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in the old stock and out of the richness and grandeur of the old South thru the travail of the changing years the New South is born. She stands with open arms and gives the warmest welcome and offers the richest opportunities to strangers from all lands and especially to the sons of the North. who wish to come to find a home. And they are coming by the hundreds and thousands, buying farms, building factories, directing and developing industries, and furnishing a supply of superior labor. Let them come in increased numbers for their good and for ours! We fear no strangers for, as Thomas Nelson Page says of the South, "There is something in the air which charms all who come within her borders." "Let men but breathe the air of the South and they are Southerners forever." When men become Southerners they are no less Americans and especially so now, for the New South is filled with the spirit of nationalism—not a new spirit but a revival of the spirit of the Old South, of Washington and Madison, of Marshall, of Jefferson and Jackson. The spirit of sectionalism has passed. A significant thing occurred in New Orleans and in other cities of the South ten days ago. Lincoln's birthday was celebrated by the closing of the banks. and the cessation of business by the commercial exchanges. The spirit of nationalism shines with undimmed splendor in the galaxy of southern ideals.
The political rather than the commercial and industrial aspects of society have been emphasized in the Southland. The average Southerner is likely to be considerably interested in politics, and politics play a large part in community life. The southern youth is taught that it is his duty to take an active part in politics and he is instructed in the party principles from boyhood. Rhetoric and oratory are natural concomitants of this emphasis on politics, and the ability to make a rousing speech dealing in generalities is of more importance than an ability to present the detailed facts or make a scientific research and exposition.
In no field has the South achieved more than in the realms of its educational ideals. The story of the rise of our present-day ideals needs not to be rehearsed by me, for the ideals are best seen in what has been done and is being done. Educational ideals are being made real at a greater rate in the South than elsewhere. The marvelous achievement of the schools of the South, when all the facts are kept in mind, is a theme every southern man delights to discuss. The facts of educational achievement and progress have been ably presented to you today by the state superintendent of this state. It is therefore not necessary for me to dwell on our educational ideals. I need but reiterate that a system of free public schools open to all, of whatever race, and giving to each the amount and kind of education best suited to his nature and needs, is the ideal of the people of the South. The people of the Southland believe that this life is worth living and that one should take time for enjoyment; time for social intercourse, for feast days and festivals; that one should be happy and whole-hearted and
not permit the pressure and grind of wealth-getting to crush all the brightness and sweetness out of life. With this ideal goes emphasis on excellence of manners and a warmth of hospitality unsurpassed. The Southerner knows how to select a good dinner and he has sense enough to take time to enjoy it. He is a master of the art of conversation; he loves music and art and all other means of wholesome enjoyment. If he lacks somewhat in persistence, in application to business, he possesses the grace of living and the ability to enjoy the good things of earth.
This meeting, I am told, is to be one of hope, of optimism, for the recounting of the good that has been done rather than for the parading of faults and failures. This being true, it is not becoming that I should mention our mistakes and shortcomings. The people of the Southland make no claim to perfection, for failures and shortcomings are many, but we know you will draw over them the mantle of charity and hold to us the hand of a brother to aid us to overcome them.
While the war between the states was a physical defeat for the South, in many respects it was a spiritual victory. It saved to the nation the principle of local self-government and the indestructibility of the states. The South has developed the individual as a bulwark against the centralizing tendencies of the North and so contributed one of the two essential elements in social progress. It has held fast the graces and virtues of the individual and produced the man of worth as complementary to the captain of industry. In many ways the South has perpetuated and developed the ideals needed by our country in its proud course at the head of the nations of the earth in establishing a world peace and brotherhood of man in a true democracy.
Thru the ages past till now the star of empire has taken her course westward. The circuit of the earth is now complete and around the shore of the Pacific the civilization of the Western world has met that of the Orient. In the meantime man had conquered the equator and marked out a new course for the progress of that star. The opening of the Canal will put the South on the highroad of the world whether east and west or north and south. The mighty Father of Waters courses his way southward and calls the commerce of the world to ride on his bosom. Millions of fair acres of inexhaustible richness lie waiting a tenant. Hospitable doors stand wide to welcome strangers. The tide of immigration has already set in, and the industrial development of the South is at hand. Southward the star of empire takes her course, and, with wealth created adequate to meet the needs for the development of her ideals, the Southland will come into the heritage that a prodigal nature has left her in store.
C. THE GLORY OF ITS CHILDREN
LAWTON B. EVANS, SUPERINTENDENT OF SCHOOLS, AUGUSTA, GA.
So long have speakers been accustomed to apologize for conditions in the South, to explain why they are not better, to deplore the lack of educational interest among the people, that one has naturally come to expect, upon any occasion when the educational interests of the various parts of our country are under consideration, to see a self-satisfied smile of glorious achievement from the East, to hear a roar of exulting greatness from the West, and a meek apology from the South.
But now the South needs no longer to apologize. The record of its growth and achievement in every particular of commercial, agricultural, industrial, and educational enterprise is at once a source of pride to its citizens and of gratification to its friends. The difference between ten-cent cotton and thirteen- to fifteen-cent cotton has meant a difference of one hundred and seventy-five millions of dollars in favor of the southern farmer. The increase of the number of cotton mills in the south, the increase in the output of coal and pig iron, the growth of the fruit and vegetable industry, all have so greatly increased in the last few years, that the wealth of the South is now to be taken into account.
A capitalist of a western city recently said in my hearing at a dinner that time was when the South clamored to borrow money at any rate, but now the southern farmer and manufacturer not only did not need to borrow money, but actually had money to lend.
The improvement in agricultural conditions in the South is one of the most hopeful signs of its prosperity. With the coming of the rural mail delivery, the extension of the long-distance telephone system, the improvement of country roads, and the possibility of the motor-driven wagon, the southern farmer finds himself in daily contact with market reports, in instant communication with commercial centers, and with easy means of delivering his products. In the state of Georgia as many as five thousand miles of improved rural roads have been built in the past few years, reducing the cost of hauling from twenty-three cents per ton per mile to nine cents. What is true of Georgia is true the South over.
We still invite our friends to come and spend their millions in the South. The water power going to waste sings its song to the cotton field along its banks and prophesies of still another mill before the season is over; the breeze shakes the pine forests and they murmur of ship timber and naval stores; the birds call from truck farm to peach orchard; and the coal turns over in its bed and says to the iron sleeping by its side, Let us be up, for the long, dreary night is over and it is now the broad daylight of prosperity in the South.
And for all this possibility of a greater South, we are now rearing a generation of children whose eyes are no longer set back to the past glories of their
fathers, but whose minds take hold of the present, and whose eyes behold the future, and whose hands are trained to skilled labor.
The latest available statistics furnish some interesting facts about the distribution of children. Where the population is the densest the percentage of school children is the smallest. In the North Atlantic states, where the population is 130 to the square mile, the school population is 24.4 per cent. In the Southern states generally, where the population is about 30 to the square mile, the school population is 32.8 per cent. In the North generally one-fourth of the population is of school age. In the South generally nearly one-third of the population is of school age. Rhode Island, having 407 persons to the square mile, has 23.5 per cent of them of school age, less than one-fourth. South Carolina, having 44 persons to the square mile, has 34.6 per cent of them of school age, over one-third.
I believe it can be safely assumed that, family for family, there are more children around the hearthstone of a southern home, especially if that home is a cabin, than there are in a nursery of a northern home, especially if it is a brownstone front. Henry Grady said somewhere that the farmer's home was as full of children as the nests were of birds, and if I should be asked to say what is the glory of the children about which I am supposed to speak, I should answer that the greatest glory is that there are so many of them.
Eliminating the city child, whose problem is practically solved everywhere, we address ourselves to the rural child of the South. They constitute about 85 per cent of all the children and are concerned with the main industry of the South. They are the farmers' children. We live on what they raise in the fields, and as they prosper or decline, we improve or fail. Consequently, the thought of the South is turning strongly toward agricultural education in the country schools. We are now inducing the farmers' boys to stay on the farm and be good farmers instead of going to town to be poor lawyers and worse politicians. Therefore we note the great increase of agricultural colleges in the South. In Georgia one has been built in each Congressional district; Alabama has made noted progress in the same direction. The state colleges of agriculture are campaigning by pamphlets, field agents, reports, by demonstration work, exhibition trains, and farmers' institutes, until the country boy now begins to feel that he also must go to college, and that there is a college for him also.
In the schools of my county, I am now sending to the state college of agriculture to get principals for the consolidated rural schools, instead of as heretofore to the state university, and I find that they are no longer insisting on Latin, Greek, and the history of the Egyptians, but turn their pupils to cotton, corn, and the history of the Texas boll weevil. If the agricultural college will hereafter provide principals for rural schools, it will go a long way toward solving the agricultural education of the rural child.
The organization of boys' corn clubs has been a great stimulant. Some
of the results have been remarkable. In Mississippi one thousand boys were organized into clubs and each planted his acre on his father's farm. The government furnishes the seed, the farmer furnishes the land and the tools and the boy, the merchants furnish the prizes, and Nature does the rest. One boy raised 120 bushels of corn on his acre, where the average yield had been 14 bushels. Another boy in South Carolina broke the world's record for boys by raising 228 bushels on his acre, which was more than many farmers around him did on ten acres. To say that there are fifty thousand boys in the South today interested in increasing the corn yield per acre and setting a new standard of cultivation is not to exceed the facts. It is an exceeding glory to the southern boy that he holds the record for corn, good old corn:
Heap high the farmer's wintry hoard!
Heap high the golden corn!
No richer gift has Autumn poured
From out her lavish horn!
In the rural districts the schools are being consolidated, and pupils are being hauled in wagons to the central schools of high grade. We have come to the just conclusion that a one-room schoolhouse is a failure, but that a three- or four-room house, graded, with a library, agricultural laboratory, experimental garden, kitchen, and sewing-room, with an up-to-date principal who knows his business and loves the country, is a success.
And so there is a readjusting of ideals of the pupils and practice of the teaching forces. We no longer are educating statesmen and candidates for president, but are educating farmers and their wives.
Now let me approach the subject about which there is much yet to be done, and that is the child of the mill. It seems that every section has some such problem. The sweat shops of the East Side and Hester Street, the district messenger-service, the cash-boy service, the child in the mines of Pennsylvania, the child in the southern mill, all cry out to us for help. It seems that we cannot hide the innocents where the hungry hounds of modern commerce will not trail them. It seems that we cannot place them where the bloody fangs of the dividend-maker will not fasten upon their hearts and fatten upon their lives. The nation over, the children cry for protection against their parents, and their would-be employers. Therefore the extension of child-labor laws prohibiting the employment of any child who is under twelve years of age is to be greatly urged. Such laws do now exist in many of the southern states, but since it is of no public interest whether they are enforced or not, and since it is of interest for parent and employer to disregard such laws, I greatly fear the benefit is more imaginary than real.
The cure is to be found in compulsory education, which not only saves a child from the curse of an employer, but also from the slavery of his own parents. It makes but little difference to a child whether he slaves for another, or for his own father. It makes a vast difference to him whether
<unk> EelmineJätka <unk> katika hisa ya zamani na nje ya utajiri na ukuu wa Kusini ya zamani kupitia uchungu wa miaka ya kubadilisha Kusini Mpya huzaliwa. Yeye anasimama kwa mikono iliyofunguliwa na kutoa mapokezi ya joto na kutoa fursa tajiri kwa wageni kutoka nchi zote na hasa kwa wana wa Kaskazini. ambao wanataka kuja kupata nyumba. Na wanakuja kwa mamia na maelfu, wakinunua mashamba, wakijenga viwanda, wakiongoza na kuendeleza viwanda, na kutoa ugavi wa kazi bora. Wacha waje kwa idadi iliyoongezeka kwa manufaa yao na yetu! "Hatuogopi wageni, kwa sababu kama Thomas Nelson Page alivyosema, ""Kuna kitu katika hewa ambayo huvutia wote wanaokuja ndani ya mipaka yake.""" "Wanaume wavute tu hewa ya Kusini na watakuwa Wasukani milele". """Watu wanapowafanya watu wa Kusini, wao si wachache wa Marekani, na hasa sasa, kwa sababu Kusini Mpya imejaa roho ya utaifa, sio roho mpya, lakini uamsho wa roho ya Kusini ya zamani, ya Washington na Madison, ya Marshall, ya Jefferson na Jackson." Roho ya ubaguzi wa rangi imepita. Jambo muhimu lilitokea New Orleans na katika majiji mengine ya Kusini siku kumi zilizopita. Siku ya kuzaliwa ya Lincoln ilisherehekewa kwa kufungwa kwa benki. na kukomesha biashara na kubadilishana kibiashara. Roho ya utaifa huangaza kwa urembo usiofifia katika galaksi ya itikadi za kusini. Sehemu za kisiasa badala ya kibiashara na viwanda za jamii zimekazia katika Southland. Kwa kawaida, watu wa Kusini huvutiwa sana na siasa, na siasa hutimiza fungu kubwa katika maisha ya jumuiya. Vijana wa Kusini hufundishwa kuwa ni wajibu wao kushiriki kikamilifu katika siasa na hufundishwa kanuni za chama tangu utotoni. Uwezo wa kusema na kusema ni sehemu ya asili ya msisitizo huu wa siasa, na uwezo wa kutoa hotuba yenye kuvutia inayohusu mambo ya jumla ni muhimu zaidi kuliko uwezo wa kuwasilisha ukweli wa kina au kufanya utafiti wa kisayansi na maonyesho. Katika uwanja wowote Kusini haijafanikiwa zaidi kuliko katika nyanja za maadili yake ya elimu. """Hadithi ya kuongezeka kwa maadili yetu ya leo haihitaji kurejeshwa na mimi, kwa sababu maadili yanaonekana vizuri katika kile kilichotengenezwa na kinachotengenezwa." Maadili ya kielimu yanafanywa kuwa halisi kwa kiwango kikubwa zaidi katika Kusini kuliko mahali pengine popote. """Ufanisi wa ajabu wa shule za Kusini, wakati ukweli wote unakumbukwa, ni mada ambayo kila mtu wa Kusini anapenda kujadili." """Ukweli wa mafanikio ya elimu na maendeleo umewasilishwa kwa ustadi leo na Mkurugenzi Mkuu wa Jimbo hili." Kwa hiyo si lazima kwangu kukaa juu ya mawazo yetu ya elimu. """Ninahitaji tu kurudia kwamba mfumo wa shule za umma za bure wazi kwa wote, wa jamii yoyote, na kumpa kila mtu kiasi na aina ya elimu inayofaa zaidi kwa asili yake na mahitaji yake, ni bora ya watu wa Kusini." Watu wa Kusini wanaamini kwamba maisha haya yanastahili kuishi na kwamba mtu anapaswa kuchukua wakati wa kufurahia; wakati wa mahusiano ya kijamii, kwa siku za sherehe na sherehe; kwamba mtu anapaswa kuwa na furaha na moyo wote na asiruhusu shinikizo na uchungu wa kupata utajiri kuharibu mwangaza wote na utamu kutoka kwa maisha. Pamoja na ndoto hiyo kuna mkazo wa adabu bora na ukaribishaji-wageni wenye uchangamfu usioweza kulinganishwa. Mmarekani wa Kusini anajua jinsi ya kuchagua chakula cha jioni kizuri na ana busara ya kutosha kuchukua muda wa kuifurahia. Yeye ni mtaalamu wa sanaa ya mazungumzo; anapenda muziki na sanaa na njia nyingine zote za kufurahia afya. Ikiwa anashindwa kwa kiasi fulani katika uvumilivu, katika matumizi ya biashara, anamiliki neema ya kuishi na uwezo wa kufurahia vitu vyema vya dunia. Mkutano huu, nimeambiwa, ni kuwa moja ya matumaini, ya matumaini, kwa ajili ya kusimulia mema ambayo yamefanywa badala ya parading ya makosa na kushindwa. Hii ikiwa ni kweli, haifai kwamba ni lazima nitajue makosa na mapungufu yetu. Watu wa Southland hawana madai ya ukamilifu, kwa sababu kushindwa na mapungufu ni mengi, lakini tunajua wewe kuunganisha juu yao kanzu ya upendo na kushikilia sisi mkono wa ndugu kutusaidia kushinda yao. Ingawa vita kati ya majimbo hayo vilikuwa kushindwa kimwili kwa Kusini, kwa njia nyingi vilikuwa ushindi wa kiroho. Iliokoa taifa kanuni ya kujitawala kwa mitaa na kutoweza kuharibiwa kwa majimbo. Kusini imemfanya mtu binafsi kuwa ngome dhidi ya mwelekeo wa kushirikisha wa Kaskazini na hivyo imechangia moja ya mambo mawili muhimu katika maendeleo ya kijamii. Imehifadhi sana neema na sifa za mtu binafsi na kumzalisha mtu mwenye thamani kama msaidizi wa nahodha wa viwanda. Kwa njia nyingi Kusini imeendeleza na kuendeleza maadili yanayohitajika na nchi yetu katika mwendo wake wa fahari katika kuongoza mataifa ya dunia katika kuanzisha amani ya dunia na udugu wa binadamu katika demokrasia ya kweli. Katika enzi zilizopita hadi sasa nyota ya milki imechukua mwendo wake kuelekea magharibi. Mzunguko wa dunia sasa umekamilika, na karibu na pwani ya Pasifiki ustaarabu wa ulimwengu wa Magharibi umekutana na ule wa Mashariki. Wakati huohuo mwanadamu alikuwa ameshinda ikweta na kuweka mwelekeo mpya kwa ajili ya maendeleo ya nyota hiyo. Kufunguliwa kwa mfereji huo kutaweka Kusini kwenye barabara kuu ya ulimwengu iwe mashariki na magharibi au kaskazini na kusini. Baba wa Maji mwenye nguvu anaelekea kusini na anaita biashara ya ulimwengu kuendesha kifuani mwake. Mamilioni ya ekari za utajiri usio na kikomo ziko tayari kumngojea mpangaji. Milango ya ukaribishaji-wageni imefunguliwa kwa ajili ya wageni. Mtiririko wa uhamiaji tayari umeanza, na maendeleo ya viwanda ya Kusini yanakaribia. Upande wa kusini nyota ya milki itachukua mwendo wake, na, kwa utajiri ulioundwa wa kutosha kukidhi mahitaji ya maendeleo ya maadili yake, Southland itaingia katika urithi ambao asili ya uharibifu imemwachia. C. Utukufu wa Watoto Wake Lawton B. Evans, Msimamizi wa Shule, Augusta, GA. Kwa muda mrefu wasemaji wamekuwa na tabia ya kuomba msamaha kwa hali ya Kusini, kueleza kwa nini si bora, kuomboleza ukosefu wa maslahi ya elimu miongoni mwa watu, kwamba mtu amekuja kwa kawaida kutarajia, wakati wowote maslahi ya elimu ya sehemu mbalimbali za nchi yetu ni chini ya kuzingatia, kuona tabasamu ya kujiridhisha ya mafanikio ya utukufu kutoka Mashariki, kusikia kelele ya furaha kutoka Magharibi, na kuomba msamaha kutoka Kusini. Lakini sasa Kusini haihitaji kuomba msamaha tena. Rekodi ya ukuaji wake na mafanikio yake katika kila sehemu ya biashara, kilimo, viwanda, na biashara ya elimu ni wakati huo huo chanzo cha kiburi kwa wananchi wake na kuridhika kwa marafiki wake. Tofauti kati ya pamba ya senti kumi na pamba ya senti kumi na tatu hadi kumi na tano ilimaanisha tofauti ya dola milioni mia moja na sabini na tano kwa niaba ya mkulima wa kusini. Ongezeko la idadi ya viwanda vya pamba kusini, ongezeko la uzalishaji wa makaa ya mawe na chuma, ukuaji wa viwanda vya matunda na mboga, yote yameongezeka sana katika miaka michache iliyopita, kwamba utajiri wa Kusini sasa ni lazima kuzingatiwa. "Mwanaharakati mmoja wa mji wa magharibi alisema hivi karibuni katika kusikiliza kwangu kwenye chakula cha jioni kwamba wakati huo Kusini ilidai kukopa pesa kwa kiwango chochote, lakini sasa mkulima na mtengenezaji wa Kusini sio tu hakuwa na haja ya kukopa pesa, lakini kwa kweli alikuwa na pesa za kukopa. """ Uboreshaji wa hali ya kilimo kusini ni moja ya ishara zenye matumaini zaidi za ufanisi wake. Kwa kuanzishwa kwa huduma ya posta ya vijijini, kupanuliwa kwa mfumo wa simu za umbali mrefu, kuboresha barabara za mashambani, na uwezekano wa kutumia magari ya kukokotwa na magari, mkulima wa kusini anajikuta akishirikiana kila siku na ripoti za soko, katika mawasiliano ya papo hapo na vituo vya biashara, na kwa njia rahisi ya kupeleka bidhaa zake. Katika jimbo la Georgia, zaidi ya kilomita elfu tano za barabara za vijijini zimeboreshwa katika miaka michache iliyopita, na kupunguza gharama ya usafirishaji kutoka senti ishirini na tatu kwa tani kwa kilomita hadi senti tisa. Kile kilicho kweli kuhusu Georgia ni kweli kuhusu Kusini. Bado tunawaalika marafiki wetu waje na kutumia mamilioni yao Kusini. "Nchi ya maji, ambayo inakwenda kupoteza nguvu, inaimba wimbo wake kwa shamba la pamba kando ya kingo zake na unabii wa kinu kingine kabla ya msimu kumalizika; upepo unatikisa misitu ya misonobari na wao huzunguka juu ya mbao za meli na maduka ya meli; ndege huita kutoka shamba la lori hadi shamba la peach; na makaa ya mawe yanazunguka kitandani mwake na kusema kwa chuma kinacholala kando yake, ""Hebu tuamke, kwa usiku mrefu, wa kusikitisha umekwisha.""" """Kwa uwezekano huu wote wa kusini kubwa, sasa tunalea kizazi cha watoto ambao macho yao hayako tena nyuma ya utukufu wa zamani wa baba zao, lakini ambao akili zao zinashikilia sasa, na ambao macho yao yanaona siku zijazo, na ambao mikono yao imezoezwa kwa kazi ya ustadi." Takwimu za karibuni zaidi zinazopatikana hutoa mambo fulani yenye kupendeza kuhusu kugawanyika kwa watoto. Mahali ambapo idadi ya watu ni kubwa zaidi asilimia ya watoto wa shule ni ndogo zaidi. Katika majimbo ya Atlantiki Kaskazini, ambapo idadi ya watu ni 130 kwa maili ya mraba, idadi ya watu wa shule ni 24.4%. Katika majimbo ya kusini, ambapo idadi ya watu ni karibu 30 kwa maili ya mraba, idadi ya wanafunzi ni 32.8%. Katika Kaskazini kwa ujumla robo ya idadi ya watu ni wa umri wa shule. Kwa ujumla katika Kusini karibu theluthi moja ya idadi ya watu ni wa umri wa kwenda shule. Rhode Island ina idadi ya watu 407 kwa kila maili ya mraba, na asilimia 23.5 ya watu hao ni wa umri wa kwenda shule, chini ya robo. Kwa mfano, katika jimbo la South Carolina, ambapo watu wanakabiliwa na uharibifu mkubwa wa mazingira, asilimia 34.6 ya watu wanaenda shule. "Nadhani tunaweza kudhani kwa usalama kwamba, familia kwa familia, kuna watoto wengi karibu na moto wa nyumba ya kusini, hasa kama nyumba hiyo ni cabin, kuliko kuna katika nursery ya nyumba ya kaskazini, hasa kama ni ""brownstone"" mbele." "Henry Grady alisema, ""Nyumba ya mkulima ilikuwa imejaa watoto kama kiota cha ndege, na kama ningeulizwa ni nini utukufu wa watoto ambao ninaweza kuzungumza juu yao, ningejibu kwamba utukufu mkubwa ni kuwa kuna wengi wao.""" "Kutokana na mtoto wa mji, ambaye tatizo lake limetatuliwa karibu kila mahali, tunajielekeza kwa mtoto wa vijijini wa Kusini.""" Wanawakilisha asilimia 85 ya watoto wote na wanafanya kazi katika sekta kuu ya kusini. Wao ni watoto wa wakulima. Tunaishi kwa kile wanachokua mashambani, na kadiri wanavyofanikiwa au kupungua, ndivyo tunavyozidi au kushindwa. Kwa hiyo, mawazo ya Kusini yanageuka sana kuelekea elimu ya kilimo katika shule za mashambani. """Sasa tunawachochea wavulana wa wakulima kubaki shambani na kuwa wakulima wazuri badala ya kwenda mjini kuwa wanasheria wa hali ya chini na wanasiasa wabaya zaidi." Kwa hiyo tunatambua ongezeko kubwa la vyuo vikuu vya kilimo katika Kusini. Huko Georgia moja imejengwa katika kila wilaya ya Bunge; Alabama imefanya maendeleo ya kutokeza katika mwelekeo huohuo. "Kule chuo cha kilimo cha serikali, wanashambulia kwa kutumia vijitabu, wawakilishi wa shamba, ripoti, kwa njia ya maonyesho, magari ya magari, na taasisi za wakulima, mpaka mvulana wa kijijini anaanza kuhisi kwamba yeye pia lazima aende chuo kikuu, na kwamba kuna chuo kikuu kwa ajili yake pia. """ """Kwa shule za kaunti yangu, sasa ninawatuma wanafunzi wa chuo cha kilimo cha jimbo kupata wakurugenzi wa shule za vijijini, badala ya kwenda chuo kikuu cha jimbo kama ilivyokuwa hapo awali, na nimegundua kwamba hawafanyi tena kazi ya Kilatini, Kigiriki, na historia ya Wamisri, lakini wanawaelekeza wanafunzi wao kwenye pamba, mahindi, na historia ya Texas boll weevil." """Kama chuo cha kilimo kitatoa wakuu wa shule za vijijini, itakuwa njia ndefu kuelekea kutatua elimu ya kilimo ya mtoto wa vijijini." Shirika la vilabu vya mahindi vya wavulana limekuwa kichocheo kikubwa. Baadhi ya matokeo yamekuwa yenye kutokeza. Katika Mississippi, wavulana elfu moja walipangwa katika vikundi na kila mmoja akapanda ekari yake kwenye shamba la baba yake. Serikali hutoa mbegu, mkulima hutoa ardhi, vifaa, na mvulana, wafanyabiashara hutoa zawadi, na asili hufanya mengine. Mvulana mmoja alipanda mahindi 120 kwenye ekari yake, ambapo wastani wa mavuno ulikuwa makapi 14. Mvulana mwingine kutoka South Carolina alivunja rekodi ya dunia kwa kuzalisha shamba lake kwa shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba la shamba. Kusema kwamba kuna wavulana elfu hamsini katika Kusini leo wanaopendezwa na kuongeza mavuno ya mahindi kwa ekari na kuweka kiwango kipya cha kilimo si kupita ukweli. Ni utukufu mkubwa sana kwa mvulana wa kusini kwamba anashikilia rekodi ya mahindi, mahindi mazuri ya zamani: Mkusanyiko wa juu wa hifadhi ya majira ya baridi kali ya mkulima! Weka mahindi ya dhahabu juu! Hakuna zawadi tajiri zaidi Autumn umemiminwa kutoka nje ya pembe yake lavish! Katika wilaya za vijijini, shule zinaunganishwa, na wanafunzi wanasafirishwa kwa magari kwenda shule kuu za darasa la juu. """Tumefikia mkataa sahihi kwamba shule ya chumba kimoja ni kushindwa, lakini nyumba ya vyumba vitatu au vinne, iliyo na maktaba, maabara ya kilimo, bustani ya majaribio, jikoni, na chumba cha kushona, na mkuu wa shule aliye na ujuzi wa kisasa ambaye anajua kazi yake na anapenda nchi, ni mafanikio." Na hivyo kuna marekebisho ya mawazo ya wanafunzi na mazoezi ya vikosi vya ualimu. """Hatunawaelimisha tena wanasiasa na wagombea urais, bali tunawaelimisha wakulima na wake zao." Sasa naingia kwenye suala ambalo bado kuna mengi ya kufanywa, na hilo ni mtoto wa kinu. Inaonekana kwamba kila sehemu ina tatizo kama hilo. "Wafanyabiashara wa East Side na Hester Street, huduma ya mjumbe wa wilaya, huduma ya mvulana wa pesa, mtoto katika migodi ya Pennsylvania, mtoto katika kinu cha kusini, wote wanatuomba msaada. """ Inaonekana kwamba hatuwezi kuwaficha wasio na hatia mahali ambapo mbwa wa biashara wa kisasa hawawezi kuwafuata. "Inaonekana kwamba hatuwezi kuwaweka mahali ambapo meno ya damu ya mtengenezaji wa gawio hayatazunguka mioyo yao na kuzidisha maisha yao. """ Nchi nzima, watoto hulia kwa ajili ya ulinzi dhidi ya wazazi wao, na waajiri wao wa baadaye. Kwa hiyo, kupanuliwa kwa sheria za kazi ya watoto zinazopiga marufuku kazi ya mtoto yeyote aliye chini ya umri wa miaka kumi na mbili ni lazima kuhimiziwa sana. Sheria kama hizo zipo sasa katika majimbo mengi ya kusini, lakini kwa kuwa haifai umma kuitekeleza au la, na kwa kuwa ni kwa maslahi ya wazazi na waajiri kupuuza sheria kama hizo, ninaogopa sana faida ni ya kuwaza kuliko halisi. "Uponyaji ni katika elimu ya lazima, ambayo sio tu huokoa mtoto kutoka kwa laana ya mwajiri, lakini pia kutoka kwa utumwa wa wazazi wake.""" Haijalishi mtoto ni mtumwa wa mtu mwingine au wa baba yake. Inafanya tofauti kubwa kwake kama