Do you know the types of water pollution we battle with daily? How many they are and how we can handle them? You will find some answers to these questions as you peruse this article.
The aquatic environment makes up three-quarters of the earth’s surface. 97 percent out of the entire volume is saline. The remaining 3 percent is freshwater. 75 percent of this freshwater is locked up in glaciers, ice caps, and the aquifer.
This shows that although water is everywhere, the quality available for domestic, agricultural, and industrial use is limited. Elven the available one is being depleted by different types of water pollution.
Water pollution is a pretty popular subject everywhere. Almost all water bodies and waterways have been polluted at one point or the other. Most types of water pollution come from human or anthropogenic activities. In the same vein, most types of water pollution can be controlled and even eliminated by the control and elimination of certain human activities.
Pollution as we all know is the release of harmful solid, liquid, and gaseous substances into the environment. These substances when released in little or large quantities alter the physical, biological, and chemical nature of that environment.
All types of pollution contaminate the environment (air, water, and land). Pollution can happen as a result of natural processes and human activities. Mudflow, fires, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunami, floods are all-natural occurrences that cause environmental pollution.
Pollution that takes place in the water or aquatic environment is referred to as water pollution. All types of water pollution lead to a reduction in water quality.
Table of Contents
What is water pollution?
Water is a scarce key resource that all sectors of the economy compete for. It is a renewable natural resource that is necessary for sustaining life, food production, and maintaining our general wellbeing. In a simple sentence, all industrial, environmental, and metabolic processes are water-dependent.
Water as a natural resource can be recycled, transported, and used for diverse purposes such as solvent, temperature buffer, metabolite, living environment, and lubricants. Pollution of our water bodies poses a great threat to humans and the aquatic ecosystem.
When we say that water has been polluted, it means that that water has been rendered unfit for the intended use. This is because some of the several water quality parameters have been hampered by unguided and irregularities from several anthropogenic activities.
Water pollution is the presence of impurities that may be organic, inorganic, biological, or radiological in water. These impurities render the water toxic.
Materials responsible for different types of water pollution can be heavy metals, dyes, wastewater, solvents, toxic sludge, sullage, hormones, petrochemicals, radioactive wastes, human and animal pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and personal care product wastes, high temperature, alien species, pathogens, fertilizers, acids, alkalis, plastics, detergents, sediments, and crude oil.
Sources of all types of water pollution may be point sources, non-point sources, or transboundary sources. Point sources of water pollution are those sources that are single, direct, and can easily be identified. An example is an effluent discharge pipe.
Non-point sources of water pollution are pollution sources coming from diverse points. The pollutants are often the cumulative effect of small amounts of other pollutants gathered from a large area. This type of source delivers pollutants indirectly through environmental changes and accounts for the majority of the contaminants in streams and lakes. Examples include agricultural runoff or debris from land into waterways.
Transboundary pollution occurs when contaminated water flows from one country and enters into the waters of another country. An example is pollution occurring in the Arctic, where radioactive waste from reprocessing plant in England, thousands of miles away, have migrated through the Gulf streams into the Norwegian coast, contaminating fishes in the arctic with PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl).
Almost all types of water pollution can be identified by sight, color, and taste. These are physical parameters that show that particular water is polluted. Others include odor, turbidity, temperature, and electrical conductivity.
Other parameters can be tested in the laboratory to determine if water is polluted or not. These are the chemical parameters. They are the chemical properties of water that are altered when any of the types of water pollution takes place. They include the Total Dissolved Solids (amount of carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, and metal ions), Total Suspended Solids, electrical conductivity, salinity, pH, etc.
Biological organisms such as algae, fungi, viruses, protozoa, and bacteria present in water also indicate the level of pollution in water. They are affected by pollutants in water. Biological parameters give an indirect indication of the amount of pollution in water.
9 Types of Water Pollution
- Surface Water Pollution
- Groundwater Pollution
- Petroleum Pollution
- Sediment Pollution
- Sewage Pollution
- Thermal Pollution
- Radioactive Pollution
- Chemical Pollution
- Solid Waste Pollution
1. Surface Water Pollution
Surface water pollution is a type of water pollution, occurring on waters located on the earth’s surface. Examples of surface waters are rivers, lakes, streams, oceans, seas, ponds, etc.
Rain and snowfalls are the major activities that refill surface water. This happens during the hydrological cycle. During the hydrological cycle, water evaporates from surface water bodies to form clouds. When the clouds become saturated with water vapor, they release rain or snow onto the earth’s surface as precipitation. Water that has been released flows as runoff into the rivers and then the oceans. The water again evaporates and the cycle continues.
Surface water pollution among other types of water pollution can easily be detected with the human eye. This means that they can also easily be removed.
Sources of surface water pollution can be point sources (such as domestic and industrial wastes), non-point sources (from agriculture farms, construction sites, abandoned mines), natural sources (siltation of soil, sand, and mineral particles), or anthropogenic (sewage and wastewater, industrial and agricultural wastes).
Eutrophication is an indication of water pollution in surface waters. It happens when nutrients are in excess in a water body. These nutrients come from the decomposition of organic waste materials by aquatic aerobic microorganisms. These microorganisms are aerobic thus, use up dissolved oxygen in the process. As more wastes find their way into surface water, nutrients available for decomposition increase, and deoxygenation also increases.
While this is taking place, the rate of growth of algae and other aquatic plants like duckweed escalates. They keep feeding on the nutrients until the nutrients become exhausted. At this stage, those aquatic organisms begin to die off and oxygen deficiency increases.
Surface water pollution is easier to address when compared to other types of water pollution. This is because surface water has a natural tendency to clean itself as it contains certain organisms that break down pollutants into harmless substances
2. Groundwater Pollution
Groundwater is water found between soil pores and underground rocks. Groundwater is very important for agricultural and industrial purposes. Among all types of water pollution, groundwater pollution is the most difficult to handle; it is almost impossible. Polluted groundwater can be distributed to surface waters.
Groundwater pollution happens when polluted water seeps into the ground and enters an aquifer. Causes of groundwater pollution can be dumping of raw sewage on soil, seepage pits, and septic tanks; the excessive use of nitrogenous fertilizers and unchecked release of toxic wastes and carcinogenic substances by industrial units; etc. These wastes gradually trickle down through the soil pores and find their way into groundwater as leachate.
Polluted groundwater can move over large distances through the empty spaces below the earth’s surface. When this happens, locating the source of pollution becomes difficult as pollutants find their way into new locations.
Types of water pollution can also be derived from the pollutants causing water pollution. Here, we have chemical pollution, solid waste pollution, wastewater pollution, thermal or heat pollution, radioactive pollution, etc.
3. Petroleum Pollution
These types of water pollution come from petroleum products such as oil, gasoline, and additives. They enter into water from ships and marine terminals, offshore oil rigs, runoff from parking lots, factories, oil dumping, drips of oil, fuel, and fluid from cars and trucks, dribbles of oil spilled onto the ground at the filling station, and drips from industrial machinery, spills from vandalized pipelines.
When the oil gets into water sources, they form an oil slick that floats on the water surface causing the death of marine life and severely affecting the ecosystem of the ocean. Most of the worst petroleum pollution disasters have been due to accidents involving oil rigs, pipelines, or oil tankers.
4. Sediment Pollution
Sediment pollution is caused by soil particles carried to streams, lakes, or oceans from the sediments. These sediments are large and are generated from erosion, floods, and tsunami.
When these sediments are carried into waterways, they damage the water by increasing nutrient load in the water.
5. Sewage Pollution
This is a type of water pollution resulting from the disposal of sewage into the water environment. In some coastal cities, rural areas, and unplanned cities, sewage is disposed into waterways. Some pleasant boats and large ships also dispose of sewage illegally into the aquatic environment.
Water can also be polluted with sewage when uncontrollable natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes occur. They cause sewage to flow into water sources. Treatment plant failures and overflows may result in untreated sewage entering rivers and coastal waters.
The sewage usually contains garbage, soaps, detergents, waste food, and human excreta, pathogenic or disease-causing bacteria, fungi, protozoa, algae, nitrates, and phosphates. All these pollute the water environment and cause diseases such as typhoid, cholera, gastroenteritis, dysentery, polio, and viral hepatitis.
6. Thermal Pollution
Thermal pollution happens when there is an alteration in the optimum temperature of a water surface. This is caused by industries that require the use of water in the cooling of their nuclear power plants and thermal plants.
After being used for cooling, the water taken from rivers, bays, or lakes is released into these waters as hot water. This causes a rise in the temperature of the water surface and leads to an imbalance in the ecology of the water body. It also lowers the level of dissolved oxygen in the water.
7. Radioactive Pollution
Most radioactive pollution originates from natural sources due to leaching from minerals. Others come from accidental leakage of waste material from uranium and thorium mines, nuclear-powered ships, power plants and industries, research laboratories, and hospitals that use radioisotopes. These radioactive pollutants are carcinogenic.
8. Chemical Pollution
This is pollution emerging from the release of chemical pollutants into the aquatic environment. They can come from agricultural or industrial activities. Chemical pollutants from agricultural activities include fertilizers (phosphates and nitrates), manure, pesticides ( eg. DDT, dieldrin, aldrin, malathion, carbaryl, etc.).
Those from industrial activities include but are not limited to highly toxic heavy metals such as chromium, arsenic, lead, mercury, etc. along with hazardous organic and inorganic wastes (e.g., acids, alkalis, cyanides, chlorides, trichloroethene, PCB, etc.)
9. Solid Waste Pollution
This is one of the most common types of water pollution. When solid waste from homes, offices, schools, open markets, malls, hospitals, streets, parks, are either littered around, disposed of improperly, or intentionally discarded into water surfaces, they constitute environmental nuisance in form of water pollution.
One most common forms of solid waste pollution in water is the problem of plastics in the ocean. These plastics are insoluble and are not biodegradable. When they end up on the high seas, they compete with aquatic organisms for space. These plastics also clog the respiratory organs of these organisms thereby, causing them to suffocate.
Another effect of plastics in high seas is that of biomagnification. Aquatic organisms become contaminated with plastics when they consume plastic pellets. When the contaminated organisms serve as food to those higher in the food chain, they also become contaminated. In this way, plastic toxicity persists and its toxicity in the food chain increases.
Is water pollution a global issue?
Yes, water pollution is a global issue.
How can I tell if water is polluted or not?
Most types of water pollution can be detected through taste, color, and odor. However, for more accurate detail on the status of the water, further laboratory analysis should be carried out and results compared with regulatory standards.
Do natural sources of water get polluted?
Yes, all sources of water can become polluted. Naturally, rainwater is the purest source of water but when it falls from a polluted atmosphere, the rains come down alongside dissolved air pollutants.
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Je, unajua ni aina gani za uchafuzi wa maji tunazopambana nazo kila siku? Kuna watu wangapi na tunawezaje kukabiliana nao? Utapata majibu ya maswali hayo unapoisoma makala hii. Mazingira ya majini hufanyiza robo tatu ya uso wa dunia. 97% ya maji ya maji ya bahari ni saline. Asilimia tatu iliyobaki ni maji safi. Asilimia 75 ya maji hayo safi yanapatikana katika barafu, barafu, na mabonde ya maji. Hii inaonyesha kwamba ingawa maji yapo kila mahali, ubora unaopatikana kwa ajili ya matumizi ya nyumbani, kilimo, na viwanda ni mdogo. Hata ile inayopatikana inadhoofishwa na aina mbalimbali za uchafuzi wa maji. Uchafuzi wa maji ni mada maarufu sana kila mahali. Karibu maji yote na njia za maji zimechafuliwa wakati mmoja au mwingine. Aina nyingi za uchafuzi wa maji hutokana na shughuli za kibinadamu au za kibinadamu. Kwa njia hiyohiyo, aina nyingi za uchafuzi wa maji zinaweza kudhibitiwa na hata kuondolewa kwa kudhibiti na kuondoa shughuli fulani za kibinadamu. Uchafuzi kama tunavyojua wote ni kutolewa kwa vitu vyenye madhara vya imara, umajimaji, na gesi katika mazingira. Vitu hivyo vinapoachwa kwa wingi au kwa kiasi kidogo, hubadili hali ya kimwili, kibiolojia, na kemikali ya mazingira hayo. Aina zote za uchafuzi huchafua mazingira (hewa, maji, na ardhi). Uchafuzi wa mazingira waweza kutokea kwa sababu ya utaratibu wa asili na shughuli za kibinadamu. Mtiririko wa matope, moto, milipuko ya volkano, matetemeko ya ardhi, tsunami, mafuriko ni matukio ya asili yote ambayo husababisha uchafuzi wa mazingira. Uchafuzi unaotokea katika maji au mazingira ya majini huitwa uchafuzi wa maji. Aina zote za uchafuzi wa maji husababisha kupungua kwa ubora wa maji. Jedwali la Yaliyomo Uchafuzi wa Maji Ni Nini? Maji ni rasilimali muhimu nadra ambayo sekta zote za uchumi zinashindana kuipata. Ni rasilimali ya asili inayobadilika ambayo ni muhimu kwa kuendeleza maisha, uzalishaji wa chakula, na kudumisha ustawi wetu wa jumla. Kwa maneno sahili, michakato yote ya viwanda, mazingira, na kimetaboliki hutegemea maji. Maji kama rasilimali ya asili inaweza kuwa recycled, kusafirishwa, na kutumika kwa madhumuni mbalimbali kama vile solvent, joto buffer, metabolite, mazingira ya kuishi, na lubricants. Uchafuzi wa maji yetu ni tisho kubwa kwa wanadamu na mfumo wa ikolojia wa majini. "Kama tunavyosema kwamba maji yameharibiwa, inamaanisha kwamba maji hayo yamekuwa ""yasiyofaa kwa matumizi yaliyotarajiwa.""" Hii ni kwa sababu baadhi ya vigezo kadhaa vya ubora wa maji vimezuiwa na usimamizi na makosa kutoka kwa shughuli kadhaa za binadamu. Uchafuzi wa maji ni uwepo wa uchafuzi ambao unaweza kuwa wa kikaboni, asilia, kibiolojia, au radiolojia katika maji. Vitu hivyo visivyo safi hufanya maji yawe na sumu. Vifaa vinavyosababisha uchafuzi wa maji vinaweza kuwa metali nzito, rangi, maji taka, vimumunyifu, matope yenye sumu, sulage, homoni, petrochemicals, taka za mnururisho, dawa za binadamu na wanyama, vipodozi na taka za bidhaa za huduma ya kibinafsi, joto la juu, spishi za kigeni, vimelea, mbolea, asidi, alkali, plastiki, detergents, sediments, na mafuta ghafi. Vyanzo vya aina zote za uchafuzi wa maji vinaweza kuwa vyanzo vya uhakika, vyanzo visivyo vya uhakika, au vyanzo vya kuvuka mipaka. Vyanzo vya uhakika vya uchafuzi wa maji ni vyanzo hivyo ambavyo ni vya moja kwa moja, vya moja kwa moja, na vinaweza kutambuliwa kwa urahisi. Mfano ni bomba la kutolea maji machafu. Vyanzo visivyo vya uhakika vya uchafuzi wa maji ni vyanzo vya uchafuzi vinavyokuja kutoka kwa pointi mbalimbali. Mara nyingi uchafuzi huo hutokana na ongezeko la kiasi kidogo cha uchafuzi mwingine unaokusanywa kutoka eneo kubwa. Aina hii ya chanzo hutoa uchafuzi kwa njia isiyo ya moja kwa moja kupitia mabadiliko ya mazingira na inawakilisha idadi kubwa ya uchafuzi katika vijito na maziwa. Mifano ni pamoja na maji ya kilimo au mabaki kutoka ardhini kwenye njia za maji. Uchafuzi unaovuka mipaka hutokea wakati maji machafu yanapotoka katika nchi moja na kuingia katika maji ya nchi nyingine. Kwa mfano, uchafuzi unaotokea katika eneo la Aktiki, ambapo taka za mnururisho kutoka kiwanda cha kusafisha nyenzo huko Uingereza, maelfu ya maili mbali, zimehamia kupitia mito ya Ghuba hadi pwani ya Norway, zikichanganya samaki katika eneo la Aktiki na PCB (polychlorinated biphenyl). Karibu aina zote za uchafuzi wa maji zaweza kutambuliwa kwa kuona, rangi, na ladha. Hizi ni vigezo vya kimwili vinavyoonyesha kwamba maji fulani yamechafuliwa. Mambo mengine yanatia ndani harufu, ukungu, halijoto, na uwezo wa kuongoza umeme. Vigezo vingine vinaweza kupimwa katika maabara ili kujua kama maji yamechafuliwa au la. Hizi ni vigezo vya kemikali. Ni sifa za kemikali za maji ambazo hubadilika wakati aina yoyote ya uchafuzi wa maji inapofanyika. Kwa mfano, jumla ya solidi zilizomwagika (kiasi cha carbonates, sulfates, chlorides, fluorides, nitrates, na ions chuma), jumla ya solids suspended, conductivity umeme, salinity, pH, na kadhalika. Viumbe hai kama vile mwani, kuvu, virusi, protozoa, na bakteria zilizopo katika maji pia huonyesha kiwango cha uchafuzi wa maji. Wao huathiriwa na uchafuzi wa maji. Vigezo vya kibiolojia hutoa dalili isiyo ya moja kwa moja ya kiasi cha uchafuzi katika maji. Uchafuzi wa maji - Uchafuzi wa maji ya uso - Uchafuzi wa maji ya chini ya ardhi - Uchafuzi wa mafuta - Uchafuzi wa sediment - Uchafuzi wa maji machafu - Uchafuzi wa joto - Uchafuzi wa mnururisho - Uchafuzi wa kemikali - Uchafuzi wa taka ngumu 1. Uchafuzi wa maji ya uso Uchafuzi wa maji ya uso ni aina ya uchafuzi wa maji, yanayotokea kwenye maji yaliyo juu ya uso wa dunia. Mifano ya maji ya uso ni mito, maziwa, vijito, bahari, bahari, vidimbwi, nk. Mvua na theluji ndizo shughuli kuu zinazojaza maji ya uso. Hilo hutukia wakati wa mzunguko wa maji. Wakati wa mzunguko wa maji, maji huyeyuka kutoka kwenye maji ya juu na kufanyiza mawingu. Mawingu yanapojaa mvuke wa maji, hutokeza mvua au theluji kwenye uso wa dunia kama mvua. Maji yaliyotolewa hutiririka kama maji ya mtiririko ndani ya mito na kisha baharini. Maji hayo huyeyuka tena na mzunguko huo huendelea. Uchafuzi wa maji ya uso kati ya aina nyingine za uchafuzi wa maji unaweza kugunduliwa kwa urahisi kwa jicho la binadamu. Hilo lamaanisha kwamba zinaweza kuondolewa kwa urahisi pia. Vyanzo vya uchafuzi wa maji ya uso vinaweza kuwa vyanzo vya uhakika (kama vile taka za nyumbani na viwanda), vyanzo visivyo vya uhakika (kutoka mashamba ya kilimo, maeneo ya ujenzi, migodi iliyokatwa), vyanzo vya asili (siltation ya udongo, mchanga, na chembe za madini), au vya binadamu (maji ya taka na taka, taka za viwanda na kilimo). Eutrophication ni dalili ya uchafuzi wa maji katika maji ya uso. Inatokea wakati virutubisho vingi vikiwa vingi katika maji. Vyakula hivyo hutokana na uharibifu wa taka za kikaboni na viumbe wadogo wanaoishi majini. Viumbe hawa wadogo ni aerobic hivyo, kutumia juu ya oksijeni iliyomwagika katika mchakato. Kadiri taka nyingi zinavyoingia katika maji ya uso, ndivyo virutubisho vinavyopatikana kwa ajili ya uharibifu vinavyoongezeka, na hivyo hivyo pia uharibifu wa oksijeni huongezeka. Wakati huohuo, kiwango cha ukuzi wa mwani na mimea mingine ya majini kama vile duckweed huongezeka. Wao huendelea kula virutubisho hivyo hadi virutubisho hivyo vinapokwisha. Katika hatua hii, viumbe hao wa majini huanza kufa na upungufu wa oksijeni huongezeka. Uchafuzi wa maji ya uso ni rahisi kushughulikia ikilinganishwa na aina nyingine za uchafuzi wa maji. Hii ni kwa sababu maji ya uso yana mwelekeo wa asili wa kujisafisha yenyewe, kwani yana viumbe fulani vinavyovunja uchafuzi katika vitu visivyo na madhara. Uchafuzi wa Maji ya Chini ya Ardhi Maji ya Chini ya Ardhi ni maji yanayopatikana kati ya pores za udongo na miamba ya chini ya ardhi. Maji ya chini ya ardhi ni muhimu sana kwa ajili ya kilimo na viwanda. Kati ya aina zote za uchafuzi wa maji, uchafuzi wa maji ya chini ya ardhi ni ngumu zaidi kushughulikia; ni karibu haiwezekani. Maji ya chini ya ardhi yaliyochafuliwa yanaweza kusambazwa kwenye maji ya juu. Uchafuzi wa maji ya chini ya ardhi hutokea wakati maji machafu yanapoingia ndani ya ardhi na kuingia katika tabaka la maji. "Madhara ya maji ya chini ya ardhi yanaweza kusababishwa na kutupwa kwa maji machafu kwenye udongo, mashimo ya kuvuja, na matangi ya septic; matumizi ya kupita kiasi ya mbolea za nitrojeni na kutolewa bila kudhibitiwa kwa taka za sumu na vitu vya kansa na vitengo vya viwanda. """ Matokeo hayo hupita hatua kwa hatua kupitia matundu ya udongo na kuingia ndani ya maji ya chini ya ardhi. Maji ya chini ya ardhi yaliyochafuliwa yanaweza kusafiri umbali mrefu kupitia nafasi tupu chini ya uso wa dunia. Hilo linapotokea, inakuwa vigumu kupata chanzo cha uchafuzi wa hewa kwa sababu uchafuzi huo huingia katika maeneo mapya. Aina za uchafuzi wa maji pia zinaweza kupatikana kutoka kwa uchafuzi unaosababisha uchafuzi wa maji. Kwa mfano, uchafuzi wa kemikali, uchafuzi wa taka, uchafuzi wa maji machafu, uchafuzi wa joto, uchafuzi wa mnururisho, na mengineyo. 3. Uwe na mtazamo wa kweli Uchafuzi wa mafuta Aina hizi za uchafuzi wa maji hutokana na bidhaa za petroli kama vile mafuta, petroli, na viambatisho. Maji huingia ndani ya maji kutoka kwa meli na vituo vya baharini, mashine za mafuta, maji kutoka kwenye maegesho, viwanda, mafuta ya kuvuja, matone ya mafuta, mafuta, na kioevu kutoka kwa magari na malori, matone ya mafuta yaliyomwagika ardhini kwenye kituo cha mafuta, na matone kutoka kwa mashine za viwanda, matone kutoka kwa mabomba yaliyoharibiwa. Mafuta hayo yanapoingia kwenye maji, hufanyiza mafuta yanayoelea kwenye maji, na kusababisha vifo vya viumbe wa baharini na kuathiri sana mazingira ya bahari. Misiba mingi mbaya zaidi ya uchafuzi wa mafuta imesababishwa na aksidenti zinazohusisha mashine za kuchimba mafuta, mabomba, au meli za kubebea mafuta. 4. Uwe na uhakika Uchafuzi wa sediment Uchafuzi wa sediment husababishwa na chembe za udongo zinazopelekwa kwenye vijito, maziwa, au bahari kutoka kwa sediment. Matope hayo ni makubwa na hutokana na mmomonyoko wa ardhi, mafuriko, na tsunami. Madini hayo yanapoingia kwenye njia za maji, yanaharibu maji kwa kuongeza kiasi cha virutubisho vilivyomo. 5. Uwe na mtazamo mzuri. Uchafuzi wa maji machafu ni aina ya uchafuzi wa maji unaotokana na kutupwa kwa maji machafu katika mazingira ya maji. Katika baadhi ya majiji ya pwani, maeneo ya mashambani, na majiji yasiyo na mipango, maji machafu hutolewa kwenye njia za maji. Mashua fulani zenye kupendeza na meli kubwa pia hutupa maji machafu kinyume cha sheria katika mazingira ya majini. Maji yaweza pia kuchafuliwa na maji machafu wakati misiba ya asili isiyoweza kudhibitiwa kama vile mafuriko na matetemeko ya ardhi yanapotokea. Hizo husababisha maji machafu kutiririka kwenye vyanzo vya maji. Kushindwa kwa mitambo ya kusafisha maji na kufurika kwa maji kunaweza kusababisha maji machafu yasiyotiwa maji yawe kwenye mito na maji ya pwani. Maji ya taka kwa kawaida huwa na taka, sabuni, dawa za kuosha, chakula kilichotumika, na uchafu wa binadamu, bakteria zinazosababisha magonjwa, kuvu, protozoa, mwani, nitrati, na fosfati. Vitu hivyo vyote huchafua mazingira ya maji na kusababisha magonjwa kama vile homa ya tifoidi, kipindupindu, ugonjwa wa tumbo na matumbo, ugonjwa wa kuhara, polio, na ugonjwa wa ini. 6. Uwe na uhakika Uchafuzi wa joto Uchafuzi wa joto hutokea wakati kuna mabadiliko katika joto bora la uso wa maji. Hii ni kutokana na viwanda ambavyo vinahitaji matumizi ya maji katika baridi ya mitambo yao ya nyuklia na mitambo ya joto. Baada ya kutumiwa kwa ajili ya baridi, maji yanayotokana na mito, ghuba, au maziwa hutolewa katika maji hayo kama maji moto. Hii husababisha kuongezeka kwa joto la uso wa maji na kusababisha usawa katika ikolojia ya mwili wa maji. Pia hupunguza kiwango cha oksijeni iliyoyeyuka katika maji. 7. Uwe na mtazamo gani? Uchafuzi wa mnururisho Uchafuzi mwingi wa mnururisho hutokana na vyanzo vya asili kwa sababu ya kuvuja kutoka kwa madini. Mengi ya hayo hutokana na uvujaji wa taka kutoka kwenye migodi ya uranium na thorium, meli zinazotumia nishati ya nyuklia, mitambo ya umeme na viwanda, maabara za utafiti, na hospitali zinazotumia radioisotopu. Vichafuzi hivyo vyenye mnururisho ni vya kusababisha kansa. 8. Uwe na mtazamo gani? Uchafuzi wa kemikali Hii ni uchafuzi unaojitokeza kutokana na kutolewa kwa uchafuzi wa kemikali katika mazingira ya maji. Zinaweza kutokea kutokana na shughuli za kilimo au za viwanda. Kwa mfano, kemikali zinazotokana na shughuli za kilimo ni kama vile mbolea (phosphates na nitrates), mbolea, dawa za kuua wadudu (p. DDT, dieldrin, aldrin, malathion, carbaryl, na kadhalika. Hizi kutoka shughuli za viwanda ni pamoja na lakini si mdogo kwa metali nzito yenye sumu sana kama vile chromium, arsenic, risasi, zebaki, nk. Kwa mfano, kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali za kemikali. 9. (a) Kwa nini? Uchafuzi wa taka thabiti Hii ni moja ya aina ya kawaida ya uchafuzi wa maji. Wakati taka ngumu kutoka nyumba, ofisi, shule, masoko ya wazi, maduka makubwa, hospitali, barabara, mbuga, ama ni littered karibu, kuondolewa vibaya, au makusudi kutupwa katika nyuso za maji, wao ni kuathiri mazingira katika fomu ya uchafuzi wa maji. Moja ya aina za kawaida za uchafuzi wa taka imara katika maji ni tatizo la plastiki katika bahari. Plastiki hizo haziwezi kuyeyuka na haziwezi kuharibiwa kibiolojia. Wanapowasili baharini, wanashindana na viumbe wa majini ili kupata nafasi. Plastiki hizo pia huficha viungo vya kupumua vya viumbe hao, na hivyo kuwalazimisha kufa kwa sababu ya kukosa pumzi. Athari nyingine ya plastiki katika bahari kuu ni ile ya kuongezeka kwa uhai. Viumbe wa majini huchafuliwa na plastiki wanapotumia pellets za plastiki. Mimea hiyo inapotumiwa kama chakula na wale walio juu zaidi katika mlolongo wa chakula, hiyo pia huchafuliwa. Kwa njia hii, sumu ya plastiki inabaki na sumu yake katika mlolongo wa chakula inaongezeka. Je, uchafuzi wa maji ni tatizo la ulimwengu wote? Kwa kweli, uchafuzi wa maji ni tatizo la ulimwengu wote. Ninawezaje kujua kama maji yamechafuliwa au la? Aina nyingi za uchafuzi wa maji zaweza kugunduliwa kupitia ladha, rangi, na harufu. Hata hivyo, kwa maelezo sahihi zaidi juu ya hali ya maji, uchambuzi zaidi wa maabara unapaswa kufanywa na matokeo yanalinganishwa na viwango vya udhibiti. Je, vyanzo vya maji vya asili huchafuliwa? Ndiyo, vyanzo vyote vya maji vinaweza kuchafuliwa. Maji ya mvua ni chanzo safi zaidi cha maji, lakini yanaposhuka kutoka kwa anga iliyochafuliwa, mvua huja pamoja na uchafuzi wa hewa uliomalizika. 15 Sababu za Kuchafua Maji - Utaratibu wa Matumizi ya Maji ya Maji ya Maji ya Viwanda _ PDF - Utaratibu wa Kurudisha Maji ya Maji ya Maji na Je, Tunapaswa Kuinywa? "Kutumia ""Mafuniko ya Maji"" - Maji ya Maji: Ni Wakati wa Kutumia Vipuli vya Kiikolojia - Teknolojia Bora 7 za Matibabu ya Maji ya Maji ya Maji - Uwezo wa Kupumua katika Mzunguko wa Maji - Sifa Tofauti za Mimea ya Maji - Sababu 9 za Mazingira za Kupata Karatasi - Jinsi ya Kukabiliana na Uharibifu wa Mazingira wa Daima kama Matokeo ya Uchafuzi wa Mafuta"