Different Types of Masonry Bonds| Stretcher Bond | Flemish Bond | English Bond
What is a Bond?/ Masonry Bonds
A bond is an arrangement of masonry units in successive causes to tie the masonry together, both longitudinally and transversely. The arrangement is usually worked out to ensure that no vertical joint of one course exactly over the one in the next course above are below it, and there is a maximum possible amount of lab
Bonding provides strength and stability to the brick structure. A properly bonded wall can receive a heavy load and will distribute the load over a large number of bricks, which in turn will distribute the load over a larger area of ground.
Structural Walls and Decorative Walls
Structural walls require some type of structural bond, while decorative walls may use any bond pattern.
Types of Masonry Bonds
There are many different types of brick bonds, and each has its own look, installation challenges, and structural consideration. Following different types of commonly used masonry bonds.
- Stretcher bond
- Header bond.
- English bond
- Flemish bond
A Stretcher Bond is a simple and easiest bond to work with and bricks are staggered by half brick from the course above and below in a classic one over two patterns.
All bricks are laid lengthwise, with the long sides facing out, recommended for walls of half brick wide.
An example; partition walls, it is used for cavity walls as less cutting is required. Ensures that no two adjacent vertical joints should be in line.
Header bonds are running bond patterns with intermittent courses of bricks laid with their hands facing out, often used for double thickness walls so that header bricks are flush on the ends with two stretchers laid side by side.
It does not have the strength to transmit pressure in the direction of the war length. It gives 23 centimeters thick wall with five centimeters lap in each course.
It takes a much greater number of bricks and is used for architectural purposes.
English bond in this bond even courses laid as stretcher course, while the odd course is laid as header course. English bond is easy in laying it down. It can be about an even course.
Queen closer is placed to get the finished look wherever required.
If the wall is one brick to brick and so on, there will be headers on the face and headers on the back of the wall in the same course. Similarly stretches on the face and stretches on the back of the wall in the same course. If the thickness of the wall is 1.5 brick and 2.5 brick and so on, there will be stretches on the face and headers on the back.
In Flemish bond the stretcher and head are laid alternatively, that is after each stretcher, one header is laid. A larger volume of bond mortar in Flemish bond type specimen produces lower strength Comparison to English style bond since mortar has lower resistance than break units. When we need 13.5-inch wall thickness and Flemish born then half bats are centrally located.
A large number of half bats are used in Flemish bond
Rat Trap Bond
In Rat trap bond bricks are laid on the edges. This safe smarter and breaks up to 20 to 30% without compromising with strength. Sometimes we use unusable aggregate are used to fill the gap between them.
For example, in 1 m cubed work, we need 375 bricks in this bond, but in English bond, we need 450 bricks normally used in green buildings.
Unless otherwise specified by the architect, the bonding of the brickwork shall be as follows;
- Walls of one brick thickness and over- English bond
- Walls of half brick thickness -stretcher bond
Key Points About Brick bonds
- The bricks are of uniforms size.
- The laying pattern of the bricks is uniformed throughout the wall.
- Half bricks are used as little as possible.
- The vertical joints are not continuous except at the stopped ends.
- The joints in every other course should be vertical over one another in the course.
Wall Types in Masonry Work.
Brick wall can be classified according to two types namely:
- Load bearing capacity
- Bricklaying pattern
They are further grouped into
- Half brick walls
- Full brick wall,
- One half brick wall
- Two brick walls
Half Brick Walls
Half brick wall referred to as 115 millimeters thick wall. The thickness of a wall equal to the thickness of a brick’s width. Ensure no two successive vertical joints fall in one line along with the height of the wall.
They’re generally used as internal partition walls.
Full Brick Walls
Full brick wall referred to as 230 millimeters thick wall. A wall having a thickness equal to the length of a brick. At the ending of the wall, a half-brick is used to avoid vertical joints falling in the same line.
These walls are used as external walls as it prevents moisture from seeping through the walls.
One Half Bricks Wall
One half brick wall referred to as a 14-inch-thick wall. It is a wall having a thickness equal to the length of 1.5 bricks.
The bricks are laid as one stretcher and one header courses alternately. In the stretcher course, one brick is laid as a stretcher forming one side of the wall, and every such stretcher holds a pair of headers that form the other side of the wall.
They are usually used as a load-bearing wall carrying the weight of a slab
Two Brick Wall
Two brick walls referred to as 18-inch-thick walls. It is a wall having a thickness equal to the length of two bricks.
The bricks are laid in one stretcher and one header courses alternately. In the stretcher course one brick each is laid as a stretcher at the front and the back of the wall and a pair of bricks is laid as headers between them.
They are usually used as a load-bearing wall carrying the weight of a slab. They are used for walls with a height greater than 12 ft, such as in godowns.
Load Bearing Capacity
A building is basically subjected to two types of loads, namely;
- Vertical loads on account of dead loads of materials used in construction, plus live loads due to occupancy,
- Lateral loads due to the wind and seismic forces. While all walls, in general, can take vertical loads, the ability of a wall to take lateral loads depends on its disposition in relation to the direction of lateral load.
Walls are differentiated into two types.
- Load Bearing Work
- Non-Load Bearing.
Load Bearing Wall.
It is a wall that will bear all the weight of the house. The materials used to construct load-bearing walls in large buildings are concrete block or brick.
It helps in separating spaces and also provides support for anything that is above them. It is the easiest form of construction
Non-Load Bearing Wall
It carries only its own weight. It is used to close in a steel or concrete frame building. It is usually carried by supports, normally steel shelf angles at each floor, and is called a panel wall.
Other types of walls include:
The other type of wall is a retaining wall, which is used to retain the natural soil pressure. Stability should be checked against sliding and overturning. Weep holes are provided to release the water pressure constructed at one number with three square meters of the surface area created filter is provided near the weep holes to prevent the drained off the earth particles.
A cavity wall is a wall that is constructed by providing a gap in between the thickness of either sided wall, which may differ. Usually, the cavity wall is constructed to get thermal insulation
Vifungo vya Masonry: Vifungo vya Stretcher, Vifungo vya Flemish, Vifungo vya Kiingereza, Vifungo vya Masonry, Vifungo vya Masonry, Vifungo vya Masonry, Vifungo vya Masonry, Vifungo vya Masonry, Vifungo vya Masonry, Vifungo vya Masonry. Kwa kawaida, utaratibu huu ni kazi nje ili kuhakikisha kwamba hakuna mviringo wima wa moja ya kozi hasa juu ya moja katika kozi ya pili juu ni chini yake, na kuna kiasi cha juu ya uwezekano wa bonding maabara hutoa nguvu na utulivu kwa muundo matofali. Ukuta uliounganishwa vizuri unaweza kupokea mzigo mzito na kugawa mzigo juu ya idadi kubwa ya matofali, ambayo kwa upande wake itagawanya mzigo juu ya eneo kubwa la ardhi. Kuta za muundo na kuta za mapambo Kuta za muundo zinahitaji aina fulani ya uhusiano wa muundo, wakati kuta za mapambo zinaweza kutumia muundo wowote wa uhusiano. Aina ya Masonry Bonds Kuna aina nyingi tofauti za matofali bonds, na kila mmoja ana kuangalia yake mwenyewe, changamoto ya ufungaji, na kuzingatia muundo. Kufuatia aina tofauti za kawaida kutumika masonry dhamana. - Ushirikiano wa stretcher - Ushirikiano wa kichwa. Stretcher Bond ni kifungo rahisi na rahisi kufanya kazi na matofali ni staggered na nusu matofali kutoka kozi juu na chini katika classic moja juu ya mifumo miwili. matofali yote ni kuweka longitudinally, na pande ndefu inakabiliwa nje, ilipendekezwa kwa ajili ya kuta ya nusu matofali upana. Mfano; kuta za mgawanyiko, hutumiwa kwa kuta za mashimo kwani kukata kidogo kunahitajika. Inahakikisha kwamba hakuna viungo viwili vya wima vinavyozunguka vinapaswa kuwa sawa. Header mabango ni mbio bond mifumo na intermittent kozi ya matofali kuweka na mikono yao inakabiliwa nje, mara nyingi kutumika kwa ajili ya kuta mbili unene hivyo kwamba header matofali ni flush juu ya ncha na stretchers mbili kuweka kando kando. Haina nguvu ya kupitisha shinikizo katika mwelekeo wa urefu wa vita. Inaweza kuwa na ukuta wa sentimita 23 na mzunguko wa sentimeta 5 katika kila kozi. Inahitaji matofali mengi zaidi na hutumiwa kwa makusudi ya usanifu-ujenzi. Kiingereza dhamana katika dhamana hii hata kozi kuweka kama stretcher kozi, wakati kozi isiyo ya kawaida ni kuweka kama kozi header. Mkataba wa Kiingereza ni rahisi katika kuweka chini. Inaweza kuwa kuhusu kozi sawa. Malkia karibu ni kuwekwa kupata kuangalia kumaliza popote inahitajika. Kama ukuta ni moja matofali kwa matofali na kadhalika, kutakuwa na vichwa juu ya uso na vichwa juu ya nyuma ya ukuta katika kozi moja. Vivyo hivyo stretches juu ya uso na stretches juu ya nyuma ya ukuta katika kozi hiyo. Ikiwa ukuta wa ukuta ni 1.5 brick na 2.5 brick na kadhalika, kutakuwa na mtiririko kwenye uso na vichwa vya nyuma. Katika kifungo cha Flemish, kitanda na kichwa huwekwa kwa kubadilishana, yaani baada ya kila kitanda, kichwa kimoja huwekwa. Kiasi kikubwa cha mchanganyiko wa mortar katika sampuli ya aina ya Bond ya Flemish inazalisha nguvu ya chini Ikilinganishwa na Bond ya mtindo wa Kiingereza kwani mortar ina upinzani wa chini kuliko vitengo vya kuvunja. Kwa mfano, ikiwa una kipenyo cha ukuta wa 13.5 inchi na umbo la Flemish, basi nusu ya vipande vya panya viko katikati. Nambari kubwa ya nusu popo ni kutumika katika Flemish dhamana Panya mtego dhamana Katika panya mtego dhamana matofali ni kuweka juu ya kingo. Hii ni salama zaidi na huvunja hadi 20% hadi 30% bila kuathiriwa na nguvu. Wakati mwingine, aggregate ya kutumiwa hutumiwa kujaza pengo kati yao. Kwa mfano, katika kazi ya 1m cubed, tunahitaji matofali 375 katika kifungo hiki, lakini katika kifungo cha Kiingereza, tunahitaji matofali 450 kwa kawaida kutumika katika majengo ya kijani. Kama si vinginevyo maalum na mbuni, bonding ya brickwork itakuwa kama ifuatavyo; - Kuta ya moja matofali unene na juu ya Kiingereza bond - Kuta ya nusu matofali unene - Stretcher bond pointi muhimu kuhusu matofali bonds - matofali ni ya ukubwa wa sare. - Mfano wa kuweka matofali ni sawa katika ukuta wote. - Vipande vya matofali hutumiwa kidogo iwezekanavyo. - viungo wima si kuendelea isipokuwa katika mwisho kusimamishwa. - viungo katika kila kozi nyingine inapaswa kuwa wima juu ya kila mmoja katika kozi. Aina za kuta katika kazi ya ujenzi. Kwa mfano, ukuta wa matofali unaweza kugawanywa katika aina mbili: uwezo wa kubeba mzigo, muundo wa matofali, ukuta wa matofali nusu, ukuta wa matofali nusu, ukuta wa matofali nusu, ukuta wa matofali nusu, ukuta wa matofali nusu, na ukuta wa matofali nusu. Unene wa ukuta sawa na unene wa upana wa matofali. Hakikisha hakuna viungo viwili vya wima vinavyofuata vinavyoanguka katika mstari mmoja pamoja na urefu wa ukuta. Wao ni kawaida kutumika kama kuta za ndani ya mgawanyiko. "Kutumia ""mashimo ya matofali"" kwa ajili ya kuta za matofali ya kawaida, kuna uwezekano wa kupanua ukutani wa milimita 230." Ukuta wenye unene sawa na urefu wa matofali. Mwishoni mwa ukuta, nusu- matofali hutumiwa ili kuepuka viungo vya wima vinavyoanguka katika mstari huo huo. Kuta hizi hutumiwa kama kuta za nje kwa sababu huzuia unyevu kutoka kuvuja kupitia kuta. "Kutoka kwa ""Mgogoro wa nusu ya matofali"" hadi ""Mgogo wa nusu ya matofali"" ni ""mgogo wa sentimeta 14.""" Ukuta huo una unene unaolingana na urefu wa matofali 1.5. matofali ni kuweka kama moja stretcher na moja header kozi mbadala. Katika njia ya stretcher, matofali moja huwekwa kama stretcher inayounda upande mmoja wa ukuta, na kila stretcher kama hiyo inashikilia jozi ya vichwa vinavyounda upande mwingine wa ukuta. Kwa kawaida, ukuta wa matofali hutumiwa kama ukuta wa kubeba mzigo unaobeba uzito wa slab mbili, na kuta mbili za matofali zinaitwa kuta zenye unene wa inchi 18. Ni ukuta wenye unene unaolingana na urefu wa matofali mawili. matofali ni kuweka katika moja stretcher na moja header kozi mbadala. Katika njia ya stretcher, kila matofali moja huwekwa kama stretcher mbele na nyuma ya ukuta na jozi ya matofali huwekwa kama vichwa kati yao. Kwa kawaida hutumiwa kama ukuta wenye kubeba mzigo unaobeba uzito wa slab. Inaweza kutumika kwa kuta zenye urefu wa zaidi ya mita 12, kama vile katika ghala. Load-bearing uwezo: Jengo ni kimsingi chini ya aina mbili za mizigo, yaani; Vertical mizigo kwa sababu ya mizigo ya wafu ya vifaa kutumika katika ujenzi, pamoja na mizigo kuishi kutokana na ukaaji, upande mizigo kutokana na upepo na nguvu seismic. Wakati kuta zote, kwa ujumla, inaweza kuchukua mizigo wima, uwezo wa ukuta kuchukua mizigo ya upande inategemea mpangilio wake kuhusiana na mwelekeo wa mzigo wa upande. Kuta zinatofautiana katika aina mbili. - Kazi ya kubeba mzigo - Non-Bringing mzigo. Ukuta wa Kubeba Mzigo. Ni ukuta ambao utashikilia uzito wote wa nyumba. Vifaa vinavyotumiwa kujenga kuta zenye kubeba mzigo katika majengo makubwa ni matofali au matofali. Inasaidia kutenganisha nafasi na pia hutoa msaada kwa chochote kilicho juu yao. Ni aina rahisi ya ujenzi wa ukuta usio na mzigo Unachukua uzito wake mwenyewe tu. Ni kutumika kufunga katika chuma au saruji sura ya jengo. Kwa kawaida huendeshwa na misingi, kwa kawaida pembe za rafu za chuma kwenye kila ghorofa, na huitwa ukuta wa jopo. Aina nyingine ya ukuta ni ukuta wa kuhifadhi, ambao hutumiwa kudumisha shinikizo la asili la udongo. Utulivu unapaswa kuchunguzwa dhidi ya kuteleza na kugeuka. Vituo vya kulia vinapatikana ili kuondoa shinikizo la maji lililojengwa kwa idadi moja na mita tatu za mraba za eneo la uso ulioundwa, na kichujio kinapatikana karibu na mashimo ya kulia ili kuzuia chembe za maji kutoka kwa ardhi. Ukuta wa cavity ni ukuta ambao hutengenezwa kwa kutoa pengo kati ya unene wa ukuta wa pande zote mbili, ambayo inaweza kutofautiana. Kwa kawaida, ukuta wa shimo hujengwa ili kupata insulation ya joto