A modern F1 car has more than 1km of cables in it.
Modern F1 cars are packed with electronics systems which govern a huge range of features. The Electronic Control Unit (ECU) is the heart which controls various systems on the car to make sure they work to maximum effect. One of the things the ECU controls is the differential – this controls the rotational speed between the rear wheels on the entry and exit of corners. It also controls inlet trumpet height and fuel injection to help maintain maximum torque.
The ECU will also control the clutch and gearbox. The clutch is only ever controlled by the driver when starting a car from standstill (such as at the race-start). When changing up a gear, it lets the driver keep their foot flat to the floor; when changing down a gear, it will match the engine and transmission speeds to prevent driveline snatch.
Engine mappings can change from circuit to circuit, depending on the speed and twistiness of the track. In a circuit such as Monza, the driver will apply the throttle quickly out of chicanes so the accelerator will be adjusted so that a tiny amount of movement on the pedal results in greater acceleration. At a circuit such as Monaco, the system helps the driver to maintain greater throttle control by making the first half of pedal travel very sensitive, and the latter half of pedal travel to be less sensitive. This system gives the driver greater control through the twisty bends.
Almost every part of the car is measured during a race from the pit wall. There are two main types of telemetry – microwave and real-time. When a car passes the pitwall, a burst of data about 4MB big is sent to the team’s computers. When the car is in the pits, about 40 MB of data can be downloaded via a laptop plugged into the car. This type of telemetry is known as microwave telemetry and is important because it gives the engineers a good idea of how well the car is performing. When on the track, the car is constantly sending smaller pieces of information to the team, such as track position. This is known as real-time telemetry.
Gari la F1 la kisasa lina zaidi ya kilomita moja ya nyaya ndani yake. Magari ya F1 ya kisasa yana vifaa vya elektroniki ambavyo huongoza vipengele vingi. Electronic Control Unit (ECU) ni mfumo wa kiufundi wa gari ambayo huongoza na kudhibiti mfumo wa gari ili kuhakikisha kwamba mfumo huo unafanya kazi kwa ufanisi. Moja ya mambo ECU udhibiti ni tofauti <unk> hii udhibiti mzunguko kasi kati ya magurudumu ya nyuma juu ya kuingia na kutoka pembe. Pia inadhibiti urefu wa tarumbeta ya kuingia na sindano ya mafuta kusaidia kudumisha torque ya juu. ECU pia kudhibiti clutch na gearbox. Clutch ni tu milele kudhibitiwa na dereva wakati wa kuanza gari kutoka kusimama (kama vile katika mbio-kuanza). Wakati wa kubadilisha gear, inaruhusu dereva kuweka mguu wao gorofa kwa sakafu; wakati wa kubadilisha gear chini, italingana injini na kasi ya usambazaji ili kuzuia driveline snatch. Ramani ya injini inaweza kubadilika kutoka mzunguko hadi mzunguko, kulingana na kasi na twistiness ya kufuatilia. Katika mzunguko kama vile Monza, dereva ataweka throttle haraka nje ya chicanes, hivyo kuongeza kasi itakuwa umebadilishwa hivyo kiasi kidogo cha harakati juu ya pedal matokeo katika kuongeza kasi. Katika mzunguko kama Monaco, mfumo husaidia dereva kudumisha udhibiti mkubwa wa throttle kwa kufanya nusu ya kwanza ya safari ya pedal nyeti sana, na nusu ya mwisho ya safari ya pedal kuwa chini nyeti. Mfumo huo humpa dereva udhibiti mkubwa zaidi katika pembe zenye kupindukia. Karibu kila sehemu ya gari hupimwa wakati wa mashindano kutoka ukutani wa pit. Kuna aina mbili kuu za telemetry <unk> microwave na wakati halisi. Wakati gari linapopita pit wall, data kubwa ya karibu 4MB hutumwa kwa kompyuta za timu. Wakati gari ni katika mashimo, karibu 40 MB ya data inaweza kupakuliwa kupitia kompyuta ndogo iliyounganishwa kwenye gari. Telemetry ya microwave ni muhimu kwa sababu inawapa wahandisi wazo nzuri la jinsi gari linavyofanya kazi. Wakati kwenye track, gari ni daima kutuma vipande vidogo vya habari kwa timu, kama vile track nafasi. Hii inajulikana kama telemetry ya wakati halisi.