1990 Hydrologic Data Report – Compilation of Hydrologic Data for the Edwards Aquifer, San Antonio Area, Texas, 1990, with 1934-90 Summary
|Brown DS, Gilhousen JR and Nalley GM (US Geological Survey)
|Annual report for 1990 on recharge, discharge, water levels and water quality in the Edwards Aquifer San Antonio Region
|Edwards Underground Water District
|Edwards Aquifer - San Antonio Area
The average estimated annual ground-water recharge to the Edwards aquifer in the San Antonio area, Texas, from 1934 through 1990 was 636,700 acre-feet. Recharge in 1990 was 1,123,200 acre-feet, which is the eighth largest estimated annual recharge since 1934. The maximum annual recharge of 2,003,600 acre-feet occurred in 1987, and a minimum annual recharge of 43,700 acre-feet occurred in 1956.
The estimated annual discharge from the Edwards aquifer by wells and springs in 1990 was 730,000 acre-feet, which is the seventeenth largest calculated annual discharge since 1934. Annual discharge by wells and springs ranged from a maximum of 960,900 acre-feet in 1977 to a minimum of 388,800 acre-feet in 1955.
Water levels in many of the wells during 1990 fluctuated near the midpoint between record high and low levels, reflecting a greater-than- to about average volume of ground water in storage in the aquifer during most of the year. In 1990, water levels rose during the early winter and early spring, after which water levels generally remained about average in most of the area.
Water samples from 87 wells (including wells drilled in 1985 that transect the freshwater/saline-water interface) and 3 springs in the Edwards aquifer were analyzed for more than 90 properties or constituents, most of which affect the suitability of the water for domestic use. Concentrations of constituents in water from the freshwater zone did not exceed the maximum contaminant levels established for public water systems. Trace concentrations of volatile organic compounds, however, were detected in samples from 14 wells.
Surface-water data for the San Antonio area, which were used to calculate annual recharge to and annual discharge from the Edwards aquifer, consisted of discharge data for streams and springs and contents-data for reservoirs. These data are stored in the National Water Information System, a computerized data base operated by the U.S. Geological Survey.
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"Hitari ya Hifadhi ya Maji ya San Antonio, Texas, mwaka wa 1990: ""Hitari ya Maji ya Hifadhi ya San Antonio, Texas, Marekani, mwaka wa 1990: ""Hitari ya Maji ya Hifadhi ya San Antonio, Texas, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani, Marekani.""" Mwaka wa 1990 kilikuwa na ukubwa wa mita 1,123,200, na ni kiwango cha nane kwa ukubwa tangu mwaka wa 1934. Mwaka wa 1987 kilikuwa na kiwango cha juu cha maji ya maji ya ardhi ya akra 2,003,600 na mwaka wa 1956 kilikuwa na kiwango cha chini cha maji ya ardhi ya ardhi ya akra 43,700. Kwa mujibu wa takwimu za mwaka wa 1990 maji ya Edwards Aquifer yalipunguzwa kwa kiasi cha ekari 730,000 kwa njia ya visima na chemchemi, ambayo ni kiasi cha 17 cha maji ya Edwards Aquifer kila mwaka tangu mwaka wa 1934. Mtiririko wa maji kutoka visima na chemchemi ulizidi kufikia asilimia 96,900 mwaka wa 1977 na kufikia asilimia 388,800 mwaka wa 1955. Kiwango cha maji katika visima vingi mwaka 1990 kilibadilika karibu na katikati kati ya viwango vya juu na vya chini, ikionyesha kiasi kikubwa cha maji ya chini ya ardhi katika hifadhi ya aquifer wakati wa mwaka. Katika mwaka wa 1990, viwango vya maji viliongezeka wakati wa majira ya baridi kali na mapema ya masika, baada ya hapo viwango vya maji kwa ujumla vilibaki karibu na wastani katika eneo hilo. Kwa mfano, sampuli za maji kutoka visima 87 (ikiwa ni pamoja na visima vilivyochimbwa mnamo 1985 ambavyo vinapita kiunganishi cha maji safi na maji ya chumvi) na chemchemi tatu katika aquifer ya Edwards zilichunguzwa kwa zaidi ya mali 90 au viungo, ambavyo vingi vinaathiri usahihi wa maji kwa matumizi ya ndani. Mkusanyiko wa vipengele katika maji kutoka eneo la maji baridi haukuzidi viwango vya juu vya uchafuzi vilivyowekwa kwa mifumo ya maji ya umma. Hata hivyo, viwango vidogo vya kemikali zenye kuvuja viligunduliwa katika sampuli kutoka visima 14. Takwimu za maji ya uso kwa eneo la San Antonio, ambazo zilitumiwa kuhesabu malipo ya kila mwaka kwa na kutolewa kwa kila mwaka kutoka kwa Edwards aquifer, zilijumuisha data za kutolewa kwa vijito na chemchemi na data za maudhui kwa mabwawa. Takwimu hizo zimehifadhiwa katika mfumo wa habari wa maji wa kitaifa, ambao ni hifadhidata ya kompyuta inayotumiwa na Shirika la Uchunguzi wa Kijiolojia la Marekani. Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti wa Utafiti