Installing an operating system was always one of kind of most basic things in computers. Because without the operating system a desktop or laptop computer is nothing but a bunch of hardware. Usually, there are several types of operating systems are out there in the industry such as Windows, macOS, Linux, Ubuntu, Android, and so on. Among all these Windows is the one of the most used operating system around the world because of its wide range of supportability. There are several versions of Windows that we know of, such as Windows 98, Windows XP (officially most used OS), Windows 7, Windows 8 (discontinued), Windows 10, and now we got even Windows 11 (the most advanced and efficient). Previously, we used to install Windows OS from a CD/DVD, and that was kind of a mess in one word. Because the DVD burner had to struggle a lot to read data from the disc if it had a lot of scratches and few other physical damages. But nowadays very few or nobody uses the disc to install the windows operating system because it used to draw a lot of time to read the data from the disc. In today's generation, most desktop or laptop computer doesn't even have a DVD burner. So, the most used method is installing Windows OS from a tiny flash drive or a pen drive, or a thumb drive. The great advantage of this method is, it is way faster than the CDs, because of the high data transmission speed of flash storage technology. Data can be read in a much faster way from a USB drive than CDs. All you have to do is to check the basic requirement and follow a few steps to make a USB drive bootable for the operating system. There are a few software that can be found online and are free to use by using which you can make a USB drive bootable and make the whole process easier.
How to make the USB bootable using Rufus:
Step-1: Insert your USB drive which is at least 8 GB or more.
Step-2: Download the Rufus software from this link: open it by clicking on (Download Rufus) it.
Step-3: On the top, you’ll notice a section named “Device” >> Select the USB drive (which you just inserted a while ago and is supposed to be a bootable device)
Step-4: Go to “Boot Selection” and select the type of setup file, for Windows it is “Disk or ISO image” file format. If you’re using Free-DOS then use Free-DOS from the dropdown.
Step-5: Now already you’re supposed to have the setup file downloaded to your hard drive, click on the “SELECT” button and select that “.iso” file.
Step-6: Now the most important thing is to select the partition type that you have on the targeted computer. To check that, use the shortcut key “Windows + R” to open the Run option. Now type “cmd” to open the command terminal.
As you can see in the image a black terminal window will appear. Type “diskpart”, it’ll ask for authorization, click on Yes to proceed next.
Now another black terminal window will appear, just simply type “list disk”. Now all the drives will appear.
Check at the right side just like shown in the image and identify whether you have a GPT or MBR type. (*) denotes the partition type of the drive.
Step-7: Select the exact Partition Scheme as you found; otherwise different partition types won’t be compatible with each other.
Step-8: Skip all the boxes shown and click on the START button to simply start the process of burning the setup file to the USB drive.
Now it’ll take some time to process the setup file. After accomplishing the entire process successfully it’ll show READY (in a green rectangle box).
Click on the CLOSE button to close the Rufus.
That means you’re ready to go. Now follow the basic stuff of installing the Windows OS.
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Kufunga mfumo wa uendeshaji daima ilikuwa moja ya aina ya mambo ya msingi zaidi katika kompyuta. Bila mfumo wa uendeshaji, kompyuta ya desktop au laptop ni kitu tu. Kwa kawaida, kuna aina kadhaa za mifumo ya uendeshaji huko nje katika sekta kama vile Windows, macOS, Linux, Ubuntu, Android, na kadhalika. Kati ya hizi zote Windows ni moja ya mfumo wa uendeshaji kutumika zaidi duniani kote kwa sababu ya mbalimbali yake ya msaada. Kuna matoleo kadhaa ya Windows ambayo tunajua, kama vile Windows 98, Windows XP (rasmi OS inayotumiwa zaidi), Windows 7, Windows 8 (iliyokoma), Windows 10, na sasa hata Windows 11 (ya juu zaidi na yenye ufanisi). Kwa mfano, wakati wa kuanzisha Windows, tulikuwa na CD-DVD, ambayo ilikuwa ni ngumu sana kuifanya iwe rahisi. DVD burner inaweza kuwa na matatizo ya kusoma data kutoka kwa diski ikiwa ina makwaruzo mengi na uharibifu mdogo wa kimwili. Lakini siku hizi ni wachache sana au hakuna mtu anatumia diski ya kufunga Windows mfumo wa uendeshaji kwa sababu kutumika kwa kuchora muda mwingi kusoma data kutoka diski. Kwa sasa, wengi wa kompyuta za desktop au laptop hawana DVD burner. Njia ya kawaida ya kuanzisha Windows ni kwa kutumia flash drive ndogo au pen drive. Njia hii ni ya haraka kuliko CD kwa sababu ya kasi ya juu ya uhamisho wa data ya teknolojia ya kuhifadhi flash. Data inaweza kusomwa kwa njia ya haraka zaidi kutoka kwa gari la USB kuliko CD. Unachohitaji kufanya ni kuangalia mahitaji ya msingi na kufuata hatua chache ili kufanya gari USB bootable kwa mfumo wa uendeshaji. Kuna programu kadhaa ambazo zinaweza kupatikana mtandaoni na ni bure kutumia, na unaweza kufanya gari la USB liweze kuanzishwa na kufanya mchakato mzima uwe rahisi. Jinsi ya kuanzisha USB kwa kutumia Rufus: Hatua ya 1: Kuingiza gari lako la USB ambalo ni angalau 8GB au zaidi Hatua ya pili: Download programu ya Rufus kutoka kiungo hiki: Fungua kwa kubonyeza (Download Rufus) Hatua ya 3: Kwenye sehemu ya juu, utaona sehemu inayoitwa <i> Device <i> Chagua gari la USB (ambalo umeweka tu muda uliopita na inapaswa kuwa kifaa cha kuanzisha) Hatua ya 4: Nenda <i> Uchaguzi wa Boot <i> na uchague aina ya faili ya kuanzisha, kwa Windows ni <i> Disk au muundo wa faili ya ISO <i>. Kama wewe ni kutumia Free-DOS kisha kutumia Free-DOS kutoka dropdown. Hatua ya 5: Sasa tayari wewe ni lazima kuwa na faili ya kuanzisha kupakuliwa kwenye diski yako ngumu, bonyeza CHagua kifungo na kuchagua kwamba.iso faili. Hatua ya 6: Sasa jambo muhimu zaidi ni kuchagua aina ya mgawanyiko kwamba una kwenye kompyuta lengo. Kuangalia kwamba, kutumia ufunguo shortcut <unk>Windows + R<unk> kufungua Run chaguo. Sasa aina <unk>cmd<unk> kufungua terminal amri. Kama unaweza kuona katika picha ya nyeusi terminal dirisha itaonekana. Aina <unk>diskpart<unk>, it<unk>ll kuuliza kwa idhini, bonyeza Ndiyo kuendelea ijayo. Sasa dirisha jingine nyeusi terminal itaonekana, tu aina tu <unk> orodha diski <unk>. Sasa madereva yote yataonekana. Angalia upande wa kulia kama ilivyoonyeshwa kwenye picha na kutambua kama una aina ya GPT au MBR. (*) inaonyesha aina ya mgawanyiko wa gari. Hatua ya 7: Chagua Exact Partition Scheme kama wewe kupatikana; vinginevyo aina tofauti ya mgawanyiko si kuwa sambamba na kila mmoja. Hatua ya 8: Kuruka masanduku yote iliyoonyeshwa na bonyeza kitufe cha START ili kuanza mchakato wa kuchoma faili ya kuanzisha kwenye kiendeshi cha USB. Sasa itachukua muda wa kusindika faili ya kuanzisha. Baada ya kukamilisha mchakato mzima kwa mafanikio itaonyesha tayari (katika sanduku la mstatili wa kijani). Bonyeza kitufe cha FUNA ili kufunga Rufus. Hiyo ina maana wewe ni tayari kwenda. Sasa kufuata mambo ya msingi ya kufunga Windows OS. Kuacha KUMBUKA kama wewe bado inakabiliwa na masuala yoyote, mmoja wetu itafikia wewe kwa msaada wa haraka. SHARE makala hiyo ikiwa inastahili wakati wako. Uwe na ufungaji wa mafanikio!