|RODRIGUEZ-BONILLA, LORRAINE - University Of Puerto Rico
|MONTERO-ROJAS, MILLY - University Of Puerto Rico
|BIRD-PICO, FERNANDO - University Of Puerto Rico
|LUCIANO-ROSARIO, DIANIRIS - University Of Puerto Rico
|SIRITUNGA, DIMUTH - University Of Puerto Rico
Submitted to: PLOS ONE
Publication Type: Peer Reviewed Journal
Publication Acceptance Date: 12/3/2014
Publication Date: 12/31/2014
Citation: Rodriguez-Bonilla, L., Cuevas, H.E., Montero-Rojas, M., Bird-Pico, F., Luciano-Rosario, D., Siritunga, D. 2014. Assessment of genetic diversity of sweet potato in Puerto Rico. PLoS One. 9(12):e116184. Available: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0116184.
Interpretive Summary: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is an important food crop worldwide, which has not been genetically characterized for its conservation and adequate use in agriculture. In Puerto Rico, the genetic diversity of sweet potato has been poorly understood, although it has been part of the diet since Pre-Columbian time. Therefore, 137 landraces from different localities around Puerto Rico, together with 40 reference samples from germplasm collections and commercial varieties, were subjected to a genetic diversity analysis using 23 SSR-markers. The population structure analysis grouped PR landraces in five groups clearly separated from reference samples. The high levels of genetic diversity found in sweet potato in Puerto Rico suggest the region may be considered an important center of germplasm diversity.
Technical Abstract: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) is the seventh most important food crop due to its distinct advantages, such as adaptability to different environmental conditions and high nutritional value. Assessing the genetic diversity of this important crop is necessary due to the constant increase of demand for food and the need for conservation of agricultural and genetic resources. In Puerto Rico (PR), the genetic diversity of sweet potato has been poorly understood, although it has been part of the diet since Pre-Columbian time. Thus, 137 landraces from different localities around PR were collected and subjected to a genetic diversity analysis using 23 SSR-markers. In addition, 8 accessions from a collection grown in Gurabo, PR at the Agricultural Experimental Station (GAES), 10 US commercial cultivars and 12 Puerto Rican accessions from the USDA repository collection were included in this assessment. The results of the analysis of the 23 loci showed 255 alleles in the 167 samples. Observed heterozygosity was high across populations (0.71) while measurements of total heterozygosity revealed a large genetic diversity throughout the population and within populations. UPGMA clustering method revealed two main clusters. Cluster 1 contained 12 PR accessions from the USDA repository collection, while cluster 2 consisted of PR landraces, US commercial cultivars and the PR accessions from GAES. Population structure analysis grouped PR landraces in five groups including four US commercial cultivars. Our study shows the presence of a high level of genetic diversity of sweet potato across PR which can be related to the genetic makeup of sweet potato, human intervention and out-crossing nature of the plant. The history of domestication and dispersal of sweet potato in the Caribbean and the high levels of genetic diversity found through this study makes sweet potato an invaluable resource that needs to be protected and further studied.
"Mwanamke huyo, ambaye ni mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu cha Puerto Rico, aliandika: ""Mimi ni mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu cha Puerto Rico, na mimi ni mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu cha Puerto Rico, na mimi ni mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu cha Puerto Rico, na mimi ni mwanafunzi wa chuo kikuu cha Puerto Rico." Tathmini ya utofauti wa maumbile ya viazi tamu katika Puerto Rico. PLoS moja. 912: E116184 (Kifungu cha 912) "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Jarida la Utafiti"" (http: www.jarradeb.org) na ""Jarida la Utafiti"" (http: www.jarradeb.org) na ""Jarida la Utafiti"" (http: www.jarradeb.org) na ""Jarida la Utafiti"" (http: www.jarradeb.org)." Mfano: Mbatatisi (Ipomoea batatas L.) ni mazao muhimu ya chakula duniani kote, ambayo haijafafanuliwa kwa maumbile kwa ajili ya uhifadhi wake na matumizi ya kutosha katika kilimo. Katika Puerto Riko, utofauti wa maumbile ya viazi vitamu haujatambuliwa vizuri, ingawa imekuwa sehemu ya lishe tangu nyakati za kabla ya Columbus. Kwa hivyo, aina 137 za asili kutoka maeneo tofauti karibu na Puerto Rico, pamoja na sampuli 40 za kumbukumbu kutoka kwa mkusanyiko wa germplasm na aina za kibiashara, zilipitiwa uchambuzi wa utofauti wa maumbile kwa kutumia alama 23 za SSR. Uchambuzi wa muundo wa idadi ya watu uliweka makundi ya PR katika vikundi vitano vilivyojitenga wazi kutoka kwa sampuli za kumbukumbu. Viwango vya juu vya utofauti wa maumbile vilivyopatikana katika viazi vitamu huko Puerto Rico vinaonyesha mkoa huo unaweza kuchukuliwa kuwa kituo muhimu cha utofauti wa germplasm. Mazao ya batata (Ipomoea batata) ni mazao muhimu ya chakula kwa sababu ya faida zake tofauti, kama vile uwezo wa kukabiliana na hali tofauti za mazingira na thamani ya lishe ya juu. Utafiti wa urithi wa mazao haya muhimu ni muhimu kwa sababu ya kuongezeka kwa mahitaji ya chakula na mahitaji ya uhifadhi wa rasilimali za kilimo na urithi. Katika Puerto Rico, utofauti wa maumbile ya viazi tamu haujulikani vizuri, ingawa imekuwa sehemu ya lishe tangu nyakati za kabla ya Columbus. Kwa hivyo, aina 137 za asili kutoka maeneo tofauti karibu na PR zilikusanywa na kufanyiwa uchambuzi wa utofauti wa maumbile kwa kutumia alama 23 za SSR. Kwa kuongezea, viungo 8 kutoka mkusanyiko uliopandwa huko Gurabo, PR katika Kituo cha Majaribio ya Kilimo (GAES), aina 10 za kibiashara za Amerika na viungo 12 vya Puerto Rican kutoka mkusanyiko wa hazina ya USDA vilijumuishwa katika tathmini hii. Matokeo ya uchunguzi wa loci 23 yalionyesha aleli 255 katika sampuli 167. Heterozygosity ya jumla ya idadi ya watu ilikuwa 0.71, na kipimo cha heterozygosity ya jumla kilionyesha utofauti mkubwa wa maumbile katika idadi ya watu. Utaratibu wa makundi ya UPGMA ulifunua makundi mawili makuu. Cluster 1 ilikuwa na PR 12 kutoka kwa mkusanyiko wa hazina ya USDA, wakati cluster 2 ilikuwa na PR landraces, kulima kwa biashara ya Marekani na PR kutoka kwa GAES. Uchambuzi wa muundo wa idadi ya watu uliweka makundi ya PR landraces katika vikundi vitano ikiwa ni pamoja na aina nne za kibiashara za Marekani. Utafiti wetu unaonyesha uwepo wa kiwango cha juu cha utofauti wa maumbile ya viazi tamu katika PR, ambayo inaweza kuhusiana na muundo wa maumbile ya viazi tamu, uingiliaji wa binadamu na asili ya msalaba wa nje ya mmea. Historia ya ufugaji na kuenea kwa viazi vitamu katika Karibea na viwango vya juu vya utofauti wa maumbile vilivyopatikana kupitia utafiti huu hufanya viazi vitamu kuwa rasilimali muhimu ambayo inahitaji kulindwa na kuchunguzwa zaidi.