12930. Epub 2016 Aug 21.
Shah ED, Almario CV, Spiegel BMR, et al; Lower and Upper Gastrointestinal Symptoms Differ Between Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome With Constipation or Chronic Idiopathic Constipation. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018 Apr 3024(2):299-306. doi: 10.5056/jnm17112.
Youn YH, Park JS, Jahng JH, et al; Relationships among the lactulose breath test, intestinal gas volume, and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Jul56(7):2059-66. doi: 10.1007/s10620-011-1569-2. Epub 2011 Jan 15.
Kila mtu ana kiasi fulani cha gesi ndani ya matumbo. Hata hivyo, watu fulani huathiriwa sana na kiasi cha kawaida cha dawa hiyo. Wao hupata maumivu, burp kupita kiasi au kupita kiasi kikubwa cha upepo kama gesi hupita kupitia matumbo. Nyakati nyingine, kiasi kikubwa zaidi cha gesi hutokezwa. Kuna hali kadhaa ambazo hii inaweza kutokea, ikiwa ni pamoja na kumeza hewa, mambo ya lishe na, mara chache, magonjwa ya matumbo. Mabadiliko katika mlo, dawa mbalimbali na bidhaa ambazo deodorize gesi inaweza kuwa na msaada. Upepo uliofungwa ni nini? Sikuzote kuna kiasi fulani cha gesi katika matumbo. Sehemu kubwa ya hii hutokana na hewa unayomeza unapokula au kunywa. Pia yaweza kutokea wakati wa kuvuta sigareti au wakati wa kumeza umajimaji. Kiasi kikubwa chaweza kumezwa unapokula haraka, unakunywa kinywaji au kutafuna chingamu. Hewa inayomezwa hupita kwenye utumbo wa kulia chakula (mkojo). Unapoketi, hewa huelekea kurudi kwenye utumbo wa kulia na kutoroka tena kupitia mdomo wakati wa kuvuja. Unapolala, hewa hupita chini na kusababisha gesi tumboni. Hilo laweza kusababisha kuvimba baada ya kula na tumbo gumu, lililovimba. Hatimaye gesi hiyo huingia kwenye matumbo madogo (matumbo madogo) na kutoroka kupitia njia ya nyuma (anus). Mara nyingi watu hurejezea jambo hilo kuwa 'kuzunguka' au, kwa njia ya adabu zaidi, 'kupita upepo' au 'kupita gesi', au kuvimba. Gesi yaweza pia kutokezwa kwa sababu ya vijidudu (bacteria) vinavyofanya kazi kwenye chakula kilichogandishwa kwa sehemu katika matumbo. Hilo laweza kutokea kwa vyakula fulani kuliko vingine. Brokoli, maharagwe yaliyooka na sprouts za Brussels ni wahalifu wanaojulikana sana. Idadi ya vijidudu katika matumbo pia huathiri kiasi cha gesi inayotokezwa. Gesi inayotengenezwa hasa hufanyizwa na kaboni dioksidi, hidrojeni na metani. Huenda ikawa na kemikali iitwayo sulfuri. Hii ndiyo husababisha harufu mbaya unayopata unapopitisha upepo kupitia njia ya nyuma. Uvimbe wa tumbo ni neno linalotumiwa wakati tumbo linahisi kuwa limechomwa, limefungwa au limejaa gesi. Inafanya tumbo livimbe na mstari wa kiuno wa suruali au suruali yaweza kuhisi usiofaa. Unaweza kuwa na maumivu makali ya tumbo. Dalili za upepo uliofungwa Dalili za upepo uliofungwa na kuvimba ni pamoja na: - Kupitisha upepo mwingi. - Maumivu ya tumbo. - Tumbo lililofurika. - maumivu katika tumbo la juu Gesi wakati mwingine hujipanga katika curves ya matumbo makubwa (matumbo makubwa) chini ya ini au matumbo. Hii inaweza kusababisha maumivu katika sehemu ya juu ya kulia au sehemu ya juu ya kushoto ya tumbo lako. Watu wengi ambao wana wasiwasi na dalili hizi kwa kweli hawazalishi gesi zaidi ya kawaida, wao ni tu nyeti zaidi kwa kiasi cha kawaida. Hata hivyo, sasa inadhaniwa kwamba baadhi ya wagonjwa wenye ugonjwa wa matumbo yenye kukasirika hutokeza kiasi kikubwa cha gesi kuliko kawaida. Ugonjwa wa utumbo wenye kukasirika ni hali ambayo maumivu ya tumbo yanahusishwa na uvimbe na mabadiliko katika tabia ya matumbo kama vile kichefuchefu na kuhara. Tazama karatasi tofauti inayoitwa Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Jambo jingine linaloweza kufanya mambo yawe magumu zaidi ni kwamba kiasi cha uvimbe haihusiani na uzito wa tatizo hilo. Watu walio na ugonjwa wa utumbo wenye kukasirika wanaweza kulalamika juu ya uvimbe mkali, wakati kwa wale walio na ugonjwa wa celiac uvimbe unaweza kuwa mwepesi, wa wastani au mkali. Ni nini husababisha upepo uliofungwa? Kila mtu huwa na dalili za upepo uliokamatwa mara kwa mara. Katika visa vingi, hii ni sehemu ya utendaji wa asili wa mwili na dalili hizo hupita upesi. Watu fulani hulalamika kwamba wanahisi umajimaji wakati wote. Kama ilivyotajwa hapo juu, nyakati nyingine watu huwa na hisia kali kwa kiasi cha kawaida cha gesi tumboni. Sababu za jambo hilo hazijulikani waziwazi. Kuna hali ya kawaida ya kutokwa na gesi katika tumbo, ambayo huitwa aerophagia. Huenda usijue, lakini huenda ukaanza kumeza hewa mara nyingi au kwa kiasi kikubwa. Hilo hutukia mara nyingi kwa watu walio chini ya mkazo. Inaweza kuzidishwa na kutafuna chingamu na kuvuta sigareti. Kwa kawaida, hewa inayomezwa kwa njia hiyo hupita kwenye utumbo (oesophagus) na kushuka kwenye tumbo. Hata hivyo, nyakati nyingine hewa huingizwa nyuma ya koo (faryngsi) na kutolewa kabla ya kufika kwenye utumbo wa kulia. Jambo hilo huitwa kuvuja kwa juu ya tumbo. Watu fulani hunyunyiza hewa kimakusudi ili kusababisha kuvuja, kwa kuwa wanahisi kwamba hilo husaidia kupunguza dalili za ugonjwa wa kumeng'enya chakula. Vyakula vinavyojulikana sana kusababisha upepo mwingi katika matumbo ni pamoja na: - Brussels sprouts. - Vyakula vyenye wanga kama vile viazi, mahindi na tambi. - Vyakula vyenye kiasi kikubwa cha nyuzi zinazoonekana (kwa mfano, matunda, maharagwe na maharagwe). Lactose intolerance ni ugonjwa unaosababishwa na tatizo la mwili kuweza kumeng'enya lactose. Lactose inapatikana katika maziwa na vyakula vinavyotengenezwa kwa maziwa. Kutovumilia laktosi husababisha kuhara, maumivu ya tumbo na kuvimba. Tazama karatasi tofauti inayoitwa Lactose Intolerance. Usiwezi kuvumilia sukari ya chakula Usiwezi kuvumilia sukari katika vyakula fulani unaweza kutokea. Ugonjwa wa kutoweza kuvumilia fructose ndio unaopatikana mara nyingi zaidi. Vyakula vyenye kiasi kikubwa cha fructose ni pamoja na matunda yaliyokaushwa, asali, sukari, vitunguu na artichokes. Sorbitol ni sukari nyingine ambayo unaweza kutoweza kuvumilia. Inapatikana katika chingamu na peremende 'zisizo na sukari.' Angalia maelezo ya dawa yoyote unayotumia, kama upepo, gesi au bloating inaweza kuwa athari za upande. Metformin (dawa ya kutibu kisukari) na lactulose (dawa ya kuondoa tumbo) zinajulikana sana kusababisha dalili hizi. Antacids kama vile magnesium trisilicate husaidia kupambana na matatizo ya kumeng'enya chakula lakini zinaweza kuongeza kiasi cha kaboni dioksidi inayotokezwa katika tumbo, na kuharibu belching. Ugonjwa unaosababisha kuongezeka kwa gesi: Watu wengi wenye dalili zinazohusiana na gesi wana mwelekeo wa kuongezeka kwa gesi au wana moja ya sababu za kuongezeka kwa uzalishaji wa gesi zilizotajwa hapo juu. Hata hivyo, nyakati nyingine dalili hizo zaweza kusababishwa na magonjwa ya matumbo. Nyakati nyingine, ugonjwa huo waweza kuwa wa muda mfupi. Kwa mfano, gastroenteritis kali (pia inajulikana kama 'bug tummy'), mara nyingi husababishwa na maambukizi ya virusi, inaweza kusababisha hali ya muda mfupi inayohusiana na kuongezeka kwa gesi. Nyakati nyingine, dalili zinazohusiana na gesi zaweza kuwa sifa za magonjwa ya muda mrefu. Vyote vinaweza kusababisha angalau dalili moja inayohusiana na gesi (yaani maumivu ya tumbo, upepo mwingi au kuvimba). Ugonjwa wa celiac unatokana na kutovumilia protini inayoitwa gluten ambayo hupatikana katika vyakula fulani vyenye ngano, shayiri na rye. Hasa huathiri sehemu ya matumbo iitwayo matumbo madogo. Inaweza kutokea katika umri wowote. Dalili hizo hupunguzwa kwa kuepuka vyakula vyenye gluten. Tazama karatasi iliyo tofauti inayoitwa Celiac Disease. Magonjwa ya uvimbe wa matumbo Magonjwa ya uvimbe wa matumbo ya kawaida ni ulcerative colitis na ugonjwa wa Crohn. Ulcerative colitis ni ugonjwa ambao uvimbe huendelea katika utumbo mzito na utumbo wa nyuma (matumbo makubwa). Ugonjwa wa Crohn ni hali ambayo husababisha uvimbe wa ukuta wa matumbo (mwendo wa tumbo). Sehemu yoyote ya matumbo yaweza kuathiriwa. Dalili kuu za magonjwa ya uvimbe wa matumbo ni maumivu ya tumbo na kuhara, lakini uvimbe na dalili nyingine zinazohusiana na gesi zinaweza kutokea. Diverticulitis hutokea wakati mifuko midogo katika ukuta wa matumbo makubwa ('diverticula') kuambukizwa. Tazama karatasi tofauti inayoitwa Diverticula (Diverticulosis, Diverticular Disease, Diverticulitis). Ugonjwa wa matumbo mafupi Ugonjwa wa matumbo mafupi unaweza kuwa tatizo linalosababishwa na upasuaji wa matumbo. Ikiwa zaidi ya nusu ya matumbo madogo huondolewa wakati wa upasuaji hii inaweza kusababisha matatizo katika kunyonya chakula. Ugonjwa wa bakteria ya matumbo madogo ni hali ambayo haijulikani vizuri na husababishwa na kuongezeka kwa bakteria katika matumbo madogo. Inaweza kuwa matokeo ya upasuaji wa matumbo, na pia hutokea mara nyingi zaidi kwa watu wenye kisukari, magonjwa ya uchochezi wa matumbo na diverticulosis. Inaweza kuhusishwa na ugonjwa wa matumbo yenye kukasirika na inaweza kusababisha dalili kama hizo, hasa uvimbe. Kwa kweli, inadhaniwa kwamba visa fulani vya ugonjwa wa matumbo yenye kukasirika vyaweza kusababishwa na ukuzi wa kupita kiasi wa bakteria katika matumbo madogo. Nyakati nyingine uvimbe wa bakteria katika matumbo madogo hutibiwa kwa kutumia dawa za kuua viini kama vile metronidazole. Scleroderma ni hali ambayo husababisha ngozi kuwa nene na wakati mwingine viungo vya ndani. Wakati matumbo yanaathiriwa inaweza kusababisha matatizo katika tumbo emptying na irregularity ya harakati ya matumbo. Hilo laweza kusababisha uvimbe, kukata tamaa, na kuhara. Tazama karatasi iliyo tofauti inayoitwa Scleroderma (Systemic Sclerosis). Ugonjwa wa ovari ni ugonjwa wa tumbo la uzazi, ingawa ugonjwa huo hauwezi kuunganishwa na ugonjwa wa tumbo. Hizi zaweza kutia ndani kuhisi umejaa haraka au kupoteza hamu ya kula, maumivu ya tumbo na kuvimba. Tazama karatasi tofauti inayoitwa Saratani ya ovari. Hii husababishwa na maambukizi ya bakteria iitwayo giardia. Mojawapo ya dalili zake ni kutokwa na gesi yenye harufu mbaya. Je, ninahitaji kufanya uchunguzi wowote ili kujua kama kuna upepo au uvimbe? Watu wengi wenye dalili hizi hawahitaji majaribio yoyote. Hata hivyo, huenda ukahitaji kufanyiwa uchunguzi ikiwa una dalili zenye kusumbua zaidi. Hizi zaweza kutia ndani: - Kuanza kuhara mara nyingi. - Damu katika matope (matope). - Kupoteza uzito. - Ukosefu wa hamu ya kula. - Joto la juu (homa). - Kuwa mgonjwa (kutokwa na pumzi). - Sifa za upungufu wa damu. - Ugumu wa kumeza (dysphagia). Uchunguzi huo unaweza kujumuisha: - Sampuli ya mkojo ili kuchunguza damu, viwango vya juu vya mafuta (ambayo inaweza kupendekeza matatizo na kunyonya chakula) na maambukizo. - Mtihani wa kuvumilia laktosi. - X-ray ya matumbo yako. - Uchunguzi wa tumbo au matumbo ya chini, kwa kutumia kamera (endoscopy). - Uchunguzi wa damu kwa ajili ya ugonjwa wa celiac. Jinsi ya kuondoa pumzi ya tumbo na kuvimba - Watu wengi huuliza jinsi ya kuacha kuvimba na jinsi ya kuondoa tumbo lililovimba. Kuna njia kadhaa za kusaidia kupunguza uvimbe wa moyo na kuvimba mara kwa mara. Mabadiliko ya chakula: Inajulikana kuwa kuna vyakula ambavyo vinaweza kukusababisha kupanuka. Kupunguza visababishi hivyo kutachangia kupunguza uvimbe. Weka rekodi ya vyakula na vinywaji unavyokula na kunywa ili kuona ikiwa kuna vyakula au vinywaji vinavyoweza kuhusishwa na dalili zako. Hizi zinaweza kutia ndani maziwa na bidhaa za maziwa, matunda na mboga fulani, nafaka nzima, vitamu vya bandia na vinywaji vyenye kaboni. Mimea ya mboga, bran na matunda yana wanga unaoweza kuchemshwa, sukari ambazo huvunjwa kwa urahisi na mfumo wa kumeng'enya chakula. Si kwamba tu wanga unaoweza kuchemshwa husababisha gesi nyingi kupita kiasi, bali pia hufanya kazi pamoja na vijidudu ili kusababisha kuoza kwa meno. Kupunguza ulaji wako wa wanga unaoweza kuchemshwa unaopatikana katika vyakula vyenye sukari kunaweza kusababisha faida kadhaa za afya. Ikiwa huna uwezo wa kuvumilia lactose utahitaji kuepuka vyakula vyenye lactose. Jifunze na daktari wako jinsi ya kufanya hivyo bila kusababisha matatizo kama vile upungufu wa kalsiamu na madini. Ikiwa huna uwezo wa kuvumilia fructose unapaswa kuepuka vyakula vyenye fructose. Fructose hutumiwa kama kitamu katika vyakula vingi vilivyotengenezwa; tafuta'siropu ya mahindi yenye kiasi kikubwa cha fructose' kwenye lebo. Viumbe wadogo walio hai (probiotics) wanaweza kusaidia, ingawa uthibitisho huo haujathibitishwa. Probiotics ni'matumbo- kirafiki' vijidudu (bacteria) kama vile lactobacilli na bifidobacteria. Aina maalum ya bakteria inaweza kuwa muhimu lakini, juu ya ushahidi wa sasa, ni vigumu kushauri ambayo strain (s) kutumia. Vyakula vinavyopambana na upungufu wa damu vyaweza kusaidia. Kwa mfano, nyuzi zinazoweza kuyeyuka kama vile mbegu za kitani (kwa kijiko kimoja kila siku) na shayiri hupendekezwa. Mazoezi ya mwili yameonyeshwa kuboresha dalili zinazohusiana na gesi. Hii ni kwa sababu ya nafasi ya kusimama, kama amelala gorofa huwa na kuacha gesi kutoka kusonga kuzunguka mwili. Neno moja la onyo: kuvuta hewa kupita kiasi na kupiga mayowe ni jambo la kawaida kwa wakimbiaji wanawake. Sababu ya jambo hilo haijulikani. Matibabu ya hewa iliyokamatwa, gesi na uvimbe ni mabadiliko ya lishe na mazoezi, na matibabu ya sababu yoyote ya msingi. Hakuna ushahidi mzuri kwa dawa yoyote maalum lakini yafuatayo inaweza kujaribiwa: - Simeticone kwa bloating. Kwa kawaida huuzwa pamoja na dawa ya kuzuia asidi. Simeticone pia hutumiwa kwa colic katika watoto wachanga na watoto wachanga. Simeticone haijapatikana kuwa na manufaa katika bloating kuhusiana na ugonjwa wa matumbo irritable. - Dawa zinazochochea harakati za matumbo (dawa za prokinetic) zinaweza kusaidia kupunguza uvimbe. Inaweza kuwa na faida kubwa kwa ajili ya tumbo la mkojo ikiwa una upungufu wa damu. Nyingi za hizo ni dawa zinazopatikana tu kwa daktari, lakini mint yaweza kununuliwa katika aina mbalimbali. - Dawa ambazo hupunguza spasm zinaweza pia kusaidia kwa bloating na distension. Dawa katika kikundi hiki, zinazopatikana bila dawa, zinatia ndani mebeverine na alverine. Mavazi ya ndani ya nyuzi za kaboni yanaonekana kuwa yenye matokeo lakini ni ghali. Vipuli vya makaa ya mawe na mto ni vya bei nafuu lakini huenda visikuwa na matokeo kama hayo. Hizi zinaweza kuwa muhimu kwa watu ambao wana uvumilivu mdogo kwa kiasi cha kawaida cha gesi katika tumbo. Matibabu ambayo yanaweza kusaidia ni pamoja na ufahamu na tiba ya tabia ya utambuzi (CBT). Matibabu ya kisaikolojia yaweza pia kuwa yenye kusaidia kwa watu walio na kuvuja kupita kiasi, hasa ambapo aerophagy ndiyo kisababishi. Nyakati nyingine mtaalamu wa hotuba ya lugha aweza pia kusaidia aerophagy. "Bendezzo, R.A., Barba, E., Burri, et al., ""Usimamizi wa gesi ya matumbo na usambazaji katika afya na wagonjwa wenye dalili za matumbo ya kazi.""" Neurogastroenterol Motil. (Soma pia: 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:9-11, 1 Petro 3:1, 1 Petro 3:1, 1 Petro 3:1, 1 Petro 3:1, 2 Petro 3:1, 2 Petro 3:1, 2 Petro 3:1, 2 Petro 3:1, 2 Petro 3: 1 Epub 2015 Jun 21 Lacy BE, Gabbard SL, Crowell MD; Pathophysiology, tathmini, na matibabu ya bloating: matumaini, hype, au hewa moto? Gastroenterol (GY) (Nov. 7, 2011) (p. 729) Bendezu RA, Mego M, Monclus E, et al; Maudhui ya Colonic: athari ya lishe, chakula, na kuondoa. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Feb 29 (2) (Dai) 10.1111 (n) 12.11 (n) 10.1111 (n) Epub 2016 Aug. 21 Almario Shah, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD, MD. Neurogastroenterol Motil. Aprili 30, 2018 (UTC) [Msemo wa kwanza] Youn Y. H. Park, J. J. Jahn, et al; Uhusiano kati ya mtihani wa pumzi ya lactulose, kiasi cha gesi ya matumbo, na dalili za gastrointestinal kwa wagonjwa wenye ugonjwa wa matumbo yenye kukasirika. Dig Sci Dis. 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