Biodiversity is defined as the variety within the living world, and describes the relationships between the species, within ecosystems and beyond. The relationships between the species are often very important to the construction of the habitat’s biodiversity. According to the predominant opinion in both economics and ecology, damage to a certain species in the habitat could negatively affect the harmony of the habitat and of the species that depend on it. As Berlow et al. (1999) state, ‘understanding how the strengths of species interactions are distributed among species is critical for developing predictive models of natural food webs as well as for developing management and conservation strategies’ (p. 2206). Financial resources for biodiversity conservation programs are not sufficient to protect all habitats and species. This situation requires choosing conservation priorities in order to support the most species at the least cost. Moran et al. (1996, 1997) note that no single correct method exists for establishing biodiversity conservation priorities at any level of organization. Nevertheless, the question of how to determine priorities for maintaining or increasing biodiversity under a limited budget constraint has concerned environmental economists since the seminal work by Weitzman (1998). He developed ‘a more-or-less consistent conceptual framework and a more-or-less usable measure on the value of diversity that can tell us how to trade off one form of diversity against the other’ (Weitzman, 1995, p. 21).
|Title of host publication
|Handbook on the Economics of Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity
|Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
|Number of pages
|Published - 1 Jan 2014
Bibliographical notePublisher Copyright:
© Paulo A.L.D. Nunes, Pushpam Kumar and Tom Dedeurwaerdere 2014.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Economics, Econometrics and Finance (all)
- General Business, Management and Accounting
- General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
- General Environmental Science
Biodiversity ni aina ya viumbe hai katika ulimwengu wa viumbe hai, na inaelezea mahusiano kati ya spishi, ndani ya mazingira na zaidi. Mahusiano kati ya spishi mara nyingi ni muhimu sana kwa ujenzi wa mazingira ya bioanuwai. Kulingana na maoni ya kawaida katika uchumi na ikolojia, uharibifu wa spishi fulani katika mazingira ya asili inaweza kuathiri vibaya maelewano ya mazingira na spishi zinazohusiana nayo. Kama Berlow et al. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya kwanza ya kitabu cha ""Manyama ya Wanyama"" (1999), ""kuelewa jinsi nguvu za mwingiliano wa spishi zinagawanywa kati ya spishi ni muhimu kwa kuendeleza mifano ya utabiri wa mitandao ya chakula ya asili na pia kwa kuendeleza mikakati ya usimamizi na uhifadhi.""" Rasilimali za kifedha kwa ajili ya programu za kuhifadhi urithi wa viumbe hai hazitoshi kulinda makao yote na spishi. Hali hii inahitaji kuchagua vipaumbele vya uhifadhi ili kuunga mkono spishi nyingi kwa gharama ya chini. Moran et al. "Mfano wa ""Uhifadhi wa Biodiversity"" ni kwamba hakuna mbinu moja sahihi ya kuanzisha vipaumbele vya uhifadhi wa biodiversity katika ngazi yoyote ya shirika." Hata hivyo, suala la jinsi ya kuamua vipaumbele kwa ajili ya kudumisha au kuongeza biodiversity chini ya vikwazo vya bajeti mdogo imekuwa wasiwasi wa uchumi wa mazingira tangu kazi ya seminal na Weizmann (1998). Yeye maendeleo <unk> zaidi au chini ya thabiti mfumo wa dhana na zaidi au chini ya matumizi kipimo juu ya thamani ya utofauti ambayo inaweza kutuambia jinsi ya biashara nje ya aina moja ya utofauti dhidi ya nyingine <unk> (Weitzman, 1995, p. 21). "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala ya kwanza ya kitabu hiki, ""Mafunzo ya Utamaduni wa Huduma za Mazingira na Biodiversity"" (Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., ""Number of Pages,"" ""Published - 1 Jan 2014,"" ""Bibliographical note,"" ""Publisher: Paulo A. L. D.""" Nunes, Pushpam Kumar na Tom Dedeurwaerdere 2014. ASJC Scopus masomo: Uchumi, Econometrics na Fedha (wote) - Biashara ya jumla, Usimamizi na Uhasibu - Sayansi ya jumla ya Kilimo na Biolojia - Sayansi ya jumla ya Mazingira