When you quote a source in your written work, you use quotation marks to mark the beginning and end of the quotation. If you forget the beginning or end marks, spell-check will flag the omission for you. But speakers often forget to provide the same guideposts in their oral presentations.
How Do I Know When the Quotation Ends?
Here’s what the lawyer said:
In Brown v. Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court said- Quote- The doctrine of separate but equal did not make its appearance in this Court until 1896 in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, involving not education but transportation. So why should this doctrine continue today?
Where did the quotation end? The speaker has not told us whether every word was in the court’s opinion or if some of this speech was the lawyer’s words. With no signal, it’s impossible to know.
Tell your listeners where quoted material ends by saying “end quote” or “close quote.” In the paragraph above, the first sentence was in the Brown opinion; the question was not.
What About Air Quotes?
You know air quotes. That’s when a speaker raises the speaker’s hands into the air, then extends and curls the second and third fingers, as if writing quotation marks on an ethereal document.
If you are giving a speech, and the audience is small enough to see you or you’re on a Jumbotron, air quotes might work. But the court reporter is sure going to have a hard time recording the proceedings if you do this in a deposition or in a hearing. “Let the record reflect that counsel has used air quotes as he mentions the store’s ‘careful precautions’” doesn’t really work.
Quotation or Quote? Getting Grammatical
The act of saying the quoted material is to quote it. “Quote” is a verb. The quoted material is a quotation. “Quotation” is a noun.
As with many other verbs in American usage, there has been a movement of verbs morphing into nouns, “ask” being perhaps the most dreadful example. So speakers often refer to a quotation as simply a quote.
Some dictionaries note the use of “quote” as a noun as an informal usage. Others give in to the trend and simply state that the definition of “quote” as a noun is “quotation.” Correct use of the word “quotation” is the better choice.
“Watch Your Thoughts, They Become Your Words”
This quotation (not “quote”) is part of a famous, longer one attributed to Lao Tzu, a Chinese philosopher who lived more than 2,500 years ago. We can take his admonition to be careful in our speech, including when we are referencing quotations.
When you signal to listeners that you are beginning a verbatim quotation, let them know when it ends, too. And reference quoted words as quotations.
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Unapotaja chanzo katika kazi yako iliyoandikwa, unatumia alama za kunukuu kuashiria mwanzo na mwisho wa nukuu. Kama kusahau mwanzo au mwisho alama, spell-check itaonyesha kutokuwapo kwa ajili yenu. Lakini mara nyingi wasemaji husahau kutoa miongozo hiyohiyo katika maonyesho yao ya mdomo. Ninawezaje kujua ni lini nukuu hiyo inamalizika? "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika kesi ya Brown v. Bodi ya Elimu, Mahakama Kuu ya Marekani ilisema: ""Mafundisho ya kutenganishwa lakini sawa hayakuonekana katika Mahakama hii hadi 1896 katika kesi ya Plessy v. Ferguson, ambayo haikuhusisha elimu bali usafiri.""" Kwa hiyo kwa nini fundisho hilo liendelee leo? Maneno hayo yalikoma wapi? Msemaji hajatwambia kama kila neno lilikuwa katika maoni ya mahakama au kama baadhi ya hotuba hii ilikuwa maneno ya mwanasheria. Bila ishara, haiwezekani kujua. "Kama unavyoona, ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano"" wa ""mfano""" Namna Gani Maneno ya Hewa? Unajua nukuu za hewa. Hiyo ni wakati msemaji huinua mikono ya msemaji hewani, kisha hupanua na kugeuza kidole cha pili na cha tatu, kana kwamba anaandika alama za nukuu kwenye hati isiyo na maana. Kama wewe ni kutoa hotuba, na watazamaji ni ndogo ya kutosha kukuona au wewe ni juu ya Jumbotron, quotes hewa inaweza kufanya kazi. Lakini mwandishi wa kesi ya mahakama atakuwa na wakati mgumu kurekodi kesi ikiwa utafanya hivyo katika taarifa au kusikilizwa. <unk>Hebu rekodi kuonyesha kwamba ushauri ametumia quotes hewa kama yeye anataja duka <unk> tahadhari makini <unk> haina kweli kazi. Maneno ya Kutoa au ya Kutoa? Kupata Grammatical Kitendo cha kusema nyenzo zilizotajwa ni kutaja. <unk>Quote<unk> ni kitenzi. Vifaa vilivyonukuliwa ni nukuu. <unk> Quotation<unk> ni jina. Kama ilivyo na vitenzi vingine vingi katika matumizi ya Marekani, kumekuwa na harakati ya vitenzi kubadilika kuwa majina, <unk>kuuliza<unk> kuwa labda mfano mbaya zaidi. Kwa hiyo mara nyingi wasemaji hurejezea nukuu kuwa nukuu tu. Baadhi ya kamusi kumbuka matumizi ya <unk>quote<unk> kama jina kama matumizi yasiyo rasmi. Wengine wanakubali mwenendo huo na kusema tu kwamba ufafanuzi wa <unk>quote<unk> kama jina ni <unk>quotation.<unk> Matumizi sahihi ya neno <unk>quotation<unk> ni chaguo bora. "Kumbuka, ""Mtazamo wako ni maneno yako"" ni msemo wa Lao Tzu, mwanafalsafa wa China aliyeishi zaidi ya miaka 2,500 iliyopita." Tunaweza kutumia shauri lake la kuwa waangalifu katika usemi wetu, kutia ndani tunapotaja nukuu. Unapowasilisha kwa wasikilizaji kwamba unaanza nukuu ya neno kwa neno, waambie pia inapoisha. Na rejea maneno yaliyonukuliwa kama nukuu. Kujiandikisha kwa Mwanasheria katika Kazi Kupata kweli mawazo mazuri kila siku kwa ajili ya mazoezi yako ya sheria: Kujiandikisha kwa Daily Dispatch (ni bure). Jarida la Uuzaji la Uuzaji kwa Wanasheria Kila kipengele cha jarida hili la kuongoza la kupendeza limebuniwa kukuhamasisha na kuweka juhudi zako za uuzaji kwenye njia. "Kutoka kwa Theda C. Snyder na Mwanasheria wa Kazi, ""Jarida la Uuzaji la Mwanasheria"" ni mahali pazuri pa kukamata mawazo yako yote mazuri, kuandika kazi zako za kila siku, maelezo na mafanikio, na kufuatilia maendeleo yako." Kuchukua udhibiti wa masoko yako na kuagiza jarida lako leo.