Track scope and objectives
Basic and translational research
Track A will focus on recent advancements made through both basic and translational research to further our understanding of HIV transmission, pathogenesis and persistence. Highlights will include advances in: understanding host-viral factors impacting HIV transmission and acquisition; mechanisms of reservoir establishment and HIV persistence; accurately measuring and targeting reservoirs of HIV infection; B cell engineering and manipulating B cell immunity as treatment and prevention; and understanding the ramifications of co-morbidities with HIV. Recent findings will be linked to clinical research (Track B) where appropriate. The following topics will be emphasized in Track A:
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies as prevention and treatment. From B cell engineering to antibody stabilization: We will look at new ways to elicit long-term expression of broadly neutralizing B cell immunity against HIV, from recent progress in B cell receptor engineering that changes antibody specificity to production of stabilized immunoglobulins that require fewer infusions.
- How early is early? Lessons learned from treating acute infections. When and where is the viral reservoir established? Correlates to define successful remission after early treatment.
- Novel technologies to understand, measure and eliminate the viral reservoir. From single-cell RNA sequencing to single molecule detection, to novel assays and latency-reversing agents, we will explore how novel concepts and technologies are reshaping our understanding of the landscape of HIV persistence.
- The emerging biology and pathophysiology of HIV co-morbidities. How persistent infection affects life and health span of people living with HIV. From the molecular biology of tissue immunity and the causes of chronic immune activation to exploring the consequences of living with HIV into older age.
Track B will focus on clinical care of people with HIV, highlighting the controversies and complexities of clinical treatment and management with a particular focus on antiretroviral therapy. Attention will be paid to vulnerable populations, such as young people and women, including transgender women, where HIV incidence remains high. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) remain an important additional focus against a background of ageing populations living with HIV. Latest clinical research will be presented on:
- Antiretroviral therapy and strategies for cure
- Investigational antiretroviral drugs: existing and new mechanistic classes (for example, nucleoside reverse transcriptase translocation inhibitor, entry inhibitors, capsid inhibitors, maturation inhibitors)
- New strategies: long-acting injectable regimens: implantable devices: dual (two-drug) therapies; weekly/intermittent regimens; same-day initiation; non-drug retention strategies
- Drug-related toxicities, drug-drug interactions; ARV-associated weight gain, its mechanism, management
- INSTIs in women, during pregnancy and in children
- Investigational immune-based therapies and gene therapy (for example, broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, therapeutic vaccines, anti-PD-1 antibodies, TLR7-agonists, IL-15 superagonists and combinations of these agents)
- HIV and ageing-related inflammation and immune activation, and related drug interactions. Malignancies and chronic diseases in people living with HIV at all ages; effects of NCDs on the ageing HIV population, including their prevention and management, as well as polypharmacy
- Young people. Treatment adherence, drug resistance and engagement in and transitions in care
- Tuberculosis: novel diagnostic tools, treatment and prevention regimens
- Viral hepatitis: new treatment regimens for HCV and strategies to cure HBV infection
- Sexually transmitted infections: resurgence of syphilis and drug-resistant gonorrhoea and chlamydia
- Important key opportunistic infections and new emerging infections
- Antiretroviral drug interactions
- Efficacy and safety of specific vaccines in people living with HIV.
Epidemiology and prevention research
This track will address the development of new prevention tools, the delivery of currently available prevention strategies, and the impact of expanding prevention options on the global HIV epidemic. With expanded implementation of existing prevention tools, countries and cities are seeing sustained declines in new HIV infections. However, while there is tremendous global opportunity for HIV prevention in 2020, there are also substantial challenges. The UNAIDS 2019 Global Update revealed that HIV prevention services reached less than 50% of members of key populations in more than half of the countries that reported on prevention. The results of large-scale universal test and treat trials were not consistently positive in terms of reducing new HIV infections, highlighting prevention/treatment gaps.
For oral PrEP, insufficient uptake and adherence are key barriers to potential impact, and novel approaches to maximizing PrEP knowledge and use are clearly an essential need. HIV prevention interfaces strongly with sexual and reproductive health, and optimizing prevention success will require more comprehensive prevention. This includes: attention to prevention for pregnant and lactating women; the interaction between HIV prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections; and HIV prevention within a larger context of reproductive justice.
The HIV prevention successes that have been seen at scale are not being shared equally, with the greatest impacts to date occurring among men in urban centres of the global North. An important cross-cutting priority for this track is strategies to expand prevention success to those in the global South, adolescent girls and women, marginalized populations worldwide, people who use drugs and other key groups.
Finally, the success of HIV prevention implementation poses logistical challenges to testing new prevention modalities, and creative approaches to new trial designs are required. Areas of special interest include:
- Treatment as prevention. Critical review of universal test and treat trials; optimized interventions to improve access and use by adolescents, key populations, men; improving U=U community awareness
- PrEP implementation and development. Scale up and impact on global HIV epidemiology, with a focus on countries furthest ahead in oral PrEP delivery; strategies to simplify PrEP delivery and expand access; successes and challenges among important populations (men who have sex with men, transgender women, adolescents, young women); pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of PrEP agents (including tenofovir alafenamide); new PrEP agents and delivery approaches (including injectables, long-acting formulations, implantables, vaginal rings, vaginal films and novel topical agents)
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies and vaccines. Current state of trials and looking ahead to outcomes; anticipating realistic consideration of delivery challenges for these strategies
- Integrated prevention approaches. Impact at scale of combination prevention delivery across settings; promising supportive interventions (for example, community-based delivery, lay health worker engagement, m-health applications) to facilitate scale up and access to prevention; evaluation of social, behavioural and structural interventions that address co-morbidities, including poor mental health and substance use
- Key populations and the intersection with larger issues of sexual and reproductive health. Interface of prevention scale up and the global STI epidemic and strategies for STI prevention; PrEP options and choices, including analogies to contraceptive choice; drug interactions and engagement in prevention for transgender populations; new prevention interventions for drug users; HIV prevention in the context of contraceptive delivery and the interaction of hormonal contraception and HIV risk
- Novel trial design and monitoring strategies. New trial designs for prevention studies, including those that model drug levels as a surrogate for efficacy; monitoring prevention impact using routine programmatic data; population-level assessment of HIV incidence; HIV phylogenetics for prevention monitoring and intervention; ethical and community considerations about new trial designs.
Social and behavioural research
This track will focus on the social and behavioural factors that influence HIV risk, vulnerability, clinical outcomes and intervention impact as assessed in rigorous scientific studies. Sessions in this track will present qualitative and quantitative assessments of social and behavioural factors influencing HIV epidemics and the responses to them. This includes: the effectiveness of treatment, care and support strategies for people living with HIV and HIV prevention methods for those at risk of HIV; structural interventions for HIV prevention and treatment, including advances in measuring and supporting adherence; and factors that promote or impede the translation of social, behavioural and structural evidence into practice at all levels (global, national, local, community and individual).
Attention will also be placed on ethical and human rights issues related to clinical trials. Submissions will be invited from the full range of social and behavioural science disciplines, including operational research by community-based implementers who are translating results of sociobehavioural research into programme practice. Latest conceptual thinking and empirical results are specifically expected in relation to:
- Social capital, social movements and health-enabling contexts for marginalized communities
- Resilience, community systems strengthening and effective strategies in overcoming stigma
- Experiences of stigma, and measurement and evaluations of interventions that reduce or mitigate its effects
- Perceptions of risk/vulnerability and links to sexual behaviours and prevention practices, for example, PrEP uptake, adherence and persistence
- Personal and public health approaches towards attitudes and behaviours associated with increased vulnerability to HIV, such as chemsex, sex work and multiple concurrent sexual partners
- Quality of integrated service provision and uptake, including differentiated models of delivery and implications for quality and health outcomes
- Pathways to care, retention and adherence for HIV co-infections and co-morbidities, such as mental health, TB preventative therapy and harm reduction
- Redress/reparations in response to structural issues (discrimination, violence, other human rights violations)
- Ethical considerations in relation to research, including the involvement of certain communities in clinical trials (such as pregnant and lactating women, people living with HIV, people with TB and transgender women)
- Innovations in community-driven solutions, including entrepreneurship and livelihoods approaches, as well as evidence generated from participatory and action research methods.
Implementation research, economics, systems and synergies with other health and development sectors
Implementation science is an emerging and powerful field focused on evaluating processes of translating scientific evidence into impactful HIV interventions and on the various factors affecting these processes. It is key to demonstrating how interventions proven to be efficacious in trial settings succeed and can be implemented more effectively under different real-world conditions. These trial settings include ART for those living with HIV, clean needles and substitution therapies to prevent HIV transmission among people who inject drugs, and condom use or PrEP for those vulnerable to HIV acquisition.
While implementation science can provide insight into particular elements of intervention packages that are essential, the sustainability of these interventions is driven by econometric measures and the ability to practically integrate into existing health systems. Although interest in implementation research and econometric assessments focused on HIV has increased significantly, gaps in applying the full range of available qualitative, quantitative and modelling methods and tools in the HIV field remain.
Track E will help close these gaps with a focus on promoting a balance of contextually specific and standardized approaches of implementation science, econometric study and health systems research to enhance interpretation, transferability and assessment of sustainability. Specific emphasis will be on: better ways of describing strategies for operationalizing evidence-based interventions and evaluating their sustainability; evaluating best-practice methodologies; assessing different stages of implementation; identifying key drivers (capacities) needed for change; deploying relevant implementation teams at different levels of the health system; and using measurable quality improvement cycles and policy-practice communication approaches.
Key areas of interest include:
- Novel methods and tools, including: use of econometric methods versus randomized trials; applying qualitative approaches to broader implementation problems; and bringing adaptivity and network analysis into the research framework to generate data that is more relevant for practice
- Improving modelling by: using large-scale public datasets to model macroscopic health, costs and social effects of global HIV policies and investments; using the transportability framework to elucidate understanding of both scientific findings and how they are used to shape the global public health response to the HIV epidemic; and integrating implementation considerations and costs into modelling of strategies for effective and cost-effective policies and practices in the HIV response
- New opportunities and ethical and practical factors associated with research embedded in public health systems, community, religious organizations, etc.
- M-Health. Advances in implementation science and cost effectiveness related to the use of ICT in delivering HIV interventions; using m-Health for deeper reach to enhance generalizability to desired target populations; and m-Health as an implementation research tool
- Adapting research to serve programmatic needs. Studies into health systems and local contexts to support local and national programmes in identifying opportunities to reduce HIV incidence using available tools.
Political research, law, policy and human rights
This track will focus on describing the interdependence of structural factors that enhance or detract from accessing services and impact differently on high-risk groups and communities left behind in the HIV response. The importance of understanding the “relative impact” of access and retention for each population is a critical ingredient for maximizing positive outcomes on the target population. Sessions in this track provide opportunities to demonstrate best practices and highlight needed reforms from a wide range of perspectives, including community-led interventions to remove structural, legal and policy barriers to comprehensive HIV services, particularly for the most underserved, unreached, left behind and marginalized communities. Research talks, debates and panels will focus on:
- Understanding the variable access to prevention, care and treatment services for different groups vulnerable to HIV
- Structural and programmatic methods to address inequities in access/retention for marginalized groups
- The role of legal, policy and advocacy tools to integrate human rights principles and standards into HIV prevention, care and treatment services
- Demonstrating mechanisms/strategies that ensure community inclusion in planning, allocation decisions and implementation of HIV services
- The role of diplomacy in defining and correcting structural, legal and cultural barriers to services
- Strategies for delivering comprehensive services to marginalized communities in settings where sexual/gender identity, HIV exposure and/or transmission, choice of abortion and drug use or injection are criminalized
- Integrating HIV services into a sustainable, resilient and inclusive service package for universal health coverage.
Utafiti wa msingi na wa tafsiri (Track A) utazingatia maendeleo ya hivi karibuni yaliyotolewa kupitia utafiti wa msingi na wa tafsiri ili kuendeleza uelewa wetu wa maambukizi ya HIV, pathogenesis na uvumilivu. Maendeleo katika: kuelewa sababu za majeshi-virusi zinazoathiri maambukizi ya HIV na upatikanaji; utaratibu wa kuanzisha hifadhi na kudumu kwa HIV; kupima kwa usahihi na kulenga hifadhi za maambukizi ya HIV; uhandisi wa seli za B na udhibiti wa kinga ya seli za B kama matibabu na kuzuia; na kuelewa athari za co-morbidities na HIV. Matokeo ya hivi karibuni yataunganishwa na utafiti wa kliniki (Track B) inapofaa. Mada zifuatazo zitakazingatia katika Njia A: - Antibodies za kutofautisha kwa ujumla kama kinga na matibabu. "Kutoka kwa uhandisi wa seli za B hadi utulivu wa kinga: Tutaangalia njia mpya za kuamsha usemi wa muda mrefu wa kinga ya seli za B dhidi ya VVU, kutoka kwa maendeleo ya hivi karibuni katika uhandisi wa kipokezi cha seli za B ambayo hubadilisha usahihi wa kinga hadi uzalishaji wa immunoglobulins zilizowekwa ambazo zinahitaji infusion chache. """ - Ni mapema kadiri gani? Mafunzo yaliyopatikana kutokana na kutibu maambukizo makali. Ni lini na wapi hifadhi ya virusi imeanzishwa? Inahusiana na kufafanua uponyaji wa mafanikio baada ya matibabu ya mapema. - Teknolojia mpya ya kuelewa, kupima na kuondoa hifadhi ya virusi. Kutoka kwa mfuatano wa RNA ya seli moja hadi kugundua molekuli moja, kwa vipimo vipya na wakala wa kugeuza latency, tutachunguza jinsi dhana mpya na teknolojia zinavyounda upya uelewa wetu wa mazingira ya kudumu kwa VVU. - Biolojia na pathophysiology inayoibuka ya co-morbidities ya HIV. Ugonjwa wa kudumu huathiri maisha na afya ya watu wanaoishi na virusi vya Ukimwi. Kuanzia biolojia ya molekuli ya kinga ya tishu na sababu za uanzishaji wa kinga ya muda mrefu, hadi kuchunguza matokeo ya kuishi na virusi vya Ukimwi hadi umri wa uzee. Njia ya B itazingatia huduma ya kliniki ya watu walio na HIV, ikikazia utata na utata wa matibabu ya kliniki na usimamizi na kuzingatia hasa tiba ya antiretroviral. Uangalifu utatolewa kwa idadi ya watu walio hatarini, kama vile vijana na wanawake, ikiwa ni pamoja na wanawake wa transgender, ambapo ugonjwa wa HIV unabaki kuwa wa juu. Magonjwa yasiyo ya kuambukiza (NCDs) bado ni lengo muhimu la ziada dhidi ya historia ya watu wazee wanaoishi na HIV. "Utafiti wa hivi karibuni wa kliniki utawasilishwa juu ya: ""Tiba ya Antiretroviral na mikakati ya uponyaji"" - ""Dawa za uchunguzi wa anti-retroviral: makundi ya mfumo wa kinga ya sasa na mpya (kwa mfano, kizuizi cha translocation ya nucleoside reverse transcriptase, kizuizi cha kuingia, kizuizi cha capsid, kizuizi cha kukomaa) - ""Mkakati mpya wa uchunguzi wa matibabu ya msingi wa kinga na tiba ya jeni (kwa mfano, monoclonal antibodies, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti-HIV, anti Ugonjwa mbaya na magonjwa ya muda mrefu katika watu wanaoishi na HIV katika umri wote; athari za NCDs juu ya idadi ya watu wenye HIV ya kuzeeka, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuzuia na usimamizi wao, pamoja na polypharmacy - Vijana. Ufuatiliaji wa matibabu, upinzani wa dawa na ushiriki katika na mabadiliko katika huduma - Kifua kikuu: zana mpya za utambuzi, matibabu na mifumo ya kuzuia - Hepatitis Viral: mifumo mpya ya matibabu ya HCV na mikakati ya kutibu maambukizo ya HBV - Maambukizo ya ngono: kuibuka tena kwa syphilis na gonorrhea ya dawa na chlamydia - Maambukizo muhimu ya fursa na maambukizo mapya yanayotokea - Maingiliano ya dawa za antiretroviral - Ufanisi na usalama wa chanjo maalum. Utafiti wa Epidemiolojia na Kuzuia: Njia hii itashughulikia maendeleo ya zana mpya za kuzuia, utoaji wa mikakati ya kuzuia inayopatikana sasa, na athari za kupanua chaguzi za kuzuia janga la ulimwengu la VVU. Kwa kuongeza matumizi ya vifaa vya kuzuia, nchi na miji inaona kupungua kwa maambukizi mapya ya HIV. Hata hivyo, wakati kuna fursa kubwa ya kimataifa kwa ajili ya kuzuia HIV katika 2020, kuna pia changamoto kubwa. UNAIDS 2019 Global Update ilifunua kuwa huduma za kuzuia VVU zilifikia chini ya 50% ya wanachama wa idadi muhimu ya watu katika zaidi ya nusu ya nchi zilizoripoti juu ya kuzuia. Matokeo ya majaribio ya jumla ya majaribio ya majaribio na matibabu hayakuwa chanya kwa ujumla katika suala la kupunguza maambukizi mapya ya HIV, ikionyesha mapungufu ya kuzuia na matibabu. Kwa PrEP ya mdomo, upatikanaji na kufuata haitoshi ni vizuizi vikuu vya athari ya uwezekano, na mbinu mpya za kuongeza maarifa na matumizi ya PrEP ni dhahiri haja muhimu. Uzuiaji wa VVU unahusiana sana na afya ya kingono na uzazi, na kuboresha mafanikio ya kuzuia itahitaji kuzuia kwa kina zaidi. Hii inajumuisha: tahadhari kwa kuzuia kwa wanawake wajawazito na kunyonyesha; mwingiliano kati ya kuzuia HIV na kudhibiti maambukizi ya ngono; na kuzuia HIV ndani ya muktadha mkubwa wa haki ya uzazi. Mafanikio ya kuzuia virusi vya Ukimwi ambayo yameonekana kwa kiwango kikubwa hayajagawanywa kwa usawa, na athari kubwa hadi sasa zinatokea kati ya wanaume katika vituo vya mijini vya Kaskazini ya ulimwengu. "Upendeleo muhimu wa msalaba kwa njia hii ni mikakati ya kupanua mafanikio ya kuzuia kwa wale katika Kusini ya Global, wasichana na wanawake, watu waliopuuzwa ulimwenguni kote, watu wanaotumia dawa za kulevya na vikundi vingine muhimu. """ Hatimaye, mafanikio ya utekelezaji wa kuzuia HIV huleta changamoto za vifaa kwa majaribio ya njia mpya za kuzuia, na mbinu za ubunifu kwa miundo mpya ya majaribio zinahitajika. Maeneo ya maslahi maalum ni pamoja na: - Matibabu kama kuzuia. Mapitio muhimu ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio ya majaribio. "Kuchanganya na athari kwa janga la HIV la kimataifa, na kuzingatia nchi zilizo mbele zaidi katika utoaji wa PrEP ya mdomo; mikakati ya kurahisisha utoaji wa PrEP na kupanua upatikanaji; mafanikio na changamoto kati ya idadi kubwa ya watu (wanaume wanaofanya ngono na wanaume, wanawake wa transgender, vijana, vijana); pharmacokinetics na pharmacodynamics ya dawa za PrEP (ikiwa ni pamoja na tenofovir-ALAFENAMID) na njia mpya za utoaji wa PrEP (ikiwa ni pamoja na dawa za sindano, dawa za muda mrefu, implantations, pete za mkojo, filamu za mkojo na dawa mpya za kawaida).""" Hali ya sasa ya majaribio na kuangalia mbele kwa matokeo; kutarajia kuzingatia kweli ya changamoto za utoaji kwa mikakati hii - mbinu za kuzuia jumuishi. Msaada wa kuzuia pamoja (kwa mfano, utoaji wa jamii, ushiriki wa wafanyakazi wa afya, maombi ya afya ya m), ili kuwezesha upanuzi na upatikanaji wa kuzuia, tathmini ya hatua za kijamii, tabia na muundo zinazoshughulikia co-morbidities, ikiwa ni pamoja na afya mbaya ya akili na matumizi ya dawa - idadi ya watu muhimu na kuingiliana na masuala makubwa ya afya ya kijinsia na uzazi. "Utafiti wa ""Ukanda wa Kuzuia na Epidemia ya STI ya Ulimwenguni na Mikakati ya Kuzuia STI"" unaonyesha jinsi ""Mipango na Chaguzi za PrEP, ikiwa ni pamoja na Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti.""" Majaribio ya utafiti wa kuzuia, ikiwa ni pamoja na wale ambao huonyesha viwango vya dawa kama surrogate kwa ufanisi; ufuatiliaji wa athari za kuzuia kwa kutumia data ya kawaida ya programu; tathmini ya kiwango cha idadi ya watu wa ugonjwa wa HIV; phylogenetics ya HIV kwa ajili ya ufuatiliaji wa kuzuia na uingiliaji; kuzingatia maadili na jamii kuhusu miundo mpya ya majaribio. Utafiti wa kijamii na tabia: Njia hii itazingatia mambo ya kijamii na tabia ambayo huathiri hatari ya virusi vya HIV, udhaifu, matokeo ya kliniki na athari za uingiliaji, kama inavyoathiriwa katika masomo ya kisayansi ya kina. Mikutano katika njia hii itatoa tathmini za ubora na wingi wa mambo ya kijamii na tabia yanayoathiri magonjwa ya ukimwi na majibu yao. Hii inajumuisha: ufanisi wa matibabu, huduma na mikakati ya msaada kwa watu wanaoishi na HIV na mbinu za kuzuia HIV kwa wale walio katika hatari ya kuambukizwa na HIV; hatua za muundo kwa ajili ya kuzuia na matibabu ya HIV, ikiwa ni pamoja na maendeleo katika kupima na kusaidia kufuata; na mambo ambayo huendeleza au kuzuia tafsiri ya ushahidi wa kijamii, tabia na muundo katika mazoezi katika ngazi zote (ulimwengu, kitaifa, ndani, jamii na mtu binafsi). Uangalifu pia utawekwa kwenye masuala ya maadili na haki za binadamu yanayohusiana na majaribio ya kliniki. Mawasilisho yatakaribishwa kutoka kwa safu kamili ya taaluma za sayansi ya kijamii na tabia, pamoja na utafiti wa uendeshaji na watendaji wa jamii ambao wanatafsiri matokeo ya utafiti wa kijamii na tabia katika mazoezi ya programu. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Mtazamo wa hatari na uvumilivu na uhusiano na tabia za kingono na mazoea ya kuzuia, kwa mfano, upatikanaji, kufuata na kuendelea kwa PrEP, mbinu za afya ya kibinafsi na ya umma kuelekea mitazamo na tabia zinazohusiana na kuongezeka kwa hatari ya virusi vya HIV, kama vile utafiti, kazi, ngono na washirika wengi wa ngono, utoaji wa huduma za pamoja na upatikanaji, pamoja na mifano tofauti ya utoaji na matokeo ya ubora na afya, njia za matibabu na utunzaji kwa virusi vya HIV na maradhi ya pamoja, kama vile ugonjwa wa akili, kupunguza na kurekebisha athari za ubaguzi, pamoja na ubaguzi.""" Utafiti wa Utekelezaji, Uchumi, Mifumo na Synergies na Sekta nyingine za Afya na Maendeleo: Sayansi ya Utekelezaji ni uwanja unaojitokeza na wenye nguvu unaozingatia mchakato wa kutafsiri ushahidi wa kisayansi katika hatua za athari za VVU na juu ya mambo mbalimbali yanayoathiri mchakato huu. Ni muhimu kuonyesha jinsi ya kuingilia kuthibitishwa kuwa na ufanisi katika mazingira ya majaribio kufanikiwa na inaweza kutekelezwa kwa ufanisi zaidi chini ya hali tofauti za ulimwengu halisi. Majaribio hayo yanatia ndani matibabu ya kuambukiza virusi vya Ukimwi kwa wale walio na virusi vya Ukimwi, sindano safi na matibabu ya badala ya kuzuia maambukizi ya virusi vya Ukimwi kwa watu wanaojinywesha dawa za kulevya, na matumizi ya kondomu au PrEP kwa wale walio hatarini kwa maambukizi ya Ukimwi. Wakati sayansi ya utekelezaji inaweza kutoa ufahamu wa vipengele maalum vya vifungu vya uingiliaji ambavyo ni muhimu, uendelevu wa uingiliaji huu unaendeshwa na vipimo vya uchumi na uwezo wa kuunganisha kwa vitendo katika mifumo ya afya iliyopo. Ingawa maslahi katika utafiti wa utekelezaji na tathmini za kiuchumi zilizozingatia VVU zimeongezeka kwa kiasi kikubwa, mapungufu katika kutumia aina kamili ya mbinu na zana za ubora, wingi na mfano zinazopatikana katika uwanja wa VVU bado zipo. Njia ya E itasaidia kuziba mapungufu haya kwa kuzingatia kukuza usawa wa mbinu maalum za mazingira na za kawaida za sayansi ya utekelezaji, utafiti wa uchumi na utafiti wa mifumo ya afya ili kuboresha tafsiri, uhamisho na tathmini ya uendelevu. Mtazamo maalum utawekwa juu ya: njia bora za kuelezea mikakati ya uendeshaji wa hatua za ushahidi na kutathmini uthabiti wao; kutathmini mbinu za mazoezi bora; kutathmini hatua tofauti za utekelezaji; kutambua madereva muhimu (uwezo) unaohitajika kwa mabadiliko; kupeleka timu zinazohusiana za utekelezaji katika ngazi tofauti za mfumo wa afya; na kutumia mzunguko wa kuboresha ubora na mbinu za mawasiliano ya sera na mazoezi. "Mifumo mpya ya utafiti, pamoja na njia za kiuchumi na za kawaida, zinatumiwa katika kuunda mifumo ya utafiti wa afya ya umma ya ""msaada wa afya ya umma"" na ""msaada wa afya ya umma"" na ""mfumo wa utafiti wa afya ya umma"" na ""mfumo wa utafiti wa afya ya umma"" na ""mfumo wa utafiti wa afya ya umma"" na ""mfumo wa utafiti wa afya ya umma"" na ""mfumo wa utafiti wa matibabu ya afya ya umma"" na ""mfumo wa utafiti wa matibabu ya afya ya umma"" na ""mfumo wa utafiti wa matibabu.""" - Afya ya M. Maendeleo katika sayansi ya utekelezaji na ufanisi wa gharama zinazohusiana na matumizi ya ICT katika kutoa hatua za HIV; kutumia m-Safisha kwa ufikiaji wa kina ili kuongeza generalizability kwa idadi ya watu waliotazamwa; na m-Safisha kama chombo cha utafiti wa utekelezaji - Kubadilisha utafiti ili kuhudumia mahitaji ya programu. Mafunzo ya mifumo ya afya na muktadha wa ndani ili kusaidia mipango ya ndani na ya kitaifa katika kutambua fursa za kupunguza maambukizi ya HIV kwa kutumia zana zinazopatikana. Utafiti wa kisiasa, sheria, sera na haki za binadamu: Njia hii itazingatia kuelezea kutegemeana kwa sababu za muundo ambazo zinaongeza au kupunguza upatikanaji wa huduma na athari tofauti kwa vikundi vya hatari na jamii zilizochelewa katika majibu ya VVU. Umuhimu wa kuelewa "athari ya jamaa" ya upatikanaji na uhifadhi kwa kila idadi ya watu ni kiungo muhimu kwa ajili ya kuongeza matokeo mazuri juu ya idadi ya watu lengo. Mikutano katika njia hii hutoa fursa za kuonyesha mazoea bora na kuangazia mageuzi yanayohitajika kutoka kwa mtazamo mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na hatua zinazoongozwa na jamii ili kuondoa vizuizi vya muundo, kisheria na sera kwa huduma kamili za HIV, haswa kwa jamii zilizo chini ya huduma, zisizofikiwa, zilizoachwa nyuma na kutengwa. Mkutano huu wa utafiti, majadiliano na paneli utazingatia: Kuelewa upatikanaji tofauti wa huduma za kuzuia, utunzaji na matibabu kwa vikundi tofauti vya watu walio hatarini kwa virusi vya Ukimwi; Mbinu za muundo na programu za kushughulikia ukosefu wa usawa katika upatikanaji wa huduma za kuzuia, utunzaji na matibabu ya virusi vya Ukimwi; Mkakati wa kuunganisha huduma za afya katika huduma za afya za kudumu, thabiti na za ujumuishaji kwa ajili ya huduma za huduma za afya za ulimwengu.