The WHO Global Action Plan on NCDs operationalizes the commitments made in the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases, recognizing the primary role and responsibility of governments in responding to the challenge of NCDs
Endorsed by the World Health Assembly in 2013 through resolution WHA66.10, the Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases 2013-2020 (Global Action Plan on NCDs) operationalized the commitments made in the Political Declaration of the High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases in September 2011.
The Global Action Plan on NCDs focuses on 4 types of noncommunicable diseases (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes) and 4 “behavioural risk factors” (tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and harmful use of alcohol). It sets up a global monitoring framework consisting of 25 indicators and 9 voluntary global targets. To facilitate the achievement of these targets, the Global Action Plan on NCDs provides “a road map and a menu of policy options for all Member States and other stakeholders, to take coordinated and coherent action, at all levels, local to global” (page 8).
The scope of the Global Action Plan on NCDs is very broad. Its 6 objectives encompass broad health promotion goals such as strengthening health systems and strengthening national capacity in governance and research. Objective 3 is the closest to the scope of FULL: “to reduce modifiable risk factors for noncommunicable diseases and underlying social determinants through creation of health-promoting environments.”
One of the most relevant aspects of the Global Action Plan on NCDs is that Appendix 3 provides a menu of cost-effective policy options to assist Member States in implementing actions to achieve the voluntary global targets. It is foreseen that the policy options “be adapted at the regional and national levels, taking into account region specific situations and in accordance with national legislation and priorities and specific national circumstances” (page 10). It is clarified that the “list is not exhaustive but is intended to provide information and guidance on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions based on current evidence” (page 65). Some measures are highlighted as particularly effective and affordable for all countries. Some of the policy options listed are:
- Implement the WHO Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health
- Implement recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children
- Reduce salt intake
- Replace trans fats with unsaturated fats
- Replace saturated fats with unsaturated fats
- Implement public awareness programmes on diet and physical activity
- Manage food taxes and subsidies to promote healthy diet
In 2019, the World Health Assembly decided to “extend the period of the action plans to 2030 in order to ensure their alignment with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (Resolution WHA72(11), attached as supporting material).
In 2020, the WHO conducted a mid-term evaluation of the Global Action Plan on NCDs (attached as supporting material).
Mpango wa Kimataifa wa Ulinzi wa Magonjwa yasiyo ya Kuambukiza (GAP) unaweka vitendo ahadi zilizotolewa katika Azimio la Siasa la Mkutano wa ngazi ya Juu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano Mkuu wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano wa Mkutano Mpango wa Kimataifa wa Ulinzi wa Magonjwa yasiyo ya Kuambukiza (GMA) unazingatia magonjwa manne yasiyo ya kuambukiza (magonjwa ya moyo, kansa, magonjwa ya mfumo wa kupumua, na kisukari) na sababu nne za hatari za tabia (kutumia tumbaku, lishe isiyo na afya, kutofanya mazoezi, na matumizi mabaya ya pombe). Mfumo wa Ufuatiliaji wa Kimataifa unajumuisha viashiria 25 na malengo tisa ya kujitolea. Ili kuwezesha kufikia malengo haya, Mpango wa Utendaji wa Ulimwenguni juu ya magonjwa yasiyo ya kuambukiza hutoa <unk> ramani ya barabara na orodha ya chaguzi za sera kwa nchi zote wanachama na wadau wengine, kuchukua hatua iliyoandaliwa na thabiti, katika ngazi zote, kutoka ndani hadi ulimwenguni<unk> (kurasa 8). Upeo wa Mpango wa Hatua ya Ulimwenguni juu ya magonjwa yasiyo ya kuambukiza ni mpana sana. Lengo lake la sita ni kuimarisha afya, kuimarisha mifumo ya afya na kuimarisha uwezo wa kitaifa katika usimamizi na utafiti. Lengo la 3 ni karibu zaidi na wigo wa FULL: kupunguza sababu za hatari za magonjwa yasiyoambukiza na sababu za msingi za kijamii kwa kuunda mazingira ya kukuza afya. - Moja ya mambo muhimu zaidi ya Mpango wa Utekelezaji wa Ulimwenguni juu ya magonjwa yasiyoambukiza ni kwamba nyongeza ya 3 hutoa orodha ya chaguzi za sera za gharama nafuu kusaidia nchi wanachama katika kutekeleza hatua za kufikia malengo ya kimataifa ya hiari. Inatarajiwa kwamba chaguzi za sera <unk>itabadilishwa katika ngazi za kikanda na kitaifa, kwa kuzingatia hali maalum za mkoa na kulingana na sheria za kitaifa na vipaumbele na hali maalum za kitaifa<unk> (kurasa 10). Ni wazi kwamba <unk> orodha si kamili lakini ni lengo la kutoa habari na mwongozo juu ya ufanisi na gharama-ufanisi wa hatua kulingana na ushahidi wa sasa <unk> (kurasa 65). Baadhi ya hatua ni highlighted kama hasa ufanisi na nafuu kwa nchi zote. "Miongoni mwa mapendekezo ya sera ni: ""Kutekeleza Mkakati wa Ulimwenguni wa WHO juu ya Chakula, Shughuli za Kimwili na Afya"" - ""Kutekeleza mapendekezo juu ya uuzaji wa vyakula na vinywaji visivyo na pombe kwa watoto"" - ""Kupunguza ulaji wa chumvi"" - ""Kubadilisha mafuta ya trans na mafuta yasiyo na saturated"" - ""Kutekeleza programu za ufahamu wa umma juu ya lishe na shughuli za kimwili"" - ""Kusanya kodi za chakula na ruzuku ili kukuza lishe ya afya.""" WHO imefanya tathmini ya kati ya mpango wa hatua za kimataifa juu ya magonjwa yasiyo ya kuambukiza (NCDs) mnamo 2020 na imeweka orodha ya magonjwa ya kuambukiza ulimwenguni.