Tumors of melanocytic origin are most common in dogs, gray horses, and miniature pigs; uncommon in goats and cattle; and rare in cats and sheep. The terminology used to describe melanocytic lesions in veterinary medicine is different from that used in human dermatology. In animals, the terms melanocytoma and malignant melanoma are used to describe benign and malignant melanocytic proliferations, respectively. In humans, a benign melanocytic proliferation (whether congenital or acquired) is called a nevus, and the term melanoma, by definition, refers to a malignancy (ie, in people, there are no benign melanomas). In addition, although solar injury is a common cause of melanocytic tumors in people, actinic damage is seldom associated with development of analogous tumors in domestic animals.
Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Dogs
Melanocytomas of the skin are diagnosed much more frequently than malignant melanomas. They most commonly develop on the head and forelimbs in middle-aged or older dogs. There may be a predilection for males. Miniature and Standard Schnauzers, Doberman Pinschers, Golden Retrievers, Irish Setters, and Vizslas are the breeds in which these tumors are most commonly recognized. They can appear as macules or patches, as papules or plaques, or as elevated, occasionally pedunculated masses. Most have a pigmented surface. Although generally solitary, lesions may be multiple, especially in the breeds at risk. These tumors are benign, and complete excision is curative.
Malignant melanomas most commonly develop in dogs somewhat older than those that develop melanocytomas. Miniature and Standard Schnauzers and Scottish Terriers are most at risk.
The mucocutaneous junctions of the lips, in the oral cavity Malignant Oral Tumors Peripheral odontogenic fibromas (previously called fibromatous epulis or ossifying epulis) are the most common benign oral tumors. These firm masses involve the gingival tissue adjacent to a... read more , and in the nail beds are the most common sites of malignant melanoma development. Malignant melanomas of haired skin are rare, and most arise on the ventral abdomen and the scrotum. Males are affected more commonly than females. Most malignant melanomas appear as raised, generally ulcerated nodules that are variably pigmented depending on the melanin content; some malignant melanomas are amelanotic. When present on the mucocutaneous regions of the lip, the tumors may be pedunculated with a papillated surface; when present in the nail bed, they appear as swellings of the digit, often with loss of the nail and destruction of underlying bone, mimicking osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis in Dogs and Cats Osteomyelitis of the distal phalanx in a dog, characterized by severe loss of bone and soft tissue swelling. Inflammation and infection of the medullary cavity, cortex, and periosteum of bone... read more .
Whenever a toe is festering in an older dog, radiographs and a deep punch biopsy that includes bone are indicated for diagnosis. Canine malignant melanomas are locally aggressive and have a high potential for metastasis; however, there is considerable variability in reported survival times. Reported median survival times for dogs with oral malignant melanomas treated with definitive surgery alone are 511 days for WHO stage I disease, 324 days for stage II, and 336 days for stage III disease. A comprehensive study found that up to 32% of oral melanocytic tumors in dogs exhibited less aggressive biological behavior, which emphasizes the need to accurately classify them in clinical trials.
Treatment for a malignant melanoma generally consists of complete excision with wide margins; however, the infiltrative nature of the tumor may make achieving adequate margins difficult. In these cases, surgery may need to be combined with radiation therapy or electrochemotherapy. When present on the digits, amputation is indicated; when present on the mandible, a hemimandibulectomy may allow for complete excision with adequate margins and an acceptable postsurgical cosmetic appearance and survival time. Lesions at rostral locations on the maxilla or mandible allowed the best survival times of 10.9 months in one study.[ 1 References Tumors of melanocytic origin are most common in dogs, gray horses, and miniature pigs; uncommon in goats and cattle; and rare in cats and sheep. The terminology used to describe melanocytic... read more ]
Melanomas are generally considered insensitive to radiation therapy. Chemotherapy for measurable disease has been disappointing and short-lived, with carboplatin providing the best response rate of 28%. The use of genetic testing for tumor-specific targeted therapy, combined with immunotherapy, may make a difference. Overall survival times range from 1–36 months, indicating that individual variations in host defense mechanisms and aggressiveness of the tumor may play a role in establishing a prognosis. The nuclear protein Ki67 has been established as a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for predicting the outcome of oral malignant melanoma, with indices >19.5 corresponding to shorter survival times. A mitotic index >4 mitotic figures/10 high-power fields and a nuclear atypia score of >30% also indicate poor survival times. In one study of 117 dogs with digit masses, 24 had melanoma and a median survival time of 12 months, with 42% alive at 1 year and 13% alive at 2 years.[ 2 References Tumors of melanocytic origin are most common in dogs, gray horses, and miniature pigs; uncommon in goats and cattle; and rare in cats and sheep. The terminology used to describe melanocytic... read more ]
A series of novel xenogeneic gene therapy vaccinations using plasmid DNA encoding human tyrosinase can induce an immune response in dogs, resulting in antibody and cytotoxic T-cell responses that may shrink their melanomas. A canine melanoma vaccine has been shown to have potential therapeutic value for dogs as an adjuvant therapy for completely removed oral melanoma and for some advanced malignant melanoma cases in clinical trials in the New York area. It was conditionally licensed in the US in 2007; however, no benefit was found in several studies that were retrospective and lacked a control group. One such study followed 23 vaccinated dogs and 17 nonvaccinated dogs in Michigan. Clinical trials using radiation therapy Radiation Therapy or masitinib in combination with the canine melanoma vaccine in dogs with melanomas expressing mutated c-Kit, and another study that adds doxorubicin for nonmutated c-Kit, were evaluated for efficacy and shown promise. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 is an immunohistochemical biomarker and a potential immunotherapeutic target for canine malignant melanoma, as in humans. Autologous and allogeneic tumor cell vaccines and intralesional injections with immunological adjuvants may also be helpful and may be used in combination with the USDA-approved targeted DNA canine melanoma vaccine.
Selmic LE, Lafferty MH, Kamstock DA, et al. Outcome and prognostic factors for osteosarcoma of the maxilla, mandible, or calvarium in dogs: 183 cases (1986-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;245(8):930-8.
Marino DJ, Matthiesen DT, Stefanacci JD, Moroff SD. Evaluation of dogs with digit masses: 117 cases (1981-1991). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1995;207(6):726-8.
Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats
Cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms are uncommon and most often identified on the head (especially the pinnae), neck, and distal extremities in middle-aged or older cats. An association with the oral cavity and subungual regions is less well defined than in dogs, and a higher percentage are malignant. Excision is the treatment of choice. The therapeutic melanoma vaccine developed for use in dogs appears to be safe for use in cats.
Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Horses
Most melanocytic neoplasms are in gray horses, in which the coat turns gray (or white) with age. They are especially common in Lipizzaners, Arabians, and Percherons, and 80% of gray or white horses of these breeds may be affected. They are generally recognized in older horses but usually begin their development when animals are 3–4 years old.
The perineum and the base of the tail are the most common sites of development; however, these tumors may develop in any location, including the parotid area. The tumors are often multiple and may appear as coalescent, frequently pedunculated nodules that often extend in a linear arrangement up the tail base. They increase in size and number over time. Although most are benign, invasive variants, some with metastatic potential, can develop. Most are black on cross-section. Many gray horses have evidence of lymph node involvement; however, there is debate as to whether this represents metastasis or whether the intranodal melanocytes and melanophages represent a stimulation of extracutaneous melanocytes that are normally present in the lymph node. Treatment consists of surgical or cryosurgical removal; however, affected horses are predisposed to develop additional tumors over time.
Little is known about the use of radiation or chemotherapy for the treatment of equine melanocytoma or malignant melanoma. Cimetidine was reported to be of value in controlling recurrence, but follow-up studies did not find benefit. Electrochemotherapy or intralesional chemotherapy with cisplatin or carboplatin after surgical debulking may be of benefit in the treatment of large or inoperable masses. Recurrent tumors do not develop resistance to cisplatin, and they can be treated a second time, sometimes with good results.
Melanocytic neoplasms of nongray horses are rare tumors usually found on the trunk and extremities of young (often < 2 years old) horses. They may represent expansion of a congenital lesion. Masses characteristically appear as solitary nodules. Most are benign; however, congenital malignant melanomas may infrequently develop. Such tumors are invasive, with little metastatic potential. Surgical excision or cryosurgery is the treatment of choice. If the tumors are benign and surgically extirpated, the prognosis is excellent. For invasive tumors, the prognosis is guarded.
Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Pigs
Melanocytic neoplasms of pigs occur as congenital lesions and sporadically in adults of the Sinclair (Hormel) miniature pigs and Duroc and Duroc crosses. Selective breeding in these strains has increased the incidence of tumors. These tumors develop both pre- and postnatally, anywhere on the body. Generally multiple, they can appear as pigmented macules or patches with smooth borders; as raised, often ulcerated pigmented lesions; or as deeper, slightly raised, blue masses. Deeply invasive melanomas are often associated with metastatic disease. The lymph nodes and lungs are the most common sites of metastasis. Not all of these tumors become invasive, and many undergo spontaneous regression associated with an intense lymphocytic infiltrate. Melanocytic lesions in pigs are not treated; because of the heritable nature of the disease, prevention by selective breeding is recommended if lesions are frequently recognized in a herd.
Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cattle
Melanocytic neoplasms in cattle develop infrequently anywhere on the body. They can be found at any age but are most commonly recognized in young animals; congenital forms have been recognized. Angus cattle appear to be predisposed. Most commonly, the tumors are large, nodular masses, densely pigmented on cut surface, and benign. Excision is curative for most; however, rare malignant variants have been recognized with distant metastasis.
Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Sheep
Melanocytic neoplasms in sheep are most common in middle-aged or older animals but have been recognized in neonates. They are most common in Suffolks and Angoras, in which they appear as multiple, densely pigmented dermal or subcutaneous masses. They should be considered malignant; metastasis is common.
Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Goats
Melanocytic tumors in goats are rare. They are most common in middle-aged or older animals and possibly in Angoras. There may be a site predilection for the coronary band and udder. Lesions are seen as solitary or multiple masses with variable pigmentation on cut surface. Most tend to grow rapidly, and metastasis is common.
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Also see pet health content regarding tumors of the skin in dogs Tumors of the Skin in Dogs Tumors are abnormal growths of cells. Tumors affecting the skin or the tissue just under the skin are the most commonly seen tumors in dogs. Skin tumors are diagnosed more frequently than other... read more , cats Tumors of the Skin in Cats Tumors are abnormal growths of cells. Tumors affecting the skin or the tissue just under the skin are the most commonly seen tumors in cats. This is partly because they are the most easily seen... read more , and horses Tumors of the Skin in Horses Tumors are abnormal new growths of cells, also called neoplasms. Neoplasms affecting the skin or the tissue just under the skin are the most commonly seen tumors in horses. Skin tumors are diagnosed... read more .
Ugonjwa wa melanocyte ni wa kawaida kwa mbwa, farasi wa kijivu, na nguruwe wadogo; si wa kawaida kwa mbuzi na ng'ombe; na ni nadra kwa paka na kondoo. Maneno yanayotumiwa kuelezea majeraha ya melanocytic katika dawa za mifugo ni tofauti na yale yanayotumiwa katika dermatolojia ya binadamu. Katika wanyama, maneno melanocytoma na melanoma mbaya hutumiwa kuelezea ongezeko la melanocyte nzuri na mbaya, kwa mtiririko huo. Katika binadamu, melanocyte ya benign (yaani ya kuzaliwa au kupatikana) inaitwa nevus, na neno melanoma, kwa ufafanuzi, linarejelea ugonjwa mbaya (yaani, kwa watu, hakuna melanomas ya benign). Kwa kuongezea, ingawa majeraha ya jua ni sababu ya kawaida ya uvimbe wa melanocytic kwa watu, uharibifu wa actinic mara chache huhusishwa na maendeleo ya uvimbe sawa katika wanyama wa nyumbani. Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Dogs Melanocytomas ya ngozi hupatikana mara nyingi zaidi kuliko melanomas mbaya. Kwa kawaida hutokea kwenye kichwa na viungo vya mbele kwa mbwa wenye umri wa kati au wazee. Huenda ikawa kuna upendeleo kwa wanaume. Schnauzers ndogo na za kawaida, Doberman Pinschers, Golden Retrievers, Irish Setters, na Vizslas ni jamii ambazo uvimbe huu hutambuliwa kwa kawaida. Wanaweza kuonekana kama macules au patches, kama papules au plaques, au kama juu, mara kwa mara pedunculated misa. Nyingi zina rangi ya uso. Ingawa kwa kawaida ni ya pekee, majeraha yanaweza kuwa mengi, hasa katika jamii zilizo hatarini. Matumbo hayo ni mazuri, na kuondolewa kabisa kunaweza kuponya ugonjwa huo. Melanoma mbaya kwa kawaida hutokea kwa mbwa wenye umri mkubwa kuliko wale wanaotengeneza melanocytomas. Schnauzers ndogo na za kawaida na Scottish Terriers ndizo zilizo hatarini zaidi. Ugonjwa wa tumors za mdomo (peripheral odontogenic fibroids, pia huitwa fibroids) ni aina ya tumors ya mdomo. Kwa sababu ya kuenea kwa uvimbe wa melanoma, sehemu ya chini ya ngozi ya kidole (kuzunguka sehemu ya chini ya kidole) ni sehemu ya msingi ya malignant melanoma. Melanoma mbaya ya ngozi yenye nywele ni nadra, na nyingi hutokea kwenye tumbo la ndani na uti wa mgongo. Wanaume huathiriwa kwa kawaida kuliko wanawake. Melanoma nyingi mbaya zinaonekana kama nodules zilizoinuliwa, kwa ujumla ulcerated ambazo zina rangi tofauti kulingana na maudhui ya melanin; baadhi ya melanomas mbaya ni amelanotic. Katika maeneo ya mucocutaneous ya mdomo, tumors inaweza kuwa pedunculated na papillate uso; wakati wa sasa katika kitanda cha kucha, wao kuonekana kama uvimbe wa kidole, mara nyingi na hasara ya kucha na uharibifu wa mifupa ya chini, kuiga osteomyelitis katika mbwa na cats, na kuonekana kama uharibifu mkubwa wa mifupa na uvimbe wa tishu laini. Uvimbe na maambukizi ya shimo medullary, cortex, na periosteum ya mfupa... kusoma zaidi. Wakati wowote kidole cha mguu kinapokuwa kikichanganyika katika mbwa mzee, uchunguzi wa radiografia na uchunguzi wa mifupa unaofanywa kwa njia ya punch huonyesha kwamba ugonjwa huo umepatikana. Melanomas mbaya ya mbwa ni ya uhasama wa ndani na ina uwezo mkubwa wa metastasis; hata hivyo, kuna tofauti kubwa katika nyakati za kuishi zilizoripotiwa. Wakati wa kuishi kwa mbwa wenye melanoma mbaya ya mdomo, waliotibiwa kwa upasuaji wa mwisho tu, ni siku 511 kwa ugonjwa wa hatua ya I, siku 324 kwa hatua ya II, na siku 336 kwa hatua ya III. Utafiti wa kina uligundua kwamba hadi 32% ya uvimbe wa melanotic wa mdomo katika mbwa ulionyesha tabia ya kibiolojia isiyo na fujo, ambayo inasisitiza hitaji la kuorodhesha kwa usahihi katika majaribio ya kliniki. Matibabu ya melanoma mbaya kwa ujumla ni kuondolewa kabisa kwa pembe pana; hata hivyo, asili ya kuingilia ya uvimbe inaweza kufanya kufikia pembe za kutosha kuwa ngumu. Katika visa hivyo, huenda ikawa lazima upasuaji uunganishwe na tiba ya mnururisho au tiba ya umeme. Wakati wa kuonekana kwenye vidole, amputation inaonyeshwa; wakati wa kuonekana kwenye mandibula, hemimandibulectomy inaweza kuruhusu kuondolewa kamili na pembe za kutosha na kuonekana kwa postoperative na muda wa kuishi. Ugonjwa wa rostral kwenye maxilla au mandible uliruhusu muda bora wa kuishi wa miezi 10.9 katika utafiti mmoja. Ugonjwa wa melanocyte ni wa kawaida katika mbwa, farasi wa kijivu, na nguruwe wadogo; sio kawaida katika mbuzi na ng'ombe; na ni nadra katika paka na kondoo. Ugonjwa wa melanocyte (Melanoma) ni ugonjwa wa kawaida unaosababishwa na radiation. Ugonjwa wa kimetaboliki unaoweza kupimwa ni wa muda mfupi na hauna matokeo mazuri, na carboplatin hutoa kiwango bora cha majibu ya 28%. Matumizi ya upimaji wa maumbile kwa ajili ya tiba inayolenga uvimbe, pamoja na tiba ya kinga, yaweza kufanya tofauti. Wakati wa kuishi kwa jumla ni kati ya miezi 1 na 36, ikionyesha kwamba tofauti za mtu binafsi katika mifumo ya ulinzi wa mwenyeji na uvamizi wa uvimbe inaweza kuwa na jukumu katika kuanzisha utabiri. Ki-67 ni alama ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile ya kimaumbile. Mitotic index (MTI) ya juu ya 4 (mitotic index ya juu ya 10), na atypical score ya juu ya 30 (nuclear atypical score ya juu ya 30), pia huonyesha muda mbaya wa kuishi. Katika utafiti mmoja uliofanywa kwa mbwa 117 wenye misuli ya kidole, 24 walikuwa na melanoma na muda wa kuishi wa wastani wa miezi 12, na 42% waliishi kwa mwaka mmoja na 13% waliishi kwa miaka miwili. Ugonjwa wa melanocyte ni wa kawaida katika mbwa, farasi wa kijivu, na nguruwe wadogo; sio kawaida katika mbuzi na ng'ombe; na ni nadra katika paka na kondoo. "Mfano wa ""kijana-mwanzo"" ni chanjo ya chembe za urithi za xenogenic, ambayo hutumia DNA ya plasmid inayounda tyrosine ya binadamu, ambayo inaweza kusababisha majibu ya kinga kwa mbwa, na kusababisha majibu ya antibody na cytotoxic T-cell ambayo inaweza kupunguza melanomas zao." Chanjo ya melanoma ya mbwa imeonyeshwa kuwa na thamani ya matibabu ya mbwa kama tiba ya adjuvant kwa melanoma ya mdomo iliyoondolewa kabisa na kwa baadhi ya kesi za melanoma mbaya ya hali ya juu katika majaribio ya kliniki katika eneo la New York. Ilikuwa na leseni ya masharti nchini Marekani mwaka 2007, lakini hakuna faida iliyopatikana katika masomo kadhaa ambayo yalikuwa ya nyuma na hayakuwa na kikundi cha kudhibiti. Utafiti huo ulifanywa kwa kutumia mbwa 23 waliopatiwa chanjo na mbwa 17 ambao hawakuwa wamepewa chanjo. Majaribio ya kliniki ya kutumia radiotherapy au masitinib pamoja na chanjo ya melanoma ya mbwa katika mbwa wenye melanoma inayoonyesha c-kit iliyobadilika, na utafiti mwingine ambao unaongeza doxorubicin kwa c-kit isiyo na mabadiliko, ulichunguzwa kwa ufanisi na kuonekana kuwa na ahadi. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan-4 (CPS4) ni immunohistochemical biomarker na uwezekano immunotherapeutic lengo kwa ajili ya mbwa melanoma mbaya, kama katika wanadamu. Dawa za chanjo za chembe za uvimbe za autologous na allogeneic na sindano za intralesional na adjuvants za kinga pia zinaweza kusaidia na zinaweza kutumika pamoja na chanjo ya melanoma ya mbwa iliyoidhinishwa na USDA. Selmic, L. Lafferty, M. H. Kamstocke, D. A. Matokeo na sababu za prognostic kwa osteosarcoma ya maxilla, mandible, au calvarium katika mbwa: kesi 183 (1986-2012). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014;245(8):930-8. DJ Marino, Matthiesen DT, Stefanacci JD, Moroff SD. Kwa mfano, idadi ya mbwa walio na uzito wa kidole cha pili ni 117 (183,000). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1995;207 (6): 726-8. Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats: Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cats. Ushirikiano na shimo la mdomo na mikoa ya chini ya ngozi haijulikani vizuri kuliko katika mbwa, na asilimia kubwa ni mbaya. Upasuaji ni matibabu ya kuchagua. Chanjo ya matibabu ya melanoma iliyotengenezwa kwa ajili ya matumizi katika mbwa inaonekana kuwa salama kwa ajili ya matumizi katika paka. Tumors za Melanocytic Origin in Horses Wengi melanocytic neoplasms ni katika farasi kijivu, ambayo kanzu inageuka kijivu (au nyeupe) na umri. Miongoni mwa aina za farasi wanaopatikana ni Lipizzaner, Percheron, na Arabian, na asilimia 80 ya farasi wa rangi ya kijivu au nyeupe wanaishi katika jamii hizo. Kwa kawaida, huonekana kwa farasi wazee, lakini kwa kawaida huanza kuenea wakati wanyama wanapokuwa na umri wa miaka mitatu au minne. Perineum na msingi wa mkia ni maeneo ya kawaida ya maendeleo; hata hivyo, uvimbe huu unaweza kuendeleza katika eneo lolote, ikiwa ni pamoja na eneo parotid. Tumors mara nyingi ni nyingi na inaweza kuonekana kama coalescent, mara nyingi pedunculated nodules kwamba mara nyingi kupanua katika mpangilio linear juu ya mkia msingi. Zinaongezeka kwa ukubwa na idadi kadiri wakati unavyopita. Ingawa nyingi ni nzuri, aina za uvamizi, baadhi na uwezekano wa metastatic, inaweza kuendeleza. Wengi wao ni weusi katika sehemu ya msalaba. Kwa sababu ya athari za nyuzi za lymph, kuna utata juu ya kama hii inawakilisha metastasis au ikiwa melanocytes ya intranodal na melanophages inawakilisha kuchochea kwa melanocytes ya nje ya ngozi ambayo kwa kawaida iko katika nyuzi za lymph. Matibabu ni kuondolewa kwa upasuaji au cryosurgical; hata hivyo, farasi walioathiriwa wana mwelekeo wa kuendeleza uvimbe wa ziada kwa muda. Ni mambo machache yanayojulikana kuhusu matumizi ya mnururisho au tiba ya kemikali kwa ajili ya kutibu melanocytoma ya farasi au melanoma mbaya. Cimetidine iliripotiwa kuwa na thamani katika kudhibiti kurudia, lakini masomo ya ufuatiliaji hayakupata faida. Electrochemotherapy au intralesional chemotherapy na cisplatin au carboplatin baada ya upasuaji debulking inaweza kuwa na faida katika matibabu ya misa kubwa au inoperable. Ugonjwa wa tumors haujasababisha upinzani kwa cisplatin, na unaweza kutibiwa mara ya pili, wakati mwingine kwa matokeo mazuri. Melanocytes ni tumors ya kawaida katika mwili wa farasi vijana (mara nyingi chini ya miaka miwili). Huenda zikawakilisha upanuzi wa ugonjwa wa kuzaliwa. Kwa kawaida, misuli hiyo huonekana kama vifungo vya pekee. Wengi ni wema; hata hivyo, melanomas mbaya ya kuzaliwa inaweza mara chache kuendeleza. Matumbo hayo ni ya uvamizi, na yana uwezekano mdogo wa kuenea. Upasuaji wa kuondoa viungo au upasuaji wa kuondoa viungo ni matibabu ya kuchagua. Ikiwa uvimbe huo ni mzuri na umechukuliwa kwa upasuaji, utabiri ni mzuri sana. Kwa uvimbe wenye kuvamia, utabiri wa wakati ni wenye kuhifadhiwa. Ugonjwa wa Melanocyte katika nguruwe: Ugonjwa wa Melanocyte katika nguruwe ni ugonjwa wa kuzaliwa na hufanyika mara kwa mara katika nguruwe wazima wa Sinclair (Hormel) na nguruwe wadogo na Duroc. Uzalishaji wa kuchagua katika aina hizo umeongeza visa vya uvimbe. Matumbo haya hutokea kabla na baada ya kuzaliwa, mahali popote mwilini. Kwa ujumla, zinaweza kuonekana kama maules pigmented au patches na mipaka laini; kama kuongezeka, mara nyingi ulcerated pigmented lesions; au kama kina, kidogo kuongezeka, buluu misa. Mara nyingi melanoma zenye uvamizi mkubwa huhusianishwa na ugonjwa wa metastatic. Vipande vya limfu na mapafu ni sehemu za kawaida za kuenea kwa viini. Si uvimbe wote huo unaovamia, na wengi wao hufifia kwa ghafula kwa sababu ya kuingizwa kwa chembe za chembe za chembe za chembe nyingi. Ugonjwa wa melanocyte katika nguruwe haupatikani; kwa sababu ya asili ya urithi wa ugonjwa huo, kuzuia kwa uzalishaji wa kuchagua inashauriwa ikiwa uharibifu hutambuliwa mara nyingi katika kundi. Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Cattle Tumors za Melanocytic katika ng'ombe huendelea mara chache mahali popote kwenye mwili. Wanaweza kupatikana katika umri wowote lakini kwa kawaida hutambuliwa katika wanyama wachanga; aina za kuzaliwa zimetambuliwa. Inaonekana kwamba ng'ombe wa Angus wana mwelekeo wa kuambukizwa. Kwa kawaida, uvimbe huo ni mkubwa, una umbo la kifundo, una rangi nyingi kwenye uso wa upasuaji, na ni mzuri. Upasuaji ni uponyaji kwa wengi; hata hivyo, aina nadra mbaya wamekuwa kutambuliwa na metastasis mbali. Ugonjwa wa Melanocyte katika kondoo ni ugonjwa wa kawaida kwa wanyama wa umri wa kati au wazee, lakini umegunduliwa kwa watoto wachanga. Wao ni ya kawaida katika Suffolk na Angoras, ambapo wao kuonekana kama nyingi, densely pigmented dermal au subcutaneous misa. Zinaweza kuonwa kuwa mbaya; metastasis ni ya kawaida. Tumors of Melanocytic Origin in Goats Tumors za Melanocytic katika mbuzi ni nadra. Wao ni wa kawaida katika wanyama wa umri wa kati au wazee na labda katika Angoras. Kunaweza kuwa na tovuti predilection kwa ajili ya bendi coronary na udder. Majeraha huonekana kama misa ya pekee au nyingi na rangi tofauti kwenye uso wa kukata. Wengi wao hukua haraka, na ugonjwa huo huenea mara nyingi. Kwa maelezo zaidi, angalia pia maudhui ya afya ya wanyama wa kufugwa kuhusu uvimbe wa ngozi kwa mbwa. Tumors zinazoathiri ngozi au tishu chini ya ngozi ni tumors kawaida kuonekana katika mbwa. Tumors za ngozi ni ugonjwa wa kawaida katika paka, na tumors za ngozi ni aina ya tumors za ngozi. Tumors zinazoathiri ngozi au tishu chini ya ngozi ni tumors kawaida kuonekana katika paka. "Hii ni kwa sababu tumors ni ""kijani"" kwa ajili ya tumors ya ngozi, tumors ni tumors ya ngozi ya ngozi, tumors ni tumors ya ngozi ya ngozi, tumors ni tumors ya ngozi ya ngozi, tumors ni tumors ya ngozi." Uvimbe unaogusa ngozi au tishu iliyo chini ya ngozi ndio uvimbe unaoonekana kwa kawaida kwa farasi. Tumors za ngozi zinagunduliwa... soma zaidi.