In computing, a database is an organized collection of data or a type of data store based on the use of a database management system (DBMS), the software that interacts with end users, applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze the data. The DBMS additionally encompasses the core facilities provided to administer the database. The sum total of the database, the DBMS and the associated applications can be referred to as a database system. Often the term "database" is also used loosely to refer to any of the DBMS, the database system or an application associated with the database.
Small databases can be stored on a file system, while large databases are hosted on computer clusters or cloud storage. The design of databases spans formal techniques and practical considerations, including data modeling, efficient data representation and storage, query languages, security and privacy of sensitive data, and distributed computing issues, including supporting concurrent access and fault tolerance.
Computer scientists may classify database management systems according to the database models that they support. Relational databases became dominant in the 1980s. These model data as rows and columns in a series of tables, and the vast majority use SQL for writing and querying data. In the 2000s, non-relational databases became popular, collectively referred to as NoSQL, because they use different query languages.
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Katika kompyuta, database ni mkusanyiko uliopangwa wa data au aina ya hifadhi ya data kulingana na matumizi ya mfumo wa usimamizi wa hifadhidata (DBMS), programu ambayo inashirikiana na watumiaji wa mwisho, programu, na hifadhidata yenyewe kukamata na kuchambua data. DBMS pia inajumuisha vifaa vya msingi zinazotolewa kusimamia hifadhidata. "Kama jumla ya database, DBMS na maombi kuhusishwa inaweza kuitwa ""database mfumo.""" "Kama neno ""database"" ni pia kutumika kwa urahisi kurejelea yoyote ya DBMS, mfumo wa database au maombi kuhusishwa na database." Hifadhidata ndogo zinaweza kuhifadhiwa kwenye mfumo wa faili, wakati hifadhidata kubwa zinahifadhiwa kwenye makundi ya kompyuta au uhifadhi wa wingu. Ubunifu wa hifadhidata hujumuisha mbinu rasmi na kuzingatia vitendo, ikiwa ni pamoja na uundaji wa data, uwakilishi na uhifadhi wa data, lugha za maswali, usalama na faragha ya data nyeti, na masuala ya kompyuta iliyosambazwa, ikiwa ni pamoja na kusaidia upatikanaji wa wakati mmoja na uvumilivu wa kosa. Wanasayansi wa kompyuta wanaweza kuainisha mifumo ya usimamizi wa hifadhidata kulingana na mifano ya hifadhidata ambayo wanaunga mkono. Vifaa vya kuhifadhi habari vya uhusiano vilianza kutumika katika miaka ya 1980. Data hizi ni mfano kama safu na safu katika mfululizo wa meza, na wengi kutumia SQL kwa ajili ya kuandika na kuuliza data. Katika miaka ya 2000, hifadhidata zisizo za uhusiano zilikuja kuwa maarufu, kwa pamoja zinajulikana kama NoSQL, kwa sababu hutumia lugha tofauti za maswali. Tazama zaidi kwenye Wikipedia.org