Magma is molten rock that is deep underground.
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Courtesy of Boise National Forest
Pretend that you are an explorer traveling to the center of the Earth. You would find that the deeper you travel, the hotter it gets! Beneath the crust, in the mantle layer, it is hot enough that rock can melt. When rock melts and turns into a liquid, we call it "molten". The molten rock is called magma. Magma is so hot that it glows bright white. You would need sunglasses to look at it!
If magma flows into an area underground that is less hot, it cools, becomes yellow, and then red. As it cools slowly, minerals form crystals making a plutonic rock like granite.
If magma finds a crack in the Earth and comes to the surface, it is called lava!
Last modified June 17, 2003 by Lisa Gardiner.
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Magma ni mwamba uliomwagika ulio chini ya ardhi. Piga picha kwa ukubwa kamili kwa heshima ya Boise National Forest Jifanya kama wewe ni mtafiti kusafiri kwa kituo cha Dunia. Utagundua kwamba kadiri unavyozidi kusafiri, ndivyo inavyokuwa moto zaidi! Chini ya tabaka la juu la dunia, katika tabaka la kifuniko cha dunia, kuna joto la kutosha hivi kwamba miamba inaweza kuyeyuka. Jiwe linapoyeyuka na kuwa umajimaji, sisi humwita "mchanganyiko". Jiwe hilo lililoyeyushwa huitwa magma. Magma ni moto sana hivi kwamba huangaza kwa rangi nyeupe. Unahitaji miwani ya jua ili kuitazama! Magma inapoingia katika eneo la chini ya ardhi ambalo halina joto sana, hu baridi, inakuwa ya manjano, na kisha kuwa nyekundu. Inapopungua polepole, madini hufanyiza fuwele na kutokeza mwamba wa plutoni unaofanana na graniti. Magma inapopata ufa katika Dunia na kuja juu, inaitwa lava! Mabadiliko ya mwisho yalifanywa Juni 17, 2003 na Lisa Gardiner. Huenda pia ukavutiwa na: Madini ni vipande vya mawe vinavyofanyiza miamba. Kuna aina nyingi tofauti-tofauti za madini. Zote ni imara na zote zimefanyizwa na atomu za elementi. Madini yanaweza kukua hata ingawa hayako hai. Mlima St. Helens, ulioko kwenye pwani ya magharibi ya Marekani, umekuwa ukiwaka kwa miaka 18. Lakini katika juma lililopita halikuwa na utulivu hata kidogo! Ni mlipuko wa mvuke, majivu na lava, na ni aina ya miamba ya magma ambayo hutokea chini ya ardhi. Kwa kweli, inawezekana kwamba chini ya miguu yenu, ndani sana ya Dunia kuna miamba ya volkano inayofanyizwa sasa hivi! Magma ya joto ya bahari ya Acapulco inaendelea kuzama kwa muda mrefu, na kwa sasa, magma ya joto ya bahari ya Acapulco inaendelea kuzama kwa muda mrefu zaidi kuliko magma ya bahari ya Acapulco, ambayo ni karibu kilomita 565 kusini magharibi mwa Mexico. Mlipuko wa Pasifiki Mashariki (East Pacific Rise) ni mlima ulio karibu na bahari ya Oregon, Marekani, ambao unajulikana kwa jina la Mount Hood, mlima mrefu zaidi wa Oregon, ambao umepasuka wakati wa mchanganyiko wa magma ya aina mbili. Adam Kent, mtaalamu wa jiolojia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Jimbo la Oregon, anasema hivi... zaidi Kuchunguza madini ni jambo la kufurahisha! Kuna aina nyingi tofauti-tofauti za madini. Kila moja ina jina tofauti na sifa za pekee. Unaweza kujifunza zaidi kuhusu madini kwa kutazama kwa karibu ili kuelewa... zaidi Madini haya huitwa quartz! Wakati mwingine huonekana nyeupe kama maziwa, lakini kwa kawaida huonekana wazi kama kioo, wakati mwingine na rangi ya waridi au kijivu. Unaweza kupata fuwele za quartz katika aina nyingi tofauti za...