Godin Tepe in the Near East (3500-3100 BC).
At the Godin Tepe site (north of the Zagros Mountains on the Iranian-Iraqi border, valley of Kangavar, province of Kermanshah), a shard of jar revealed the presence of calcium oxalate ions in the yellowish residues of its grooves. This signature of alcoholic fermentation, together with the charred barley grains discovered in the same room of a fortress, clearly demonstrates the purpose of this jar dated 3500-3100 BC: a beer jar. .
The buildings and rooms grouped around a central space and encircled by curvilinear walls evoke a small citadel or an isolated trading post of the lower town in the valley. The material recovered within this protected area is similar to the crops of Lower Mesopotamia and Susiana, whereas in the rest of the town it is of local inspiration. Room 18 contained, next to the beer jar and barley grains, almost 2000 small spherical stones obviously intended for calculations or trade. The economic and political relations between the people of the valley and those who lived on the protected settlement are the subject of much research and debate.
Established along one of the roads linking the Mesopotamian plain to the Iranian plateau via the Kangavar valley, Godin Tepe was home to a trading colony or local elite influenced by the southern cultures of Sumer and Susiana. The expansion of this so-called urukean culture began between 4000 and 3800 BC.
The shard which bore traces of calcium oxalate, a marker of the alcoholic fermentation of infusions based on grains (starch), made it possible for the first time to determine the presence of beer in an ancient archaeological context. The McGovern laboratory (MASCA) thus proved in 1991 that its methods and analyses could be of great help to archaeologists who until then had assumed the function of the vessels on the basis of their shape or the context of the excavations, with sometimes divergent interpretations. This detection of beer had been preceded and encouraged by successful analyses of wine jars at the Godin tepe site itself and other archaeological sites in the Middle East. This first success will be followed by several others, notably in China. Each time, the analyses will postpone the date of emergence of the first beer brews to reach, to today, an age of 13,000 years at Raqefet (ancient Jordan-Palestine).
 McGovern et al. 1996, Neolithic resinated wine; Nature 381, 480–481. McGovern & Badler 1992, Chemical evidence for ancient beer; Nature 360, 24. McGovern & Badler 1993, The First Wine and Beer: Chemical Detection of Ancient Fermented Beverages; Analytical Chemistry 65: 408A-413A. McGovern Barley Beer.
 Mitchell S. Rothman (2013), Interpreting the role of Godin Tepe in the “Uruk expansion”, in ANCIENT IRAN AND ITS NEIGHBOURS, Cameron A. Petrie (ed.).
 According to the eponymous Sumerian city of Uruk, which in the 3th millennium will become the largest urban centre in the world.
Godin Tepe katika Mashariki ya Karibu (3500-3100 KK). Katika eneo la Godin Tepe (kaskazini mwa Milima ya Zagros kwenye mpaka wa Iran na Iraq, bonde la Kangavar, mkoa wa Kermanshah), kipande cha chupa kilifunua uwepo wa ioni za kalsiamu oxalate katika mabaki ya manjano ya vijiko vyake. """Hii saini ya fermentation ya pombe, pamoja na nafaka ya shayiri iliyokaushwa iliyogunduliwa katika chumba kimoja cha ngome, inaonyesha wazi kusudi la chupa hii ya 3500-3100 KK: chupa ya bia." . Majengo na vyumba vilivyounganishwa kuzunguka eneo kuu na kuzungukwa na kuta zenye umbo la mviringo huonyesha ngome ndogo au kituo cha biashara kilichokuwa kiko mbali na mji wa chini katika bonde hilo. Vifaa vilivyopatikana ndani ya eneo hili la ulinzi ni sawa na mazao ya Mesopotamia ya Chini na Susiana, wakati katika sehemu nyingine ya mji ni ya msukumo wa ndani. Chumba cha 18 kilikuwa na karibu mawe 2000 madogo ya mviringo, ambayo yalitumiwa kwa ajili ya hesabu au biashara. Uhusiano wa kiuchumi na kisiasa kati ya watu wa bonde hilo na wale walioishi katika makazi hayo ya ulinzi umekuwa jambo la utafiti na mjadala mwingi. Mji huo ulianzishwa kwenye mojawapo ya barabara zilizohusisha tambarare ya Mesopotamia na nyanda za juu za Iran kupitia bonde la Kangavar, na ulikuwa makao ya makoloni ya biashara au watu mashuhuri wa eneo hilo waliovutiwa na tamaduni za kusini za Sumer na Susa. Utamaduni wa Urukya ulianza kati ya 4000 na 3800 KK. Chembe hiyo ya bia ilikuwa na alama za kalsiamu oxalate, alama ya fermentation ya pombe ya infusion ya nafaka, na kwa mara ya kwanza iliwezesha kuamua uwepo wa bia katika muktadha wa kale wa akiolojia. Maabara ya McGovern (MASCA) ilionyesha mwaka 1991 kwamba mbinu na uchambuzi wake unaweza kuwa na msaada mkubwa kwa wataalamu wa akiolojia ambao hadi wakati huo walikuwa wamedhani kazi ya vyombo kwa msingi wa umbo lao au muktadha wa uchimbaji, na wakati mwingine tafsiri tofauti. Ugunduzi huo wa bia ulitangulia na kuchochewa na uchambuzi wa mafanikio wa mitungi ya divai katika eneo la Godin Tepe lenyewe na maeneo mengine ya akiolojia katika Mashariki ya Kati. Mafanikio haya ya kwanza yatafuatwa na mengine kadhaa, hasa nchini China. Utafiti huo unaonyesha kuwa mimea ya kwanza ya bia ilitengenezwa miaka 13,000 iliyopita huko Raqqa, Jordan. McGovern et al. 1996 Neolithic resinated mvinyo; Nature 381, 480 <unk> 481. McGovern & Badler, 1992, Uthibitisho wa kemikali kwa bia ya kale; Nature 360, 24. McGovern & Badler, The First Wine and Beer: Chemical Detection of Ancient Fermented Beverages, 1993 (Mchanganyiko wa Ki-Kemia ya Uchambuzi, 65: 408A-413A) Bia ya McGovern Barley. Mitchell S. Rothman (2013), Kufafanua jukumu la Godin Tepe katika <unk>Uruk upanuzi<unk>, katika IRAN ya kale na majirani zake, Cameron A. Petrie (ed.). Jiji la Uruk la Sumer, ambalo lilijengwa katika karne ya 3 KK, lilikuwa jiji kubwa zaidi duniani.