Article 8 of ECHR: Right of Private & Family l...
Article 8 of ECHR: Right of Private & Family life
The European Convention on Human Rights has defined and deals with a number of basic rights that are guaranteed to every individual irrespective of their race, religion, nationality or membership of a particular social group, who resides within the boundaries of the countries belonging to the Council of Europe (There are 46 member countries including 26 member states of European Union).
The ECHR provides a list of fundamental human rights each of them enshrined in separate Articles of section 1 while other sections deals with the establishment of European Court of Human Rights and miscellaneous provisions.
Article 8 deals with the right of private and family life of every person living within the premises of the Council of Europe and is more relevant in relation to the Immigration decisions taken by the public authorities of the member states.
- What is Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights?
- Every one has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.
- There shall be no interference by a public authority with the exercise of this right except such as is in accordance with the law and is necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security, public safety or the economic wellbeing of the country, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals, or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others.
- Who can claim right to live / remain in a member state on the basis of establishment of right of private & family life?Any person, who has established his private and family life successfully in the UK and can provide evidence to that effect, can claim right to remain in the UK on that basis alone no matter whether he qualifies under the domestic law to remain in the UK or not. The person can be:
- An overstayer
- Illegal entrant
- Asylum seeker
- Failed asylum seeker
- Any one having no claim under the Immigration rules or EEA regulations to live and remain here in the UK.
- Criteria for assessing a valid claim under Article 8A family life can be established in the following relationships:
- Close family relations
- Husband / wife or Civil Partnerships
- Unmarried and Same sex Partners (there is no requirement for them to have at least 2 years of relationship as they are required to do so to qualify under the Immigration rules).
- Parent / Child / Adopted Child
- Wider Family relations
- Grandparents/ Grandchildren
- Uncles / Aunts
- Nephews / Nieces
- Adult Siblings
- Parents / Adult Children
- Foster Families
- Has the applicant established family or private life in the UK?
- Will refusal / removal interfere with that family life – are there insurmountable obstacles to the family enjoying family life elsewhere?
- If there is interference with family life, is it in accordance with the law?
- Is the interference in pursuit of one of the permissible aims set out under Article 8(2)?
- Is the interference proportionate to the permissible aim?
- Nature of relationship
- Are there any minor children in the relationship?
- Frequency of contact with the relatives
- Is there any dependency involved in the relationship?
- Applicant`s and his family members` countries of nationality & immigration status.
- Family members` ties with the UK
- Applicant`s ties with his country of origin
- Are there any health or other welfare issues involved?
- Availability of entry clearance facilities in the country of origin
- Has there been a delay in determining an earlier immigration application?
- Would there be any effects on the family living in the UK of the removal of the applicant?
- Close family relations
- ConclusionOn the face of it, Article 8 may appear to be another reason to stay in the UK on the basis of establishment of private and family life, but in fact it is only in “truly and exceptional” cases that applicants are permitted to remain in the UK.In addition to the Human Rights Act 1998, Judicial precedents has been another source of law to interpret, set, explain and enforce the procedures that have to be followed while considering Human rights claims. It has not ended yet and is still undergoing further developments that would make the vague procedures much clearer.
"Kifungu cha 8 cha ECHR: ""Haki ya kibinafsi na ya familia""" Mkataba wa Ulaya wa Haki za Binadamu (ECHR) unatoa haki za msingi kwa kila mtu, bila kujali jamii, dini, utaifa au uanachama wa kikundi fulani cha kijamii, ambaye anaishi ndani ya mipaka ya nchi wanachama wa Baraza la Ulaya. ECHR hutoa orodha ya haki za msingi za binadamu, kila moja yao imewekwa katika Makala tofauti za sehemu ya 1, wakati sehemu nyingine zinashughulikia uanzishwaji wa Mahakama ya Ulaya ya Haki za Binadamu na masharti mengine. "Kifungu cha 8 kinahusu haki ya maisha ya kibinafsi na ya familia ya kila mtu anayeishi ndani ya jengo la Baraza la Ulaya na ni muhimu zaidi kuhusiana na maamuzi ya uhamiaji yaliyochukuliwa na mamlaka ya umma ya nchi wanachama.""" Ni nini kifungu cha 8 cha Mkataba wa Ulaya wa Haki za Binadamu? Kila mtu ana haki ya kuheshimiwa kwa maisha yake binafsi na ya familia, nyumba yake na barua yake. - Hakuna uingiliaji wa mamlaka ya umma katika utumiaji wa haki hii isipokuwa kama ilivyo sawa na sheria na ni muhimu katika jamii ya kidemokrasia kwa maslahi ya usalama wa kitaifa, usalama wa umma au ustawi wa kiuchumi wa nchi, kwa kuzuia machafuko au uhalifu, kwa ulinzi wa afya au maadili, au kwa ulinzi wa haki na uhuru wa wengine. Mtu yeyote ambaye ameweka maisha yake ya kibinafsi na ya familia kwa mafanikio nchini Uingereza na anaweza kutoa ushahidi wa athari hiyo, anaweza kudai haki ya kukaa nchini Uingereza kwa msingi huo tu, bila kujali kama anastahili chini ya sheria ya ndani ya Uingereza. Mtu anaweza kuwa: - overstayer - mgeni haramu - mwombaji wa hifadhi - mwombaji wa hifadhi aliyeshindwa - mtu yeyote asiye na madai chini ya sheria za uhamiaji au kanuni za EEA kuishi na kubaki hapa nchini Uingereza. "Mipaka ya kutathmini madai halali chini ya kifungu cha 8A ya maisha ya familia inaweza kuanzishwa katika mahusiano yafuatayo: ""Mahusiano ya karibu ya familia, mume, mke au ushirikiano wa kiraia, washirika wasioolewa na wa jinsia moja (hakuna mahitaji ya kuwa na angalau miaka miwili ya uhusiano, kwani wanahitaji kufanya hivyo ili kuhitimu chini ya sheria za uhamiaji)." - Wazazi, watoto waliopitishwa, uhusiano wa familia - Babu, nyanya, wajukuu, wajukuu, wajukuu, ndugu na dada wazima, wazazi, watoto wazima, familia za kulea - Je, mwombaji ameanzisha maisha ya familia au ya kibinafsi nchini Uingereza? - Je, kukataa kuondolewa kuingilia maisha hayo ya familia <unk> kuna vizuizi visivyoweza kushindwa kwa familia kufurahia maisha ya familia mahali pengine? - Ikiwa kuna kuingiliwa katika maisha ya familia, je, ni kulingana na sheria? - Je, kuingiliwa ni kufuatilia moja ya malengo ya kuruhusiwa zilizotajwa chini ya kifungu cha 8 (2)? - Je, kuingiliwa ni sawa na lengo linaloruhusiwa? - Hali ya uhusiano - Je, kuna watoto wadogo katika uhusiano? - Mzunguko wa mawasiliano na jamaa - Je, kuna utegemezi wowote unaohusika katika uhusiano huo? -Mtafutaji na wanachama wa familia yake nchi ya utaifa na hali ya uhamiaji. - Uhusiano wa familia na Uingereza - Uhusiano wa mwombaji na nchi yake ya asili - Je, kuna masuala yoyote ya afya au ustawi mwingine yanayohusika? - Upatikanaji wa vifaa vya idhini ya kuingia katika nchi ya asili - Je, kumekuwa na kuchelewa katika kuamua ombi la uhamiaji la awali? - Je, kutolewa kwa mwombaji kungekuwa na athari yoyote kwa familia inayoishi nchini Uingereza? "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika sheria ya Uingereza, ""Kifungu cha 8 kinaweza kuonekana kuwa sababu nyingine ya kukaa nchini Uingereza kwa msingi wa kuanzisha maisha ya kibinafsi na ya familia, lakini kwa kweli ni tu katika kesi za kweli na za kipekee ambazo waombaji wanaruhusiwa kukaa nchini Uingereza.""" Haijaisha bado na bado inapitia maendeleo zaidi ambayo yangefanya taratibu zisizo wazi wazi zaidi.