1.1 Background of the Study
Cooperative has been the bedrock of promoting women through its numerous income-yielding ventures that will stimulate the economic status of women. According to International Cooperative Alliance, Cooperative Enterprise is a business that is organized with the sole aim of satisfying the interest of members. The central focus is not the maximization of profit like other businesses but to ensure that members socio-economic needs are met through cooperative promotion.
According to Ijere (1991) cooperative plays a significant role in promoting their members economic status by:
1. Generating employment opportunities
2. Generation of appreciable income
3. Reduction of Exodus to urban areas
4. Making old techniques perfecting new
5. Training members to become entrepreneurs
He further submits that women economic status can only be promoted through cooperative because the economic situations in the country have made it impossible to men to provide all the needs in the family.
Asaolu (2004) admits that cooperative have potential in promoting the economic status of women through capacity building. It also add that women status can be promoted through enhancement of skills acquisition enlightenment programmes organize by cooperative. Onuoha (2002) confirms that cooperative make it impossible for the rural dwellers to become shareholder and managers of their own investing by so doing, cooperative serves as an avenue for promoting women because it increases their economic capacity through convenient saving device assessment of loan and increase their standard of living.
Thus, this study seeks to empirically determine prevailing practices of women primary cooperative and their effects on women socio-economic stability.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Most women in the society have low economic status compared with their male counterpart. Cooperative through various effort and sponsorship from government, NGOs and International Organizational was programmed to prevailing the effect on women socio-economic stability but most of the government officers in charge and management committees of various societies are corrupt and women are denied access to resources that will promote their economic status in the society. Women are also denied leadership in most groups and are marginalized. This influence is seen through women’s lack of ownership of item such as land finances resources and building. A vast majority of the women folks are poorer than their male counterpart, thus they cannot participate in venture that will promote their economic position or have access to loan to enhance their business participation. In African set up, women role are relegated to be background that they have to play second fiddle. They do not have passion of an inheritance that they can use as a security to obtain loan from financial institutions. Most women do not have the take or skills to improve on their socio-economic conditions or to affect their lives of their family, since men cannot solve all their challenges and problems.
It is the light of this negative development that this study is to find out the prevailing practices of women primary cooperative and their effects on women socio-economic stability.
1.3 Objective of the Study
i. To find out the prevailing practices of women primary cooperative society.
ii. To determine the extent that cooperatives is affecting women on socio-economic stability.
iii. To identify the possible problems that is affecting cooperatives on women socio-economic stability.
1.4 Research Questions
i. What are the prevailing practices of women primary cooperatives society?
ii. To what extents do cooperatives affect women on socio-economic stability?
iii. What are the possible problems affecting cooperatives on women socio-economic stability.
1.5 Significance of the Study
This study examines the prevailing practices of women primary cooperative and their effects on women socio-economic stability, in the light of the test that most cooperative today are not viable because their members are weak, and as a weaker sex, women cannot empower themselves individually except through their collective efforts in cooperative society. The findings of this study will help and geared up cooperative and develop women to be economically strong and viable.
Secondly, government cooperative departments would see the need following the findings, to re-direct their cooperative policy in the area of women development.
Similarly, this study is of great scholarly importance as concerning students whose research problems may be related to this present can use it as a spring board or reference material for their own work.
It is also hoped that, this work would provide avenues in which cooperative will adopt the socio-economic stability of their members.
1.6 Scope of the Study
This study examines prevailing practices of women on socio-economic stability an examination of which cooperative have promoted the prevailing practices of women and of course the possible problems that is affecting women on the socio-economic stability
The study is restricted to members to Matan Makera and Peace Women Multipurpose Cooperatives both located in Kaduna Metropolis.
1.7 Operational Definition of Terminologies
§ Cooperative: Cooperative is an autonomous association of persons united voluntarily to meet their common economic, social and cultural needs, and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise.
§ Cooperative Effect: Is the degree of extra satisfaction which a member derives as a result of participating in the cooperative compare to working alone.
§ Economic: Relating to trade, industry, and the management of money.
§ Promotion: The activity of helping something to develop or increase.
§ Status: The official legal position or condition of a person, group, country etc.
§ Women: An adult female person married or unmarried.
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Mfumo wa ushirikiano wa utafiti umekuwa msingi wa kukuza wanawake kupitia biashara zake nyingi za kupata mapato ambazo zitachochea hali ya kiuchumi ya wanawake. "Kulingana na shirika la International Cooperative Alliance, ""kampuni ya ushirika ni biashara iliyoandaliwa kwa lengo la kutosheleza maslahi ya wanachama.""" Lengo kuu si kuongeza faida kama biashara nyingine lakini kuhakikisha kwamba wanachama mahitaji ya kijamii na kiuchumi ni kukidhi kwa njia ya kukuza ushirika. Kulingana na Ijerie (1991), ushirika una jukumu muhimu katika kukuza hali ya kiuchumi ya wanachama wao kwa: Kuunda fursa za ajira 2. 3.Kutoa mapato ya kutosha Kupunguza uhamiaji wa watu kwenda maeneo ya mijini 4. Kuendeleza mbinu za zamani na kuboresha mbinu mpya "Mwanamke huyo pia alisema kuwa ""kiwango cha kiuchumi cha wanawake kinaweza kuendelezwa kupitia ushirikiano kwa sababu hali ya kiuchumi nchini imefanya iwe vigumu kwa wanaume kutoa mahitaji yote katika familia.""" Asaolu (2004) anakiri kwamba ushirika una uwezo wa kukuza hali ya kiuchumi ya wanawake kupitia ujenzi wa uwezo. Pia inaongeza kwamba hali ya wanawake inaweza kukuza kupitia kuboresha ujuzi wa upatikanaji wa mipango ya ufahamu iliyoandaliwa na ushirika. "Onoha (2002) anasema, ""Kwa kuwa makampuni ya ushirika yanawafanya wakazi wa vijijini wasiwe na uwezo wa kuwa na hisa na kusimamia uwekezaji wao wenyewe, makampuni ya ushirika hutumika kama njia ya kukuza wanawake kwa sababu huongeza uwezo wao wa kiuchumi kupitia kifaa cha kuokoa na kuongeza kiwango chao cha maisha.""" Hivyo, utafiti huu inatafuta empirically kuamua mazoea ya kuenea ya wanawake msingi ushirika na athari zao juu ya wanawake kijamii na kiuchumi utulivu. Mfano wa tatizo la wanawake ni kwamba wanawake wengi wana hali ya chini ya kiuchumi ikilinganishwa na wanaume. "Kupitia juhudi mbalimbali na udhamini kutoka kwa serikali, mashirika yasiyo ya kiserikali na mashirika ya kimataifa, mpango wa ""kuathiri"" wanawake umekuwa ukiendelea, lakini maafisa wengi wa serikali wanaohusika na kamati za usimamizi wa jamii mbalimbali ni wafisadi na wanawake wanakataliwa kupata rasilimali ambazo zitaboresha hali yao ya kiuchumi katika jamii." Wanawake pia wanakataliwa uongozi katika vikundi vingi na wanahujumiwa. Uvutano huu unaonekana kupitia ukosefu wa wanawake wa umiliki wa bidhaa kama vile ardhi fedha rasilimali na ujenzi. Wanawake wengi ni maskini kuliko wanaume, hivyo hawawezi kushiriki katika biashara ambayo itaboresha nafasi yao ya kiuchumi au kupata mkopo ili kuongeza ushiriki wao katika biashara. Katika Afrika, wanawake wanashuka kwenye nafasi ya pili na wanakuwa wa pili. Hawana hamu ya urithi ambao wanaweza kutumia kama usalama kupata mkopo kutoka kwa taasisi za kifedha. Wanawake wengi hawana uwezo wa kuboresha hali zao za kijamii na kiuchumi au kuathiri maisha ya familia zao, kwani wanaume hawawezi kutatua changamoto na matatizo yao yote. Ni kwa kuzingatia maendeleo haya hasi kwamba utafiti huu ni kugundua mazoea ya wanawake ya msingi ya ushirika na athari zao kwa wanawake wa kijamii na kiuchumi. Lengo la utafiti huu ni: Ili kujua mazoea ya kawaida ya wanawake msingi ushirika jamii. ii. Kuamua kiwango ambacho vyama vya ushirika vinaathiri wanawake juu ya utulivu wa kijamii na kiuchumi. iii. Kutambua matatizo ya uwezekano ambayo ni kuathiri vyama vya ushirika juu ya wanawake kijamii na kiuchumi utulivu. 1.4 Maswali ya Utafiti Ni nini mazoea ya kawaida ya wanawake msingi vyama vya ushirika jamii? ii. Kwa nini vyama vya ushirika vinaathiri wanawake katika utulivu wa kijamii na kiuchumi? iii. Ni nini matatizo ya uwezekano kuathiri vyama vya ushirika juu ya wanawake kijamii na kiuchumi utulivu. "Utafiti huu unachunguza mazoea ya kawaida ya ushirika wa wanawake na athari zao kwa utulivu wa kijamii na kiuchumi wa wanawake, kwa kuzingatia mtihani kwamba ushirika mwingi leo hauwezi kuishi kwa sababu wanachama wao ni dhaifu, na kama jinsia dhaifu, wanawake hawawezi kujiwezesha peke yao isipokuwa kupitia juhudi zao za pamoja katika jamii ya ushirika. """ Matokeo ya utafiti huu yatasaidia na kuelekeza ushirikiano na kuendeleza wanawake kuwa na nguvu za kiuchumi na uwezo. Pili, idara za serikali za ushirika zingeona haja ya kufuata matokeo, kuelekeza tena sera yao ya ushirika katika eneo la maendeleo ya wanawake. Kwa hiyo, utafiti huu ni muhimu sana kwa wasomi, kwa kuwa wanafunzi ambao matatizo yao ya utafiti yanaweza kuhusiana na hii ya sasa inaweza kuitumia kama springboard au nyenzo ya kumbukumbu kwa ajili ya kazi yao wenyewe. Pia inatarajiwa kwamba, kazi hii itatoa njia ambazo ushirika utachukua utulivu wa kijamii na kiuchumi wa wanachama wao. Utafiti huu unachunguza mazoea ya wanawake katika utulivu wa kijamii na kiuchumi, na uchunguzi wa ushirika ambao umeendeleza mazoea ya wanawake na bila shaka matatizo yanayoweza kuwa yanamathiri wanawake katika utulivu wa kijamii na kiuchumi. "Kuna taarifa ya shirika la kijamii la ""Cooperative"" ambayo inasema: ""Kampuni ya ushirikiano ni shirika la watu walioungana kwa hiari ili kukidhi mahitaji yao ya kiuchumi, kijamii na kitamaduni, na matarajio yao kwa njia ya biashara inayomilikiwa na kudhibitiwa kidemokrasia." Msaada wa ushirikiano: ni kiwango cha kuridhika zaidi ambacho mwanachama hupata kutokana na kushiriki katika ushirikiano ikilinganishwa na kufanya kazi peke yake. § Kiuchumi: Kihusiana na biashara, viwanda, na usimamizi wa pesa. <p>Uendelezaji: Shughuli ya kusaidia kitu kukua au kuongezeka. Hali: Nafasi rasmi ya kisheria au hali ya mtu, kundi, nchi nk. • Wanawake: Mtu mzima wa kike aliyeolewa au asiyeolewa. Huwezi kupata kile unachokitafuta? Weka mkataba na mwandishi wa programu ya elimu ili ufanye kazi kwenye mada yako au piga simu 0704-9502. Endelea kuajiri mwandishi <unk>