Introduction: Currently 1.9 billion adults worldwide are estimated to be overweight or obese. Weight loss sustainability is difficult, and weight loss rehabilitation programs have been criticised for having an individualistic approach. It has been suggested that occupational therapists could be used as part of a transdisciplinary approach because of their holistic perspective. During the development of an occupational therapy- based weight loss program five components arose as essential from earlier interviews with health professionals and citizens with obesity: diet, physical activities, social relations, habits and balancing everyday life. Before developing the program, we needed a clearer picture of which strategies should support the five components. The aim of this study was to obtain a description of strategies related to the five components that could support weight loss to become part of everyday life of people with obesity. Methods: This study took a participatory design by using research circle (RC) methodology. Two RC groups were created, one with occupational therapists and one with citizens with obesity. Researchers participated in both RC groups. Data was obtained through democratic principles. The two RC groups met four times over a period of 4 months. Qualitative content analysis was conducted. Results: Five themes arose: (1) Diet—Find the line between either-or, (2) Physical activity—Break the comfort zone, (3) Social relations—Stand strong together, (4) Habits—Focus on possibilities instead of bad habits, and (5) Balancing everyday life—Handling life's bumps. Conclusion: The strategies for a weight loss program including the five components should include awareness of senses and activity patterns surrounding meals, taking one step at a time when focusing of physical activities and be conscious of values, include family and friends in the program to find common ground and self-confidence and use re-placement activities. We suggest that the component of balancing everyday life should be seen as an overall component as all strategies are related to finding meaning and variation in activities which is part of an ongoing weight loss process.
- health, nutrition and quality of life
Kwa mujibu wa takwimu za WHO, watu wazima bilioni 1.9 duniani kote wana uzito wa ziada au wanene kupita kiasi. Utegemezi wa kupoteza uzito ni vigumu, na mipango ya ukarabati wa kupoteza uzito imekosolewa kwa kuwa na mbinu ya mtu binafsi. Imedokezwa kwamba wataalamu wa tiba ya kazi wanaweza kutumiwa kama sehemu ya mbinu ya interdisciplinary kwa sababu ya mtazamo wao wa jumla. Katika mchakato wa kuunda programu ya kupunguza uzito ya matibabu ya kazi, vipengele vitano vilionekana kuwa muhimu kutoka kwa mahojiano ya awali na wataalamu wa afya na wananchi wenye uzani: lishe, shughuli za mwili, mahusiano ya kijamii, tabia na usawa wa maisha ya kila siku. Kabla ya kuendeleza programu, tulihitaji picha wazi ya mikakati ambayo inapaswa kusaidia vipengele vitano. Lengo la utafiti huu lilikuwa kupata maelezo ya mikakati inayohusiana na vipengele vitano ambavyo vinaweza kusaidia kupoteza uzito kuwa sehemu ya maisha ya kila siku ya watu wenye uzani. Utafiti huu ulichukua muundo wa ushiriki kwa kutumia mbinu ya mduara wa utafiti (RC). Vikundi viwili vya RC viliundwa, kimoja na wataalamu wa tiba ya kazi na kingine na raia wenye uzani. Watafiti walishiriki katika vikundi vyote viwili vya RC. Takwimu zilipatikana kupitia kanuni za kidemokrasia. Makundi mawili ya RC yalikutana mara nne katika kipindi cha miezi minne. Uchambuzi wa ubora wa maudhui ulifanywa. Matokeo: Mada tano zilitokea: (1) Chakula - Kupata mstari kati ya ama-au, (2) Shughuli ya kimwili - Kuvunja eneo la starehe, (3) Mahusiano ya kijamii - Kusimama imara pamoja, (4) Mazoea - Kuzingatia uwezekano badala ya mazoea mabaya, na (5) Kusawazisha maisha ya kila siku - Kushughulikia matatizo ya maisha. Mkakati wa kupunguza uzito unaojumuisha vipengele vitano unapaswa kujumuisha ufahamu wa hisia na mifumo ya shughuli zinazozunguka chakula, kuchukua hatua moja kwa wakati wakati wa kuzingatia shughuli za mwili na kuwa na ufahamu wa maadili, ni pamoja na familia na marafiki katika programu ili kupata msingi wa kawaida na kujiamini na kutumia shughuli za kubadilisha. """Tunapendekeza kwamba sehemu ya kusawazisha maisha ya kila siku inapaswa kuonekana kama sehemu ya jumla, kwani mikakati yote inahusiana na kupata maana na mabadiliko katika shughuli ambazo ni sehemu ya mchakato wa kupoteza uzito unaoendelea." - afya, lishe na ubora wa maisha