The Origin of Liberalism. Influenced by the Utilitarian philosopher Jeremy Bentham, Mill adopted a modified laissez-faire position, believing in the efficiency of free enterprise, but aware of the frequent failure of the market to maximize utility. Later refining this stance, he argued that the promotion of happiness is a moral duty (though he made a clear distinction between desirable and undesirable forms of pleasure). These ideas had a decisive influence on Mill's classic 1859 essay, perhaps the most celebrated defense of individual freedom and self-protection based on utilitarian values rather than natural right to appear in English. JOHN STUART MILL [1806-1873] was an English philosopher whose works made significant contributions to individualistic liberal political thought. He worked for the East India Company and was a Member of Parliament for one term. Mill's influence continues today in this and his other widely-read texts Utilitarianism (1863), The Subjection of Women (1869) and his Autobiography (1873).
Asili ya Ukombozi. Akiwa amevutiwa na mwanafalsafa wa Utilitarian Jeremy Bentham, Mill alichukua msimamo wa laissez-faire, akiamini katika ufanisi wa biashara huru, lakini akijua kushindwa mara kwa mara kwa soko kuongeza faida. Baadaye, alipofundisha msimamo huo, alisisitiza kwamba kukuza furaha ni wajibu wa kiadili (ingawa alifanya tofauti ya wazi kati ya aina za raha zinazotamaniwa na zisizotamaniwa). Mawazo haya yalikuwa na ushawishi mkubwa juu ya insha ya classic ya Mill ya 1859, labda utetezi maarufu zaidi wa uhuru wa mtu binafsi na kujilinda kulingana na maadili ya matumizi badala ya haki ya asili ya kuonekana katika Kiingereza. John Stuart Mill (1806-1873) alikuwa mwanafalsafa wa Uingereza ambaye kazi zake zilitoa mchango mkubwa kwa mawazo ya kisiasa ya uhuru wa mtu binafsi. Alifanya kazi kwa Kampuni ya India Mashariki na alikuwa Mbunge kwa muhula mmoja. Mill aliandika vitabu kadhaa, kama vile Utilitarianism (1863), The Subjection of Women (1869), na Autobiography (1873).