‘England’s difficulty is Ireland’s opportunity‘: How Irish Nationalism responded to the Great War
Joe Mooney (East Wall History Group, Dublin)
This talk will outline the difficulties of the ‘Irish question’, the movement towards Home Rule and the rise of armed bodies in 1913/1914. How did these conflicting groups react to the outbreak of war – and why did some Nationalist support the war effort while others opposed it?
The Irish rebellion of 1916 saw revolutionary nationalists, radical Trade Unionists and socialists join forces to declare an Irish Republic. Considered by some as the ultimate treason, others celebrated it as the first steps on the path to Irish Independence. In 1917 a nationwide campaign against conscription prevented its introduction.
The post war general election became a referendum on the ‘English question’, the result a landslide victory for nationalists. 1919 would witness the establishment of a separatist parliament in Dublin, an escalation of guerrilla warfare and the establishment of a ‘soviet’ in opposition to British rule.
Whose King, Whose Shilling? Irish Great War soldiers who returned to fight for freedom
The anomaly of Irishmen fighting for the British during the Great War continues to fascinate and perturb. What were the motivations of these men who owed nothing to the British crown? Were they “the misguided dupes of a perfidious Albion”? Or like Tom Barry did they go to war “for no other reason than… to see what war was like, to get a gun, to see new countries and to feel a grown man.” And ultimately, what became of those who fought in British uniforms who then saw that their destiny actually lay with fighting for Irish freedom back at home with the IRA?
‘We Make Butter, Not Profits’: The Irish Soviets, 1919-1921
Between 1919 and 1921 there was a rash of workplace occupations and the setting up of workers’ councils or soviets throughout Ireland. From Limerick to Knocklong to Bruree, workers occupied creameries, gas works, coach-building plants, clothing factories, sawmills and other workplaces. We take a look at the development of these soviets and the forces arraigned against the workers, which included the occupying British Army, union bureaucrats, the Church , the press, and Sinn Fein and the IRA.
"Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Uhusiano wa Kiingereza na Ireland"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Uingereza"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Uingereza"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Uingereza"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Ireland"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Ireland"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Ireland na Ireland"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Ireland na Ireland"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Ireland na Ireland"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Ireland"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Ireland"" na ""Uhusiano wa Ireland na Ireland.""" Vikundi hivi vilivyopingana viliitikiaje mlipuko wa vita <unk> na kwa nini baadhi ya Wanamgambo waliunga mkono jitihada za vita wakati wengine walipinga? Mapinduzi ya Ireland ya 1916 yaliwafanya wanamgambo wa kitaifa, wanaharakati wa chama cha wafanyakazi na wanasiasa waungane ili kutangaza Jamhuri ya Ireland. Wengine waliiona kuwa uhaini mkubwa, wengine waliisherehekea kama hatua ya kwanza kwenye njia ya Uhuru wa Ireland. Mwaka 1917 kampeni ya kitaifa dhidi ya utumishi wa kijeshi ilizuia kuanzishwa kwake. Uchaguzi wa jumla wa baada ya vita ukawa kura ya maoni juu ya "swali la Kiingereza", matokeo ya ushindi mkubwa kwa kitaifa. Mwaka 1919 ulishuhudia kuanzishwa kwa bunge la kujitenga huko Dublin, kuongezeka kwa vita vya wapiganaji wa kuvizia na kuanzishwa kwa "soviet" dhidi ya utawala wa Uingereza. Mfalme wa Nani, Shilling ya Nani? Askari wa vita vikuu wa Ireland waliorudi kupigana kwa uhuru wa Ireland wanaopigana kwa ajili ya Uingereza wakati wa Vita Kuu ya Uingereza wanaendelea kuvutia na kusumbua. Ni nini kilichowasukuma wanaume hao ambao hawakuwa na deni lolote kwa taji la Uingereza? Je, walikuwa "waongofu waliopotoka wa Albion yenye hila"? "Au kama Tom Barry, walienda vitani kwa sababu moja tu: kuona vita ni nini, kupata bunduki, kuona nchi mpya na kujisikia mtu mzima. ""Na hatimaye, nini kilichotokea kwa wale waliopigana katika sare za Uingereza ambao kisha waliona kwamba hatima yao kwa kweli ilikuwa na kupigana kwa uhuru wa Ireland nyumbani na IRA?" "Mwaka wa 1919-1921 kulikuwa na ""mlipuko wa kazi za kazi"" na kuanzishwa kwa halmashauri za wafanyakazi au soviets kote Ireland." Kutoka Limerick hadi Knocklong hadi Bruree, wafanyakazi walishika viwanda vya kutengeneza krimu, viwanda vya kutengeneza gesi, viwanda vya kutengeneza magari, viwanda vya kutengeneza nguo, viwanda vya kukata mbao na mahali pengine pa kazi. "Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, ""Soviet"" ni kundi la wafanyakazi wa Uingereza, pamoja na chama cha Sinn Féin, chama cha upinzani cha Ireland, na chama cha upinzani cha Ireland."