Hawking 1942 - 2018 (76)
Stephen Hawking was one of the greatest modern physicists. He was born in Oxford, where his mother had sought refuge from the German bombing of London, on January 8, 1942, at the 300th anniversary of Galileo's death and he died on March 14, 2018, at the 139th anniversary of Einstein's birth.
Both his parents had studied at Oxford, Steven from his student years showed a special skill in scientific subjects, although in general education he had low grades. He began his university studies at Oxford University with a scholarship at the age of 17. His first year of study was lonely and dedicated to study, from the second he joined social life, joined the rowing club, made friends and had relationships. The honorary degree he received was a ticket to postgraduate studies in cosmology at the University of Cambridge. His star was rapidly emerging in cosmology and astrophysics when he began to experience health problems such as awkward movements, slurred speech, increasing fatigue. At the age of 21 he was diagnosed with a neurone disease and a life expectancy of two years. Hawking was shocked and deeply depressed, when he saw a little boy dying of leukemia in the hospital, he realized that there were worse and he decided to do the best he could. He regained his optimism, got engaged to his beloved Jane, whom he later married, as he has said, Jane gave him a reason to live.
Although he lived his life in a wheelchair and spoke in a synthetic voice through a computer that read the movements of his eyelids - he inspired many other scientists with his groundbreaking ideas and became famous for his work on black holes, gravity and general relativity. He is the author of many popular books, most notably the "Short History of Time", which was published in 1988 and was translated into 40 languages.
Hawkins was an honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, a lifelong member of the Episcopal Academy of Sciences, and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest political award in the United States. He was also a professor of mathematics at the University of Cambridge between 1979 and 2009. He believed that the future of the human race was in space, that the planet earth would disappear and we should travel to other planets if we want to survive. Hawkins married twice and had three children, died at the age of 76; he lived 53 years more than the doctors had predicted.
"Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1940 na mwaka wa 1980, Stephen Hawking alikuwa ""mmoja wa wanasayansi wa kisasa wa hali ya juu zaidi.""" Alizaliwa Oxford, ambapo mama yake alikuwa ametafuta kimbilio kutoka kwa mabomu ya Ujerumani ya London, Januari 8, 1942, katika maadhimisho ya miaka 300 ya kifo cha Galileo, na alikufa Machi 14, 2018, katika maadhimisho ya miaka 139 ya kuzaliwa kwa Einstein. Steven alikuwa na elimu ya Oxford, na tangu miaka yake ya chuo kikuu alionyesha ustadi wa kipekee katika masomo ya kisayansi, ingawa katika elimu ya jumla alikuwa na alama za chini. Alianza masomo yake ya chuo kikuu katika Chuo Kikuu cha Oxford akiwa na udhamini akiwa na umri wa miaka 17. Mwaka wake wa kwanza wa masomo ulikuwa wa upweke na kujitolea kwa masomo, kutoka mwaka wa pili alijiunga na maisha ya kijamii, alijiunga na klabu ya kupiga makasia, alifanya marafiki na alikuwa na mahusiano. Shahada ya heshima aliyoipokea ilikuwa tiketi ya masomo ya baada ya kuhitimu katika cosmology katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge. Alipokuwa akijulikana sana katika sayansi ya anga na astrophysics, alianza kuwa na matatizo ya afya kama vile misukosuko isiyo ya kawaida, usemi usioeleweka, na uchovu unaoongezeka. Alipokuwa na umri wa miaka 21, alipata ugonjwa wa neva na umri wa kuishi miaka miwili. Hawking alishtuka sana na kushuka moyo sana alipomwona mtoto mdogo akifa kutokana na leukemia katika hospitali, alitambua kwamba kulikuwa na mabaya zaidi na akaamua kufanya yote awezayo. Alipata tena matumaini yake, akachumbiana na Jane mpendwa wake, ambaye baadaye aliolewa naye, kama alivyosema, Jane alimpa sababu ya kuishi. Ingawa aliishi maisha yake katika kiti cha magurudumu na alizungumza kwa sauti ya synthetic kupitia kompyuta ambayo ilisoma harakati za paji la macho yake, aliwahamasisha wanasayansi wengine wengi na mawazo yake ya kuvutia na akawa maarufu kwa kazi yake juu ya mashimo nyeusi, mvuto na relativity ya jumla. "Mwanzoni mwa miaka ya 1980 aliandika kitabu ""Historia fupi ya wakati"" ambacho kilitafsiriwa katika lugha 40." Hawkins alikuwa mwanachama wa heshima wa Royal Society of Arts, mwanachama wa maisha wa Chuo cha Episcopal cha Sayansi, na mpokeaji wa Tuzo ya Uhuru ya Rais, tuzo ya juu ya kisiasa nchini Marekani. Alikuwa profesa wa hisabati katika Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge kati ya 1979 na 2009. Aliamini kwamba wakati ujao wa jamii ya binadamu ulikuwa katika nafasi, kwamba sayari ya dunia ingetoweka na tunapaswa kusafiri kwenda sayari nyingine ikiwa tunataka kuishi. Hawkins aliolewa mara mbili na alikuwa na watoto watatu, alikufa akiwa na umri wa miaka 76; aliishi miaka 53 zaidi ya madaktari waliyokuwa wamedokeza.