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But the researchers teased out more – different self-talk cues work differently in different situations. For tasks requiring fine skills or for improving technique “instructional self-talk”, such as a technical instruction (“elbow-up” which Hatzigeorgiadis coaches beginner freestyle swimmers to say) is more effective than ‘motivational self-talk’ (e.g., “give it all”), which seems to be more effective in tasks requiring strength or endurance, boosting confidence and psyching-up for competition. Thus, we should carefully design the self-talk athletes use according to needs.
Some other findings are that self-talk has a greater effect on tasks involving fine skills (such as sinking a golf ball) rather than gross skills (e.g., cycling); probably because self-talk is a technique which mostly improves concentration. Self-talk is more effective for novel tasks rather than well-learned tasks; because it is easier to improve at the early steps of learning. Nevertheless, both beginners and experienced athletes can benefit, especially when they practice the self-talk technique.
Most important, says Hatzigeorgiadis, is that athletes train to self-talk—they prepare their scripts and use them consistently in training under varying conditions to better prepare themselves for competition.
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Lakini watafiti walichunguza zaidi - ishara tofauti za kujieleza hufanya kazi kwa njia tofauti katika hali tofauti. Kwa kazi zinazohitaji ujuzi mzuri au kuboresha mbinu, mazungumzo ya kujifundisha, kama vile maagizo ya kiufundi (kuinua kiwiko ambacho Hatzigeorgiadis anawafundisha waogeleaji wa freestyle wa mwanzoni kusema) ni ufanisi zaidi kuliko mazungumzo ya kujifurahisha (kwa mfano, kutoa yote), ambayo inaonekana kuwa na ufanisi zaidi katika kazi zinazohitaji nguvu au uvumilivu, kuongeza ujasiri na psyching-up kwa mashindano. Kwa hiyo, tunapaswa kubuni kwa uangalifu mazungumzo ya kibinafsi ambayo wanariadha hutumia kulingana na mahitaji. Utafiti huo pia ulionyesha kuwa kujieleza kuna athari kubwa kwa kazi zinazohusisha ujuzi mzuri (kama vile kuzama mpira wa gofu) badala ya ujuzi mbaya (kwa mfano, baiskeli), labda kwa sababu kujieleza ni mbinu ambayo inaboresha mkusanyiko. Kuzungumza na mwenyewe ni bora kwa kazi mpya kuliko kazi zilizofundishwa vizuri, kwa sababu ni rahisi kuboresha katika hatua za mapema za kujifunza. Hata hivyo, wanariadha wapya na wenye uzoefu wanaweza kufaidika, hasa wanapozoeza mbinu ya kujieleza. Hatzigeorgiadis anasema, ni muhimu zaidi kwamba wanariadha hujifunza kujieleza - wao huandaa maandishi yao na kuyatumia kwa uthabiti katika mafunzo chini ya hali tofauti ili kujitayarisha vizuri kwa mashindano. Kujiunga na zaidi ya wasomaji 180,000 Kupata bure kila wiki update kupitia barua pepe hapa.