The upper surface of the tongue is covered by the taste buds. Viewed microscopically, the papillae look like a forest. Individuals with “black hairy tongue” merely have a taller-than-normal forest of papillae. The extra height comes from an accumulation of keratin, which is the chief protein found in hair and skin. Normally, keratin sloughs continuously and gradually from mucous membranes and skin. In people with black hairy tongue, not enough keratin is sloughed off or too much keratin is being produced at the surface of the tongue.
No one knows for certain what causes black hairy tongue, but there are several well-known associations. Black hairy tongue is fairly common among smokers. It is also sometimes seen following treatment with antibiotics. Other associations with black hairy tongue include radiation therapy to the mouth, poor oral hygiene, frequent use of strong mouthwashes and frequent use of antacids.
In most cases, black hairy tongue is more of a cosmetic problem than a functional problem.
Conditions that suggest Black Tongue
Absence of black tongue
Risk factors for Black Tongue
History of black tongue
Black Tongue suggests the following may be present
Recommendations for Black Tongue
Some folks with black hairy tongue also have bad breath and/or a bad taste in the mouth. The usual recommended treatment is to eliminate possible causal factors, and scrape or brush the tongue on a regular basis.
|Weak or unproven link
|Strong or generally accepted link
|Proven definite or direct link
|Very strongly or absolutely counter-indicative
|May do some good
Compounds composed of hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen present in the body and in foods that form complex combinations of amino acids. Protein is essential for life and is used for growth and repair. Foods that supply the body with protein include animal products, grains, legumes, and vegetables. Proteins from animal sources contain the essential amino acids. Proteins are changed to amino acids in the body.
The membranes, such as the mouse, nose, anus, and vagina, that line the cavities and canals of the body which communicate with the air.
Neutralizes acid in the stomach, esophagus, or first part of the duodenum.
Sehemu ya juu ya ulimi imefunikwa na matumbo ya ladha. Zikitazamwa kwa darubini, papillae hizo huonekana kama msitu. Watu wenye "ulimi wenye nywele nyeusi" wana tu msitu wa nywele mrefu kuliko wa kawaida. Urefu wa nywele huongezeka kwa sababu ya keratin, protini inayopatikana kwenye nywele na ngozi. Kwa kawaida, keratin hutoka kwa uthabiti na hatua kwa hatua kutoka kwenye utando wa utando na ngozi. Kwa watu wenye ulimi mweusi wenye nywele, keratin haipatikani kwa kutosha au keratin nyingi sana hutokezwa kwenye uso wa ulimi. Hakuna anayejua kwa hakika ni nini husababisha ulimi wenye nywele nyeusi, lakini kuna ushirika kadhaa unaojulikana sana. Ulimi wenye nywele nyeusi ni wa kawaida sana miongoni mwa wavutaji sigareti. Pia nyakati nyingine huonekana baada ya kutibiwa kwa viuavijasumu. Miongoni mwa dalili za ulimi mweusi wenye nywele ni matibabu ya radiation katika mdomo, usafi duni wa mdomo, matumizi ya mara kwa mara ya maji ya kuosha mdomo na matumizi ya mara kwa mara ya dawa za kuzuia asidi. Katika visa vingi, ulimi wenye nywele nyeusi ni tatizo la urembo kuliko tatizo la utendaji. Kwa sababu ya hali ya ulimi mweusi, kuna uwezekano wa kuwa na dalili za ulimi mweusi, na kwa sababu ya hali ya ulimi mweusi, kuna uwezekano wa kuwa na dalili za ulimi mweusi, na kuna uwezekano wa kuwa na dalili za ulimi mweusi. Matibabu ya kawaida yanayopendekezwa ni kuondoa visababishi vinavyoweza kusababisha ugonjwa huo, na kukata au kupiga mswaki ulimi kwa ukawaida. "Hii ni ""kiungo dhaifu au kisichothibitishwa"" - kiungo chenye nguvu au kinachokubaliwa kwa ujumla - kiungo kilichoonyeshwa kabisa au cha moja kwa moja - kiashiria kikuu au kikamilifu cha kupinga - inaweza kufanya baadhi ya misombo iliyoundwa na hidrojeni, oksijeni, na nitrojeni iliyopo mwilini na katika vyakula vinavyounda mchanganyiko tata wa asidi za amino." Protini ni muhimu kwa uhai na hutumiwa kwa ajili ya ukuzi na kurekebisha. Vyakula vinavyotoa protini kwa mwili hutia ndani bidhaa za wanyama, nafaka, mboga, na mboga. Protini kutoka kwa wanyama zina asidi za amino muhimu. Protini hubadilishwa kuwa asidi za amino mwilini. Mifupa ya mwili (mchwa, pua, pua, na vagina) ni sehemu ya mwili ambayo huunganisha hewa na mwili. Inasafisha asidi katika tumbo, mkojo, au sehemu ya kwanza ya utumbo wa kumi na mbili.