Early detection is key when treating frostbite, says Robert Glatter, MD, an assistant professor of emergency medicine at Northwell Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City. Without proper medical care, frostbite can contribute to complications like sensitivity to cold, long-term numbness, joint stiffness, gangrene, and hypothermia, per Mayo Clinic. Seek medical attention if you experience signs of severe frostbite. These include white or blue-gray skin, loss of sensation or an inability to feel cold, joint and muscle malfunction, blisters that appear 24 to 48 hours after rewarming, or tissue that has turned black and hard.
How Do You Know When You’re at Risk for Hypothermia?
Hypothermia happens when your body loses heat faster than it can produce it, and your body temperature drops dangerously low (below 95 degrees F), according to Mayo Clinic. This drop in body temperature prevents your heart, nervous system, and other organs from working normally.
“Hypothermia is a medical emergency,” says Dr. Glatter. “As your body temperature drops, your heart, brain, and internal organs cannot function. Without aggressive resuscitation and rapid rewarming, you will ultimately not survive.” Glatter notes that one of the first signs of hypothermia is shivering (as your body tries to produce heat), followed by slower breathing and heart rate in the second stage, along with confusion and sleepiness.
“The insidious thing about hypothermia is that it often causes impaired cognition, which affects the ability to recognize what’s wrong, so the hypothermia can get worse,” says Bradley J. Uren, MD, an assistant professor of emergency medicine at the University of Michigan Medical School in Ann Arbor; Penn Medicine also describes this phenomenon. Dr. Uren and Glatter both note that the impairment can make someone look intoxicated, stumble, and speak incoherently — hypothermia mimics a stroke in this way — but checking your temperature can give some insight into where these symptoms are coming from.
If you’re sweating or wet for another reason your risk of hypothermia increases. (Remember: Snow melts, especially when it gets under your coat and onto your skin.) So if you’re a die-hard runner and have to get your miles in or plan to be outside and active in the snow, take precautions to stay dry. When the temperature drops, wear a synthetic base layer to wick away moisture, according to the Cleveland Clinic. The Cleveland Clinic then advises you to layer up; you can take these extra layers off and tie them around your waist as you start getting hot on your run.
“That’s your ideal way to protect yourself against not only the outside elements, but to help protect you from sweat that could inadvertently contribute to hypothermia,” says Uren. “Water, in any form, is the greatest enemy.”
Even if you’re planning to stay dry, being outside during extremely cold temps in inappropriate clothing can put you at risk for hypothermia.
What to Wear if You Have to Be Outside in the Extreme Cold
If you have to be outside, make sure you dress for it (and plan ahead so you can avoid being outside for too long). Regardless of the activity you’re doing outdoors (be it shoveling snow, walking your dog, or commuting to work), layering will keep your whole body warm in this kind of weather. “Go for looser rather than tighter layers, because it keeps a layer of air between the cloth. That air will stay warm and take longer to cool, as opposed to the cloth itself, which can cool down from outside temperatures,” Ford and the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) note. In cold, wet weather, wear wool instead of cotton, because wool repels moisture and helps you maintain dry, warm air in your clothing layers, the AAD adds.
To protect your lungs, use a scarf or a ski mask (or even a pulled-up sweater to cover your mouth and nose), suggests Mayo Clinic Health System. Just as you do when layering clothes, keep a buffer zone between your face and the fabric to give the air a place to warm up before it hits your lungs, Ford says.
Don’t forget to wear a hat and gloves or mittens, either. Cleveland Clinic advises that, contrary to popular belief, you don’t lose any more heat from your head than from other body parts, but the head does have a large surface area of skin. A hat helps because you’re covering up more of that exposed skin. If he has to work outside, Ford wears a pair of thin gloves and then outer gloves, and slips hand warmers between the inner and outer gloves; the thin gloves protect his hands from potential damage from the hand warmers.
One area vulnerable to frostbite that many people tend to neglect is the skin around their eyes. Uren suggests wearing ski goggles to protect against the wind and retain heat if you must be outside in extreme cold.
Keep in mind that the air is very, very dry when it’s super cold, and will draw moisture from your body, causing you to lose fluids quickly. If you’re breathing hard while outside, be sure to keep water handy in a stainless steel, vacuum-sealed thermos to avoid dehydration.
Uren also keeps a shovel, emergency kit, zero-degree sleeping bag, and boots in his trunk during the winter in case of unplanned, emergency exposure to the elements.
How to Successfully Manage Chronic Disease in Extremely Cold Weather
If you’re healthy and have your skin and airways fully covered, you likely will be fine outside for 10-minute stints when the windchill is at or slightly below 0 degrees F, Uren says. But if you’re managing a disease, you may need to be extra cautious in extremely cold temperatures. Here’s why.
Asthma For anyone, inhaling extremely cold air exposes moist lung tissue to the cold and can cause airways to tighten and feel constricted. If you have asthma, you’re at risk of immediately feeling short of breath, wheezing, and coughing, according to Harvard Health Publishing. If you’ve been instructed to use a rescue inhaler, that can help. “But if you have difficulty breathing, you shouldn’t wait. Go to the nearest emergency department,” Uren says.
Diabetes Because of the body’s changes in blood circulation in the cold, blood sugar levels in folks with diabetes can be erratic, mostly in type 1 diabetes, but it’s also possible in type 2 diabetes, Ford says. If you’re feeling dizzy or weak when you come back inside, check your blood sugar. If you’re using insulin and you keep it in the car, bring it inside so the medication doesn’t freeze, per the CDC.
If you have diabetic neuropathy, or nerve damage, be aware that you may not be able to feel when your feet are getting too cold and you are at risk for frostbite, according to the University of Rochester Medical Center.
Arthritis Arthritis may act up in very cold weather. “I’m not aware if anybody has found a medical basis for it, but I see people having more joint pain,” Uren says. If you have to shovel snow, Ford suggests taking some anti-inflammatory drugs first and breaking the work into 10-minute shifts. Once you’ve warmed up inside and have feeling back in your hands, it’s safe to go out. If you know the cold is a trigger for your joint pain, talk to your doctor to have an action plan.
Autoimmune disease Raynaud’s phenomenon is a condition affecting blood flow that results in your fingers and toes undergoing extreme changes even in normal cold weather; your extremities may turn very white, then turn blue or red when they warm up. The causes aren’t well understood, Ford says, but it puts patients at greater risk for frostbite. Raynaud’s can occur on its own or in association with a variety of autoimmune diseases, particularly lupus, and less frequently with rheumatoid arthritis, past research shows. With Raynaud’s, it’s often painful to go out in cold weather, so you should limit your time outside and wear extra gloves and use hand warmers if you do go out.
Cancer If you’re in an immunosuppressed state, as those with cancer are, you’re more at risk for complications from communicable diseases like the cold and flu during the winter. In addition, those undergoing active cancer treatment may be more sensitive to harm from cold exposure because of anemia and dehydration, which can compromise their ability to maintain a healthy temperature, and they also may have neuropathy from chemotherapy, which increases the susceptibility to frostbite, according to Northwestern Medicine. It’s best to talk to your oncologist to discuss your specific cold weather risks if you have cancer.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Because every case of COPD is different, it’s important to pay attention to what your body is telling you. “Most people I take care of understand, ‘If I go outside and it’s colder than x degrees, I’m going to have a problem.’ Some have found that wrapping a scarf [around their mouth and nose] to breathe warm air helps, but that doesn’t work for everyone,” Uren says. If your COPD is poorly managed, plan ahead to stay inside and work with friends and family to make sure you have everything you need.
Heart disease Cold temperatures can add strain to your cardiovascular system, making your heart work harder, which can put you at greater risk of heart attack, according to Northwestern Medicine. If you’re managing heart disease, be careful about doing strenuous activity. For example, instead of shoveling snow, consider hiring your neighbor’s kid or a service to do it. “The combination of very cold weather and a lot of heavy snow can put a strain on anybody,” Uren says.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) Ford says it’s hard to predict how the cold can affect IBD. “Most of the inflammation is in the intestines, and that’s part of the core that would be the last part to feel the effects of the cold weather,” he says. “It’s certainly possible that prolonged exposure could make the situation worse, but it would be unlikely to happen from a brisk walk outside.”
Long COVID People with long COVID need to take extra caution in the cold temperatures and snow, says Glatter. According to a review published in July 2021 in the BMJ, lung function and capacity may be reduced for some time after a COVID-19 infection, leading to a higher risk of infection and disease, so Glatter advises those with long COVID to remain at home when temperatures are low to avoid the risk of secondary pneumonia, influenza, and other respiratory viruses. “At the very least, we must advise extra precautions in patients with long COVID; they should make sure to wear a well-fitted N95, KN95, or KF94 mask, particularly in all indoor settings with other people, and in those with poor ventilation,” says Glatter.
Mental health condition “For people with seasonal affective disorder, bipolar disorder, or depression, having to stay inside for long periods of time can be problematic,” says Pedro L. Dago, MD, an assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine in Chicago. To manage symptoms, he recommends maintaining a sleep schedule and exercise regimen, and getting as much sunlight as possible. If it’s not possible to go outside, he suggests opening curtains and blinds to let light into your home (and Johns Hopkins Medicine suggests sitting near a window). Be sure to apply sunscreen before exposure to the sun, and choose a product with an appropriate SPF based on the intensity of the sun where you are — yes, even if you’re inside. And don’t let the cold temperatures prevent you from seeking help if you need immediate attention, Dr. Dago says: “There tends to be a decrease in the number of people we see in the emergency department when it gets extremely cold outside, but no one should wait to get the care they need.” Take the precautions already mentioned if you need to venture out, but don’t delay care.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) People with MS may need to take more precautions to maintain mobility in the cold weather than in warmer weather. The cold can exacerbate pain or weakness, per the Multiple Sclerosis Foundation, but the highest risk is loss balance and slips and falls on ice. “You just have to be careful,” Ford says.
Skin conditions Cold, dry winter weather may exacerbate symptoms of eczema and psoriasis, according to Cleveland Clinic and the National Psoriasis Foundation. It’d be a delayed response — you wouldn’t see the effects within minutes of being in the cold — and it should stop as soon as you get into a warm environment. To avoid this, be sure to keep your skin moisturized while you’re indoors. Ford suggests following your normal treatment or medication plan and covering up when you go outside.
Why Preparation Is Key for Surviving the Extreme Cold
One thing to keep in mind: If you’ve lived in an area that has historically had extremely cold temperatures, your body may respond differently to the weather than someone who is from a warmer region. “A lot has to do with what you’re used to and have adapted to,” Ford says. “The body is pretty resilient and has a lot of defense mechanisms.”
Still, manageable steps like dressing in appropriate layers, taking indoor breaks when you’re working outside, and remembering to take it slow on icy roads and sidewalks will help you avoid the pitfalls of winter weather.
“As ER doctors, we’re trying to put ourselves out of business,” Uren says. “We see the bad outcomes associated with extreme weather and so many could be really easily prevented.”
"Uchunguzi wa mapema ni muhimu wakati wa kutibu baridi kali, ""anasema Robert Glatter, MD, profesa msaidizi wa matibabu ya dharura katika Hospitali ya Northwell Lenox Hill huko New York City." Bila matibabu sahihi, baridi kali inaweza kusababisha matatizo kama vile hisi ya baridi, kukosa hisia kwa muda mrefu, ugumu wa viungo, gangrene, na hypothermia. Tafuta matibabu ikiwa una dalili za kuugua kwa sababu ya baridi kali. Hizi ni pamoja na ngozi nyeupe au bluu-kijivu, kupoteza hisia au kutokuwa na uwezo wa kuhisi baridi, pamoja na misuli dysfunction, vidonda kwamba kuonekana masaa 24-48 baada ya rewarming, au tishu ambayo imekuwa nyeusi na ngumu. Unajuaje Wakati Unao Hatarini ya Kupatwa na Joto la Chini? Hypothermia ni hali ambayo mwili hupoteza joto kwa kasi kuliko inavyoweza kuzalisha, na joto la mwili hupungua kwa kiwango cha chini sana (chini ya 95 ° F). Kupungua kwa joto la mwili huzuia moyo wako, mfumo wa neva, na viungo vingine visitumie kwa kawaida. "Hipothermia ni hali ya dharura ya kitiba", asema Dakt. Glatter. <unk>Joto la mwili wako linapopungua, moyo wako, ubongo, na viungo vya ndani haviwezi kufanya kazi. Bila resuscitation ya haraka na joto la haraka, hatimaye hutaishi. <unk> Glatter anasema kwamba moja ya dalili za kwanza za hypothermia ni kutetemeka (kama mwili wako unajaribu kuzalisha joto), ikifuatiwa na kupumua polepole na kiwango cha moyo katika hatua ya pili, pamoja na kuchanganyikiwa na usingizi. "Hiyo ni kwa sababu ya hali ya joto la mwili, ambayo inaweza kuathiri uwezo wa kutambua nini ni makosa, hivyo hypothermia inaweza kuwa mbaya zaidi, ""Bradley J. Uren, MD, profesa msaidizi wa matibabu ya dharura katika Chuo Kikuu cha Michigan Medical School katika Ann Arbor, anasema." Uren na Glatter wote wawili wanabainisha kwamba udhaifu huo unaweza kumfanya mtu aonekane amelewa, apate kukwazika, na kuongea bila kuelewana - hypothermia huiga kiharusi kwa njia hii - lakini kuangalia joto lako kunaweza kutoa ufahamu fulani juu ya wapi dalili hizi zinatoka. Kama wewe ni sweating au mvua kwa sababu nyingine hatari ya hypothermia huongezeka. (Kumbuka: Theluji huyeyuka, hasa inapopanda chini ya koti lako na kwenye ngozi yako.) Kwa hiyo ikiwa wewe ni mkimbiaji mwenye bidii na lazima upate maili zako au unapanga kuwa nje na kufanya kazi katika theluji, chukua tahadhari ya kukaa kavu. Wakati joto la joto linapopungua, vaa kitambaa cha msingi cha synthetic ili kuondoa unyevu, kulingana na Kliniki ya Cleveland. Kliniki ya Cleveland inashauriwa kuondoa tabaka za ziada na kuzifunga kwenye kiuno chako wakati unapozidi kuwa moto. "Hiyo ni njia yako bora ya kujilinda dhidi ya si tu mambo ya nje, lakini kusaidia kulinda wewe kutoka jasho ambayo inaweza bila kukusudia kuchangia hypothermia", anasema Uren. "Maji, katika fomu yoyote, ni adui mkubwa. ""Hata kama wewe ni mipango ya kukaa kavu, kuwa nje wakati wa joto baridi sana katika nguo zisizofaa inaweza kuweka wewe katika hatari ya hypothermia." Ikiwa unafanya kazi nje ya nyumba, hakikisha umevaa vizuri na uwe tayari kwa muda mrefu. Bila kujali shughuli unayofanya nje (iwe ni kuondoa theluji, kutembea na mbwa wako, au kwenda kazini), kuweka tabaka kutaweka mwili wako wote ukiwa moto katika hali hii ya hewa. Chagua tabaka laini badala ya laini, kwa sababu hilo huhifadhi tabaka la hewa kati ya kitambaa. "Hii itafanya hewa iwe moto na kuchukua muda mrefu baridi, kinyume na kitambaa yenyewe, ambayo inaweza baridi chini kutoka joto nje, ""Ford na American Academy of Dermatology (AAD) taarifa." Kwa sababu ya hali ya hewa ya baridi, kuvaa sufu badala ya pamba ni muhimu kwa sababu huondoa unyevu na kusaidia kudumisha hewa kavu na joto katika nguo zako. Kwa hivyo, kwa sababu ya hali ya hewa, unaweza kutumia kifuniko cha ski au sweta ya kufunika pua yako, kulingana na Mayo Clinic. "Kama vile unavyofanya wakati wa kuweka nguo, kuweka eneo la buffer kati ya uso wako na kitambaa kutoa hewa mahali pa kupasha joto kabla ya kugonga mapafu yako. """ Usisahau kuvaa kofia na kinga au mittens, ama. Kliniki ya Cleveland inashauri kwamba, kinyume na imani ya kawaida, hupoteza joto zaidi kutoka kichwa chako kuliko kutoka sehemu nyingine za mwili, lakini kichwa kina eneo kubwa la uso wa ngozi. Kofia husaidia kwa sababu unashughulikia ngozi zaidi iliyo wazi. Ikiwa anafanya kazi nje, Ford huvaa jozi ya kinga nyembamba na kisha kinga za nje, na huingiza joto la mkono kati ya kinga za ndani na za nje; kinga nyembamba huhifadhi mikono yake kutokana na uharibifu wa uwezekano kutoka kwa joto la mkono. Sehemu inayoweza kuathiriwa na baridi kali ambayo watu wengi hupuuza ni ngozi iliyo karibu na macho yao. Uren anapendekeza kuvaa miwani ya kuteleza kwenye theluji ili kujilinda dhidi ya upepo na kuhifadhi joto ikiwa lazima uwe nje katika baridi kali. Kumbuka kwamba hewa ni kavu sana, kavu sana wakati ni baridi sana, na itachukua unyevu kutoka kwa mwili wako, ikikusababisha kupoteza umajimaji haraka. Ikiwa unapumua kwa bidii unapokuwa nje, hakikisha una maji karibu katika thermos ya chuma cha pua iliyofungwa kwa utupu ili kuepuka upungufu wa maji mwilini. Uren pia anaweka jembe, kit ya dharura, mfuko wa kulala wa digrii sifuri, na buti katika sanduku lake wakati wa majira ya baridi kali kwa kesi ya kuambukizwa kwa hali ya dharura isiyo na mpango. "Uren anasema, ""Ikiwa wewe ni afya na kuwa na ngozi yako na njia za hewa kufunikwa kikamilifu, uwezekano utakuwa faini nje kwa stints dakika 10 wakati windchill ni katika au kidogo chini ya 0 ° F.""" Lakini ikiwa unashughulikia ugonjwa, huenda ukahitaji kuwa mwangalifu zaidi katika halijoto baridi sana. Hapa ni kwa nini. Kwa mtu yeyote, kupumua hewa baridi sana hufunua tishu ya mapafu yenye unyevunyevu kwa baridi na inaweza kusababisha njia za hewa kufyatua na kuhisi kufungwa. Ikiwa una pumu, una hatari ya kuhisi upesi upungufu wa pumzi, kupiga kelele, na kikohozi, kulingana na Harvard Health Publishing. Ikiwa umeagizwa utumie kichocheo cha kuokoa, hicho kinaweza kusaidia. Lakini ikiwa una ugumu wa kupumua, hupaswi kusubiri. Nenda kwenye idara ya dharura iliyo karibu zaidi, <unk> anasema Uren. "Kwa sababu ya mabadiliko ya mwili katika mzunguko wa damu wakati wa baridi, viwango vya sukari ya damu katika watu wenye ugonjwa wa kisukari vinaweza kuwa ""visivyo sawa,"" haswa katika ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 1, lakini pia inawezekana katika ugonjwa wa kisukari wa aina ya 2,"" Ford anasema." Ikiwa unahisi kizunguzungu au udhaifu unaporudi ndani, angalia sukari yako ya damu. Ikiwa unatumia insulini na unaiweka ndani ya gari, ilete ndani ili dawa isiwe baridi, kwa CDC. Ikiwa una ugonjwa wa kisukari au uharibifu wa neva, kumbuka kuwa huenda usiweze kuhisi wakati miguu yako inakuwa baridi sana na uko katika hatari ya kuumia kwa baridi kali, kulingana na Chuo Kikuu cha Rochester Medical Center. Arthritis Arthritis inaweza kuonekana wakati wa baridi kali. "Sijui kama kuna mtu yeyote amepata msingi wa kitiba kwa hilo, lakini naona watu wana maumivu zaidi ya viungo", Uren anasema. Ikiwa unataka kuondoa theluji, Ford anapendekeza kuchukua dawa za kuzuia uvimbe kwanza na kugawanya kazi katika zamu za dakika 10. Mara tu unapokuwa umejitahidi ndani na kuwa na hisia tena mikononi mwako, ni salama kwenda nje. Ikiwa unajua kuwa baridi ni kichocheo cha maumivu ya viungo, wasiliana na daktari wako ili uwe na mpango wa hatua. Ugonjwa wa Raynaud ni hali ya kuathiri mtiririko wa damu ambayo husababisha vidole vya mikono na vidole vya miguu kupitia mabadiliko makubwa hata katika hali ya hewa baridi ya kawaida; viungo vya mwili vinaweza kuwa nyeupe sana, kisha kuwa bluu au nyekundu wakati wa joto. Ford anasema kwamba visababishi havijulikani vizuri, lakini huwafanya wagonjwa wawe na hatari kubwa ya kuumia kwa sababu ya baridi kali. Ugonjwa wa Raynaud unaweza kutokea peke yake au ukishirikiana na magonjwa mbalimbali ya kinga ya mwili, hasa ugonjwa wa lupus, na mara chache zaidi na ugonjwa wa viungo vya nyuzinyuzi, utafiti wa zamani unaonyesha. Kwa Raynaud, ni mara nyingi uchungu kwenda nje katika hali ya hewa baridi, hivyo unapaswa kupunguza muda wako nje na kuvaa glavu za ziada na kutumia handwarmers kama wewe kufanya kwenda nje. Kama wewe ni katika hali ya immunosuppressed, kama wale na kansa ni, wewe ni zaidi katika hatari ya matatizo kutoka magonjwa ya kuambukiza kama baridi na mafua wakati wa majira ya baridi. Kwa kuongezea, wale wanaopitia matibabu ya saratani ya kazi wanaweza kuwa na nyeti zaidi kwa madhara ya kufichuliwa na baridi kwa sababu ya upungufu wa damu na ukosefu wa maji mwilini, ambayo inaweza kuhatarisha uwezo wao wa kudumisha joto la afya, na wanaweza pia kuwa na neuropathy kutoka kwa chemotherapy, ambayo huongeza uwezekano wa baridi kali. Ni bora kuzungumza na oncologist yako kujadili hatari yako maalum ya hali ya hewa baridi kama una kansa. Kwa sababu kila kesi ya COPD ni tofauti, ni muhimu kuzingatia kile mwili wako unakuambia. "Watu wengi ninaowatunza wanaelewa, ""Ikiwa nitaenda nje na ni baridi zaidi ya digrii x, nitakuwa na tatizo.""Wengine wamegundua kwamba kuzunguka kifuniko [kuzunguka mdomo na pua yao] ili kupumua hewa ya joto husaidia, lakini hiyo haifanyi kazi kwa kila mtu, "Uren anasema." Ikiwa ugonjwa wako wa COPD hauendelezi vizuri, kupanga mapema kukaa ndani na kufanya kazi na marafiki na familia ili kuhakikisha una kila kitu unachohitaji. Joto la joto la joto linaweza kuongeza mzigo kwa mfumo wako wa moyo na mishipa, na kufanya moyo wako ufanye kazi kwa bidii, na hivyo kukuweka katika hatari kubwa ya mshtuko wa moyo, kulingana na Northwestern Medicine. Ikiwa unashughulikia ugonjwa wa moyo, uwe mwangalifu kuhusu kufanya shughuli nyingi. Kwa mfano, badala ya kuondoa theluji, fikiria kuajiri mtoto wa jirani yako au huduma ya kufanya hivyo. "Mchanganyiko wa hali ya hewa baridi sana na theluji nyingi inaweza kumsumbua mtu yeyote", Uren anasema. Ugonjwa wa uvimbe wa matumbo (IBD) Ford anasema ni vigumu kutabiri jinsi baridi inaweza kuathiri IBD. "Uvimbe mwingi uko katika matumbo, na hiyo ni sehemu ya kiini ambayo itakuwa sehemu ya mwisho kuhisi athari za hali ya hewa baridi", anasema. "Ni hakika inawezekana kwamba mfiduo wa muda mrefu unaweza kuharibu hali, lakini haiwezekani kutokea kutoka kwa kutembea kwa kasi nje. ""Watu wenye COVID ya muda mrefu wanahitaji kuwa waangalifu zaidi katika joto la baridi na theluji, ""Glatter anasema." Kulingana na utafiti uliochapishwa mnamo Julai 2021 katika BMJ, kazi ya mapafu na uwezo wa mapafu inaweza kupunguzwa kwa muda baada ya maambukizo ya COVID-19, na kusababisha hatari kubwa ya maambukizo na magonjwa, kwa hivyo Glatter anapendekeza wale walio na COVID ya muda mrefu wabaki nyumbani wakati joto ni la chini ili kuepuka hatari ya nimonia ya sekondari, homa, na virusi vingine vya kupumua. "Kama kiwango cha chini, lazima tuwashauri tahadhari za ziada kwa wagonjwa walio na COVID ya muda mrefu; wanapaswa kuhakikisha kuvaa kinyago cha N95, KN95 au KF94, haswa katika mazingira yote ya ndani na watu wengine, na kwa wale walio na uingizaji hewa mbaya. """ "Kwa watu wenye ugonjwa wa msimu wa hisia, ugonjwa wa bipolar, au unyogovu, kuwa ndani kwa muda mrefu inaweza kuwa tatizo, ""anasema Pedro L. Dago, MD, profesa msaidizi wa magonjwa ya akili na sayansi ya tabia katika Chuo Kikuu cha Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine huko Chicago." Ili kudhibiti dalili, anapendekeza kudumisha ratiba ya usingizi na mazoezi, na kupata nuru ya jua nyingi iwezekanavyo. Ikiwa haiwezekani kwenda nje, anapendekeza kufungua mapazia na mapazia ili kuruhusu mwanga kuingia nyumbani kwako (na Johns Hopkins Medicine inapendekeza kukaa karibu na dirisha). Tafadhali chagua bidhaa yenye SPF inayofaa kulingana na nguvu ya jua mahali ulipo - hata ikiwa uko ndani. "Na usiruhusu joto la chini kukuzuia kutafuta msaada ikiwa unahitaji uangalifu wa haraka, ""Dago anasema: ""Kuna mwelekeo wa kupungua kwa idadi ya watu tunaowaona katika idara ya dharura wakati wa baridi kali nje, lakini hakuna mtu anayepaswa kusubiri kupata huduma wanayohitaji. "" Chukua tahadhari zilizotajwa hapo juu ikiwa unahitaji kwenda nje, lakini usichelewesha huduma." Watu wenye ugonjwa wa MS wanaweza kuhitaji kuchukua tahadhari zaidi ili kudumisha mwendo katika hali ya hewa baridi kuliko katika hali ya hewa ya joto. "Ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa wa ugonjwa.""" "Lazima tu uwe mwangalifu", Ford anasema. Hali ya ngozi: Hali ya hewa ya baridi na kavu ya majira ya baridi kali inaweza kuzidisha dalili za eczema na psoriasis, kulingana na Kliniki ya Cleveland na Shirika la Taifa la Psoriasis. Ingekuwa majibu ya kucheleweshwa <unk> huwezi kuona athari ndani ya dakika ya kuwa katika baridi <unk> na inapaswa kuacha mara tu unapopata katika mazingira ya joto. Ili kuepuka jambo hilo, hakikisha kwamba ngozi yako ina unyevunyevu unapokuwa ndani ya nyumba. Ford anapendekeza kufuata matibabu yako ya kawaida au mpango wa dawa na kufunika wakati unapoenda nje. Kwa nini Maandalizi ni muhimu kwa Kuokoka baridi kali Jambo moja la kukumbuka: Ikiwa umekuwa ukiishi katika eneo ambalo kwa kihistoria limekuwa na joto la chini sana, mwili wako unaweza kujibu hali ya hewa tofauti na mtu ambaye ni kutoka mkoa wa joto. "Mengi yanahusiana na kile unachokizoea na ambacho umejirekebisha nacho", Ford anasema. Mwili ni pretty resilient na ina mengi ya taratibu za ulinzi. bado, hatua manageable kama kuvaa katika tabaka sahihi, kuchukua mapumziko ndani ya nyumba wakati wewe ni kufanya kazi nje, na kukumbuka kuchukua ni polepole juu ya barabara ya barafu na vijia itakusaidia kuepuka mitego ya hali ya hewa ya majira ya baridi. "Kama madaktari wa ER, tunajaribu kujiweka nje ya biashara", Uren anasema. "Tunaona matokeo mabaya yanayohusiana na hali ya hewa kali na mengi yanaweza kuzuiwa kwa urahisi sana".