Bronze Age Salūt (ST1) and the Indus Civilization: recent discoveries and new insights on regional interaction
Keywords:Oman, Indus Civilization, pottery, beads, seals
This study focuses on the nature of interactions and trade between the greater Indus Valley and eastern Arabia during the third millennium BC. The role of Indus trade in eastern Arabia has often been discussed in the general picture of local cultural and economic developments during the Bronze Age, but the organization and mechanism of this important phenomenon are not yet precisely decoded. New evidence from the stone tower ST1 excavated at Salūt, Sultanate of Oman, by the Italian Mission to Oman in collaboration with the Office of the Adviser to His Majesty the Sultan for Cultural Affairs, provided solid information for proposing updated models of transcultural economic interaction. The collection of Indus and Indus-related artefacts from ST1 testifies to an early integration of sites located in the interior of central Oman, within the network of long-distance connections that directly linked the Indus regions with the western shores of the Arabian Sea. The presence of a wide range of Indus pottery types, including utilitarian pottery and specific forms used for food production and presentation, suggests that some degree of cultural interaction occurred along with the expansion of trade. The discovery of Indus seals and carnelian beads possibly manufactured with non-Indus raw materials further supports the hypothesis that merchants and craftsmen from the Indus Valley were living and working in interior Oman during the second half of the third millennium BC. The evidence from ST1 also provides support for similar discoveries from other excavations in Oman and the UAE, suggesting that the interaction between Indus communities and eastern Arabia was much more extensive than previously thought.
How to Cite
Archaeopress Publishing, Oxford, UK
"Kifungu cha kwanza cha utafiti wa ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" ni ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" na ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" ni ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" na ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" ni ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" na ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" ni ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" na ""Utamaduni wa Indus"" ni ""Utamaduni wa Indus.""" Kazi ya biashara ya Indus katika mashariki mwa Arabia mara nyingi imezungumziwa katika picha ya jumla ya maendeleo ya kitamaduni na kiuchumi ya eneo hilo wakati wa Enzi ya Shaba, lakini shirika na utaratibu wa jambo hili muhimu bado haujatambuliwa kwa usahihi. "Uhakika mpya kutoka kwa mnara wa mawe wa ST1 uliochimbuliwa huko Salut, Sultanate ya Oman, na Ujumbe wa Italia huko Oman kwa kushirikiana na Ofisi ya Mshauri wa Mfalme wa Sultan kwa Masuala ya Utamaduni, ulitoa habari thabiti kwa kupendekeza mifano ya kisasa ya mwingiliano wa kiuchumi wa kitamaduni. """ Mkusanyiko wa vitu vya kale vya Indus na vitu vinavyohusiana na Indus kutoka ST1 vinathibitisha ushirikiano wa mapema wa maeneo yaliyoko ndani ya Oman ya kati, ndani ya mtandao wa uhusiano wa umbali mrefu ambao uliunganisha moja kwa moja mikoa ya Indus na pwani za magharibi za Bahari ya Arabia. Uwepo wa aina mbalimbali za udongo wa Indus, ikiwa ni pamoja na udongo wa matumizi na aina maalum zinazotumiwa kwa uzalishaji wa chakula na uwasilishaji, unaonyesha kwamba kiwango fulani cha mwingiliano wa kitamaduni ulitokea pamoja na upanuzi wa biashara. Ugunduzi wa mihuri ya Indus na shanga za carnelian, ambazo huenda zilitengenezwa kwa vifaa visivyo vya Indus, unasaidia zaidi nadharia kwamba wafanyabiashara na mafundi kutoka Bonde la Indus waliishi na kufanya kazi ndani ya Oman wakati wa nusu ya pili ya milenia ya tatu KK. "Ushahidi kutoka ST1 pia hutoa msaada kwa uvumbuzi kama huo kutoka kwa uchimbuaji mwingine huko Oman na UAE, ikidokeza kwamba mwingiliano kati ya jamii za Indus na Arabia ya Mashariki ulikuwa mkubwa zaidi kuliko ilivyodhaniwa hapo awali. """ Jinsi ya Kunukuu Archaeopress Publishing, Oxford, Uingereza