Information and communication has swept the world with powerful force affecting the society. Supported in its entirety by the communication technology, information spread vastly become faster and cheaper. The media through which information is disseminated also gets varied in types, further revolutionizing the information era. In the past, there is a significant time lag separating the point when an event took place and the time when the news may be publicly available. This study attempts to investigate the impact of information and communication in news process: a study of AIT and NTA. It is presumed that the radical changes brought in the realm of information through Information and Communication Technology ICT revolution has affected immensely the broadcast more than any other industry. In the same way, the level of adoption and absorption of Information and Communication Technology are being carried out in broadcast industry by bringing efficiencies in all the functional wings including production.
editorial and marketing so as to gain competitive advantage. We cannot but say that ICT facilitates the creation, storage, management and dissemination of information by electronic means. This study uncovered some of the numerous benefits and challenges associated with the use of ICT in news processing in broadcast industry. This study employs diffusion of innovation theory and technological determinism theory as the theoretical framework. This study concludes that ICT has created opportunities for widespread electronic delivery of news. Furthermore, the Internet can be viewed as both an opportunity and a threat to the news industry. However, not only are there technology barriers that news organizations need to overcome to deliver news electronically, but there are also problems of employee attitudes toward new technologies and resistance to change, and above all, the implication of this in the society will lead to an overall shrink in the need for human correspondents
1.1 BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY
Before we explore the impact of ICT on news process lets look at the words of Silverstone 2000 as he pointed out Media are changing, have changed, radically. Our century has seen the telephone, film, radio, television become both objects of mass consumption and essential tools for the conduct of everyday life. We are now confronted by the spectre of a further intensification of mediated culture, through the global growth of the Internet and the promise some might say the threat of an interactive world in which nothing and no one cannot be accessed, instantly. Much of contemporary debate draws on a sense of the speed of these various changes and developments, but mistakes the speed of technological change, or indeed of commodity change, for the speed of social and cultural change. There is a constant tension between the technological, the commercial and the social, a tension that must be addressed if we are to recognize media as indeed a process of mediation. Silverstone 2000
To a large extent, it is believed that Information is the primary input as well as the final output of a broadcast industry. It collects raw information and converts it into categorized, defined and useful pieces of information. Therefore it will not be an exaggeration to say that the radical changes brought in the realm of information through Information and Communication Technology ICT revolution are bound to affect the broadcast industry more than any other industry. The adoption and absorption of Information and Communication Technology are being carried out in broadcast industry by bringing efficiencies in all the functional wings including production, editorial and marketing so as to gain competitive advantage. Gester 2003 points out that ICT facilitates the creation, storage, management and dissemination of information by electronic means.
Operationally ICTs comprise digital devices either notifies the hard wares, or softwares for transferring information. It includes low cost means of communication like radio, GSM/mobile phones and digital television.
In the same vein, Adekomi in Soforowa 2009 see ICT as the integration and utilization of computer technologies for the purpose of disseminating information to a target destination or consumer without the constraint of time and space
Information and Communication technology in broadcast news gathering in on the increase by reporters and editors. Its benefits are being recognized at every point of the entire supply chain of news. Technology development and absorption in broadcast industry has improved the packaging of news. The profuse use of online content and facilities has led to high productivity and efficiency at a reduce cost. Lapham, 1995 The wide range of recording of news with high sophistication, editing database, photo imaging, and mixing software provided cuttingedge facilities to broadcast industry. The use of telefax, websites, online database, and web based information sites, and online readers and newsmakers, made the cumbersome job of information collection and reporting easier than ever before. It would not be wrong to postulate that whole nature of editorial job has changed under the influence of IT.
Information and communication technologies ICT is an umbrella term that covers all technical means for processing and communicating information. The term has gained popularity partially due to the convergence of information technology IT and telecom technology. ICT defines a broad range of technologies, including methods for communication communication protocols, transmission techniques, communications equipment, media communication, as well as techniques for storing and processing information computing, data storage, etc.
Also, Information and communication technologies ICT are often associated with hightech devices, such as computers and software, but ICT also encompasses more conventional technologies such as radio, television and telephone technology.
The term, information and communication technology ICT refers to forms of technology that are used to transmit, store, create, share or exchange information. This broad definition of ICT includes such technologies as: radio, television, video, DVD, telephone both fixed line and mobile phones, satellite systems, computer and network hardware and software; as well as the equipment and services associated with these technologies, such as videoconferencing and electronic mail. Wikepedia.2009.
Rogers in Berniger 2005:2, states that communication technology is the hardware equipment, organizational structures, and social values by which individuals collect, process, and exchange information with other individuals.
In the same way, high technology approaches to news processing have set in motion an evolution in strategies of news gathering in the first half of this decade. Central to these new approaches is the use of personal computer, Williams and Sawyer 2003:3 pointed out that a computer is a programmable, multiuse machine that accept data raw fact and figures, manipulate and process it into information that we can use, such as summaries, totals or reports its purpose is to speed up problem solving and increase productivity.
Communication technologies are the nervous system of contemporary society, transmitting and distributing sensory and control information, and interconnectivity a myriad of interdependent units Rogers cited Berniger 2005:4. One of the hallmarks of industrial revolution was the introduction of new communication technologies as mechanisms of
control that played an important role in almost every area of the production and the distribution of manufactured goods. Rogers cited Berniger 2005:4
Collins 2003: 65, argues that the number of transistors on a chip as crude measure of the computing power, doubles approximately every 18 months since 1967, because of this steady advancement in hardware, it is feasible for computers to solve very complex problems in a relative short time. In addition to this increase in processing, there has been an increase in the amount of storage available and the amount of information that can be transmitted over data communication network. The adoption of personal computers as a news reporting tool is a two prong approach to news processing commonly known as computer assisted reporting. Computerassisted reporting CAR, includes both a onlinebased newsgathering that uses specialized commercial services and Internetbased services, such as the World Wide Web, and b databaseoriented analysis using existing and originally created databases from both the public and private sectors Garrison, 1995.
As personal computers became less expensive in the past decade, the devices began to appear in newsrooms around the nation and their uses in newsgathering began to expand. At the same time, the computing power and speed of desktop computers have also increased, permitting reporters to attempt many of the same tasks for which they would have used larger mainframe or midrange computer systems just a few years earlier.
Between 1994 and 1996, computerassisted reporting has moved toward a second stage in its development. Instead of being limited to special investigative teams or to desks whose reporters work exclusively on such reporting, some newsrooms have begun to move toward total integration in newsrooms. This has been facilitated by the conversion in some newsrooms of dedicated wordprocessing computer systems devoted solely to production to PCbased local area networks capable of production and to enhance broadcast news, but also capable of all other PCtype functions, such as online connections and data processing or analysis Garrison, 1996.
In the past few decades information and communication technology has transformed the world in all spheres of life. Its potential for reducing manual operations and fostering growth in the media has increased rapidly. According to Okoye 2000:195, computer technology has enhanced news processing and news reporting. With the Internet, journalist can now click on relevant sites to source for foreign or even local news for subsequent broadcast news, this will likely lead to an overall shrink in the need for human correspondents.
The importance of computer technology as a tool for news processing cannot be overemphasized. The adoption of computer technology in broadcast industry has revolutionized and enhanced news processing. Access to information is fundamental to empowerment, recognizing the impact of increasing digital convergence on media has created an enabling environment to ensuring peoples access to information through the adoption of this technology.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
It could be argued that the employment of computer technology in the newsroom and in news processing will increase cost, as money would have to be invested into acquiring both hardware and software creating or building websites, include remunerations for personnel that would man and constantly maintain them. However, going by global trends, which foretell an increase in the employment and the deployment of computer technology in news processing, in order to achieve better efficiency, accuracy, and speed up operations of news processing, Gester 2003 points out that ICT facilitates the creation, storage,
Gester 2003 points out that ICT facilitates the creation, storage, management and dissemination of information by electronic means, Abiahenu 2006 pointed that ICT facilitates communication and processing of information, saves time and reduce cost.
However, when information technology is discussed, it puts people out of jobs. The reverse is often the case. This technology takes over mechanical assignment and frees individuals for more intellectual productive work Similarly, if this technology will achieve its overall objective, there is need for faster and more accurate means of solving manual operations of data processing and better storage devices for information and data as provided by the computer system, the complexities of modern technology have produced great mathematical, scientific, and engineering problem and hence, enhanced news processing. The Nigerian broadcast and print media like other facet of life and human endeavour in the country have embraced information and communication technology to some extent.
In this vein, this study tends to investigate the challenges facing media organization with a view of finding out the effect of the use of information and communication technology in news processing. Also, we will identify the constraints to the use of information technology in news processing.
1.3PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
1.To ascertain the impact of information and communication technology ICT in news processing in Nigeria.
2.To investigate the constraints to the use of information and communication technology in news processing in Nigeria.
3.To identify the various ways ICT enhances news processing in Nigeria .
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
What is the impact of information and communication technology ICT in news processing in Nigeria
What are the constraints to the use of information and communication technology in news processing in Nigeria
In what ways can ICT enhance news processing in Nigeria
1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
According to the Wikipedia encyclopedia Information technology IT or Information and communications technology ICT is a broad subject concerned with technology and other aspects of managing and processing information, especially in large organizations. This draws attention to the fact that ICT involves technology that can be used to communicate or rather to convey messages.
ICT has had several effects on news men, with some of them seen as advantages while others as disadvantages, the computer and the
modem, along with many other ICT hardware and software innovations and services, have placed a high point of a very significant stage of development in the history of human communication, often called, the information society, and have transformed the way many men and women work in the media and entertainment industries. It is believed that ICT has brought about significant changes in the job. ICT has led to the generation of more and well researched news. With the coming of mobile phones, you can call your news sources at anytime and get news and moreover wellbalanced and researched news. When it comes to the Internet, news and program backgrounders are always available. Think of any topic you are working, from health, education, lifestyle, to environment you cannot fail to get information to help you enrich your story especially with those hard to get facts coupled with pictures. The Internet has surely transformed the newsroom to greater heights. It is important to note that this comes as a result of globalization and it is also a cause of globalization in one way. As a matter of fact, information and communication technology ICT has bridged the gap of distance and solve the problem of transportation, journalists can now file in their story from any part of the country, where an Internet access is available. Recognizing the fact the Internet offers greater editorial freedom and the ability to publish breaking news. More so, Internet skills help to provide media professionals with the tools they need to develop alternative news outlets.
Ultimately, the adoption of these technologies have tremendously revolutionalized the media house towards profitability. This technology has enhanced cost of production, improved quality of product; however, the effect of this technology would result to reduction in staff as most of the operations would be done by information and communication personnel.
Carisson 2005:204, argues that, The development of innovative information technologies and the ongoing processes of deregulation and
concentration of ownership, have spurred the pace of globalization especially communications satellites and digitalization not least the Internet have had an enormous impact. ICT has helped to bring closer communicators and receivers to the extent that feedback is swift. This in turn makes communication process participatory, useful and development focused as it centers on the audience. Servaes and Malikhao 2005;91, argue that, Participatory, which necessitates reasoning and moreover trust will help reduce the social distance between communicators and receivers, between teachers and learners, between leaders and followers as well as facilitate a more equitable exchange of ideals this draws attention to the fact that ICT has made exchange of ideas between communicators and receivers easy hence making the communication process people centered. In the same way, considering the fact that the use of information and communication technology has reduced stress and cost implication in the tedious operations in the media industry. Its adoption in Nigeria will increase profitability and ease the stress associated with paperwork. Besides, promoting open Internet news uses information and communication technologies ICT in innovative ways to strength local and independent media.
Students are not left out, as they will be abreast with the various forms of information and communication technology ICT tools employ in news processing and reporting, the constraints to the use of this technology in news processing in Nigeria. Better still, this study provide a clearer view of the challenges faced with the information and communication technology personnel as regard this technology, in order for them to upgrade and to move with the trend in information and communication technology so as not to fade out in this ever changing technology.
Habari na mawasiliano yameenea ulimwenguni kwa nguvu kubwa inayoathiri jamii. Kwa kuungwa mkono kabisa na teknolojia ya mawasiliano, habari kuenea sana kuwa haraka zaidi na nafuu. Vyombo vya habari ambavyo habari husambazwa kupitia pia hupata aina mbalimbali, zaidi ya kuleta mapinduzi katika enzi ya habari. Katika siku za nyuma, kuna muda mkubwa wa kuchelewesha kutenganisha hatua wakati tukio lilipotokea na wakati ambapo habari inaweza kuwa inapatikana kwa umma. Utafiti huu unajaribu kuchunguza athari za habari na mawasiliano katika mchakato wa habari: utafiti wa AIT na NTA. Inasemekana kwamba mabadiliko makubwa yaliyoletwa katika ulimwengu wa habari kupitia mapinduzi ya Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano (ICT) yameathiri sana utangazaji zaidi ya tasnia nyingine yoyote. Kwa njia hiyo hiyo, kiwango cha kupitishwa na kunyonya kwa Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano kinafanywa katika tasnia ya utangazaji kwa kuleta ufanisi katika mrengo wote wa kazi ikiwa ni pamoja na uzalishaji. Uchapishaji na uuzaji ili kupata faida ya ushindani. "Tunaweza kusema kwamba teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (ICT) inawezesha uundaji, kuhifadhi, usimamizi na usambazaji wa habari kwa njia ya elektroniki.""" Utafiti huu ulifunua baadhi ya faida nyingi na changamoto zinazohusiana na matumizi ya ICT katika usindikaji wa habari katika tasnia ya utangazaji. Utafiti huu hutumia kuenea kwa nadharia ya uvumbuzi na nadharia ya kuamua teknolojia kama mfumo wa nadharia. Utafiti huu unahitimisha kwamba ICT imeunda fursa za utoaji wa habari wa elektroniki kwa wingi. Isitoshe, Intaneti yaweza kuonwa kuwa fursa na tisho kwa sekta ya habari. "Hata hivyo, sio tu kuna vizuizi vya teknolojia ambavyo mashirika ya habari yanahitaji kushinda ili kutoa habari kwa njia ya elektroniki, lakini pia kuna matatizo ya mitazamo ya wafanyikazi kuelekea teknolojia mpya na upinzani wa mabadiliko, na juu ya yote, athari ya hii katika jamii itasababisha kupungua kwa jumla kwa mahitaji ya waandishi wa habari wa kibinadamu. "" - Silverstone, ""Mashirika ya Habari yanabadilika, yamebadilika, kwa kiasi kikubwa.""" Karne yetu imeona simu, filamu, redio, televisheni kuwa vitu vya matumizi ya wingi na zana muhimu kwa ajili ya mwenendo wa maisha ya kila siku. Sasa tunakabiliwa na roho ya kuongezeka kwa utamaduni wa uwakilishi, kupitia ukuaji wa ulimwengu wa mtandao na ahadi, wengine wanaweza kusema, tishio la ulimwengu wa maingiliano ambapo hakuna kitu na hakuna mtu anayeweza kupatikana mara moja. Mjadala mwingi wa kisasa hutegemea hisia ya kasi ya mabadiliko na maendeleo haya mbalimbali, lakini hukosea kasi ya mabadiliko ya kiteknolojia, au hata mabadiliko ya bidhaa, kwa kasi ya mabadiliko ya kijamii na kitamaduni. Kuna mvutano wa mara kwa mara kati ya teknolojia, biashara na kijamii, mvutano ambao lazima kushughulikiwa ikiwa tunatambua vyombo vya habari kama mchakato wa upatanishi. Silverstone 2000: Habari ni kiingilio cha msingi na matokeo ya mwisho ya sekta ya utangazaji. Inakusanya habari mbichi na kuibadilisha kuwa sehemu za habari zilizoorodheshwa, zilizofafanuliwa na zenye manufaa. Kwa hiyo, si jambo la kupita kiasi kusema kwamba mabadiliko makubwa yaliyoletwa katika ulimwengu wa habari kupitia mapinduzi ya Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano (ICT) yanapaswa kuathiri sekta ya utangazaji zaidi kuliko sekta nyingine yoyote. Kupitisha na kunyonya Teknolojia ya Habari na Mawasiliano (ICT) ni kazi inayofanywa katika sekta ya utangazaji kwa kuleta ufanisi katika sehemu zote za kazi, ikiwa ni pamoja na uzalishaji, uhariri na uuzaji, ili kupata faida ya ushindani. "Gester 2003 anasema ""TIC inafanya kazi kwa kuunda, kuhifadhi, kusimamia na kueneza habari kwa njia ya elektroniki.""" Operesheni ICT ni pamoja na vifaa vya digital ama anatoa taarifa ya bidhaa ngumu, au programu kwa ajili ya uhamisho wa habari. Ni pamoja na njia ya gharama nafuu ya mawasiliano kama redio, GSM / simu za mkononi na televisheni ya digital. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya Ademio Soforova, ""Thamani za Habari na Mawasiliano ni ushirikiano na matumizi ya teknolojia za kompyuta kwa madhumuni ya kueneza habari kwa lengo au mteja bila kizuizi cha muda na nafasi.""" Faida zake zinatambuliwa katika kila hatua ya mlolongo mzima wa usambazaji wa habari. Maendeleo ya teknolojia na kunyonya katika sekta ya utangazaji imeboresha ufungaji wa habari. Matumizi ya wingi wa maudhui ya mtandaoni na vifaa imesababisha uzalishaji wa juu na ufanisi kwa kupunguza gharama. Lapham, 1995: Mpangilio wa rekodi ya habari na ubunifu wa juu, kuhariri hifadhidata, picha ya picha, na programu ya kuchanganya ilitoa vifaa vya hali ya juu kwa tasnia ya utangazaji. Kutumia simu, simu za mkononi, mtandao wa habari, na vifaa vya kuwasiliana na watu, na pia kutumia vifaa vya kuwasiliana na watu, ni kazi rahisi sana kuliko wakati mwingine wowote. Haitakuwa vibaya kudhani kwamba asili nzima ya kazi ya uhariri imebadilika chini ya ushawishi wa IT. Teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (ICT) ni neno la jumla linalojumuisha njia zote za kiufundi za usindikaji na mawasiliano ya habari. Neno hili limepata umaarufu kwa sehemu kutokana na kuungana kwa teknolojia ya habari (IT) na teknolojia ya mawasiliano ya simu. "Tikadi za mawasiliano ya kijamii (ICT) ni ""teknolojia mbalimbali, ikiwa ni pamoja na mbinu za mawasiliano, itifaki za mawasiliano, mbinu za mawasiliano, vifaa vya mawasiliano, mawasiliano ya vyombo vya habari, pamoja na mbinu za kuhifadhi na usindikaji wa habari, kompyuta, kuhifadhi data, na kadhalika.""" Teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (ICT) ni moja ya teknolojia za kisasa zaidi, na kwa hivyo ni muhimu kwa teknolojia ya teknolojia ya kisasa kama vile kompyuta, kompyuta, na vifaa vya mawasiliano, lakini pia ni muhimu kwa teknolojia ya kisasa kama vile redio, televisheni, na simu. Teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (ICT) ni aina ya teknolojia inayotumiwa kusambaza, kuhifadhi, kuunda, kushiriki au kubadilishana habari. Ufafanuzi huu wa ICT unajumuisha teknolojia kama vile: redio, televisheni, video, DVD, simu, simu za simu, mifumo ya satelaiti, kompyuta na vifaa vya mtandao na programu, pamoja na vifaa na huduma zinazohusiana na teknolojia hizi, kama vile mikutano ya video na barua pepe. Wikipedia - Wikipedia "Kama Rogers anavyosema katika Berniger 2005: ""Teknolojia ya mawasiliano ni vifaa vya vifaa, miundo ya shirika, na maadili ya kijamii ambayo watu hukusanya, kusindika, na kubadilishana habari na watu wengine.""" Kwa njia hiyo hiyo, mbinu za teknolojia ya juu za usindikaji wa habari zimeanzisha mageuzi katika mikakati ya kukusanya habari katika nusu ya kwanza ya muongo huu. "Kutokana na utafiti wa Williams na Sawyer, ""kompyuta ni mashine ya programu, ya matumizi mengi ambayo inakubali data, ukweli, takwimu, na kuifanya kuwa habari ambayo tunaweza kutumia kama muhtasari, jumla au ripoti." Teknolojia ya mawasiliano ni mfumo wa neva wa jamii ya kisasa, kusambaza na kusambaza habari ya hisia na udhibiti, na kuunganisha idadi kubwa ya vitengo vinavyotegemea Rogers Berniger 2005 Moja ya sifa za mapinduzi ya viwanda ilikuwa kuanzishwa kwa teknolojia mpya za mawasiliano kama utaratibu wa udhibiti ambao ulicheza jukumu muhimu katika karibu kila eneo la uzalishaji na usambazaji wa bidhaa zinazozalishwa. "Berniger, Robert J. Rogers, na Collins, Robert J. Collins, na Collins, J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J. J Kwa kuongezea ongezeko hili la usindikaji, kumekuwa na ongezeko la kiasi cha kuhifadhi inapatikana na kiasi cha habari ambayo inaweza kupitishwa juu ya mtandao wa mawasiliano ya data. "Kutumia kompyuta kama chombo cha kutoa habari ni njia ya ""mbili"" ya usindikaji wa habari inayojulikana kama ""ripoti inayosaidiwa na kompyuta.""" "Kutumia kompyuta kusaidia ripoti, CAR ni pamoja na ""online-msingi newsgathering kwamba hutumia huduma maalumu kibiashara na huduma za mtandao kama vile World Wide Web, na b database-oriented uchambuzi kutumia zilizopo na awali iliyoundwa database kutoka sekta ya umma na binafsi.""" Kama kompyuta binafsi akawa chini ya gharama katika muongo uliopita, vifaa vilianza kuonekana katika newsrooms kote taifa na matumizi yao katika newsgathering kuanza kupanua. Wakati huo huo, nguvu za kompyuta na kasi ya kompyuta za desktop pia zimeongezeka, kuruhusu waandishi wa habari kujaribu kazi nyingi zile zile ambazo wangetumia mifumo mikubwa ya kompyuta ya kati au ya kati miaka michache tu mapema. Tangu mwaka wa 1994 hadi 1996, ripoti za kompyuta zimekuwa zikitumiwa sana katika nchi nyingi. Badala ya kuwa na timu maalum za uchunguzi au meza ambazo waandishi wa habari hufanya kazi tu juu ya ripoti kama hizo, baadhi ya vyumba vya habari vimeanza kusonga kuelekea ushirikiano kamili katika vyumba vya habari. Hii imesaidiwa na kubadilisha katika baadhi ya newsrooms ya maalumu wordprocessing mifumo ya kompyuta wakfu tu kwa uzalishaji kwa PC-msingi mitandao ya eneo la ndani uwezo wa uzalishaji na kuboresha matangazo ya habari, lakini pia uwezo wa kazi nyingine zote PC-aina, kama vile uhusiano online na data usindikaji au uchambuzi. Katika miongo michache iliyopita teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano imebadilisha ulimwengu katika nyanja zote za maisha. Uwezekano wake wa kupunguza shughuli za mikono na kukuza ukuaji katika vyombo vya habari umeongezeka kwa kasi. "Kulingana na O'Keefe, ""teknolojia ya kompyuta imeboresha usindikaji wa habari na ripoti za habari.""" Kwa kuwa mtandao wa sasa unawawezesha waandishi wa habari kuvinjari tovuti zinazohusiana ili kupata habari za kigeni au hata za ndani kwa ajili ya matangazo ya baadaye, hii inawezekana kusababisha kupungua kwa mahitaji ya waandishi wa habari. Umuhimu wa teknolojia ya kompyuta kama chombo cha kuchanganua habari hauwezi kusisitizwa kupita kiasi. Kupitishwa kwa teknolojia ya kompyuta katika sekta ya utangazaji kumebadilisha na kuboresha usindikaji wa habari. Upatikanaji wa habari ni muhimu kwa kuwezesha, kutambua athari ya kuongezeka kwa kuunganisha dijiti kwenye vyombo vya habari imeunda mazingira ya kuwezesha kuhakikisha watu kupata habari kupitia kupitishwa kwa teknolojia hii. "Kulingana na ripoti ya ""Soma"" ya mwaka huu, matumizi ya teknolojia ya kompyuta katika chumba cha habari na katika usindikaji wa habari itaongeza gharama, kwani pesa zinapaswa kuwekezwa katika kupata vifaa na programu, kuunda au kujenga tovuti, na kujumuisha malipo kwa wafanyakazi ambao watafanya kazi na kudumisha mara kwa mara." "Kama ni pamoja na kuendeleza teknolojia ya kompyuta katika utengenezaji wa habari, kuimarisha ufanisi, usahihi na kasi ya shughuli za utengenezaji wa habari, Gester 2003 inaonyesha kwamba teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano inawezesha uundaji, kuhifadhi, usimamizi na usambazaji wa habari kwa njia ya elektroniki.""" Hata hivyo, wakati teknolojia ya habari inapojadiliwa, inawaondoa watu kazini. Mara nyingi hali ni kinyume chake. Teknolojia hii inachukua kazi ya mitambo na kuwaweka huru watu kwa ajili ya kazi zaidi ya ubunifu wa akili. kwa hiyo, kama teknolojia hii itapata lengo lake la jumla, kuna haja ya njia ya haraka na sahihi zaidi ya kutatua shughuli za mwongozo wa usindikaji wa data na vifaa bora vya kuhifadhi habari na data kama inavyotolewa na mfumo wa kompyuta, utata wa teknolojia ya kisasa umesababisha matatizo makubwa ya hisabati, kisayansi, na uhandisi. Vifaa vya habari vya Nigeria, kama vile sehemu nyingine za maisha na juhudi za kibinadamu nchini, vimekubali teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano kwa kiwango fulani. Katika suala hili, utafiti huu unaelekea kuchunguza changamoto zinazokabili shirika la vyombo vya habari kwa lengo la kujua athari ya matumizi ya teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano katika usindikaji wa habari. Pia, tutagundua vikwazo vya matumizi ya teknolojia ya habari katika usindikaji wa habari. "Kuchunguza ""Utaratibu wa Utafiti wa Habari na Mawasiliano"" katika Nigeria" 2.Kuchunguza vikwazo vya matumizi ya teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano katika usindikaji wa habari nchini Nigeria. "Kuchunguza ""njia mbalimbali za ICT kuboresha usindikaji wa habari nchini Nigeria.""" "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya ""Utafiti wa teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano"" (ITIC) ya Wikipedia, teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (ITIC) ni ""msingi wa habari na mawasiliano"" na ""msingi wa habari na mawasiliano"" na ""msingi wa habari na mawasiliano"" na ""msingi wa habari na mawasiliano"" na ""msingi wa habari na mawasiliano"" na ""msingi wa habari na mawasiliano"" na ""msingi wa habari na mawasiliano"" na ""msingi wa habari na mawasiliano"" na ""msingi wa habari.""" Hii inahamasisha ukweli kwamba ICT inahusisha teknolojia ambayo inaweza kutumika kuwasiliana au badala yake kupeleka ujumbe. "Kama vile teknolojia ya teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano ya kijamii (ICT) ilivyosababisha mabadiliko makubwa katika maisha ya watu, kompyuta na modem, pamoja na teknolojia nyingine nyingi za teknolojia ya mawasiliano ya mawasiliano (ICT), zimetokeza hatua muhimu sana katika historia ya mawasiliano ya binadamu, mara nyingi huitwa ""jamii ya habari,"" na zimebadilisha njia ambayo wanaume na wanawake wengi hufanya kazi katika sekta ya vyombo vya habari na burudani." Inasemekana kwamba ICT imeleta mabadiliko makubwa katika kazi. Teknolojia ya mawasiliano na mawasiliano imesababisha kuzaliwa kwa habari zaidi na zilizochunguzwa vizuri. Kwa kuwa simu za mkononi zimetumiwa, unaweza kupiga simu kwa kila mtu na kupata habari za habari na habari za habari zilizochunguzwa vizuri. Linapohusu Intaneti, habari na programu za nyuma zinapatikana sikuzote. Fikiria juu ya mada yoyote unayofanya kazi, kutoka kwa afya, elimu, mtindo wa maisha, hadi mazingira, huwezi kukosa kupata habari ili kukusaidia kutajirisha hadithi yako, haswa na ukweli ambao ni ngumu kupata pamoja na picha. Bila shaka, Intaneti imebadili sana hali ya waandishi wa habari. Ni muhimu kutambua kwamba hii inakuja kama matokeo ya utandawazi na pia ni sababu ya utandawazi kwa njia moja. Teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (ICT) imepunguza umbali na kutatua tatizo la usafiri, sasa waandishi wa habari wanaweza kuandika hadithi zao kutoka sehemu yoyote ya nchi ambapo kuna mtandao. Kutambua ukweli kwamba mtandao hutoa uhuru mkubwa wa uhariri na uwezo wa kuchapisha habari za karibuni. Zaidi ya hayo, ujuzi wa mtandao husaidia kutoa wataalamu wa vyombo vya habari na zana wanahitaji kuendeleza vyombo vya habari mbadala. Mwishowe, kupitishwa kwa teknolojia hizi kumebadilisha sana nyumba ya vyombo vya habari kuelekea faida. Teknolojia hii imeboresha gharama za uzalishaji, ubora wa bidhaa; hata hivyo, athari ya teknolojia hii itasababisha kupunguzwa kwa wafanyakazi kama shughuli nyingi zitafanywa na wafanyakazi wa habari na mawasiliano. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya kwanza ya Carrey-Strauss, ""Ukubwa wa teknolojia ya habari na mchakato wa kuondoa udhibiti na mkusanyiko wa umiliki, umeongeza kasi ya utandawazi, hasa satelaiti za mawasiliano na digitalization, na hata mtandao umekuwa na athari kubwa.""" Teknolojia ya mawasiliano imesaidia kuleta karibu zaidi wawasilianao na wapokeaji kwa kiwango ambacho maoni ni ya haraka. Hii kwa upande hufanya mchakato wa mawasiliano ushiriki, muhimu na maendeleo umezingatia kama ni vituo juu ya watazamaji. Servais na Malekhao, 2005;91, wanasema kwamba ushiriki, ambayo inahitaji sababu na zaidi ya imani, itasaidia kupunguza umbali wa kijamii kati ya wasambazaji na wapokeaji, kati ya walimu na wanafunzi, kati ya viongozi na wafuasi, na pia kuwezesha kubadilishana kwa usawa zaidi ya mawazo. Kwa njia hiyo hiyo, kuzingatia ukweli kwamba matumizi ya teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano imepunguza mkazo na athari za gharama katika shughuli za kuchosha katika tasnia ya vyombo vya habari. Kupitishwa kwake nchini Nigeria kutaongeza faida na kupunguza mkazo unaohusiana na kazi ya karatasi. Kwa kuongezea, kukuza habari za wazi za mtandao hutumia teknolojia za habari na mawasiliano (ICT) kwa njia za ubunifu ili kuimarisha vyombo vya habari vya ndani na vya kujitegemea. Wanafunzi hawaachwi nje, kwani watafahamiana na aina mbalimbali za teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano (ICT) zinazotumika katika usindikaji wa habari na ripoti, vikwazo vya matumizi ya teknolojia hii katika usindikaji wa habari nchini Nigeria. Kwa upande mwingine, utafiti huu hutoa mtazamo wazi zaidi wa changamoto zinazokabiliwa na wafanyakazi wa teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano kuhusiana na teknolojia hii, ili waweze kuboresha na kusonga na mwelekeo wa teknolojia ya habari na mawasiliano ili wasionekane katika teknolojia hii inayobadilika daima.