Scientistscome up empty—no viable CAR T metastatic cells to test CAR T-cell therapies
For the first time, scientists have tested their experimental CAR T-cell therapy technique and were able to successfully treat leukemia patients without cellular toxicity—evidence that may enable tests in more other cancer types. The research was led by Christoph Becker, Ph. D., director of the Division of Tumor Biology and a member of the Cancer Nutrition and Cancer Research Institute at the University of Copenhagen. The research has been published in Cell Reports.
CAR T-cell therapy is a treatment in which a patient’s cancer is killed by immune cells attacking resident or foreign cells. Its use to treat multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia, among others, has produced promising results. CAR T therapy is based on transforming growth factor beta, which is, among other things, an important factor in the need for T-cell therapy.
When children are diagnosed with leukemia, the immune system of the child decides against going it alone and attacks the leukemia cells. But when the immune system cannot attack myeloma cells, CAR T therapy is a promising option.
An estimated 30, 000 people in the western world die from leukemia each year. In the long term, there are currently no therapies that target myeloma cells. However, in combination with conventional therapies, such as chemotherapy or immunotherapy, myeloma can become resistant to conventional immunotherapy—a technique in which the patient is vaccinated against the disease by raising levels of T-cells that attack the cancer cells.
“Our study shows that instead of using T cells to attack myeloma cells, CAR T cells can be used to kill leukemia cells. This important finding underlines the great potential of experimental therapies in the future for treating leukemia, ” says Christoph Becker.
The method involved in the study is known as “CAR T-directed therapy “. The technique was tested exclusively in mice and the approach has already been tested and successfully tested successfully on patients.
The researchers present a preliminary proof of principle showing that CAR T-directed therapy can work successfully. As little remains to be done before clinical trials can be initiated in patients, the research has already been published in the scientific journal Cell Reports.
Kwa mara ya kwanza, wanasayansi wamepima mbinu yao ya majaribio ya matibabu ya seli za T za CAR na waliweza kutibu wagonjwa wa leukemia bila sumu ya seli - ushahidi ambao unaweza kuwezesha vipimo katika aina zingine za kansa. Utafiti huo uliongozwa na Christoph Becker, Ph. D. Mkurugenzi wa Idara ya Biolojia ya Tumor na mwanachama wa Taasisi ya Chakula cha Saratani na Utafiti wa Saratani katika Chuo Kikuu cha Copenhagen. Utafiti huo umechapishwa katika jarida la Cell Reports. Tiba ya seli za T-CAR ni matibabu ambayo kansa ya mgonjwa huuawa na seli za kinga zinazoshambulia seli za ndani au za kigeni. Matumizi yake ya kutibu ugonjwa wa multiple myeloma na leukemia kali ya lymphoblastic, miongoni mwa mengine, yametoa matokeo yenye kuahidi. T-CAR inategemea kubadilisha beta ya ukuaji wa kiungo, ambayo ni, kati ya mambo mengine, sababu muhimu katika haja ya tiba ya seli za T. Wakati mtoto anapogunduliwa kuwa na leukemia, mfumo wa kinga wa mtoto huamua dhidi ya kwenda peke yake na kushambulia seli za leukemia. Lakini mfumo wa kinga unaposhindwa kushambulia chembe za myeloma, tiba ya CAR-T ni chaguo lenye matumaini. Inakadiriwa kwamba watu 30,000 hufa kutokana na leukemia kila mwaka katika nchi za Magharibi. Kwa muda mrefu, kwa sasa hakuna tiba zinazolenga chembe za myeloma. Hata hivyo, kwa kuchanganywa na matibabu ya kawaida, kama vile chemotherapy au immunotherapy, myeloma inaweza kuwa sugu kwa immunotherapy ya kawaida - mbinu ambayo mgonjwa ni chanjo dhidi ya ugonjwa kwa kuongeza viwango vya T-chembe kwamba kushambulia seli za kansa. """Utafiti wetu unaonyesha kwamba badala ya kutumia chembe za T kushambulia chembe za myeloma, chembe za CAR-T zinaweza kutumiwa kuua chembe za leukemia." Ugunduzi huu muhimu unasisitiza uwezekano mkubwa wa matibabu ya majaribio katika siku zijazo kwa ajili ya kutibu leukemia, <unk> anasema Christoph Becker. Mbinu inayohusika katika utafiti huo inajulikana kama <unk>CAR T-directed therapy <unk>. Utaratibu huo ulijaribiwa tu kwenye panya na tayari umejaribiwa kwa mafanikio kwa wagonjwa. Watafiti hao wametoa uthibitisho wa awali wa kanuni inayoonyesha kwamba tiba inayoelekezwa na CAR-T inaweza kufanya kazi kwa mafanikio. Kwa kuwa bado kuna kazi kidogo ya kufanywa kabla ya majaribio ya kliniki kuanza kwa wagonjwa, utafiti huo tayari umechapishwa katika jarida la kisayansi la Cell Reports.