The human gut microbiota makes fundamental contributions to host metabolism and immune system. Therefore, perturbations in its composition, a process known as dysbiosis, have an important role in the development of several chronicle diseases, mainly intestinal inflammatory disorders. Culture-independent molecular methods are allowing scientific community to uncover substantive findings, thus giving a more detailed description of the human intestinal microbiota. This chapter presents a review on current metagenomic approaches, based on next-generation sequencing technologies, for investigating bacterial taxonomic classification and predictive function associated with the human gut in health and disease. In this context, we describe recent studies that have been trying to elucidate important alterations in microbiome composition across individuals according to delivery mode, aging, diet and medication that might be linked to susceptibility to immune-mediated diseases. A description of the main bacterial taxa and genes acting in dysbiosis during inflammation, focusing on chronic inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer, is also explored in this chapter.
Part of the book: Metagenomics for Gut Microbes
Microbiota ya matumbo ya binadamu inachangia sana kimetaboliki ya mwenyeji na mfumo wa kinga. Kwa hiyo, usumbufu katika muundo wake, mchakato unaojulikana kama dysbiosis, una jukumu muhimu katika maendeleo ya magonjwa kadhaa ya muda mrefu, hasa magonjwa ya uchochezi wa matumbo. Mbinu za molekuli zisizo na utamaduni zinaruhusu jamii ya kisayansi kufunua matokeo muhimu, na hivyo kutoa maelezo ya kina zaidi ya microbiota ya matumbo ya binadamu. "Sura hii inatoa ukaguzi wa mbinu za sasa za metagenomic, kulingana na teknolojia za mfululizo wa kizazi kijacho, kwa uchunguzi wa uainishaji wa taxonomic ya bakteria na kazi ya utabiri inayohusiana na utumbo wa binadamu katika afya na ugonjwa. """ Katika muktadha huu, tunaelezea masomo ya hivi karibuni ambayo yamekuwa yakijaribu kuelezea mabadiliko muhimu katika muundo wa microbiome katika watu kulingana na njia ya utoaji, kuzeeka, chakula na dawa ambazo zinaweza kuhusishwa na unyeti kwa magonjwa ya kinga. Maelezo ya takson na jeni kuu za bakteria zinazofanya kazi katika dysbiosis wakati wa uvimbe, zikizingatia magonjwa ya uvimbe wa uvimbe wa uvimbe na kansa ya colorectal, pia huchunguzwa katika sura hii. Sehemu ya kitabu: Metagenomics kwa ajili ya gut Microbes