Download pdf here
HFC-23 is an unwanted byproduct from the production of HCFC-22, a refrigerant gas that is currently subject to a phase-out under the Montreal Protocol due to its ozone-depleting properties. As a greenhouse gas, HFC-23 is 11,700 times more potent than CO2 and has an atmospheric lifetime of 250 years.
The CDM issues carbon credits for the destruction of HFC-23 gases to prevent their release into the atmosphere. There are currently 19 HFC-23 abatement projects registered under the CDM. These 19 projects are projected to deliver more than 476 million carbon credits by 2012. Over half of these credits (288 million) have already been issued, representing about 50% of the credits from all CDM projects issued to date.
Analysis of monitoring data from all registered HFC-23 destruction projects revealed that CDM HCFC-22 plants are intentionally operated in a manner to maximize the production of offset credits. The analysis indicates that because of the extra CDM revenue more HCFC-22 is produced and far more HFC-23 generated than would occur without the CDM. Following the official request by CDM Watch to revise AM0001 and an investigation by the UNFCCC methodology panel which confirmed that the methodology had major loopholes, the CDM Executive Board suspended the HFC-23 methodology in 2010.
At their 49th meeting, the UNFCCC methodology panel presented a new version of the methodology AM0001 which will be discussed at the next meeting of the CDM Executive Board starting on 30 May 2011.
The text (to be downloaded above) lays out the main issues that remain with this project type, despite the improvements that have been made in the revisions.
HFC-23 ni bidhaa isiyo ya kawaida inayotokana na utengenezaji wa HCFC-22, gesi ya baridi ambayo kwa sasa inapaswa kuondolewa chini ya Itifaki ya Montreal kwa sababu ya mali zake za kuharibu ozoni. HFC-23 ni gesi yenye nguvu zaidi ya CO2 na ina maisha ya miaka 250 katika anga. Mfumo wa Usanidi Usafi wa Kimataifa (CDM) unatupa mikopo ya kaboni kwa ajili ya uharibifu wa gesi za HFC-23 ili kuzuia kutolewa kwao katika anga. Kwa sasa, kuna miradi 19 ya kupunguza HFC-23 iliyoorodheshwa chini ya MDG. Mipango hiyo inatarajiwa kutoa zaidi ya mikopo ya kaboni milioni 476 kufikia mwaka 2012. Zaidi ya nusu ya mikopo hii (288m) tayari imetolewa, ikiwakilisha karibu 50% ya mikopo kutoka kwa miradi yote ya CDM iliyotolewa hadi sasa. Uchunguzi wa data ya ufuatiliaji kutoka kwa miradi yote ya uharibifu wa HFC-23 iliyoorodheshwa ilifunua kuwa mitambo ya HFC-22 ya CDM inaendeshwa kwa makusudi kwa njia ya kuongeza uzalishaji wa mikopo ya offset. Kwa mujibu wa ripoti hiyo, kiwango cha HFC-23 kinachotengenezwa na Mfumo wa Uhifadhi safi (CDM) ni cha juu kuliko kile ambacho kingeweza kutokezwa bila Mfumo huo. Baada ya ombi rasmi la CDM Watch la kurekebisha AMF-1000 na uchunguzi wa Jopo la Mazoezi la UNFCCC ambao ulithibitisha kuwa mbinu hiyo ilikuwa na mapungufu makubwa, Bodi ya Utekelezaji ya CDM ilisimamisha mbinu ya HFC-23. Katika mkutano wake wa 49 wa Jumanne, Jopo la Mabadiliko la Mabadiliko la Mabadiliko la UNFCCC lilitoa toleo jipya la Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko ya Mabadiliko. Maandishi (kuchapishwa juu) inaelezea masuala makuu ambayo kubaki na aina hii ya mradi, licha ya maboresho ambayo yamefanywa katika marekebisho.