‘Sagan-Ruby’ is the first grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) cultivar to be developed in Japan and is used for food, cosmetics, and other purposes owing to its favorable characteristics, such as the absence of harmful pesticides and its long shelf life. The desired qualities of grapefruit depend on the specific use, and these qualities are influenced by the metabolite composition of the fruits. However, little is known about the influence of the growing environment or harvest period on the metabolite composition of the ‘Sagan-Ruby’ grapefruit. Therefore, we harvested fruits that were grown either in a plastic house without artificial heating or outdoors with rain cover from December, 2014 to April, 2015, on a monthly basis, and we investigated the composition of the primary metabolites such as sugars, organic acids, and amino acids, in the juice and peel of the fruit using gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). We detected a total of 53 and 68 compounds in the juice and peel, respectively, and the first and second components of the principal component analyses of the detected metabolites of both juice and peel were associated with the growing environment and harvest period, respectively. Since we observed that glucose, fructose, sucrose, and citric acid were more concentrated in the juice of outdoor-grown fruits than in that of the house-grown fruits, especially in March and April, it is likely that the sweetness and acidity of the fruits are dependent on the growing environment. Similarly, the primary metabolite contents, including succinic acid and other organic acids, were higher in peels from outdoor-grown fruits. In addition, we also observed that the contents of proline, phenylalanine, and other amino acids in the juice increased continuously from December to April, and many sugars, including glucose and fructose, gradually decreased in peels from December to February and were lower from February to April. These results indicated that quality of the ‘Sagan-Ruby’ grapefruit varies with the harvest period.
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Plant Science
"Sagan-Ruby" ni aina ya kwanza ya matunda ya zabibu (Citrus paradisi) ambayo imebuniwa nchini Japani na hutumiwa kwa chakula, vipodozi, na madhumuni mengine kwa sababu ya sifa zake nzuri, kama vile kutokuwa na dawa za kuua wadudu na maisha yake marefu. Sifa za matunda ya zabibu hutegemea matumizi hususa, na sifa hizo huathiriwa na muundo wa metaboliti ya matunda. Hata hivyo, ni kidogo inayojulikana kuhusu ushawishi wa mazingira ya kukua au kipindi cha mavuno juu ya metabolite muundo wa <unk>Sagan-Ruby<unk> grapefruit. Kwa hivyo, tulivuna matunda yaliyopandwa ndani ya nyumba ya plastiki bila joto la bandia au nje na kifuniko cha mvua kutoka Desemba 2014 hadi Aprili 2015, kila mwezi, na tukachunguza muundo wa metabolites za msingi kama vile sukari, asidi za kikaboni na asidi za amino katika juisi na ganda la matunda kwa kutumia spectrometry ya wingi ya chromatography ya gesi (GCMS). Kwa jumla, viungo 53 na 68 viligunduliwa katika juisi na ganda, na sehemu ya kwanza na ya pili ya uchambuzi wa sehemu kuu ya metabolites zilizogunduliwa katika juisi na ganda zilihusishwa na mazingira ya kukua na kipindi cha mavuno. Kwa kuwa tuliona kwamba glukosi, fructose, sucrose, na asidi sitriki zilikuwa nyingi zaidi katika juisi ya matunda yaliyopandwa nje kuliko yale yaliyopandwa nyumbani, hasa katika mwezi wa Machi na Aprili, inawezekana kwamba ladha ya matunda hayo inategemea mazingira ya kukua. Kwa mfano, kiasi cha asidi ya succinic na asidi nyingine za kikaboni katika matunda yaliyopandwa nje ya nyumba ni kubwa. Kwa kuongezea, tuliona pia kwamba kiasi cha proline, phenylalanine, na asidi nyingine za amino katika juisi hiyo kiliongezeka kwa kuendelea kuanzia Desemba hadi Aprili, na sukari nyingi, ikiwa ni pamoja na glukosi na fructose, zilipungua hatua kwa hatua katika peels kuanzia Desemba hadi Februari na zilikuwa chini kutoka Februari hadi Aprili. Matokeo haya yalionyesha kwamba ubora wa "Sagan-Ruby" grapefruit hutofautiana na kipindi cha mavuno. Nambari zote za Classification ya Jarida la Sayansi (ASJC) - Sayansi ya Mimea