Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
What is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder?
PTSD is a mental health problem that some people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event, like combat, a natural disaster, a car accident, or sexual assault. It's normal to have upsetting memories, feel on edge, or have trouble sleeping after this type of event. If symptoms last more than a few months, it may be PTSD.
About 7 or 8 out of every 100 people (or 7-8% of the population) will have PTSD at some point in their lives.
About 8 million adults have PTSD during a given year. This is only a small portion of those who have gone through a trauma.
About 10 of every 100 women (or 10%) develop PTSD sometime in their lives compared with about 4 of every 100 men (or 4%). Learn more about women, trauma and PTSD.
What is PTSD?
Whiteboard video covering PTSD basics, such as types of trauma and symptoms.
ARTICLES ABOUT PTSD
PTSD Affects First Responders Too--Hear One Story
By The Mighty Staff
"And you can’t be a first responder, doing the things that we do, seeing the things that we see, experiencing things that we experience, and not be affected.’ And there’s no shame in that..."
How My Trauma Brain Reacts to COVID-19 Restrictions
By The Mighty Staff
""... many other organizations have started their own 12-step programs, proving to be an effective means for some if not many to get help from themselves and their ailments. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) does not have a 12-step program. Here is mine."
My Proposed '12-Steps' for Healing From PTSD
By Christian Benedetto Jr.
"Every time new COVID-related restrictions are mandated, I feel a surge of panic shoot through my veins.
I still have to consciously remember to breathe."
Experiencing a traumatic event can cause life-long anxiety problems, called posttraumatic stress disorder. Researchers from Uppsala University and the medical university Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm now show that people with posttraumatic stress disorder have an imbalance between two neurochemical systems in the brain, serotonin and substance P. The greater the imbalance, the more serious the symptoms patients have.
Many people experience traumatic events in life, e.g. robbery, warfare, a serious accident or sexual assault. Approximately 10 percent of people subjected to trauma suffer long-lasting symptoms in the form of disturbing flashbacks, insomnia, hyperarousal and anxiety. If these problems lead to impairment, the person is said to suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, PTSD.
It has previously been shown that people with PTSD have altered brain anatomy and function. A new study by researchers from the Department of Psychology at Uppsala University and Clinical Neuroscience at Karolinska Institutet shows that people with PTSD have an imbalance between two neurochemical signalling systems of the brain, serotonin and substance P. Professors Mats Fredrikson and Tomas Furmark led the study using a so-called PET scanner to measure the relationship between these systems.
The study, which has been published in the scientific journal Molecular Psychiatry, shows that it is the imbalance between the two signalling systems which determines the severity of the symptoms suffered by the individual rather than the degree of change in a single system. Others have previously speculated that the biological basis of psychiatric disorders such as PTSD includes a shift in the balance between different signalling systems in the brain but none has yet proved it. The results of the study are a great leap forward in our understanding of PTSD. It will contribute new knowledge which can be used to design improved treatments for traumatised individuals.
"At present, PTSD is often treated with selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which have a direct effect on the serotonin system. SSRI drugs provide relief for many but do not help everybody. Restoring the balance between the serotonin and substance P systems could become a new treatment strategy for individuals suffering from traumatic incidents," says lead author Andreas Frick, researcher at the Department of Psychology, Uppsala University.
HOW DOES TREATMENT HELP?
"The main treatments for people with PTSD are specific short-term psychotherapies. These treatments are described below. Everyone is different, so a treatment that works for one person may not work for another. Some people may need to try different treatments to find what works best for their symptoms. Regardless of which option you chose, it is important to seek treatment from a mental health professional who is experienced with PTSD.
CBT is a type of psychotherapy that has consistently been found to be the most effective treatment of PTSD both in the short term and the long term. CBT for PTSD is trauma-focused, meaning the trauma event(s) are the center of the treatment. It focuses on identifying, understanding, and changing thinking and behavior patterns. CBT is an active treatment involved the patient to engage in and outside of weekly appointments and learn skills to be applied to their symptoms. The skills learned during therapy sessions are practiced repeatedly and help support symptom improvement. CBT treatments traditionally occur over 12 to 16 weeks.
Main Components of CBT:
While different CBTs have different amounts of both exposure and cognitive interventions, they are the main components of the larger category of CBTs that have been repeatedly found to result in symptom reduction.
Exposure therapy. This type of intervention helps people face and control their fears by exposing them to the trauma memory they experiences in the context of a safe environment. Exposure can use mental imagery, writing, or visits to places or people that remind them of their trauma. Virtual reality (creating a virtual environment to resemble the traumatic event) can also be used to expose the person to the environment that contains the feared situation. Virtual reality, like other exposure techniques can assist in exposures for treatment for PTSD when the technology is available. Regardless of the method of exposure, a person is often gradually exposed to the trauma to help them become less sensitive over time.
Cognitive Restructuring. This type of intervention helps people make sense of bad memories. Oftentimes people remember their trauma differently than how it happened (e.g., not remembering certain parts of the trauma, remembering it is a disjointed way). It is common for people to feel guilt of shame about aspects of their trauma that were not actually their fault. Cognitive restructuring helps people look at what happened with fact to get a realistic perspective on the trauma.
It is important for anyone with PTSD to be treated by a mental health care professional who is experienced with PTSD. Some people will need to try different treatments to find what works for their symptoms.
Description of Specific CBTs for PTSD:
Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) is an adaptation of cognitive therapy that aims toward the recognition and reevaluation of trauma-related thinking. The treatment focuses on the way people view themselves, others, and the world after experiencing a traumatic event. Often times inaccurate thinking after a traumatic event "keep you stuck" and thus prevent recovery from trauma. In CPT you look at why the trauma occurred and the impact it has had on your thinking. It can be especially helpful for people who, to some extent, blame themselves for a traumatic event. CPT focuses on learning skills to evaluate whether you thoughts are supported by facts and whether there are more helpful ways to think about your trauma. There is strong research support showing the effectiveness for people recovering from many types of traumas.
Prolonged Exposure (PE) is another form of CBT that relies more heavily on behavioral therapy techniques to help individuals gradually approach trauma related memories, situations, and emotions. PE focuses on exposures to help people with PTSD stop avoiding trauma reminders. Avoiding these reminders may help in the short term, but in the long term it prevents recovery from PTSD. PE uses imaginal exposures, which involve recounting the details of the trauma experience, as well as in vivo exposures, which involve repeatedly confronting trauma-related situations or people in their life that they have been avoiding. There is strong research support showing PEs effectiveness across a wide range of traumas.
Stress Inoculation Training (SIT) is another type of CBT that aims to reduce anxiety by teaching coping skills to deal with stress that may accompany PTSD. SIT can be used as a standalone treatment or may be used with another types of CBTs. The main goal is to teach people to react differently to react differently to their symptoms. This is done through teaching different types of coping skills including, but is not limited to, breathing retraining, muscle relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and assertiveness skills.
Other PTSD Treatments:
There are other types of PTSD interventions that are not considered CBTs.
Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is a form of psychotherapy that involves processing upsetting trauma-related memories, thoughts and feelings. EMDR asks people to pay attention to either a sound or a back and forth movement while thinking about the trauma memory. This treatment has been found to be effective for treating PTSD, but some research has shown that the back and forth movement is not the active treatment component but rather the exposure alone is.
Present Centered Therapy (PCT) is a type of non-trauma focused treatment that centers around current issues rather than directly processing the trauma. PCT provides psychoeducation about the impact of trauma on one’s life as well as teaching problem solving strategies to deal with current life stressors.
Medications are sometimes used as an adjunct to one of the therapies described above. One of the more common types of medications used are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). SSRIs are antidepressants, and depressed mood can be part of PTSD. Also sometimes used as a short term and adjunctive treatment are benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines are quick-acting medications that are effective but can be habit forming.
If PTSD is a problem for you or for someone you care about, seek out a consultation with an experienced mental health professional. PTSD is a treatable condition -- find out what help there might be for you or your loved one."
BOOKS THAT EFFECTIVELY PORTRAY PTSD
Waiting For First Light: My Ongoing Battle With PTSD
By Roméo Dallaire
"At the heart of Waiting for First Light is a no-holds-barred self-portrait of a top political and military figure whose nights are invaded by despair, but who at first light faces the day with the renewed desire to make a difference in the world.
Roméo Dallaire, traumatized by witnessing genocide on an imponderable scale in Rwanda, reflects in these pages on the nature of PTSD and the impact of that deep wound on his life since 1994, and on how he motivates himself and others to humanitarian work despite his constant struggle. Though he had been a leader in peace and in war at all levels up to deputy commander of the
Canadian Army, his PTSD led to his medical dismissal from the Canadian Forces in April 2000, a blow that almost killed him. But he crawled out of the hole he fell into after he had to take off the uniform, and he has been inspiring people to give their all to multiple missions ever since, from ending genocide to eradicating the use of child soldiers to revolutionizing officer training so that our soldiers can better deal with the muddy reality of modern conflict zones and to revolutionizing our thinking about the changing nature of conflict itself.
His new book is as compelling and original an account of suffering and endurance as Joan Didion's The Year of Magical Thinking and William Styron's Darkness Visible."
I'm Fine and Neither Are You
by Camille Pagán
"Wife. Mother. Breadwinner. Penelope Ruiz-Kar is doing it all—and barely keeping it together. Meanwhile, her best friend, Jenny Sweet, appears to be sailing through life. As close as the two women are, Jenny’s passionate marriage, pristine house, and ultra-polite child stand in stark contrast to Penelope’s underemployed husband, Sanjay, their unruly brood, and the daily grind she calls a career.
Then a shocking tragedy reveals that Jenny’s life is far from perfect. Reeling, Penelope vows to stop keeping the peace and finally deal with the issues in her relationship. So she and Sanjay agree to a radical proposal: both will write a list of changes they want each other to make—then commit to complete and total honesty.
What seems like a smart idea quickly spirals out of control, revealing new rifts and even deeper secrets. As Penelope stares down the possible implosion of her marriage, she must ask herself: When it comes to love, is honesty really the best policy?"
All The Light We Cannot See
by Anthony Doerr
"From the highly acclaimed, multiple award-winning Anthony Doerr, the stunningly beautiful instant New York Times bestseller about a blind French girl and a German boy whose paths collide in occupied France as both try to survive the devastation of World War II.
Marie-Laure lives in Paris near the Museum of Natural History, where her father works. When she is twelve, the Nazis occupy Paris and father and daughter flee to the walled citadel of Saint-Malo, where Marie-Laure’s reclusive great uncle lives in a tall house by the sea. With them they carry what might be the museum’s most valuable and dangerous jewel.
In a mining town in Germany, Werner Pfennig, an orphan, grows up with his younger sister, enchanted by a crude radio they find that brings them news and stories from places they have never seen or imagined. Werner becomes an expert at building and fixing these crucial new instruments and is enlisted to use his talent to track down the resistance. Deftly interweaving the lives of Marie-Laure and Werner, Doerr illuminates the ways, against all odds, people try to be good to one another."
CELEBRITIES WHO ADVOCATE
"'I [...] developed PTSD as a result of being raped and also not processing that trauma,' she told Oprah.
'Mental health is a medical condition. It should be treated as a medical condition, it should not be ignored,' she said. 'I take an oath as a commitment today, with you, it's 2020 and for the next decade and maybe longer, I'm going to get the smartest scientists, doctors, psychiatrists, mathematicians, brain surgeons, and professors in the same room together and we're going to go through each problem one by one and we're going to solve this mental health crisis.'"
"'I know those families and my fans, and everyone there experienced a tremendous amount of it as well,' Grande said of suffering the symptoms of PTSD. 'I feel like I shouldn't even be talking about my own experience -- like I shouldn't even say anything.'"
Ugonjwa wa Mkazo Baada ya Mshtuko wa Afya Ni Nini? PTSD ni tatizo la afya ya akili ambalo watu wengi huendelea baada ya kukabiliwa na tukio linalotishia maisha kama vita, msiba wa asili, ajali ya gari, au unyanyasaji wa kingono. Ni jambo la kawaida kuwa na kumbukumbu zenye kusumbua, kuhisi kuwa katika hali ya wasiwasi, au kuwa na matatizo ya kulala baada ya tukio kama hilo. Ikiwa dalili hizo huendelea kwa zaidi ya miezi michache, huenda ikawa PTSD. Karibu watu 7 au 8 kati ya kila watu 100 (au 7% ya idadi ya watu) watakuwa na PTSD wakati fulani maishani mwao. Watu wazima milioni 8 wana PTSD. Hii ni sehemu ndogo tu ya wale ambao wamepitia majeraha. Karibu wanawake 10 kati ya 100 (au 10%) hupata PTSD wakati fulani maishani mwao ikilinganishwa na wanaume 4 kati ya 100 (au 4%). Jifunze zaidi kuhusu wanawake, trauma na PTSD. Ugonjwa wa PTSD ni nini? Video ya Whiteboard inayofunika misingi ya PTSD, kama vile aina za majeraha na dalili. "PTSD huathiri pia wa kwanza kujibu - Sikiliza Hadithi Moja na Wafanyakazi wa Nguvu ""Na huwezi kuwa wa kwanza kujibu, kufanya mambo tunayofanya, kuona mambo tunayoona, uzoefu mambo tunayojionea, na usipate athari. na hakuna aibu katika hilo. "" Jinsi Ubongo Wangu wa Trauma Unavyoitikia Vizuizi vya COVID-19 na Wafanyakazi wa Nguvu ""... mashirika mengine mengi yameanza programu zao za hatua 12, kuthibitisha kuwa njia bora kwa wengine ikiwa sio wengi kupata msaada kutoka kwao wenyewe na magonjwa yao." Ugonjwa wa Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) ni ugonjwa wa kuambukiza ambao unatokana na hali ya kushindwa kufanya kazi kwa muda mrefu. Hii ni yangu". "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika ""Hatua 12 za Kuponya PTSD"" na Christian Benedetto Jr., ""Kila wakati vizuizi vipya vinavyohusiana na COVID vinapowekwa, nahisi wimbi la hofu linapita kwenye mishipa yangu." Bado ni lazima nikumbuke kwa ufahamu kupumua". Kuteseka baada ya tukio lenye kuhuzunisha kunaweza kusababisha matatizo ya wasiwasi ya maisha yote, yanayoitwa ugonjwa wa mkazo wa baada ya majeraha. Watafiti kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Uppsala na Chuo Kikuu cha Tiba cha Karolinska Institute huko Stockholm sasa wanaonyesha kuwa watu walio na ugonjwa wa mkazo wa baada ya majeraha wana usawa kati ya mifumo miwili ya neurokemikali katika ubongo, serotonini na P. Kadiri usawa ulivyo mkubwa, ndivyo dalili zinavyozidi kuwa mbaya. Watu wengi hupata matukio yenye kuhuzunisha maishani, kwa mfano: Uibaji, vita, ajali mbaya au unyanyasaji wa kingono. Karibu asilimia 10 ya watu walioathiriwa na majeraha ya kihisia wanakabiliwa na dalili za muda mrefu katika fomu ya flashbacks ya kusumbua, kukosa usingizi, hyperarousal na wasiwasi. Ikiwa matatizo haya husababisha ulemavu, mtu huyo husemwa kuwa ana ugonjwa wa mkazo baada ya majeraha, PTSD. Kwa mfano, watu walio na PTSD wana mabadiliko ya ubongo na utendaji. Uchunguzi wa hivi karibuni uliofanywa na watafiti kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Uppsala na Chuo Kikuu cha Karolinska, unaonyesha kuwa watu walio na PTSD wana usawa kati ya mifumo miwili ya ishara ya ubongo, serotonini na P-stimuli, na wataalamu wa PTSD, Tomas Furman na Mats Fredriksson, waliongoza utafiti huo kwa kutumia skana ya PET. Utafiti huo, uliochapishwa katika jarida la kisayansi la Molecular Psychiatry, unaonyesha kuwa ni ukosefu wa usawa kati ya mifumo miwili ya ishara ambayo huamua ukali wa dalili zinazosababishwa na mtu binafsi badala ya kiwango cha mabadiliko katika mfumo mmoja. Wengine wamedokeza kwamba msingi wa kibiolojia wa matatizo ya akili kama vile PTSD ni pamoja na mabadiliko katika usawa kati ya mifumo tofauti ya ishara katika ubongo, lakini hakuna hata mmoja amethibitisha. Matokeo ya utafiti huu ni leap kubwa mbele katika uelewa wetu wa PTSD. Itasaidia maarifa mapya ambayo yanaweza kutumika kubuni matibabu bora kwa watu walio na majeraha. Kwa sasa, PTSD hutibiwa mara nyingi na selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) ambayo ina athari ya moja kwa moja kwenye mfumo wa serotonin. Dawa za SSRI hutoa kitulizo kwa wengi lakini hazisaidii kila mtu. "Kurejesha usawa kati ya serotonini na mfumo wa P inaweza kuwa mkakati mpya wa matibabu kwa watu wanaoteseka kutokana na matukio ya kiwewe, ""anasema mwandishi mkuu Andreas Frick, mtafiti katika Idara ya Saikolojia, Chuo Kikuu cha Uppsala." Matibabu Husaidiaje? "Tiba kuu kwa watu wenye PTSD ni matibabu ya kisaikolojia ya muda mfupi. Matibabu hayo yanaelezwa hapa chini. Kila mtu ni tofauti, kwa hiyo matibabu yanayofaa mtu mmoja huenda yasifanye kazi kwa mtu mwingine. Watu wengine wanaweza kuhitaji kujaribu matibabu tofauti ili kupata kile kinachofanya kazi vizuri zaidi kwa dalili zao. Bila kujali ni njia gani ya matibabu, ni muhimu kutafuta matibabu kutoka kwa mtaalamu wa afya ya akili ambaye ana uzoefu na PTSD. CBT ni aina ya matibabu ya kisaikolojia ambayo imepatikana kuwa matibabu bora zaidi ya PTSD kwa muda mfupi na kwa muda mrefu. CBT kwa PTSD ni trauma-focused, maana tukio trauma ni kituo cha matibabu. Inakazia kutambua, kuelewa, na kubadili mifumo ya kufikiri na tabia. CBT ni matibabu ya kazi ambayo inahusisha mgonjwa kushiriki ndani na nje ya miadi ya kila wiki na kujifunza ujuzi wa kutumika kwa dalili zao. Ujuzi unaopatikana wakati wa vipindi vya tiba hufanywa tena na tena na husaidia kusaidia kuboresha dalili. Kwa kawaida, matibabu ya CBT hufanyika kwa muda wa wiki 12 hadi 16. Tiba ya CBT: Ingawa CBT tofauti zina kiasi tofauti cha maambukizi na uingiliaji wa utambuzi, ni sehemu kuu ya jamii kubwa ya CBT ambayo imepatikana mara kwa mara kusababisha kupunguza dalili. Tiba ya mfiduo. Aina hii ya uingiliaji husaidia watu kukabiliana na kudhibiti hofu zao kwa kuwafunua kumbukumbu ya majeraha wanayojionea katika muktadha wa mazingira salama. Kufunuliwa kunaweza kutumia picha za kiakili, uandishi, au ziara za mahali au watu wanaowakumbusha juu ya majeraha yao. Uhalisi wa kweli (kuunda mazingira ya kweli kufanana na tukio la kiwewe) pia inaweza kutumika kufunua mtu kwa mazingira ambayo yana hali ya hofu. Uhalisi wa Virtual, kama mbinu nyingine za mfiduo, inaweza kusaidia katika mfiduo wa matibabu ya PTSD wakati teknolojia inapatikana. Bila kujali njia ya kuambukizwa, mara nyingi mtu huambukizwa hatua kwa hatua na majeraha ili kuwasaidia kuwa chini ya unyeti kwa muda. Utaratibu wa Utafiti wa Ujuzi. Aina hii ya uingiliaji husaidia watu kuelewa kumbukumbu mbaya. Mara nyingi watu hukumbuka majeraha yao kwa njia tofauti na jinsi ilivyotokea (kwa mfano, kukosa kukumbuka sehemu fulani za majeraha, kukumbuka ni njia isiyo na uhusiano). Ni kawaida kwa watu kuhisi hatia ya aibu kuhusu mambo ya majeraha yao ambayo kwa kweli hayakuwa kosa lao. Utaratibu wa utambuzi husaidia watu kuangalia kile kilichotokea na ukweli ili kupata mtazamo wa kweli juu ya majeraha. Kwa hivyo, ni muhimu kwa mtu yeyote aliye na PTSD kutibiwa na mtaalamu wa huduma za afya ya akili ambaye ana uzoefu na PTSD. Watu wengine watahitaji kujaribu matibabu tofauti ili kupata kile kinachofanya kazi kwa dalili zao. Tiba ya Utaratibu wa Ujuzi (CPT) ni mbinu ya matibabu ya utambuzi ambayo inakusudia kutambua na kutathmini tena mawazo yanayohusiana na majeraha. Matibabu hayo hukazia jinsi watu wanavyojiona, wanavyowaona wengine, na jinsi wanavyoona ulimwengu baada ya kupatwa na tukio lenye kuhuzunisha. Mara nyingi kufikiri kwa njia isiyo sahihi baada ya tukio lenye kuhuzunisha "kunakufanya ushikamane" na hivyo kuzuia kupona kutokana na majeraha. Katika CPT, unaangalia kwa nini majeraha yalitokea na athari ambayo yamekuwa nayo kwenye kufikiri kwako. Inaweza kuwa na manufaa hasa kwa watu ambao, kwa kadiri fulani, hujilaumu wenyewe kwa sababu ya tukio lenye kuhuzunisha. CPT inazingatia ujuzi wa kujifunza ili kutathmini kama mawazo yako yanaungwa mkono na ukweli na kama kuna njia zaidi za kusaidia kufikiri juu ya majeraha yako. Kuna msaada mkubwa wa utafiti unaoonyesha ufanisi kwa watu wanaopona kutoka kwa aina nyingi za majeraha. Utafiti wa muda mrefu (PET) ni aina nyingine ya CBT ambayo inategemea zaidi juu ya mbinu za tiba ya tabia kusaidia watu hatua kwa hatua kukaribia kumbukumbu zinazohusiana na majeraha, hali na hisia. Utafiti wa PTSD unaonyesha kuwa watu wanaopitia PTSD wanaendelea kuepuka kumbukumbu za majeraha. Kuepuka kukumbusha kunaweza kusaidia kwa muda mfupi, lakini kwa muda mrefu huzuia kupona kutoka kwa PTSD. Utafiti wa PEA hutumia maonyesho ya kuwaziwa, ambayo yanahusisha kuelezea maelezo ya uzoefu wa majeraha, na pia maonyesho ya in vivo, ambayo yanahusisha kukabiliana mara kwa mara na hali zinazohusiana na majeraha au watu katika maisha yao ambao wamekuwa wakiepuka. Kuna msaada mkubwa wa utafiti unaoonyesha ufanisi wa PEs katika aina mbalimbali za majeraha. Mazoezi ya Insulation ya Mkazo (SIT) ni aina nyingine ya CBT ambayo inakusudia kupunguza wasiwasi kwa kufundisha ujuzi wa kukabiliana na mkazo ambao unaweza kuandamana na PTSD. SIT inaweza kutumika kama matibabu ya kujitegemea au inaweza kutumika na aina nyingine za CBT. Lengo kuu ni kuwafundisha watu jinsi ya kukabiliana na dalili zao. Hii hufanywa kwa kufundisha aina tofauti za ujuzi wa kukabiliana na matatizo, ikiwa ni pamoja na, lakini si mdogo kwa, kupumua mafunzo, misuli kupumzika, utambuzi wa muundo, na ujuzi assertiveness. Matibabu mengine ya PTSD: Kuna aina nyingine za uingiliaji wa PTSD ambazo hazizingatiwi kuwa CBT. Desensitization na Reprocessing ya Harakati za Jicho (EMDR) ni aina ya matibabu ya kisaikolojia ambayo inahusisha usindikaji wa kumbukumbu, mawazo na hisia zinazohusiana na majeraha. EMDR inawashauri watu kuzingatia sauti au harakati za mbele na nyuma wakati wa kufikiria kumbukumbu ya majeraha. Matibabu haya yamegunduliwa kuwa na ufanisi katika kutibu PTSD, lakini utafiti fulani umeonyesha kwamba harakati ya nyuma na mbele sio sehemu ya matibabu ya kazi, lakini badala yake mfiduo peke yake ni. Tiba ya Uwasilishaji (PCT) ni aina ya matibabu yasiyo ya trauma ambayo inazingatia masuala ya sasa badala ya kusindika moja kwa moja trauma. PCT hutoa psychoeducation kuhusu athari ya majeraha juu ya maisha ya mtu na pia kufundisha mikakati ya kutatua tatizo ili kukabiliana na matatizo ya sasa ya maisha. Nyakati nyingine dawa hutumiwa kuunga mkono mojawapo ya matibabu yaliyoelezwa hapo juu. Mojawapo ya aina za dawa zinazotumiwa kwa kawaida ni dawa za kuzuia kuingizwa tena kwa serotonini (SSRI). SSRI ni dawa ya kukandamiza unyogovu, na hali ya kushuka moyo inaweza kuwa sehemu ya PTSD. Pia wakati mwingine hutumiwa kama matibabu ya muda mfupi na ya ziada ni benzodiazepines. Dawa za benzodiazepini ni dawa zinazotenda haraka ambazo ni zenye matokeo lakini zinaweza kutokeza uraibu. Ikiwa PTSD ni tatizo kwako au kwa mtu unayemjali, tafuta ushauri na mtaalamu wa afya ya akili mwenye uzoefu. PTSD ni hali inayoweza kutibiwa - tafuta msaada unaoweza kupatikana kwa ajili yako au kwa ajili ya mpendwa wako". "Kulinda kwa Nuru ya Kwanza: Mapambano Yangu ya Kuendelea na PTSD, na Roméo Dallaire, ""Kulinda kwa Nuru ya Kwanza"" ni picha ya kibinafsi ya mtu mashuhuri wa kisiasa na kijeshi ambaye usiku wake huingiliwa na kukata tamaa, lakini ambaye kwa mwangaza wa kwanza anakabiliwa na siku na hamu mpya ya kufanya tofauti ulimwenguni." "Romeo Dallaire, aliyesumbuliwa na mauaji ya kimbari nchini Rwanda, anaelezea jinsi ""madhara ya baada ya majeraha"" yalivyomathiri tangu 1994 na jinsi anavyojitokeza na kuwachochea wengine kufanya kazi za kibinadamu licha ya mapambano yake ya daima." Ingawa alikuwa kiongozi katika amani na vita katika ngazi zote hadi kuwa naibu kamanda wa Jeshi la Canada, PTSD yake ilisababisha kufukuzwa kwake kwa matibabu kutoka kwa vikosi vya Canada mnamo Aprili 2000, pigo ambalo karibu lilimuua. Lakini aliruka kutoka kwenye shimo alilokuwa ameshuka baada ya kuondoa sare, na amekuwa akiwahamasisha watu kutoa kila kitu kwa misheni nyingi tangu wakati huo, kutoka kumaliza mauaji ya kimbari hadi kuondoa matumizi ya wanajeshi wa watoto, kwa kubadilisha mafunzo ya maafisa ili askari wetu waweze kushughulika vizuri na hali halisi ya maeneo ya mapigano ya kisasa na kwa kubadilisha mawazo yetu juu ya asili ya mapigano yenyewe. "Kama kitabu chake cha kwanza, kitabu hiki cha kwanza kinaonyesha jinsi ya kukabiliana na matatizo ya kiroho, na kinaweza kufanana na kitabu cha Joan Didion, ""The Year of Magical Thinking,"" na kitabu cha William Styron, ""Darkness Visible.""" Mimi ni Fine na Wala Wewe ni na Camille Pagán "Mke. Mama yangu. Mtoaji wa chakula. Penelope Ruiz-Kar anafanya yote <unk> na kwa shida anaendelea pamoja. Wakati huohuo, rafiki yake wa karibu, Jenny Sweet, anaonekana kuwa akisafiri kwa meli kupitia maisha. Wanawake hao wawili ni karibu sana, ndoa ya Jenny ya shauku, nyumba safi, na mtoto mwenye adabu sana inatofautiana kabisa na mume wa Penelope, Sanjay, ambaye hana kazi, watoto wao wasio na nidhamu, na kazi ya kila siku anayoiita kazi. Kisha msiba wenye kushtua unafunua kwamba maisha ya Jenny hayana ukamilifu hata kidogo. Akiwa amechanganyikiwa, Penelope anaapa kuacha kudumisha amani na hatimaye kushughulika na masuala katika uhusiano wake. Kwa hiyo yeye na Sanjay wanakubaliana na pendekezo kali: wote wawili wataandika orodha ya mabadiliko wanayotaka kila mmoja afanye - kisha wajitahidi kuwa waaminifu kabisa na kamili. Jambo linaloonekana kuwa wazo zuri linapotea haraka, na kufunua migogoro mipya na hata siri zenye kina kirefu zaidi. "Penelope anapokabiliwa na uwezekano wa kuanguka kwa ndoa yake, lazima ajibu hivi: ""Je, kweli upendo ni jambo la kweli?" "Kutoka kwa Anthony Doerr, ""Mwanamke wa Kifaransa kipofu na mvulana wa Ujerumani ambao njia zao zinagongana katika Ufaransa iliyokamatwa wakati wote wawili wakijaribu kuishi uharibifu wa Vita vya Pili vya Ulimwengu.""" Marie-Laure anaishi Paris karibu na Jumba la Makumbusho la Historia ya Asili, ambako baba yake anafanya kazi. Wakati yeye ni kumi na mbili, Wanazi kuchukua Paris na baba na binti kukimbia kwa kuta ngome ya Saint-Malo, ambapo Marie-Laure ya reclusive mjomba mkubwa anaishi katika nyumba ya juu na bahari. Wakiwa pamoja nao wanabeba kile ambacho huenda kikawa kito chenye thamani zaidi na hatari zaidi cha jumba hilo la makumbusho. Katika mji wa madini nchini Ujerumani, Werner Pfenig, yatima, hukua na dada yake mdogo, akivutiwa na redio ya kawaida wanayoipata ambayo huwapelekea habari na hadithi kutoka maeneo ambayo hawajawahi kuona au kufikiria. Werner anakuwa mtaalamu wa kujenga na kurekebisha vyombo hivi vipya muhimu na anaandikishwa kutumia talanta yake kufuatilia upinzani. Kwa kuunganisha kwa ustadi maisha ya Marie-Laure na Werner, Doerr anaangazia njia, dhidi ya hali zote, watu wanajaribu kuwa wazuri kwa kila mmoja. "Mwanamke huyo aliwaambia waandishi wa habari kwamba ""Nilikuwa na PTSD kwa sababu ya kubakwa na pia kwa sababu ya kutoweza kukabiliana na maumivu hayo.""" 'Usaidizi wa kiakili ni hali ya kitiba. Inapaswa kutibiwa kama hali ya matibabu, haipaswi kupuuzwa, 'alisema. """Ninaapa kama ahadi leo, pamoja nanyi, ni mwaka 2020 na kwa miaka kumi ijayo na labda zaidi, nitawafanya wanasayansi wenye akili zaidi, madaktari, waganga wa akili, wanahisabati, madaktari wa ubongo, na maprofesa katika chumba kimoja na tutaenda kupitia kila tatizo moja kwa moja na tutaweza kutatua mgogoro huu wa afya ya akili.""" """Ninajua familia hizo na mashabiki wangu, na kila mtu huko alipata uzoefu mkubwa pia, ""Alisema Grande juu ya kuteseka dalili za PTSD." 'Ninahisi kama mimi hata haipaswi kuwa kuzungumza juu ya uzoefu wangu mwenyewe - kama mimi hata haipaswi kusema chochote.'"