What’s holding back mental healthcare access? There is a lot of information on the general issues that bar people from seeking help to treat their mental illnesses. Sure, there are people that have managed to access successful treatment, but a good number of those battling mental illnesses aren’t getting the help they need. This gap between patients and treatment trickles down to multiple factors.
Ideally, knowing all the reasons that are keeping you from accessing treatment could change your life. If you would like to know some of the reasons why accessing mental healthcare is tough, this is the post for you. It includes five of these barriers.
The points included in this post are not only an inside view of the mental healthcare industry but also evidence-based insights into why accessing treatment options have been a problem. It will answer the many questions in your mind right now.
Table of Contents
1. Structural Barriers
Mental health issues are common all over America. While all states have been working on creating an environment favorable for mental health treatment, there still exists a large gap between access to healthcare treatment and the prevalence of the illnesses.
The Treatment Gap
The treatment gap is used to refer to the difference between the number of patients who need specific treatment and those who actually receive the care. Among the primary reasons for this large gap is the availability of unpredictable and insufficient data on the American population. This is exacerbated by the scarcity of resources for collecting this data.
According to the survey:
- America’s weighted mean for the treatment gap for mental illnesses stands at 71.2%
- The mean for the treatment gap stands at 57.6% for severe disorders
- The mean for the treatment gap stands at 65.7% for critical to moderate disorders
In the case of severe mental disorders, the treatment gap is as follows:
- 5% in North America
- 9% in Latin America
- 4% in Mesoamerica
- 8% in South America
For severe to moderate mental disorders, the treatment gap increases substantially:
- 2% in North America
- 7% in Latin America
- 7% in Mesoamerica
- 1% in South America
Tackling the treatment gap that exists among alcohol and substance abusers is the biggest challenge for first-world countries such as America. The treatment gap among American adults is also exceptionally high, further adding to the global mental health disorder burden.
Poor Mental Health Policies
Policies are supposed to aid in meeting the needs of the population. Historically, America has been more than adamant in creating mental health policies aimed at helping people with war-related chronic mental health problems. This includes a centralized system of procedures that have been around since 1960. Services might no longer be available to the seriously ill citizens because the centralized approach didn’t factor this target demographic.
The present situation concerning public health policies isn’t that different from the post-war one. Instead of targeting the population that needs them, today’s health policies are aimed at therapeutic services for outpatient settings. As such, this scenario results in inadequate resource allocation for the mental health sector.
Here are a few trends recorded in 2020, according to Mental Health America’s published article:
- There has been an increase in the prevalence of depression and anxiety from 8.66% to 13.01%
- More adults are attempting suicide than ever
- While most American have insurance, they lack treatment
- The youth and adults lack treatment requirements
- There is still a large proportion of the youth that goes unidentified despite struggling with mental health illnesses
Mental Health Professional Shortage
In general, America doesn’t have enough health professionals, but this inadequacy can be felt most in the mental healthcare sector. According to mental health resources, a good number of Americans, 89.3 million, live in federally designated areas of mental health shortage.
These statistics can be tied back to a variety of factors. Other than rural areas being highly deprived of diagnostic and treatment services, they typically lack access to mental health professionals. On the flip side, while urban areas have more health professionals, most have long waiting lists. Patients often have to wait for months before accessing these services.
This matter is further aggravated by government-sponsored and private insurance plans. Also, doctors often shy away from taking up mental healthcare careers.
The Organization of Mental Healthcare Services Is Fragmented
The fragmentation of mental health services makes accessing mental healthcare tougher for most people. Mental health services are referred to as ‘de facto’ in many areas. While people do report their problems, they often find themselves stuck in a maze of disorganization before they can get any help. This increases the urgency of having an efficient service system to facilitate direct contact with the community.
Some of the reasons for the disorganization of mental health services include:
- Desperate administrative resources
- Historical reforms
- Variation in eligibility criteria rules
- Misconducted funding streams
When combined, these factors have created widespread artificial boundaries between the patients and access to treatment. It is rare for popular communities to offer their past and present medical histories for assessment. When these communities actually present this data, processing the examinations usually takes months.
A severe lack of mental health services is also common among large minority communities, which is why people who dwell in rural areas are known to commit suicide at a rate that’s higher than their urban counterparts.
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Ignorance of the High-Risk Population’s Treatment
Whenever reform and guidelines are being designed, the high-risk population is often neglected. Mental healthcare isn’t advanced enough to ensure that all aspects that require consideration are addressed. However, the leaders in advancement also use outdated and general approaches when making decisions on mental healthcare.
Here is some of the high-risk population that is often ignored during mental healthcare reforms:
Mental health disorders and suicide are highly prevalent among the older generations, so providing this age group with treatment is necessary. For older people, ‘Medicare’ is their primary financer for health issues. The sad truth is that Medicare offers limited services and options for the mental healthcare sector. This inadequacy is linked to:
- Limits to hospitalization
- Limited coverage of office visits
- Little to no coverage of prescription drugs
Around 25% of this demographic claim that these Medicare restrictions bar them from seeking healthcare. Since the treatment offered to older people isn’t as receptive as that offered to other adults, most resist seeking treatment. Under Medicare, general outpatient medical services require a 20 percent copayment, while most outpatient mental health services require a 50 percent copayment. It also rigidly limits the lifetime hospitalizations to 190 days.
Suggested Citation: “9 Barriers to Effective Treatment and Intervention.” Institute of Medicine. 2002. Reducing Suicide: A National Imperative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. DOI: 10.17226/10398.
The under-diagnosis and under-treatment of the older generation also pose a greater risk to access to treatment. Since a good number of physicians’ view depression and mental illnesses as part of growing old arising from anatomical, physiological, and psychological changes, special treatment considerations do not seem necessary for this group. However, this mindset can negatively impact the importance of seeking mental healthcare.
The reasons behind poor mental healthcare access are the same for the adolescent population; low utilization, limited access to care, low help-seeking behavior, and diagnosis problems have all contributed to the limited access to mental health treatment.
Another significant factor is that the unemployed status of most adolescents makes affording treatment expenses an uphill task. This age group also doesn’t adhere to appointments and follow-ups as required.
2. Limited Awareness/Education About Mental Health
The lack of mental healthcare awareness can be quite consequential. Stories about mental health complications can be found everywhere, including in newspapers, media, and TV. The responsibility of spreading and understanding mental health awareness falls on the government, treatment providers, and family members. Why aren’t people that struggle with bipolar disorder or chronic depressive disorder or schizophrenia getting the treatment they deserve? For those who do, why are treatment rates quite high?
The best excuse for this situation would be ‘Anosognosia’ – an inadequacy in self-awareness. If the person suffering from a mental disorder isn’t well-educated about their condition, they will have a lot of questions about their wellbeing. ‘Broken brain’ is a term commonly used to refer to people struggling with mental illnesses who have to deal with the continuous change in their brain or its damage without sensing that they have a mental illness.
50% of patients who are suffering from mental illness often don’t accept the fact that they have a mental disorder. While their health providers, friends, or family might try to inform them of their condition, it can be tough for them to understand or be mindful of their mental wellbeing. Addressing anosognosia is challenging since it is also a symptom of mental illness. Those who aren’t at home with their mental illnesses might react differently, including through:
Other than being uncomfortable to deal with at first, mental disorders do get worse with age and time. Those struggling with these illnesses may face pressure in the form of work, financial burden, memory loss, a decline in cognitive skills, and stigma, which can breed anxiety while socializing.
Fear and Anger
The experience of being told that you have a mental disorder is typically painful and terrifying. People react towards fear in a completely unpredictable way. For those with psychiatric disorders, it can be tough to take things positively.
The language used to address the different disorders could also be an issue to the point where people suffering from mental illnesses become susceptible to specific words. For instance, calling such people’ mentally disturbed’ can be humiliating and cause anger reactions.
Why Mental Health Awareness Matters
Mental health awareness and the awareness of existing healthcare choices are necessary for early diagnosis and for spotting red flags within a specific demographic. This awareness also speeds up recovery from mental disorders.
Knowledge of all things mental health-related could help those in need figure out how to access healthcare resources. In fact, half of Americans might not access healthcare resources due to not knowing how to go about it.
They may not be aware of the resources that exist for their specific disorder; non-profit organizations, insurance policies, government-sponsored low-budget insurance coverage, and funding all offer great opportunities for improved mental health for the population. However, the lack of education, cultural and language barriers, superstitions, and conservative mindsets hold back people from leveraging healthcare options and treatments.
Awareness offers both hope and a large recovery window. Attention to the possibilities of mental illnesses creates the perfect environment for decreasing comorbidities and improving how people approach life.
In the United States of America, a variety of organizations is working overtime to improve mental health awareness in their communities. These initiatives are targeted at improving the mental health of the population as well as increasing awareness of available treatment options. Some of these initiatives include:
- Helpful Educational Resource for Mental Disorders and Healthcare In The U.S
- CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention)
The CDC offers a rich source of data concerning mental health disorders. It has databases that are broadly based on public data and statistics. In recent years, the organization has been a huge advocate for mental health awareness. It has been promoting this cause by describing mental health to the public and outlining the benefits of mental health awareness as well as the available treatment options.
MedlinePlus is the service behind the most extensive medical library in the world, the ‘National Library of Medicine.’ The organization’s main goal is to offer high-quality information concerning health and wellness. By using English and Spanish, it achieves its goals of spreading healthcare awareness through all possible mediums. As an online resource, MedlinePlus is among the most trusted sources of information for individuals and their friends and family.
The U.S government uses this website as a one-step access door for a wide variety of mental health resources. Visitors can learn all things related to mental health by visiting the site. It targets a number of areas, including:
- The general public
- School systems
- Health and emergency preparedness professionals
- Local communities
- Government and business leaders
National Center For PTSD
This organization’s target demographic is American veterans, both men, and women. It claims to offer all employees of the VA respect, excellence, and a baseline of standards.
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National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)
NIMH has been one of the greatest champions of establishing evidence-based research on mental illnesses. As a leading federal agency in the mental health field, it falls under the 27 institutes of the National Institute of Health, which has been acclaimed as the world’s largest biomedical research agency.
In the coming five years, NIMH has created a strategic plan on how it wants to push mental health awareness forward. The plan includes (2020 updated):
- Highlighting efforts aimed at improving therapeutic and preventive mental health interventions
- Monitoring the trajectory of mental illnesses to establish the perfect way to intervene
- Advancing the basic science of the brain, behavior, and genomics to understand mental illnesses better
- Ensuring that people suffering from mental disorders can benefit from improved services and outcomes, and better knowledge to practice
3. Racial Barriers and Social Stigma (Social Barriers)
The disorder isn’t the only complication that people struggling with mental illness have to deal with. While the disorder itself can be daunting to deal with, the whole experience is worsened by social stereotypes and prejudice.
Victims of mental illnesses are often robbed of both a healthy, happy life and access to mental healthcare facilities. They end up being deprived of adequate healthcare, good jobs, and access to freely available resources.
Why Mental Health Stigma Is Prevalent?
Stigma arises whenever the society or those closest to the victim term them as less desirable. It can be manifested in a variety of ways, including negative attitudes, ignorance, or discrimination. The victim is often referred to as ‘other.’
This stigma could easily be fueled by society’s negative attitudes and lack of awareness. In other cases, people struggling with mental illnesses often become society’s soft targets of violence in a variety of ways. For instance, people who have schizophrenia are often regarded as violent and a danger to others.
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Five Common Societal Misconceptions About Mental Illness
1. Mental Disorders Are A Weakness
It is common for the mentally ill to receive a lot of backlash for their mental health status. Their condition often raises questions about their abilities, intelligence, and physical output. Such perceptions about them often lead victims towards a path of anxiety, depression, and hopelessness, which is often a big hurdle to their motivation to seek mental healthcare.
Also, seeking treatment for mental disorders is often regarded as a lack of mental strength. The truth is that mental strength isn’t affected by mental illnesses. In fact, many people dealing with mental health disorders are quite influential and are known to handle their condition incredibly well.
2. It Is Impossible to Overcome Mental Health Problems
Some contributing factors are non-modifiable, such as age, genetics, sex, and family history. However, it is quite possible for people struggling with mental illnesses to manage and recover from their conditions. A lot can be done to their daily living to lead them on the road of recovery. This includes:
- Eating a healthy diet
- Embracing psychotherapy
- Practicing good sleep hygiene
- Taking FDA-approved medication
- Engaging in regular physical activity and exercise
3. Violence Is Normal for People with Mental Disorders
The media has made a significant contribution to the negative portrayal of the mentally ill. Mental illnesses have been tied to ghost possessions, domestic violence, spooky mental asylums, serial killers, and more.
Hollywood movies, news, and documentaries have easily earned the mentally ill a ‘crazy’ label. In reality, people struggling with mental illnesses tend to be innocent and polite and are often not the perpetrators of violence, but victims of it.
The ensuing backlash, false portrayal by the media, constant label, and linkage of mental illness to criminality have all contributed to creating an unsuitable environment for those with mental illnesses to recover or open up about their struggles.
4. Seeking Mental Healthcare Is Considered as a Sign of Failure and a Source of Embarrassment
Around 50% of Americans are embarrassed and hesitant to seek help, regardless of their mental condition. This can be linked to the myths, baseless opinions, and stereotypes that are constantly exchanged within society. Mental health disorders are far from being a choice. Seeking mental healthcare should be seen in the same light as getting help for other health conditions. It should be viewed as a choice to prioritize your health enough to seek treatment and enjoy a better life. Owning up to your mental disorder and seeking help is, in fact, a sign of strength, which shows you have the spiritual power and will to design a happier life for yourself.
5. Mental Health Practitioners Aren’t Doctors
Studies in the field of psychiatry and psychology are of great importance. These health professionals play a key role in diagnosing mental disorders, treating them, and coming up with advanced ways of managing mental illnesses. Psychologists cannot be called doctors until they earn their PhD. in their fields and get authorized licensure. Attending medical schools isn’t a requirement for them. On the other hand, psychiatrists have to attend medical school to completion and take licensing exams before reaching their degree. In both cases, these professionals are referred to as doctors after fulfilling the required criteria.
While there is a significant difference in salary and education, this difference neither takes away their title nor questions their expertise. The fact is that both professions have a significant role to play in decreasing mental health stigma and improving healthcare accessibility with an excellent prognosis.
Stigma Can Be Divided into Two:
- Public stigma
Stereotype: The mentally ill are negatively perceived by society. (violent, different, weak, dangerous)
Prejudice: Rigidity towards these negative beliefs.
Discrimination: Often, this leads to the avoidance and withholding of common living opportunities.
On average, the American and European population has a very negative perception of people with mental health disorders. Even professionals in the mental health sector do practice some form of stigmatization.
Some of the general thoughts about mental health within the public domain are:
- People struggling with mental illness should be isolated from society
- The mentally ill are immature
- Others should make the life decision of the mentally ill since they are incapable of making these decisions themselves
Double standards and discrimination in thoughts and opinions around the mentally ill are quite common. Family members might shy away from socializing with the mentally ill. An above-average portion of society will also have negative thoughts concerning marriages with the mentally ill. This public stigma hurts the chances of the mentally ill to access good jobs, free treatment options, safe housing, social club memberships, public parks, etc.
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Stereotypes: Having a negative perception about oneself (feeling helpless, weak, and crazy, etc.)
Prejudice: Agreeing with and settling to the false beliefs of society
Discrimination: Failing to seek help and missing out on treatment opportunities
It is common for people living within a society that stigmatizes against them to endorse this backlash. With time, a mentally ill person might find themselves thinking that they inherently deserve less, and often lose hope for their future. Low self-esteem and dignity are significant contributors to the low rates of the mentally ill seeking resources and screening.
Moving onto this chapter’s last section
Unlike in the case of general health, there are petty differences among the public regarding accessing quality mental healthcare. The minorities in the United States, such as African Americans, access poor quality mental healthcare, whereas the situation is much better for accessing general healthcare.
Studies show that the prevalence of mental health issues among African Americans is less than or equal to that of the other American ethnic groups. However, the outcomes for blacks aren’t anywhere close to being as good as those of the whites.
4. Barriers in Primary Healthcare and Suicidal Detection
Globally, mental health problems are quite common. In fact, the morbidity and mortality rate has seen a steady increase recently due to inadequate primary care and screening for the mentally ill. Primary care plays a pivotal role in the detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of mental illnesses. Most people struggling with mental disorders complain about inadequacies in primary healthcare facilities and limited access to the available ones. According to a study conducted by De Hert and colleagues, the poor management of mental illnesses can be tied back to several barriers, which include:
Low Socioeconomic Background:
The unavailability of resources like aids, funding, family support, and insurance coverage hold back people from affording mental healthcare. One of the most significant problems for people with low socioeconomic backgrounds is that the mentally ill are often regarded as disabled and problematic. As such, these individuals have to primarily depend on their own financial abilities due to inequality, social stigma, and low self-confidence.
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Poor Mental Health Experience:
Some of the social experiences people have had with mental health make patients shy away from opening up to society and health experts. For instance, the media has been painting a terrorizing picture of common mental healthcare resources such as doctors and hospitals. Famous Hollywood movies have created the perception of the mentally ill being victimized through experimentation, torture, bloodshed, and violence. This negative image makes it tough for people with mental illnesses to believe that the real world is any different.
Service Provider Barriers:
Three factors drive the quality and capacity to address and treat mental health disorders:
Inadequate knowledge about the different mental health conditions among healthcare providers complicates access to mental healthcare. While there are diverse mental health disorders, a single disorder could affect two people in varying ways. Lacking the knowledge of the multiple aspects of the different disorders makes managing patients an uphill task. Education is necessary among doctors and nurses for them to deal with mental health emergencies with efficiency.
Scope of Practice
The scope of practice of a good number of healthcare providers excludes mental illnesses. While a physician will claim that they have a license to treat the body, they may emphasize that they don’t treat the brain. Such individuals believe that dealing with mental health issues is outside their scope.
Attitudes and Values:
A lot of people find dealing with new primary healthcare workers tough. Making a connection with them and opening up can be a challenge for most people. This especially holds true for people with a history of alcohol and drug abuse as they experience rejection from primary healthcare workers who might see them as “drug-seeking.”
Barriers to Suicide Detection and Management:
In the United States, suicide has grown into a significant concern. Mental health disorders and suicide attempts often go hand in hand.
What Are the Mental Health Disorders Associated with The Risk Of Suicide?
Some of the mental health disorders that result in suicide include:
- Major depression
- Substance abuse
- Emotional stress
- Bipolar disorder
- Personal disorders
- Post-traumatic stress disorder
Here are some of the problems that hold back suicide detection:
Most countries have embraced a grim suicide detection strategy. In most cases, this involves conducting primary health surveys on depression and assessing the probability of suicide occurring among the target audience.
While there are a variety of tools that can help screen suicide, their applicability is often questionable. Having conversations with the patient about their condition as well as their family and medical history is often the best alternative.
People who fit the following description often have a high risk of suicide:
- People facing fatigue
- Clients with chronic pain
- People struggling with financial burdens
- People going through sudden changes in their life
- People who are socially isolated
- People going through postpartum depression
- People who are sleep-deprived
- People with a history of substance abuse
- People struggling with more than one chronic disease
- People whose first-degrees biological relatives have a history of depression
- People living in impoverished home environments
- The geriatric population that lives alone
Often the sensitivity and availability of the screening tools aren’t always at 100%. Picking the ideal screening tools trickles down to a variety of factors, including personal preferences, availability, time consumption, and other factors.
The fact that screening tools are also known to lead to false-positive results is also a major drawback. This can lead to high medical care costs, which could complicate the lives of people who lack private insurance.
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5. Financial Barriers
The adverse effects of economic and psychological issues have had a significant role to play in the increasing burden of mental health disorders around the world. According to recent research, about 56% of the population with depression and 86% of people struggling with alcohol abuse go untreated due to the high cost of accessing treatment.
Globally, the inability to afford mental healthcare treatment is the main cause of treatment denial. Many of America’s insurance companies, especially Medicare, either allocate inadequate resources or completely fail to cover mental healthcare services. Reversing this is largely in the hands of authorities, caretakers, and the policymakers.
WHO has already confirmed the significant threat that lies with mental illnesses? Millions of Americans find accessing psychiatric healthcare challenging. Often, those who access the care often have to go through a maze of fragmentation and financial obstacles.
Some of the main reasons behind these financial issues include:
- Insurance companies’ high rate of denial of care
- Health insurance networks lacking mental health experts
- Mental healthcare facilities demanding high out-of-pocket costs
These issues will exist, whether the person seeking mental healthcare has private or public insurance coverage. Here is a list of the opportunities for healthcare treatment offered in the United States and the financial aspect that hold them back:
Ideally, having insurance coverage is meant to make accessing treatment easier. There is a scheme under the American health system that allows all deserving populations to access treatment under a specific insurance plan.
Many insurance sources under this scheme do cover mental health treatments. For instance, employers can provide insurance to their employees. As for young people (those below the age of 26), they can always rely on the coverage provided by their parent’s employer. On the other hand, college students can enjoy low-cost insurance provided by the school’s state.
The Financial Drawbacks of These Insurance Options
A good number of these plans might exclude mental health conditions from their coverage. Despite the government trying its best to be strict, many insurers could exclude previously diagnosed illnesses from their coverage. In other cases, the mentally ill might struggle to afford common insurance plans, with some working under employers who don’t offer insurance!
For people who can’t access insurance through family support, school, or work, there is always the option to access government-sponsored plans through:
- Affordable Care Act Marketplace
Medicare And Medicaid
The U.S government sponsors Medicaid and Medicare. These services are provided based on qualifications, disability status, income, and age. For you to gain access to the service, you will need to work with a social service agency to fill social security disability applications.
The Limitations of Medicare:
Limited Providence of Facilities
Other than the popular Medicare plans to have a variety of financial restrictions, the services that you can access under the insurance are limited to a specific budget. For a majority of these plans, you will need to pay higher fees if you can only access out-of-network healthcare providers. While other plans can give more choices, they often come with a high price tag that is difficult to afford.
State-Specific Limitations on Coverage
Although Medicare services can be accessed throughout America, the advantage plans will often be strictly restricted to specific areas or states. This will prove to be disadvantageous to the demographic that travels frequently; their health insurance might not work outside their residential area.
The Additional Cost of Healthcare Coverage
At face value, Medicare looks like a reasonable plan that comes with premium charges that are automatically deducted throughout the project’s many parts. However, it might have user-specific hidden charges. These charges could include specialist visit copays, add ups on the advantage plans, and drug deductibles.
Free Clinic and Health Services
While insurance will cater to most parts of healthcare, there exist a couple of cost-free options. These options are easy to obtain through Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC). However, you need to meet stringent requirements to gain access to these services.
Another popular option is to reach out to local non-profit organizations. While some therapists under these organizations can offer their services at no cost, such opportunities are often luck-dependent.
What Are the Possible Issues?
Cost-free options are often offered by healthcare candidates like part-time workers, observers, and trainees. These candidates might fail to match the quality services and treatment regimens offered by experts. People seeking treatment for their mental health disorders could easily experience a lack of professionalism and malpractice.
Funding for The Mentally Ill Working Population
Finding employment as a mental health patient is often a struggle. However, job seekers can always leverage the disability quota for a chance at landing minimum role jobs. The government also provides supported employment options and vocational rehabilitation services. The former offers people with mental illnesses an excellent opportunity to make enough money and afford their treatment.
In order to get supported employment, you might have to contact mental health agencies. Your employment could be restricted to specific sectors, such as teaching the mentally ill. Once you are employed, your employer will take the responsibility of eliminating any barriers to how you work. Often, this involves stringent supervision to ensure high levels of quality and create an ideal corruption-free environment.
The Difficulty of Maintaining Jobs With Mental Disorders
It is often difficult to find and maintain jobs with mental illness. While 60% of Americans suffering from mental illnesses are ready to work, it can be surprising to learn that their unemployment rate lies at 80%. Sure, seeking a job with a mental illness can be a great idea, but the underlying illness could complicate relating with others in the workplace.
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There is a diversity of barriers to healthcare to accessing ample care for mental health disorders, with most of the above-listed obstacles having several contributing factors. The ensuing stigma and lack of healthcare access could arise from both the society or the patient himself. The ultimate goal is to work on ways for breaking these stereotypes and barriers to eventually allow victims to enjoy a healthy and functional life like the rest of the population.
Now that you have learned enough about lack of access to mental health care aspects, you can do your part to change this narrative. Whether you or your loved one have a mental illness or not, you are always welcome to seek care at Mango Clinic. Feel free to leave a comment and visit this site anytime for more knowledge.
Ni nini kinachozuia upatikanaji wa huduma za afya ya akili? Kuna habari nyingi juu ya masuala ya jumla ambayo huzuia watu kutafuta msaada wa kutibu magonjwa yao ya akili. Bila shaka, kuna watu ambao wamefanikiwa kupata matibabu yenye mafanikio, lakini idadi kubwa ya wale wanaopambana na magonjwa ya akili hawapati msaada wanaohitaji. Pengo hili kati ya wagonjwa na matibabu linatokana na mambo mengi. Kwa kweli, kujua sababu zote zinazokuzuia kupata matibabu kunaweza kubadilisha maisha yako. Ikiwa unataka kujua sababu za nini ni vigumu kupata huduma za afya ya akili, hii ni chapisho kwa ajili yako. Inatia ndani vizuizi vitano kama hivyo. "Vipengele vilivyojumuishwa katika chapisho hili sio tu mtazamo wa ndani wa tasnia ya huduma za afya ya akili, lakini pia ufahamu wa msingi wa ushahidi juu ya kwanini kupata chaguzi za matibabu imekuwa shida. """ Itakujibu maswali mengi yaliyomo akilini mwako. Jedwali la Yaliyomo 1. Vizuizi vya Muundo Matatizo ya afya ya akili ni ya kawaida kote Marekani. Ingawa nchi zote zimekuwa zikifanya kazi ya kuunda mazingira mazuri kwa matibabu ya afya ya akili, bado kuna pengo kubwa kati ya upatikanaji wa matibabu ya afya na kuenea kwa magonjwa. Tofauti ya matibabu ni tofauti kati ya idadi ya wagonjwa wanaohitaji matibabu maalum na wale ambao wanapata huduma. Miongoni mwa sababu kuu za pengo hili kubwa ni upatikanaji wa data zisizoweza kutabiriwa na zisizofaa juu ya idadi ya watu wa Marekani. Hii ni kuongezeka na upungufu wa rasilimali kwa ajili ya kukusanya data hii. Kwa mujibu wa utafiti huo, wastani wa wastani wa matibabu kwa magonjwa ya akili ni 71.2% kwa ajili ya magonjwa ya akili, wastani wa matibabu ni 57.6% kwa ajili ya magonjwa makali, wastani wa matibabu ni 65.7% kwa ajili ya magonjwa makali na ya wastani, na kwa ajili ya magonjwa ya akili ni 5% kwa ajili ya Amerika ya Kaskazini, 9% kwa ajili ya Amerika ya Kusini, 4% kwa ajili ya Amerika ya Kati, na 8% kwa ajili ya Amerika ya Kusini. Pengo la matibabu kati ya watu wazima wa Amerika pia ni kubwa sana, ikiongeza zaidi mzigo wa ugonjwa wa afya ya akili ulimwenguni. Sera mbaya za Afya ya Akili Sera zinapaswa kusaidia katika kukidhi mahitaji ya idadi ya watu. Kwa kweli, Marekani imekuwa zaidi ya mkaidi katika kuunda sera za afya ya akili zinazolenga kusaidia watu wenye matatizo ya afya ya akili ya muda mrefu yanayohusiana na vita. Hii ni pamoja na mfumo wa utaratibu wa kati ambao umekuwa karibu tangu 1960. Huduma zinaweza kutopatikana tena kwa raia wagonjwa sana kwa sababu mbinu ya katikati haikuhusisha idadi ya watu inayolenga. Hali ya sasa kuhusu sera za afya ya umma si tofauti sana na ile ya baada ya vita. Badala ya kulenga idadi ya watu ambao wanahitaji yao, sera za afya za leo zinalenga huduma za matibabu kwa mazingira ya wagonjwa wa nje. Kama vile, hali hii husababisha mgawo wa rasilimali zisizofaa kwa sekta ya afya ya akili. "Miongoni mwa mwongozo wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti.""" Kulingana na ripoti ya Mental Health Resources, idadi kubwa ya Wamarekani, milioni 89, wanaishi katika maeneo yaliyochaguliwa na serikali ya shirikisho ya uhaba wa afya ya akili. Takwimu hizo zaweza kuhusianishwa na mambo mbalimbali. Mbali na maeneo ya vijijini kuwa na ukosefu mkubwa wa huduma za utambuzi na matibabu, kwa kawaida hawana upatikanaji wa wataalamu wa afya ya akili. Kwa upande mwingine, ingawa maeneo ya mijini yana wataalamu wengi wa afya, wengi wana orodha ndefu za kungojea. Mara nyingi wagonjwa hulazimika kungoja kwa miezi mingi kabla ya kupata huduma hizo. Jambo hilo huzidishwa zaidi na mipango ya bima inayodhaminiwa na serikali na ya kibinafsi. Pia, mara nyingi madaktari huepuka kufanya kazi ya utunzaji wa afya ya akili. Utaratibu wa Huduma za Afya ya Akili ni Fragmented: Utaratibu wa huduma za afya ya akili ni fragmented na kwa hivyo ni vigumu kwa watu wengi kupata huduma za afya ya akili. Huduma za afya ya akili ni inajulikana kama <unk>de facto<unk> katika maeneo mengi. Ingawa watu huripoti matatizo yao, mara nyingi wao hujikuta wamekwama katika mzunguko wa kutoandaa kabla hawawezi kupata msaada wowote. Hii inaongeza uharaka wa kuwa na mfumo wa huduma yenye ufanisi ili kuwezesha mawasiliano ya moja kwa moja na jamii. Baadhi ya sababu za kutoelewana kwa huduma za afya ya akili ni pamoja na: - Rasilimali za kiutawala zisizo na matumaini - Marekebisho ya kihistoria - Tofauti katika sheria za vigezo vya kustahili - Mtiririko wa fedha usiofaa - Wakati wa kuchanganya, sababu hizi zimeunda mipaka ya bandia kati ya wagonjwa na upatikanaji wa matibabu. Ni nadra kwa jamii maarufu kutoa historia zao za matibabu za zamani na za sasa kwa ajili ya tathmini. Wakati jamii hizi kweli kuwasilisha data hii, usindikaji wa uchunguzi kawaida inachukua miezi. Ukosefu mkubwa wa huduma za afya ya akili pia ni kawaida miongoni mwa jamii kubwa za wachache, ambayo ni kwa nini watu ambao wanaishi katika maeneo ya vijijini wanajulikana kujiua kwa kiwango cha juu kuliko wenzao wa mijini. Weka tarehe yako na Kliniki ya Mango leo! Ujuzi wa matibabu ya idadi ya watu wenye hatari kubwa Wakati wowote mageuzi na miongozo inapopangwa, idadi ya watu wenye hatari kubwa mara nyingi hupuuzwa. Huduma ya afya ya akili haijaendelea vya kutosha kuhakikisha kwamba mambo yote ambayo yanahitaji kuzingatia yanashughulikiwa. Hata hivyo, viongozi katika maendeleo pia kutumia mbinu ya zamani na ya jumla wakati wa kufanya maamuzi juu ya huduma ya afya ya akili. "Hii ni baadhi ya idadi ya watu walio katika hatari kubwa ambao mara nyingi hupuuzwa wakati wa mageuzi ya huduma za afya ya akili: ""Mashaka ya afya ya akili na kujiua ni ya kawaida sana miongoni mwa vizazi vya zamani, kwa hivyo kutoa kikundi hiki cha umri na matibabu ni muhimu.""" Kwa watu wazee, "Medicare" ni mfadhili wao wa msingi kwa masuala ya afya. Ukweli ni kwamba Medicare inatoa huduma na chaguzi ndogo kwa sekta ya huduma za afya ya akili. "Hii inahusiana na: ""Mipaka ya kulazwa hospitalini, chanjo ndogo ya ziara za ofisi, chanjo ndogo au hakuna chanjo ya dawa za dawa, karibu 25% ya idadi ya watu wanadai kwamba vizuizi hivi vya Medicare vinawazuia kutafuta huduma za afya.""" Kwa kuwa matibabu yanayotolewa kwa wazee-wazee hayawezi kukubaliwa kama yale yanayotolewa kwa watu wazima wengine, wengi hupinga kutafuta matibabu. Kwa mfano, huduma za matibabu ya nje ya hospitali zinahitaji malipo ya asilimia 20, wakati huduma nyingi za afya ya akili zinahitaji malipo ya asilimia 50. Pia, sheria hiyo inaweka mipaka ya siku 190 za kulazwa hospitalini. "Kama ilivyoelezwa katika makala hii, ""Mipaka 9 ya Matibabu na Uingiliaji wa Ufanisi"" ni sehemu ya utafiti wa utafiti wa utafiti wa matibabu." Mwaka 2002 Kupunguza Kujiua: Lazima ya Kitaifa. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press (Uchapishaji wa Chuo cha Taifa). DOI: 10.1722639-108. Ugonjwa huo haujagunduliwa na matibabu ya kizazi cha wazee pia yanafanya iwe vigumu kupata matibabu. Kwa kuwa idadi kubwa ya madaktari huona kushuka moyo na magonjwa ya akili kuwa sehemu ya kuzeeka yanayotokana na mabadiliko ya kimwili, kisaikolojia, na kisaikolojia, mambo ya pekee ya matibabu hayaonekani kuwa ya lazima kwa kikundi hiki. Hata hivyo, mtazamo huu unaweza kuathiri vibaya umuhimu wa kutafuta huduma za afya ya akili. Sababu za upatikanaji duni wa huduma za afya ya akili ni sawa kwa idadi ya vijana; matumizi ya chini, upatikanaji mdogo wa huduma, tabia ya chini ya kutafuta msaada, na matatizo ya utambuzi yote yamechangia upatikanaji mdogo wa matibabu ya afya ya akili. Jambo jingine muhimu ni kwamba hali ya ukosefu wa kazi ya kuajiriwa ya matineja wengi hufanya gharama za matibabu ziwe kazi ngumu. Kikundi hiki cha umri pia hafuati miadi na ufuatiliaji kama inahitajika. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Uhamasishaji wa afya ya akili na elimu ya afya ya akili: Ukosefu wa uhamasishaji wa afya ya akili na elimu ya afya ya akili inaweza kuwa na athari kubwa. Hadithi kuhusu matatizo ya afya ya akili zaweza kupatikana kila mahali, kutia ndani katika magazeti, vyombo vya habari, na televisheni. Wajibu wa kueneza na kuelewa ufahamu wa afya ya akili unagharimu serikali, watoa matibabu, na wanafamilia. Kwa nini watu wanaopambana na ugonjwa wa bipolar au ugonjwa wa kushuka moyo au schizophrenia hawapati matibabu wanayostahili? Kwa wale wanaofanya hivyo, kwa nini viwango vya matibabu ni vya juu sana? Kisingizio bora kwa hali hii itakuwa <unk>Anosognosia<unk> <unk> ukosefu wa ufahamu wa kibinafsi. Ikiwa mtu anayeteseka kutokana na ugonjwa wa akili hana elimu nzuri kuhusu hali yao, watakuwa na maswali mengi kuhusu ustawi wao. Ubongo uliovunjika ni neno linalotumiwa kwa kawaida kurejelea watu wanaopambana na magonjwa ya akili ambao wanapaswa kukabiliana na mabadiliko ya kuendelea katika ubongo wao au uharibifu wake bila kuhisi kwamba wana ugonjwa wa akili. Asilimia 50 ya wagonjwa wanaosumbuliwa na magonjwa ya akili mara nyingi hawakubali ukweli kwamba wana ugonjwa wa akili. Ingawa wataalamu wa afya, marafiki, au familia wanaweza kujaribu kuwajulisha hali yao, inaweza kuwa ngumu kwao kuelewa au kuwa makini na afya yao ya akili. Kushughulikia anosognosia ni changamoto kwa kuwa pia ni dalili ya ugonjwa wa akili. Wale ambao si nyumbani na magonjwa yao ya akili wanaweza kuitikia tofauti, ikiwa ni pamoja na kupitia: Mbali na kuwa na wasiwasi kushughulika na kwanza, matatizo ya akili kupata mbaya zaidi na umri na muda. Wale wanaopambana na magonjwa haya wanaweza kukabiliwa na shinikizo katika fomu ya kazi, mzigo wa kifedha, kupoteza kumbukumbu, kupungua kwa ujuzi wa utambuzi, na chuki, ambayo inaweza kuzalisha wasiwasi wakati wa kushirikiana. Hofu na hasira: Uzoefu wa kuambiwa kwamba una ugonjwa wa akili ni kawaida chungu na ya kutisha. Watu huitikia hofu kwa njia isiyotabirika kabisa. Kwa wale walio na matatizo ya akili, inaweza kuwa vigumu kuona mambo kwa njia nzuri. Lugha inayotumiwa kushughulikia matatizo tofauti pia inaweza kuwa suala kwa hatua ambapo watu wanaoteseka na magonjwa ya akili wanakuwa na uwezekano wa maneno maalum. Kwa mfano, kuwaita watu hao "wenye matatizo ya akili" kunaweza kuwa jambo lenye kuaibisha na kusababisha hasira. Kwa nini Ujuzi wa Afya ya Akili ni Muhimu Ujuzi wa afya ya akili na ufahamu wa chaguzi zilizopo za huduma ya afya ni muhimu kwa utambuzi wa mapema na kwa kuona bendera nyekundu ndani ya idadi maalum ya watu. Ujuzi huo pia huongeza kasi ya kupona kutokana na matatizo ya akili. Ujuzi wa mambo yote yanayohusiana na afya ya akili unaweza kuwasaidia wale wanaohitaji kujua jinsi ya kupata rasilimali za huduma za afya. Kwa kweli, nusu ya Wamarekani wanaweza kutopata rasilimali za huduma za afya kwa sababu ya kutokujua jinsi ya kwenda juu yake. Wanaweza kuwa hawajui rasilimali ambazo zipo kwa ugonjwa wao maalum; mashirika yasiyo ya faida, sera za bima, chanjo ya bima ya bajeti ya chini iliyofadhiliwa na serikali, na ufadhili wote hutoa fursa kubwa za kuboresha afya ya akili kwa idadi ya watu. Hata hivyo, ukosefu wa elimu, vizuizi vya kitamaduni na lugha, ushirikina, na mawazo ya kihafidhina huwazuia watu kutumia chaguzi na matibabu ya huduma za afya. Ujuzi hutoa tumaini na nafasi kubwa ya kupona. Uangalifu kwa uwezekano wa magonjwa ya akili huunda mazingira bora ya kupunguza ugonjwa na kuboresha jinsi watu wanavyofikia maisha. Katika nchi za Ulaya, mashirika mengi ya afya ya akili yanafanya kazi kwa bidii ili kuboresha utambuzi wa afya ya akili katika jamii zao. Mipango hii inakusudiwa kuboresha afya ya akili ya idadi ya watu pamoja na kuongeza ufahamu wa chaguzi za matibabu zinazopatikana. "Kama sehemu ya mpango huu, CDC inatoa ""Msaada wa Elimu kwa Matatizo ya Akili na Huduma za Afya katika Marekani"" (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) na ""Msaada wa Elimu kwa Matatizo ya Akili na Huduma za Afya ya Akili.""" Ina hifadhidata ambazo kwa ujumla zinategemea data na takwimu za umma. Katika miaka ya hivi karibuni, shirika hilo limekuwa mtetezi mkubwa wa ufahamu wa afya ya akili. Imeendelea kukuza sababu hii kwa kuelezea afya ya akili kwa umma na kuelezea faida za ufahamu wa afya ya akili na chaguzi za matibabu zinazopatikana. MedlinePlus ni huduma nyuma ya maktaba ya matibabu kubwa zaidi ulimwenguni, "Maktaba ya Kitaifa ya Tiba". Lengo kuu la shirika hilo ni kutoa habari ya ubora wa juu kuhusu afya na ustawi. Kwa kutumia Kiingereza na Kihispania, inafikia malengo yake ya kueneza ufahamu wa huduma za afya kupitia njia zote zinazowezekana. Kama rasilimali ya mtandaoni, MedlinePlus ni kati ya vyanzo vya kuaminika zaidi vya habari kwa watu binafsi na marafiki na familia zao. Serikali ya Marekani hutumia tovuti hii kama mlango wa upatikanaji wa hatua moja kwa rasilimali mbalimbali za afya ya akili. Wageni wanaweza kujifunza mambo yote yanayohusiana na afya ya akili kwa kutembelea tovuti hiyo. Mfumo huu unalenga maeneo kadhaa, ikiwa ni pamoja na: - Umma kwa ujumla - Mifumo ya Shule - Wataalamu wa Afya na Utayari wa Dharura - Jamii za Mitaa - Serikali na Viongozi wa Biashara - Kituo cha Kitaifa cha PTSD - Lengo la shirika hili ni maveterani wa Marekani, wanaume na wanawake. Inadai kuwa inatoa wafanyakazi wote wa VA heshima, ubora, na msingi wa viwango. Weka tarehe yako na Kliniki ya Mango leo! Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Afya ya Akili (NIMH) ni taasisi ya kitaifa ya afya ya akili ambayo inashughulikia magonjwa ya akili na magonjwa ya akili. Kama shirika la kuongoza la shirikisho katika uwanja wa afya ya akili, iko chini ya taasisi 27 za Taasisi ya Kitaifa ya Afya, ambayo imepongezwa kama shirika kubwa la utafiti wa biomedical ulimwenguni. Katika miaka mitano ijayo, NIMH imefanya mpango wa kimkakati juu ya jinsi inataka kusukuma ufahamu wa afya ya akili mbele. Mpango huo unajumuisha: - Kuangazia juhudi za kuboresha matibabu na kuzuia uingiliaji wa afya ya akili - Kufuatilia mwendo wa magonjwa ya akili ili kuanzisha njia kamili ya kuingilia - Kuendeleza sayansi ya msingi ya ubongo, tabia, na genomics kuelewa magonjwa ya akili vizuri - Kuhakikisha kwamba watu wanaosumbuliwa na matatizo ya akili wanaweza kufaidika na huduma bora na matokeo bora. Vizuizi vya Rasi na Stigma ya Jamii (Vizuizi vya Jamii) Ugonjwa huo sio tatizo pekee ambalo watu wanaopambana na ugonjwa wa akili wanapaswa kushughulika nalo. Ingawa ugonjwa huo wenyewe waweza kuwa wenye kuogopesha, hali hiyo huzidishwa na mitazamo ya kawaida ya kijamii na ubaguzi. Mara nyingi watu wanaopatwa na magonjwa ya akili hawawezi kuishi maisha yenye afya na furaha na hawawezi kupata huduma za afya ya akili. Mwishowe wanakataliwa huduma za afya zinazofaa, kazi nzuri, na upatikanaji wa rasilimali zinazopatikana kwa uhuru. Kwa Nini Kuna Uchafu Mengi Kuhusu Afya ya Akili? Uchafu hutokea wakati wowote jamii au wale walio karibu zaidi na mhasiriwa wanapowataja kuwa wasiofaa. Inaweza kuonekana katika njia mbalimbali, kutia ndani mitazamo mibaya, ujinga, au ubaguzi. Mhasiriwa mara nyingi hujulikana kama "mzungu". Uchafu huu unaweza kuchochewa kwa urahisi na mitazamo hasi ya jamii na ukosefu wa ufahamu. Katika visa vingine, watu wanaopambana na magonjwa ya akili mara nyingi huwa malengo laini ya jamii ya vurugu kwa njia mbalimbali. Kwa mfano, mara nyingi watu walio na ugonjwa wa akili huonwa kuwa wenye jeuri na hatari kwa wengine. Mango Clinic inasaidia katika matatizo ya afya ya akili. Bonyeza kifungo hapa chini! Maoni Matano Mabaya ya Jamii Kuhusu Ugonjwa wa Akili Ugonjwa wa akili ni udhaifu ni kawaida kwa wagonjwa wa akili kupokea mengi ya backlash kwa hali yao ya afya ya akili. Mara nyingi hali yao hufanya watu wajiulize uwezo wao, akili yao, na uwezo wao wa kimwili. Maoni kama hayo juu yao mara nyingi huongoza waathirika kuelekea njia ya wasiwasi, kushuka moyo, na kukosa matumaini, ambayo mara nyingi ni kikwazo kikubwa kwa motisha yao ya kutafuta huduma ya afya ya akili. Pia, kutafuta matibabu ya magonjwa ya akili mara nyingi huonwa kuwa ukosefu wa nguvu za kiakili. Ukweli ni kwamba nguvu ya akili haathiriwi na magonjwa ya akili. Kwa kweli, watu wengi wanaoshughulika na matatizo ya afya ya akili wana ushawishi mkubwa na wanajulikana kushughulikia hali yao vizuri sana. 2. Uwezekano wa kupata Ni vigumu kushinda matatizo ya afya ya akili. Baadhi ya mambo yanayochangia matatizo hayo hayawezi kubadilishwa, kama vile umri, chembe za urithi, jinsia, na historia ya familia. Hata hivyo, ni jambo linalowezekana kabisa kwa watu wanaopambana na magonjwa ya akili kusimamia na kupona kutokana na hali zao. Kuna mengi yanayoweza kufanywa katika maisha yao ya kila siku ili kuwaongoza kwenye njia ya kupona. Hii inajumuisha: - Kula chakula cha afya - Kukumbatia matibabu ya kisaikolojia - Kufuata usafi mzuri wa usingizi - Kuchukua dawa zilizokubaliwa na FDA - Kujihusisha na shughuli za mwili na mazoezi ya kawaida 3. Jeuri ni ya kawaida kwa watu wenye matatizo ya akili Vyombo vya habari vimechangia sana picha mbaya ya wagonjwa wa akili. Magonjwa ya akili yamehusianishwa na kuambukizwa na roho, jeuri ya nyumbani, hospitali za wagonjwa wa akili zenye kuogopesha, wauaji wa mfululizo, na mengineyo. Sinema za Hollywood, habari, na filamu za maandishi zimewatendea wagonjwa wa akili kwa urahisi kuwa "wagonjwa wa akili". Kwa kweli, watu wanaopambana na magonjwa ya akili huwa wasio na hatia na wenye adabu na mara nyingi si watenda-jeuri, bali ni waathirika wake. Madhara ya baadaye, picha za uwongo za vyombo vya habari, utambulisho wa mara kwa mara, na kuunganisha ugonjwa wa akili na uhalifu, yote yamechangia kuunda mazingira yasiyofaa kwa wale walio na magonjwa ya akili kupona au kufungua juu ya mapambano yao. 4. Uwe na uhakika Utafiti wa afya ya akili unaonekana kuwa ishara ya kushindwa na chanzo cha aibu: Karibu 50% ya Wamarekani wana aibu na kusita kutafuta msaada, bila kujali hali yao ya akili. Hilo laweza kuhusianishwa na hekaya, maoni yasiyo na msingi, na mitazamo isiyo ya kawaida ambayo hubadilishana daima ndani ya jamii. Matatizo ya afya ya akili si jambo la kuchagua. Kutafuta huduma ya afya ya akili inapaswa kuonekana kwa mwangaza sawa na kupata msaada kwa hali nyingine za afya. Ni lazima uone kama chaguo la kuweka afya yako kwanza ili kutafuta matibabu na kufurahia maisha bora. Kujiunga na ugonjwa wako wa akili na kutafuta msaada ni ishara ya nguvu, ambayo inaonyesha una nguvu ya kiroho na mapenzi ya kubuni maisha yenye furaha zaidi kwa ajili yako mwenyewe. 5. Uwe na mtazamo mzuri. Wataalamu wa Afya ya Akili Si Madaktari Mafunzo katika uwanja wa magonjwa ya akili na saikolojia ni ya umuhimu mkubwa. Wataalamu hawa wa afya wana jukumu muhimu katika kugundua matatizo ya akili, kuyatibu, na kupata njia za hali ya juu za kusimamia magonjwa ya akili. Wanasaikolojia hawawezi kuitwa madaktari mpaka wapate shahada ya udaktari. katika mashamba yao na kupata leseni ya mamlaka. Kuhudhuria shule za kitiba si sharti kwao. Kwa upande mwingine, madaktari wa magonjwa ya akili lazima wahudhurie shule ya kitiba hadi kumaliza na kuchukua mitihani ya leseni kabla ya kufikia shahada yao. Katika visa vyote viwili, wataalamu hawa huitwa madaktari baada ya kutimiza vigezo vinavyohitajika. Ingawa kuna tofauti kubwa katika mshahara na elimu, tofauti hii haichukui cheo chao wala haitoi shaka utaalam wao. Kwa kweli, kazi zote mbili zina jukumu muhimu la kucheza katika kupunguza stigma ya afya ya akili na kuboresha upatikanaji wa huduma za afya na utabiri mzuri. Stigma inaweza kugawanywa katika mbili: - Stigma ya umma Stereotype: Wagonjwa wa akili wanaonekana vibaya na jamii. (ya vurugu, tofauti, dhaifu, hatari) Ubaguzi: rigidity kuelekea imani hizi hasi. Ubaguzi: Mara nyingi, hilo husababisha kuepukwa na kukataliwa fursa za kuishi kwa pamoja. Kwa wastani, watu wa Marekani na Ulaya wana maoni mabaya sana kuhusu watu wenye matatizo ya akili. Hata wataalamu katika sekta ya afya ya akili hutumia aina fulani ya uchongezi. Baadhi ya mawazo ya jumla kuhusu afya ya akili ndani ya uwanja wa umma ni: Watu wanaopambana na ugonjwa wa akili wanapaswa kutengwa na jamii - Wagonjwa wa akili ni wasio na ukomavu - Wengine wanapaswa kufanya uamuzi wa maisha ya wagonjwa wa akili kwani hawawezi kufanya maamuzi haya wenyewe. Watu wengi katika jamii wanaogopa kushirikiana na watu wenye matatizo ya akili, na wengi wao wana maoni mabaya kuhusu ndoa na watu wenye matatizo ya akili. Uchafu huu wa umma unaathiri nafasi za wagonjwa wa akili kupata kazi nzuri, chaguzi za matibabu ya bure, makazi salama, uanachama wa klabu za kijamii, mbuga za umma, nk. Weka tarehe yako na Kliniki ya Mango leo! Maoni yasiyofaa: Kuwa na maoni yasiyofaa juu ya mtu mwenyewe (hisia ya kutokuwa na uwezo, udhaifu, na wazimu, nk.) Ubaguzi: Kukubaliana na kuendana na imani za uwongo za jamii Ubaguzi: Kushindwa kutafuta msaada na kukosa fursa za matibabu Ni kawaida kwa watu wanaoishi ndani ya jamii inayowashutumu kuidhinisha athari hii. Baada ya muda, mtu mwenye ugonjwa wa akili anaweza kujikuta akifikiri kwamba yeye asiyetakiwa na kitu chochote, na mara nyingi anapoteza matumaini kwa ajili ya wakati wake ujao. Usiamini na heshima ya kibinafsi ni sababu kubwa ya viwango vya chini vya wagonjwa wa akili wanaotafuta rasilimali na uchunguzi. Kuendelea na sehemu ya mwisho ya sura hii Tofauti na katika kesi ya afya ya jumla, kuna tofauti ndogo kati ya umma kuhusu kupata huduma bora ya afya ya akili. Watu wa jamii ndogo kama vile Waafrika na Wamarekani wana huduma mbaya ya afya ya akili, wakati hali ni bora zaidi kwa huduma ya afya ya jumla. Utafiti unaonyesha kuwa idadi ya watu wenye matatizo ya akili miongoni mwa watu wa asili ya Afrika ni ndogo kuliko ya watu wa makabila mengine ya Marekani. Hata hivyo, matokeo kwa ajili ya weusi si mahali popote karibu na kuwa nzuri kama wale wa wazungu. 4. Uwe na uhakika Vizuizi katika Huduma ya Afya ya Msingi na Ugunduzi wa Kujiua Ulimwenguni, matatizo ya afya ya akili ni ya kawaida sana. Kwa kweli, kiwango cha ugonjwa na vifo kimekuwa kikiongezeka kwa kasi hivi karibuni kwa sababu ya huduma za msingi zisizo za kutosha na uchunguzi wa wagonjwa wa akili.Huduma ya msingi ina jukumu muhimu katika kugundua, kugundua, kutibu na kutabiri magonjwa ya akili. Watu wengi wanaopambana na matatizo ya akili wanalalamika juu ya ukosefu wa vifaa vya huduma za afya za msingi na upatikanaji mdogo wa zile zinazopatikana. Kulingana na utafiti uliofanywa na De Hert na wenzake, usimamizi mbaya wa magonjwa ya akili unaweza kuhusishwa na vizuizi kadhaa, ambazo ni pamoja na: Hali ya chini ya kijamii na kiuchumi: Kutokuwepo kwa rasilimali kama misaada, ufadhili, msaada wa familia, na bima huweka watu nyuma ya kutoa huduma za afya ya akili. Moja ya matatizo makubwa kwa watu wenye asili ya chini ya kijamii na kiuchumi ni kwamba wagonjwa wa akili mara nyingi huonwa kuwa walemavu na wenye matatizo. Kwa hiyo, watu hao hulazimika kutegemea uwezo wao wa kifedha kwa sababu ya ukosefu wa usawa, chuki ya kijamii, na kujitegemea kidogo. Kupata masuala yako ya akili Sorted na Mango Clinic na basi sisi kukusaidia kuondoa vizuizi kwa huduma ya afya ya akili! Uzoefu mbaya wa afya ya akili: Baadhi ya uzoefu wa kijamii ambao watu wamekuwa nao na afya ya akili hufanya wagonjwa wajihisi mbali na kufungua kwa jamii na wataalamu wa afya. Kwa mfano, vyombo vya habari vimekuwa vikipaka picha ya kutisha ya rasilimali za kawaida za huduma za afya ya akili kama vile madaktari na hospitali. Sinema maarufu za Hollywood zimeunda maoni ya wagonjwa wa akili kuwa waathirika kupitia majaribio, mateso, umwagaji damu, na jeuri. Picha hii mbaya hufanya iwe vigumu kwa watu wenye magonjwa ya akili kuamini kwamba ulimwengu halisi ni tofauti. Vizuizi vya Watoa Huduma: Sababu tatu huendesha ubora na uwezo wa kushughulikia na kutibu matatizo ya afya ya akili: Ujuzi wa kutosha kuhusu hali tofauti za afya ya akili kati ya watoa huduma za afya hufanya upatikanaji wa huduma za afya ya akili kuwa ngumu. Ingawa kuna matatizo mbalimbali ya akili, tatizo moja laweza kuwaathiri watu wawili kwa njia tofauti-tofauti. Ukosefu wa ujuzi wa mambo mengi ya magonjwa tofauti-tofauti hufanya kusimamia wagonjwa kuwa kazi ngumu. Elimu ni muhimu miongoni mwa madaktari na wauguzi kwa ajili yao kukabiliana na dharura afya ya akili na ufanisi. Upeo wa Mazoezi Upeo wa mazoezi ya idadi nzuri ya watoa huduma za afya haijumuishi magonjwa ya akili. Ingawa daktari atadai kwamba ana leseni ya kutibu mwili, huenda akasisitiza kwamba yeye hatibi ubongo. Watu hao huamini kwamba kushughulika na matatizo ya afya ya akili si kazi yao. Maoni na Maadili: Watu wengi hupata kushughulika na wafanyakazi wapya wa huduma za afya za msingi ni ngumu. Kufanya uhusiano nao na kuwafungulia moyo kunaweza kuwa jambo gumu kwa watu wengi. Hii ni kweli hasa kwa watu wenye historia ya ulevi na dawa za kulevya kama wao uzoefu kukataliwa kutoka wafanyakazi wa huduma ya afya ya msingi ambao wanaweza kuona yao kama <unk> madawa ya kulevya <unk> Vizuizi vya kugundua na usimamizi wa kujiua: Katika Marekani, kujiua imeongezeka katika wasiwasi mkubwa. Mara nyingi matatizo ya akili na majaribio ya kujiua huambatana. Ni Magonjwa Gani ya Akili Yanayohusiana na Hatari ya Kujiua? Baadhi ya matatizo ya akili ambayo husababisha kujiua ni pamoja na: - unyogovu mkubwa - matumizi mabaya ya dawa za kulevya - mkazo wa kihisia - ugonjwa wa bipolar - matatizo ya kibinafsi - ugonjwa wa mkazo wa baada ya majeraha Hapa ni baadhi ya matatizo ambayo huzuia kugundua kujiua: Nchi nyingi zimekubali mkakati mbaya wa kugundua kujiua. Katika visa vingi, hii inahusisha kufanya tafiti za afya ya msingi juu ya unyogovu na kutathmini uwezekano wa kujiua kutokea kati ya watazamaji lengo. Ingawa kuna vifaa mbalimbali vinavyoweza kusaidia kuepuka kujiua, mara nyingi haiwezekani kuvitumia. Mara nyingi mazungumzo na mgonjwa kuhusu hali yake na pia historia yake ya familia na ya kitiba ndiyo njia bora zaidi. Watu ambao wanakutana na maelezo yafuatayo mara nyingi wana hatari kubwa ya kujiua: Watu wanaokabiliwa na uchovu, wateja wenye maumivu ya muda mrefu, watu wanaopambana na mzigo wa kifedha, watu wanaopitia mabadiliko ya ghafla katika maisha yao, watu waliojitenga kijamii, watu wanaopitia unyogovu wa baada ya kuzaa, watu wanaopoteza, watu walio na historia ya kutumia dawa za kulevya, watu wanaopambana na ugonjwa zaidi ya moja, watu ambao wana historia ya ugonjwa wa usingizi, watu wanaoishi katika mazingira ya nyumbani. Kuchagua chombo bora cha uchunguzi hutegemea mambo mbalimbali, kutia ndani mapendezi ya kibinafsi, upatikanaji, matumizi ya wakati, na mambo mengine. Ukweli kwamba zana za uchunguzi pia zinajulikana kusababisha matokeo ya uwongo-mema pia ni hasara kubwa. Hii inaweza kusababisha gharama kubwa za huduma za matibabu, ambayo inaweza kuchanganya maisha ya watu ambao hawana bima binafsi. Weka tarehe yako na Kliniki ya Mango leo! 5. Uwe na mtazamo mzuri. Matatizo ya kiuchumi na ya kisaikolojia ni sehemu kubwa ya kuongezeka kwa matatizo ya akili duniani. Kulingana na utafiti wa hivi karibuni, karibu 56% ya watu walio na unyogovu na 86% ya watu wanaopambana na matumizi mabaya ya pombe hawapati matibabu kwa sababu ya gharama kubwa ya kupata matibabu. Kwa ujumla, kutokuwa na uwezo wa kulipia matibabu ya afya ya akili ni sababu kuu ya kukataa matibabu. Kampuni nyingi za bima za Marekani, hasa Medicare, ama hutoa rasilimali zisizofaa au kushindwa kabisa kufunika huduma za afya ya akili. Kurekebisha hali hiyo kwa kiasi kikubwa kiko mikononi mwa wenye mamlaka, watunzaji, na watunga-sera. WHO imethibitisha kuwa hatari kubwa ya magonjwa ya akili Mamilioni ya Wamarekani hupata ugumu wa kupata huduma za afya ya akili. Mara nyingi, wale wanaopata huduma hiyo lazima wapitie katika mvurugo wa kutenganishwa na vizuizi vya kifedha. Baadhi ya sababu kuu za masuala haya ya kifedha ni pamoja na: - Kampuni za bima ya kiwango cha juu cha kukataa huduma - Mitandao ya bima ya afya kukosa wataalamu wa afya ya akili - Vifaa vya huduma ya afya ya akili kudai gharama za juu nje ya mfuko Masuala haya yatakuwepo, kama mtu anayetafuta huduma ya afya ya akili ana bima binafsi au ya umma. Hapa kuna orodha ya fursa za matibabu ya afya zinazotolewa nchini Marekani na kipengele cha kifedha ambacho huwakomesha: Kwa kweli, kuwa na bima inamaanisha kufanya upatikanaji wa matibabu kuwa rahisi. Mfumo wa afya wa Marekani unatoa fursa kwa watu wote wanaostahili kupata matibabu chini ya mpango maalum wa bima. Vyanzo vingi vya bima chini ya mpango huu hufunika matibabu ya afya ya akili. Kwa mfano, waajiri wanaweza kuwapa wafanyakazi wao bima. Kwa vijana (waliopungua miaka 26), wanaweza kutegemea bima inayotolewa na mwajiri wa wazazi wao. Kwa upande mwingine, wanafunzi wa chuo kikuu wanaweza kufurahia bima ya gharama nafuu inayotolewa na serikali ya shule. Madhara ya kifedha ya chaguzi hizi za bima Idadi kubwa ya mipango hii inaweza kutengwa hali ya afya ya akili kutoka kwa chanjo yao. Ingawa serikali inajaribu sana kuwa kali, wajasiriamali wengi wanaweza kuondoa magonjwa yaliyogunduliwa hapo awali kutoka kwa chanjo yao. Katika visa vingine, wagonjwa wa akili wanaweza kuwa na ugumu wa kulipia mipango ya bima ya kawaida, na wengine hufanya kazi chini ya waajiri ambao hawapatii bima! Kwa watu ambao hawawezi kupata bima kupitia msaada wa familia, shule, au kazi, kuna daima chaguo la kupata mipango iliyofadhiliwa na serikali kupitia: - Sheria ya Huduma ya Affordable Marketplace Medicare na Medicaid Serikali ya Marekani inadhamini Medicaid na Medicare. Huduma hizi hutolewa kulingana na sifa, hali ya ulemavu, mapato, na umri. Ili kupata huduma hii, unahitaji kufanya kazi na shirika la huduma za kijamii kujaza maombi ya ulemavu wa usalama wa kijamii. Uwezekano wa Medicare: Uwezo mdogo wa huduma: Mbali na mipango maarufu ya Medicare kuwa na vikwazo mbalimbali vya kifedha, huduma ambazo unaweza kupata chini ya bima ni mdogo kwa bajeti maalum. Kwa ajili ya mipango hii, unahitaji kulipa ada ya juu zaidi ikiwa unaweza tu kupata watoa huduma za afya nje ya mtandao. Ingawa mipango mingine inaweza kutoa chaguzi zaidi, mara nyingi huja na bei ya juu ambayo ni vigumu kulipia. Ingawa huduma za Medicare zinaweza kupatikana kote Amerika, mipango ya faida mara nyingi itapunguzwa kabisa kwa maeneo au majimbo maalum. Hii itakuwa na athari kwa idadi ya watu ambao husafiri mara kwa mara; bima yao ya afya inaweza kuwa haifanyi kazi nje ya eneo lao la makazi. Gharama ya ziada ya huduma za afya: Medicare inaonekana kama mpango wa busara ambao unakuja na malipo ya premium ambayo huondolewa moja kwa moja katika sehemu nyingi za mradi. Hata hivyo, inaweza kuwa na watumiaji maalum siri malipo. Mashtaka haya yanaweza kujumuisha ziara ya mtaalamu copays, kuongeza juu ya mipango ya faida, na dawa deductibles. Huduma za bure za kliniki na afya: Ingawa bima itatosheleza sehemu nyingi za huduma za afya, kuna chaguzi kadhaa za bure. Njia hizi zinaweza kupatikana kwa urahisi kupitia vituo vya afya vya Shirikisho (FQHC). Hata hivyo, unahitaji kutimiza mahitaji makali ili kupata upatikanaji wa huduma hizi. Njia nyingine inayopendwa sana ni kuwasiliana na mashirika yasiyo ya faida ya mahali hapo. Ingawa baadhi ya wataalamu wa matibabu chini ya mashirika hayo wanaweza kutoa huduma zao bila malipo, mara nyingi fursa hizo hutegemea bahati. Kuna Matatizo Gani? Chaguzi za bure mara nyingi hutolewa na wagombea wa huduma za afya kama wafanyakazi wa muda, watazamaji, na wanafunzi. Wagombea hao huenda wakashindwa kupatana na huduma zenye ubora na mifumo ya matibabu inayotolewa na wataalamu. Watu wanaotafuta matibabu kwa matatizo yao ya afya ya akili wanaweza kupata upungufu wa utaalamu na udanganyifu. Ufadhili kwa ajili ya Mental Ill Working Population Kupata ajira kama mgonjwa wa afya ya akili ni mara nyingi mapambano. Hata hivyo, wanaotafuta kazi wanaweza daima kutumia kiasi cha ulemavu kwa nafasi ya kutua kazi za kiwango cha chini. Serikali pia hutoa chaguzi za ajira zilizoungwa mkono na huduma za ukarabati wa ufundi. Msaada wa kifedha kwa watu wenye magonjwa ya akili ni njia nzuri ya kupata pesa na kupata matibabu. Ili kupata ajira iliyoungwa mkono, huenda ukalazimika kuwasiliana na mashirika ya afya ya akili. Ikiwa unafanya kazi katika sekta fulani, kama vile kufundisha wagonjwa wa akili, basi mwajiri wako atachukua jukumu la kuondoa vizuizi vyovyote kwa jinsi unavyofanya kazi. Mara nyingi, hii inahusisha usimamizi mkali ili kuhakikisha viwango vya juu vya ubora na kuunda mazingira bora ya bure ya ufisadi. Ugumu wa kudumisha kazi na ugonjwa wa akili Mara nyingi ni vigumu kupata na kudumisha kazi na ugonjwa wa akili. Wakati asilimia 60 ya Wamarekani wanaosumbuliwa na magonjwa ya akili wako tayari kufanya kazi, inaweza kuwa ya kushangaza kujua kwamba kiwango chao cha ukosefu wa kazi ni asilimia 80. Bila shaka, kutafuta kazi na ugonjwa wa akili inaweza kuwa wazo kubwa, lakini ugonjwa wa msingi unaweza kufanya iwe vigumu kuwasiliana na wengine mahali pa kazi. Kupata masuala yako ya akili Sorted na Mango Clinic kwa sababu sisi <unk>ll kuondoa vizuizi iwezekanavyo kwa matibabu ya afya ya akili! Kuna aina mbalimbali za vizuizi kwa huduma za afya kwa kupata huduma ya kutosha kwa matatizo ya afya ya akili, na wengi wa vikwazo hapo juu ni pamoja na sababu kadhaa kuchangia. Uchafu unaotokana na hilo na ukosefu wa huduma za afya unaweza kutokea katika jamii au kwa mgonjwa mwenyewe. Lengo la mwisho ni kufanya kazi juu ya njia za kuvunja stereotypes na vizuizi hivi hatimaye kuruhusu wahasiriwa kufurahia maisha ya afya na kazi kama wengine wa idadi ya watu. Sasa kwa kuwa umejifunza vya kutosha juu ya ukosefu wa ufikiaji wa huduma za afya ya akili, unaweza kufanya sehemu yako kubadilisha hadithi hii. Ikiwa wewe au mtu unayempenda ana ugonjwa wa akili au la, wewe ni kukaribishwa daima kutafuta huduma katika Kliniki ya Mango. Kujisikia huru kuondoka maoni na kutembelea tovuti hii wakati wowote kwa maarifa zaidi.