Views: 2023 Author: LONGMU Publish Time: 2023-06-27 Origin: LONGMU
The egg production level of laying hens is the most important indicator to measure the production level of laying hens. The laying performance of commercial laying hens is directly related to the economic benefits of laying hen farmers. The egg production of laying hens is affected by many factors, including disease factors and non-disease factors, among which non-disease factors include genetic factors, nutritional factors, feeding management factors, and so on.
In the production of laying hens, sometimes due to some reasons, especially the occurrence of diseases, there are more low-yielding chickens in laying hens. If the whole group is eliminated, the loss will be too great, and the partial elimination will be difficult to select and manage, which will bring huge losses to chicken production.
What factors are related to the whole egg production of the flock?
1. The peak egg production level is determined by the quality of the replacement chickens
2. The length of the peak egg production period is determined by nutrition, environment, and management level
3. The total egg production of the chicken is related to whether the chicken is sick during the laying period
4. Chicken disease resistance is determined by nutrition, environment, and management level
Our company which in china With our own mold design workshop, we have new product development capability and also do OEM for oversea customers.
Three characteristics of laying hen laying curve:
1. The egg production rate rises rapidly after the start of laying. Generally, it shows a steep upward trend. During this period, the egg production rate doubles and reaches more than 90 within 6-7 weeks of laying eggs. Usually, the egg production peak is reached at the age of 23-25 weeks, and the egg production at the peak period is more than 93%-94%.
2. The decline is stable. After the egg production peak, the egg production curve declines very smoothly and in a straight line. Usually, a weekly decline of 0.5-1%, showing a straight line of steady decline.
3. Non-compensation. During the egg production process, if encountering poor feeding management or other stimuli, the egg production rate will be lower than the standard and cannot be fully compensated.
So the laying performance of laying hens is affected by so many factors, how to improve the laying rate and maintain the balance of the laying curve is a topic of common concern to laying hen farmers.
The impact of many diseases on laying hens is mainly manifested as a decrease in egg production rate. The corresponding disease must be treated with the correct drug to alleviate the egg production rate of laying hens.
Non-disease Factors Affecting Egg Production-Feed Factors
1. The impact of purchased compound feed
In order to reduce costs, inferior concentrates and batch materials are used. With the rise of raw material prices, some feed factories have introduced low-quality, low-priced, high-protein feeds in order to meet the needs of some users. It is very high, but the available protein is low, which affects the egg production rate.
2. The influence of self-batching
The first quality problem of corn is mainly the impact of variety, moisture, plumpness, and mildew. Mycotoxins not only affect palatability but also cause decreased egg production and reduced immunity. It is best to use self-prepared feed with mold-removing antidotes— - Pumeiqing. The second problem is the quality of soybean meal. The current soybean meal market is mixed with good and evil people. The protein content of soybean meal is low, the adulteration is serious, the oil content is too high, the degree of maturity of soybean meal is not good, and farmers who self-batch ingredients have no ability to identify authenticity. Poor quality soybean meal affects the development and egg production of chickens. performance.
3. Non-disease factors affecting egg production - drug factors
Many drugs will affect the laying performance of laying hens, and improper use will cause serious economic losses. Amantadine, which was often used in the past, was widely used to prevent and control bird flu, but repeated use will not produce peak egg production and affect the quality of eggshells.
Sulfa drugs affect the synthesis of V-K and B vitamins by intestinal microorganisms, and combine with carbonic anhydrase in the body to reduce the formation and secretion of carbonate, brown-shelled eggs change color, produce thin-shelled or soft-shelled eggs, and egg production In severe cases, it can be reduced by 20%.
Oral administration of tetracyclines directly stimulates the mucous membrane of the digestive tract and affects feed intake. Long-term use not only affects eggshell quality, but also affects egg production rate.
Aminoglycosides can also affect the egg production rate, mainly because aminoglycosides interfere with the formation of vitellin, among which neomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ampicillin are seriously affected.
Anticoccidial drugs, except amproline, all remain in the eggs or affect the egg production rate. When the anthelmintic drug prothiamidazole is applied in large doses, the egg production rate will decrease by 30%.
Non-disease Factors Affecting Egg Production- Feeding Management Factors
If the temperature is too high or too low, it will affect the laying performance of laying hens, reduce the egg production rate, and deteriorate the quality of eggshells. In summer, if the temperature is higher than 32°C, the heat dissipation of the chicken body will be difficult, the appetite will decrease, and the feed intake will decrease. Long-term high temperature will destroy the nutritional balance of the chicken body, cause metabolic changes, reduce the thyroid function of the chicken, and lead to insufficient calcium in the chicken body. It is easy to produce thin-shelled or soft-shelled eggs; if the temperature is lower than -12°C in winter, the feed intake of chickens will decrease, the egg production rate will decrease, and the eggshells will also become thinner. Therefore, it should be ventilated and cooled in summer, and kept warm in winter to keep the temperature in the chicken house at 15-25°C, and adjust the concentration of energy, protein, and minerals in the diet of laying hens according to the season, so as to improve egg production rate and egg production rate. shell mass.
Poor ventilation in the chicken housecauses the ammonia concentration to be too high, causing respiratory ammonia poisoning, causing the chicken body to lose more CO2, resulting in insufficient carbonate ions forming calcium carbonate, affecting the absorption of calcium, and causing thin-shelled eggs. Therefore, the chicken house should be ventilated, and the feces should be cleaned in time to prevent the ammonia concentration from being too high.
Generally speaking, light can promote chicks to eat, drink water and increase exercise, promote chicken muscle and bone development, increase disease prevention ability, improve production performance, and is closely related to the age of sexual maturity and body maturity. Studies have shown that prolonging the light time during the rearing period can promote the early production of hens, and the 8-10 h light time during the rearing period is conducive to the timely start of production without affecting the total egg production, but the extension of the light time during the laying period will cause leading to a decrease in total egg production. Therefore, the design of the lighting program is of great significance to ensure the production of laying hens and providing scientific and reasonable lighting conditions for laying hens in the breeding period is also one of the effective measures to improve the production performance and economic benefits of laying hens.
Laying hens are very sensitive to various stresses, such as noise, heat and cold, changing feed, vaccination, etc., can cause the egg production rate of laying hens to decline. Therefore, we should add a certain amount of anti-stress agents in daily feeding, and strictly prohibit noise in the chicken house. At the same time, do a good job of temperature monitoring in the chicken house to prevent the temperature in the chicken house from fluctuating. When changing the feed, it should not be replaced immediately, but a transition period of 3 to 5 days should be given.
Non-Disease Factors Affecting Egg Production - Physiological Factors
The production performance of different breeds of chickens is very different. For example, the Hailan W-36 laying hen breed starts laying early, reaches the peak of laying eggs early, and the duration of laying eggs is relatively short. However, the laying hens of the Isha Brown variety started to lay late, and the peak egg production lasted relatively long. In addition, different breeds of chickens have different eggshell quality. For example, the eggshells of native breeds are thicker, while the shells of foreign breeds are thinner and easier to break. Therefore, the selection method can be used to increase the eggshell thickness of the variety and reduce the egg-breaking rate. For example, AA broilers, Hyporo broilers, Condal chickens,s and other eggshells are thick and dense, and it is not easy to break eggs, so they can be used as the first choice for raising chickens.
2. Laying time
Laying time has a great impact on the quality of eggs. Generally, chicken farms feed at around 8 o'clock. During the day, the blood calcium concentration is high, and the calcium secretion of laying hens is sufficient during the laying process, so the eggs laid in the afternoon generally have thicker shells. Eggs laid before ten o'clock are usually formed at night. At night, the hens are mostly in a resting state, with little feed intake and low blood calcium concentration. Therefore, eggs laid in the morning generally have thinner shells. Therefore, various measures should be taken to adjust the laying time of chickens.
To sum up, there are six main factors that affect the egg production rate of laying hens, namely the breed of laying hens, physiological factors, nutritional factors, management factors, environmental factors, and disease factors. Not good, will affect the egg production rate.
"Mwanzoni mwa mwaka wa 2021, LONGGU ilitangaza kuwa ""kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai ya kuku wa kuweka ni kiashiria muhimu zaidi cha kupima kiwango cha uzalishaji wa kuku wa kuweka.""" Utendaji wa kuweka ya kuku za kibiashara kuweka ni moja kwa moja kuhusiana na faida za kiuchumi ya wakulima kuku kuweka. Uzalishaji wa mayai ya kuku wa kuweka huathiriwa na sababu nyingi, pamoja na sababu za ugonjwa na sababu zisizo za ugonjwa, ambazo kati ya sababu zisizo za ugonjwa ni pamoja na sababu za maumbile, sababu za lishe, sababu za usimamizi wa kulisha, na kadhalika. Katika uzalishaji wa kuku wa kuweka, wakati mwingine kwa sababu fulani, hasa kutokea kwa magonjwa, kuna kuku wa uzalishaji wa chini zaidi katika kuku wa kuweka. Ikiwa kundi lote linaondolewa, hasara itakuwa kubwa sana, na kuondolewa kwa sehemu itakuwa ngumu kuchagua na kusimamia, ambayo italeta hasara kubwa kwa uzalishaji wa kuku. Ni mambo gani yanayohusiana na uzalishaji wote wa mayai wa kundi? 1. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Kiwango cha juu cha uzalishaji wa mayai huamuliwa na ubora wa kuku wa badala. Urefu wa kipindi cha kilele cha uzalishaji wa mayai huamuliwa na lishe, mazingira, na kiwango cha usimamizi 3. Uzalishaji wa mayai ya kuku hutegemea kama kuku ni mgonjwa wakati wa kipindi cha kuweka. Uvumilivu wa ugonjwa wa kuku huamuliwa na lishe, mazingira, na kiwango cha usimamizi: Kampuni yetu ambayo iko nchini China, na warsha yetu ya kubuni ukungu, tuna uwezo mpya wa maendeleo ya bidhaa na pia tunafanya OEM kwa wateja wa nje ya nchi. Mfano wa kuvutia wa kuku wa kuweka ni: Kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai huongezeka haraka baada ya kuanza kuweka. Kwa ujumla, inaonyesha mwelekeo mkali wa kupanda. Katika kipindi hiki, kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai huongezeka mara mbili na kufikia zaidi ya 90% ndani ya wiki 6-7 za kuweka mayai. Kwa kawaida, uzalishaji wa mayai hufikia kilele katika umri wa wiki 23-25 na uzalishaji wa mayai katika kipindi cha kilele ni zaidi ya 93% - 94%. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Kupungua ni thabiti. Baada ya kilele cha uzalishaji wa mayai, curve ya uzalishaji wa mayai hupungua kwa urahisi sana na kwa mstari wa moja kwa moja. Kwa kawaida, kushuka kwa kila wiki kwa 0.5% hadi 1% kunaonyesha mstari wa moja kwa moja wa kushuka kwa kasi. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Kutokuwa na fidia. Wakati wa mchakato wa uzalishaji wa mayai, ikiwa unakutana na usimamizi mbaya wa kulisha au vichocheo vingine, kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai kitakuwa chini ya kiwango na hakiwezi kulipwa kikamilifu. Kwa hivyo, utendaji wa kuweka ya kuku wa kuweka unaathiriwa na mambo mengi, jinsi ya kuboresha kiwango cha kuweka na kudumisha usawa wa curve ya kuweka ni mada ya wasiwasi wa kawaida kwa wakulima wa kuku wa kuweka. Athari ya magonjwa mengi juu ya kuku wa kuweka huonekana hasa kama kupungua kwa kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai. Ugonjwa unaolingana lazima kutibiwa kwa dawa sahihi ili kupunguza kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai ya kuku wanaotoa mayai. Vipengele visivyo vya ugonjwa vinavyoathiri uzalishaji wa mayai - Vipengele vya kulisha 1. Athari ya kulishwa compound feed Ili kupunguza gharama, concentrates chini na vifaa vya kundi ni kutumika. Kwa kuongezeka kwa bei ya malighafi, viwanda vya chakula vimeanzisha vyakula vya chini ya ubora, bei ya chini, vyakula vya protini ili kukidhi mahitaji ya watumiaji wengine. Ni ya juu sana, lakini protini inayopatikana ni ya chini, ambayo huathiri kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Ushawishi wa kujitegemea batching tatizo la kwanza la ubora wa mahindi ni hasa athari ya aina, unyevu, plumpness, na mildew. Mycotoxins si tu kuathiri palatability lakini pia kusababisha kupungua kwa uzalishaji wa mayai na kupunguza kinga. Ni bora kutumia chakula cha kujitayarisha na antidotes ya kuondoa kuvu <unk> - Pumeiqing. Tatizo la pili ni ubora wa unga wa soya. Soko la sasa la unga wa maharagwe ya soya limechanganywa na watu wazuri na wabaya. """Ubora wa unga wa soya ni mdogo, udanganyifu ni mkubwa, mafuta ni ya juu sana, kiwango cha ukomavu wa unga wa soya sio nzuri, na wakulima ambao hujipanga wenyewe hawawezi kutambua uhalisi." Chakula cha soya chenye ubora duni huathiri ukuzi na uzalishaji wa mayai ya kuku. utendaji. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Vipengele visivyo vya ugonjwa vinavyoathiri uzalishaji wa mayai - Vipengele vya dawa Dawa nyingi zitaathiri utendaji wa kuweka ya kuku wa kuweka, na matumizi yasiyofaa yatasababisha hasara kubwa za kiuchumi. Amantadine, ambayo ilitumiwa mara nyingi katika siku za nyuma, ilitumiwa sana kuzuia na kudhibiti homa ya ndege, lakini matumizi ya mara kwa mara hayatazalisha uzalishaji wa juu wa mayai na kuathiri ubora wa magamba ya mayai. Sulfa huathiri synthesis ya vitamini B na V na V na kuunganisha na carbonic anhydrase katika mwili kupunguza uundaji na secretion ya carbonate, yai la rangi ya kahawia hubadilika rangi, kuzalisha yai la ngozi nyembamba au laini, na uzalishaji wa mayai katika kesi kali unaweza kupunguzwa kwa 20%. Matumizi ya tetracyclines kwa mdomo huchochea moja kwa moja utando wa utando wa mfumo wa kumeng'enya chakula na huathiri ulaji wa chakula. Matumizi ya muda mrefu hayaathiri tu ubora wa ganda la yai, lakini pia huathiri kiwango cha uzalishaji wa yai. Aminoglycosides pia inaweza kuathiri kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai, hasa kwa sababu aminoglycosides kuingilia kati na malezi ya vitellin, miongoni mwa ambayo neomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, na ampicillin ni madhara makubwa. Dawa za kupambana na vimelea, isipokuwa amproline, zote hubaki ndani ya mayai au huathiri kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai. Kwa mfano, prothiamidazole inaweza kupunguza uzalishaji wa mayai kwa asilimia 30. Vipengele visivyo vya ugonjwa vinavyoathiri uzalishaji wa mayai - Vipengele vya usimamizi wa kulisha Ikiwa joto ni la juu sana au la chini sana, itaathiri utendaji wa kuweka ya kuku wa kuweka, kupunguza kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai, na kuharibu ubora wa magamba ya mayai. Wakati wa majira ya joto, joto la mwili la kuku ni 32 ° C, na joto la mwili wa kuku ni chini ya 32 ° C. Joto la muda mrefu litaharibu usawa wa lishe ya mwili wa kuku, kusababisha mabadiliko ya kimetaboliki, kupunguza kazi ya tezi ya kuku, na kusababisha calcium isiyo ya kutosha katika mwili wa kuku. Kwa sababu ya hali ya hewa ya chini ya -12 ° C wakati wa majira ya baridi kali, ulaji wa kuku utapungua, kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai kitapungua, na makapi ya mayai yatakuwa nyembamba. Kwa hiyo, inapaswa kuwa na hewa na baridi katika majira ya joto, na kuweka joto katika majira ya baridi ya joto ili kuweka joto katika nyumba ya kuku katika 15-25 ° C, na kurekebisha mkusanyiko wa nishati, protini, na madini katika chakula cha kuku wa kuweka kulingana na msimu, ili kuboresha kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai na kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai. shell wingi Uingizaji hewa mbaya katika nyumba ya kuku husababisha mkusanyiko wa amonia kuwa juu sana, na kusababisha sumu ya amonia ya kupumua, na kusababisha mwili wa kuku kupoteza CO2 zaidi, na kusababisha ioni za kaboni zisizofaa kuunda kaboni ya kalsiamu, na kusababisha mayai yenye ganda nyembamba. Kwa hiyo, nyumba ya kuku inapaswa kuwa na hewa, na matope yanapaswa kusafishwa kwa wakati ili kuzuia mkusanyiko wa amonia usiwe juu sana. Kwa ujumla, mwanga unaweza kukuza vifaranga kula, kunywa maji na kuongeza mazoezi, kukuza misuli ya kuku na maendeleo ya mifupa, kuongeza uwezo wa kuzuia magonjwa, kuboresha utendaji wa uzalishaji, na inahusiana sana na umri wa ukomavu wa kijinsia na ukomavu wa mwili. Utafiti umeonyesha kwamba kuongeza muda wa mwanga wakati wa kipindi cha uzazi inaweza kukuza uzalishaji wa mapema wa kuku, na wakati wa mwanga wa masaa 8-10 wakati wa kipindi cha uzazi ni muhimu kwa kuanza kwa wakati wa uzalishaji bila kuathiri uzalishaji wa mayai, lakini kupanua muda wa mwanga wakati wa kipindi cha kuweka itasababisha kupungua kwa uzalishaji wa mayai. Kwa hivyo, muundo wa programu ya taa ni muhimu sana kuhakikisha uzalishaji wa kuku wa kuweka na kutoa hali ya kisayansi na ya busara ya taa kwa kuku wa kuweka katika kipindi cha uzazi pia ni moja ya hatua bora za kuboresha utendaji wa uzalishaji na faida za kiuchumi za kuku za kuweka. Kuku wa kuweka ni nyeti sana kwa mkazo mbalimbali, kama vile kelele, joto na baridi, kubadilisha chakula, chanjo, nk, inaweza kusababisha kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai ya kuku wa kuweka kupungua. Kwa hiyo, tunapaswa kuongeza kiasi fulani cha dawa za kupambana na mkazo katika kulisha kila siku, na kupiga marufuku kabisa kelele katika nyumba ya kuku. Wakati huo huo, fanya kazi nzuri ya ufuatiliaji wa joto katika nyumba ya kuku ili kuzuia joto katika nyumba ya kuku kutoka kutofautiana. Wakati wa kubadilisha chakula, haipaswi kubadilishwa mara moja, lakini kipindi cha mpito cha siku tatu hadi tano kinapaswa kupewa. Mambo yasiyo ya magonjwa yanayoathiri uzalishaji wa mayai - Mambo ya kisaikolojia Utendaji wa uzalishaji wa jamii tofauti za kuku ni tofauti sana. Kwa mfano, aina ya kuku wa kuweka ya Hailan W-36 huanza kuweka mapema, hufikia kilele cha kuweka mayai mapema, na muda wa kuweka mayai ni mfupi. Hata hivyo, kuku wa aina ya Isha Brown walianza kuzaa mayai marehemu, na uzalishaji wa mayai uliendelea kwa muda mrefu. Kwa kuongezea, aina tofauti-tofauti za kuku zina ganda tofauti la mayai. Kwa mfano, magamba ya mayai ya jamii za asili ni mazito zaidi, ilhali magamba ya jamii za kigeni ni nyembamba zaidi na ni rahisi kuvunjika. Kwa hiyo, mbinu ya uteuzi inaweza kutumika kuongeza unene wa shell yai ya aina na kupunguza kiwango cha yai-kuvunja. Kwa mfano, kuku wa AA, kuku wa Hyporo, kuku wa Condor na shell nyingine za mayai ni nzito na nzito, na sio rahisi kuvunja mayai, kwa hivyo zinaweza kutumika kama chaguo la kwanza la kukuza kuku. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Wakati wa kuweka mayai Wakati wa kuweka mayai una athari kubwa kwa ubora wa mayai. Kwa kawaida, mashamba ya kuku hulisha karibu saa nane. Wakati wa mchana, mkusanyiko wa kalsiamu ya damu ni juu, na sekreti ya kalsiamu ya kuku wa kuweka ni ya kutosha wakati wa mchakato wa kuweka, kwa hivyo mayai yaliyowekwa alasiri kwa ujumla yana ganda nene. Kwa kawaida mayai yaliyowekwa kabla ya saa kumi hufanyizwa usiku. Wakati wa usiku, kuku huwa wamepumzika, hawachukui chakula sana na damu yao haina kalsiamu nyingi. Kwa hiyo, kwa kawaida mayai yaliyowekwa asubuhi huwa na magamba mepesi. Kwa hiyo, hatua mbalimbali zinapaswa kuchukuliwa ili kurekebisha wakati wa kuweka kuku. Kuna mambo sita ya msingi ambayo huathiri kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai ya kuku wa kuweka: uzazi wa kuku wa kuweka, mambo ya kisaikolojia, mambo ya lishe, mambo ya usimamizi, mambo ya mazingira, na mambo ya ugonjwa. Hii haifai, kwa sababu inaweza kuathiri kiwango cha uzalishaji wa mayai.