Andy Warhol was born Andrew Warhola in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1928. In 1945 he entered the Carnegie Institute of Technology (now Carnegie Mellon University) where he majored in pictorial design. Upon graduation, Warhol moved to New York where he found steady work as a commercial artist. He worked as an illustrator for several magazines including Vogue, Harper's Bazaar and The New Yorker and did advertising and window displays for retail stores such as Bonwit Teller and I. Miller. Prophetically, his first assignment was for Glamour magazine for an article titled "Success is a Job in New York."
Throughout the 1950s, Warhol enjoyed a successful career as a commercial artist, winning several commendations from the Art Director's Club and the American Institute of Graphic Arts. In these early years, he shortened his name to "Warhol." In 1952, the artist had his first individual show at the Hugo Gallery, exhibiting Fifteen Drawings Based on the Writings of Truman Capote. His work was exhibited in several other venues during the 1950s, including his first group show at The Museum of Modern Art in 1956.
The 1960s was an extremely prolific decade for Warhol. Appropriating images from popular culture, Warhol created many paintings that remain icons of 20th-century art, such as the Campbell's Soup Cans, Disasters and Marilyns. In addition to painting, Warhol made several 16mm films, which have become underground classics such as Chelsea Girls, Empire and Blow Job. In 1968, Valerie Solanis, founder and sole member of SCUM (Society for Cutting Up Men) walked into Warhol's studio, known as the Factory, and shot the artist. The attack was nearly fatal.
At the start of the 1970s, Warhol began publishing Interview magazine and renewed his focus on painting. Works created in this decade include Maos, Skulls, Hammer and Sickles, Torsos and Shadows and many commissioned portraits. Warhol also published The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (from A to B and Back Again). Firmly established as a major 20th-century artist and international celebrity, Warhol exhibited his work extensively in museums and galleries around the world.
The artist began the 1980s with the publication of POPism: The Warhol '60s and with exhibitions of Portraits of Jews of the Twentieth Century and the Retrospectives and Reversal series. He also created two cable television shows, "Andy Warhol's TV" in 1982 and "Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes" for MTV in 1986. His paintings from the 1980s include The Last Suppers, Rorschachs and, in a return to his first great theme of Pop, a series called Ads. Warhol also engaged in a series of collaborations with younger artists, including Jean-Michel Basquiat, Francesco Clemente and Keith Haring.
Following routine gall bladder surgery, Andy Warhol died February 22, 1987. After his burial in Pittsburgh, his friends and associates organized a memorial mass at St. Patrick's Cathedral in New York that was attended by more than 2,000 people.
In late 1987, The Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts was duly incorporated in accordance with Warhol’s will, whose mission is for the advancement of the visual arts. In 1989, the Museum of Modern Art in New York had a major retrospective of his works.
Finally, The Andy Warhol Museum opened in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in May 1994.
Andy Warhol alizaliwa mwaka 1928 huko Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Mwaka 1945 aliingia Chuo Kikuu cha Carnegie Mellon, ambapo alisomea picha. Baada ya kuhitimu, Warhol alihamia New York ambapo alipata kazi thabiti kama msanii wa kibiashara. Alifanya kazi kama mchoraji picha kwa magazeti kadhaa, pamoja na Vogue, Harper's Bazaar na The New Yorker, na pia alifanya matangazo na maonyesho ya maduka ya rejareja kama vile Bonita Teller na I. Miller. "Mwaka wa 1960 alitumwa kwenye gazeti la Glamour kuandika makala yenye kichwa ""Ufanisi ni Kazi New York.""" Katika miaka ya 1950, Warhol alifurahia kazi ya mafanikio kama msanii wa kibiashara, akishinda sifa kadhaa kutoka kwa Klabu ya Mkurugenzi wa Sanaa na Taasisi ya Sanaa ya Picha ya Amerika. Katika miaka hiyo ya mapema, alifupisha jina lake kuwa "Warhol". Mwaka 1952 aliandaa maonyesho yake ya kwanza katika Jumba la sanaa la Hugo, akionyesha michoro kumi na tano kulingana na maandishi ya Truman Capote. Kazi yake ilionyeshwa katika maeneo mengine kadhaa wakati wa miaka ya 1950, ikiwa ni pamoja na maonyesho yake ya kwanza ya kikundi katika Jumba la Makumbusho la Sanaa ya Kisasa mnamo 1956. Miaka ya 1960 ilikuwa miaka ya mafanikio makubwa kwa Warhol. Warhol aliunda michoro mingi ambayo bado ni ikoni ya sanaa ya karne ya 20, kama vile Campbell's Soup Cans, Disasters na Marilyns. Warhol aliwahi kuigiza filamu kadhaa za 16mm, ambazo zimekuwa za kawaida kama vile Chelsea Girls, Empire na Blow Job. "Mwaka 1968 Valerie Solanis, mwanzilishi na mwanachama pekee wa SCUM (Society for Cutting Up Men) aliingia katika studio ya Warhol, inayojulikana kama ""The Factory,"" na kumpiga risasi msanii huyo." Shambulio hilo lilikaribia kumwangamiza. Katika miaka ya 1970, Warhol alianza kuchapisha jarida la Interview na akaanza tena kuchora. Kazi zilizoundwa katika muongo huu ni pamoja na Maos, Skulls, Hammer na Sickles, Torsos na Shadows na picha nyingi zilizopendekezwa. Warhol pia alichapisha The Philosophy of Andy Warhol (kutoka A hadi B na Back Again). Warhol alikuwa msanii maarufu wa karne ya 20 na maarufu ulimwenguni kote, na kazi zake zilionyeshwa sana katika majumba ya makumbusho na maonyesho ya sanaa ulimwenguni kote. "Mchoraji alianza miaka ya 1980 na kuchapishwa kwa ""Popism: The Warhol '60s"" na maonyesho ya ""Portraits of Jews of the Twentieth Century"" na ""Retrospectives and Reversals.""" "Alicheza katika kipindi cha televisheni cha cable cha ""Andy Warhol's TV"" na ""Andy Warhol's Fifteen Minutes"" kwenye MTV." "Mchoro wake wa miaka ya 1980 ni pamoja na ""The Last Supper,"" ""Rorschach"" na ""Return to his first great theme of Pop"" - mfululizo unaoitwa ""Advertisements.""" Warhol pia alishirikiana na mfululizo wa ushirikiano na wasanii wachanga, pamoja na Jean-Michel Basquiat, Francesco Clemente na Keith Haring. Baada ya upasuaji wa kawaida wa kibofu cha umajimaji, Andy Warhol alikufa Februari 22, 1987. Baada ya kuzikwa huko Pittsburgh, marafiki na washirika wake waliandaa misa ya ukumbusho katika Kanisa Kuu la St. Patrick huko New York ambayo ilihudhuriwa na watu zaidi ya 2,000. Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts ilianzishwa mwaka 1987 na kuanzishwa mwaka 1987 na kuanzishwa mwaka 1987 na Andy Warhol Foundation for the Visual Arts. Mwaka 1989 Jumba la Makumbusho la Sanaa ya Kisasa la New York lilifanya maonyesho makubwa ya kazi zake. Jumba la Makumbusho la Andy Warhol lilifunguliwa Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Marekani, mnamo Mei 1994.