Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are persistant organic pollutants present in aquatic environments despite their either total or partial removal from the market. Chronic exposition of zebrafish, a fish model, to a mixture of PCB and PBDE that is representative of European environmental situations, affects the energy metabolism, growth and reproduction in the exposed zebrafish (F0) as well as the behavior of their non-exposed offspring (F1-F4) (Horri et al., 2018 ; Alfonso et al., 2019).
In this press release, discover the studies led by INRAE on COVID-19, studies ranging from virology to sociology, epidemiology, ecology and mathematics.
Whole genome sequencing has changed many fields in genetics: selection, biodiversity, understanding the genotype-phenotype relationship. The idea of a "1000 Genomes" project, tested in cattle, consists of sharing sequence data obtained by different partners to facilitate the extraction of information that answers the different research questions. Here we present how this will be done for the chicken on both national and international levels.
The evolutive history of the Gallus genus, including the chicken, has been explored in many studies that have led to incompatible phylogenetic trees. The genus is made up of 4 wild fowl species: the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus, southeast Asia), the grey junglfowl (Gallus sonneratti, India), the Lafayette's junglefowl (Gallus lafayetti, Sri Lanka) and the green junglfowl (Gallus varius, Indonesia). Previous studies suggest that the ancestral branch concerns either the red junglfowl (A scenario) or the green junglfowl (B scenario). They have limits however: often only one bird per species, few genes, etc.
In a publication in the journal Genome Biology, scientists from several international teams involved with Elisabetta Giuffra of GABI (coordinator of the review), describe research priorities that are based on the progress, success and resources of the FAANG intitative (Functional Annotation of Animal Genomes) since 2015, aimed at answering current and future challenges in Animal Production.
Our Research Highlights are chosen amongst a choice selection of significant research results that were published in international scientific journals. They illustrate our main results for the year.
A catalogue of procaryote genes present in the bovine rumen has been compiled. It will help decipher the potential roles of the microbiota as a whole, in particular its ability to degrade structural carbohydrates in forages.
Where do your sea products come from? In Europe, 75% of these products are imported. It therefore seems important to guarantee a sustainable growth for aquaculture in Europe. Such is the mission of the H2020 AQUAEXCEL project, which began in 2011. Today it evolves to a third edition: AQUAEXCEL3.0.
For the first time, the characterization of incubation temperature effects of Japonese quail eggs show an impact on growth, physiology and metabolism of the birds potentially in relation with their capacity to thermoregulate.
This session is organized as part of the @BRIDGe core facilities training programs. Rendez-vous on Monday 23 November to follow the presentation by Etienne Verrier, Professor at AgroParisTech and Didier Boichard, senior scientist of the Bovine Genetics and Genomics Team.
On the contrary to mammals and birds in which sex is determined at conception by sex chromosomes (X and Y being the most well-known), it is frequent in fish and reptiles that sex be determined at least in part by water temperature at a key developmental stage.
This is true in sea bass, but, in a surprising way, the same temperature can produce males or females depending on the moment of development where they are applied. This is what a study by the Animal Genetics and Integrative Biology Unit (GABI, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay) and the MARine Biodiversity, Exploitation and Conservation (MARBEC, IRD, Ifremer, Université de Montpellier, CNRS), found and which was published on 4 November, 2020 in the journal Ecology and Evolution.
During evolution, fish have developed a remarkable diversity of sex phenotypic control mechanisms, associating heterogametic systems such as XX/XY as in mammals or ZZ/ZW as in birds to polygenic systems or those regulated by the environment. In the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), sex is dictated by a simple chromosome system (XX/XY) and the major sex determinant is known (sdY gene). This genetic determinism is used to produce completely female populations (XX), which are more interesting that bisexual populations. However, male individuals are regularly observed in these XX populations.
The 2020 edition of the National Science Fair will be a virtual event due to the sanitary crisis. Scientists from INRAE in Ile-de-France are mobilized to share their work with the public. Beginning on October 2 they gave conferences, presented videos and for the public including grade-school children. The program; the earth and its inhabitants, lactic acid bacteria, urban farms, animal sciences....
A meeting is scheduled with the coordinators on September 15, at AgroParisTech Claude Bernard Center in Paris !
Check out the research studies by the Genetics of the microbiota and health Team of GABI in the INRAE press release "One Health - only one health for the Earth, animals and man".
Breast cancer is the most wide-spread cancer in the world and one of the main causes of death in women. A study implicating scientists from the Paris-Saclay University, INSERM and INRAE just established a link between night shift working and an increased risk of cancer, suggesting that disruption of circadian rythms could make tumors more agressive. This study was published in the journal Nature Communications on Wednesday, June 24, 2020.
This book provides the state of the art in terms of poultry genetics and genomics. The last similar edition was published over 10 years ago and it is now time to relate all the progress made by genomics in one edition for the poultry industry, amateur breeders, scientists and students in poultry farming along with decision-makers.
Two INRAE teams (Jouy-en-Josas) and a laboratory in Santiago, Chili, are sharing their expertise in RNA virology and molecular biology to conceive via bioinformatics a series of antisense oligonucleotides that by linking specifically to key regions of the SARS-CoV-2 viral genome, allow their destruction and therefore block viral multiplication.
Nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (NUMT) have already been described in several species. Dominique Rocha of the G2B team and his partners ientified and analyzed 166 bovine NUMTof a total length of 430 kpb, representing approximately 0,02% of the nuclear genome of cattle. Their studies were published in Scientific Reports.
The person hired will work with the head of the CRB-Anim infrastructure and the @BRIDGe Biological Resources Center. He/She will interact with teams contributing to CRB-Anim and with the computer scientists of the national (RARe, PNDB, IFB), or European infrastructures (EBI) implicated in the management of biological samples.
The objective of this seminar is to treat the health challenges associated with arising risks generated by climate and anthropic changes by decompartmentalizing disciplinary approaches. Experts will speak on climate, the consequences of global changes and the urgency of finding ways to act.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) na polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) ni uchafuzi wa mazingira wa kudumu katika mazingira ya maji licha ya kuondolewa kabisa au sehemu kutoka soko. Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti Katika taarifa hii ya vyombo vya habari, gundua masomo yaliyoongozwa na INRAE juu ya COVID-19, masomo kuanzia virolojia hadi jamii, magonjwa ya kuambukiza, ikolojia na hisabati. Utaratibu wa genome nzima umebadilisha nyanja nyingi katika urithi: uteuzi, utofauti wa kibiolojia, kuelewa uhusiano wa genotype-phenotype. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya kwanza ya ""1000 Genomes,"" mradi wa ""1000 Genomes"" unajumuisha kushiriki data ya mfululizo iliyopatikana na washirika tofauti ili kuwezesha uchimbaji wa habari ambayo hujibu maswali tofauti ya utafiti." Hapa tunatoa jinsi hii itafanywa kwa kuku katika ngazi zote mbili za kitaifa na kimataifa. Historia ya mageuzi ya jamii ya Gallus, ikiwa ni pamoja na kuku, imechunguzwa katika masomo mengi ambayo yameongoza kwa miti isiyofaa ya phylogenetic. Jamii hii ina aina nne za ndege: ndege wa kijani (Gallus gallus), ndege wa kijani (Gallus sonnerati), ndege wa kijani (Gallus lafayetti) na ndege wa kijani (Gallus varius). Uchunguzi wa awali unaonyesha kwamba tawi la mababu linahusu ama ndege mwekundu wa msitu (hali ya A) au ndege mwekundu wa msitu (hali ya B). Hata hivyo, wana mipaka: mara nyingi ndege mmoja tu kwa kila spishi, chembe chache za urithi, na kadhalika. Katika chapisho katika jarida la Genome Biology, wanasayansi kutoka timu kadhaa za kimataifa zinazohusika na Elisabetta Giuffra wa GABI (mratibu wa ukaguzi), wanaelezea vipaumbele vya utafiti ambavyo vimetegemea maendeleo, mafanikio na rasilimali za mpango wa FAANG (Functional Annotation of Animal Genome) tangu 2015, na lengo la kujibu changamoto za sasa na za baadaye katika Uzalishaji wa Wanyama. Maelezo ya utafiti wetu ni kuchaguliwa miongoni mwa uteuzi wa uchaguzi wa matokeo muhimu ya utafiti ambayo yalichapishwa katika majarida ya kimataifa ya kisayansi. Wao kuonyesha matokeo yetu kuu kwa mwaka. Orodha ya jeni za procaryote zilizopo katika rumen ya ng'ombe imepangwa. Hii inasaidia kugundua jukumu la microbiota, hasa uwezo wake wa kuharibu wanga katika chakula. Bidhaa zako za baharini hutoka wapi? Katika Ulaya, asilimia 75 ya bidhaa hizi ni za kuagiza. Kwa hiyo inaonekana muhimu kuhakikisha ukuaji endelevu kwa ajili ya ufugaji wa samaki katika Ulaya. Hatua hiyo ilitokana na mradi wa H2020 AQUAXCEL, ulioanza mwaka 2011. Leo inaendelea kwa toleo la tatu: AQUAEXCEL3.0. Kwa mara ya kwanza, tabia ya athari za joto la incubation ya mayai ya Japani ya quail inaonyesha athari kwa ukuaji, fiziolojia na kimetaboliki ya ndege, uwezekano wa kuhusiana na uwezo wao wa thermoregulate. Mkutano huu umepangwa kama sehemu ya programu za mafunzo ya vifaa vya msingi vya @BRIDGe. Mkutano huo ulifanyika Jumatatu, Novemba 23, baada ya hotuba ya Profesa Etienne Verrier wa AgroParisTech na mwanasayansi mkuu wa Timu ya Genetics na Genomics ya Ng'ombe Didier Boichard. Tofauti na mamalia na ndege ambao jinsia huamuliwa wakati wa mimba na kromosomu za jinsia (X na Y ni maarufu zaidi), ni mara nyingi katika samaki na wanyama wanaotambaa kwamba jinsia huamuliwa angalau kwa sehemu na joto la maji katika hatua muhimu ya maendeleo. Hii ni kweli katika baharini bass, lakini, kwa njia ya kushangaza, joto moja inaweza kuzalisha wanaume au wanawake kulingana na wakati wa maendeleo ambapo wao ni kutumika. Utafiti uliofanywa na Kituo cha Genetics ya Wanyama na Biolojia ya Kuunganisha (GABI, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay) na Biodiversity, Utekelezaji na Uhifadhi wa Bahari (MARBEC, IRD, IFREMA, Université de Montpellier, CNRS) uligundua kuwa kuna uwezekano wa kuathiri idadi ya wanyama katika mazingira. Katika mageuzi, samaki wamebuni aina mbalimbali za mifumo ya kudhibiti jinsia, ikiunganisha mifumo ya heterogameti kama vile XXY katika mamalia au ZZW katika ndege na mifumo ya polygenic au ile inayodhibitiwa na mazingira. Katika trout ya upinde wa mvua (Oncorhynchus mykiss), jinsia huamuliwa na mfumo rahisi wa kromosomu (XX / XY) na determinant kuu ya jinsia inajulikana (jeni sdY). Uamuzi huu wa maumbile hutumiwa kutengeneza idadi ya wanawake kabisa (XX), ambao ni wa kuvutia zaidi kuliko idadi ya watu wa jinsia mbili. Hata hivyo, watu wa kiume ni mara kwa mara kuchunguzwa katika idadi hii XX. Toleo la 2020 la Maonyesho ya Sayansi ya Kitaifa itakuwa tukio la kawaida kwa sababu ya mgogoro wa afya. Wanasayansi kutoka INRAE katika Ile-de-France wanahamasishwa kushiriki kazi yao na umma. Kuanzia Oktoba 2, walitoa mikutano, waliwasilisha video na kwa umma ikiwa ni pamoja na watoto wa shule ya msingi. "Mkutano wa ""Mwili na Wenyeji wake: Bakteria za Asidi ya Maziwa, Mashamba ya Mjini, Sayansi za Wanyama"" unafanyika Septemba 15 katika Kituo cha AgroParis Claude Bernard." "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika taarifa ya vyombo vya habari ya INRAE, ""Usaidizi mmoja tu kwa Dunia, Wanyama na Binadamu.""" Saratani ya matiti ni aina ya saratani iliyoenea zaidi ulimwenguni na mojawapo ya sababu kuu za vifo vya wanawake. Utafiti uliofanywa na wanasayansi kutoka Chuo Kikuu cha Paris-Saclay, INSERM na INRAE, ulionyesha uhusiano kati ya kazi ya usiku na hatari ya saratani, na kuashiria kwamba kuharibika kwa mzunguko wa maisha kunaweza kufanya uvimbe kuwa mkali zaidi. Utafiti huo ulichapishwa katika jarida la Nature Communications Jumatano, Juni 24, 2020. Kitabu hiki hutoa hali ya sanaa katika suala la urithi wa kuku na genomics. Toleo la mwisho kama hilo lilichapishwa zaidi ya miaka 10 iliyopita na sasa ni wakati wa kuelezea maendeleo yote yaliyofanywa na genomics katika toleo moja kwa ajili ya sekta ya kuku, wafugaji amateur, wanasayansi na wanafunzi katika ufugaji wa kuku pamoja na watunga maamuzi. Timu mbili za INRAE (Jouy-en-Jose) na maabara huko Santiago, Chile, wanashiriki utaalam wao katika virolojia ya RNA na biolojia ya molekuli kuunda kupitia bioinformatics mfululizo wa oligonucleotides za antisense ambazo kwa kuunganisha haswa na mikoa muhimu ya genome ya virusi vya SARS-CoV-2 huruhusu uharibifu wao na hivyo kuzuia kuzidisha virusi. Nakala za nyuklia za DNA ya mitochondrial (NUMT) tayari zimeelezwa katika spishi kadhaa. Dominique Rocha, mtafiti wa G2B, na washirika wake walichunguza na kuchanganua NUMT 166 za ng'ombe, kwa urefu wa 430kb, ambayo inawakilisha takriban 0.02% ya genome ya nyuklia ya ng'ombe. Uchunguzi wao ulichapishwa katika jarida la Scientific Reports. Mfanyakazi huyo atafanya kazi na mkuu wa miundombinu ya CRB-Anim na Kituo cha Rasilimali za Kibiolojia cha @BRIDGE. Yeye ataingiliana na timu zinazochangia CRB-Anim na wanasayansi wa kompyuta wa kitaifa (RAR, PNDB, IFB) au miundombinu ya Ulaya (EBI) inayohusika katika usimamizi wa sampuli za kibiolojia. Lengo la semina hii ni kushughulikia changamoto za afya zinazohusiana na hatari zinazotokana na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa na anthropic kwa kuondoa mbinu za nidhamu. Wataalamu watazungumza juu ya hali ya hewa, matokeo ya mabadiliko ya ulimwengu na uharaka wa kupata njia za kutenda.