In basic terms, artificial intelligence is when a computer is taught to do things that normally require human intelligence, like reasoning, natural communication, and problem-solving. This can be done in a number of ways, including by programming machines to learn from data or experience, designing intelligent agents, or creating computer networks that work together to achieve tasks.bot technology is widely used to provide customers with automated service on websites and messaging platforms. Bots are able to understand natural language and carry out conversations with people. Depending
on the purpose of the bot, businesses can use bots to provide information about products and services, handle transactions, manage customer care inquiries or deliver the latest business news. Bots are differentiated from apps in that they are very basic applications that do not need installation on a computing device before being used.
Elsewhere in artificial intelligence, researchers are using machine learning to teach computers to identify violent behavior. This could help security teams monitor incidents and intervene more quickly. For example, Facebook developed an app called “Facing Facts” which uses machine learning, facial detection, behavioral analysis, and other tools linked to a database of knowledge about conflict zones around the world. It analyzed three million posts on the social network over a three-month period, warning researchers when it detected potentially violent language or gestures.
One of the world’s leading universities in artificial intelligence research is Cambridge University with the main focus on machine learning and robotics. The university has developed algorithms for driverless cars which they are testing in the city of Milton Keynes. Researchers believe that this technology could greatly reduce accidents, especially in the current period of inclement weather, by allowing cars to communicate with each other. The same team is also testing a fleet of driverless pods, which are smaller two-seater vehicles that travel up to 12mph.
The technology company Intel released the latest in its series of Skylake processors this year. It features Neural Net Prediction which allows the chip to predict actions, making machine learning more efficient. Intel says that its neural network uses deep learning technology to analyze data and recognize patterns within it, allowing computers to perform complex tasks without needing to have all of the information pre-loaded.
The use of artificial intelligence is not limited to processing power either. This year saw a number of breakthroughs in the field of quantum computing which could provide computers with a completely new way to process and store data. Quantum computing is thought to be faster and more powerful than traditional computer systems because it works on the basis of qubits (quantum bits) rather than bits found in traditional computing. Quantum computers can also work with information at the atomic level, allowing them to store exponentially more information than traditional computer systems.
Artificial intelligence is becoming an integral part of our everyday lives and it will only continue to be developed further in the coming years. It can be used to make sense of large amounts of data quickly which would otherwise take people hours or days to do – a task that could never be completed at all without the assistance of machines. With computers being able to predict outcomes and learn from experience, it is likely that people will see an increase in the number of tasks performed by robots rather than humans.
What is intelligence?
Intelligence is defined as an ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying situations. Artificial intelligence is a field of science that deals with making computers able to perform tasks without human guidance, but which requires human input in order for them to make intelligent decisions. It’s a term used to describe a machine’s ability to think for itself and process its environment based on the actions it takes.
Artificial intelligence is still in its infancy but already we’re seeing technology that was once confined to science fiction become reality, thanks in part to advancements in processing power. Products like self-driving cars are now becoming more commonplace, while virtual assistants like Siri and its many competitors are playing a prominent role in our everyday lives.
The goal of artificial intelligence is to create machines that can think for themselves, but science is still very much at an early stage. Programmers can’t yet give their creations any form of “consciousness,” but they do have access to some innovative tools that enable a computer to learn and develop on its own.
This can be seen in two of the most well-known examples of AI: Deep Blue, IBM’s chess-playing supercomputer which beat world champion Garry Kasparov back in 1997; and Watson, who managed to win “Jeopardy” against former champs Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings back in 2011. These examples may sound impressive, but the real revolution lies in how these artificial intelligence systems are actually put together.
Methods and goals in artificial intelligence research
Artificial intelligence (AI) is an interdisciplinary field of computer science, engineering, and psychology. Many scholars consider the definition of AI to be controversial. According to New York Times, “over $7 billion has been spent on AI research since 1990, a sum that includes many civilian projects as well as weapons development.” The goals of AI research are varied.
One goal of AI research is to create computer programs that can solve problems independently, using reasoning and decision-making capabilities. Some experts are concerned about the possibility that AI systems could evolve into something unfriendly or malicious, an event some refer to as “the Singularity.” The fear is that superintelligent machines would view humans as an inferior species and seek to either dominate or destroy us.
The majority of AI theorists believe their goal is to build systems that can reason, plan, learn, communicate and perceive. According to computer scientist Joseph Weintraub, a robot must be able to determine its own actions based on the world’s state and its current goals.
Weintraub also claims that an AI system must be able to decide how to use and when to use different strategies and algorithms. An AI system should know when it is more effective to reason symbolically or when it is better to learn by example, for instance.
AI research has been used in a range of military applications including the development of autonomous unmanned vehicles, weapons, and military simulation systems. While these AI applications can raise ethical concerns, some theorists believe that they will actually reduce casualties in armed conflict by taking over some of the tasks involved in waging war.
One example is a computer program called SWORDS, which was created to fight roadside ambushes with a weapon system mounted on a mobile robotic platform. The robot is currently being tested in Afghanistan, where it operates without direct human control to engage enemy combatants with deadly force.
Sophisticated AI weapons systems might also change the nature of warfare by making it more difficult for countries that are targeted by terrorism or insurgency tactics to determine who is an enemy combatant and who is a civilian.
Most AI theorists agree that it would be difficult or impossible to completely prevent the development of harmful or dangerous applications of AI research. They instead advocate for international cooperation to reduce the likelihood of malicious uses of superintelligent machines before they become possible.
A concern among people who are worried about the possibility of an AI singularity is that AI research is being conducted by private companies and organizations that are not obligated to share their findings.
Although some theorists believe it is still possible to shape AI progress in beneficial ways, others predict that maximization of individual economic interests will be the only goal compatible with continued survival for entities built with advanced forms of artificial intelligence.
According to theorists such as Russell and Vitalik Buterin, maximizing individual economic interests may result in a future where all power and agency belongs to corporations or other organizations rather than individuals. They fear that these organizations could then prevent individuals from having access to resources needed for self-actualization because those resources would be limited by competition for financial gain within capitalism.
How Does Artificial Intelligence Work?
Artificial intelligence is a term that has been used to describe a computer that can perform tasks that are normally thought of as requiring human intelligence. These tasks would include speech recognition, decision-making, and pattern recognition.
The idea of artificial intelligence goes back to the 1950s when researchers began to realize the technological potential of computers. Some of these early researchers suggested that computers would one day be able to perform tasks like humans and exhibit intelligence. Since that time, there has been a great deal of progress towards this goal and many people claim that artificial intelligence has become a reality.
To understand how artificial intelligence works, we first need to define it more clearly. One way of doing this is to list specific examples of human tasks that are difficult for computers. For example, consider the following:
- Understanding speech
- Performing mathematical calculations quickly and accurately
- Driving a car safely on crowded streets
- Recognizing objects in images (such as people’s faces)
As you can see, these are all tasks that humans do very well. However, they are not yet tasks that computers do well, at least not as well as a human can. The term artificial intelligence refers to the idea of developing computer programs that can perform these types of tasks and, ultimately, become more intelligent than humans in their performance of those tasks.
Now that we have an idea of what artificial intelligence means, we can start to think about how it works. We will discuss a few possible approaches in this article.
The first approach is to build up knowledge and then use that knowledge to perform various tasks. To understand what this would mean, imagine that you were creating a computer program that could play chess against an opponent. You would need to include a vast amount of knowledge about chess in that program. This would include knowledge about which moves are possible at each stage of the game, as well as what those moves will accomplish. In addition, it might be useful to have detailed information about past situations where similar games were played so you can study those games and learn from them. If the program had all of this knowledge and could use it effectively, then we would say that it exhibits artificial intelligence in playing chess.
One method for creating artificially intelligent computers is through deep learning algorithms. Deep learning means that there are many layers to the neural network that makes up the algorithm. As input comes into each layer deeper in the network, it moves through these layers and gets closer to the final output.
Another method is to allow computers to learn from experience without explicit programming. When this approach is used, the computer tries different actions in response to various situations and records which action works best. This allows it to teach itself without any outside input or specific instructions on what to do.
At its core, artificial intelligence is all about getting a computer to perform tasks that humans find easy but which have been difficult for computers until recently. We are starting to see some examples of this today in things like facial recognition and speech recognition software, though the programs involved are still not yet able to accomplish these tasks, as well as humans, can.
So what is artificial intelligence in computer terms? Simply put, it’s a way to get machines to do things that would normally require human intelligence. This can be done through programming the machine to learn from data or experience, designing intelligent agents, or creating computer networks that work together. The use of bots for customer service is becoming increasingly popular because they provide an easy and efficient way for customers to get help without having to wait on hold or speak to a real person. Have you ever used a chatbot? If so, tell us about your experience in the comments!
Kwa maneno ya msingi, akili bandia ni wakati kompyuta inafundishwa kufanya mambo ambayo kwa kawaida yanahitaji akili ya kibinadamu, kama vile kufikiri, mawasiliano ya asili, na kutatua matatizo. Hii inaweza kufanywa kwa njia kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na programu mashine kujifunza kutoka data au uzoefu, kubuni mawakala wenye akili, au kuunda mitandao ya kompyuta ambayo hufanya kazi pamoja ili kufikia kazi. teknolojia ya bot hutumiwa sana kutoa wateja huduma ya kiotomatiki kwenye tovuti na majukwaa ya ujumbe. Bot zinaweza kuelewa lugha ya asili na kuwasiliana na watu. Kulingana na kusudi la bot, biashara zinaweza kutumia bots kutoa habari kuhusu bidhaa na huduma, kushughulikia shughuli, kusimamia maswali ya huduma ya wateja au kutoa habari za hivi karibuni za biashara. Bots ni tofauti na programu kwa kuwa ni maombi ya msingi sana ambayo haihitaji ufungaji kwenye kifaa cha kompyuta kabla ya kutumiwa. Katika sehemu nyingine ya akili bandia, watafiti wanatumia kujifunza mashine kufundisha kompyuta kutambua tabia ya jeuri. Hii inaweza kusaidia timu za usalama kufuatilia matukio na kuingilia kati haraka zaidi. Kwa mfano, Facebook ilitengeneza programu inayoitwa Facing Facts ambayo hutumia kujifunza mashine, kugundua uso, uchambuzi wa tabia, na zana zingine zilizounganishwa na hifadhidata ya maarifa juu ya maeneo ya migogoro ulimwenguni. Ilichunguza machapisho milioni tatu kwenye mtandao huo wa kijamii kwa kipindi cha miezi mitatu, na kuwaonya watafiti wakati iligundua lugha au ishara zenye nguvu. Moja ya vyuo vikuu vya ulimwengu vinavyoongoza katika utafiti wa akili bandia ni Chuo Kikuu cha Cambridge na lengo kuu juu ya kujifunza mashine na roboti. Chuo kikuu hicho kimebuni algorithms kwa ajili ya magari yasiyo na dereva ambayo wanajaribu katika mji wa Milton Keynes. Watafiti wanaamini kuwa teknolojia hii inaweza kupunguza sana ajali, haswa katika kipindi cha sasa cha hali mbaya ya hewa, kwa kuruhusu magari kuwasiliana na kila mmoja. Timu hiyo hiyo pia inajaribu meli za magari yasiyo na dereva, ambayo ni magari madogo yenye viti viwili ambayo husafiri hadi 12mph. Kampuni ya teknolojia ya Intel ilitoa ya hivi karibuni katika mfululizo wake wa wasindikaji wa Skylake mwaka huu. Ina Neural Net Prediction ambayo inaruhusu chip kutabiri vitendo, kufanya kujifunza mashine ufanisi zaidi. Intel inasema mtandao wake wa neva hutumia teknolojia ya kujifunza kina kuchambua data na kutambua mifumo ndani yake, ikiruhusu kompyuta kufanya kazi ngumu bila haja ya kuwa na habari zote zilizopakiwa mapema. Matumizi ya akili bandia si mdogo kwa nguvu ya usindikaji ama. Mwaka huu, tuliona mafanikio kadhaa katika uwanja wa kompyuta ya quantum ambayo inaweza kutoa kompyuta na njia mpya kabisa ya kusindika na kuhifadhi data. Kwa mfano, kompyuta ya quantum ni ya kasi zaidi kuliko kompyuta za kawaida kwa sababu inafanya kazi kwa kutumia quantum bits badala ya bits za kawaida. Kompyuta za quantum pia zinaweza kufanya kazi na habari katika kiwango cha atomu, na kuwaruhusu kuhifadhi habari nyingi kuliko mifumo ya kawaida ya kompyuta. Akili bandia inakuwa sehemu muhimu ya maisha yetu ya kila siku na itaendelea kuendelezwa zaidi katika miaka ijayo. Inaweza kutumika kuelewa kiasi kikubwa cha data haraka ambayo ingekuwa vinginevyo kuchukua watu masaa au siku kufanya - kazi ambayo haiwezi kamwe kukamilika wakati wote bila msaada wa mashine. "Kwa kuwa kompyuta zinaweza kutabiri matokeo na kujifunza kutokana na uzoefu, inawezekana kwamba watu wataona ongezeko la idadi ya kazi zinazofanywa na roboti badala ya wanadamu.""" Akili ni nini? Akili ni uwezo wa kujifunza au kuelewa au kukabiliana na hali mpya au ngumu. Akili bandia ni uwanja wa sayansi unaohusika na kufanya kompyuta ziwe na uwezo wa kufanya kazi bila mwongozo wa binadamu, lakini ambayo inahitaji pembejeo ya binadamu ili waweze kufanya maamuzi ya akili. Ni neno linalotumiwa kuelezea uwezo wa mashine kufikiri kwa ajili yake mwenyewe na kusindika mazingira yake kulingana na vitendo inachukua. Akili bandia bado iko katika utotoni, lakini tayari tunaona teknolojia ambayo wakati mmoja ilikuwa imefungwa kwa uwongo wa sayansi inakuwa ukweli, shukrani kwa sehemu kwa maendeleo katika nguvu ya usindikaji. "Kama vile ""simu za kujiongoza"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi wa Siri"" na ""msaidizi ya Siri.""" Lengo la akili bandia ni kuunda mashine zinazoweza kufikiri wenyewe, lakini sayansi bado iko katika hatua ya mwanzo. Programu bado hawawezi kutoa uumbaji wao aina yoyote ya "mawazo", lakini wana upatikanaji wa baadhi ya zana ubunifu ambayo kuwezesha kompyuta kujifunza na kuendeleza kwa wenyewe. "Kama mfano, IBM ilitumia ""Deep Blue"" ili kumshinda mshindi wa dunia Garry Kasparov mwaka 1997 na ""Watson"" ili kushinda mashindano ya Jeopardy dhidi ya Brad Rutter na Ken Jennings mwaka 2011." Mifano hii inaweza kuonekana ya kuvutia, lakini mapinduzi ya kweli ni jinsi mifumo hii ya akili bandia ni kweli kuweka pamoja. Ujasusi bandia (AI) ni uwanja wa interdisciplinary wa sayansi ya kompyuta, uhandisi, na saikolojia. Wasomi wengi huona ufafanuzi wa AI kuwa wenye ubishi. Kulingana na New York Times, zaidi ya dola bilioni 7 zimetumika kwa utafiti wa AI tangu 1990, kiasi ambacho kinatia ndani miradi mingi ya kiraia na vilevile maendeleo ya silaha. Lengo la utafiti wa AI ni kuunda programu za kompyuta ambazo zinaweza kutatua matatizo kwa kujitegemea, kwa kutumia uwezo wa kufikiri na kufanya maamuzi. Wataalamu wengine wana wasiwasi juu ya uwezekano wa mifumo ya AI kugeuka kuwa kitu kisicho cha kirafiki au cha uovu, tukio ambalo wengine huita "Singularity" Hofu ni kwamba mashine za akili zaidi zitawaona wanadamu kama spishi ya chini na kutafuta kutawala au kutuangamiza. "Wanafunzi wengi wa AI wanaamini lengo lao ni kujenga mifumo ambayo inaweza kufikiri, kupanga, kujifunza, kuwasiliana na kutambua.""" Kulingana na mwanasayansi wa kompyuta Joseph Weintraub, roboti lazima iwe na uwezo wa kuamua vitendo vyake mwenyewe kulingana na hali ya ulimwengu na malengo yake ya sasa. Weintraub pia anadai kwamba mfumo wa AI lazima uweze kuamua jinsi ya kutumia na wakati wa kutumia mikakati na algorithms tofauti. Kwa mfano, mfumo wa AI unapaswa kujua ni lini ni bora kufikiri kwa mfano au ni wakati gani ni bora kujifunza kwa mfano. Utafiti wa AI umetumika katika anuwai ya matumizi ya kijeshi, pamoja na maendeleo ya magari ya kujitegemea yasiyo na watu, silaha, na mifumo ya uigizaji wa kijeshi. Ingawa matumizi haya ya AI yanaweza kuibua wasiwasi wa maadili, baadhi ya wanatheolojia wanaamini kwamba kwa kweli itapunguza majeruhi katika migogoro ya silaha kwa kuchukua baadhi ya kazi zinazohusika katika kupigana vita. Programu ya kompyuta inayoitwa SWORDS iliundwa ili kupambana na mashambulizi ya kando ya barabara kwa kutumia silaha zilizowekwa kwenye jukwaa la roboti. Roboti hiyo sasa inajaribiwa nchini Afghanistan, ambapo inafanya kazi bila udhibiti wa moja kwa moja wa binadamu ili kushambulia wapiganaji wa adui kwa nguvu mbaya. "Mifumo ya silaha ya AI ya hali ya juu inaweza pia kubadilisha asili ya vita kwa kufanya iwe ngumu zaidi kwa nchi ambazo zimepigwa na ugaidi au mbinu za uasi kuamua ni nani mpiganaji wa adui na ni nani raia. """ Watafiti wengi wa AI wanakubali kwamba itakuwa ngumu au haiwezekani kuzuia kabisa maendeleo ya matumizi mabaya au hatari ya utafiti wa AI. Badala yake, wanadai ushirikiano wa kimataifa ili kupunguza uwezekano wa kutumia mashine zenye akili nyingi kwa madhara kabla ya kutumiwa. "Watu wanaohusika na uwezekano wa kuwa na ""singularity"" ya AI wana wasiwasi kwamba utafiti wa AI unafanywa na makampuni ya kibinafsi na mashirika ambayo hayana wajibu wa kushiriki matokeo yao." Ingawa baadhi ya wanatheolojia wanaamini bado inawezekana kuunda maendeleo ya AI kwa njia zenye manufaa, wengine wanabashiri kwamba kuongeza maslahi ya kiuchumi ya mtu binafsi itakuwa lengo pekee linalofaa kwa kuendelea kuishi kwa vyombo vilivyojengwa na aina za hali ya juu za akili bandia. Kulingana na wanatheolojia kama vile Russell na Vitalik Buterin, kuongeza maslahi ya kiuchumi ya mtu binafsi kunaweza kusababisha siku zijazo ambapo nguvu zote na shirika ni mali ya mashirika au mashirika mengine badala ya watu binafsi. Wanaogopa kwamba mashirika haya yanaweza kuzuia watu kupata rasilimali zinazohitajika kwa kujitambua kwa sababu rasilimali hizo zingeweza kupunguzwa na ushindani kwa faida ya kifedha ndani ya ubepari. Akili bandia hufanya kazije? Akili bandia ni neno linalotumiwa kuelezea kompyuta inayoweza kufanya kazi ambazo kwa kawaida hufikiriwa kuwa zinahitaji akili ya binadamu. Kazi hizo zingetia ndani kutambua hotuba, kufanya maamuzi, na kutambua mifumo. Wazo la akili bandia lilianza miaka ya 1950 wakati watafiti walipoanza kutambua uwezo wa teknolojia ya kompyuta. Baadhi ya watafiti hao wa mapema walipendekeza kwamba siku moja kompyuta zingeweza kufanya kazi kama wanadamu na kuonyesha akili. Tangu wakati huo, kumekuwa na maendeleo mengi kuelekea lengo hili na watu wengi wanadai kwamba akili bandia imekuwa ukweli. Ili kuelewa jinsi akili bandia inavyofanya kazi, kwanza tunahitaji kuifasiri kwa uwazi zaidi. Njia moja ya kufanya hivyo ni kuorodhesha mifano maalum ya kazi za kibinadamu ambazo ni ngumu kwa kompyuta. Kwa mfano, fikiria mambo yafuatayo: - Kuelewa hotuba - Kufanya hesabu za hisabati haraka na kwa usahihi - Kuendesha gari kwa usalama barabarani yenye watu wengi - Kutambua vitu katika picha (kama vile nyuso za watu) Kama unavyoona, haya ni kazi ambazo wanadamu hufanya vizuri sana. Hata hivyo, bado si kazi ambazo kompyuta zinaweza kufanya vizuri, angalau si vizuri kama vile mwanadamu awezavyo kufanya. Akili bandia ni wazo la kuendeleza programu za kompyuta ambazo zinaweza kufanya kazi za aina hii na hatimaye kuwa na akili zaidi kuliko wanadamu katika utendaji wao. Sasa kwa kuwa tuna wazo la nini akili bandia ina maana, tunaweza kuanza kufikiri kuhusu jinsi inafanya kazi. Tutazungumzia njia kadhaa zinazoweza kutumiwa katika makala hii. Njia ya kwanza ni kujenga ujuzi na kisha kutumia ujuzi huo kufanya kazi mbalimbali. Ili kuelewa maana ya maneno hayo, fikiria kwamba unafanya programu ya kompyuta inayoweza kucheza mchezo wa chesi dhidi ya mpinzani. Unahitaji kuingiza kiasi kikubwa cha maarifa kuhusu mchezo wa chess katika programu hiyo. Hii inahusisha kujua ni hatua gani zinazowezekana katika kila hatua ya mchezo, na pia ni nini hatua hizo zitakamilisha. Kwa kuongezea, inaweza kuwa muhimu kuwa na habari ya kina juu ya hali za zamani ambapo michezo kama hiyo ilichezwa ili uweze kusoma michezo hiyo na kujifunza kutoka kwao. Kama programu ilikuwa na maarifa haya yote na inaweza kutumia kwa ufanisi, basi tungesema kwamba inaonyesha akili bandia katika kucheza chess. Njia moja ya kuunda kompyuta zenye akili bandia ni kupitia algorithms za kujifunza kwa kina. Kujifunza kwa kina inamaanisha kwamba kuna tabaka nyingi kwa mtandao wa neva ambao hufanya algorithm. Kama pembejeo inakuja katika kila safu ya kina katika mtandao, ni hoja kwa njia ya tabaka hizi na anapata karibu na pato la mwisho. Njia nyingine ni kuruhusu kompyuta kujifunza kutokana na uzoefu bila programu ya wazi. Wakati mbinu hii hutumiwa, kompyuta inajaribu vitendo tofauti kwa kujibu hali mbalimbali na rekodi ambayo hatua inafanya kazi bora. Hilo humruhusu ajifunze mwenyewe bila msaada wa nje au maagizo hususa ya nini cha kufanya. Kwa msingi, akili bandia ni juu ya kupata kompyuta kufanya kazi ambazo wanadamu hupata rahisi lakini ambazo zimekuwa ngumu kwa kompyuta hadi hivi karibuni. "Tunaanza kuona mifano ya hii leo katika vitu kama utambuzi wa uso na programu ya utambuzi wa hotuba, ingawa programu zinazohusika bado haziwezi kutekeleza kazi hizi, kama vile wanadamu wanaweza.""" Kwa hiyo akili bandia ni nini katika maneno ya kompyuta? Kwa ufupi, ni njia ya kupata mashine kufanya mambo ambayo kwa kawaida ingehitaji akili ya binadamu. Hii inaweza kufanywa kwa programu mashine kujifunza kutoka data au uzoefu, kubuni mawakala akili, au kujenga mitandao ya kompyuta kwamba kazi pamoja. Matumizi ya roboti kwa huduma ya wateja inazidi kuwa maarufu kwa sababu hutoa njia rahisi na bora kwa wateja kupata msaada bila kusubiri au kuzungumza na mtu halisi. Je, umewahi kutumia chatbot? Ikiwa ndivyo, tuambie juu ya uzoefu wako katika maoni!