Slave Trade History Zanzibar Tanzania
The Anglican Cathedral of Christ Church was built in Stone Town (the old part of Zanzibar city) in the place where the biggest slave market in Eastern Africa operated. Its altar was placed exactly where the slaves for sale were whipped. On the floor, among the benches, there are black cobblestones as a remembrance of the dungeons used for slaves in the basement. Outside the Cathedral, there is a stone monument showing four people enchained by their necks as a way of reproducing the way in which slaves were offered to buyers
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Since the end of the 15th century, the Portuguese took control of Zanzibar for almost two centuries. In 1698, it became part of the Oman Sultanate after the Portuguese were expelled and the trade of slaves, ivory, and spice plantations developed on the island. The trade of slaves was the main activity and it commercially linked Europeans (who used slaves for plantations in the Indian Ocean) with African rulers. By the 19th century, the Zanzibar Sultanate stood out for being the main slave market in Eastern Africa due to its strategic location in the Indian Ocean. It is estimated that between 1830 and 1873, around 600,000 people were sold as merchandise and thousands of other people visited the place temporarily.
Slavery business in the city was run by Europeans, Indians, Arabs, and local leaders until its abolition in 1873. Zanzibar was an important center in the campaign against slavery led by the Scottish explorer David Livingstone and other activists during the second half of the 19th century that ended with the abolition of slavery.
In 1861, the country separated from the Oman Sultanate and became part of the British Empire until 1963, when it became independent as the Republic of Zanzibar and Pemba. As a consequence of what is known as the Revolution of Zanzibar, there were thousands of dead and expelled people due to the ethnic tensions between Arab and African communities.
Three months after the Revolution, in April 1964, the country joined the neighboring Republic of Tanganyika and created the current United Republic of Tanzania.
The island of Zanzibar is a unique melting pot of cultures due to the flow of people coming from the Arabic peninsula, India, Europe, and the African coasts.
When slavery was abolished in the country, the Anglican Cathedral of the Christ Church was built in the same place where the slave market was run and was inaugurated in 1879 on Christmas Day. Edward Steere, the Anglican Bishop, submitted the proposal that laid the cornerstone on Christmas Day 1873, it was built in seven years.
Edward Steere worked with David Livingstone, the British physician, and explorer known for fighting against slavery in Africa. The project considered using coral stone, which was the material mainly used in Stone Town (the old part of the city of Zanzibar), thus combining Gothic and Islamic designs.
After the Revolution of Zanzibar, the independence of the country was declared and the United Republic of Tanzania was born in the 60s the identification of places where the slave market was run began in the context of the development of a Zanzibar identity.
The old part of Zanzibar has been added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000 due to the fact that it is one of the biggest slave markets in Eastern Africa and an “extraordinary living example of integration and harmonization of different cultures.” Likewise, as of the 90s, UNESCO and other organizations economically supported the conservation and refurbishment of Stone Town.
In the entrance door of the Cathedral, there is a sign that reads: “You are now standing at the former slave market site, the world’s last open slave market and notorious place where slaves from East and Central Africa regions were bought and sold.”
In the basement are the dungeons where slaves to be sold were held. When active, there were fifteen rooms but now only two can be visited: one for women and children and another one for men. They were very cold and the benches where slaves were enchained by their necks or feet were made of stone.
Outside the Cathedral, there is the Slave Memorial monument, made in 1998 by the Swedish sculptor Clara Sörnäs. Near the Cathedral, on 15 June 2006, the Exhibition of the Slave Market of Eastern Africa was inaugurated. The museum displays in its rooms the slave transportation, the sale and purchase proceeding, the destination, the abolition of slavery, and the new forms of slavery in the 21st century.
Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa la Kanisa. Madhabahu yake iliwekwa mahali ambapo watumwa waliouzwa walipigwa mijeledi. Kwenye sakafu, kati ya viti, kuna mawe meusi ya mawe kama ukumbusho wa magereza yaliyotumiwa kwa watumwa katika chumba cha chini ya ardhi. Katika sehemu ya nje ya kanisa kuu, kuna mnara wa mawe unaoonyesha watu wanne wakiwa wamefungwa minyororo kwenye shingo zao, kama njia ya kuiga jinsi watumwa walivyotolewa kwa wanunuzi.Hadithi ya kusikitisha na ya kusisimua Tangu mwishoni mwa karne ya 15, Wareno walitawala Zanzibar kwa karibu karne mbili. Mnamo 1698, kisiwa hicho kilikuwa sehemu ya Sultanate ya Oman baada ya Wareno kufukuzwa na biashara ya watumwa, pembe za tembo, na mashamba ya viungo. Biashara ya watumwa ilikuwa shughuli kuu na iliwaunganisha Wazungu (waliotumia watumwa kwa mashamba katika Bahari ya Hindi) na watawala wa Afrika. Katika karne ya 19, Zanzibar ilijulikana kama soko kuu la watumwa katika Afrika Mashariki kwa sababu ya eneo lake la kimkakati katika Bahari ya Hindi. Inakadiriwa kwamba kati ya 1830 na 1873, karibu watu 600,000 waliuzwa kama bidhaa na maelfu ya watu wengine walitembelea mahali hapo kwa muda. Utumwa uliendeshwa na Wazungu, Wahindi, Waarabu, na viongozi wa eneo hilo hadi ulipofutwa mwaka 1873. Zanzibar ilikuwa kituo muhimu katika kampeni dhidi ya utumwa iliyoongozwa na mvumbuzi wa Scotland David Livingstone na wanaharakati wengine wakati wa nusu ya pili ya karne ya 19 ambayo ilimalizika na kuondolewa kwa utumwa. Mwaka 1861 nchi hiyo ilijitenga na Sultanate ya Oman na ikawa sehemu ya Milki ya Uingereza hadi mwaka 1963 ilipopata uhuru kama Jamhuri ya Zanzibar na Pemba. Mapinduzi ya Zanzibar yaliathiri sana jamii za Kiarabu na Waafrika. Mwaka 1964 nchi hiyo ilijiunga na Jamhuri ya Tanganyika na kuunda Jamhuri ya Muungano ya Tanzania. Kisiwa cha Zanzibar ni mchanganyiko wa tamaduni nyingi kwa sababu ya watu wanaotoka katika visiwa vya Arabia, India, Ulaya, na pwani za Afrika. Baada ya ukoloni kuondolewa, kanisa la Anglican Cathedral of Christ Church lilijengwa mahali pale ambapo soko la watumwa liliendeshwa na kufunguliwa mwaka 1879. Edward Steere, askofu wa Anglikana, aliweka jiwe la msingi la kanisa hilo katika mwaka wa 1873 na lilijengwa kwa miaka saba. Edward Steere alifanya kazi pamoja na David Livingstone, daktari Mwingereza, na mvumbuzi anayejulikana kwa kupigana dhidi ya utumwa barani Afrika. Jengo hilo lilijengwa kwa mawe ya matumbawe, ambayo ni vifaa vya msingi katika Stone Town, sehemu ya zamani ya Zanzibar, na hivyo kuchanganya Gothic na Kiislamu miundo. Baada ya mapinduzi ya Zanzibar, uhuru wa nchi ulitangazwa na Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania ilizaliwa katika miaka ya 1960 utambulisho wa maeneo ambapo soko la watumwa liliendeshwa ulianza katika muktadha wa maendeleo ya utambulisho wa Zanzibar. Zanzibar ni moja ya maeneo ya zamani ya Afrika ya Mashariki ambayo ni moja ya masoko makubwa ya watumwa na mfano wa ajabu wa ushirikiano na maelewano ya tamaduni tofauti. "Kwenye mlango wa kuingia kwa kanisa hilo kuna ishara inayoandikwa: ""Sasa unasimama katika eneo la zamani la soko la watumwa, soko la mwisho la wazi la watumwa duniani na mahali pa kujulikana ambapo watumwa kutoka mikoa ya Afrika Mashariki na Kati walinunuliwa na kuuzwa.""" Wakati wa shughuli, kulikuwa na vyumba kumi na tano lakini sasa ni viwili tu vinavyoweza kutembelewa: kimoja kwa ajili ya wanawake na watoto na kingine kwa ajili ya wanaume. Kulikuwa na baridi kali sana na viti ambapo watumwa walifungwa minyororo kwa shingo au miguu vilitengenezwa kwa mawe. Mnamo mwaka wa 1998, mtunzi wa Sweden Clara Sörnäs aliweka mnara wa ukumbusho wa watumwa. Mnamo Juni 15, 2006, maonyesho ya soko la watumwa ya Afrika Mashariki yalifunguliwa. Makumbusho ya utumwa yanaonyesha katika vyumba vyake usafirishaji wa watumwa, mchakato wa ununuzi na uuzaji, marudio, kuondolewa kwa utumwa, na aina mpya za utumwa katika karne ya 21.