What is Autism?
Autism is a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder affecting how individuals communicate and make sense of their social world. Autism affects approximately 1 in 200 individuals in Canada, making it the most common neurological disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological disorder resulting in developmental disability affecting individuals in the following areas:
- Communication and language
- Behaviour, activities, interest and play
The term "spectrum" refers to a continuum of severity or developmental impairment. Children and adults with ASD's usually have particular communication and social deficits in common, but individual differences occur within the following conditions:
- Number and certain kinds of symptoms
- Severity - mild to severe
- Age of onset
- Levels of functioning
- Challenges with social interactions
What is Applied Behavior Analysis or "ABA"?
Behavior analysis is a natural science approach to understanding observable behavior. ABA is the use of behavior analytic methods and research findings to change socially important behaviors in meaningful ways.
Behavior analytic procedures are used to strengthen existing skills and build those skills that need to be developed in the individual's repertoire. It involves breaking down skills into its component parts.
ABA programming for learners with autism and other developmental disabilities combines many research-validated methods into a comprehensive but highly individualized curriculum.
Effective ABA programming blends discrete-trial procedures with a variety of other ABA methods, including child-initiated instruction, task analysis and chaining to teach skills involving sequences of actions or steps, and natural environment teaching.
Discrete trial teaching involves presenting a series of trials to the learner, each consisting of a specific cue or instruction from the adult, an opportunity for the learner to respond, and a consequence is delivered by the adult based on the learner's response. Prompting procedures are used to initiate a connection between the task and the response.
ABA provides the best methods for managing problem behavior such as self-injurious, ritualistic, repetitive, aggressive and disruptive behavior through teaching alternative positive behaviors through functional behavior assessment and behavior support techniques.
ABA uses several techniques and principles such as reinforcement, prompting, prompt fading, extinction, shaping, chaining, generalization, visual support strategies and many other to teach the critical skills necessary to achieve independence.
What is Board Certification?
The Behavior Analyst Certification Board Inc. is a non-profit corporation established in 1998 as an awareness for credentialing needs were voiced by behaviour analysts, state governments and consumers of behaviour analysis services. The BACB's mission is to develop, promote and implement international certification program for behaviour analyst practitioners. Currently, the BACB provides professional credentials to BCBA (Board Certified Behavior Analyst) and BCABA (Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analyst). BCBA certificants must have doctoral or master's level education while individuals with BCABA certificate must have bachelor's level education. All BCABAs must practice under the qualified supervision of a BCBA.
Ramen Saggu, the Director of Pacific ABA Academy is BCBA and all Program Managers or Supervisors are currently completing the requirements to prepare for the BCBA or BCABA certification examination. Please refer to www.bacb.com for more information.
What is a BCBA-D, BCBA, OR BCABA?
Board Certified Behavior Analysts & Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analysts, BCBA & BCABA, are individuals who:
- Are independent practitioners who work as employees or subcontractors for an organization.
- Must belong to a professional association for continued professional development in the area of Applied Behaviour Analysis.
- Conduct descriptive assessments, functional analysis, and behavioral assessments.
- Provide consultation and implement effective teaching techniques and behavior management programs in public or private settings.
- Have passed the national examination in Applied Behavior Analysis in addition to completing the intensive practicum and internship hours under another qualified BCBA that are necessary to meet the requirements.
- Have completed required university courses and training in the techniques of ABA, Doctoral level for BCBA-D, Master's level for BCBA, and Bachelor's level for BCABA.
- BCBAs supervise the work of Board Certified Assistant Behavior Analysts and others who implement behavior analytic interventions.
- Educate others to create and implement ethical and effective behavior analytic interventions based on published scientific research and delivers instruction in behavior analysis.
Please refer to bacb.com for complete requirements for becoming BCBA-D, BCBA, or BCABA. It is now required that the BCABA practice under the supervision of a BCBA-D or BCBA.
Supervision of BCBA & BCABA Applicants at Pacific ABA Academy
Pacific ABA Academy is an approved practicum site for Nova Southeastern University in Florida, the University of North Texas, UBC, and other affiliates. All applicants seeking supervision must refer to bacb.com for complete requirements for becoming BCBA or BCABA. For students who have begun their coursework required to meet the BACB coursework requirements, Pacific ABA Academy can provide the Supervised Independent Fieldwork.
Pacific ABA Academy is also an approved practicum site for Douglas College students who are pursuing their certificate to become behaviour interventionists.
Ugonjwa wa akili ni nini? Autism ni ugonjwa wa neurodevelopmental unaoathiri jinsi watu wanavyowasiliana na kuelewa ulimwengu wao wa kijamii. Ugonjwa wa autism huathiri karibu 1 katika watu 200 nchini Canada, na hivyo ni ugonjwa wa neva unaopatikana kwa wingi zaidi. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) ni ugonjwa wa neva unaosababisha ulemavu wa maendeleo unaowasumbua watu katika maeneo yafuatayo: Mawasiliano na Lugha, Tabia, Shughuli, Maslahi na Mchezo. Watoto na watu wazima wenye ASD kawaida wana mawasiliano maalum na upungufu wa kijamii kwa kawaida, lakini tofauti za mtu binafsi hutokea ndani ya hali zifuatazo: Idadi na aina fulani za dalili - Uwezo - upole hadi mkali - Umri wa mwanzo - Viwango vya utendaji - Matatizo na mwingiliano wa kijamii - Uchambuzi wa Tabia ya Matumizi au ABA. Uchambuzi wa tabia ni mbinu ya sayansi ya asili ya kuelewa tabia inayoweza kuchunguzwa. ABA ni matumizi ya mbinu za uchambuzi wa tabia na matokeo ya utafiti kubadilisha tabia muhimu kijamii kwa njia zenye maana. Utaratibu wa uchambuzi wa tabia hutumiwa kuimarisha ujuzi uliopo na kujenga ujuzi ambao unahitaji kuendelezwa katika repertoire ya mtu binafsi. Inahusisha kugawanya ustadi katika sehemu zake za msingi. Programu ya ABA kwa wanafunzi wenye autism na ulemavu mwingine wa maendeleo huchanganya mbinu nyingi zilizothibitishwa na utafiti katika mtaala kamili lakini wa kibinafsi. Programu ya ABA yenye ufanisi huchanganya taratibu za majaribio tofauti na mbinu zingine za ABA, pamoja na mafundisho ya mtoto, uchambuzi wa kazi na kuunganisha ili kufundisha ujuzi unaohusisha mfululizo wa vitendo au hatua, na ufundishaji wa mazingira ya asili. Ufundishaji wa majaribio ya kutofautisha unahusisha kuwasilisha mfululizo wa majaribio kwa mwanafunzi, kila moja ikiwa na ishara maalum au maagizo kutoka kwa mtu mzima, fursa kwa mwanafunzi kujibu, na matokeo hutolewa na mtu mzima kulingana na majibu ya mwanafunzi. Maagizo ya kuchochea hutumiwa kuanzisha uhusiano kati ya kazi na majibu. ABA hutoa mbinu bora za kusimamia tabia ya tatizo kama vile tabia ya kujidhuru, ya kidesturi, ya kurudia, ya uhasama na ya kuvuruga kwa kufundisha tabia mbadala za chanya kupitia tathmini ya tabia ya kazi na mbinu za msaada wa tabia. ABA hutumia mbinu na kanuni kadhaa kama vile kuimarisha, kuchochea, kufuta haraka, kutoweka, kuunda, kuunganisha, kuunganisha, mikakati ya msaada wa kuona na mengine mengi ili kufundisha ujuzi muhimu unaohitajika kufikia uhuru. Ni nini Board Certification? The Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BAC) ni shirika lisilo la faida lililoanzishwa mwaka 1998 na wasomi wa tabia, serikali za majimbo na watumiaji wa huduma za uchambuzi wa tabia. BACB ni shirika la kimataifa la kitaaluma linalohusika katika kuendeleza, kukuza na kutekeleza programu ya kimataifa ya vyeti kwa wataalamu wa uchambuzi wa tabia. BCAB inatoa vyeti vya kitaaluma kwa BCBA (Bodi ya Mtaalam wa Utendaji wa Vyeti) na BCABA (Bodi ya Mtaalamu wa Utendaji wa Msaidizi wa Utendaji wa Vyeti). BCAA inatoa vyeti vya shahada ya kwanza, na BCAA inatoa vyeti vya shahada ya kwanza na shahada ya kwanza. BCABs wote lazima kufanya kazi chini ya usimamizi wa BCBA. Ramen Sagu, Mkurugenzi wa Chuo cha Pacific ABA, ni BCBA na Wasimamizi wote wa Programu au Wasimamizi kwa sasa wanakamilisha mahitaji ya kujitayarisha kwa mtihani wa vyeti vya BCBA au BCABA. Tafadhali angalia www.bc.com kwa habari zaidi. Ni nini BCBA-D? BCAA (Border Certified Behavior Analysts) ni wataalamu wa tabia wa kibinafsi na wafanyikazi wa kibinafsi wanaofanya kazi kama wafanyikazi wa shirika. - Lazima kuwa na uanachama wa chama cha kitaaluma kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya kitaaluma ya kuendelea katika eneo la Applied Behaviour Analysis. - Kufanya tathmini descriptive, uchambuzi kazi, na tathmini ya tabia. - Kutoa ushauri na kutekeleza mbinu za ufundishaji na programu za usimamizi wa tabia katika mazingira ya umma au binafsi. - Kupitisha mtihani wa kitaifa katika Uchambuzi wa Tabia ya Matumizi pamoja na kukamilisha masaa ya mazoezi na mafunzo ya mafunzo chini ya BCBA nyingine ya sifa ambayo ni muhimu ili kukidhi mahitaji. - Kumaliza kozi za chuo kikuu zinazohitajika na mafunzo katika mbinu za ABA, ngazi ya udaktari kwa BCBA-D, ngazi ya uzamili kwa BCBA, na ngazi ya shahada ya kwanza kwa BCABA. BCBAs kusimamia kazi ya Bodi Certified Msaidizi Behavior Wachambuzi na wengine ambao kutekeleza tabia uchambuzi uingiliaji. - Kuelimisha wengine kuunda na kutekeleza maingiliano ya uchambuzi wa tabia ya kimaadili na yenye ufanisi kulingana na utafiti wa kisayansi uliochapishwa na hutoa maagizo katika uchambuzi wa tabia. Kwa mfano, unaweza kutumia tovuti ya BBA.com ili kupata maelezo ya kina kuhusu jinsi ya kupata BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA, BBA. Kwa hivyo, ni muhimu kwamba BCAB inapaswa kuwa chini ya usimamizi wa BCAB-D. Msaada wa BBA na BBAA katika Chuo cha Pacific ABA: Chuo cha Pacific ABA ni tovuti ya mazoezi iliyokubaliwa kwa Chuo Kikuu cha Nova Southeastern huko Florida, Chuo Kikuu cha North Texas, UBC, na washirika wengine. Waombaji wote wanaotafuta usimamizi lazima watafute bacb.com kwa mahitaji kamili ya kuwa BCBA au BCABA. Kwa wanafunzi ambao wameanza masomo yao yanayohitajika ili kukidhi mahitaji ya masomo ya BACB, Chuo cha ABA cha Pasifiki kinaweza kutoa Kazi ya Shamba ya Uhuru iliyoongozwa. Chuo cha ABA Pacific pia ni tovuti ya mazoezi iliyokubaliwa kwa wanafunzi wa Chuo cha Douglas ambao wanafuatilia cheti chao kuwa waingiliaji wa tabia.