My career choice is public accountant. My choice is highly influenced by the passion I have for working with numbers. My second choice career is internal auditing .it is closely related to accountancy. Both the careers entail working with the numbers. Accountancy is a career which involves communicating, summarizing, classifying, interpreting and presenting financial position about an enterprise to the management, auditors, owners or the shareholders. Strong accounting foundation is important when it comes to running successful businesses. Every business needs a book keeper, accountant or a chief finance officer. Internal auditors can assist police in white collar crimes since they can comfortably do forensic accounting. They can work with lawyer as professional witnesses in fraud cases. Government accountants maintain tract of public funds by maintaining records.
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Public accountants work for public accounting companies. Their major tasks are to do the actual accounting, tax and consultancy work. Accountants use financial statements to show in monetary terms the resources under direct control of the organization. According to Drake, P et al (2011), accounting is a study of how organizations track their assets, capital, and liabilities over time. It involves computing cost and capital gains from the capital. An accountant participates in strategies for mergers and acquisitions. Many accountants ends up being the chief finance officers(CFOs).this is because they have the best understanding of what drives the business and profits in an organization. According to careers in accounting website (2009) bureau of statistics projects 16% increase in job positions by 2016.the future of accounting is bright.
Internal auditors are also known as Auditors, Fraud Investigators, Inspectors, and Investigators among other names. They frequently measure the level of compliance of the company with its policies and objectives. They advise the management on how to better execute their policies. They tend to improve the reliability of financial reporting, preventing and investigating fraud and safeguard company assets.
People planning to be accountants and auditors should have an aptitude for mathematics .they should have good communication skills since the career entails communicating results to clients, management, shareholders and governments among others. They should be excellent when it comes to working with people, business systems and computers. Accountants should have unquestionable level of integrity.
Educational requirement and certifications
Most job vacancies requires at least a bachelors degree in accounting or related field .if you want to practice accounting and auditing in government, the requirement is 4 years of college in accounting or auditing with some experience. Since 2007 42 states and Washington DC requires all the CPAs to have successfully completed 150 semester hours of college course work. Many colleges have harmonized their curriculum to be in line with the law.
Some organizations require masters’ degree in accounting or business administration with accounts as your major. A certified public accountant (CPA) is a popular requirement for big corporations. CPA’s exam is divided into four parts in all states .examination is prepared by AICPA(American institute of public accountants).majority of states require one pass all the four other parts within 1year six months.
Other additional requirements may include certified internal auditor (CIA) exam and the certification in control self assessment (CSA).CPA holders are licensed by state board of accountancy. The internal auditors are licensed by Certified Internal Auditor (CIA). Accountants who have passed in their exams and have met requirements needed by the state where they practice can become certified public accountants. However for renewal of licenses, one is required to have completed certain number of hours of continuing professional .the umbrella professional bodies for accountants organizes seminars, courses and continuing education programs.
Other certifications provide a CPA and internal auditors with an advantage. These certifications are found in many accredited colleges. They include; the Certified Management Accountant (CMA),), the Certified Fraud Examiner (CFE), Certified Government Financial Manager (CGFM), Accredited in Business Valuation (ABV), Certified Information Technology Professional (CITP), or Personal Financial Specialist (PFS) designations, Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA), Accredited Tax Preparer (ATP), Accredited Tax Advisor (ATA), Accredited Business Accountant (ABA).
These programs are marketable. They put the accountants and auditors at the highest edge of landing a high paying job. Some of these programs depend on the field one want to specialize with. Most of these professional societies require applicants to have at least 2 years working experience, pass a for part examination, agree to meet continuing education requirements and comply with professional conduct.
Graduate schools test permit students from different colleges and universities with different grading system to be compared. Applicants to graduate schools school finish GRE which tests verbal, quantitative and analytical abilities. GMAT test verbal, quantitative and analytical reasoning but it is designed to address the needs of business schools. Many institutions review accountants GMAT score for employment.GRE is accepted in many business programs in business schools. it is simple to prepare science it has easier grading curve and the applicant does not waste a lot of time in preparation.GRE is easier than GMAT. There are institutions such as Manhattan review in New York which assist students to revise for their GMAT and GRE examinations. They have state of art facilities.
Just like doctors and other professionals, CPAs and internal auditors should adhere the code of conduct. They should maintain high level of integrity. They should represent the interest of their clients. They should obey the bylaws set by their professional bodies.
According to BLS government website (2010), public accountants work 40 to 50 hours a week. According to Telberg, R (2007), accountants spend more time at work related activities at the expense of their families. Some carry their work with them to vacations and home. Many accountants have reported to CPA review website (2012), that during the busy season, they can work up to 70 to 80 billable hours. Internal auditors have long working hour’s .their day typically starts from 8am to 5pm.they work up to
CPAs maintain and audit organizations financial books. They also have knowledge bin book keeping, taxes, government audit and financial planning. They oversee the budgets and financial management. They ensure that they financial records are accurate and up to date. They also keep track of investments, expenditures and revenue generated by an organization.
They research and analyze company’s financial reports. They also create financial plan for the company. They also suggest way companies could save the money. They file tax reports of a company. CPAs help organizations to develop a strategy to legally minimize the amount of tax they owe the government.
Many CPAs tend to be self employed therefore they hire staffs and manage businesses. Freelance CPAs can assist potential business owners develop business plans and get funds to start the same.
Internal auditors appraise the organization’s internal control system to see whether they are in harmony with state laws, the organization’s objective. They liaise with both the external auditors and the Comptroller and Auditor General. They Recommend and advise the company on value for money and efficiency improvements.
According to the BLS, http://www.bls.gov (2012), Salary depends on a number of factors namely: the CPA’s educational background, years of experience, and the company he is working for. CPAs take home $50,770 per year. CPAs with one to two years of experience may be remunerated lower amounts. And those working for large corporations like coca cola are paid higher salaries. Partners in public accounting firms can earn around $175,000 a year. CPAs enjoys an array of benefits, which includes all expenses paid for vacations, health and life insurance, and pension benefits. Internal auditors take an average of $81000 per year. Manager internal auditors earn up to $100000 per year. The level of salary depends with the level of experience and the company one is working for.
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Job Satisfaction and Lifestyle of CPA and Internal Auditor
CPA and internal auditing are among of the careers which demand a lot of time. Some the accountants and internal auditors carry their work with them to home. During peak season they work long hours and sleep at least 4hours.they enjoy free vacations pension benefits. Their high income guarantees them a high living standard. Some accountants and auditors receive pay rise every year. Others enjoy up to 3 weeks vacations. It is one of the professions where there are no complains. The job opportunities are there. As a matter of fact it has been projected that the job opportunities for CPAs will rise by 22%.according to CNN money website (2012), it is number 9 in the 100 most lucrative jobs in business section in USA. They enjoy personal satisfaction from their careers .accounting profession make one to enjoy prestige and respect from the society since it is perceived to be hard than other professions.
Both careers are lucrative prefer my first career choice more. I am planning to do what it takes to realize my dream of pursuing accountancy.
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Uchaguzi wangu wa kazi ni mhasibu wa umma. Uchaguzi wangu unaathiriwa sana na shauku ninayo ya kufanya kazi na namba. Kazi yangu ya pili ni ukaguzi wa ndani. Inahusiana sana na uhasibu. Kazi zote mbili huhusisha kufanya kazi na namba. Uhasibu ni kazi ambayo inahusisha kuwasiliana, kuelezea, kutofautisha, kutafsiri na kuwasilisha hali ya kifedha ya biashara kwa usimamizi, wakaguzi, wamiliki au wanahisa. Msingi imara wa uhasibu ni muhimu linapokuja kuendesha biashara ya mafanikio. Kila biashara inahitaji mhifadhi wa vitabu, mhasibu au afisa mkuu wa fedha. Wakaguzi wa ndani wanaweza kusaidia polisi katika uhalifu wa kola nyeupe kwa kuwa wanaweza kufanya uhasibu wa forensic kwa urahisi. Wanaweza kufanya kazi na mwanasheria kama mashahidi wa kitaalamu katika kesi za udanganyifu. Wahasibu wa serikali huhifadhi rekodi za fedha za umma kwa kuweka rekodi. Ikiwa unahitaji msaada wa kuandika insha yako, huduma yetu ya kitaalamu ya kuandika insha iko hapa kusaidia. Kazi zao kuu ni kufanya kazi halisi ya uhasibu, kodi na ushauri. Wahasibu hutumia taarifa za kifedha kuonyesha kwa maneno ya fedha rasilimali chini ya udhibiti wa moja kwa moja wa shirika. Kulingana na Drake, P et al (2011), uhasibu ni utafiti wa jinsi mashirika yanavyofuatilia mali zao, mtaji, na dhima kwa muda. Ni inahusisha mahesabu ya gharama na faida ya mtaji kutoka mtaji. Mhasibu hushiriki katika mikakati ya kuunganisha na ununuzi. Wanasayansi wengi wanafanya kazi kama maafisa wakuu wa fedha (CFO) kwa sababu wanaelewa vizuri zaidi kile kinachoendesha biashara na faida katika shirika. Kulingana na utafiti wa Biashara ya Uhasibu, Bureau of Statistics, kuna uwezekano wa kuongezeka kwa nafasi za kazi kwa asilimia 16 kufikia mwaka 2016. Wakaguzi wa ndani pia wanajulikana kama Wakaguzi, Wachunguzi wa Udanganyifu, Wakaguzi, na Wachunguzi kati ya majina mengine. Wao mara nyingi kupima kiwango cha kufuata ya kampuni na sera zake na malengo. Wao kushauri usimamizi juu ya jinsi ya kutekeleza vizuri sera zao. Wao huwa na kuboresha kuegemea ya ripoti ya kifedha, kuzuia na kuchunguza udanganyifu na kulinda mali ya kampuni. Wanasayansi wa uhasibu na uhasibu wana uwezo wa kuwasiliana na wateja wao, pamoja na kuwasiliana na wateja, usimamizi, wanahisa na serikali. Wanapaswa kuwa bora linapokuja suala la kufanya kazi na watu, mifumo ya biashara na kompyuta. Wahasibu wanapaswa kuwa na kiwango cha uadilifu kisicho na shaka. Mahitaji ya elimu na vyeti: Kazi nyingi za kazi zinahitaji angalau shahada ya kwanza katika uhasibu au uwanja unaohusiana, ikiwa unataka kufanya mazoezi ya uhasibu na ukaguzi katika serikali, mahitaji ni miaka minne ya chuo kikuu katika uhasibu au ukaguzi na uzoefu fulani. Tangu mwaka 2007, Washington DC na majimbo 42 yanahitaji CPAs wote kuwa na mafanikio kukamilika 150 saa ya muhula wa kazi ya chuo. Vyuo vingi vimepatanisha mtaala wao ili upate kufuata sheria. Baadhi ya mashirika kuhitaji shahada ya uzamili katika uhasibu au usimamizi wa biashara na akaunti kama kuu yako. Mhasibu wa umma aliyehitimu (CPA) ni mahitaji maarufu kwa mashirika makubwa. Mtihani wa CPA umegawanywa katika sehemu nne katika majimbo yote.Mtihani huo umepangwa na AICPA (American Institute of Public Accountants) na majimbo mengi yanahitaji mtu kupitisha sehemu zote nne ndani ya miezi sita ya mwaka mmoja. Mtihani wa Mhasibu wa Ndani (CIA) na vyeti vya Uhakiki wa Usimamizi (CSA) ni vyeti vya kitaifa vya uhasibu. Mapitio ya ndani ni leseni na Certified Internal Mapitio (CIA). Wahajiri ambao wamepitisha mitihani yao na wamekidhi mahitaji yanayohitajika na serikali ambapo wanafanya mazoezi wanaweza kuwa wahasibu wa umma waliothibitishwa. Kwa hivyo, kwa ajili ya upyaji wa leseni, mtu anahitaji kuwa amemaliza idadi fulani ya masaa ya kuendelea kitaaluma.Mashirika ya kitaaluma ya mwavuli kwa wahasibu huandaa semina, kozi na programu za elimu ya kuendelea. Vyanzo vingine vya vyeti hutoa faida kwa CPA na wakaguzi wa ndani. Vyeti hivi hupatikana katika vyuo vikuu vingi vilivyoidhinishwa. Mtaalamu wa Uhasibu wa Usimamizi (CMA) ni mtaalamu wa uhasibu wa serikali (CFA), mtaalamu wa uhasibu wa serikali (CFA), mtaalamu wa uhasibu wa biashara (ABA), mtaalamu wa uhasibu wa biashara (CSA), mtaalamu wa uhasibu wa biashara (ATP), mtaalamu wa uhasibu wa biashara (ATP), mtaalamu wa uhasibu wa biashara (ATP). Programu hizo zinaweza kuuzwa. Wanasema kuwa wataalamu wa uhasibu na wa auditing ndio wanaohitajika zaidi katika kufanikiwa kupata kazi ya kulipwa vizuri. Baadhi ya programu hizi hutegemea uwanja ambao mtu anataka kuwa mtaalamu. Jamii nyingi za kitaaluma zinahitaji waombaji kuwa na angalau miaka miwili ya uzoefu wa kazi, kupitisha mtihani wa sehemu, kukubali kukidhi mahitaji ya elimu ya kuendelea na kufuata mwenendo wa kitaaluma. Shule za kuhitimu mtihani kuruhusu wanafunzi kutoka vyuo vikuu tofauti na vyuo vikuu na mfumo tofauti wa grading kulinganishwa. Waombaji wa shule za kuhitimu kumaliza shule GRE ambayo majaribio ya maneno, kiasi na uwezo wa uchambuzi. GMAT ni mtihani wa sababu za maneno, kiasi na uchambuzi, lakini imeundwa ili kukabiliana na mahitaji ya shule za biashara. Kwa mfano, wataalamu wa uhasibu wa kitaaluma wanaweza kuamua kiwango cha GMAT kwa ajili ya kazi, na GRE inapatikana katika shule za biashara. Ni rahisi kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wa sayansi na kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wa sekondari, na kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wa sekondari, na kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wa sekondari, na kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wa sekondari, na kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wa sekondari, na kwa ajili ya wanafunzi wa sekondari. Kuna taasisi kama vile Manhattan Review huko New York ambayo husaidia wanafunzi kurekebisha kwa ajili ya mitihani yao ya GMAT na GRE. Wana vifaa vya hali ya juu. Kama vile madaktari na wataalamu wengine, CPAs na wakaguzi wa ndani wanapaswa kufuata kanuni ya mwenendo. Wanapaswa kudumisha kiwango cha juu cha uadilifu. Wanapaswa kuwakilisha maslahi ya wateja wao. Wanapaswa kutii sheria za ndani zilizowekwa na mashirika yao ya kitaaluma. Kulingana na BLS, kwa mfano, wataalamu wa uhasibu wa umma hufanya kazi kwa masaa 40 hadi 50 kwa wiki. Kulingana na Telberg, R. (2007), wahasibu hutumia muda mwingi katika shughuli zinazohusiana na kazi kwa gharama ya familia zao. Wengine hubeba kazi yao wakati wa likizo na nyumbani. Kwa mujibu wa ripoti ya CPA Review, katika msimu wa shughuli nyingi, wafanyabiashara wanaweza kufanya kazi hadi masaa 70 hadi 80. Wanasayansi wa ndani wana masaa marefu ya kazi, siku zao huanza kutoka saa nane asubuhi hadi saa tano jioni, wanafanya kazi hadi CPAs kudumisha na kukagua vitabu vya kifedha vya mashirika. Pia wana ujuzi wa kuweka vitabu, kodi, ukaguzi wa serikali na mipango ya kifedha. Wao husimamia bajeti na usimamizi wa kifedha. Wao kuhakikisha kwamba wao rekodi za kifedha ni sahihi na hadi sasa. Pia hufuatilia uwekezaji, matumizi na mapato yanayotokezwa na shirika. Wao utafiti na kuchambua ripoti za kifedha za kampuni. Pia huunda mpango wa kifedha kwa ajili ya kampuni. Pia wanapendekeza njia ambazo makampuni yanaweza kuokoa pesa. Wao huwasilisha ripoti za kodi za kampuni. CPAs kusaidia mashirika ya kuendeleza mkakati wa kisheria kupunguza kiasi cha kodi wanadaiwa serikali. CPAs wengi huwa na kujiajiri kwa hiyo wao kuajiri wafanyakazi na kusimamia biashara. CPAs wa kujitegemea wanaweza kusaidia wamiliki wa biashara wa uwezekano wa kuendeleza mipango ya biashara na kupata fedha za kuanza. Wataalamu wa ndani wa usimamizi wa mfumo wa usimamizi wa ndani wa shirika huangalia ikiwa inalingana na sheria za serikali, lengo la shirika. Wao kuwasiliana na wote wakaguzi wa nje na Msimamizi na Mkaguzi Mkuu. Wao kupendekeza na kushauri kampuni juu ya thamani kwa ajili ya fedha na ufanisi maboresho. Kulingana na BLS, mshahara hutegemea mambo kadhaa, yaani: historia ya elimu ya CPA, miaka ya uzoefu, na kampuni anayofanya kazi. CPAs kuchukua nyumbani $ 50,770 kwa mwaka. CPAs na miaka moja hadi miwili ya uzoefu inaweza kuwa remunerated kiasi cha chini. Kwa wale wanaofanya kazi katika makampuni makubwa kama vile Coca Cola, wanapata mshahara wa juu zaidi. Washirika katika kampuni za uhasibu wa umma wanaweza kupata karibu $ 175,000 kwa mwaka. CPAs wanafurahia safu ya faida, ambayo ni pamoja na gharama zote kulipwa kwa ajili ya likizo, afya na bima ya maisha, na faida ya pensheni. Kwa mfano, wakaguzi wa ndani wa kampuni huchukua wastani wa $ 81,000 kwa mwaka. Msimamizi wa ukaguzi wa ndani wa kampuni hupata $ 100,000 kwa mwaka. Kiwango cha mshahara hutegemea kiwango cha uzoefu na kampuni mtu anafanya kazi kwa. Wataalamu wetu wa kitaaluma wako tayari na kusubiri kusaidia na mradi wowote wa uandishi unaweza kuwa nao. Kutoka kwa mipango rahisi ya insha hadi kwa dissertations kamili, unaweza kuhakikisha tuna huduma iliyoambatana kikamilifu na mahitaji yako.Huduma zetu za kuridhika na kazi na mtindo wa maisha wa CPA na Mhakiki wa Ndani (AUD) ni kati ya kazi ambazo zinahitaji muda mwingi. Baadhi ya wahasibu na wakaguzi wa mambo ya ndani hubeba kazi yao nyumbani. Wakati wa msimu wa kilele, wanafanya kazi kwa masaa mengi na kulala angalau masaa manne, wanafurahia likizo ya bure na faida za pensheni. Mapato yao ya juu huwahakikishia hali nzuri ya maisha. Baadhi ya wahasibu na wakaguzi hupata ongezeko la mshahara kila mwaka. Wengine hufurahia likizo ya hadi majuma matatu. Ni mojawapo ya kazi ambazo hakuna malalamiko. Fursa za kazi zipo. Kwa mujibu wa CNN, nafasi za kazi kwa CPAs ni asilimia 22 na ni nafasi ya tisa katika orodha ya kazi 100 za faida zaidi katika sekta ya biashara nchini Marekani. Wanafurahia kuridhika binafsi kutoka kazi zao. kazi ya uhasibu hufanya mtu kufurahia umaarufu na heshima kutoka kwa jamii kwani inachukuliwa kuwa ngumu kuliko kazi nyingine. Kazi zote mbili ni faida na napendelea uchaguzi wangu wa kwanza wa kazi zaidi. Nina mpango wa kufanya chochote kinachohitajika ili kutimiza ndoto yangu ya kufuatilia uhasibu. "Kama unataka kufuta makala hii, tafadhali chagua ""Referees"" hapa chini: ""Hii ni maombi ya kuondoa DMCA: Ikiwa wewe ni mwandishi wa awali wa insha hii na hutaki tena kuwa na kazi yako kuchapishwa kwenye UKEssays.com basi tafadhali: