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May, 22, 2013 Lansing, MI- It used to be that cohabitation was taboo. It was something few couples did, and up until the past 20 years couples might have lived together, but it wasn’t something they would tell anyone, especially not their parents. But things have drastically changed and now a large number of Michigan couples are living together before they tie the knot and many of them are having children.
A Center for Disease Control study released this year showed that at least 48 percent of women between the ages of 15 and 44 say they lived with a partner prior to their first marriage. In contrast, prior to 1995 only 34 percent of women admitted to living with their partners as their first union.
“Instead of marriage, people are moving into cohabitation as a first union,” demographer Casey Copen, the report’s lead author, explained to USA Today. “It’s kind of a ubiquitous phenomenon now.”
The study also came up with some other interesting statistics, 40 percent of those first cohabitations resulted in marriage within 3 years and 32 percent of couples were still together in the same time period, 27 percent dissolved.
“The United States has long had the shortest cohabiting relationships of any wealthy nation and now these relationships are lengthening,” sociologist Andrew Cherlin of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore told USA Today.
Couples aren’t just living together; they are also having children together. The study also revealed that 20 percent of cohabitating women were likely to get pregnant within the first year.
“What we’re seeing here is the emergence of children within cohabiting unions among the working class and the poor,” Cherlin says. “They have high standards for marriage and they don’t think they can meet them for now, but increasingly, it’s not stopping them from having a child. Having children within cohabiting unions is much more common among everybody but the college educated.”
The CDC report further explains “Cohabitation is a common part of family formation in the United States, and serves both as a step toward marriage and as an alternative to marriage.”
But what does cohabitation have to do with divorce? Remember that 27 percent of cohabitating couples break up, they split up and they often have the same problems as married couples who split up. These cohabitating couples buy houses together, share their money and assets and have children together.
The law regarding cohabitating couples is a limited, not providing the exactly the same protections that divorcing couples enjoy. Cohabitating couples don’t have to legally dissolve their unions but many of them face the same issues that married couples do; they have to figure out child custody arrangements and divide assets.
Family law attorney Stu Shafer has represented couples in Michigan for over three decades. Transitioning from a couple to a single person is hard on everyone involved; Mr. Shafer wants to make this change as painless as possible and will stand by your side through every challenge your separation involves. Don’t wait, call his office today and set up a consultation. | <urn:uuid:1f106616-008c-4e33-a5f0-b984b4d6b624> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://stushafer.com/couples-need-divorce-experts/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510259.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20230927035329-20230927065329-00821.warc.gz | en | 0.978926 | 662 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Information Systems Auditor: Governance and Management
This course prepares you for the CISA examination by examining the second chapter of the CISA - the process of auditing the operations and management of the IT department.
The CISA examination is very difficult and requires extensive knowledge in many areas. This course, Information Systems Auditor: Governance and Management, addresses the second of the five chapters of topics covered in ISACA's CISA examination. First, you'll look at how best to align your IT strategy with your organizational strategy, as well as how to audit the governance and management of your IT Department. Next, you'll get to understand the risk management process before seeing auditing of IT systems management. You'll finish the course with seeing some of the techniques used by an IT Auditor and the role of the information systems auditor in regard to business continuity planning. After completing this course, you will be familiar with the concepts, tools, and techniques used in auditing the operations and management of the IT department in an organization.
Course SyllabusCourse Overview- 2m 6s
—Course Overview 2m 6sAligning IT Strategy with Organizational Strategy- 29m 24s
—Aligning IT Strategy with Organizational Strategy 8m 19s
—Corporate Governance 7m 46s
—Processes of IT Governance 7m 47s
—Information Security Governance 5m 30sEnterprise IT Governance- 1h 8mRisk Management- 25m 23sIT Management Practices- 1h 20mAuditing IT Operations- 31m 58sBusiness Continuity Planning- 1h 10m | <urn:uuid:bbdeca2b-ae86-41fe-ad51-1dbcf9b6512e> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.mytechlogy.com/Online-IT-courses-reviews/19440/information-systems-auditor-governance-and-management/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646350.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20230610200654-20230610230654-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.898789 | 347 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Romanesque Paris — Hybrid Creatures
One thing that fascinates me most about Paris architecture are the changes that a structure undergoes over time. For example, medieval churches sometimes took so long to build that the style mutated mid-construction, producing hybrids. I visited two hybrid churches in Paris built during the transition between Romanesque and Gothic styles: Église Saint-Germain-des-Prés and Église St-Julien-le-Pauvre.
Unlike other places in Europe, Paris does not have a “purely” Romanesque church. Although Romanesque was an international architectural style, it didn’t last as long in Paris, where the Gothic mania for height and light had already taken hold.
(Actually, Paris does have a purely Romanesque church, but it’s in a category of its own. I’ll save it for the end of the post.)
Saint-Germain-des-Prés, the oldest church in Paris, was built during the 11th and 12th centuries on the ruins of Merovingian churches destroyed by marauding Vikings. Like those earlier unprotected churches, Saint-Germain-des-Prés was built in the fields (“des prés“), outside city walls.
The squared and heavyset bell tower with its arched windows is solidly Romanesque:
Inside, the church’s nave and choir could be described as a harmonized blend of Romanesque and early Gothic, or Romano-Gothic. The curved arches in the nave echo the older Romanesque style, whereas the vaulted ceiling — while not yet soaring — registers “Gothic.”
The pillars and columns of the interior are being restored to reveal vivid colours and patterns:
St-Julien-le-Pauvre, with it heavy columns, thick walls, and rounded arches and windows, is the most consistently Romanesque church in Paris. Even so, a vaulted Gothic choir with pointed windows (to the right in the image below) was appended later.
Like a hybrid creature in a medieval bestiary, a Romanesque elephant’s body acquired a Gothic lion’s head.
The orphan Romanesque bell tower: Tour Clovis
Another surviving Romanesque bell tower of Paris is Tour Clovis, which was attached to the medieval Abbey Church of Ste-Geneviève. The abbey church was destroyed — not by Viking invasions, but during the French Revolution. Only the bell tower survived, which was later incorporated into Lycée Henri IV.
The lower part of the tower dates from the 11th century; the upper half was added later, in the 15th century.
St-Martin-des-Champs Priory (Musée des Arts et Métiers)
The Musée des Arts et Métiers, located in the Gothic monastery of Saint-Martin-des-Champs, was closed for renovations during my last two visits to Paris. It tops my list for next time.
Below, the Romanesque apse and adjacent Statue of Liberty:
Paris’ imitation Romanesque church: Notre Dame de la Gare
Notre Dame de la Gare (named after the Gare District) offers Paris what she lacks: a Romanesque church from start to finish. To be accurate: Romanesque Revival, of the mid-19th century.
The three apses of Note Dame de la Gare, characteristic of Romanesque style:
Semi-circular arch above the portal, à la Romanesque:
From certain vantage points, Notre Dame de la Gare appears more Romanesque than Romanesque. Another touch of authenticity: It’s a bit dark inside . . .
The painting on the ceiling of the apse reflects the Byzantine influence on Romanesque churches, consistent with the Romanesque style of the 11th and 12th centuries. Gold stars on a dark green field provide a backdrop for paintings of a Virgin in Majesty and a crucifix.
The choir: rounded, rhythmic arches with modern frescoes: | <urn:uuid:e5095649-31b1-4e43-b8b7-c65e6aefe2b2> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://rogueembryo.com/2020/12/04/paris-wanderlust-romanesque-paris-hybrid-creatures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703518240.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119103923-20210119133923-00219.warc.gz | en | 0.912466 | 878 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Adopt-an-Animal: Southern Two-toed Sloth
Southern two-toed sloths spend most of their time high up in the forest canopy. Their diet of vegetation takes a long time to digest and food can remain in the digestive tract for up to a month. Because they spend most of their time hanging in trees, their fur grows in the opposite direction of other mammals and has special grooves in it which hosts algae, which serves as camouflage. They are between 21 – 29 inches in length and weigh between 8 – 17 pounds. They have four long limbs with two toes on their front feet and three toes on their back feet and their teeth grow continuously and are worn down by their diet of leaves. Southern two-toed sloths are primarily nocturnal and solitary animals and can live up to 20 years in the wild and 30 – 40 years in captivity.
Your gift will be used to support the San Francisco Zoological Society and further our mission to connect people to wildlife, inspire caring for nature and advance conservation action. An adoption of a sloth makes a great gift for friends, coworkers, family or for yourself!
All sales are final.
Adopt Me Today | <urn:uuid:2f03a947-606c-4c29-893f-3ef4f5eec57d> | CC-MAIN-2017-47 | http://www.sfzoo.org/support/donate/adopt/adopt-sloth.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-47/segments/1510934806620.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20171122175744-20171122195744-00529.warc.gz | en | 0.965811 | 243 | 2.984375 | 3 |
Einstein's Puzzle is a logic puzzle that takes considerable deductive reasoning ability and deductive powers to solve. Creating the structure needed to solve it by machine is useful for illustrating the challenges facing a general problem-solving system.
There are many descriptions of the puzzle on-line:
Einstein's Puzzle is a riddle which requires applying some common-sense reasoning and using logical deduction. It is a bounded problem, but is not all that small: approximately a dozen common-sense rules must be applied to fifteen facts in order to obtain a solution. The challenge is then two-fold:
- Express the facts in as "natural" a fashion as possible, so that they are close to how they might be expressed in the English language. The point here is that it is relatively straight-forward to use a natural language parser (e.g. RelEx) and have that generate fairly uniform logical statements (e.g. RelEx2Logic)
- Express the deductive rules in a "common-sense" fashion. Again, these should be close to a natural form: e.g. "If A is a neighbor of B, then B is a neighbor of A"
Hand-crafting the above sets of facts and rules is a challenge; its not something that can be done in an afternoon. Performing this exercise exposes a number of issues that must be dealt with in general problem solving. The exercise is worthy, as it illustrates just how hard common-sense puzzle-solving can be.
Note, however, the challenge for the computer is rather different than the challenge for the human. Given a set of deductive rules, the computer can very rapidly explore all of them, to obtain an answer. By contrast, a human thinker is quite slow in progressing from one mode of deduction to another. There's also another contrast: the human can rapidly draw on a large bank of common-sense knowledge (e.g. facts about neighbors, the fact that a house can have only one occupant, etc.) By contrast, the computer has no innate, common-sense logic, and the challenge is to provide enough deductive rules that can be applied to obtain an answer.
The puzzle is an example of a "constraint satisfaction problem". What this means is that naive forward reasoning is not enough to solve the problem (where 'naive forward reasoning' is the application of deductive rules to facts; so for example, given the fact 'the green house is next to the white house' (expressed as a couple of EvaluationLinks) and a deduction rule 'if X is next-to Y then Y is next-to X' (a relatively basic BindLink), one may deduce that 'the white house is next to the green house'.)
That is, simply applying deduction rules to existing facts, to generate yet more facts, is not enough to solve the problem, at least not in the naive way.
To solve a constraint satisfaction problem, one must generate a set of hypothesis, and discard those that fail to be consistent with all of the rules and facts. So, for example, one generates the hypothesis: 'the Brit lives in 1st house', 'lives in 2nd house', '3rd', '4th', '5th'. For each of these hypothesis, one must and then recursively apply all rules, and validate against all facts. If a contradiction is found, the hypothesis must be judged false.
For 'crisp logic' facts and rules, high-performance, efficient constraint satisfaction solvers are known. Most of these are based on the DPLL Algorithm, such as the solvers for Answer Set Programming (ASP) and Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). The challange for OpenCog is to develop a set of algorithms that work reasonably efficiently for probabilistic logic, and approach the performance of the DPLL algorithm when the facts and rules are know with high probability to be true or false.
Several variants are have been partially developed in opencog. One is based on the action planner; another uses simple deduction, using the pattern matcher. A tutorial on how to solve this puzzle using OpenCog is under development: see Einstein's Puzzle Tutorial. Note that this tutorial is very incomplete, and ahem, probably needs a major overhaul.
The EinsteinUTest is a unit test for the pattern matcher, and currently provides the most complete demonstration of solving the puzzle. The facts can be found in the file test/query/deduct-einstein.scm and the "common-sense" deductive rules can be found in test/query/deduct-rules.scm. | <urn:uuid:f406b026-8bfe-4e4e-b0de-907733513ec7> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://wiki.opencog.org/w/Einstein's_Puzzle | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131300031.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172140-00185-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941398 | 963 | 3.71875 | 4 |
This space game with 24 cards is an I Have.. Who Has game to practice the concepts in the study of the solar system. Perfect for the whole class or small groups.
Pass the cards out, one student asks the question from their card and the game begins! Black and white and color versions included.
This game is perfect for review or the beginning of a space unit to assess prior knowledge. Use the black and white version as an answer key.
Solar System Research Project | <urn:uuid:a30ba7ed-edd9-4e57-80ba-c06d10c28c15> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Solar-System-Game-2604577 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917122726.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031202-00340-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919981 | 97 | 2.515625 | 3 |
|Digital-Desert : Mojave Desert||Visit us on Facebook -- Desert Gazette -- Desert Link|
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Regional History -
Chimney Rock(c)Cindy Lazenby - Lucerne Valley, CA
Chimney Rock in Lucerne Valley was the site of the last Indian fight in California. To understand the climax of the battle, we must first go back to the events leading up to the historic fight. Indians had used the mountain areas of San Bernardino for many years to supply food for their families. When the white man began cutting down trees and building sawmills, the Indians felt their hunting grounds were being ruined. This began a campaign to rid the area of the white man.(1)
In 1863 the Indians killed a Spanish man named Polito at the mouth of the Little Sand Canyon. As they escaped, the Indians stole a mule from Sam Pine and ate it. A short time after that, they shot a horse and mule belonging to W. F. Holcolmb and Pete Smith. About the same time the Indians shot Dr. Smith in Cajon Pass but did not kill him. Bill Holcomb formed a posse and followed the Indians but had to give up the chase for lack of provisions. Meanwhile in Cajon Pass, S. P. Waite killed an Indian when he shot at an object a blue jay was darting after. He did not realize until the next morning that the object he shot at was an Indian. (4) and (5)
In 1866 J. W. Gillette, Ed Parrish, and Nephi Bemis (3) started out to round up some stray cattle at the Dunlap Ranch. Gillette's mule was worn out so he was sent back to get Pratt Whiteside to take his place. Gillette stayed with the herd Whiteside had been guarding. A while later the horses of Parrish and Bemis came back; the Parrish horse had blood on the saddle. Gillette went back to the ranch house to inform a sick Mr. Dunlap of the discovery and to gather more men and arms.
The body of Bemis was found about sundown. The searchers found evidence that he had been killed by about 30 or 40 Chemehuevi Indians. The bodies of Whiteside and Parrish were found the next morning. Parrish still had a stone in his hand that he had been using to defend himself. The Indians had taken the clothing from all three bodies along with Whiteside's riding rig and pistol. The Indians returned to the desert that evening after eating Whiteside's horse. (2)
The following winter in 1867, the Indians returned to the mountains and looted some houses in Little Bear Valley. From there they went to the home of Bill Kane and stole the horses, supplies and guns of George Lish and John Dewitt. The next morning, Frank Talmage, Jonathan Richardson, George Armstrong, and Bill Kane started after the Indians. The men went back to Kane's home and found it burned to the ground and all items the Indians could not carry had been destroyed.
The families of the men were protected at the mill, and help from San Bernardino was on the way, so the men continued to track the Indians through some new fallen snow. This made the hunt easier. At Willow Canyon they saw eight Indians. Talmage and Kane chased after them with their horses and Richardson and Armstrong followed with the pack animal on foot.
The Indians hid behind a log. Kane was on top of them but didn't realize it. The Indians shot Kane's horse and it threw him off. Kane lost his gun but still had his pistol. The Indians were trying to kill Kane, who was behind a tree, but Talmage arrived in tine to prevent it. Talmage killed one Indian and the others scattered. The men returned to the mill to get more ammunition and more men to help fight the Indians.
The next day Talmage, Kane, Richardson and Armstrong were joined by William Caley, A.J. Currey, "Noisy" Tom Enrufty, Henry Law, George Lish, Tom Welty, Frank Blair, and Joab Roar. In some thick timber at the top of the first ridge past the mill, the posse met up with about sixty Indians. The Indians opened fire with guns and bows and arrows. After several hundred shots were fired, the Indians took their wounded and headed for the desert. The posse let them go and returned to the mill with their wounded. Tom Welty had been shot in the shoulder and Bill Kane in the leg. One Indian had been killed.
More men and supplies arrived from San Bernardino. The posse split up with some men some going through the mountains and the others going through Cajon Pass. They met at the Dunlap ranch on the Mojave River. This posse consisted of W.F. Holcomb, Jack Martin, John St. John, Samuel Bemis, Edwin Bemis, Bill Bemis, Harrison Bemis, Bart Smithson, John McGarr, Johnathan Richardson, Frank Blair, George Armstrong, George Birdwell, Joseph Mecham, Jack Ayres, George Miller and an unknown man. The posse located the Indians on a rocky mountain northwest of Rabbit Springs. Three or four men became sick and went home, but a few additional men arrived the next day. David Wixom, 'Noisy' Tom Enrufty, Sam Button, a preacher named Stout, Stout's son and son-in-law (Griffith) joined the posse.
That night the men divided into two parties St. John was leader of the party who went north of the mountain and Stout was leader of the party of men who took the wagon road. The north party arrived late, and at daylight the south party was already in place. The south party saw no Indians, fired some shots to let the north party know where they were, and started back down to the wagons. The noise woke the Indians who only saw the south party and they began to try and cut the men off from the wagons. The north party began to climb the rocks and were unseen by the Indians until they were upon them. The arrows and bullets began to fly and Richardson was struck in the breast with an arrow. He fell into the arms of George Miller who tried to remove the arrow but could not get the tip out. Miller went to get help but met St. John along the way. St. John told him guard a pile of rocks the Indians were escaping through. Miller was to try and stop their escape while St. John went to get the other men.
The Indians yelled like coyotes during the battle and all escaped except two squaws, a fourteen year old boy, a ten year old girl, and a baby. The Indians were surprised by the attack and scattered when they thought they were trapped. The men took the prisoners and Richardson back to the wagons. Holcomb, Button, Armstrong, and Blair took Richardson to San Bernardino for medical attention. The next day, Martin, Miller, Bill Bemis, and Ed Bemis went back to the battle scene to pick up the Indians' trail. When they found the trail, they discovered that the Indians had gotten together again. From the tracks, they determined that there were about 150 or 200 Indians. They heard a shot but decided to turn around because it was almost sundown and they had a six mile walk back to camp with no water. The next morning all the men except three who stayed in camp picked up the trail where it had been left the evening before. The men discovered from the tracks that the Indians had been close to them on both sides of the canyon; had they gone any further the evening before, they would have all been killed.
They followed the tracks traveling in a half circle until 3:00 in the afternoon. They decided to return to camp which was closer to them now than when they had left that morning. They met Stout's son who had two extra horses, a canteen of water, and a lunch for his father and brother-in-law. These three decided to continue and follow the Indians against the advice of St. John and Martin. When the other men at camp began to eat their dinner, they heard gunshots. Miller looked through a field glass and saw Stout's son coming on a bald faced horse across the dry lake. The men in camp hurried to help and arrived just in time to save the two men the Indians were closing in on. Stout's horse had been shot and his son-in-law had a broken arm. The Indians had lain in wait in the rocks and opened fire on them as they came through a small pass. The posse exchanged fire with the Indians and they again scattered. The men took Stout's wounded son-in-law back to camp. The posse decided that after men left to take him to San Bernardino for medical treatment, there would not be enough men left to fight the Indians so they all went back home. This ended a thirty two day campaign against the Indians and stopped the Indians' mountain raiding parties. (4) and (5)
Many newspaper and magazine articles were written about this event; however, I wanted to base this paper on eyewitness accounts of the events. I spent considerable time researching old documents and microfilm archives at the California Room of the San Bernardino City Library. I went through the accounts and tried to put the stories of J. W. Gillette, the eyewitness at the Dunlap ranch incident, together with the letter from George Miller, and the interview Miller gave in 1937 of his Chimney Rock battle in the proper time sequence.
The article by William Talmage gives much information; however, he was not an eyewitness and was only retelling stories of his father, Frank Talmage. I only used his information on the speculated reasons the Indians began the attacks.
The article by Phil Perretta was only used to supply the first name of Ed Parrish.
(1) Talmage, William S. as told to John F. Barry "Indian Massacre in Lucerne Valley". San Bernardino Sun Covered Wagon Days Edition Nov. 13. 1938. Frank Talmage's son tells of his childhood remembrances and blames the raids on the white man's lumbering which threatened the Indians hunting.
(2) Gillette. J.W. "An 1866 Witness Describes Indians - Historic Bloody Massacre Seen". San Bernardino Museum Association Quarterly Vol. 5 No. 3, March 31st. 1866. A letter addressed to the widow of H. F. Parrish fromJ. W. Gillette describes the killing of the cowboys on the Dunlap ranch, states that the Indians are Chemehuevi.
(3) Perretta, Phil "The Battle at Chimney Rock" Spring 1986 Billy Holcomb Chapter E. Clampus Vitus. Paper explains the Chimney Rock and Dunlap Ranch incidents. Gives first names of the cowboys killed on the Dunlap ranch.
(4) Mills. Dr. H.W. "De Palo Astilla" Historical Society of Southern California Annual 1917, Gives an eyewitness account of the Chimney Rock battle in a letter dated July 18, 1916 by George Miller. States the Indians are Piute, Chemehuevi, and a few renegades.
(5) Momyer. George P. "The Mojave Indian Fight". San Bernardino Museum Association Quarterly Vol. 9 No. 2 winter 1962. Written in 1937, this is an account of an 87 year old George Miller telling of his Chimney Rock battle. It conflicts in a few areas with the "De Palo Astilla" letter.
The 1866 Summit Valley Massacre
The Great Indian Fight at Little Bear Valley
"Late in 1867, Major William Redwood Price, at Fort Mojave, negotiated a treaty of peace with 60 "well-armed Pah-Ute warriors," and kept a number of hostages at the fort to ensure that the peace would be kept (Casebier 1973:60-64). At the other end of the Mojave trail, where Indians had burned and looted in the vicinity of Lake Arrowhead and Bear Valley, settlers organized a surprise attack on Indians assembled at Chimney Rock, overlooking Rabbit Lake. Warned of the impending attack, most of them fled into the desert, but the settlers pursued them for 32 days and many lost their lives. Price's treaty and the settlers' military actions brought peace to the Mojave Desert (Beattie and Beattie 1951:421)."
- Chemehuevi Indians, American Period
Conflicts between Indians and white settlers over the rich lands of the San Bernardino Mountains culminated in the battle at Chimney Rock on February 16, 1867. Although the Indians defended themselves fiercely, they were forced to retreat into the desert. In the years following, the Indians' traditional mountain food gathering areas were lost to white encroachment.
Another Account . . .
by John Brown Jr. - History of San Bernardino County, Vol. I - 1922
The Battle of Chimney RockTypical of the troubles of the times is the following article from a local newspaper of February, 1867:' "For several years past our citizens have been greatly annoyed by roving bands of Indians who come into the valley and steal all the horses and cattle they find unguarded. Nor do they hesitate to attack stockmen and travelers, if an opportunity offers. Already Messrs. Parish, Bemus [Beamis] and Whiteside and a dozen others have fallen victims to their bloodthirstiness within the past four years.
Growing bolder by impunity, on the 29th of January they attacked the sawmill of Mr. James, upon the mountain, a few miles east of this place, having previously robbed the house of Mr. Cain, carrying ofif five horses and burned down the house. The party at the mill, consisting of Messrs. Armstrong, Richardson, Cain and Tahnadge [Talmadge], sallied out to meet them.
A brisk fight followed, when the party, finding that most of the Indians had guns, and fearful of being overpowered, retreated to the mill. The next morning the party having been reinforced went out and were attacked again, the fight lasting for more than an hour. Two of the white men were wounded and two Indians killed and three wounded.
A party was made up to pursue these Indians, and after following them found the Indians encamped on the desert at Rabbit Springs. The company made an attack, the men having to climb up the steep mountains and over the rocks on all fours and the skirmishing lasted until dark.
The skirmishing lasted for two days longer when the whites were compelled to withdraw because supplies were exhausted. Four Indians were killed and two of the white party wounded." The Mojave region came under the protection of Camp Cody [Cady], which was established as a regular military post in 1868, on the road between Wilmington and Northern Arizona territory, and about 100 troops under Colonel Ayers remained here until about 1870.
Chimney Rock - (c)Jean Goldbransen 1963
|Introduction:: Nature:: Map:: Points of Interest:: Roads & Trails:: People & History:: Ghosts & Gold:: Communities:: BLOG:: :?:: glossary|
Country Life Realty
Links to Desert Museums
Copyright ©Walter Feller. All rights reserved. | <urn:uuid:b6985c55-b941-4394-84e3-7af6c69f27a5> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://digital-desert.com/places/chimney-rock.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500158.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230205000727-20230205030727-00607.warc.gz | en | 0.971801 | 3,302 | 2.609375 | 3 |
The Independent Schools Council recently commissioned a report by Farrer & Co into the impact of historical child abuse cases and the lessons that can be learnt to increase awareness and inspire practice change to minimise risk to children in the future. The report titled "Child Sex Abuse in Schools: Lessons from history, guidance for the future" consists of an in-depth analysis of historic cases, identifying the various risk factors leaving individual children open to abuse and suggesting methods that can be implemented by schools to minimise risk moving forwards.
The report, whilst lengthy, is an interesting and informative read for all those involved in the Education sector, and indeed anyone involved with safeguarding children. The report details recent high-profile cases and seeks to identify the various factors in play that placed those particular children at risk. It is hoped that by identifying and publicising the risk areas, education providers can pre-empt hot spots and take action to protect and safeguard children. The evolution of safeguarding practice over time has already addressed many areas of risk but there is still always room for improvement, and the need for those entrusted with safeguarding children to continually review, assess and improve provision is ongoing.
Although many areas are discussed in depth, some interesting areas to note are:
- An area of high risk was remote or isolated areas on site or on trips/residentials that could be used by offenders to carry out abuse. Most schools built in recent times have adopted a design ensuring that there are no blind corners, or places where individuals can be isolated from other staff members and pupils. Most modern classroom doors have windows too for example. In older buildings there are often more isolated spots. The report recommends that institutions carry out a risk assessment of their site, and also the practices put in place during trips in order to identify locations or practices which could assist offending behaviour.
- 'Cultural slippage' was a recurring factor in recent cases of child sexual abuse. Cultural slippage was described as the 'gradual and ultimately accepted breach of the agreed rules or standards, that resulted in an environment were opportunities for abuse were created.' The more lax compliance with safeguarding standards became, the more opportunities offenders had to access children, and the more any instances identified as warning signs of abuse were overlooked. This reinforces the need to ensure that the need for safeguarding and implementation of safeguarding practices pervades and dictates the entire environment of the school. By a rigid adherence to policies and practices the opportunities for offenders to carry out abuse are severely restricted and by prioritising safeguarding, other staff members who may notice warning signs will feel comfortable coming forward.
- The difficulties managing parents' concerns should external referrals be necessary are highlighted. Parents can be concerned due to concerns about their child being labelled a victim, having to be a witness in a criminal prosecution, the validity of claims the child has made and the possibility they'll be considered a troublemaker. The report advocates a 'no surprises approach' with parents being informed from first contact that safeguarding is taken seriously and that a multi-agency approach is implemented where necessary.
- The report emphasises that institutions should exercise a 'low threshold' for agency referrals, stressing that if you need to think twice you should refer it. Research identified a common theme in cases of recurring abuse was internal confusion between criminal and internal disciplinary processes which work to two different standards of proof. Too often no internal action is taken because criminal proceedings are not pursued. Although evidence may not be sufficient to pursue criminal proceedings, where there is evidence of inappropriate conduct from a disciplinary perspective there may be the possibility of taking associated action and a TRA/DBS referral may be necessary. Behaviour does not need to amount to criminal behaviour to merit disciplinary action or dismissal. Even where a pupil or parents withhold consent, there is still an obligation to investigate.
The report also lists factors that can make a child vulnerable and more susceptible to grooming and abuse, incorporating factors recognised by the World Health Organisation. Education providers should be aware that children affected by the following issues maybe at a heightened risk of abuse:
- Disability or special education needs
- Family divorce or separation
- Homesickness in the case of children at boarding school
- Friendship problems
- Performance anxiety
- Examination nerves
- Unaccompanied children
- Children in foster care, adopted children, or stepchildren
- Physically or mentally handicapped children
- History of past abuse
- War/armed conflict and/or refugees
- Psychological or cognitive vulnerability
- Single parent homes
- Social isolation (e.g. lacking an emotional support network)
- Parents with mental illness, or alcohol or drug dependency
The list is not exhaustive, but indicative to those who work with children of the likely issues to impact on a child's welfare.
Essentially, the pervading message of the report is that transparency, visibility, awareness and the prioritising of safeguarding are the keys to protecting children. Knowledge and procedure are key. Safeguarding isn't a passive suggested structure in the background of working practices. It should be the working, living practice of life within the school environment, with staff prioritising and implementing safeguarding practices in everything they do with awareness and understanding every minute of the working day and beyond. By placing safeguarding at the forefront of its educational provision, providers can ensure that they have done all they can to protect all children in their care.
The report can be accessed at - https://www.farrer.co.uk/globalassets/clients-and-sectors/safeguarding/child-sexual-abuse-in-schools---lessons-from-history-guidance-for-the-future.pdf
For more information contact Joshua Burke in our Employment & HR department via email or phone on 01772 200155. | <urn:uuid:b30ef17a-08bd-4ee3-9e54-8da2953ef562> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.forbessolicitors.co.uk/news/46813/new-insight-into-and-guidance-on-child-sexual-abuse-in-schools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655899931.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709100539-20200709130539-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.950702 | 1,176 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Your body needs fat.
Real fat. Saturated fat. Cholesterol. Yep, your body needs it.
If you missed yesterday’s post about where the ridiculous fat-phobia came from, hop on over and take a good read. Today’s post is dedicated to all the reasons your body needs fat.
Why your body needs fat:
Experts and scientists are finally talking about the essential benefits of fat. When you consider that our brains are more than two-thirds fat, and that our brain cell membranes are made of Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs), it’s easy to see that our cognitive abilities depend on adequate and quality fat intake. But beyond this fats provide nutrition that is essential for (1):
- Brain and other vital organ function
- Hormone health
- healthy skin, eyes, and bones
- Reproductive health
What kind of fats do we need?
For thousands of years our ancestors knew that fat was special. They didn’t have terms like “calories,” “unsaturated,” or “per gram” in their vocabulary. But they did know that fat filled them up. They knew that they could eat fat and feel satisfied. More importantly, they knew that it provided them with health, vitality, and energy.
The body needs an abundant supply of the fat-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble activators that are only found in animal fats. In fact, all of those good-intentioned veggies that you put on your plate should be eaten with fat to help with vitamin and mineral absorption. (Yeah, carrots and butter are better than just plain ole’ carrots.) Similarly, protein can’t be assimilated without fat either. In fact, a study of over 1,700 Swedish men showed that consumption of fruits and veggies was associated with a lower risk of heart disease, but only when combined with full-fat dairy consumption (2).
The seductive flavors of fat-rich foods tempt us for good reasons. Unlike sugar—which offers no nutrition—a meal with animal fat actually helps us absorb and taste other nutrient. This is why butter makes other foods taste so delicious. And because animal fats contains cholesterol—a natural appetite suppressant—they satisfy in a way that little else can” (3)
Nutrient-rich, traditional fats have nourished healthy populations for thousands of years. These fats include(4):
- Beef and lamb tallow
- Chicken, goose, and duck fat
- Coconut, palm, and sesame oils
- Cold pressed olive oils
- Cold pressed flax oils (sparingly)
- Fish oils
But aren’t these loaded with saturated fat? Isn’t that bad?
Real fat is good fat. So I’m going to say it again: Your body NEEDS fat.
Guess what? Saturated fat is real fat, which means you body needs that kind of fat, too. It is also essential.
Saturated fat contains lauric acid—a beneficial fatty acid. Not only has it been shown to increase your HDL good cholesterol levels significantly, but it is also lacking in most Americans diet and has even been shown to have some powerful immune-boosting effects. It is even being studied currently in HIV/AIDS research to help improve immune function in patients (5). Researchers are also discovering that saturated fats can actually prevent heart disease (6).
Did you know that there are several well known tribes in Africa… the Masai, Samburu, and Fulani tribes… where their diet consists mostly of raw (unpasteurized) whole milk, lots of red meat, and cows blood? The typical members of these tribes eat 5x the average amount of saturated fat compared to overweight, disease-ridden Americans.
Despite their very high saturated fat intake, they display extremely low body fat levels, and heart disease and diabetes to natives of the tribe is virtually non-existent (7).
Huzzah! Fat is good! Let’s go wild!
Sure your body needs fat, but before you get too excited and bust out the Oreos, keep in mind that there are some bad fats out there. Really bad fats. The real problem is fake or artificial fats. The kind of fats that get altered for various reasons—like hydrogenated trans fat that were created to prolong shelf life of other fake and processed foods.
Of all the dietary changes attending modernization, nothing compares to what we’ve done with fats and oils. Over the past 100 years in the US, our fat intake has gone from largely animal-based and natural to plant-based and so unnatural that our bodies can’t adapt.” (3)
Our “new-fangled” fats like all hydrogenated oils, soy, corn and safflower oils, cottonseed oil, and canola oil are very problematic. These fats are heated to very high temperatures in processing (or when frying or cooking) and have been shown to cause cancer, heart disease, immune system dysfunction, sterility, learning disabilities, growth problems and osteoporosis. These fake fats are definitely doing their part in our obesity and disease epidemic (8).
Eat natural fats and avoid processed ones. This formula works because nature doesn’t make bad fat, factories do
~Catherine Shanahan, MD.
Remember: Listen to your body
With all this information it’s easy to feel overwhelmed, especially if you start reading labels (because fake fats are in so many processed foods–even the “healthy” stuff like salad dressings). I don’t think this information is meant to convince people that they need to be like the Masai and eat only red meat and cows blood. My family does eat meat, but sparingly. I also think that it’s possible to live a healthy lifestyle on a Vegetarian diet (as long as you include a lot of high quality dairy and eggs). I personally don’t think a Vegan diet makes sense from a purely healthy perspective (although I have plenty of Vegan friends who are awesome and I’m sure would disagree).
Remember: there is no one way to live healthy. Civilization across the globe have lived and flourished for thousands of years on a variety of diets. But they do have a few things in common:
- They ate real fats. High quality fats.
- They didn’t eat processed food. No wrappers. No barcodes.
- They didn’t eat animal products pumped full of hormones, antibiotics, or diseased from inhumane practices.
- They recognized that food was nourishment.
- They took time with their food. There was no such thing as “fast food.”
- They recognized the importance of food in shaping future generations.
I hope you will see the importance of fat and of all the macro and micro-nutrients (in other words, don’t go replacing a low-fat diet with a low-carb one). Seeking out nutrient-dense foods is imperative for our children and our children’s children.
Delight in fatness, y’all!
3. Shanahan, Dr. Catherine. Deep Nutrition: Why your genes need traditional food, 2008. | <urn:uuid:1eef9b31-c3a1-4fc9-a8e8-c6dc468c115c> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | http://www.thankyourbody.com/why-your-body-needs-fat/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698543577.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170903-00193-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942291 | 1,514 | 2.5625 | 3 |
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|Name||Proto-Germanic||Old English||Old Norse|
|Shape||Elder Futhark||Futhorc||Younger Futhark|
|Position in rune-row||16||11|
*Sowilō or *sæwelō is the reconstructed Proto-Germanic language name of the s-rune, meaning "sun". The name is attested for the same rune in all three Rune Poems. It appears as Old Norse sól, Old English sigel, and Gothic sugil.
The Germanic words for "Sun" have the peculiarity of alternating between -l- and -n- stems, Proto-Germanic *sunnon (Old English sunne, Old Norse, Old Saxon and Old High German sunna) vs. *sôwilô or *saewelô (Old Norse sól, Gothic sauil, also Old High German forms such as suhil).
This continues a Proto-Indo-European alternation *suwen- vs. *sewol- (Avestan xweng vs. Latin sōl, Greek helios, Sanskrit surya, Welsh haul, Breton heol, Old Irish suil "eye"), a remnant of an archaic, so-called "heteroclitic", declension pattern that remained productive only in the Anatolian languages.
The Old English name of the rune, written sigel (pronounced /ˈsɪ.jel/) is most often explained as a remnant of an otherwise extinct l-stem variant of the word for "Sun" (meaning that the spelling with g is unetymological), but alternative suggestions have been put forward.
Development and variants
The Elder Futhark s rune (reconstructed name *Sowilo) is attested in two variants, a Σ shape (four strokes), more prevalent in earlier (3rd to 5th century) inscriptions (e.g. Kylver stone), and an S shape (three strokes), more prevalent in later (5th to 7th century) inscriptions (e.g. Golden horns of Gallehus, Seeland-II-C).
The Younger Futhark Sol and the Anglo-Saxon futhorc Sigel runes are identical in shape, a rotated version of the later Elder Futhark rune, with the middle stroke slanting upwards, and the initial and final strokes vertical.
The Anglo-Saxon runes developed a variant shape (ᚴ), called the "bookhand" s rune because it is probably inspired by the long s (ſ) in Insular script. This variant form is used in the futhorc given on the Seax of Beagnoth.
|Rune Poem:||English Translation:|
Elder Futhark Sowilo rune, earlier ("Σ") variant.
The Sig rune in Guido von List's Armanen Futharkh were very loosely based on the Younger Futhark Sigel, thus changing the concept associated with it from "Sun" to "victory" (German Sieg), arriving Týr" in his row, yielding Sigtýr, a name of Ódin.
It was adapted into the emblem of the SS in 1933 by Walter Heck, an SS-Sturmhauptführer who worked as a graphic designer for Ferdinand Hoffstatter, a producer of emblems and insignia in Bonn. Heck's simple but striking device consisted of two sig runes drawn side by side like lightning bolts, and was soon adopted by all branches of the SS – though Heck himself received only a token payment of 2.5 Reichsmarks for his work. The device had a double meaning; as well as standing for the initials of the SS, it could be read as a rallying cry of "Victory, Victory!". The symbol became so ubiquitous that it was frequently typeset using runes rather than letters; during the Nazi period, an extra key was added to German typewriters to enable them to type the double-sig logo with a single keystroke.
Internationally-renowned American rock band Kiss uses a different logo in Germany than it does for the rest of the world, due to the two 'S's in their logo (which spells out 'KISS') resembling the double-sig rune.
- The Lindholm "amulet" that bears the word Sawilagaz which is interpreted as "the one of the Sun"
- Rune poem
- Sigelwara Land
- Sól (Sun)
- SS unit insignia
- following Jacob Grimm, Über Diphtongen (1845); see also e.g. Joseph Bosworth, A dictionary of the Anglo-Saxon language (1838), s.v. "Sigel"
- Karl Schneider, Die germanischen Runennamen (1956), p. 98; R. W. V. Elliott, Runes: An Introduction (1981), p. 56; Maureen Halsall, The Old English Rune poem: a critical edition (1981), p. 133.
- Original poems and translation from the Rune Poem Page.
- Yenne, Bill (2010). Hitler's Master of the Dark Arts: Himmler's Black Knights and the Occult Origins of the SS. Zenith Imprint. p. 68. ISBN 978-0-7603-3778-3.[unreliable source?]
- Lumsden, p. 18
- Yenne, p. 71 | <urn:uuid:c567f8cd-47ca-4268-a785-810529bd0988> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sig_(rune) | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257821671.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071021-00068-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.878264 | 1,190 | 2.703125 | 3 |
1. How much protein can I absorb per meal?
A lot of people will tell you that you can only absorb ‘X’ amount of protein per meal; this is flat out WRONG! The absorption of protein from a meal is almost never an issue unless a medical condition is present. Your body will absorb all of the protein in a meal and utilize it for various bodily functions. People get stuck thinking that protein is ONLY used for muscle recovery and growth, when in fact only a small amount of the protein you ingest is used for this purpose. As protein travels through the digestive tract, it is broken down into amino acids. The amino acids are then utilized by the small intestines and liver before ever reaching the blood stream. Once in the blood stream, other organs/tissue such as the heart, kidneys, skin, and skeletal muscle use amino acids for energy and repair. When that process is complete, excess amino acids will be stored as fat if you are in a caloric surplus or used for energy production if you are in a deficit.
2. Is high protein bad for you?
Research on healthy individuals has shown NO health problems associated with high protein intake. Studies with protein intakes as high as 1.25 grams per pound of body weight have been performed without adverse side effects. If an individual has some type of kidney disease, it is recommended they talk to their doctor about appropriate protein intake.
3. Does more protein equal more muscle?
More protein does not equal more muscle after a certain point. Recent research has shown that optimal stimulation of muscle growth and repair occurs between 20-30 grams of high quality protein (whey protein) per meal. The same research shows trends (not significant according to researchers) of increased growth and repair with intakes up to 40 grams per meal in an average sized male (160lbs).
The use of whey protein is significant. Whey protein contains the highest concentration of the amino acid LEUCINE.
Leucine is the amino acid believed to be most responsible for increased skeletal muscle growth and repair. For this reason, it may be more important to reach the leucine threshold than the protein threshold when you are looking to gain muscle. Since most meals are mixed with protein sources of lower quality than whey, it is probably safest to consume 30+ grams per meal to maximize muscle protein synthesis.
Whey protein is 11% leucine. Since 20-40grams of whey is needed to maximize muscle growth and repair, you would be consuming 2-4 grams of leucine.
Soy protein is 8% leucine. In order to reach the necessary 2-4 grams of leucine, you would need to consume 25-50grams of soy protein.
Wheat protein is 6.8% leucine. In order to reach 2-4 grams of leucine, you would need to consume 30-60 grams of wheat protein.
Have any other questions about protein?! Email me at [email protected]! | <urn:uuid:b5d4aeb9-5f1a-4882-bc9a-d6e341d63548> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://4afsfit.com/3-protein-myths/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585280.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20211019171139-20211019201139-00453.warc.gz | en | 0.950777 | 621 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Professional Development Offerings
These workshops are each 3 hours long unless otherwise indicated. All workshops can be modified to fit your needs. Workshops are listed in alphabetical order. If you have any questions, please contact me.
21st Century Skills
You've heard the buzz words, you've seen the enthusiasm, now it's time to learn what it really means to prepare our students for the 21st century. Learn how the ISTE NETS, ALA Information Literacy Standards and the Common Core Learning standards work in conjunction to create a literate student in the 21st century. See ways that you can incorporate all of these standards to help your students succeed.
Basic WebPages (using Google Sites)
This workshop will help teachers create and develop their classroom web pages. These teacher web pages offer a greater opportunity for teachers to develop interactive web enriched lessons. They also offer the opportunity for greater electronic communication between teachers, parents and students. This workshop will also provide an opportunity for teachers to add content to their new web pages.
Blogging for Understanding
Learn about blogs, web based tools that allow students a public audience for their work. You will lean about some of the more popular blogging tools as well as how to use them in your classroom. Examples of classroom blogs will also be provided.
One of the easiest ways to prevent inadvertent plagiarism is to require that kids use appropriate citations. Using citations in their work is a practice that should begin in elementary school. By the time they reach college, students should be prepared to use citations in all of their work. Come to this workshop to learn how to begin using citations. You will also learn how to find the information that is required to create proper MLA and APA citations. Take the guesswork out of citations.
Copyright and Plagiarism
In this workshop you will learn about copyright and plagiarism. You will about the acceptable uses of materials in your curriculum. You will also learn about plagiarism, how to detect it, and how to create assignments that minimize the chance of plagiarism. Often, students engage in plagiarism unaware, and by the time they enter college, have attitudes and habits so ingrained that they struggle to catch up with the demands of college.
Creating WebQuests Session I
This workshop focuses on what WebQuest really are and how to create and incorporate them into your curriculum. You will read articles written by the founders of WebQuests, and we will discuss some of the common misunderstandings about WebQuests. You will then be given a template which can be used on your school webpage, to create a WebQuest. Come prepared with a topic in mind that you wish to create a WebQuest for. This workshop will have two sessions, one where you learn about WebQuests and begin to plan, the second where you will continue to develop your Quest.
Creating WebQuests Session II
This workshop focuses on what WebQuest really are and how to create and incorporate them into your curriculum. In this session you will work on your WebQuest, and take steps to ensure that it is a valid teaching tool.
Designing and Facilitating Online Courses: Notes from the Field
Participants will hear about the experience of one teacher who designed and facilitates an online course for high school juniors and seniors. They will hear about what works, and what doesn't in real life as opposed to theory. Topics include the type of student who succeeds, activities that get them involved and theories that just don't work.
Developing Student Research Projects (7 hours)
This workshop will cover the basic research process and how to implement it with your students in the classroom. Additionally, it will cover how to create research projects that are difficult to plagiarize, while forcing the students to engage in higher level thinking. We will also share ideas for using various technology tools to present the research once students have completed it. There will be time to create a research project, including supporting rubrics and handouts for the students.
Digital Story Telling
Technology provides students with powerful and creative tools for authoring. In this workshop you will see example of a multimedia writing projects. The projects integrate technology in a student-centered way, allowing students to develop multimedia biographies and reports. Students can use photos as well as their own drawings/illustrations (which we can scan) to enhance their project. You will learn to use this powerful tool to create a short film of your own. Please bring digital photos and/or printed photos and/or drawings/illustrations which we can scan.
How to Judge a Web Site By it's Cover
We tell our kids that they need to use quality sources of information for research projects, but do we ever tell them what makes a quality information source? Learn how to judge the quality of an information source by asking yourself simple questions. You will create your own evaluation criteria for judging websites, and apply it to websites to see if it works.
Introduction to Google Drive (6 hours)
Learn how to use this tool which allows you to transport files between work and home, regardless of the word processing/spreadsheet/presentation program you use at home. Google drive can also be used for collaborative work that doesn't require participants to even be in the same country! Participants will also learn how to share documents with students, and collect, grade and return assignments digitally.
iPads in the Classroom, an APPetizing Approach
Learn how to enhance your curriculum with 41 free Apps for the iPad. Participants will have time to view and test each app as we discuss how they can easily be incorporated into your existing curriculum. Please come with your own iPad.
The amount of information we have to offer you is astounding. Even more astounding is that you and your students can access it from anywhere, at anytime, in your pajamas if you so choose! Come learn about the databases that we offer and how they can be used in your classroom to enhance student learning and decrease "Googling."
Video Resources in the classroom
Learn about the variety of free video resources available to you, as well as how to overcome obstacles created by the filtering software. We will look at YouTube, TeacherTube, SchoolTube, Video On Demand as well as how to save these videos for playback on any computer.
Web 2.0 for education Session I
Learn some of the latest and greatest web 2.0 technologies. Learn what they are and how they can be incorporated into your curriculum to increase student motivation and achievement. Learn about blogs and wikis, tools and tutors that will motivate your students to engage in academic discourse. Test out tools like Glogster and VoiceThread to have students creating and engaging. You will spend time familiarizing yourself with these tools, and begin to create lesson plans using the 21st Century and Common Core State Standards that utilize these tools.
Web 2.0 for education Session II - Social Networking
Learn some of the latest and greatest web 2.0 technologies. Learn what they are and how they can be incorporated into your curriculum to increase student motivation and achievement. In Session II you will learn about Scoop.it, Paper.li, Twitter, Pinterest and more. You will spend time familiarizing yourself with these tools, and begin to create lesson plans using the 21st Century and Common Core State Standards Standards that utilize these tools.
What to do with WikiPedia
You know that no matter how many times you say it, kids are going to use WikiPedia to do their research. Let's teach them how to do it right. You will be lead through a series of evaluation tips to use to evaluate WikiPedia articles. This workshop will allow you to evaluate WikiPedia entries, and teach your students the key things to look for. This workshop will also include creative ways to incorporate WikiPedia into your curriculum.
Wiki Wiki Wonders
Wiki wiki on the web, how I wonder what was said. Discover these amazing tools that take collaboration and larger audience to a new level. Learn how to create one with your students to meet Common Core State Standards and National technology standards. This workshop will show to the available tools, and then give you an opportunity to create your one for your classroom.
Designing and Facilitating Online Courses: Notes from the Field
Participants will hear about the experience of one teacher who designed and facilitates an online course for high school juniors and seniors. They will hear about what works, and what doesn't in real life as opposed to theory. Topics include the type of student who succeeds, activities that get them involved and theories that just don't work. View Presentation Notes
Increase your hAPPiness with Google Drive
This presentation will cover a number of APPs that can be added to your Google Drive to increase productivity and add functionality. Find ways to use Google Apps in courses like Math, Science and Art. Go beyond sharing and writing, jump in to creating! These APPs can be added to your personal Google Drive or to GAFE schools.
Schoology vs. MyBigCampus
Participants will hear about the differences between these two free Learning Managements Systems, the strengths and weaknesses of each, and what each may be better suited for. Participants will then spend time creating a virtual classroom in the LMS of their choice, with guidance by the presenter.
Take Out Your Cell Phones: 10 Easy Ways to Use Cell Phones in Your Curriculum
Participants will learn about 10 easy and practical ways cell phones can be incorporated into the classroom. This is an interactive presentation that requires participants to do the activities as they are presented. Examples of lessons and student created projects will be provided. Cell phones, iPods or other devices are required for admittance.
Pocket Librarianship - Mobile Learning in the Library
Curious how you can utilize Mobile Learning in your library? Reach your students no matter where they are, as long as they have a device. Join Shannon Mersand as she shows you various ways she incorporates cell phones, tablets and laptops into her library and into classrooms throughout the building. Participants will come away with easy and immediate ways to implement mobile learning projects in your library.
PowerPoint Vs. Prezi: What Both Can Do (Anything you can do, I can do better)
Participants will learn about two powerful presentation tools, PowerPoint and Prezi, what each can do, and what each is best suited for. Presented with a co-presenter in a showdown format, this is a hands-on presentation with participants learning how to use each tool.
What Color is your AuRa? Augmented Reality in Education
Learn what Augmented Reality is and how it can be used in your classroom to enhance teaching and learning. Participants will be introduced to AR technology and ways it has been used to enhance student engagement. Please bring a device (iPad, iPhone, Tablet Computer, Smart Phone, etc) with you. | <urn:uuid:6663cc70-c4c1-42c8-8dda-f8ec1f4e38b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.shannonmersand.com/professional | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652663021405.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220528220030-20220529010030-00041.warc.gz | en | 0.939049 | 2,246 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Today marks GLSEN’s 18th Annual Day of Silence. Students in thousands of middle and high schools across the country and around the world are taking a vow of silence to draw attention to anti-LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) harassment and discrimination in schools.
Here are some facts behind why so many organize and participate in the event:
• Four out of five LGBT students reported being harassed at school in the past year.
• Six out of ten LGBT students said they felt unsafe at school.
• Nearly one in three LGBT students miss school every month because they feel unsafe or uncomfortable.
You can learn more by reading GLSEN’s 2011 National School Climate Survey.
Students typically participate in the Day of Silence by taking a vow of silence throughout the school day, unless asked to participate in class. The event is designed to illustrate the silencing effect of anti-LGBT harassment and discrimination.
This year, we wanted to put a face to the voiceless. We asked Day of Silence participants to take part in our “Selfies for Silence” photo campaign. Individuals were encouraged to snap a photo with a printable Day of Silence sign asking them to share what they are doing to end the silence around anti-LGBT harassment and discrimination.
As a result, GLSEN has been collecting and sharing hundreds of selfies from students and adults across the country.
There are a few who grossly mischaracterize the Day of Silence. On April 4 and 10, Mission: America’s Linda Harvey made a series of false, sensationalized claims about the student-led event. GLSEN produced a video to correct the inaccuracies and underscore the significance of the day.
The Day of Silence continues to be one the largest student-led actions in the country. And support for the day can also be found outside of schools.
Day of Silence resolutions to commemorate the event were introduced in six state legislatures, including California, Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio and West Virginia.
But we need your support too! Snap a selfie for the Day of Silence.
Do you have Twitter? Sign up for our Thunderclap campaign that will allow us to send out a tweet about our upcoming work. And make sure to follow us at @DayOfSilence and use the hashtag #DayOfSilence.
What are you going to do to end the silence?
About Andy Marra
Andy Marra is the Public Relations Manager for the Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network (GLSEN). Previously Andy served as Co-Director Nodutdol for Korean Community Development and Senior Media Strategist for the Gay & Lesbian Alliance Against Defamation (GLAAD). She has also served on boards and advisory councils for the Human Rights Campaign, the National Center for Transgender Equality, the Funding Exchange, Chinese for Affirmative Action, the National Campaign to End the Korean War and the New York Association for Gender Rights Advocacy.
Andy has been honored by the White House for her contributions to the LGBT community and was profiled in The Advocate’s “Forty Under 40.” She is the past recipient of the GLSEN Pathfinder Award, the National Gay & Lesbian Task Force Creating Change Award and the Colin Higgins Foundation Courage Award and was honored by the City of New York for her work in the community. You can follow Andy on Twitter at @Andy_Marra. | <urn:uuid:9a896810-fa33-416e-ad4e-b3c88bbf0cd1> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | http://www.adlibbing.org/2013/04/19/day-of-silence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936463485.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074103-00177-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949924 | 702 | 3.109375 | 3 |
Mathematics for Pc Video games, Introduction to Games Design, Introduction to Games Programming, Fundamentals of Computing, Fundamentals of 3D Graphics.
why does my computer run games slow
GCU’s Laptop Games programmes aim to supply graduates with the correct mix of sensible abilities and technical data to enter the pc games … Read the rest
The core gives a basic and broad research of principle, mathematical basics, programming methodology, pc structure, knowledge constructions, working techniques, and software engineering.
old computer games from the 90's online
No, you’re not mistaken; your youngsters spend plenty of time taking part in video video games. Digital technology has modified … Read the rest | <urn:uuid:25b3daae-be52-45f4-ace2-5d87287faca4> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://niletechnology.net/tag/enhance | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656103624904.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220629054527-20220629084527-00521.warc.gz | en | 0.823106 | 146 | 2.671875 | 3 |
I originally wrote this back in 2012. I came across it recently, and liked it. So I’m republishing it for general information.
Solar Energy Conversion
It all starts by converting a single energy unit from the sun. A photon (a particle that carries electromagnetic force).
A photon particle released from the sun takes about 8 minutes to reach the earth (Wow – even at the speed of light!).
The photon can be harnessed to convert its energy. It’s useful for humans!
Solar Energy per Square Meter
Within each square meter of sunlight that reaches the earth’s upper atmosphere, there are about 1,400 watts of available energy.
The available energy is reduced to about 1,000 watts per square meter by the time it reaches the surface of the earth.
Additional factors reduce this number further. They include one’s geographical location, season, time of day, weather, and the efficiency of the solar energy system.
But that gives you an approximate idea of the available energy from the sun here on earth (per square meter). You might say “about” 800 watts per square meter.
Solar Energy Systems
There are different types of solar energy systems. When thinking of solar power, most people think of solar panels often seen on rooftops. They simply generate electricity (photovoltaic solar panels).
There are also solar panel systems that use heat absorption properties to heat water. Hot water for homes or even for heating swimming pools.
I had one of those, years ago back when we had a swimming pool. We installed black panels (each loaded with smaller tubes) which were really good at heating water that we pumped through the system.
In the desert southwest, large solar electric power generating systems have been built that direct the sun’s energy using a huge bank of mirrors. Together they create a powerful solar beam that focuses light onto a boiler that produces steam. In turn the steam spins a turbine that generates electricity.
There are also a wide variety of solar oven cookers out there:
A selection on Amzn:
solar oven cookers
A solar cooker is a great way to take advantage of the sun’s energy.
(Note: solar cooking typically retains most of the moisture and nutrients of foods. The result tastes great!).
Solar Systems can be Simple
Solar systems, be it for electric power generation or for other energy conversion systems, don’t need to be large and overwhelming to be useful.
The truth is, even small systems are useful. They can be an effective energy solution to assist your needs during a short-term power grid failure, or even longer term.
Having just enough to power a refrigerator and/or freezer, some lights and a radio, may be all you need to save your food and to make it through an event. A larger system will of course increase your creature comforts and could be put to use in many ways. It’s all scalable.
Back to solar oven cooking…
A solar oven can be built fairly easily. There are many plans and designs available on the Internet (and for sale by some manufacturers).
If you are interested in solar energy, this is where I might start. Building a solar oven can be a fun and rewarding project. Even if building things aren’t your thing, buying and using one is also very rewarding. It will save money on electricity/fuel (over time) and will serve as an emergency method of cooking food.
Continue reading: Solar Oven Cooker – A quick look.
Do it Yourself Saves Lots of Money
Building a small electric power generating system with PV solar panels doesn’t have to be very expensive. Although unfortunately they are not cheap either.
A significant amount of money can be saved if you have the skills to plan, purchase, and install the system yourself. Most electric solar power systems can be expanded upon. So you can start small and add on later if you wish.
Solar panels come in a wide range of power-generating sizes, and are priced accordingly.
Some systems are designed to tie into the electric power grid and ‘back feed’ the electricity that you are not consuming to the power utility company for credit.
Other systems are stand-alone (off-grid). They’re usually tied in with a battery storage bank to store and provide power for when the sun is not generating electricity.
The point is, if you are interested in becoming less dependent upon external systems for your energy needs, consider solar. Do some Internet research and discover this alternative energy world and what it can do for you. | <urn:uuid:92fcd2c6-23c9-4ce0-b1e8-da3c7382e77a> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://modernsurvivalblog.com/alternative-energy/solar-energy-a-simple-alternative/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600400193087.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20200920000137-20200920030137-00754.warc.gz | en | 0.940704 | 954 | 2.953125 | 3 |
[*disclaimer: not really 5 mins. Downloading ROS will probably take longer than that lol]
ROS is a really great library for robotics research. It might even be good for not robotic applications, I don’t know, but my general feel is that I like ROS about as much as I like nutella. (read: a lot). The ROS install tutorial is really good at explaining the process, but it’s spread over too many pages and requires too much scrolling. I’ve consolidated the information here in one page for ease of use. Our robotics lab only uses ROS Indigo, so I’m writing install instructions with that in mind. Also, ROS only works well with Ubuntu, so I’m assuming you’re also using the correct OS.
Everything that follows, unless explicitly stated, should be typed in a terminal window. Okay, so the steps:
1. Set up sources.list
We need to add the ROS package sources to our sources list so we can actually find the ROS packages using the apt package manager. Open up a terminal window and paste the following:
2. Set up your keys
Next we need to set up keys so Ubuntu will actually allow us to download + install the packages.
If you get a gpg: keyserver timed out error, use this instead:
3. Install ROS via apt-get
Make sure the apt package index is up to date from when we added those new sources at step 1.
Then install ROS!
There are a couple of flavors of ROS that you can install, but for most applications, you might as well do the full install to make sure you get all the packages you’ll ever need.
4. Initialize rosdep
Before we can use ROS, we need to initialize rosdep. rosdep enables ROS to easily install dependancies when necessary, and is required for some core ROS functionality.
5. Temporarily source ROS setup.bash
In order to do the rest of setup, we need to temporarily source the default setup.bash so that we can actually run the ROS commands. If this step is skipped, the terminal won’t be able to recognize commands like
This step is explained more in step 7.
6. Create a ROS workspace
All the packages that we do work in will need to be in a workspace. A workspace is required as a place where all the catkin packages (ROS’s method of compiling code) are kept and built. You can read more about it here, but the core concept is that your packages will go in catkin_ws/src/.
So let’s make one! Open a new terminal window and type the following:
You will now have an empty workspace. Now we “build” the workspace to get the required development files we’ll need to set up our environment for working in ROS at a later time.
The catkin_make command is a convenience tool for working with catkin workspaces. If you look in your current directory you should now have a “build” and “devel” folder.
7. Source workspace setup.bash [important!]
Since all of the code we work with will be in the catkin_ws, we need to source ROS such that we’re overlaying the setup files from the workspace instead of the /opt folder where we installed ROS. This will allow you to run
Open up the bashrc in a text editor. I like to use gedit, but you can use vim, or whatever is easiest for you.
Will open up a window with your current bashrc. Scroll to the bottom, comment out the default ROS setup.bash that was sourced on step 5 and add the new one. Example of what your bashrc should look like at the bottom is below.
8. Download ROS beginner tutorials, and off you go~
Now that you’ve installed ROS and have a workspace, you’re ready to develop cool packages for your robots! Go ahead to start the ROS beginner tutorials, or just the next post I wrote about learning core ROS concepts in 5 min.
Hope this makes installing ROS a bit less frustrating. 😛 | <urn:uuid:465a2773-5cb5-4773-932f-f9a3fe285bf2> | CC-MAIN-2018-34 | http://blog.justsophie.com/installing-and-setting-up-ros-in-5-mins/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-34/segments/1534221215284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20180819184710-20180819204710-00563.warc.gz | en | 0.898409 | 882 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Low-graphic news index |
Monday, March 4, 2013 - Page updated at 05:30 a.m.
All about choline, a lesser-known vitamin
By Carrie Dennett
Special to The Seattle Times
In the pantheon of vitamins and minerals, choline has tended to be overlooked.
Most people know about the antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E), the “sunshine” vitamin (D) and the “stress” or “energy” vitamins (the Bs). Calcium gets credit for bone health and folic acid is prioritized during pregnancy.
But choline is only beginning to get the respect it deserves.
Choline loosely belongs to the family of B vitamins. Our bodies make some choline, but not enough to meet our needs, so in 1998 it became classified as an essential nutrient. (Essential nutrients are nutrients we need to get from food.)
It plays several important roles in the body, assisting with transmission of nerve impulses and cell-to-cell communication and helping our cell walls stay structurally sound. Choline also helps our bodies transport fat and cholesterol out of our livers and into the tissues that need them, which explains why choline deficiency has been linked with fatty liver disease.
Choline is especially important during pregnancy and early childhood, playing a similar role to that of folic acid or folate. It’s important for fetal brain growth and intellectual development, and may help protect against neural tube defects in early pregnancy. After birth, choline continues to be vital for normal cognitive development in the infant and young child.
Women need about 425 milligrams (mg) of choline each day, but those needs increase to 450 mg when pregnant and 550 mg when breast-feeding.
One large research study found that women who had choline intakes of around 500 mg per day had the lowest risk of having a baby with neural tube defects. Interestingly, choline and folate rely on each other for certain functions, so a deficiency in one can cause a secondary deficiency in the other.
Of course, men need choline, too — about 550 mg per day.
The best food source of choline is eggs, with one large egg containing about 125 mg. In fact, some health experts say that the now outdated advice to avoid egg yolks in order to prevent high cholesterol may have contributed to some degree of choline deficiency in this country.
Do you like liver? A 3-ounce serving of beef liver has about 350 mg of choline, with chicken liver having slightly less. (Avoid or limit liver before and during pregnancy to avoid getting too much vitamin A.) Beef, pork, lamb, poultry, fish, shellfish and soybeans each have about 60-110 mg choline per serving.
People who regularly eat eggs and meat tend to get enough choline in their diets, but vegans and vegetarians who don’t eat many eggs need to be more thoughtful about getting sufficient amounts. Milk and yogurt have modest amounts of choline, as do plant sources like Brussels sprouts, broccoli, cauliflower, soy milk, wheat germ, peanuts, many types of beans and even chocolate.
However, it’s difficult to eat enough of these foods to meet the adequate intake. Many multivitamin supplements — including prenatal supplements — contain little-to-no choline, so shop carefully and read labels if you decide to go that route.
Next time: When choosing produce, is fresh best?
Carrie Dennett: [email protected].
Dennett is a graduate student in the Nutritional Sciences Program at the UW; her blog is nutritionbycarrie.com.
Low-graphic news index
Graphic-enabled home page | <urn:uuid:b947d46e-1574-464c-be8c-858ca1440da3> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://old.seattletimes.com/text/2020448823.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443736682773.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215802-00134-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943252 | 779 | 3.171875 | 3 |
from The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, 4th Edition
- n. A tool with a flat blade attached approximately at a right angle to a long handle, used for weeding, cultivating, and gardening.
- transitive v. To weed, cultivate, or dig up with a hoe.
- intransitive v. To work with a hoe.
from Wiktionary, Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License
- n. An agricultural tool consisting of a long handle with a flat blade fixed perpendicular to it at the end, used for digging rows.
- v. To use the agricultural tool defined above.
- n. Alternative spelling of ho. A prostitute.
- v. Alternative spelling of ho. To act as a prostitute.
- n. A piece of land that juts out towards the sea; a promontory.
from the GNU version of the Collaborative International Dictionary of English
- n. A tool chiefly for digging up weeds, and arranging the earth about plants in fields and gardens. It is made of a flat blade of iron or steel having an eye or tang by which it is attached to a wooden handle at an acute angle.
- n. The horned or piked dogfish. See Dogfish.
- intransitive v. To use a hoe; to labor with a hoe.
- transitive v. To cut, dig, scrape, turn, arrange, or clean, with a hoe; ; also, to clear from weeds, or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe.
from The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia
- To cut, dig, scrape, or clean with a hoe.
- To clear from weeds or cultivate with a hoe: as, to hoe turnips or cabbages.
- To use a hoe.
- To play or dance a hoe-down.
- n. An implement for digging, scraping, or loosening earth, cutting weeds, etc., made in various forms.
- n. The common dogfish, Squalus acanthias or Acanthias vulgaris; also, a name of several other kinds of sharks. See cut under dogfish.
- n. A variant of how.
- n. An obsolete form of ho.
- n. See hoey.
from WordNet 3.0 Copyright 2006 by Princeton University. All rights reserved.
- v. dig with a hoe
- n. a tool with a flat blade attached at right angles to a long handle
But they started to cook with it, beginning with native fry cake, which they called hoe bread or hoecake.
It's a tough row to hoe, in other words, to make the jump from the lower house of Congress to the White House.
Soulja Boy claimed in this article that his lyrics are not obscene (really, even the word hoe?)
But you can't just come on a morning television show and say the word hoe without some kind of reference point.
-- The word "howes" inserted in connection with various kinds of dogs, is our modern word hoe; Smith has it hows on page 86, and howes on page 162.
The rake formed a T on the end and the hoe was a perfect hook.
One suggestion is that the hoe was a chance find recovered in the Middle Ages during stone robbing of a Roman ruin.
How do you ban a word that is allowed -- a hoe is a garden tool.
Sanders had charged that -- that she was subjected to verbal abuse, that she was called hoe, that Thomas used the "b" word towards her.
But Rhavas thought most of the peasants he'd seen were more likely to break a hoe handle over a greedy cleric's head than to cough up a copper, let alone give over gold. | <urn:uuid:cd1fe62e-e4cb-43a6-b104-9acd7f353b12> | CC-MAIN-2015-11 | https://wordnik.com/words/hoe | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-11/segments/1424936461416.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074101-00004-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.902047 | 815 | 2.953125 | 3 |
This poster produced during WWII categorized the war as a “Good War” for Americans. It’s a “Good War’ because we are fighting for freedom, against oppressive dictatorships. The Nazis burned books that were against their beliefs and were “un-German”. The author is trying to show that the Nazis are violating peoples rights by comparing them with the U.S. The author uses bold, red text to assert his argument. I think this document is effective at conveying the message that Nazism goes against Americans belief of free speech and equality, and that it is bad. | <urn:uuid:bc3ac1c0-24d5-4486-82d8-418d44ffe563> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://blogs.baruch.cuny.edu/his1005fall2010/2010/10/30/nazi-book-burnings/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500628.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230207170138-20230207200138-00531.warc.gz | en | 0.986705 | 125 | 2.65625 | 3 |
What Is Sleep?
Sleep is a period of rest. It consists of REM and Non-REM sleep, 2 distinct states that alternate in cycles and reflect differing levels of brain nerve cell activity.
Non-Rapid Eye Movement (Non-REM) Sleep
Non-REM (or NREM) sleep is also termed quiet sleep. Non-REM is divided into 3 stages of progression and with each descending stage, awakening becomes more difficult.
Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep
During REM sleep the brain is highly active. This stage is called active sleep. Most vivid dreams occur in REM sleep. In REM sleep, brain activity is comparable to that in waking, but the muscles are virtually immobilized, which prevents people from acting out their dreams. Except for vital organs like lungs and heart, the only muscles not immobilized during REM are the eye muscles. REM sleep may be critical for learning and for day-to-day mood regulation. When people are sleep-deprived, their brains must work harder than when they are well rested.
The REM/Non-REM Cycle
The cycle between quiet (Non-REM) and active (REM) sleep generally follows this pattern:
- After about 90 minutes of Non-REM sleep, eyes move rapidly behind closed lids, giving rise to REM sleep.
- As sleep progresses the Non-REM/REM cycle repeats.
- With each cycle, Non-REM sleep becomes progressively lighter, and REM sleep becomes progressively longer, lasting from a few minutes early in sleep to perhaps an hour at the end of the sleep episode.
Why is Sleep Important?
Sleep isn’t just a time when your brain and body shut down. Your brain and body accomplish important tasks during sleep that help you stay healthy and function better when you’re awake.
Getting enough sleep helps you think more clearly and react more quickly. During sleep, your body produces hormones that help repair cells and tissues and fight off illness.
Not getting enough sleep can be dangerous, not only affecting your performance, but your health and mood, too. Studies show that lack of sleep may cause you to:
- Have a slower response time
- Take more risks or make unwise decisions
- Be irritable
- Behave poorly
- Have trouble with relationships
- Become depressed more easily
- Have high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes and other medical conditions
- Become overweight
How Much Sleep Do I Need?
How much sleep you need depends on your age. Here are standard daily (or nightly) guidelines:
- Newborns: 16–18 hours
- Preschoolers: 11–12 hours
- School-aged children and teens: At least 10 hours
- Adults: 7–8 hours
You probably have heard of a biological clock which governs growth, reproductive cycles and aging. There are also bodily rhythms, known as circadian rhythms, which are controlled by a biological clock and work on a daily time scale.
You might have already noticed in yourself or in others that sleepiness doesn't just keep increasing as it gets later. Rather, the drive for sleep follows a cycle, and the body is ready for sleep and for wakefulness at different times of the day.
How to Get to Sleep
If you have a hard time getting to sleep, try these tips:
- Maintain a regular sleep schedule. Go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.
- Relax before bed. Make it part of your bedtime routine.
- Take a hot bath before bed.
- Maintain a cool temperature in your bedroom.
- Remove sleep distractions from your bedroom, such as TV, noises or bright lights.
- Exercise no later than 2–3 hours before going to bed.
- Avoid caffeine and nicotine.
- Avoid alcohol before bed. While alcohol can help you get to sleep, it doesn’t help you stay asleep.
- Don’t eat or drink too much before bed so your sleep isn’t disturbed by indigestion or the need to urinate.
- Limit naps to no more than 1 hour — and don’t nap after 3 pm.
- Get at least 30 minutes of natural sunlight each day. Daylight helps regulate sleep patterns.
- Don’t lie in bed awake. Get up and do some relaxing activity until you feel like sleeping.
You may have a sleep disorder if it’s hard for you to fall asleep or stay asleep at night, or if you wake up feeling tired or feel exhausted during the day.
Common sleep disorders are:
If you continuously have trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, or have excessive sleepiness during the day, talk to your health care provider or request an appointment with one of our sleep specialists. | <urn:uuid:97acea69-7d80-49d8-9957-306a8073463b> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.wakehealth.edu/Specialty/s/Sleep-Medicine/Sleep-Explained | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178360107.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20210228024418-20210228054418-00302.warc.gz | en | 0.943636 | 983 | 3.796875 | 4 |
As demonstrated previously, adjectives can be used as adverbs in German (Unit 4, Unit 6). When participial adjectives or adverbs are involved, it is common to see an adverb modifying an adjective, which can extend the complexity within a noun phrase.
das schnell steigende Flugzeug
the rapidly climbing airplane
das siedend heiße Wasser
the boiling-hot water
ein hart gekochtes Ei
the hard-boiled egg
die gestern gekochten Eier
the eggs boiled yesterday
mein brauner, schon gepackter Koffer
my brown suitcase, already packed
These complex noun phrases are a good opportunity to see the value in first marking off where each noun phrase begins and ends before attempting to translate a long sentence. It simplifies your task to know that everything inside a noun phrase can only be modifying the noun, not anything outside of the noun phrase. Remember that you can easily see which are adverbs and which are adjectives by simply noting which have adjective endings and which do not. | <urn:uuid:397d0a7d-3228-45c5-a6a0-4059b4ace6fc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://human.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Languages/German/Book%3A_A_Foundation_Course_in_Reading_German_(Martin_and_Ng)/07%3A_Perfect_Tenses_and_Participles/7.06%3A_Translating_Participial_Adjectives_and_Adverbs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00050.warc.gz | en | 0.870197 | 231 | 3.09375 | 3 |
6 Sigma Categories
Business & Career Improvement
The Importance of Business Statistics
To the non-statistician, business statistics may appear to be an endless stream of numbers that continue from here to eternity, or at least for several boring pages. For the first-class business manager however, statistics is an extremely important science, which uses numbers to collect and categorize facts.
Statistical facts can help determine the value of any given business procedures. Managers who fail to recognize the importance of statistical analysis could very well doom their business enterprises to failure.
Sampling is an important part of business statistics in that the statistician can take information from a small sample group and apply it to the general population. Suppose the marketing specialists come up with an idea that they think might make the company a profit, but they aren’t sure it will work. Marketers can test this idea by offering the product or service to a select group of customers. When the test-marketing program is finished, the statisticians take the figures and study them to help predict whether the procedure will be a success or not when fully completed.
One problem with sampling is that there has to be a large enough sample group that it will be representative of the larger group, or population. Sampling a group of fifteen people will likely be insufficient to make an accurate prediction. Another problem with sampling is that the demographics of age, race, religion, income, profession, must also be similar to that of the population. If the sample group is mostly retirees of a single race, but the population is mostly younger people of various races, then the study of the sample group will likely not correctly predict the outcome of the marketing strategy.
Statisticians take the marketing figures, and use applied theory of mathematics and the theory of probability to predict the success of any proposed marketing action. Many managers, however, fail to plan for requests for sample groups. If marketing wants to run an immediate test marketing procedure with a sampling group, quite often there are no statistics available to them. As a result, many managers try to guess at the demographics of a given community, and quite often, the statistics are inaccurate. The demographics of marketing populations should be constantly gathered and updated so they can be available immediately as needed.
The accuracy of statistical analysis can seem almost uncanny to the uninitiated. Business statistics are something all business managers should consider if they expect maximum profitability for their enterprises. | <urn:uuid:85929b2d-4349-499e-9080-89f39724db87> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | http://www.sixsigmaonline.org/six-sigma-training-certification-information/the-importance-of-business-statistics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917118310.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031158-00102-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948727 | 493 | 2.640625 | 3 |
Only now is it legal to be gay in India
Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code 1860, although drafted by Lord Macaulay, speaks with the coyness of Queen Victoria.
It states: “Unnatural Offences – Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life …”
A law directed against homosexual acts dared not use words like “buggery” or “sodomy”.
The euphemism of “carnal intercourse against the law of nature” was necessary and the Courts were required to fill in the missing spaces.
Over the years, the Courts of India confirmed that any form of sexual penetration other than vaginal intercourse between a man and a woman was “against the order of nature”.
On the second of this month, two judges of the High Court of Delhi declared that s.377 was unconstitutional.
The Chief Justice, Ajit Prakesh Shah, and Justice Muralidhar held that the law would now only apply to non-consensual acts and acts where a party to the act was younger than 18 years of age.
The Delhi High Court is permitted to hear cases involving questions concerning the Constitution.. Its decisions are appealable to the Supreme Court of India.
The case was brought by the Naz Foundation, an AIDS prevention NGO. While the government of India has not adopted a formal position on the decision, it is not expected to oppose the effect of the decision or launch an appeal to the Supreme Court.
The reasons of the Court noted that, while the Ministry of Home Affairs resisted the application by Naz Foundation, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare provided evidence that s.377 hampered its AIDS prevention programs from being effective by driving at risk groups underground through fear of prosecution and persecution.
The decision was based on a number of constitutional protections of Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution including article 21 which provides that “No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law”; the right to equality under article 14: “The State shall not deny to any person equality
before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India”; and the protections against non-discrimination in article 15: “The State shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them”.
The principal judgment was delivered by the Chief Justice. It drew upon earlier decisions of the Indian Courts as well as decisions on the right to privacy under the Bill of Rights from the United States of America and cases from South Africa; the United Kingdom; and Canada.
The decision of the Human Rights Committee of the United Nations of Toonen v State of Australia in which Nick Toonen’s complaint that Tasmania’s laws against sodomy were in breach of the International Convention on Civil and Political Rights was upheld is referred to by the Chief Justice, particularly, on the negative health impacts of laws criminalizing homosexual acts.
The judgment is particularly moving where it recounts some of the evidence of police brutality against AIDS workers and gay men that was placed before it.
In the Lucknow Incident of 2002, four health care workers were arrested and detained by police for 47 days because a breach of s.377 is a non-bailable offence.
In the Bangalore incident of 2004, a cross-dressing eunuch was gang raped (including oral and anal sex) by a group of hoodlums. It was no better when he was taken to a police station where he was stripped naked; handcuffed to a window; grossly abused and tortured because of his sexual identity.
Another incident recounted in the judgment involved a gay person taken from a bus stand by police officers who beat him with sticks and subjected him to degrading and abusive language. He was incarcerated in the police post overnight during which four police officers orally and anally raped him.
This evidence, while disturbing, has an air of familiarity. The reform of the law criminalising homosexual acts in Australia started with a conscience vote in the South Australian Parliament in 1975.
The momentum for this reform (which gradually spread to other States) was provided by public outrage at the unsolved murder of Dr. George Duncan, who met his death by drowning after unknown assailants, suspected by many to be police, threw him into the Torrens River in Adelaide.
Homosexuality is no longer a crime in Australia.
How will that affect the way in which this decision is incorporated into the current debate over a Human Rights Act for Australia? Will the decision be seen as indicating the way in which a Charter of Rights can protect minorities from the oppression of old-fashioned laws that no legislator has had the guts or time to remedy? Or will it be latched on to by some to argue that any kind of document which seeks to protect fundamental rights will result in the encouragement of yet more immorality?
That won’t worry the gay rights activists of India who will continue to celebrate quietly this significant victory in what has been a long and difficult struggle.
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In a world in which there are still people who subscribe to the vile notion that certain victims of sexual… | <urn:uuid:cac1e61e-73ad-4fdf-bdbe-a4ad8e5f76c7> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.thepunch.com.au/articles/only-now-is-it-legal-to-be-gay-in-india/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368703489876/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516112449-00012-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965876 | 1,169 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Plants and Water - A Brief Look at How Water Affects Plant Growth
It probably seems like common sense. Plants need water to survive, grow and reproduce or bear fruit. What may seem simple is more complex than you might imagine. Here's a brief look at the importance of water to plant life.
Why Plants Need Water
Water is one of the primary elements required by plants. When you think of gardening, you generally think of water, soil and sunlight. Plants can suffer when any of these are compromised.
The importance of water to your plants goes beyond merely keeping them alive. Water is also a necessary element to help plants thrive. Water is what allows for the uptake of vital nutrients from the soil. It is also water that helps to carry sugar and other elements that may be required by flowers or fruit.
A good comparison can be made here with the human body. When we become dehydrated, our blood thickens and has a more difficult time being pumped to and through various organs. A lack of water can cause us to become weak. Prolonged dehydration can also cause organ failure.
Plants are not that different. A plant needs water so that it can remain upright. Without the proper amount of water, a plant can droop. It may not be able to support its own weight. Water for plants is critical.
How the Amount of Water Affects Plant Growth
Different species of plants require different amounts of water. The amount of water given to plants can also affect plant health.
Overwatering is a common problem for many home gardeners. Adding too much water to the soil can result in root rot. Water that remains on the leaves of a plant can also cause issues such as mold. When the soil is too damp around the base of your plants, the roots will have difficulty absorbing the oxygen that they need to survive.
In contrast, too little water will make it impossible for plants to absorb the nutrients they need. Roots can become brittle and damaged. There will come a point when the lack of water pushes a plant beyond recovery.
How do you manage the proper watering amount? The simple answer is to know your plant, climate, soil and terrain. These factors all play a role in how much water your plants will require.
Is the Quality of Water Important to Plants?
According to the Texas A&M Agrilife Extension program, water quality can have an impact on plant health.
Rainwater, tap water and distilled water can all vary in the amount of salts, nutrients and other elements they contain. These, in turn, can have an impact on the pH level of garden soil. The pH refers to the alkalinity of soil. A perfect balance is needed to grow the healthiest plants.
Most home gardeners will use a mix of tap water and rainwater to keep their garden in optimum health. You may want to check with your local water source to obtain copies of regular testing. These reports will detail all the elements that are found in your local water.
An occasional pH test, especially prior to the gardening season, is also useful. At the end of the day, strive to use the cleanest water that you can for your plants. At the first sign of ill health, try and determine if water quality is a problem.
Water for plants is something that many of us take for granted. It doesn't typically get a lot of thought until a problem develops. You should aim to take a more proactive approach to using water in your garden.
As a final thought, efficiency in watering can solve many of the issues we have discussed. You should consider equipment such as soaker hoses for better irrigation. Know your garden, know your plants and know the best practices for success. | <urn:uuid:da761b57-1726-4e58-8760-2244aee6cdbe> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.swanhose.com/water-and-plant-growth-s/1991.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780056900.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20210919190128-20210919220128-00108.warc.gz | en | 0.958409 | 764 | 3.359375 | 3 |
10 most difficult temples riddlesReligions quiz
What was inside the Athenian Parthenon?
the treasury of Athens
the chamber of prayers
the blessed fountain
the tomb of goddes Athena
Although the Parthenon is architecturally a temple and is usually called so, it is not really one in the conventional sense of the word. It never hosted the cult of Athena Polias, patron of Athens. The Parthenon was actually used primarily as a treasury. For a time, it served as the treasury of the Delian League, which later became the Athenian Empire.
Which country is that pagoda located in?
The Pagoda of the Celestial Lady is a historic temple in the city of Huế in Vietnam. Its iconic seven-story pagoda is regarded as the unofficial symbol of the city, and the temple has often been the subject of folk rhymes and ca dao about Huế.The pagoda sits on the Hà Khê hill, in the ward of Hương Long in Huế.
Borobudur is the world's largest Buddhist temple. Where is it located?
Borobudur is a 9th-century Mahayana Buddhist temple in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. The temple consists of nine stacked platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome. It is decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. The central dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues, each seated inside a perforated stupa.
Where is the Bahá'í World Centre located?
The Bahá'í World Centre is the name given to the spiritual and administrative centre of the Bahá'í Faith. It consists of the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh near Acre, Israel, the Shrine of the Báb and its gardens on Mount Carmel in Haifa, Israel, and various other buildings in the area including the Arc buildings. Many of the locations at the Bahá'í World Centre were inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2008.
That's Rani-ki-Vav, one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites in India. What is that?
Rani-ki-Vav (the Queen’s Stepwell) is situated in the town of Patan in Gujarat, India. Stepwells are a distinctive form of subterranean water resource and storage systems on the Indian subcontinent, and have been constructed since the third millennium BC. Rani-ki-Vav was built with an inverted temple, seven levels of stairs, and holds more than 500 principal sculptures.
What is the name of this temple in Beijing?
Temple of the Earth
Temple of the Moon
Temple of the Sun
Temple of Heaven
The Temple of Heaven is an imperial complex of religious buildings situated in the southeastern part of central Beijing. The complex was visited by the Emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties for annual ceremonies of prayer to Heaven for good harvest. It has been regarded as a Taoist temple.
What is the Karni Maty Temple in India famous for?
from holy rats
from sacred monkeys
from venomous snakes
Karni Mata Temple s also known as the Temple of Rats. The temple is famous for the approximately 25,000 black rats that live, and are revered, in the temple. In the temple, there are a few white rats, which are considered to be especially holy. They are believed to be the manifestations of Karni Mata herself. Sighting them is a special blessing and visitors put in extensive efforts to bring them forth, offering prasad, a sweet holy food.
What in ancient Rome was called a basilica?
fair and court hall
The Roman basilica was a large public building where business or legal matters could be transacted. The first basilicas had no religious function at all. As early as the time of Augustus, a public basilica for transacting business had been part of any settlement that considered itself a city, used in the same way as the covered market houses of late medieval northern Europe.
A fire temple is the place of worship for what religion?
In Zoroastrianism, water (apo, aban) and fire (atar, azar) are agents of ritual purity, and the associated purification ceremonies are considered the basis of ritual life. Both water and fire are considered life-sustaining, and are represented within the precinct of a fire temple. | <urn:uuid:7ca1d55a-614b-4ca8-adfe-171d2c24746c> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://en.globalquiz.org/en/toughest-temples-riddles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323588216.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20211027150823-20211027180823-00011.warc.gz | en | 0.95976 | 929 | 2.703125 | 3 |
At the urging of his brother Willy, Darrell “Dusty” Crawford of Heart Butte, Montana decide to get his DNA tested. A college project had allowed him to trace his Native American heritage back for five generations, but perhaps the DNA test would reveal more. As it turned out, Crawford’s results are mind-blowing and will help shape the way anthropologists understand Native history.
Darrell Crawford’s Blackfeet name is Lone Bull and his mother’s great-great-grandfather was Two Elk, a medicine man and bundle holder who held sacred objects used in ceremonies.
His family name of Crawford came from a Scotch–Irish cattleman who drove a herd into what became Montana and married a Blackfeet woman. Some in his family still live on the Crow Reservation in southeastern Montana.
Unfortunately, Alvin “Willy” Crawford, 62, would not live to read the results for himself. He died from heart failure shortly after Darrell told him the amazing news.
“I’d just talked to him about my result. My mom was interested in it, so I took it to her to read. He said he was going to read it, but he never made it to her house to read it,” Crawford said. “He would have been really happy with the results.”
Speaking to the Great Falls Tribune, Darrell explained that the test results were bittersweet.
“He’s the one who encouraged me to do this, and he wanted to compare our results,” Crawford said. “I just wish I could have shown it to him. It would have blown him away.”
The test by CRI Genetics revealed Crawford’s “biogeographical ancestry,” and was able to trace his lineage back for 55 generations with near perfect accuracy of 99 percent. The company told Crawford it was “like finding Bigfoot,” because it’s so rare to trace ancestry back that far.
Crawford learned that he has the oldest DNA found in the Americas, and the details shattered what he had previously thought about how his Blackfeet ancestors arrived on the continent.
In America’s schools, kids learn that Native American ancestors arrived by the Bering Land Bridge, during the Ice Age some 18,000 years ago. An ice sheet formed a bridge that may have been 620 miles wide, connecting Asia and North America.
— Live Science (@LiveScience) February 15, 2019
However, Crawford’s DNA test found that his ancestors probably arrived by a route that couldn’t be more different. His ancestors more likely came from the Pacific and traveled up from the coast of South America. Crawfords mitochondrial DNA belonged to MtDNA Haplogroup B2, originating in Arizona 17,000 years ago and with low frequency in Alaska or Canada, ruling out travel via the Bering Land Bridge. The group’s closes relatives outside the Americas come from Southeast Asia.
“‘Its path from the Americas is somewhat of a mystery as there are no frequencies of the haplogroup in either Alaska or Canada. Today this Native American line is found only in the Americas, with a strong frequency peak on the eastern coast of North America,’ according to the DNA testing company.”
Of the four Native American groups in Haplogroup B2, Crawford’s clan was traced to an ancient female ancestor named Ina, one of four ancient ancestors including Ai, Chie, and Sachi.
According to the Great Falls Tribune:
“Ina’s name comes from a Polynesian mythological figure, a representative of the ‘first woman.’ She’s riding a shark on a $20 bill in the Cook Islands.”
Thanks to his brother’s interest in Blackfeet history, Darrell Crawford can share his rich history with everyone, including all of his descendants. He is also making international news.
Willy Crawford was a Chief Mountain Hot Shot wildland firefighter and then a building trades instructor at the Blackfeet Community College for 18 years.
“He was fascinated by our history, and it never dawned on me how much he knew until one night we were talking about land, and he knew so much history,” Crawford said.
Discovering someone whose family line can be traced back 55 generations is "like finding Bigfoot," CRI Genetics says.https://t.co/Q398mCirDp
— azcentral (@azcentral) May 7, 2019
Now Darrell Crawford encourages Native American to get their own DNA tests but says it is best to be open-minded and prepared for just about anything.
More from USA TODAY:
Featured image: Darrell Crawford via YouTube with DNA via Pixabay | <urn:uuid:267a7bf5-272a-4f33-a5db-0d9ce9ceb221> | CC-MAIN-2020-40 | https://www.ancient-code.com/montana-man-has-the-oldest-north-american-dna-ever-tested-dating-back-17000-years/?fbclid=IwAR29-Gbhakfitr6hHBP_XkifFSm7dzLfdJk097Si3QUwKLSCHuqGYtPhkpE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-40/segments/1600402127075.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20200930141310-20200930171310-00713.warc.gz | en | 0.976314 | 998 | 2.546875 | 3 |
This week we launch a new set of conversation cards called ‘Conversations about Mental Health with Children and Young People’.
They are designed to help children explore and talk about mental health and wellbeing.
With current research showing that as many as one in ten children aged between 5 and 16 years (three in every classroom) has a mental health problem, and that over half of all mental ill health starts before the age of 14 years, it is vital that action is taken to help children talk about and understand mental health.
The cards have been written by Place2Be, a leading national children’s mental health charity, providing in-school counselling support and therapeutic services in primary and secondary schools.
Julia Clements, Principal Educational Psychologist from the charity explained why the resource was needed and how it could help young people.
“Teachers tell us that although they want to have conversations about mental health with their pupils, they find this difficult. This was our motivation for writing this much needed resource. Teachers can use the cards in a variety of ways to help pupils understand what mental health is and how good mental health can be maintained”.
Simple and easy to use, this resource is designed to be used by school staff to help pupils start having conversations about mental health. The questions help explore and develop children and young people’s understanding about mental health, including: what it is; how good mental health can be maintained; and how to access help when needed.
If used sensitively by a trusted adult, these cards will encourage children and young people to talk about mental health without feeling it is a taboo subject.
Conversations about Mental Health with Children and Young People Cards are ideal for Teachers, Counsellors and Social Workers.
The cards are being launched in time for Children’s Mental Health Week which runs from the 6th -12th February.
This years theme is Kindness.
Find out more about Conversations about Mental Health with Children and Young People.
Author Bio: Lisa Warner, Founder at Fink Cards
Lisa Warner, one part of the Family Communication Duo, is an energetic and passionate ball of energy, whose excitement and enthusiasm know no bounds. Her drive and belief in doing the impossible has been rewarded when her mission to get families talking led her to found the incredibly successful Fink Cards and won her the title of Female Entrepreneur of the Year. Her contagious positive outlook regularly see her appearing on the radio, in newspapers and magazines where she will happily talk about the importance of good family communication. The entrepreneur, activist and energiser's proudest achievement to date is creating a strong and happy marriage and raising 4 confident and sociable teenagers. | <urn:uuid:d05832e9-550d-46e2-bfdd-2e09934a1c0b> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://finkcards.com/blogs/news/new-cards-to-help-children-and-young-people-talk-about-mental-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224647525.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20230601010402-20230601040402-00426.warc.gz | en | 0.964744 | 552 | 3.171875 | 3 |
The Junius Pamphlet
The Crisis of Social Democracy
Year Published: 1916
Resource Type: Book
Cx Number: CX6342
The voting of war credits in August 1914 was a shattering moment in the life of individual socialists and of the socialist movement in Europe. Those who had worked for, and wholly believed in the ability of, organized labour to stand against war now saw the major social democratic parties of Germany, France, and England rush to the defense of their fatherlands. Worker solidarity had proved an impotent myth. Rosa Luxemburg had for years warned against the stultifying effects of the overly bureaucratized German Social Democratic Party and the anti-revolutionary tendencies of the trade unions that played such a large role in the party's policy decisions. She spent much of the war in jail, where she wrote and then smuggled this pamphlet. Published under the name "Junius," the pamphlet became the guiding statement for the International Group, which became the Spartacus League.
The class-conscious proletariat cannot identify with any of the military camps in this war. Does it follow that proletarian policy ought to demand maintenance of the status quo, that we have no other action program beyond the wish that everything should be as it was before the war? But existing conditions have never been our ideal; they have never expressed the self-determination of peoples. Furthermore, the earlier conditions are no longer to be saved; they no longer exist, even if historic state borders continue to exist. Even before its results have been formally established, the war has already brought about immense confusion in power relationships, the reciprocal estimate of forces, of alliances, and conflicts. It has sharply revised the relations between states and of classes within society. So many old illusions and potencies have been destroyed, so many new forces and problems have been created that a return to the old Europe as it existed before August 4, 1914 is out of the question. [It is] as out of the question as a return to pre-revolutionary conditions even after a defeated revolution.
Proletarian policy knows no retreat; it can only struggle forward. It must always go beyond the existing and the newly created. In this sense alone, it is legitimate for the proletariat to confront both camps of imperialists in the world war with a policy of its own.
But this policy can not consist of social democratic parties holding international conferences where they individually or collectively compete to discover ingenious recipes with which bourgeois diplomats ought to make the peace and ensure the further peaceful development of democracy. All demands for complete or partial 'disarmament,' for the dismantling of secret diplomacy, for the partition of all multinational great states into small national one, and so forth are part and parcel utopian as long as capitalist class domination holds the reins. [Capitalism] cannot, under its current imperialist course, dispense with present-day militarism, secret diplomacy, or the centralized multinational state. In fact, it would be more pertinent for the realization of these postulates to make just one simple "demand": abolition of the capitalist class state.
It is not through utopian advice and schemes to tame, ameliorate, or reform imperialism within the framework of the bourgeois state that proletarian policy can reconquer its leading place. The actual problem that the world war has posed to the socialist parties, upon the solution of which the destiny of the workers' movement depends, is this: the capacity of the proletarian masses for action in the battle against imperialism. The proletariat does not lack for postulates, prognoses, slogans; it lacks deeds, the capacity for effective resistance to imperialism at the decisive moment, to intervene against it during [not after] the war and to convert the old slogan 'war against war' into practice. Here is the crux of the matter, the Gordian knot of proletarian politics and its long term future.
Imperialism and all its political brutality, the chain of incessant social catastrophes that it has let loose, is undoubtedly an historical necessity for the ruling classes of the contemporary capitalist world. Nothing would be more fatal for the proletariat than to delude itself into believing that it were possible after this war to rescue the idyllic and peaceful continuation of capitalism. However, the conclusion to be drawn by proletarian policy from the historical necessity of imperialism is that surrender to imperialism will mean living forever in its victorious shadow and eating from its leftovers. | <urn:uuid:d59886a9-a8fb-4d74-bf0b-a1e10a2d00fa> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://www.connexions.org/CxLibrary/CX6342.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267160568.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20180924145620-20180924170020-00307.warc.gz | en | 0.944687 | 890 | 2.671875 | 3 |
If Fred the Shred had spent his millions on something so high-minded and useful, he might not have got it in the neck so badly. That’s the depressing difference between 15th-century Florence and 21st-century banking. Here, gazillions passed through Wall Street and the City in the golden years of the last two decades, and there’s barely anything to show for it.Harry rightly attributes religious motivations to the Medici. But it wasn't just religion - it was also philosophy. The Florentine princes were imbued with the ethics of Aristotle: how the higher good emerges from the unified harmony of virtue, truth and beauty.
Walk around central Florence and you are walking through a city of buildings largely commissioned by 15th-century bankers. Santa Maria Novella, Florence’s first great Renaissance church, still has the name of its banker builder, Giovanni Rucellai, inscribed across its facade in foot-high letters.
Walk around London and New York, and, a few skyscrapers apart, you could be forgiven for not noticing that both cities had just been through the bonanza years.
I guess our modern bankers fail on all three measures. Not that the Medici were saints of course! | <urn:uuid:bda5fb07-92c7-4fc0-a183-631715938395> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://www.turbulenceahead.com/2011/09/aristotelian-bankers.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218186608.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212946-00381-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971477 | 256 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Whether it’s life, a game, or business, there are always risks that have to be taken into consideration when making a decision. And risks we take in life may look different from risks we take in business.
Running a business can be challenging and requires lots of foresight and planning. Depending on what line of business you are in there are various factors like changes in the economy, cybersecurity, climate change, natural disasters that need to be continuously monitored.
But if you have a rough idea of what you are up against while dealing with business risks, then your outcome may not be as bad as you would expect.
What if you had the option to visually evaluate the likelihood and scope of a threat? Then your company can better identify the procedures, controls, and resources available to manage the risk or threat.
This is what a risk assessment matrix will help you do. It acts as an effective tool for businesses in identifying, defining, analyzing, assessing, and prioritizing risks.
No idea what a risk assessment matrix is? No worries, we’ve got you covered!
By the end of this blog, you will walk away with everything you need to know about a risk assessment matrix, the benefits of using one, and the steps involved in creating one!
Why don’t we get right to it then? Let’s go!
What Exactly is a Risk Assessment Matrix?
A risk assessment matrix is a visual tool that depicts the potential risks that could affect a business. It is a project management technique that consists of a single sheet that lists all potential risks, as well as their probability of occurrence and the possible severity of impact.
It is built around two factors:
- The possibility of a risk event occurring
- The potential impact of this risk on the organization.
In other words, it’s a tool that allows you to visualize the likelihood of a prospective risk vs the expected severity of the risk.
All sorts of risks exist, including strategic, administrative, commercial, and external risks. The risk assessment matrix displays numerous risks in a graph, color-coded by severity.
A risk assessment matrix is used by businesses to determine if they have the resources to mitigate or manage risk. It also helps them prioritize which risks to manage based on the possible harm or disruption that these risks may create.
Now that you have a clear idea about the risk assessment matrix, let’s find out why it is necessary to create one!
Why You Must Create a Risk Assessment Matrix?
While creating a risk matrix may be time-consuming, its benefits make it worthwhile. So, let’s take a look at some of them, shall we?
1. Prioritizes Risks
If several risks materialize, having a summary of all potential risks helps you weigh them against one another. This priority will assist your project team and keep them on track if something goes wrong with the project.
2. Minimizes Impact
The unanticipated impacts of a risk that isn’t considered ahead of time may appear to be more severe and devastating than a risk that is discovered and addressed early on. Being aware of the possible effects can help to mitigate or eliminate the impact of a project risk before it happens. Prepare for the worst and hope for the best.
3. Offers Administrative Aid
You can establish action plans and make financial and administrative decisions to provide the most advantageous plan for your organization after you have a clear picture of the risks and how they are evaluated in order of significance.
4. Effective Planning
When everyone in your business is on board and everyone can see what’s going on and is told what to do, the flow of procedures becomes more profitable, economical, and less dangerous by default. Making decisions across departments becomes less risky as information is simplified and shared to be used by all stakeholders.
5. Quick Visual Input
A risk assessment matrix is a visual tool that summarises and simplifies the various risks the business may face in its daily operations. One of the greatest benefits of this tool is that it is a concise sheet that can be referred to by decision-makers and is very easy to read and understand.
6. Inexpensive Process
While the process to create a risk assessment matrix is time-consuming, it is a relatively quick and inexpensive process as compared to other risk analyses. Data can be collected internally and the information analyzed within the management to come up with a reliable matrix personalized for the business.
Clearly, the benefits point to the fact that a risk assessment matrix is something you should be creating. So let’s go over the steps involved in it!
How to Create a Risk Assessment Matrix in Simple Steps?
The risk assessment procedure may appear to be a daunting task. So here are a few simple steps that you can follow:
Step 1. Identify Possible Risks
The main purpose of the initial phase is to get a complete picture of all the present risks.
For this, you will have to begin the process by carrying out a brainstorming session, where you and your team can simply list down all the potential risks that you can imagine. This will create a collection of concepts that will form the very basis of the risk assessment matrix.
Try to think of the common categories of risks and focus on whether you can foresee any potential risk in your project category by category. This will help you identify and deeply understand the potential risks involved.
Here’s an example of how you can categorize your risks:
- Strategic: Coping with competition
- Operational: Potential scarcity of resources
- Financial: Capital cost and expenditure
- Market: Creating a social media presence
- Technology: Managing and Maintaining data security
Do this over and over again till you exhaust all possible lists of risks.
Step 2. Understand the Risk Criteria
Now that you have identified your company’s risks, you’ll want to analyze them. But before you do that, you need to build a standard set of parameters to help you analyze it. This is a crucial step since these parameters will guide the rest of the process.
Two key factors that are often used in a standard risk assessment matrix include:
- Likelihood – the level of possibility of the risk occurring
- Consequence – the level of impact the risk can create
Besides these two factors, you can also consider other elements, such as vulnerability and onset speed, however, this is optional.
Step 3. Evaluate and Classify the Risks
Now that the potential risks are identified and the criteria established, the next step is to evaluate or rate the risks. This stage involves a quantitative examination of the most critical risks.
You can do this by categorizing the risks in a three-part scale that includes ‘High, Medium, and Low’ or you can rate them on a scale of 1 to 5.
Classify your risks based on the parameter and focus on the ones that are a priority. This includes:
- High probability and high impact: These risks are notorious and must be the number one priority of your mitigation plan.
- High probability and low impact: These are standard risks and they also require mitigation plans due to their high frequency, however, its impact is low and therefore manageable.
- Low probability and high impact: The chances of these risks occurring are close to zero. But if they do occur, they will have a massive impact on your operations. To be safe, there must be a mitigation plan in place, however, prevention is better than cure.
- Low probability and low impact: These risks cause very minimal damage and are unlikely to happen. Therefore are considered insignificant and are not the focus of mitigation plans.
Step 4. Plan Mitigation of the Risks
Now that you’re aware of the dangers, what should you do?
You must decide how you want to tackle them. Risk assessment and prioritization strategies use expert judgment to identify possible implications, specify inputs, and evaluate data.
Risks may be dealt with in a variety of ways. Here are a few ways to help mitigate risks successfully:
- Acceptance: This risk is manageable, and the organization feels capable of overcoming it.
- Reduction: When there is a significant danger, the firm would take up efforts to mitigate it as soon as possible.
- Prevention: Doing everything possible to ensure that the risk cannot take place or to not encounter the risk at all. This is advisable for the high impact risks.
- Sharing: Multiple teams or organizations in the firm may be responsible for handling this risk in case it arises.
- Correction: Trying to find the risks before too much damage has been done and signaling early to minimize the impact.
- Warning: Focusing on detecting the risk as early as possible.
Given the inevitability of hazards, having a risk assessment matrix on hand will definitely aid project management for all stakeholders.
Internally: Distribute a risk assessment matrix to your technical team members so that they may predict problems before they occur and share risk management tasks in whatever plan has been decided, established, and disclosed.
Externally: You could use a risk assessment matrix to describe potential challenges and prepare to avoid them while managing projects for customers or business partners, giving your clients or partners the ease of mind to rely on your team to complete the project.
Step 5. Review and Update
Finally, it is important to remember that the risk assessment matrix is a dynamic, ever-changing document that requires care and attention.
Risks are present in every aspect of our lives, and the matrix should stand testament to this. Various triggers, such as enterprise risk management (ERM) program, a big merger or acquisition, or a serious vulnerability within your internal controls system could push for the need for a refreshing change or update.
Therefore, the risk assessment procedure should be repeated several times a year to make sure that is in good shape. It must be updated on a regular basis to reflect changes in your company’s risk environment.
There will always be situations that can not be completely avoided and in those circumstances, it is best to be aware of the risks you may face so you are able to make decisions accordingly.
With a risk assessment matrix, you will have a clear overview of all the risks and their severity and create plans of action that can help minimize all risks and setbacks faced by your business.
We hope that this blog has done its part in educating you about a risk assessment matrix and how to create it.
Now all you have to do is roll up your sleeve and get right into creating one and nothing will be able to catch you off guard! Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. Good luck!
Bit.ai is the essential next-gen workplace and document collaboration platform. that helps teams share knowledge by connecting any type of digital content. With this intuitive, cloud-based solution, anyone can work visually and collaborate in real-time while creating internal notes, team projects, knowledge bases, client-facing content, and more.
The smartest online Google Docs and Word alternative, Bit.ai is used in over 100 countries by professionals everywhere, from IT teams creating internal documentation and knowledge bases, to sales and marketing teams sharing client materials and client portals. | <urn:uuid:9d04f30d-ab72-4f09-b958-963570fbf3bd> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://blog.bit.ai/risk-assessment-matrix/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711278.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20221208050236-20221208080236-00343.warc.gz | en | 0.944164 | 2,327 | 2.65625 | 3 |
COVID-19 has hit plastic recycling, just as big oil firms are investing hundreds of billions of dollars to make new plastic. These investments massively exceed the industry’s spending to tackle plastic waste.
The coronavirus pandemic has sparked a rush for plastic.
From Wuhan to New York, demand for face shields, gloves, takeaway food containers and bubble wrap for online shopping has surged. Since most of that cannot be recycled, so has the waste.
But there is another consequence. The pandemic has intensified a price war between recycled and new plastic, made by the oil industry. It’s a war recyclers worldwide are losing, price data and interviews with more than two dozen businesses across five continents show.
“I really see a lot of people struggling,” Steve Wong, CEO of Hong-Kong based Fukutomi Recycling and chairman of the China Scrap Plastics Association told Reuters in an interview. “They don’t see a light at the end of the tunnel.”
The reason: Nearly every piece of plastic begins life as a fossil fuel. The economic slowdown has punctured demand for oil. In turn, that has cut the price of new plastic.
Already since 1950, the world has created 6.3 billion tonnes of plastic waste, 91% of which has never been recycled, according to a 2017 study published in the journal Science. Most is hard to recycle, and many recyclers have long depended on government support. New plastic, known to the industry as “virgin” material, can be half the price of the most common recycled plastic.
Since COVID-19, even drinks bottles made of recycled plastic – the most commonly recycled plastic item – have become less viable. The recycled plastic to make them is 83% to 93% more expensive than new bottle-grade plastic, according to market analysts at the Independent Commodity Intelligence Services (ICIS).
The pandemic hit as politicians in many countries promised to wage war on waste from single-use plastics. China, which used to import more than half the world’s traded plastic waste, banned imports of most of it in 2018. The European Union plans to ban many single-use plastic items from 2021. The U.S. Senate is considering a ban on single-use plastic and may introduce legal recycling targets.
Plastic, most of which does not decompose, is a significant driver of climate change.
The manufacture of four plastic bottles alone releases the equivalent greenhouse gas emissions of driving one mile in a car, according to the World Economic Forum, based on a study by the drinks industry. The United States burns six times more plastic than it recycles, according to research in April 2019 by Jan Dell, a chemical engineer and former vice chair of the U.S. Federal climate committee.
But the coronavirus has accentuated a trend to create more, not less, plastic trash.
The oil and gas industry plans to spend around $400 billion over the next five years on plants to make raw materials for virgin plastic, according to a study in September by Carbon Tracker, an energy think tank.
This is because, as a growing fleet of electric vehicles and improved engine efficiency reduce fuel demand, the industry hopes rising demand for new plastic can assure future growth in demand for oil and gas. It is counting on soaring use of plastic-based consumer goods by millions of new middle-class consumers in Asia and elsewhere.
“Over the next few decades, population and income growth are expected to create more demand for plastics, which help support safety, convenience and improved living standards,” ExxonMobil spokeswoman Sarah Nordin told Reuters.
Most companies say they share concerns about plastic waste and are supporting efforts to reduce it. However, their investments in these efforts are a fraction of those going into making new plastic, Reuters found.
Reuters surveyed 12 of the largest oil and chemicals firms globally – BASF, Chevron, Dow, Exxon, Formosa Plastics, INEOS, LG Chem, LyondellBasell, Mitsubishi Chemical, SABIC, Shell and Sinopec. Only a handful gave details of how much they are investing in waste reduction. Three declined to comment in detail or did not respond.
Most said they channel their efforts through a group called the Alliance to End Plastic Waste, which is also backed by consumer goods companies, and which has pledged $1.5 billion over the next five years on that effort. Its 47 members, most of whom are in the plastics industry, had combined annual revenue of almost $2.5 trillion last year, according to a Reuters tally of company results.
In total, commitments by the Alliance and the companies surveyed amounted to less than $2 billion over five years, or $400 million a year, the Reuters survey found. That’s a fraction of their sales.
Plans to invest so heavily in new plastic are “quite a concerning move,” said Lisa Beauvilain, Head of Sustainability at Impax Asset Management, a fund with $18.5 billion under management.
“Countries with often undeveloped waste management and recycling infrastructure will be ill-equipped to handle even larger volumes of plastic waste,” she said. “We are literally drowning in plastics.”
Since the coronavirus struck, recyclers worldwide told Reuters, their businesses have shrunk, by more than 20% in Europe, by 50% in parts of Asia and as much as 60% for some firms in the United States.
Greg Janson, whose St. Louis, Missouri, recycling company QRS has been in business for 46 years, says his position would have been unimaginable a decade ago: The United States has become one of the cheapest places to make virgin plastic, so more is coming onto the market.
“The pandemic exacerbated this tsunami,” he said.
The oil and chemicals companies that Reuters surveyed said plastic can be part of the solution to global challenges related to a growing population. Six said they were also developing new technologies to reuse waste plastic.
Some said other packaging products can cause more emissions than plastics; because plastic is light, it is indispensable for the world’s consumers and can help reduce emissions. A few called on governments to improve waste management infrastructure.
“Higher production capacities do not necessarily mean more plastic waste pollution,” said a spokesman at BASF SE of Germany, the world’s biggest chemicals producer, adding that it has been innovating for many years in packaging materials to reduce the resources required.
The new plastic wave is breaking on shores across the globe.
Richard Pontillas, 33, runs a family-owned “sari-sari” or “sundries” store in Quezon City, the most populous metropolis in the Philippines. The liquid goods he sells used to be packaged in glass. Many customers, in fact, brought in their own bottles to be refilled.
Merchants like him are among key targets for the plastic industry, looking to extend a trend established after 1907, when Belgian-American chemist Leo Baekeland invented Bakelite. Since World War Two, mass-produced plastic has fuelled economic growth and spawned a new era of consumerism and convenience packaging.
“Many years ago … we relied on goods repackaged in bottles and plastic bags,” said Pontillas, whose store sells rice, condiments and sachets of coffee, chocolate drink and seasonings.
Today, thousands of small-scale vendors in the developing world stock daily goods in plastic pouches, or sachets, which hang in strips from the roofs of roadside shacks and cost a few cents a go.
Already, 164 million such sachets are used every day in the Philippines, according to the Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives, an NGO. That’s nearly 60 billion a year.
Consumer goods firms including Nestle and P&G say they are working hard to make their packaging either recyclable or reusable. For example, P&G said it has a project in schools in the Manila region which aims to collect one million sachets for “upcycling.”
But sachets are very difficult to recycle. They are just one form of pollution that the pandemic is adding to, clogging drains, polluting water, suffocating marine life and attracting rodents and disease-carrying insects.
So are face masks, which are made partly from plastic.
In March, China used 116 million of them – 12 times more than in February, official data show.
Total production of masks in China is expected to exceed 100 billion in 2020, according to a report by Chinese consultancy iiMedia Research. The United States generated an entire year’s worth of medical waste in two months at the height of the pandemic, according to another consultancy, Frost & Sullivan.
Even as the waste mounts, much is at stake for the oil industry.
Exxon forecasts that demand for petrochemicals will rise by 4% a year over the next few decades, the company said in an investor presentation in March.
And oil’s share of energy for transport will fall from more than 90% in 2018 to just under 80% or as low as 20% by 2050, BP Plc said in its annual market report in September.
Oil companies worry that environmental concerns may blunt petrochemical growth.
The U.N. said last year that 127 countries have adopted bans or other laws to manage plastic bags. BP’s chief economist Spencer Dale said in 2018 that global plastic bans could result in 2 million barrels per day of lower oil demand growth by 2040 – around 2% of current daily demand. The company declined further comment.
This year alone, Exxon, Royal Dutch Shell Plc and BASF have announced petrochemical plant investments in China worth a combined $25 billion, tapping into rising demand for consumer goods in the world’s most populous country.
An additional 176 new petrochemical plants are planned in the next five years, of which nearly 80% will be in Asia, energy consultancy Wood Mackenzie says.
In the United States since 2010, energy companies have invested more than $200 billion in 333 plastic and other chemical projects, according to the American Chemistry Council (ACC), an industry body.
Those investments have come as the U.S. industry sought to capitalise on a sudden abundance of cheap natural gas released by the shale revolution.
The industry says disposable plastics have saved lives.
“Single-use plastics have been the difference between life and death during this pandemic,” Tony Radoszewski, president and CEO of the Plastics Industry Association (PLASTICS), the industry’s lobbying group in the United States, told Reuters. Bags for intravenous solutions and ventilators require single-use plastics, he said.
“Hospital gowns, gloves and masks are made from safe, sanitary plastic.”
In March, PLASTICS wrote to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, calling for a rollback of plastic bag bans on health grounds. It said plastic bags are safer because germs live on reusable bags and other substances.
Researchers led by the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, a U.S. government agency, found later that month that the coronavirus was still active on plastic after 72 hours, compared with up to 24 hours on cardboard and copper.
The industry’s letter was part of a long-standing campaign for single-use material.
The ACC’s managing director for plastics, Keith Christman, said the chemicals lobby is opposed to plastic bans because it believes consumers would switch to using other disposable materials like glass and paper, rather than reusing bags and bottles.
“The challenge comes when you ban plastic but the alternative might not be a reusable product … so it really wouldn’t accomplish much,” Christman said.
Plastic makes up 80% of marine debris, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, a global alliance backed by governments, NGOs and companies including Shell, which is also a member of the ACC.
Plastic pollution has been shown to be deadly to turtles, whales and baby seals and releases chemicals that we inhale, ingest or touch that cause a wide range of harms including hormonal disruption and cancer, the United Nations says.
Plastic recyclers have faced new problems in the pandemic.
Demand for recycled material from packaging businesses fell by 20% to 30% in Europe in the second quarter compared with the previous year, ICIS says.
At the same time, people who stayed at home created more recycling waste, said Sandra Castro, CEO of Extruplas, a Portuguese recycling firm which transforms recycled plastics into outdoor furniture.
“There are many recycling companies that may not be able to cope,” she said. “We need the industry to be able to provide a solution to the waste we produce.”
In the United States, QRS’s Janson said that for two months after the pandemic lockdowns, his orders were down 60% and he dropped his prices by 15%.
And the pandemic has added to costs for big consumer companies that use recycled plastic.
The Coca-Cola Co told Reuters in September it missed a target to get recycled plastic into half its UK packaging by early 2020 due to COVID-19 delays. The company said it hopes now to meet that by November.
Coca-Cola, Nestle and PepsiCo have been the world’s top three plastic polluters for two years running, according to a yearly brand audit by Break Free From Plastic, an NGO.
These companies have for decades made voluntary goals to increase recycled plastic in their products. They have largely failed to meet them. Coke and Nestle said it can be hard to get the plastic they need from recycled sources.
“We often pay more for recycled plastic than we would if we purchased virgin plastic,” a Nestle spokesperson said, adding that investment in recycled material was a company priority.
Asked how much they were investing in recycling and waste cleanup programmes, the three companies named initiatives totalling $215 million over a seven-year period.
At current investment levels in recycling, brands will not meet their targets, analysts at ICIS and Wood Mackenzie say.
Even if existing recycling pledges are met, the plastic going into the oceans is on course to rise from 11 million tonnes now to 29 million by 2040, according to a study published in June by Pew Trusts, an independent public interest group.
Cumulatively, this would reach 600 million tonnes – the weight of 3 million blue whales.
In response to mounting public concerns, the Alliance to End Plastic Waste says it will partner existing small-scale NGOs that clean up waste in developing countries.
One venture, which helps women earn money from selling plastic scrap in Ghana, says it has successfully diverted 35 tonnes of plastic from becoming litter since March 2017.
That’s less than 0.01% of the annual plastic waste generated in Ghana, or 2% of the plastic waste that the United States exported to Ghana last year, according to World Bank and U.S. trade data.
“We do realise change won’t happen overnight,” said Alliance president and CEO Jacob Duer. “What is important for us is that our projects are not seen as the end, but the beginning.”
In the Philippines, Vietnam and India, as much as 80% of the recycling industry was not operating during the height of the pandemic. And there was a 50% drop in demand for recycled plastic on average across South and Southeast Asia, according to Circulate Capital, a Singapore-based investor in Asian recycling operations.
“The combination of the impact of COVID-19 and low oil prices is like a double whammy” for plastic recycling, said Circulate’s CEO, Rob Kaplan.
“We’re seeing massive disruption.” | <urn:uuid:806e1054-6e50-427d-9060-6a389f9bef61> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://gabio.org/a-reuters-special-report-the-plastic-pandemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511424.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20231004220037-20231005010037-00028.warc.gz | en | 0.958776 | 3,358 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Thursday, June 26, 2008
RUDDERLESS YOUTHS. Education Week holds weekly chats in a format similar to LD Talk, although on topics of more general interest than LDs. The topic for this week was "Rudderless Youths," based on a new book by William Damon. Read about the book or find out more about Education Week's Live Chat.
GENDER DIFFERENCES DEBATE. In May, the American Association of University Women (AAUW) published a report they'd sponsored downplaying gender differences in American schools, highlighting instead differences in income and ethnicity as causes for achievement gaps. A commentary by author and psychologist Leonard Sax in recent issue of Education Week took exception to the report, saying that the report has "substantial holes" and that the report "missed the point." Sax's points: there is a real gap based on motivation and on learning differences between the genders. For example, he says, "It turns out that the best way to teach physics to girls is different than the best way to teach it to boys." Sax is an advocate and consultant for single-sex education.
ANOTHER DYSLEXIC ACHIEVER. He says he reads at about a fifth-grade level. Yet the Michigan native graduated from the University of Michigan at 19 with a perfect 4.0 average, according to the Detroit Free Press. On June 5th, the man, Benjamin Bolger, 32, was expected to receive his 11th advanced degree, a PhD in design from Harvard. He plans to teach at the College of William and Mary in Virginia.
Wednesday, June 25, 2008
NEURO-EDUCATION. Carnegie Mellon Researchers have found that specialized workouts for the brain can improve cognitive skills, for example in poor readers. Through the exercises, activation increased in previously underactivating areas -- for example in the region responsible for decoding the sounds of written language and assembling them into words and phrases. If you know a bright kid with poor reading skills, check out the article.
AUTISTICS: WIRED DIFFERENTLY. A University of Washington research team has found that the brains of people on the autism spectrum respond differently to faces than other people. To be specific,"autistic participants who had the largest social impairment showed the lowest level of connectivity between the right fusiform face area and the left amygdala and increased connectivity between the right fusiform face area and the right inferior frontal gyrus." [Got that?] Researchers added: "This study shows that the brains of people with autism are not working as cohesively as those of people without autism when they are looking at faces and processing information about them." Read it.
THE ROBIN HOOD EFFECT IN EDUCATION? That's the term the New York Times used in reporting on a study of recent gains by low-achieving students versus high-achieving students. The study apparently shows that federal test scores for the bottom 10 percent of achievers rose more than those in the top 10 percent from 2000 to 2007. The story is somewhat provocative in nature, implying questions about NCLB, equity for low-achievers, and excellence for high-achievers. But as one person interviewed for the article said, we don't have to choose between equity and excellence. Find the article here. Find the actual report here.
2e ACHIEVER. An 18-year-old young man with Asperger's, seemingly obsessed with becoming his high school's valedictorian, achieved his goal, according to the Cincinnati Enquirer. In the article the young man talked frankly about his social and academic challenges and accomplishments. He plans to attend Carnegie Mellon on a Presidential Scholarship. Read the article.
THIS IS YOUR BRAIN ON DRUGS. Are you raising or teaching a gifted kid with AD/HD? Want to know about non-drug options? Check a New York Times article on the subject. Worried about the inappropriate use of methylphenidate (found in Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate CD, Methylin ER, Ritalin LA, Ritalin-SR. Focalin, Daytrana)? See this study from the National Institute of Drug Abuse. And be careful out there.
That's enough for this week. Thanks for reading.
Tuesday, June 24, 2008
BRAIN TRAINING II. In his monthly e-newsletter Attention Research Update, David Rabiner reported on two cognitive training studies for AD/HD that yielded promising findings. One study was on the impact of different types of working memory training for children with AD/HD. Reducing AD/HD symptoms with working memory training is not news to Rabiner; he has reported on previous studies. The current study compared training in auditory working memory versus visual/spatial with regard to their effectiveness, and indicated that visual/spatial working memory training “was associated with an increase in positive behavior above and beyond medication and behavior treatments already in place.” Read about this and a study involving “computerized progressive attentional training for children with AD/HD” at Rabiner’s website. (Note: the newsletters are often not posted until late in the issue month.)
WRIGHTSLAW ON AUTISM. The June 10th issue of Wrightslaw’s Special Ed Advocate focuses on autism – parents rights, early detection, and a chance to participate in an NIH research study. Read it.
AP DEBATE. Washington Post columnist Jay Mathews expressed opinions on the availability of AP and IB courses for high school students and was challenged by Chester E. Finn, a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution and expert on education matters. The result: a debate published in the Post on June 8th. Does more accessibility “cheapen the currency” of AP courses? Or is the AP “entry gate” too well guarded? Read the debate.
APPROPO OF… This item was interesting to us, even though it doesn’t directly relate to giftedness or LDs. But former Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O’Connor is involved in the development of a web site and interactive civics/judiciary curriculum for middle-schoolers, to be hosted at www.ourcourts.org. To be available this fall, seems like the site should be a good resource for inquisitive kids and for adventuresome civics teachers.
Sunday, June 22, 2008
EDUTOPIA WANTS YOU. George Lucas, obviously a gifted person, claims he spent his school years daydreaming and writing stories. Now his George Lucas Educational Foundation publishes Edutopia to help prevent learners like Lucas from "falling through the cracks." Edutopia has launched a membership campaign to draw support from those with an interest in reforming education worldwide. If you're not familiar with Edutopia, check out their website.
FROM SPECIAL ED ADVOCATE. Got a gifted or 2e kid with an IEP? The June 3rd edition of Peter and Pam Wright's electronic newsletter featured tips for ending the school year, reviewing last year's services, and planning for next year. Also included, for you parents and educators who might "confront" one another, "10 tips for avoiding confrontation." If you, as a parent, must advocate for your child, check out the Wrightslaw website and its many resources.
ONCE AGAIN. Education Week brought to our attention in a subscriber-only article the fact that President Bush has, once again, requested elimination of the hallmark Javits Grant program for gifted and talented education, which in the government’s own words “Supports research, demonstration projects, and other activities designed to help elementary and secondary schools meet the needs of gifted and talented students.” In 2008 the program was funded at $7.5 million. (This compares to $6 billion for Reading First, a program about which the Washington Post says this: “Students enrolled in a $6 billion federal reading program…are not reading any better than those who don't participate, according to a
PUBLISHED EARLIER, READ IN EARLY JUNE. Scientific American Mind published an article recapping evidence that as many as one-fifth of the cases of schizophrenia may be caused by prenatal or even early childhood infections. Some scientists also conjecture that OCD may be linked to strep infection. Other possible connections: bipolar disorder with pre- or postnatal herpes or T. Gondii; autism with prenatal rubella, herpes, or lime disease and a variety of post-natal infections; and Tourette’s with post-natal mycoplasma bacteria. | <urn:uuid:c76991cc-a95d-4590-a45f-85297fdb5585> | CC-MAIN-2017-34 | https://2enewsletter.blogspot.com/2008/06/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-34/segments/1502886102757.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170816231829-20170817011829-00662.warc.gz | en | 0.953889 | 1,790 | 2.84375 | 3 |
A resident was seeing children in his continuity clinic. He had noticed that several of his patients had failed newborn hearing screenings at birth, but were normal when repeated a couple weeks later. He asked how good the testing was. His attending said she didn’t know the exact numbers but that universal screening had been occurring for several years and “seemed to have pretty good results.” She also remarked that vision was to also be screened but again she couldn’t give any specific numbers. The attending told the resident that in addition to observing the child for any vision or hearing problems, and specific screening, she always tried to ask the family if they or anyone else had any concerns about hearing or vision and always would refer if anyone had any concerns. She said, “I know that it is not the best test, but a positive answer means the child needs further testing.”
Sensory problems in children like any problem should try to be identified as early as possible so effective treatment plans can be carried out.
About 1-4 children/1000 newborn infants have hearing loss or about 8-16,000 infants/year in the US. Before universal hearing screening the average age for detection was 2 1/2 -3 years of age.
In 2010, an evaluation of the universal newborn hearing screening programs found that about 92% of infants were screened before discharge with 4% failing the before discharge screening. Unfortanately only 2% were referred for a diagnostic evaluation. The authors cite multiple barriers to universal screening and followup. Types of hearing testing for screening includes evolked otoacoustic emission testing, auditory brainstem response or both.
Amblyopia is a “functional reduction in visual acuity characterized by abnormal processing of visual images, which is established by the brain during a critical period of vision development.” Strabismus is the most common cause of amblyopia and is an ocular misalignment. Asigmatism or blurred vision at any distance, hyperopia or farsightedness, and anisometropia or an asymmetric refractive error between the eyes, are also risk factors for amblyopia. 2-5% of preschool children have amblyopia. Highly effective treatment includes eyeglasses, patching and cycloplegic medications. Common standard tests are the HOTV visual acuity test, Random Dot E steroacuity test, cover-uncover visual alignment test, and fundus red reflex testing. Photoscreening, which detects ocular alignment and refractive blurring, and autorefraction techniques which automatically screens for refractive error are also commonly used.
In one study of 300 infants, a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 99.7% was achieved with an overall referral rate of 2.0% was found hearing screening. The states of Colorado, Mississippi, Rhode Island, and Texas have reported referral rates of 3-10% and a false positive rates of 3.6%. These are well around the NIH guidelines for hearing screening programs of failure rates of 5-7%.
The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found that of the studies they evaluated “… none of the tests was associated consistently with both high sensitivity and high specificity (ie, > 90%) for specific amblyogenic risk factors.” The testing included visual acuity, steroacuity, ocular alignment, photoscreening and autorefractors. The USPSTF recommends screening at 3-5 years but says there is insufficient evidence before age 3 for universal screening . In the USPSTF statement the tests evaluated included HOTV, Random Dot E, cover-uncover, photoscreening, and autorefraction techniques.
The Children’s Eye Foundation cites photoscreening and autorefraction studies with generally high rates of being able to do the screening (97-99% screenability) with sensitivities in the 45-70% range with a specificity of ~98%. Referral rates were 5-10% for further studies.
Some authors critical of the omission of the USPSTF screening recommendations for screening in children < 3 years of age, point out that fundus red reflex examination is a standard screening test that can help to detect congenital cataracts, other causes of deprivation amblyopia, and retinoblastoma. They go on to point out some newer studies demonstrate good positive predictive values and urge use of photoscreening and autorefraction in < 3 year olds. One study they cite showed photoscreening to have higher positive predictive values in 3-4 year old children than testing with HOTV monoular distance acuity testing and Random Dot E testing for steopsis.
Questions for Further Discussion
1. What type of hearing screening are performed at your local institutions?
2. What is your hearing screening failure rate?
3. What visual screening tests do you perform and at what ages?
4. What is your referral rate for failed visual screening?
- Disease: Health Screening | Vision Impairment and Blindness | Hearing Problems in Children | Newborn Screening
- Symptom/Presentation: Abnormal Laboratory Test | Health Maintenance and Disease Prevention | Hearing Problem
- Specialty: Ophthalmology | Otolaryngology
- Age: Preschooler
To Learn More
To view pediatric review articles on this topic from the past year check PubMed.
Evidence-based medicine information on this topic can be found at SearchingPediatrics.com, the National Guideline Clearinghouse and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.
Information prescriptions for patients can be found at MedlinePlus for these topics: Health Screening, Vision Impairment and Blindness and Hearing Problems in Children.
To view current news articles on this topic check Google News.
To view images related to this topic check Google Images.
Schmidt P, Baumritter A, Ciner E, Cyert L, Dobson V, Haas B, Kulp MT, Maguire M, Moore B, Orel-Bixler D, Quinn G, Redford M, Schultz J, Ying GS. Predictive value of photoscreening and traditional screening of preschool children. J AAPOS. 2006 Aug;10(4):377-8; author reply 378-9.
Shulman S, Besculides M, Saltzman A, Ireys H, White KR, Forsman I. Evaluation of the universal newborn hearing screening and intervention program. Pediatrics. 2010 Aug;126 Suppl 1:S19-27.
Delaney, AM, Meyers AD. Newborn Hearing Screening. Medscape.
Available from the Internet at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/836646-overview#a1 (rev. 06/15/2010, cited 9/26/2011).
US Preventive Services Task Force. Vision screening for children 1 to 5 years of age: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation statement. Pediatrics. 2011 Feb;127(2):340-6.
Donahue SP, Ruben JB; American Academy of Ophthalmology; American Academy of Pediatrics, Ophthalmology Section; American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; Children’s Eye Foundation; American Association of Certified Orthoptists. Pediatrics. 2011 Mar;127(3):569-70.
Children’s Eye Foundation. Types of Vision Screening Devices.
Available from the Internet at http://www.childrenseyefoundation.org/index.php/Programs/types-of-vision-screening-devices and http://www.childrenseyefoundation.org/index.php/Programs/types-of-vision-screening-devices-continued (rev. 2011, cited 9/26/2011).
ACGME Competencies Highlighted by Case
12. Evidence from scientific studies related to the patients’ health problems is located, appraised and assimilated.
13. Information about other populations of patients, especially the larger population from which this patient is drawn, is obtained and used.
16. Learning of students and other health care professionals is facilitated.
Donna M. D’Alessandro, MD
Professor of Pediatrics, University of Iowa Children’s Hospital | <urn:uuid:2eba69a7-5fd4-4ceb-afdf-1c3ee0f21b8a> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://pediatriceducation.org/2011/11/14/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224643663.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230528083025-20230528113025-00558.warc.gz | en | 0.912278 | 1,756 | 3.421875 | 3 |
VINCENT'S NEW TESTAMENT WORD STUDIES - REVELATION 9PREVIOUS - Revelation 10 - VINCENT'S STUDY - HELP - GR VIDEOS - GR YOUTUBE - TWITTER - SD1 YOUTUBE
Of the bottomless pit (tou freatov thv abussou). Rev., of the pit of the abyss. See on John iv. 6, and compare Luke xiv. 5. It is not however a pit that is locked, but the long shaft leading to the abyss, like a well-shaft, which, in the East, is oftener covered and locked.
3. Locusts (akridev). The idea of this plague is from the eighth plague in Egypt (Exod. x. 14, 15). Compare the description of a visitation of locusts in Joel 2. There are three Hebrew words in the Old Testament which appear to mean locust, probably signifying different species. Only this word is employed in the New Testament. Compare Matt. iii. 4; Mark i. 6.
Scorpions. See Ezek. ii. 6; Luke x. 19; xi. 12. Shaped like a lobster, living in damp places, under stones, in clefts of walls, cellars, etc. The sting is in the extremity of the tail. The sting of the Syrian scorpion is not fatal, though very painful. The same is true of the West Indian scorpion. Thomson says that those of North Africa are said to be larger, and that their poison frequently causes death. The wilderness of Sinai is especially alluded to as being inhabited by scorpions at the time of the Exodus (Deut. viii. 15); and to this very day they are common in the same district. A part of the mountains bordering on Palestine in the south was named from these Akrabbim, Akrab being the Hebrew for scorpion.
4. Green. See on ch. vi. 8.
5. They should be tormented (basanisqwsin). See on torments, Matt. iv. 24.
Striketh (paish). Dr. Thomson says that the scorpion cannot strike sideways. All accounts agree as to the fearful pain from its sting.
Shall desire (epiqumhsousin). Epi has the force of vehemently, earnestly.
Shall flee (feuxetai). Read feugei fleeth. Aeschylus says: "Not justly do mortals hate death, since it is the greatest deliverance from their many woes" ("Fragment"). Herodotus relates the address of Artabanus to Xerxes, when the latter wept on beholding his vast armament. "There is no man, whether it be here among this multitude or elsewhere, who is so happy as not to have felt the wish - I will not say once, but full many a time - that he were dead rather than alive. Calamities fall upon us, sicknesses vex and harass us, and make life, short though it be, to appear long. So death, through the wretchedness of our life, is a most sweet refuge to our race" (7, 46).
7. Shapes (omoiwmata). Lit., likenesses.
Horses. Compare Joel ii. 4. The likeness of a locust to a horse, especially to a horse equipped with armor, is so striking that the insect is named in German Heupferd hay-horse, and in Italian calvaletta little horse. Crowns. Not actual crowns, but as crowns. Milligan remarks that any yellow brilliancy about the head of the insect is a sufficient foundation for the figure.
Teeth of lions. Compare Joel. i. 6.
Sound of their wings. Olivier, a French writer, says: "It in difficult to express the effect produced on us by the sight of the whole atmosphere filled on all sides and to a great height by an innumerable quantity of these insects, whose flight was slow and uniform, and whose noise resembled that of rain." For a graphic description of their numbers and ravages, see Thomson, "Land and Book, Central Palestine and Phoenicia," 295-302.
Tails like unto scorpions. The comparison with the insect as it exists in nature fails here, though Smith's "Bible Dictionary" gives a picture of a species of locust, the Acridium Lineola, a species commonly sold for food in the markets of Bagdad, which has a sting in the tail.
Stings (kentra). Originally any sharp point. A goad. See on pricks, Acts xxvi. 14. Plato uses it of the peg of a top ("Republic," 436). Herodotus of an instrument of torture. Democedes, the Crotoniat physician, having denied his knowledge of medicine to Darius, Darius bade his attendants "bring the scourges and pricking-irons kentra) (3, 30) Sophocles of the buckle-tongues with which Oedipus put out his eyes.
"Woe, woe, and woe again! How through me darts the throb these clasps (kentrwn). have caused." "Oedipus Tyrannas," 1318.
Of the spur of a cock, the quill of a porcupine, and the stings of insects. For the A.V., there were stings in their tails, read as Rev., and stings; and in their tails is their power to hurt.
Abaddon. Meaning destruction. Compare Job xxvi. 6; xxviii. 22; Prov. xv. 11. Here the Destroyer, as is evident from the Greek equivalent Apolluwn Apollyon destroyer. Perdition is personified. It is after John's manner to give the Hebrew with the Greek equivalent. Compare John i. 38, 42; iv. 25; ix. 7; xi. 16, etc.
12. The first woe (h ouai h mia). Lit., the one woe.
Altar. See on ch. viii. 3.
14. In the great river (epi). Rev., more correctly, at.
Euphrates. The Euphrates was known as the great River, the River, the Flood. It rises in the mountains of Armenia, breaks through the Taurus range and runs south and southeast until it joins the Tigris in lower Babylonia Its total length is from 1,600 to 1,800 miles, and it is navigable for small craft twelve hundred miles from its mouth. It was the boundary-line of Israel on the northeast (Gen. xv. 18; Deut. i. 7; Josh. i. 4. Compare 2 Sam. viii. 3-8; 1 Kings iv. 21). It thus formed the natural defense of the chosen people against the armies of Assyria. The melting of the mountain snows causes an annual flood, beginning in March and increasing until May. These floods became an emblem of the judgments inflicted by God upon Israel by means of Babylon and Assyria. The brook of Shiloah which flowed past Zion and Moriah was a type of the temple and of its mighty and gracious Lord; and the refusal of allegiance to God by the chosen people is represented as their rejection of the waters of Shiloah which flows softly, and their punishment therefor by the bringing in of the waters of the mighty and great river (Isa. viii. 5-8; compare Jer. xvii. 13). To the prophets the Euphrates was the symbol of all that was disastrous in the divine judgments.
15. For an hour and a day and a month and a year. This rendering is wrong, since it conveys the idea that the four periods mentioned are to be combined as representing the length of the preparation or of the continuance of the plague. But it is to be noted that neither the article nor the preposition are repeated before day and month and year. The meaning is that the angels are prepared unto the hour appointed by God, and that this hour shall fall in its appointed day and month and year.
Two hundred thousand thousand (duo muriadev muriadwn). Lit., two ten-thousands of ten-thousands. See on ch. v. 11. Rev., twice ten-thousand times ten-thousand. Compare Psalm lxviii. 17; Dan. vii. 10; Heb. xii. 22; Jude 14.
17. Thus (outwv). After this manner.
Of jacinth (uakinqinouv). Uakinqov hyacinth is the name of a flower and also of a precious stone. The noun occurs only Apoc. xxi. 20, and the adjective only here. According to classical mythology, the flower sprang up from the blood of Hyacinthus, a beautiful Spartan youth, who was accidentally killed during a game of quoits. It was thought by some that the letters AI, AI, the exclamation of woe, could be traced on the petals, while others discovered the letter U, the initial letter of Uakinqov. The story of the slaying of Hyacinthus is told by Ovid.
"Lo, the blood Which, on the ground outpoured, had stained the sod, Is blood no more. Brighter than Tyrian dye, Like to the lily's shape a flower appears, Purple in hue as that is silvery white. Nor yet does such memorial content Phoebus Apollo at whose word it rose. Upon its leaves he writes his own laments, And on the flower forever stands inscribed AI, AI"
"Metamorphoses," 10., 175 sqq.
As a stone, it is identified by some with the sapphire. As to color, the hyacinth of the Greeks seems to have comprehended the iris, gladiolus, and larkspur. Hence the different accounts of its color in classical writings, varying from red to black. A dull, dark blue seems to be meant here. Of brimstone (qeiwdeiv). Perhaps light yellow, such a color as would be produced by the settling fumes of brimstone.
Of the horses. In the Bible the horse is always referred to in connection with war, except Isa. xxviii. 28, where it is mentioned as employed in threshing, the horses being turned loose in the grain as in the Italian triglia. The magnificent description in John xxxix. 19-25 applies to the war-horse. He is distinguished not so much for his speed and utility as for his strength (see Psalm xxxiii. 17; cxlvii. 10), and the word abbir strong is used as an equivalent for a horse (Jer. viii. 16; xlvii. 3). The Hebrews as a pastoral race, did not need the horse; and, for a long time after their settlement in Canaan, dispensed with it, partly because of the hilly nature of the country, which allowed the use of chariots only in certain places (Judges i. 19), and partly because of the prohibition in Deut. xvii. 16. Accordingly they hamstrung the horses of the Canaanites (Josh. xi. 6, 9). The great supply of horses was effected by Solomon through his connection with Egypt. See 1 Kings iv. 26.
Proceedeth fire and smoke. Compare Virgil.
"Then, if the sound of arms he hear from far, Quiet he cannot stand, but pricks his ears, Trembles in every limb, and snorting, rolls The gathered fire beneath his nostrils wide" "Georgics," iii, 83-85.
Also Job xxxix. 20: "the glory of his nostrils is terrible."
Like unto serpents. "Long, smooth, subtle, clasping their victim in an embrace from which he cannot escape" (Milligan). As one of the innumerable fantasies of Apocalyptic exposition may be cited that of Elliott ("Horsae Apocalypticae") who finds a reference to the horse tails, the symbols of authority of the Turkish pashas.
20. Repented not of the works (oute metenohsan ek twn ergwn). Lit., "Out of the works." The preposition ejk out of with repent, denotes a moral change involving an abandonment of evil works. See on Matthew iii. 2; xxi. 29.
Works of their hands. Not their course of life, but the idols which their hands had made. Compare Deut. iv. 28; Psalm cxxxiv. 15; Acts vii. 4. Devils (daimonia). More properly, demons. See on Mark i. 34. Compare 1 Cor. x. 20; 1 Tim. iv. 1.
See, hear, walk. Compare Dan. v. 23.
21. Sorceries (farmakeiwn). Only here, ch. xviii. 23; and Gal. v. 20, where farmakeia sorceries, A.V., witchcraft is enumerated among the "works of the flesh." Used in the Septuagint of the Egyptian sorceries (Exod. vii. 22. Of Babylon, Isa. xlvii. 9, 12). From farmakon a drug, and thence a poison, an enchantment. Plato says: "There are two kinds of poisons used among men which cannot clearly be distinguished. There is one kind of poison which injures bodies by the use of other bodies according to a natural law... but there is another kind which injures by sorceries and incantations and magic bonds, as they are termed, and induces one class of men to injure another as far as they can, and persuades others that they, above all persons, are liable to be injured by the powers of the magicians. Now it is not easy to know the nature of all these things; nor if a man do know can he readily persuade others of his belief. And when men are disturbed at the sight of waxen images, fixed either at the doors, or in a place where three ways meet, or in the sepulchers of parents, there is no use of trying to persuade them that they should despise all such things, because they have no certain knowledge about them. But we must have a law in two parts concerning poisoning, in whichever of the two ways the attempt is made; and we must entreat and exhort and advise men not to have recourse to such practices, by which they scare the multitude out of their wits, as if they were children, compelling the legislator and the judge to heal the fears which the sorcerer arouses, and to tell them, in the first place, that he who attempts to poison or enchant others knows not what he is doing, either as regards the body (unless he have a knowledge of medicine) or as regards his enchantments, unless he happens to be a prophet or diviner" ("Laws," xi., 933). | <urn:uuid:c13c08d9-e602-44a4-8d4e-dbc55e3eb729> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://godrules.net/library/robert/robertrev9.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679518883.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20231211210408-20231212000408-00691.warc.gz | en | 0.948393 | 3,171 | 2.84375 | 3 |
A new methodology for electing government representatives is emerging. Eighteen states already have some form of ‘ranked choice voting’ in place. Instead of using ballots that pit party against party, the ballot will elect the most popular candidate, party notwithstanding. It works exactly like the TV show ‘America’s Got Talent’. Perhaps for elections it should be renamed as ‘American Politicians Got Talent’. Politico.com has the most succinct description:
“Ranked-choice voting allows citizens to rank their candidate preferences on an election ballot instead of voting for a single candidate. If one candidate does not initially win a majority, competitors with the fewest votes are eliminated from the race and their voters’ second choices are applied to the tallies of the remaining candidates until one candidate achieves a majority.”
The process asks the voter to rank all the candidates rather than selecting just one. Then, exactly like voting on ‘America’s Got Talent’, less popular candidates are eliminated to identify the candidate with the highest ranked votes.
So what does the reader think about this?
Dominated by political party machinery, the election environment has become both complex and expensive. For the 2020 primary, mariner’s own state, Iowa, collapsed under burdensome procedures of trying to determine who would be on the Democratic Party’s ticket. Bean counting became an art form involving many qualifiers that confused voters at the precinct level; it grew worse as tallies were transferred up the chain to State headquarters.
Hand in hand with complexity was the amount of cash required to sustain elaborate party machinations and local campaigning. For years at the national level, all political parties continuously have been increasing fund raising to the point that one had to be a billionaire (Tom Steyer and Michael Bloomberg) to run independent of party machinery. It is conceivable, one hopes, that funding will become a local sport rather than a national one.
Besides the overly complex and expensive processes the parties have created, the party system became competitive in its own right for its own purposes – subverting the idea that it was the voter who was most important. Many pundits identify Newt Gingrich as the politician who made winning as a party more important than winning as a nation. This has grown intense over the decades to the point today where party victory counts far more than compromise in behalf of the electorate. Note only the shenanigans of Federal and Supreme Court nominations in recent years. Today the Senate Majority Leader (McConnell) controls every aspect of business in the Senate; in the House the Speaker has the same role (Pelosi) – the Party comes first.
Lastly, because the founding fathers left voting procedures to the States, there are many different election procedures for each state, each city, each county and each Representative district. In this age of cultural change at the speed of light, even the ballot is under pressure to change for the twenty-first century. The familiar list includes government supported elections without private funding; eliminate the Electoral College; reallocate the Senate to represent the population; allow referendums at the Federal level. Now add ranked choice ballots. | <urn:uuid:322b3262-6eaf-42fb-a9e3-62a018e6d610> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.iowa-mariner.com/a-new-form-of-popular-government/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585522.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20211022212051-20211023002051-00482.warc.gz | en | 0.957732 | 638 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Phosphate is one of the essential trace elements, naturally found in water, that is required by all living organisms. Low concentrations of phosphate (less than 0.05 parts per million; ppm) are necessary to sustain a successful aquarium.
Unfortunately, maintaining a low phosphate concentration in the aquarium is virtually impossible, because phosphate can enter the aquarium in so many different ways, including in food and other organic matter.
Problems that may arise from high phosphate concentrations include:
- Rampant outbreaks of undesirable nuisance algae and/or cyanobacteria that may lead to an algal bloom
- Retardation of the growth of calcareous and other beneficial algae, as well as stony corals, which may eventually lead to a die-off of some small-polyped stony (SPS) corals.
To prevent these problems from occurring, it is necessary to monitor and control the phosphate level in the aquarium. The ECO PHOS cartridge should be in the initial setup of a new aquarium to eliminate any potential algae problems. The ECO PHOS cartridge should be replaced every three to four weeks, or at the first hint of any nuisance algae growth.
For more information, please click here | <urn:uuid:d0550d31-e14a-4e1e-b2bf-979c5561432e> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://ecosystemaquarium.com/products/freshwater/filter-media/eco-phos/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510219.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20230926175325-20230926205325-00299.warc.gz | en | 0.926476 | 244 | 3.46875 | 3 |
The geography of North Carolina falls naturally into three divisions or sections—the Appalachian Mountains formed mostly by the Blue Ridge and Great Smoky Mountains, the Middle or Piedmont Plateau, and the Eastern or Tidewater section, also known as the Coastal Plain. North Carolina covers 53,821 square miles (139,396 km2) and is 503 miles (810 km) long by 150 miles (240 km) wide. The physical characteristics of the state can be pictured as a surface spread out upon a vast declivity, sloping down from the summits of the Smoky Mountains, an altitude of near seven thousand feet, to the ocean level.
North Carolina (i/ /) is a state in Southeastern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 10th most populous of the 50 United States. North Carolina is known as the Tar Heel State and the Old North State.
North Carolina is composed of 100 counties. North Carolina's two largest metropolitan areas are among the top ten fastest growing in the country: its capital, Raleigh, and its largest city, Charlotte. In the past five decades, North Carolina's economy has undergone a transition from heavy reliance upon tobacco, textiles, and furniture making to a more diversified economy with engineering, energy, biotechnology, and finance sectors.
Fayetteville is the third-largest city in Arkansas and county seat of Washington County. The city is centrally located within the county and has been home of the University of Arkansas since the institution's founding in 1871. Fayetteville is on the outskirts of the Boston Mountains, deep within the Ozarks. Known as Washington until 1829, the city was named after Fayetteville, Tennessee, where many of the settlers were from. It was incorporated on November 3, 1836 and was rechartered in 1867. The four-county Northwest Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area is ranked 109th in terms of population in the United States with 463,204 in 2010 according to the United States Census Bureau. The city had a population of 73,580 at the 2010 Census.
Fayetteville is home to the University of Arkansas, the state's largest university. When classes are in session, the thousands of students on campus dramatically change the demographics of Fayetteville. As it is a Southeastern Conference institution, thousands of Arkansas Razorbacks alumni and fans travel to Fayetteville to attend home football, basketball and baseball games. The University's men's track and field program has won 41 national championships to date. Forbes ranked Fayetteville as the 8th-best city for Business and Careers in 2010. U.S. News ranked Fayetteville one of the best places to retire. Based in nearby Bentonville, the Walmart corporation has contributed to the economy of Fayetteville. The city hosts the Wal-Mart Shareholders Meetings each year at the Bud Walton Arena.
The Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers Metropolitan Statistical Area (often referred to as Northwest Arkansas) as defined by the United States Census Bureau is a four-county area including three Arkansas counties and one Missouri county. The MSA is anchored by the Arkansas cities of Fayetteville, Springdale, Rogers, and Bentonville — the state's third, fourth, eighth, and 11th largest cities, respectively. The total MSA population in United States Census 2010 was 465,776 people. The US Census estimated the population of the MSA to be 482,200 in 2012. From 1990–2000 the Fayetteville-Springdale-Rogers MSA was the sixth fastest growing area in the nation. The metropolitan area is the home of Wal-Mart and Tyson Foods — global leaders in retail and meat and poultry processing, respectively. J.B. Hunt Transport Services, Inc., North America's second largest publicly owned transportation and logistics company, is also based in the area. Over 1,300 Wal-Mart vendors have added corporate branches or offices in the area as well, including: Coca-Cola, Procter and Gamble, Unilever, Motorola, Nestlé, Dell, General Mills, Kellogg Company, and PepsiCo.
The United States is a country in the Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere, and the Eastern Hemisphere. It consists of forty-eight contiguous states in North America, Alaska, a peninsula which forms the northwestern most part of North America, and Hawaii, an archipelago in the Pacific Ocean. There are several United States territories in the Pacific and Caribbean. The term "United States", when used in the geographical sense, means the continental United States, Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Virgin Islands of the United States. The country shares land borders with Canada and Mexico and maritime (water) borders with Russia, Cuba, and the Bahamas in addition to Canada and Mexico.
Science of drugs including their origin, composition, pharmacokinetics,
pharmacodynamics, therapeutic use, and toxicology.
Pharmacology (from Greek φάρμακον, pharmakon, "poison" in classic Greek; "drug" in modern Greek; and -λογία, -logia "study of", "knowledge of") is the branch of medicine and biology concerned with the study of drug action, where a drug can be broadly defined as any man-made, natural, or endogenous (within the body) molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological effect on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it is the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.
Finance is the practice]citation needed[ of funds management, or the allocation of assets and liabilities over time under conditions of certainty and uncertainty. A key point in finance is the time value of money, which states that a unit of currency today is worth more than the same unit of currency tomorrow. Finance aims to price assets based on their risk level, and expected rate of return. Finance can be broken into three different sub categories: public finance, corporate finance and personal finance. | <urn:uuid:f3c8047a-d875-48a9-bac4-2a26c1bd33ef> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://answerparty.com/question/answer/what-is-the-phone-number-for-biolife-plasma-services-in-fayetteville-ar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1397609532128.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005212-00277-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942821 | 1,291 | 3 | 3 |
Two terms used in the media today in conjunction with each other are ISIS and "Caliphate." The former is the acronym for the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria, an extremist militant group waging a territorial war in that region; the latter is a divinely guided spiritual leadership from the perspective of Islam.
These two things cannot possibly have any relationship with each other, and I will give a short background and explanation on both as to why.
ISIS (also known as the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, or ISIL) sprung from the remnants of al-Qaida in Iraq. ISIS disassociated itself from al-Qaida in 2011 so it could fight against the Syrian government. ISIS gained power and recognition under the mysterious leadership of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. A couple of months ago, it militarily gained a foothold on large swaths of land between Iraq and Syria, erasing the border between the two. It wants to create an Islamic state under a caliphate, which will be ruled by a barbaric religious law, renowned for cruelty and violence against its enemies.
"Caliphate" is an English-modified term from the Qur'anic Arabic word "Khilafat," or a spiritual "successor" of a prophet of God.
When the Qur'an uses the word "Khalifa," it presents three things among others that must happen before its (Khilafat) true establishment (Qur'an 24:56).
1) Muslims must completely follow the teachings of Prophet Mohammed and must not go against them.
2) Following the teachings of Prophet Mohammed will change their behavior to do good and positive things that will benefit everything and everyone around them.
3) They also will exemplify Islam's notions of peace and pluralistic governance so that everyone can live equally without the fear of violence, persecution or discrimination under them.
If we compare these three things to what ISIS has done so far, we find that the group has not exhibited any one of them. It has failed to follow the teachings of Prophet Mohammed at every level by torturing and killing people (POWs and innocent civilians), destroying and stealing property (recently the largest Syrian oil field), causing fitna (disturbance) against sitting governments (Iraq and Syria), persecuting people who hold different beliefs (Shiite, Christians, etc.) and seeking war rather than achieving peace.
This also has prohibited ISIS from completely exhibiting the second or third points.
There are a couple of examples in Islamic history that we can look at in which true Khilafat was established. The first example was after the demise of Prophet Mohammed, also known as Khilafat-e-Rashida (the Righteous Caliphate), made up of Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali.
Their individual accomplishments were numerous, but on a short scale Abu Bakr unified Muslims to work together for the greater good; Umar created one of the largest welfare states the world had ever known in a goal to eradicate poverty to the extent that he would go out in the middle of the night by himself to see if anyone was still hungry or needy; Uthman further built this welfare state with his own personal fortune; and Ali's main objective was always maintaining peace over war.
The second example is a modern-day one — the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community, establishing Khilafat for around 106 years and over five different people. The current and fifth standing Khalifa of Islam within this community is Mirza Masroor Ahmad, residing in London.
He has given countless lectures on world peace and equal rights and justice for all in many different places across the globe, including Capitol Hill in Washington, D.C., and the European Parliament. His community has served humanity in over 200 countries around the world through blood drives, feeding the poor, clean water initiatives, building modern villages in rural Third World nations, disaster relief and charity walks.
His message to ISIS and the entire world was, "Extremist Islamic groups (such as ISIS) and the so-called Caliphate that extremists are trying to establish in the Middle East are a complete betrayal of the true peaceful teachings of Islam and will never succeed.
These groups have attached their own cruel ambitions to an institution (Caliphate) that in reality seeks to champion the rights of all people. Let me make it clear that the institution of Caliphate leading the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community has no interest in power or government. Rest assured that true Khilafat (Caliphate) has no worldly or political objectives."
This is why ISIS and Caliphate have no relationship with each other — because ISIS is not a true Caliphate but a political system whose tendencies are antithetical to Islam's notion of peace and governance.
Ahmed Khan of Oshkosh is a member of the Muslim Writers Guild of America. | <urn:uuid:874cc55c-38da-466a-ac40-f9098ad8490e> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | http://www.jsonline.com/news/opinion/isis-antithetical-to-islams-notion-of-peace-and-governance-b99306235z1-266127391.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207930256.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113210-00311-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960317 | 989 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Professor Nick Strausfeld from the University of Arizona and Greg Edgecombe from the London Natural History Museum published their discovery and analysis of the earliest known complete nervous system of a new fossil that is the first known relative of spiders in the Oct. 16, 2013, issue of the journal Nature.
The fossil resembles spiders in having a segmented body, twenty-four appendages, and a pair of appendages attached to the head that were probably used for grasping prey. The early arthropod could swim and travel on land. The joints of the appendages and fangs of the fossil are very similar to those of present day spiders.
The researchers use CT scans and scanning laser techniques to reconstruct the nervous system of the fossil. This was possible due to the iron content of the sediments the fossil was found in that preserved the neural connections between the fossil’s brain and appendages.
Comparison of the nervous system to that of present day scorpions, spiders, and horseshoe crabs identified this 520-million-year-old Alalcomenaeus as the earliest known spider relative. Over 150 individual points of the fossil’s nervous system and physiology were compared to modern samples and proved the analysis to be accurate. | <urn:uuid:8eef4a7f-8e70-4ce7-a213-4787c2a9df3b> | CC-MAIN-2013-48 | http://www.examiner.com/article/discovery-first-spider-relative-appeared-500-000-000-years-ago | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-48/segments/1386164977792/warc/CC-MAIN-20131204134937-00014-ip-10-33-133-15.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960355 | 250 | 3.796875 | 4 |
People can now explore Pennsylvania’s Civil War Trails online with the help of Carnegie Mellon’s GigaPan technology and Google Earth.
The Robotics Institute’s CREATE Lab produced gigapixel panoramas, or GigaPans, of Civil War battlegrounds, cemeteries, museum exhibits, monuments and other sites of interest to Civil War enthusiasts that can now be accessed by anyone via a Pennsylvania Tourism Office Web site, www.pacivilwartrails.com.
"This new tool for Pennsylvania Civil War Trails will allow Pennsylvania to solidify its position as an industry 'thought leader' in tourism by not just embracing emerging technologies, but by building them," said George Cornelius, secretary of the Pennsylvania Department of Community and Economic Development.
"The Pennsylvania Civil War Trails project is pioneering the use of new online media, including the revolutionary GigaPan technology, to re-imagine how the public can research, explore and visit the fantastic historic sites throughout our commonwealth," said Illah Nourbakhsh, associate professor of robotics at Carnegie Mellon University's The Robotics Institute. "This new information, which will be accessible from all manner of tourism sites throughout the state, will drive economies through tourism and drive history education and technology education in local schools. We are proud that Carnegie Mellon has been a member of the team that has made this possible."
GigaPan is a camera system developed by the Global Connections Project, a partnership that includes Nourbakhsh’s CREATE Lab, Google and NASA. A robotic camera mount uses almost any digital camera to take hundreds of photos of a scene, which are then stitched together using special software to create a GigaPan image that can be explored interactively with a computer.
The Pennsylvania Civil War Trails Web site uses Google Earth to display information about specific Civil War sites in Pennsylvania, as well as the GigaPan images. The project was made possible with financial support from Carnegie Mellon, the Ben Franklin Technology Development Authority, Google and the Dutch Country Roads regional tourism marketing partnership. | <urn:uuid:8f1fdb55-a15b-4db0-81b2-db9a3d7540fe> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ri.cmu.edu/news_view.html?news_id=87&menu_id=239 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280308.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00361-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.916281 | 421 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Canada has a long way to go in its relationship with black communities before it should put Viola Desmond on its currency.
Desmond — a successful black businesswoman known for courageously refusing to leave a whites-only area of a Nova Scotia movie theatre in 1946 — will replace Sir John A. Macdonald on the $10 bill in 2018.
But according to Toronto writer Septembre Anderson, putting Desmond on Canadian money perpetuates the myth that the country is closer to racial equity than it actually is.
Desmond was the first black woman to bring a legal challenge against racial segregation before Canadian courts, but Anderson says there’s a danger in putting Desmond on a Canadian banknote.
And it’s not because Desmond doesn’t deserve the honour.
It’s because Canada doesn’t deserve her, or any other black person, for that matter, on its money.– Septembre Anderson
She points out that black people are the fastest-growing federal prison population and that black and other racialized women make 53 cents to every dollar white men.
“We live in a time when our cabinet, one of the highest seats of power in the country, is devoid of black women ministers. We live in a time when 26 per cent of black people are food insecure, compared to 12 per cent of all Canadian households.”
According to Anderson, using Desmond’s image “reaffirms the meritocratic myth that lies at the foundation of our national story” and fails to address the systemic issues that affect black people in Canada today.
What black people in Canada need is institutional change, not tokenism in the form of a picture on money.
– Septembre Anderson | <urn:uuid:fcb38209-100e-4c79-826b-fc8c144c4338> | CC-MAIN-2020-24 | http://blackottawascene.com/septembre-anderson-canada-doesnt-deserve-a-black-woman-on-its-money/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-24/segments/1590348500712.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20200605111910-20200605141910-00552.warc.gz | en | 0.915229 | 355 | 3.109375 | 3 |
|This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
Please improve this article if you can.
A mirror image is a mirror based duplicate of a single image.
In two dimensions
In geometry, the Mirror Image of an object or two-dimensional figure is the virtual image formed by reflection in a plane mirror; it is of the same size as the original object, yet different, unless the object or figure has reflection symmetry (also known as a P-symmetry).
If a point of an object has coordinates (x, y,z) then the image of this point (as reflected from the mirror in y, z plane) has coordinates (-x, y,z) - so mirror reflection is a reversal of the coordinate axis perpendicular to the mirror's surface. Thus, a mirror image does not have reversed right and left (or up and down), but rather reversed front and back.
Two-dimensional mirror images can be seen in the reflections of mirrors or other reflecting surfaces, or on a printed surface seen inside out.
In three dimensions
The concept of mirror image can be extended to three-dimensional objects, including the inside parts, even if they are not transparent. The term then relates to structural as well as visual aspects. This is also called enantiomer or enantiomorph.
A mirror image appears three-dimensional if the observer moves. This is because the relative position of objects changes as the observer's perspective changes.
Looking through a mirror from different positions (but necessarily with the point of observation restricted to the halfspace on one side of the mirror) is like looking at the 3D mirror image of space; without further mirrors only the mirror image of the halfspace before the mirror is relevant; if there is another mirror, the mirror image of the other halfspace is too.
A text is sometimes deliberately displayed in mirror image, in order to be read through a mirror. Emergency vehicles such as ambulances or fire engines use mirror images in order to be read from a driver's rear-view mirror. Some movie theaters also use a Rear Window Captioning System to assist individuals with hearing impairments watching the film.
Systems of mirrors
In the case of two mirrors, in planes at an angle α, looking through both from the sector which is the intersection of the two halfspaces, is like looking at a version of the world rotated by an angle of 2α; the points of observations and directions of looking for which this applies correspond to those for looking through a frame like that of the first mirror, and a frame at the mirror image with respect to the first plane, of the second mirror. If the mirrors have vertical edges then the left edge of the field of view is the plane through the right edge of the first mirror and the edge of the second mirror which is on the right when looked at directly, but on the left in the mirror image.
In the case of two parallel mirrors, looking through both once is like looking at a version of the world which is translated by twice the distance between the mirrors, in the direction perpendicular to them, away from the observer. Since the plane of the mirror in which one looks directly is beyond that of the other mirror, one always looks at an oblique angle, and the translation just mentioned has not only a component away from the observer, but also one in a perpendicular direction. The translated view can also be described by a translation of the observer in opposite direction. For example, with a vertical periscope, the shift of the world is away from the observer and down, both by the length of the periscope, but it is more practical to consider the equivalent shift of the observer: up, and backward.
- Adams, Cecil (1985-09-27). Are dogs unable to see 2-D images (mirrors, photos, TV)?. The Straight Dope. Retrieved on 2008-01-31.
- Why do mirrors reverse images left to right? Why not up and down?
- The same question explained a little differently, with exampleseo:Spegula bildo | <urn:uuid:88781638-9f5b-42f8-930c-931a234932c1> | CC-MAIN-2014-49 | http://wikidoc.org/index.php/Mirror_image | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-49/segments/1416400379520.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20141119123259-00240-ip-10-235-23-156.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928394 | 837 | 4.3125 | 4 |
Wiley Coal Member
Willman, H. B., Elwood Atherton, T. C. Buschbach, Charles Collinson, John C. Frye, M. E. Hopkins, Jerry A. Lineback, and Jack A. Simon, 1975, Handbook of Illinois Stratigraphy: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 95, 261 p.
M. E. Hopkins and J. A. Simon
The Wiley Coal Member of the Spoon Formation (Wanless, 1931a, p. 191).
Named for Wiley School, Fulton County.
Wiley School is near the type section (SW NW 16, 7N-2E) (Wanless, 1956, p. 9; 1957, p. 79, 206).
Extent and thickness
The Wiley is a widespread coal in western Illinois. It is seldom more than 2 feet thick, although local occurrences of up to 3 feet are known.
Well log characteristics
Age and correlation
It is correlative with the Davis Coal of southern Illinois and western Kentucky. It may be equivalent to the Mineral coal of Missouri and Kansas (Wanless, 1957).
Environments of deposition
WANLESS, H. R., 1931a, Pennsylvanian cycles in western Illinois: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 60, p.
WANLESS, H. R., 1956, Classification of the Pennsylvanian rocks of Illinois as of 1956: Illinois State Geological Survey Circular 217, 14 p.
WANLESS, H. R., 1957, Geology and mineral resources of the Beardstown, Glasford, Havana, and Vermont Quadrangles: Illinois State Geological Survey Bulletin 82, 233 p.
|Stratigraphic Code||Geo Unit Designation| | <urn:uuid:c4a96d23-9e00-4be2-be6c-6765d34f0767> | CC-MAIN-2021-25 | https://ilstratwiki.web.illinois.edu/index.php?title=Wiley_Coal_Member&oldid=16305 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-25/segments/1623487617599.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20210615053457-20210615083457-00006.warc.gz | en | 0.74524 | 356 | 2.625 | 3 |
In texts concerning Austria, "judicial district" (German: Gerichtsbezirk) refers to the geographical area under the jurisdiction of a district court, the lowest-level kind of court. Austria is partitioned into 115 judicial districts.
In Germany, ordinary Gerichtsbarkeit courts are the smallest districts of those courts. There are superior court districts, which usually have several legal districts forming a regional district. Accordingly, the relationship between regional districts and the Oberlandesgericht is designed. To speak of a legal district of the Federal Court is superfluous, because that district would include the entire federal territory.
The rule that courts are only responsible in matters within their legal districts, however, must not be over-represented. The legal process takes a number of schemes under which also matters from a different legal district may be justified, or jurisdiction in those cases in which a domestic court normally is not present.
The basic type of judicial division of Portugal is the comarca, corresponding to the territorial area of jurisdiction of a judicial court of first instance.
The judiciary organization reform of 2014 simplified the judicial division of Portugal, that until then included 231 comarcas, grouped in 57 círculos judiciais (judicial circles), by themselves grouped in four distritos judiciais (judicial districts). Depending of the size of its population, each comarca could have from a single judicial court of generic competence to a complex structure of diverse courts of specific competences (civil, criminal, criminal procedure, labor, family, etc.).
Since 2014, the country has the comarca as its single type of judicial division. Portugal is now divided in 23 larger comarcas, all of them having, each one, a single generic competence judicial court of first instance. Each judicial court is divided in several specialized sections.
The judicial courts of second instance and some specialized courts of first instance have jurisdiction over several comarcas.
For the purpose of the federal judiciary, each state is organized into between one and four judicial districts, which may be further subdivided into divisions. Each state is also independently divided into judicial districts or their equivalents for the purpose of its state judiciary. | <urn:uuid:b32a9fed-dfb8-4bac-867f-b3af0d02ea04> | CC-MAIN-2019-39 | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_district | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-39/segments/1568514573368.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20190918213931-20190918235931-00501.warc.gz | en | 0.931372 | 447 | 3.34375 | 3 |
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Subtraction Hop on Back
Mixed Practice Clip Cards
Mixed Practice Tic Tac Toe
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Addition Fluency Strips: In Order
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Created by: Keeping Up with Mrs. Harris & Snazzy in Second | <urn:uuid:11a2db2d-f923-4369-a7c2-b106dd65b561> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Product/Math-Intervention-Bundle-Computation-0-20-3357796 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818687740.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170921101029-20170921121029-00293.warc.gz | en | 0.80175 | 288 | 2.90625 | 3 |
If you think only dolphins and whales are caught in Japan, think again. A rare deep-water megamouth shark has been captured in the waters near Shizuoka in Japan recently. An autopsy of the deepwater creature has been made public with more than 1,500 people witnessing it.
Megamouth sharks are not common and it was only three decades ago that the species has been recognized. It is called such because of its head, which is not in proportion to its body and could reach a maximum of 17 feet long. The one caught in Japan at depth of 2,600 feet was only 13-feet long, but already weighed 1,500 pounds. A filter feeder, megamouth sharks feed on plantkton and jellyfish, keeping the ocean clean It is currently grouped under the plankton-eating sharks and is the smallest in size compared to the whale shark and basking shark. The Marine Science Museum in Shizuoka, Japan dissected the animal caught for further study with more than a thousand onlookers, curious to see the insides of the giant creature. The remains of the shark can now be viewed at the museum.
Less than a hundred sightings of the rare creature have been recorded with around only 58 actually seen by people while 3 of it have been filmed. While this shark species could be seen in other deep waters such as the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans, 13 sightings have been recorded off the coast of Japan.
Comments Off on JDP Startup Corner: Pros & Cons of Working with a Partner in Japan | <urn:uuid:d04f5cf8-2367-4f04-9a53-8fa8804b4287> | CC-MAIN-2017-43 | http://japandailypress.com/rare-megamouth-shark-found-in-waters-off-japan-0848251/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-43/segments/1508187828134.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20171024033919-20171024053919-00688.warc.gz | en | 0.975899 | 315 | 2.875 | 3 |
If you are looking for an answer to the question What is Artificial Intelligence? and you only have a minute, then here's the definition the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence offers on its home page: "the scientific understanding of the mechanisms underlying thought and intelligent behavior and their embodiment in machines."
However, if you are fortunate enough to have more than a minute, then please get ready to embark upon an exciting journey exploring AI (but beware, it could last a lifetime) …
Esophageal cancer (EC) is the eighth most common cancer and the sixth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. EC mainly consists of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). EAC is the most common pathological type in Western countries, more than 40% of patients with EAC are diagnosed after the disease has metastasized, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 20%[2,3]. Although the incidence of EAC has been increasing globally, ESCC remains the most common pathological type (80%) of all ECs with the highest incidence across a'cancer belt' extending from East Africa and across the Middle East to Asia. Only 20% of patients with ESCC survive longer than 3 years, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis.
I can trace it back to when I watched a video of America's Got Talent. It started with singers, but soon it moved on to other categories, including illusionists. That was enough to tell Facebook's algorithms that I had to be interested in magic and that it should show me more of what it deduced I wanted to see. Now I have to be careful, because if I click on any of that content, it will reinforce the algorithm's notion that I must really be interested in card tricks, and pretty soon that's all Facebook will ever show me. Even if it was all just a passing curiosity.
CLIP is a gigantic leap forward, bringing many of the recent developments from the realm of natural language processing into the mainstream of computer vision: unsupervised learning, transformers, and multimodality to name a few. The burst of innovation it has inspired shows its versatility. And this is likely just the beginning. There has been scuttlebutt recently about the coming age of "foundation models" in artificial intelligence that will underpin the state of the art across many different problems in AI; I think CLIP is going to turn out to be the bedrock model for computer vision. In this post, we aim to catalog the continually expanding use-cases for CLIP; we will update it periodically.
The latest AI-powered cameras are clicking high-end pictures and help in face recognition in pictures and videos. In addition, the same application has found benefits in ease of video editing. From scanning text scripts to recognizing faces on videos, it can match the elements and automate the video editing task. If you have to do this daily, it is better to choose software that is artificial intelligence or AI-powered. The list below would help you go for the right one and make the most of it for editing purposes.
An artificial intelligence (AI) tool was able to distinguish, with great accuracy, Parkinson's patients from healthy peers by analyzing short videos of facial expressions, particularly smiles, a small study shows. The predictive accuracy of the new tool was comparable to that of video analysis that uses motor tasks to detect Parkinson's, pinpointing facial expressions as a potential digital, diagnostic biomarker of the disease. This type of biomarker could allow remote diagnosis without the need for personal interaction and extensive testing. This would be particularly relevant in situations such as a pandemic, in cases of reduced mobility, or in underdeveloped countries where few neurologists exist but most people have access to a phone with a camera, researchers noted. The study, "Facial expressions can detect Parkinson's disease: preliminary evidence from videos collected online," was published as a brief communication in the journal npj Digital Medicine.
Tesla's approach to full self-driving is different from that of autonomous "leaders" like Waymo and Cruise. Instead of relying on an army of sensors like LiDAR and high-definition maps, Tesla is practically betting its future on a vision artificial intelligence approach. The idea is simple: if humans could effectively drive with their eyes and brain, then cars should also be able to navigate safely with a suite of cameras and a trained neural network. This approach has caused a lot of controversy and criticism against Tesla and its FSD strategy. A yearly report from Guidehouse Insights, for example, consistently ranks Tesla dead last among companies currently working on autonomous driving technologies.
Robotics have acquired the centerstage of Industrial activity and are making a way into day-to-day life. They are performing various impossible tasks in deep space, oceans, defence applications, working in radioactive environment, extreme temperature furnace, and many other areas, where human presence is challenging. In healthcare, robotics has applications in performing critical surgeries, in financial world, major financial institutions across the world are resorting to robotics-based process automation. Humanity has been long fascinated by the concept of robots and artificial intelligence. It has been a collective pipedream to automate mundane tasks which one would prefer to not have to do themselves.
Shaking off the dust from what could be described as the longest year known to man -- remote work is a hot topic in the world of employment. By establishing both its benefits, as well as its challenges, remote work has people talking about its permanence. What is more, employees have become accustomed to remote working, in fact, many of them actually prefer it to the office. According to a FlexJobs survey, 65% of employee respondents reported wanting to be full-time remote post-pandemic, and 31% want a hybrid remote work environment -- that's 96% who desire some form of remote work. These numbers inevitably mean that the methods in which we worked during the pandemic, primarily via the screen and through video calls, will have some longevity. | <urn:uuid:becad4de-d633-4fd5-af5a-d182592d03f6> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://aitopics.org/tag/video | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780054023.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20210917024943-20210917054943-00297.warc.gz | en | 0.963609 | 1,238 | 2.625 | 3 |
The Rivalry That Shaped Modern Egypt
Seven years since the heady days of early 2011, when massive, electrifying protests brought down the Egyptian dictator Hosni Mubarak, the political atmosphere in Egypt has turned somber. In 2013, General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi overthrew President Mohamed Morsi, a leader of the Muslim Brotherhood who had narrowly won Egypt’s first free presidential election the prior year. Since seizing power, Sisi has emptied the country of any real politics. His crackdown against the Muslim Brotherhood has been particularly brutal: he has jailed tens of thousands of Brothers, and designated the group a terrorist organization. On the regional stage, Egypt has found itself relegated to second-tier status. What was once the center of the Arab world today feels like a ghost of its former self.
In this environment, it is easy to forget that for much of the twentieth century, Egypt was the most consequential battleground in the struggle for the soul of the new Arab state. Following the formal dissolution of the Ottoman caliphate, in 1924, new ideologies and approaches to governing competed to fill the vacuum. In the 1930s and 1940s, during Egypt’s so-called liberal era, secularists, socialists, and Islamists vied for legitimacy in a chaotic but relatively free political atmosphere. The freedom did not last. In 1952, a clandestine cohort of young military officers led by a man named Gamal Abdel Nasser overthrew the Egyptian monarchy and eventually ended what little was left of Egypt’s liberal age.
Nasser’s revolution marked a watershed moment in Egypt’s modern era. At its outset, the dueling ideologies of Islamism and secular nationalism were uncertain and still in flux. But they would soon come to define the seemingly intractable political conflict within not just Egypt but also the broader Arab world. In the 1950s and 1960s, the contest played out in part through the bitter rivalry between two of the period’s most memorable personalities: Nasser, on the one hand, and the famed Muslim Brotherhood ideologue Sayyid Qutb, on the other.
In Making theRead the full article on ForeignAffairs.com | <urn:uuid:e4ea56ab-762d-45b0-b677-ad6ade56e2c6> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/review-essay/2018-08-14/muslim-brothers?amp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742666.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20181115095814-20181115121814-00341.warc.gz | en | 0.951212 | 443 | 3.28125 | 3 |
May 2: Our Lady of Oviedo, Spain (711)
The Abbot Orsini wrote: “Our Lady of Oviedo, Spain, where they possess some of the Blessed Virgin’s hair.”
The Cathedral of Oviedo was founded in 781 AD, and enlarged by Alfonso the Chaste, who made Oviedo the capital of Kingdom of Asturias. The chapel was once called the Sancta Ovetensis, owing to the quantity and quality of relics contained in the Camara Santa (Holy Chamber).
Our Lady of Oviedo, cont:
“There is in the city of Oviedo a Holy Chest that contains many and varied relics. It rests in the town where King Alfonso II, the Chaste, built a shrine to house it, and there it can be seen even today as it was well over a millennium ago. Like the Arc of the Covenant, or the Holy Grail, it is a singular thing the like of which is almost utterly unknown in the entire history of mankind.
This Holy Chest is made of oak and was skillfully constructed without the use of any nails. It measures roughly four feet by three feet by two feet, and has been venerated by faithful Catholics since apostolic times. Indeed, it is believed to have been fashioned by devoted disciples of the twelve apostles. Many men and woman throughout history have given their entire lives in service to the holy relics contained therein, or to save the chest from pagans who sought its destruction.
The chest originated in the Holy City of Jerusalem. When the Persain’s attacked and conquered Jerusalem in 614, many priceless relics from the region were gathered and placed in it for protection, as the Persians sought relics to destroy them. The chest was taken for safekeeping to a small community of Catholics in Alexandria, Egypt. A short time later, Alexandria was also sacked by the Muslims, and the chest was taken across the Mediterranean Sea to Spain, where St. Isidore kept it in Seville. Upon St. Isidore’s death, the chest was transferred to the city of Toledo, which was then becoming an important center in Spain. When the wave of Muslim aggression reached even Toledo in 711, the Holy Chest was taken to the Asturias and hidden in a well in Pelayo’s mountain.
The chest has a lock and key, but by the time of the eleventh century it had not been opened for hundreds of years. The last time it was known to have been opened was when it was done by a living saint, St. Ildephonsus, for in it he had placed a chasuble that the Mother of God herself had given him during an apparition.
By the year 1030, the exact contents of the Holy Chest were no longer known. Bishop Ponce of Oviedo, and with him many clerics, determined to examine the chest to unlock its secrets. As soon as the lid was raised only the slightest bit, “there burst forth so stupendous a light that the terrified clerics, some of them stricken stone-blind, dropped the lid and fled, leaving the mystery unsolved.”
After Mass, on Friday, March 13, 1075, the key was again placed in the lock. On this occasion, God was pleased to reveal the contents of the Holy Chest. The chest contained the Sudarium, mentioned by St. John the Evangelist in his Gospel as the cloth that covered the face of Christ after the crucifixion. On it can be seen the bloodstains of Our Lord that evidence his passion and death. It alone is a treasure without reckoning…
The chest also contained a piece of the True Cross of Our Lord, a small stone of the sepulcher in which He was buried, some of the cloths in which He was wrapped in the manger, several thorns from the Crucifixion, a piece of the earth of Mount Olivet touched by His feet when He ascended into heaven, one of the thirty coins given to Judas, the chasuble given by the Virgin Mary to Saint Ildephonsus, a chest of gold and precious stones containing the forehead of St. John the Baptist and his hair, and a host of other relics from many saints and prophets, including St. Stephen, the first martyr, St. Mary Magdalene, St. Peter the Apostle, St. Vincent, and the rod of Moses which parted the Red Sea and the manna supplied from heaven during the Exodus from Egypt, and many other priceless relics.
King Alfonso VI commissioned a silversmith to sheath the Holy Chest in gilded silver, adoring it with figures of Our Lord and His angels and saints. It can still be seen even today.”
*from El Cid, God’s Own Champion, by James Fitzhenry
-Our Lady of Oviedo
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Electrosmog and electrosensitivity: What doctors need to know to help their patients heal
In this paper an introduction to the concept of electrosmog (a form of electromagnetic pollution) and electrosensitivity (an adverse reaction to electrosmog) is provided. Chronic fatigue, chronic pain, sleep, mood and neurological disorders, cognitive dysfunction, dizziness, nausea, heart palpitations, impaired glucose regulation, tinnitus and skin problems are common symptoms among those who suffer from electrosensitivity, a condition well recognized in Europe but virtually unknown in North America. Those who have severe symptoms are unable to use and - in some cases - are unable to be in the same environment with the offending technology (mobile phones, antennas, Wi-Fi routers, fluorescent light bulbs, computers, smart meters, etc.). Five case studies are provided that document the effect of compact fluorescent light bulbs on the skin; treadmill on blood sugar; poor power quality on multiple sclerosis; computer on live blood; and cordless phone on the autonomic nervous system. Ways to diagnose and to help people recover from electrosensitivity are discussed.
Electromagnetic fields (EMF) exposure
Authors Joe WiartSoichi Watanabe,Tongning Wu,Wout Joseph,
Kyong A. Lee
The electromagnetic fields—whatever their frequency bands—are increasingly being used in wireless communications that nowadays are used in almost every aspect of our daily life. Over the past 30 years, wireless communication systems have been increasingly used; the versatile use of new mobile phones and the emergence of all-pervasive wireless communication systems, such as machine-to-machine communication, are strengthening this tendency…..
Letter to the Editor: Will We All Become Electrosensitive?
An increasing number of people are suffering from electrosensitivity, also known as being electrically hypersensitive (EHS) in Sweden. There are also other diseases such as fibromyalgia and burn-out syndrome, that have symptoms common to those exhibited by people suffering from electosensitivity. Electrosensitivity is recognized as a handicap, with no basis and physical or medical mechanism. it is expected that electrosensitivity will more widely spread in the near future.
Metal-Framed Spectacles and Implants and Specific Absorption Rate Among Adults and Children Using Mobile Phones at 900/1800/2100 MHz
The specific absorption rate (SAR) from mobile telephones at horizontal and vertical positions is investigated in human adult and child heads wearing metal-rim spectacles and having metallic implants. The SAR values calculated by Finite Difference Time Domain (FTDT) method are compared to the actual ANSI/IEEE standards and to the 900/1800/2100 MHz electromagnetic radiation limits according to EU standards. Our calculation shows a maximum of the cellular SAR in the child head, which in the case of metallic implant could be as much as 100% higher than in the adult head. The averaging on 1 and 10 g tissue-masses shows SAR generally under the limit of 519/1999/EC standards. However, in the case of 2100 MHz with vertical position of the phone for adults and of the 900 MHz for children with metallic implants the ANSI/IEEE limits are exceeded.
Tinnitus and cell phones: The role of electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation
Introduction: Tinnitus is a multifactorial condition and its prevalence has increased on the past decades. The worldwide progressive increase of the use of cell phones has exposed the peripheral auditory pathways to a higher dose of electromagnetic radiofrequency radiation (EMRFR). Some tinnitus patients report that the abusive use of mobiles, especially when repeated in the same ear, might worsen ipsilateral tinnitus. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the available evidence about the possible causal association between tinnitus and exposure to electromagnetic waves. Methods: A literature review was performed searching for the following keywords: tinnitus, electromagnetic field, mobile phones, radio frequency, and electromagnetic hypersensitivity. We selected 165 articles that were considered clinically relevant in at least one of the subjects. Results: EMRFR can penetrate exposed tissues and safety exposure levels have been established. These waves provoke proved thermogenic effects and potential biological and genotoxic effects. Some individuals are more sensitive to electromagnetic exposure (electrosensitivity), and thus, present earlier symptoms. There may be a common pathophysiology between this electrosensitivity and tinnitus. Conclusion: There are already reasonable evidences to suggest caution for using mobile phones to prevent auditory damage and the onset or worsening of tinnitus.
Are they really sick? A report on persons who are electrosensitive and/or injured by dental material in Sweden
People who attribute their symptoms to electromagnetic fields and/or dental materials typically present many symptoms simultaneously. These symptoms reportedly decrease or disappear among the Electrosensitive when they relocate to low radiation environments, and 44% experience improved health after removal of harmful dental materials (e.g. amalgam, gold). Among Dental Material Injured, health improvesfor 59% when their fillings are replaced and one in five also reports significant improvement from electrohypersensitivity (EHS). However, reduction of electromagnetic fields/radiation and removal of harmful dental materials are not enough. Nutritional supplements could also be of importance; 60% used supplements daily, mainly selenium, essential fatty acids, vitamins B and C. This survey addresses members of FEB1 (The Swedish Association for the Electrosensitive) and Tf2(The Swedish Association of Dental Mercury Patients) and is financed by The Swedish Inheritance Fund.
The effect of chronic exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on sleep quality, stress, depression and anxiety
Exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) is inevitable in some industries. There are concerns about the possible effects of this exposure. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on sleep quality, stress, depression and anxiety among power plant workers… | <urn:uuid:53981bf4-c3b2-496d-85ca-3ae31ee44d71> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.uniquepreciousshungite.com/emf | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703518201.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20210119072933-20210119102933-00511.warc.gz | en | 0.918908 | 1,231 | 3.15625 | 3 |
Week 5 Group Discussion Boardwanafa
This week we are looking at what Corey, Corey, and Corey (2014) described as the transition and working stages of a group. Tuckman (1965) and Tuckman and Jensen (1977) described a group’s stages of development as forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. I mention these stages to say that “storming” often happens in a transition phase. Tuckman (1965) describes the storming stage as a time when members emotionally react to the leader, other members, or the task of the group. Those articles are attached below.
Corey et al. discussed various challenges a group leader might face in the transition stage of a group. They described one member saying to the leader, “I’m bored. . . I wish you'd do something to make this a better group” (p. 232, 9th ed.) If this happened to you, how would you feel? How would you respond? (Don’t repeat what is in the book.) Be creative!
Also, describe in your own words how you understand the difference between the transition and working stages of a group. As well, what differences did you notice in the "transition" and "working" videos we watched this week?
- 6 years ago
- Object-Oriented Techniques
- Quantitative genetics homework
- The lowest elevation of death Valley is about -282 feet find the absolute value of the lowest elevation of death...
- Pre-lab report (SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF A FOOD DYE)
- Excel work for prof.malik
- FOR PROF. KIM
- question #1
- discuss the types of leadership
- Help No. 1
- STATA 2
- NOT RATED
This week we are looking at what Corey, Corey, and Corey (2014) described as the transition and working stages of a group. Tuckman (1965) and Tuckman and Jensen (1977) described a group’s …6 years ago | <urn:uuid:6c669606-287b-434f-959b-95ac9209340c> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.homeworkmarket.com/content/week-5-group-discussion-board | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780053657.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20210916145123-20210916175123-00577.warc.gz | en | 0.93517 | 441 | 2.734375 | 3 |
THE OLMSTEAD DECISION: AN OVERVIEW
The Olmstead lawsuit originated in Georgia with Lois Curtis and Elaine Wilson. These two women, who had been diagnosed with mental health conditions and intellectual disabilities, were repeatedly sent to state hospitals because they were unable to obtain supports in their community. Sue Jamieson, an attorney from the Atlanta Legal Aid Society, filed a lawsuit on behalf of Curtis and Wilson for community-based supports to be provided. The case reached the Supreme Court, which found that, under the Americans With Disabilities Act, "unjustified segregation" or requiring people to receive services in a setting that is isolated or separated from the community, was discrimination against persons with disabilities. The Court held that people with disabilities have a right to receive state-funded supports and services in their communities if a three-part test is met:
1. Professionals determine community supports are appropriate for the individual.
2. The individual is not opposed to receiving the community supports.
3. Community-based supports can be reasonably accommodated when other individuals in similar situations and available resources are taken into consideration.
"In sum, we conclude that Title II of the ADA requires States to provide community based treatment for persons with mental disabilities, when the State's treatment professionals have determined that such placement is appropriate, when the affected persons do not oppose such treatment, and when the placement can be reasonably accommodated taking into account the resources available to the State and the needs of others with mental disabilities."
- Justice Ginsburg,
Olmstead v. L. C.
OLMSTEAD: FROM THE CASE TOWARD REAL TRANSFORMATION
The 30-minute video below tells the story of the litigation of this case by Atlanta Legal Aid Society with support from ADAPT and other disability organizations. It goes on to explain the after effects of the decision and the changes that followed the United States Justice Department's embrace of Olmstead.
After the Supreme Court’s Olmstead decision in 1999, Disability Rights Nebraska urged the state to develop an “Olmstead Plan”. For 17 years, we worked to bring the Governor’s office, the Department of Health and Human Services, and the Legislature to an understanding that this was the right thing to do. In 2016, LB 1033 was passed, requiring the Nebraska Department of Health & Human Services to "develop a comprehensive, effective working plan for placing qualified persons with disabilities in the most integrated community-based service settings." Additionally, LB 1033 created a stakeholder advisory committee to assist in the plan's development. The Olmstead in Nebraska webpage provides more information on the implementation of an Olmstead plan in Nebraska. | <urn:uuid:7ea454ff-15c6-4b79-bcd4-bff4d138b4e0> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://www.disabilityrightsnebraska.org/what-we-do/olmstead-decision/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030338073.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20221007112411-20221007142411-00571.warc.gz | en | 0.958917 | 549 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Usually when I think of energy harvesting, I think of flex sensors or capturing movement. Well, a team at MIT has figured out a way to capture even small movements according to a post by PCWorld. According to the team’s paper, “The device achieves long current pulse duration, which has not been achieved by other types of mechanical energy-harvesting devices.” In fact, their device achieved a generating capacity of 15%. Here’s the secret sauce:
Specifically, their technology uses two thin sheets of lithium alloys as electrodes, with a layer of porous polymer soaked with liquid electrolyte in between. When bent even just slightly, the layered composite produces a counteracting voltage and an electrical current in the external circuit between the two electrodes, which can be then used to power other devices.
They use the term “lithium migration” to describe the resulting current in the device when there is asymmetric stress creating the chemical difference. This is quite different from the two popular energy harvesting methods, triboelectric (think rubbing a balloon against wool), or piezoelectric (using crystals). MIT’s method is more cost effective.
Such traditional approaches have “high electrical impedance and bending rigidity, and can be quite expensive,” said Ju Li, Battelle Energy Alliance Professor in Nuclear Science and Engineering and professor of materials science and engineering at MIT.
Most harvesting methods are also meant for high frequency ranges, but this particular method works well for low frequency ranges like walking. So, this device is ideal for small movements in the arm and leg. Of course when you think of repetitive motion, you may worry about stress, but MIT’s device has held up well, keeping it’s integrity and performance even after 1,500 cycles. So, there is plenty of excitement about potential uses including “biomedical devices or embedded stress sensors in roads, bridges or even keyboards”. Although you may not have a lab at home fit for working on electrochemical devices, you can discover the power of movement and trigger your own reactions with an Arduino and one of our flex sensors. Try it in a glove or an elbow area of your sweatshirt and decide what event you would like to have happen. Could be nice for cosplay when you want to initiate a light sequence on a costume!
Every Wednesday is Wearable Wednesday here at Adafruit! We’re bringing you the blinkiest, most fashionable, innovative, and useful wearables from around the web and in our own original projects featuring our wearable Arduino-compatible platform, FLORA. Be sure to post up your wearables projects in the forums or send us a link and you might be featured here on Wearable Wednesday! | <urn:uuid:a4ad39b2-48ef-40cb-87bd-ea2f7b0b537a> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://blog.adafruit.com/2016/01/13/mit-working-on-electrochemical-energy-harvesting-wearablewednesday/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195528141.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20190722154408-20190722180408-00220.warc.gz | en | 0.939579 | 563 | 3.171875 | 3 |
Mark-marking with the help of letters carved into wooden blocks predates the Gutenberg printing revolution. Large-point-size typefaces manufactured from wood instead of lead alloy have been with us for centuries, too. However, for most of today’s graphic designers, what comes to mind when thinking of wood type is the panoply of styles used in the nineteenth-century ephemeral printing of France, Great Britain, and the United States.
To achieve a very similar surface effect with digital tools, it is not necessary for contemporary designers to rely on typefaces. The use of certain filters in Photoshop or Illustrator seems enough for many graphic artists. Some makers of digital typefaces have responded to this by marketing pre-distressed fonts, in order to save their customers from having to age the appearance of their text themselves.
Fortunately, the ease of applying filters hasn’t stopped the more historically aware graphic designers from searching for scalable vector fonts featuring letterforms more period-appropriate to the sought-after wood type aesthetic. Already in the early 1990s, Adobe’s type department was producing work in this vein (Birch, Mesquite, Rosewood, etc.). Several members of the American font community recently came together to support the Hamilton Wood Type Museum in Two Rivers, Wisconsin, which is indeed an unequaled sanctuary for remaining wooden type sorts from the 19th and 20th centuries. Under P22’s auspices, there is now a Hamilton Wood Type Foundry distributing new digital fonts inspired by old wooden type.
One of my favorite works of 2013 is their HWT Tuscan Extended typeface, made by Frank Grießhammer. It may come as no surprise that Grießhammer is with Adobe. Perhaps in honor of their own pioneering digital wood-type-style fonts, Adobe seems to be actively supporting both the Hamilton museum and the HWT foundry. Grießhammer is not the first Adobe designer to release a font via HWT, (see Miguel Sousa’s contribution), but HWT Tuscan Extended is the weirdest so far. Indeed, its letterforms were the strangest, most odd-looking glyphs that anyone in 2013 was likely to see.
HWT Tuscan Extended is a useful digital tool, within the limits permitted by such an unusual design. The font includes both uppercase and lowercase letters (a feat uncommon in many real wood type faces), and accents for dozens of European languages (a feature not common in virtually any real wood type face).
Dan Reynolds loves fonts & cares about letterforms. He is a typeface designer and design researcher in Berlin, and he’s finishing up the last year of work on a five-year stint at the Braunschweig University of Art. In 2015, he finally started working on the dissertation he planned in 2011; it is due in 2017 or ’18. Wish him luck! He really needs it. | <urn:uuid:5842acdd-b936-4306-ac64-9b0ba04b8995> | CC-MAIN-2016-40 | http://typographica.org/typeface-reviews/hwt-tuscan-extended/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-40/segments/1474738660916.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20160924173740-00119-ip-10-143-35-109.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94726 | 603 | 2.546875 | 3 |
The Celtic tribal groups had exchanged their cultures and language across the Irish Sea from the earliest days. The Irish, taking advantage of Roman withdrawal, competed with the Scots, Picts, and Saxons, for a piece of Welsh territory. Inscribed stones document this exchange of culture, which became scattered about the landscape of Wales. [Ogam inscriptions, some with Latin and Ogam.] It was the threat of Irish invasion that brought Cunedda from the Men of the North to help save Gwynedd! [The northern most territory in Wales.]
Things had pretty much settled down by the Norman invasion. The Celtic Church had adopted the Roman Church way of life [hair cuts, calender, marriage, and the like] except for a few of those fringe elements that seemed to want to remain a little more independent. Hadrian IV, the first and only English Pope (1154-1159 AD), decided to give Ireland to Henry II. This Pope essentially wanted Henry II to conquer Ireland and bring this island under the influence and guidance of the Church in Rome. Henry II directed Richard de Clare, Earl of Pembroke, nicknamed Strongbow, to take a leadership roll in this endeavor. Strongbow took a large number of Welsh archers and Welsh cavalry to Ireland. These folks were essentially private adventurers from Wales seeking lands of their own. This invasion was most successful around the city of Dublin, and English law was established as in an English shire. The area around Dublin became know as "the Pale". Under Edward I, Dublin, Waterford, and Cork became the major trading towns under English (was actually Norman) control.
It was during this time time that many of the Welsh families settled in Ireland. Here they began their families' tradition among the Irish. Of course the Welsh kept some of their culture, language, and naming system which was always a puzzle to the Normans, Anglo-Saxons, and ultimately what became the English. Thus the Welsh brought to Ireland their frequently used Christian name JOHN. The Church, using Latin, would spell it IOAN. The Normans using French would spell it JEVAN. The Welsh using their language would spell it SION. The Anglo-Saxons using their language spelled it JOHN. Those Welsh who mostly came to fight were under Norman influence and adopted JEVAN. The Irish would spell it "SEAN" (Shawn) The literature of the time records both "ap Jevan", "ap John", and in many cases "ap Ievan". Thus begins the JONES surname in Ireland. [More to come!]
For reference to Ogam see:
"A History of Wales", by John Davies, p. 47.
"The Celtic Realms", by Myles Dillon and Nora Chadwick, pp. 38-40. | <urn:uuid:6c4eb5a5-8d16-44fb-813f-da5049f94003> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://thejonessurname.blogspot.com/2011/10/jones-surname-to-ireland.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507446525.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005726-00148-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976786 | 573 | 3.5 | 4 |
Alternative approaches to mental health care rely on more than just therapy sessions and medication to solve the problem. They include an emphasis on the interrelationship between mind, body, and spirit. Although alternative practices have a long history, they also remain a controversial alternative or additive to traditional Western mental health care. Here are a few examples of some alternative mental health care methods and how they might help various people cope with mental health disorders.
Finding and interacting with individuals who have gone through similar experiences to yours is an invaluable tool. Self-help groups for various mental illnesses are invaluable for recovery and self-empowerment. Instead of relying on a person who may or may not have experienced something similar to you, a self-help group is full of individuals who can fully empathize with what you are going through. These groups or meetings involve some of the following:
- People who have similar needs
- Facilitation by a survivor or other layperson
- Assistance with life-disrupting events, such as death, serious accidents, abuse, addiction, or diagnosis of a mental, physical, or emotional disability
- Operation on an informal, free-of-charge, and nonprofit basis
- Voluntary, anonymous, and confidential
- Provide support and education
Diet and Nutrition
While diet and nutrition can’t solve a hormonal imbalance, they can certainly make symptoms better. Adjusting what you eat can help some people with mental illnesses. For example, some studies show eliminating milk and wheat products can reduce the severity of symptoms for those who have schizophrenia or some children who have autism. Likewise, some physicians use various holistic substances to treat anxiety, depression, autism, drug-induced psychoses, and hyperactivity; for example, some doctors use herbal treatments, riboflavin, magnesium, B-complex vitamins, and thiamine in treatments.
Some people find it infinitely more soothing to speak with their religious leaders rather than a therapist, who isn’t associated with any particular religious community. Religious leaders sometimes have training in counseling, but for those who find praying helpful in relieving stress, therapy from their priest or pastor can have the additional advantage of coming from the same set of spiritual beliefs. Counselors working in traditional faith communities often find a need to incorporate psychotherapy and/ or medication along with prayer and spirituality to help someone effectively with mental disorders.
Animal Assisted Therapies
Many people have found working with an animal or animals under the guidance of a health care professional may benefit some people with mental illnesses by facilitating positive changes, such as acquiring better socialization skills and increased empathy. Animals can also be used as part of group therapy programs to encourage communication and improve people’s ability to focus. Individual animal therapy has also helped in developing self-esteem and reducing loneliness and anxiety.
Expressive therapy includes expressing oneself through art as a means of communication and dealing with stress. For example, art therapy uses drawing, painting, and sculpting to help people resolve inner conflicts, release deeply repressed emotions, develop self-awareness, and foster personal growth. Some mental health professionals use art therapy as a diagnostic tool and as a way to help treat disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, and abuse-related trauma.
Other treatments include dance/ movement therapy and music/ sound therapy. Dance/ movement therapy allows people recovering from physical, sexual, or emotional abuse regain a sense of ease with their own bodies. Music therapy helps improve blood flow, blood pressure, breathing, pulse rate, and posture. Research shows music stimulates the body’s opiates and endorphins, providing a natural “feel good” response to listening to it. Music/ sound therapy has been used to treat stress, grief, depression, autism in children, schizophrenia, and other mental health issues. It has also been used to diagnose mental health needs.
Culturally Based Healing Arts
Many non-Western cultures have healing practices many health professional use in conjunction with traditional Western medicine. For example, acupuncture, shiatsu, reiki, Ayurveda, yoga, sweat lodges, and talking circles all apply beliefs from non-Western cultures that emphasize the following:
- Wellness is a balancing of the physical, spiritual, and mental/ emotional selves
- Illnesses are caused by imbalances in the body
- This imbalance can be corrected by herbal/ natural remedies, nutrition and exercise, and meditation and/or prayer
Acupuncture can be used to help those who suffer from addiction by way of detoxification, to alleviate anxiety and stress, to treat ADHD in children, and to treat the negative side effects of depression. It is also used to help those suffering from physical ailment, such as chronic back pain. Some insurance companies even cover the cost of several acupuncture treatments to treat various illnesses and conditions.
Ayurvedic medicine incorporates an individualized regimen to treat a variety of different conditions. For example, providing people with a healthy diet, meditation, herbal preparations, or other techniques has helped treat depression, facilitate lifestyle changes, and release stress and tension through meditation or yoga.
Native American Traditional Practices
Part of Indian Health Service programs to treat depression, stress, trauma, and substance abuse includes ceremonial dances, cleansing rituals, and chants.
Yoga and meditation can help people breathe more easily, improve posture, increase flexibility, and decrease stress. Some mental health providers encourage people to take up yoga or meditation in combination with other treatments to combat depression, anxiety, and stress-related disorders.
Cuentos originated in Puerto Rico. Based on folktales, therapists use stories containing healing themes and models of behavior, such as self-transformation and endurance through adversity. This therapy is used primarily to help Hispanic children recover from depression and other mental health issues related to leaving one’s home and living in a foreign culture.
Relaxation and Stress-Reduction Techniques
Using various relaxation and stress-reduction techniques have helped many people manage their mental health disorders. For example, the following have been used successfully to treat such mental health issues as stress, depression, panic disorders, phobias, and addiction:
- Guided imagery/ visualization
- Massage therapy
- Phone counseling
- Electronic communications
- Radio psychiatry
Technology, in particular, has made it much easier for people to seek help anonymously and without the added stress of leaving the house. For people in more rural areas, technology has also allowed them to seek counseling when none was previously available in their city or town. It has also contributed to online consumer groups exchanging information, views on mental health, experiences, alternative medicine, treatment systems, and so on, helping them seek alternative treatment methods they had never before considered.
If you or a loved one have a mental health issue, consider talking to one of our Chico mental health professionals about it. Therapeutic Solutions has more than 20 years of combined experience in helping people with behavioral health issues, such as anxiety and depression. We believe in a multi-disciplinary approach because we believe it is the most effective way to provide quality care. Let us talk to you about the various programs we offer in an appointment.
Contact us at (530) 899-3150 or fill out our online form to request an appointment. If you’d like to refer someone, you can also visit our page to refer a patient today. We look forward to speaking with you! | <urn:uuid:91524091-cfa4-4244-adf7-86e53be4411e> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://therapeutic-solutions.com/understanding-alternative-mental-health-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224650201.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20230604161111-20230604191111-00535.warc.gz | en | 0.946474 | 1,551 | 3.34375 | 3 |
If you suffer from irritable bowel syndrome, you will know how frustrating it is to find answers about your condition. Irritable bowel syndrome is challenging to treat and diagnose and may have many underlying causes, but a recent study found that they may have found the culprit of your problems, and that’s your mast cells! Wonder what a mast cell is? Here I will review the findings of the recent study bu scientists at KU Leuven.
What is irritable bowel syndrome?
Irritable bowel syndrome is a digestive system condition, which causes severe discomfort and abdomen pain without any apparent structural damage to the digestive system. 10% – 15% of people suffer from irritable bowel disease, which can significantly impact life quality.
Are food allergies to blame?
Many people who suffer from irritable bowel syndrome find that removing inflammatory foods such as gluten and dairy helps with their symptoms, even though they don’t have celiac disease or an allergic reaction to these foods.
Many sufferers are not taken seriously due to the difficulty in diagnosis. As a result, their state of mind is usually to blame rather than an underlying problem in the gut. However, this recent study showed new insight into the mechanisms of this condition.
What did the study reveal about IBS?
Mast cells are immune cells which release histamine, usually in response to an allergen. An allergen is a particle such as pollen which can cause an allergic reaction. Scientists found that when histamine production was blocked, there was an improvement in IBS symptoms.
70% of the immune system, lives in the digestive system, and in a healthy intestine, the immune system doesn’t react to food. However, often symptoms of IBS happen after a gastrointestinal infection which disrupts the immune system making it more reactive to food, and as a result, releasing histamine.
As this was a small study, more evidence is required to confirm its validity, but it appears that an infection of the digestive system leads to an increased release in histamine, causing symptoms of IBS.
So what can you do it you have IBS?
If you have IBS, it is best to find out the health of your digestive system by doing a stool test to see whether you have a healthy gut. Once you understand this, you can take steps to improve your gut function, and use natural or medical therapies to remove any infections in the gut. I offer comprehensive diagnostic stool tests in my clinic to help you understand your problem’s root cause. If you are interested in exploring this, you can contact the clinic HERE.
In the meantime, as the study found histamine was a crucial driver in these conditions, including foods which suppress the release of histamines such as quercetin, green tea, curcumin and chamomile tea might be worth exploring.
If you struggle with IBS and would like to improve your health today, you may benefit from doing my 3, 6 or 12-month health transformation packages. Find out more about my services HERE.
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[…] Find out more about the potential cause of IBS in my other article, could this be the cause of irritable bowel syndrome. […] | <urn:uuid:54bcf6cb-f5e5-49a7-8d60-1b21e7775c3b> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://theautoimmunitynutritionist.com/2021/02/06/wondering-what-the-cause-of-your-ibs-is-a-new-study-reveals-a-possible-cause/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224653930.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20230607143116-20230607173116-00681.warc.gz | en | 0.954786 | 691 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Resting behaviour of cattle in a slaughterhouse lairage
|Title||Resting behaviour of cattle in a slaughterhouse lairage|
|Author(s)||M. S. Cockram|
|Journal||British Veterinary Journal|
|Abstract||One-hundred and thirty-five groups of cattle were observed in a slaughterhouse lairage. Groups of cattle that arrived direct from farms took longer to lie down and spent less time lying down than those that arrived from markets. In 72 groups, the majority of time was spent with no animals in the group lying down. In only 42 groups was the majority of the time spent with more than 50% of the group lying down. In 97 groups, over 75% of the time in the lairage was spent with no cattle in the group moving. The proportion of time that cattle spent moving and lying down was also affected by the sexual composition of the group and also by group size. In cattle direct from farms, moving behaviour was greater in groups containing cattle with horns than in similar groups that did not contain cattle with horns.|
Using APA 6th Edition citation style.
Times viewed: 350 | <urn:uuid:669a3e1a-fea0-4194-8da7-43b470aa981d> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.islandscholar.ca/fedora/repository/ir%3A1275 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440644065954.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025425-00046-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96074 | 235 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Closer Look at the Divers|
divers surround STS-97 Mission Specialist Joe Tanner
as he trains for a spacewalk in the NBL.
are the backbone of the system and work in one of three
major roles: utility diver, camera diver or safety diver.
"The divers are the lifelines, teachers and coaches
for the astronauts while training for a spacewalk,"
said NBL Director Ernest Becker.
the divers, the astronauts are taught how to open hatches,
use tools and move in the weightless environment of
the facility. "Most of the task training and timeline
training are done at the NBL," said Lisa Spense,
an NBL flight lead.
team determines the most efficient and convenient way
to perform tasks needed for a spacewalk. The flight
lead puts together a rough procedure, but it is not
until the divers hit the water that the orchestration
Scott Parazynski said the divers are as knowledgeable
as they are helpful. "They work with [spacewalk]
training every day, and they can tell right away if
you are developing a bad habit and they help you correct
it," he said. "They are really good teachers."
watch an astronaut perform a spacewalk that has been
rehearsed in the NBL is a powerful moment for everyone
who works in the facility. "While watching spacewalks,"
diver Ashley Porter said, "we can take a step back
from the everyday work and realize what it is we are
of the NBL
In place at
the Sonny Carter Training Facility is an intricate system of teams
working together to teach astronauts how to perform space station
assembly tasks, which are the most extensive and complex spacewalks
Read the story
of assistant dive operations training officer Gavin
Perform spacewalk and bailout training at the NBL.
Gas System Group: Produces and controls all of the breathing
gas -- Nitrox -- that the divers use.
Monitor the communication systems during water tests.
Help the suited subjects with all of their tasks. There is a minimum
of four divers per suited subject.
Works with designing the shuttle and station mockups.
Control System Group:
Ensures test subjects receive adequate suit conditions.
Engineering Team: Decides the configuration of the pool
for a set of tests and generates animation of the test configurations
to check layout and clearances.
Range Planning Group:
Schedules the training events that go into the tank.
Performs planned and unplanned maintenance on the mockups.
Always present while divers are in the water to ensure health and
safety. Physically examines test subjects and divers before each
Works in the evening to reconfigure the pool for the next day's
Takes care of the maintenance, repair and testing of the shuttle
and space station remote manipulator system.
An astronaut or engineer in the extravehicular mobility unit, or
Works to ensure the EMU is in top condition for each suited subject.
Stays with an assigned crew while training for a spacewalk and gives
the training manager inputs.
Ensures everything runs smoothly, including environmental control
systems, gas flow, cooling to suit and communications.
Ensures test safety during the training in the pool.
Provides tools for the training events. These tools are downgraded
flight units that are used for training.
Sit on the pool deck during tests and ensure the safety of the divers. | <urn:uuid:9f1a3f93-4a42-489b-84bb-a1e7b12f9e72> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/shuttle/support/training/nbl/teams.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368699113041/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516101153-00088-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89822 | 736 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Pal-Item Part of the USA Today Network on 3/19/2018 by Mike Emery
WAYNE COUNTY, Ind. — Teenagers are indeed different from adults.
They think differently. Their emotions drive them differently. They act differently.
Therefore, it makes sense to treat them differently than adults.
Three Teaching the Teen Brain training sessions this month taught this to Wayne County educators and education administrators. Sponsored by the Wayne County Probation Department’s Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative and Centerstone, the sessions were conducted at schools in the Centerville, Hagerstown and Northeastern districts.
“The three trainings provided 45 educators and administrators new skills for interacting with youth, gave them an understanding of the teen brain and why youth behave the way they do,” said Kory George, Wayne County’s chief probation officer, in a news release.
Five local trainers have been certified in the Teaching the Teen Brain program that was developed by Butler University’s Brandie Oliver, the release said. Keith Morey of Centerville, Chris Ross of Test Middle School, Kristin Lumpkin of Centerstone, John Engle of Lincoln and Karla Hobson of Hagerstown provided the local instruction.
The training, which was piloted in Tippecanoe County, teaches educators about adolescent brain development, the impact of trauma in a school environment and classroom management strategies to increase compliance and decrease school disruptions, according to the release. The ultimate goal is to increase learning time in schools.
Teaching the Teen Brain follows the Policing the Teen Brain program that has been taught to local police officers. Police officers and teachers, the release said, receive little formal training in youth management strategies. The idea for Teaching the Teen Brain came from Tippecanoe County Judge Faith Graham, and 108 education professionals served as the testing ground for what became a six-hour course.
“The educators and administrators that attended are showing that working effectively with youth is a priority,” George said. “I am hopeful the new approaches and skills help them in their classrooms. We plan to continue to provide supports in our community that have been effective elsewhere in Indiana, and nationally, in reducing the number of youth that are arrested.”
Wayne County Probation Department is a Juvenile Detention Alternatives Initiative site, the release said. The JDAI system, which teaches that a reduction in secure detention does not sacrifice public safety, promotes reducing the number of youth unnecessarily or inappropriately detained, minimizing the number of youth who fail to appear in court, redirecting public funds toward successful reform strategies and improving the juvenile justice system.
Richmond Police Department’s Youth Services Division, which has been rejuvenated this year, includes Detective Neal VanMiddlesworth, who is trained in JDAI, offering a different perspective on when detention might not be the best avenue for a youth.
Policing the Teen Brain training also exposes police officers to reasons why youth might act as they do in stressful situations or following trauma because of the differences in their brains compared to adults. That understanding can shed a different light on their actions and what might help the youth.
Recently released statistics indicate that Wayne County youth continue to be impacted by poverty, hunger and neglect or abuse at high rates. The Kids Count Data Book from the Indiana Youth Institute indicates that 25.2 percent of Wayne County children live in poverty, the ninth-highest percentage among Indiana’s 92 counties, and that 23.5 percent are food insecure, ranking third in the state for percentage of children who do not have nutritionally sound foods consistently available.
Department of Child Services statistics from 2017 recorded 417 substantiated cases of neglect, sexual abuse or physical abuse for Wayne County children. The number has skyrocketed during the past five years fueled by adult substance abuse and addiction. | <urn:uuid:19d0016e-a9e4-4584-81e7-f6344af429e3> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://gopopai.org/training-educates-educators-on-how-teen-brains-work/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376832259.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20181219110427-20181219132427-00408.warc.gz | en | 0.952474 | 788 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Welcome back to the next instalment of Development for Designers! If you missed the last article, please do give it a read. In this article I will discuss a school of thinking which arguably bridges the gap between development and design.
The catch-phrase, keyword or concept that you need to get seriously familiar with is “Atomic Design”. Atomic Design was coined as:
“…a methodology for creating design systems.” – Brad Frost
To me, this was a breakthrough. As a developer I know that logic is built up from the smallest concepts; variables, arrays, functions, classes. As a designer, the same applies. I can build something complex from selecting complementary colours, fonts, positive or negative space, and shape. Indeed, it’s one giant metaphor for our own human existence.
Essentially, Atomic Design works as follows: atoms form molecules, molecules form organisms. Organisms can be complex or simple. A bacteria or a human being sitting behind this computer writing about the very concept. We are all examples of Atomic Design.
This very methodology is characterised perfectly for web experiences, the IoT (Internet of Things), or mobile development, as it provides an architecture that solidifies simplicity to create something complex. After all, isn’t simplicity the ultimate sophistication?
Systems, Not Pages
Atomic Design is a system. A system that works together with multiple parts to create something unique. It’s a system that can be understood whether you are a designer or a developer, and thus, makes both jobs easy to maintain, change, and push forward. Not to mention, it also relieves stress and pressure if, say, a key designer or developer needs to be replaced or leave a team.
Here’s a quick overview:
Atoms are the basic building blocks; entities which can’t be broken down any further whilst still remaining functional. They are the HTML tags such as
Atoms can also be used for colour palettes or fonts. It would be good to note, however, that atoms can be fairly abstract on their own without context. A well-defined atom will produce a well-formed molecule.
Molecules are combinations and arrangements of atoms. Essentially the backbone of your design system. A molecule would be something like navigation or a search form, comprising for example an
<label> atom, and a
<button> atom. Along with a few more if you felt like creating a complex molecule.
An organism builds even further, giving us a combination of molecules. The entire header of a website may be considered an organism. From its base structure, it involves a unique arrangement of atoms and molecules to create a complex organism. A footer section would be considered an organism. If we look at it in context, the product grid within a WooCommerce template would be considered an organism; it repeats the same molecule with different content, or even the same atoms with different values for each.
Although this section doesn’t really have anything to do with the analogy Brad has been building up, templates can be used or reused to display arrangements of organisms.
At this point, layout becomes really essential. Humans start as simple cells, grow to a foetus, a fully formed baby, child, teenager, young adult, and we’ll stop the analogy when we get to our prime. The prime template being an aesthetically pleasing, semantic arrangement of organisms, molecules and atoms. Essentially, we are referring to wireframes that have been developed over time.
When a template reaches prime, and we flesh it out with images, content and copywriting, etc., we have a page. A page, for instance, would be uploaded to a tool like InVision for basic user testing before going into development.
I will leave you with a few final thoughts. There is no right way to handle the relationship between developers and designers. Building a web experience—be it a website, platform, network, SaaS, or PaaS—is about combining the talents and insights of both designers and developers. The one cannot live without the other. Thus, no project should ever be void of either designer or developer. I’m hoping by the end of this series that you will understand what I’m getting at in a better light, and maybe it will give you some ideas on how to work better with your team-mates.
I would also like to mention that as much as this series is focused on developers and designers, it doesn’t mean to say that I don’t acknowledge content managers or copywriters; your work is just as paramount when it comes to making a web experience great.
Now that you have an understanding of Atomic Design, we can really get to work fleshing out how it transcends into design and development.
In the coming articles we are going to deep dive into the respective worlds of front and back-end. If you are a designer, or even a beginner developer, the next two articles will help you gain the requisite foundational knowledge. If you’re coming from the design world, or even print, moving toward development, the concepts that I’ll be explaining will help you close the gap in understanding that is the transition from design to development. | <urn:uuid:062ad4a6-0df7-473d-99ad-a2647079862b> | CC-MAIN-2019-26 | https://webdesign.tutsplus.com/articles/development-for-designers-introduction-part-2--cms-27287 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-26/segments/1560627999000.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20190619143832-20190619165832-00004.warc.gz | en | 0.930163 | 1,086 | 3.0625 | 3 |
Divert Oxygen From Industrial Use to Covid19 Patients, Govt Tells States
The Union Home Secretary Ajay Kumar Bhalla has asked all chief secretaries of state to divert all industrial oxygen supplies for medical purposes only starting April 22, citing the severe rise in Covid19 cases. The Ministry of Home Affairs called medical oxygen an essential public health commodity earlier this week, and reinforced that an uninterrupted supply is critical to managing the severe second Covid19 wave.
The only industries that can still use oxygen for non-medical efforts are pharmaceuticals, ampoules and vials, steel plants, food and water purification, industries that require uninterrupted furnaces, nuclear energy facilities, wastewater treatment plants, oxygen cylinder manufacturers, and petroleum refineries. Other industries, that rely on major companies for oxygen supply, will have to either import or manufacture their own oxygen for specific requirements, official guidelines say. As of now, only a few major companies produce oxygen on a mass commercial level — Linde India, Goyal MG Gases Pvt Ltd, and National Oxygen Limited.
This drastic measure is necessary due to the increase in the amount of Covid19 cases coinciding with several reported shortages of medical oxygen across India. India’s active Covid19 cases are close to 15 lakh and are rising steadily; several states like Maharashtra are reporting a shortage of oxygen supply as their production capacity is fully exhausted. India is expected to import around 50,000 metric tonnes of oxygen to meet the country’s rising demand. The country’s current oxygen production ability is more than 7,000 metric tonnes daily, with several manufacturers of industrial oxygen voluntarily stopping the production of other gases to solely focus on oxygen needs.
Related on The Swaddle:
Industrial oxygen is different from oxygen in the air: it exists at 99.5% purity and is prepared in liquid, and has to be stored and transported at a very specific temperature. The core problem behind the shortage lies in India’s inability to produce enough oxygen cylinders and trucks to transport it. Transportation also requires cylinders of several sizes — liquid oxygen is converted into gas for transportation and utilization, and this gas is contained in cylinders. India does not have the ability to transport these cylinders of oxygen everywhere, especially to remote, rural regions.
Potential solutions floated by policy-makers include using argon and nitrogen tankers to transport oxygen. Other solutions include using trains to transport oxygen cylinders, and hospitals setting up large storage tanks to keep oxygen for at least 10 days in order to avoid the last-minute delay to acquire cylinders. In drastic situations, airlifting oxygen has also been viewed as an option.
As of now, the Centre is focused on ensuring that states most affected by Covid19 receive their fair share of oxygen. | <urn:uuid:439fbedf-8ffa-4556-a6b1-598516807ef7> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://theswaddle.com/divert-oxygen-from-industrial-use-to-covid19-patients-govt-tells-states/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233506028.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921141907-20230921171907-00108.warc.gz | en | 0.946629 | 569 | 2.59375 | 3 |
We all know JEE Main 2021 is considered as one of the toughest engineering exams in India and also, it is the only gateway to enter into IITs/NITs. But most of the JEE aspirants are confused on how to start the preparation. GradeUP brings to you a perfect strategy to start your preparation. First of all, you should be positive enough to believe in your strength and abilities to achieve your goal. Everything can be achieved with hard work , dedication and discipline.
We’re listing some important tips that will definitely help you to start your JEE Main 2021 exam preparation.
Start the Preparation for IIT – JEE
Below are the important factors that you should consider in order to start JEE Main Exam preparation
1. Prefer NCERT Books
To clear the JEE Main 2021 NCERT books is one of the best approaches to follow. Don’t under-estimate/ignore this book by thinking “NCERT is very easy, they are for board exams”. This is the common misconception which most of the students have.
The first requirement to start the preparation is to be thorough with the NCERT concepts. This plays a major role in the JEE-Main exam especially. NCERT books provide the basics you need to know before going further to high-level competitive books.
It is a conceptual book and very much important for your JEE-Main exam. Some questions (say 30-40%) from NCERT are even asked directly in JEE-MAIN paper. Some questions are indirectly asked and in a twisted form, but the concept behind it remains the same (if you are thorough with your NCERT syllabus).
2. Subject Preparation
Out of Physics, Chemistry, Maths, choose the subject in which you can score marks. Select the scoring subject accordingly. But for most of the students, Chemistry is the scoring subject. If you are thorough with NCERT (especially for chemistry, you can easily afford to score 100+ marks out of 120).
For physics, concept and theory are important in NCERT, but for the numerical part, you need to prefer reference books. For maths, practice as much as you can. Don’t leave a single example of your NCERT (they are easy but have a different approach and also provide the strongest root for the toughest problem).
3. Study Reference Books
Once you are done with your NCERT book, you can move further to reference books. Reference books provide both theoretical as well as multiple choice questions. Reference books are important in case you don’t understand any concept of NCERT or you find it lengthy or difficult to understand.
Prefer reference books in that case. Best reference books you can prefer R D SHARMA (for Maths), PRADEEP/NCERT (for Chemistry), S L ARORA/PRADEEP/DINESH and H C Verma (for Physics).
4. Study Materials
Nowadays with increasing advancement in DISTANCE LEARNING EDUCATION, many renowned institutions or coaching centres have started providing their study materials online/offline.
You can collect these study materials according to your syllabus for JEE Main and prefer it. This will provide you with a platform to understand and practice multiple-choice questions. JEE-Main includes 90 questions (30 questions per subject-physics, chemistry, Maths) in MCQ format (Objective type). So to practice such a pattern of the question, you need to prefer study material.
But remember, you should not forget the concepts of NCERT. Don’t mess your concepts with the lengthy formulae of study material. Prefer materials only to practice questions, not to learn the toughest formula or concept. Also solve previous year question papers of JEE Main.
5. Key Points
Always maintain a separate notebook to note down important key points or formulas or concepts. This will help you to revise quickly before your exam. Also, revise/memorize these notes on a daily basis. You can also note down your weak points or your mistakes. This would prevent you from attaining negative marks in your JEE-Main.
Practice regularly, discover your mistakes and work to improve/overcome it. This will surely save you from negative marking. So maintaining your own proper notes can help you reduce your time in revising, it will help you overcome panic, and it will give you a clear picture of the topics you are weak in.
6. Previous Year Exam Papers
In order to improve your performance, or check your preparation, daily practice previous years paper to know your status. This will help you to improve test-speed or time management. You will get a new question and patterns to practice, it will build your knowledge/skill. This will develop confidence in yourself and help you remove your panic/depression. You can also analyze yourself about your weak/strong subjects and work accordingly.
So, previous years papers play an important role, don’t neglect it. Practice on a daily basis, analyze your preparation and overcome it. Expand your knowledge every day and become confident enough with your practice. Maintain a proper diet and sleep time, keep your mind healthy and fresh and enrich yourself with confidence to overcome this challenging exam (JEE Main).
Go Gradeup. Score Better. | <urn:uuid:83e1a67c-f820-429f-b64b-0442eb4227dd> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://educationaltouch.com/how-to-start-the-preparation-for-iit-jee-main/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711042.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20221205164659-20221205194659-00340.warc.gz | en | 0.923719 | 1,109 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A scholar with arcane knowledge utilizes forbidden forces to bring a manufactured being to blasphemous life. When the hulking, misbegotten monster goes berserk, the horrified creator takes desperate action to destroy his wayward creation.
Does this story sound familiar, Franken-freaks? Any monster maven will recognize the concept as the basis of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and the many works that have since emulated it. But the tale I’ve just described predates Shelley’s great Gothic novel, its mythological roots extending back centuries. The creature is the golem of Jewish folklore, arguably the first “man-made” monster in Western culture and a possible progenitor of Victor Frankenstein’s creation.
The Hebrew word golem originally referred to a “shapeless mass,” and, indeed, the golem of legend began as a formless lump of clay, which a Jewish Kabbalist sculpted into a hulking humanoid form. The sorcerer then brought the creature to life through the use of magic Hebrew words. In some cases, the word would be scrawled on a parchment and placed in the creature’s mouth; in other instances, the word was inscribed on the figure’s forehead or chest. While animated, the golem would be its creator’s slave, bound to do his bidding. By removing or altering the magic words, the magician could again reduce the monster to an inert statue.
References to golems appear in texts as old as the Talmud, but by far the most famous tale of such a creature is that of the Golem of Prague. In the late 16th century, Rabbi Judah Loew ben Bezalel ostensibly created a powerful golem to defend the Jewish community in Prague from harassment by hostile locals. However, he made sure to deactivate the sentinel statue every Friday evening so that it would not disturb the devout Jews on the Sabbath the following day. One fateful Friday, however, the rabbi became preoccupied and forgot to incapacitate the golem. The clay being went on a rampage, and Rabbi Loew was forced to risk his own life to stop the monster. Although he stilled the golem once and for all, legend has it that he kept the dormant clay figure in the attic of the Old-New Synagogue in Prague, where it remains ready to be revivified if the Jewish people ever need its protection again.
My wife and colleague Kelly Dunn and I recently had the pleasure of visiting the ancient and wonderful city of Prague, once the seat of the Kingdom of Bohemia, now the capital of the Czech Republic. The city still venerates Rabbi Loew with a statue in his honor outside the new town hall. As luck would have it, we arrived just before the Sabbath and did not have a chance to go inside the Old-New Synagogue, which was preparing for worship. (Incidentally, we never received an explanation of the apparent oxymoron of the landmark’s name. I imagine that, in the distant past, someone built the city’s first synagogue. Then, when the present building was constructed sometime in the 13th century, it became the “New Synagogue.” At some later date, an even newer synagogue opened its doors, resulting in the confusing taxonomy, like so: “Oh, no, that’s the New-New Synagogue! You want the Old-New Synagogue.”) Kelly and I cannot tell you what, if anything, lies in the attic of that holy place…but that figure behind Kelly in the photo below makes me wonder.
Given the similarities between the two narratives, it is tempting to think that the cautionary tale of the Golem of Prague might have inspired Mary Shelley as she conceived of Frankenstein. Certainly, the image of Rabbi Loew and his misshapen figure of animate clay springs to mind when Shelley, in her introduction to the 1831 edition of the book, describes the nightmare that inspired her novel:
I saw—with shut eyes, but acute mental vision,—the pale student of unhallowed arts kneeling beside the thing he had put together. I saw the hideous phantasm of a man stretched out, and then, on the working of some powerful engine, show signs of life, and stir with an uneasy, half vital motion.
In the novel, Victor Frankenstein even speaks of striving “to animate the lifeless clay,” as if his monster of flesh were a sculpted golem. Although film adaptations show Frankenstein assembling his creature from body parts harvested from cadavers, some scholars have pointed out that, in the novel, the scientist seems to fashion the raw material of his monster from scratch, so to speak. Mary Shelley cleverly uses this fact to explain the creature’s gargantuan size:
As the minuteness of the parts formed a great hindrance to my speed, I resolved, contrary to my first intention, to make the being of gigantic stature, that is to say, about eight feet in height, and proportionably large.
Like any pragmatic engineer, Frankenstein modifies his prototype to make it easier to work on. Miniaturization can wait until the product is ready for mass production!
As appealing as it is to theorize that Mary Shelley had the story of the Golem of Prague in mind when conceiving of Frankenstein, she makes no explicit reference to the fable in her writings. Indeed, in his article “The Golem of Prague” (Fortean Times #238, August 2008), Czech journalist Ivan Mackerle states that he was unable to find any account of the story in historical documents from the 16th and 17th centuries and says the apocryphal narrative of Rabbi Loew may be an elaboration on a legend brought to Prague by Hassidic Jews from Poland in the early 1800s—too late for Shelley to have used it as the basis for her horror story. Still, Mary Shelley seems to have tapped into the universal archetype the golem represents and reinvented it for the modern age by making its genesis scientific rather than magical, a topic I addressed in this earlier blog post.
Although not, strictly speaking, science fiction, the cautionary tale of the Golem of Prague could be said to have engendered an entire subgenre of sf, for it is the primordial “Bad Robot” story. It comes as no coincidence, therefore, that in 1920, almost 400 years after Rabbi Loew, Prague also gave the world its first actual Bad Robot story, a science-fictional play entitled R.U.R. by the Czech writer Karel Čapek. The abbreviation stands for Rossum’s Universal Robots, a fictional company in the play that manufactures the world’s first line of artificial humanoids. Karel, with the assistance of his brother Joseph Čapek, derived the term “robot” from the Czech word robota, which can mean either “hard work” or “slave labor.”
The robots in the drama are not mechanical, however, but rather an assemblage of fabricated biological organs and tissue—again, shades of Frankenstein. Like the Golem of Prague, Rossum’s robot servants turn on the humans they were created to serve, rising up in violent rebellion. The play ends with the new beings virtually exterminating humanity—a sobering finale to us in the 21st century, where genetic engineering and burgeoning artificial intelligence threaten to make the grim prognostications of Shelley and Čapek a reality.
Somewhere, Rabbi Loew shakes his head sadly…and a sleeping golem awaits its ultimate resurrection.
If this post whet your appetite for more monster mayhem, be sure to check out the Kindle ebook of FRAULEIN FRANKENSTEIN at Amazon here.
And don’t forget that I will be signing copies of the fabulous Shadowridge Press paperback edition of FRAULEIN FRANKENSTEIN at the venerable Dark Delicacies horror bookstore in Burbank, California, at 4pm on Saturday, July 8th.
You’ll also have the opportunity to get signed copies of books by other wonderful Shadowridge Press authors, including Dennis Etchison (The Death Artist, Red Dreams, The Blood Kiss), Tracy Carbone (The Proteus Cave, The Rainbox), and my ONE NIGHT AT THE VILLA DIODATI co-authors Kelly Dunn (Beloved of the Fallen, editor of Mutation Nation) and the irrepressible Peter Atkins (screenwriter of Hellbound: Hellraiser II and Wishmaster and author of Morningstar, Big Thunder, and Rumours of the Marvellous). We’ll have copies of the DIODATI chapbook available for purchase and signing, as well. Here’s a link to the Dark Delicacies website for more info, including directions to the store:
For those who can’t make it to Burbank on July 8th, you’ll be happy to hear that Dark Delicacies will take your pre-orders over the phone, and will ship your order for an extra charge. All of us at Shadowridge Press would like to express our sincere gratitude to Del and Sue Howison of Dark Delicacies for hosting the event.
Hope to see you all there! | <urn:uuid:1ad70d75-98d6-4b17-88d0-5c8843dd7b1b> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | https://stephenwoodworth.wordpress.com/2017/06/29/before-frauleinbefore-frankensteinthere-was-the-golem/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676593051.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20180722061341-20180722081341-00161.warc.gz | en | 0.952614 | 1,936 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Legionnaires’ disease (Legionellosis) is a bacterial infection of the lungs., and causes symptoms similar to pneumonia. Without treatment, illness can be severe or fatal.
The bacterium that causes Legionellosis is found naturally in freshwater environments like lakes and streams. It can become a health concern when it grows and spreads in human-made water systems like cooling towers, hot tubs that aren’t drained after each use, large plumbing systems, and other places that hold or process warm water. Air conditioning in homes and cars units do not use water to cool the air, so they are not a risk for growth of this bacteria.For more information
Hot Tub Displays and Legionella Risk
Hot tub displays at temporary events may pose a risk for Legionnaires’ disease, a type of pneumonia caused by inhaling mist containing Legionella bacteria.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is alerting environmental and public health practitioners about the public health need to maintain, clean and disinfect hot tubs properly to reduce potential exposure to Legionella. This guidance for environmental and public health practitioners can minimize risk for Legionella exposure from hot tub displays at temporary events (e.g., fairs, home and garden shows, conventions). Environmental health practitioners should work with event planners and hot tub vendors to minimize the risk of Legionella exposure even if the hot tub is only for display.
Guidance for Environmental and Public Health Practitioners
Legionella grows best in warm water (77°F–108°F), like the water temperatures used in hot tubs. Warm temperatures also make it hard to keep disinfectants, such as chlorine, at the levels needed to kill bacteria like Legionella. Disinfectant and other chemical levels in hot tubs should be checked regularly. Hot tubs should be cleaned as the manufacturer recommends.
A hot tub that is not adequately maintained can expose people to Legionella bacteria even if they do not get in it. This makes display hot tubs at temporary events a risk for Legionnaires’ disease if they contain Legionella bacteria. People with symptoms of Legionella exposure who have recent exposure to a hot tub filled with water should be encouraged to seek medical care.
Exposure to Legionella via aerosol or aspiration of water containing Legionella can lead to Legionnaires’ disease or Pontiac fever. Legionnaires’ disease is a severe type of pneumonia. Signs and symptoms can include cough, shortness of breath, muscle aches, headache, and fever. Most people get sick within 10 days of exposure, though the incubation period can be as long as 14 days. Pontiac fever symptoms are primarily fever and muscle aches; it is a milder illness than Legionnaires’ disease, and pneumonia is absent. Symptoms begin between a few hours to three days after being exposed to the bacteria and usually last less than a week.
Recommendations for Hot Tub Owners and Operators
Event planners and hot tub vendors should know about the risk that hot tubs pose when not maintained adequately, even if the hot tub is for display only. At vendor events where a hot tub is on display, the equipment vendor, display manager, or operator should:
- Obtain operator and chemical handling training, if required by state or local authorities. National training courses are listed at the CDC’s Pool/Spa Inspector Training website.
- Ensure that trained vendor staff are available at the display during operational hours.
- Maintain free chlorine (2–4 parts per million or ppm) or bromine (4–6 ppm) levels continuously.
- Maintain the pH level of the water at 7.2–7.8.
- Test pH and disinfectant levels at least twice per day.
- Maintain accurate records of disinfectant and pH measurements and maintenance activities.
At the end of each event, hot tub vendors should (in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations, where applicable):
- Clean the hot tub.
- Apply a biocidal shock treatment.
- Drain it, removing as much water from the system as possible.
- Remove filters.
- Leave filters to dry.
- Clean filters before reuse.
- Replace filters when recommended by the manufacturer.
- Protect the hot tub from external water sources (e.g., condensation drip, rain, humidity, moisture).
- Keep the hot tub as dry as possible between events. | <urn:uuid:ad339341-ba4d-423a-9bd7-a58967dfc41c> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.msdh.ms.gov/page/14,0,194,189.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296950373.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20230402012805-20230402042805-00280.warc.gz | en | 0.90775 | 909 | 3.875 | 4 |
Specialists from the Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics of the Academy of Sciences in Uzbekistan are working on an edible coronavirus vaccine, the Anadolu Agency reported.
They’re attempting to create it by changing the tomato’s genetics. They recently cloned the crown part of the coronavirus strain detected in the country and are now trying to use it to produce a revolutionary edible transgenic tomato vaccine.
The Uzbek scientists placed the crown part of the coronavirus into the plant cells and discovered that those cells act as a vaccine. It’s expected that people consuming these genetically altered tomatoes will produce antibodies the way they would upon receiving a vaccine.
The researchers’ choosing tomato for the edible vaccine carrier isn’t accidental. One of the reasons scientists opted for tomatoes is that they don’t need to be thermally processed before consumption.
This requirement is essential for creating a functional edible vaccine, as cells in charge of producing antibodies get destroyed at high temperatures.
Researchers have been working on this project since January and have already begun testing on animals. Once the animal tests are completed, the first step of clinical trials will start.
This groundbreaking vaccine could be an excellent solution for those unwilling or unable to undergo the vaccination process. However, its benefits, safety, and efficacy remain yet to be seen. | <urn:uuid:727dc902-77fe-48ee-b901-ddb6d1d62a47> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://supplements101.net/edible-transgenic-tomato-vaccine-from-uzbekistan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964362999.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20211204154554-20211204184554-00588.warc.gz | en | 0.932937 | 278 | 2.84375 | 3 |
A simple form of talking therapy, delivered by trained support workers over the telephone, reduced loneliness in older people left isolated during the pandemic, the initial results of a new study has revealed.
People were contacted weekly and were encouraged to maintain their social contacts and to stick to a daily schedule, which included both routine and enjoyable activities.
The intervention developed in the BASIL-C19 (Behavioural Activation in Social Isolation) study lasted for eight weeks and was designed in partnership with older people who had direct experience of social isolation, loneliness and depression during the pandemic.
The pandemic, and the restrictions that were imposed, has highlighted the importance of good mental health and social connection. Research conducted before the pandemic struck identified 1.4million older adults in England as experiencing significant loneliness with impacts on their mental health. Research since the pandemic shows that rates of loneliness and depression have increased, particularly for those who were self-isolating.
A team of leading researchers and clinicians anticipated the impacts of the pandemic on mental health and re-focussed their research expertise to examine the psychological impact of enforced isolation, disruption to daily routines, loss of social contact and loneliness.
The team included academics from the universities of York, including Hull York Medical School, Leeds, Keele and Manchester, and Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys (TEWV) NHS Foundation Trust, in partnership with leading charity, AgeUK.
They designed a very brief telephone delivered intervention to combat depression and loneliness. Older people appreciated the offer of telephone contact and they found the intervention to be helpful in maintaining daily routines and social contact.
The preliminary results have now been published in the leading journal PLOS Medicine. The research team found that there was evidence of improved mental health, and a strong indication that rates of loneliness are reduced substantially in the first three months. Building on these exciting early results, a much larger trial follow-on trial is currently recruiting at over 12 sites across England and Wales. The study will include over 600 older people and is the largest study ever undertaken to tackle loneliness and depression in this way.
The study was led from York by Professor Simon Gilbody, Director of the Mental Health & Addictions Research Group (MHARG) at the University of York and Hull York Medical School, and Professor David Ekers, Clinical Director for research and development at TEWV NHS Foundation Trust and Honorary Professor at the University of York.
Professor Gilbody said: “Our University-NHS partnership was ideally placed to respond to societal challenges of COVID-19.
“Older people and those with long term conditions entered enforced isolation, and this was very disruptive to people’s lives.
“We predicted increased rates of loneliness and depression for this vulnerable population, and we knew what might work to prevent this. Care in the NHS must be informed by the highest quality of evidence and we did not waste any time in deciding to set up a clinical trial to test this out.
“The research undertaken in the NHS is acknowledged to be world-leading in terms of its scale, rigour and impact. The NHS has led the way in understanding how best to respond to the pandemic.
“The first results of the pilot trial are now available, and there is now emerging evidence that it is possible to prevent loneliness and potentially improve mental health.”
Professor Carolyn Chew-Graham, a GP and leading researcher in the mental health of older people, based at Keele University added: “COVID-19 has unfortunately impacted on the mental health of older people. We know that social isolation can cause people to suffer from loneliness, low mood and anxiety. In this study, we tested how we can maintain older people’s mental health during this difficult time.”
Professor David Ekers added: “We have been researching in this area for the past 10 years, and we are ideally placed to help establish ‘what works’ in maintaining good mental health during the lockdown.
“This represents a great alliance between the Universities and the NHS to address the major challenges posed by COVID. Even as restrictions are lifted, many people remain socially isolated. The results of our research programme will be useful in the future in tackling the epidemic of loneliness.’’
The research, which is published just days after World Mental Health Day, was funded by a £2.6M grant from the National Institute for Health Research. The BASIL-C19 trial was the first trial of its kind to test the effectiveness of a psychological intervention to maintain population mental health during the pandemic.
Subject of Research | <urn:uuid:4bc7d792-9b37-4c2d-b3f0-ba7e140080c0> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/931303 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662588661.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220525151311-20220525181311-00262.warc.gz | en | 0.968111 | 961 | 2.625 | 3 |
School Year Programs
Want to schedule a field trip, or can’t make it to the museum? We’ll welcome you aboard or take some shore leave! Contact Katy Menne, Curator of Education, for more information! 910.477.5153 or [email protected]
Topics include: Lighthouses and Lightships, Maritime Tragedies, Local Sea life, Colonial Times, Civil War, Slavery, Native Americans and so much more!
NEW Homeschool programs are offered the last Friday of every month. Classes are geared for First Mates and Quartermasters, Ages 7 – 17, and run 2 – 3pm. Each class is $7 per child. All programs are subject to NC state taxes, 10% Family Membership and above discount applies. Registration closes the day prior at 5pm!
- January 25: Native Americans
Walk through the gallery and focus on Eastern Woodland Native Americans in the Lower Cape Fear. Their transportation, food-ways, and housing will be discussed. Walk to Indian Trail Tree to see their ingenuity first hand and discuss folklore and oral traditions. While in the park, students will write and illustrate their own creation stories.
- February 22: Pirates
Sail back to colonial pirate days and discuss our Gentleman Pirate Stede Bonnet and the Battle of the Sandbars. Learn propaganda and markings of pirate flags then create your very own to fly proudly.
- March 29: Colonial Time
Lesson will surround the settling on the Lower Cape Fear by Europeans and their success and failures. Students will learn how children entertained themselves in their free time by playing colonial games.
- April 26: Civil War & Slavery
Students will discuss plantation and city slaves in Brunswick County, from Colonial Times to the Civil War era, technological changes in warfare, as well as life on the home front.
- May 24: Sea Life
Students will learn about the sea life of the Lower Cape Fear Region and how they have helped the region economically.
- August 30: Lighthouses & Lightships
Discuss the importance of the three lighthouses of the Lower Cape Fear Region and the Frying Pan Lightship. Items include building materials, distance the light reaches, and type of light. Students will then paint their own lighthouse to take home.
- September 27: World Wars
Learn about life on the home front, and technology that helped and hindered the wartime efforts, including weaponry, significant naval battles, and how the families left behind made ends meet. Discuss women and African Americans in the Lower Cape Fear during this era.
- October 25: Fishing Fleet
How did this sleepy seaside town make money? Dive into what made Southport economically stable. Discuss types of fishing vessels and what they would haul up, with a special look at menhaden fishermen.
- November 22: Preservation & Conservation
Learn how natural and cultural organizations preserve artifacts for future generations, and the steps taken to protect our oceans. Brainstorm ways we can do our part to preserve and conserve the world we live in. | <urn:uuid:e326b665-2e44-4e16-b679-23bf621613a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-27 | https://cityofsouthport.com/event/nc-maritime-museum-school-year-programs-2019-11-22/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-27/segments/1656104141372.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220702131941-20220702161941-00619.warc.gz | en | 0.930188 | 621 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Bolivian exhibit sheds light on ancient hallucinogenic rituals
The objects exhibited in a gallery in downtown La Paz belong to the ancient Tiwanaku culture, which spread over the Andean highlands between 2000 BC and 1500 AD.
The spear tips, polished stones with llama wool wrapped around them and colorful hand-woven fabrics were kept in bags made with puma or jaguar skin and used in rituals to invoke indigenous deities.
But the star of the show is a carved wooden board studded with colorful stones from which indigenous shamans inhaled a hallucinogenic preparation – a powder made with seeds from the cohoba tree, which can be found in several South American countries.
Archaeologist Pablo Rendon describes the board, which has a human figure carved into it, as “really spectacular.” Although plenty of similar stone boards have been discovered in the Andean region, only a handful of wooden ones have been uncovered.
Also, the importance of this one lies in the fact it was found with other objects used for this particular ritual, all of which he says are in “mint condition.”
They were discovered by a local farmer in 1998 under a rock in Amaguaya, a village in the Andean highlands near lake Titicaca, and exhibited soon after. But they have not been seen by the general public for nearly ten years.
Rendon estimates the board was crafted between AD 350 and AD 1000, at the heyday of the Tiwanaku civilization. The set also includes a spoon made with llama bone and featuring a condor-like bird carved on the handle, which was used to measure the amount of powder to be inhaled.
Rendon said the psychedelic dust was consumed only by shamans, who found that getting high was the best way to rub shoulders with supernatural beings and “see into the future.”
(Photograph by David Mercado/REUTERS, April 3, 2009) | <urn:uuid:8b39269a-0af1-4468-9208-e10a8e7a8c07> | CC-MAIN-2016-36 | http://blogs.reuters.com/faithworld/2009/04/03/bolivian-exhibit-sheds-light-on-ancient-hallucinogenic-rituals/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-36/segments/1471982947845.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20160823200907-00264-ip-10-153-172-175.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972041 | 406 | 3.203125 | 3 |
A giant rock is walking among the "dirty iceballs" in the outer solar system, a new study suggests. Researchers say it may have journeyed there from the asteroid belt near Mars, or it may have been the victim of a cosmic crash that blasted away its once-icy exterior.
Quaoar was discovered in 2002 in the Kuiper belt, a ring of icy bodies beyond Neptune. At about 900 kilometres across, or 40 per cent as wide as Pluto, it is not the biggest denizen of the belt, but researchers now say it may be the densest.
Wesley Fraser and Michael Brown of Caltech confirmed its size by studying archival images from the Hubble Space Telescope. They also used Hubble images to study the motion of its moon, Weywot, which allowed them to calculate Quaoar's mass.
Combining the size and mass revealed Quaoar's density to be between 2.9 and 5.5 grams per cubic centimetre. That is much higher than that of other Kuiper belt residents like Pluto, which has a density of about 2.0 grams per cubic centimetre.
Quaoar's high density suggests it is made almost entirely of rock, unlike its neighbours, which are a mixture of ice and rock, the researchers conclude. They say the rocky world may be a refugee from the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter, thrown outwards early in the solar system's history, when the orbits of the giant planets are thought to have shifted.
Previously, other researchers have suggested that the same upheaval threw some Kuiper belt objects into the asteroid belt, so the new study suggests the migration may have been a two-way street.
But Renu Malhotra of the University of Arizona in Tucson says that hurling Quaoar from the asteroid belt to the Kuiper belt would have left it with an elongated orbit, making it hard to explain why Quaoar is on a nearly circular orbit today.
"I think that's pretty far-fetched," she says.
She favours the other possible explanation that Fraser and Brown suggest – that a collision with another Kuiper belt object blasted off most of Quaoar's ice, leaving behind only its dense, rocky core.
"That kind of thing seems a lot more possible to me," she says, noting that there were probably far more objects in the early Kuiper belt than there are today, making collisions more common in the past.
Journal reference: Astrophysical Journal Letters (in press)
If you would like to reuse any content from New Scientist, either in print or online, please contact the syndication department first for permission. New Scientist does not own rights to photos, but there are a variety of licensing options available for use of articles and graphics we own the copyright to. | <urn:uuid:074285f6-5880-41b0-ab7f-c8cfca5ee5b6> | CC-MAIN-2014-52 | http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn18739-is-densest-kuiper-belt-object-a-wayward-asteroid.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-52/segments/1418802769981.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075249-00111-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956683 | 579 | 3.453125 | 3 |
The background of the United States is vast and complicated, but can be broken down into milestones and periods that split, merged, and also changed the United States right into the country it is today. The American flag really did not resemble like it does currently. Aside from that, it undertook a lot of adjustments and modifications.
The American Revolutionary War
Enter the American Revolution. Often described as the American War of Independence, or the Revolutionary War, it was a conflict which lasted from 1775-1783 and also allowed the initial 13 colonies to stay independent from Great Britain. Starting in Great Britain in the late 1790s, the Industrial Revolution eventually made its way to the United States and transformed the emphasis of the nation’s economic climate as well as the means it produces products.
For more than 10 years before the episode of the revolution in 1775, tensions had actually been developing between colonists and also the British authorities. These stress arose from growing stress in between residents of Great Britain’s 13 North American colonies and the early american government (which represented the British crown). Efforts by the British government to raise income by collecting tax from the colonies (notably the Stamp Act of 1765, the Townshend Tariffs of 1767 as well as the Tea Act of 1773) met with violent objection amongst several colonists, that disliked their lack of representation in Parliament as well as demanded the exact same rights as various other British people. Colonial resistance resulted in violence in 1770, when British soldiers opened fire on a mob of colonists, eliminating five people in what was known as the Boston Massacre. After December 1773, when a band of Bostonians dressed as Mohawk Indians boarded British ships then unloaded 342 containers of tea into Boston Harbor, an annoyed Parliament passed a series of procedures (known as the Intolerable, or Coercive Acts) created to reassert imperial authority in Massachusetts.
George Washington was made its commander-in-chief. Congress hoped they could compel the British to bargain yet George III refused to negotiate. Rather, in August 1775 he proclaimed that all the American colonies were in a state of disobedience.
By the fall of 1781, the American forces had actually managed to compel the adversary to retreat to Virginia’s Yorktown peninsula, near where the York River clears into Chesapeake Bay. Claiming illness, the British general sent his deputy, Charles O’Hara, to surrender; after O’Hara approached Rochambeau to surrender his sword (the Frenchman deferred to Washington), Washington provided the nod to his own replacement, Benjamin Lincoln, that approved it. After French assistance aided the Continental Army compel the British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia, in 1781, the Americans had successfully won their freedom, though the battle would not officially finish til 1783.
The movement for American freedom effectively won at Yorktown, contemporary observers did not see that as the definitive triumph. British forces continued to be stationed around Charleston, and also the powerful major army still stayed in New York. The British removal of their troops from Charleston as well as Savannah in late 1782 finally pointed to completion of the dispute. British as well as American mediators in Paris signed preliminary peace terms in Paris late that November, as well as on September 3, 1783, Great Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States in the Treaty of Paris. At the same time, Britain signed different peace treaties with France and also Spain (which had gone into the conflict in 1779), bringing the American Revolution to a close after 8 long years.
Exactly how the American Flag became
The American flag was designed to stand for the brand-new union of the thirteen initial states: it would have thirteen stripes, alternating red and also white, and thirteen stars, white on a blue area. Among the very first flags had actually the stars set up in a circle, based on the suggestion that colonies were equal. The thirteen stripes, resting side by side, represented the struggle for independence; red meant valor, white signified pureness and blue stood for loyalty.
In 1818, after a few design adjustments, the United States Congress chose to preserve the flag’s initial thirteen stripes and add brand-new stars to show each new state that entered the union.
While there is no doubt that the real Betsy Ross was worthy of interest in her very own right, it is the tale of Betsy sewing the very first stars and stripes that has made her an unforgettable historic number. The Betsy Ross story was brought to spotlight in 1870 by her grand son, William Canby, in a speech he made to the Historical Society of Pennsylvania. Canby and various other participants of Betsy’s household signed sworn affidavits specifying that they heard the story of the making of the first flag from Betsy’s own mouth.
Based on the narrative history, in 1776, three men – George Washington, Robert Morris, and also George Ross, checked out Betsy Ross in her furniture shop. She accompanied them to her parlor, where they can have a private meeting. Here, Washington took a folded piece of paper from his inside jacket pocket. On it, was a drawing of a flag with thirteen red as well as white stripes and also thirteen 6-pointed stars.
Washington asked if Betsy can make a flag from the style. Betsy responded: “I do not know, yet I will try.” This line was made use of in the vouched declarations of numerous of Betsy’s family members, suggesting that it is a direct quote from Betsy. As the tale goes, Betsy recommended transforming the stars to five points instead compared to six.
However, some chroniclers think that it was Francis Hopkisnon who brought to life the idea of the Stars and Stripes. Francis Hopkinson was a prominent patriot, a lawyer, a Congressman from New Jersey, an endorser of the Declaration of Independence, poet, artist, and identified civil servant.
He was assigned to the Continental Navy Board on November 6,1776. It was while serving on the Continental Navy Board that he turned his focus on developing the flag of the United States. Making use of stars because style is thought to have actually been the outcome of an experience in the war directly pertaining to his propriety.
A publication in Hopkinson’s collection at his home in Bordentown was taken by a Hessian soldier in December 1776, a dark year of the battle. The soldier, one I. Ewald, created on the inside cover that he had actually seen the writer near Philadelphia and that he, Ewald, had taken the publication from a great nation seat near Philadelphia. The soldier had written over and below Hopkinson’s bookplate, which had three six pointed stars and also his household motto, “Semper Paratus”, or “Always Ready”.
In a letter to the Board of Admiralty in 1780 Hopkinson insisted that he had created “the flag of the United States of America” in addition to a number of ornaments, devices, and checks appearing on bills of exchange, ship documents, the seals of the boards of Admiralty as well as Treasury, and the Great Seal of the United States. Hopkinson had received absolutely nothing for this job, as well as currently he sent a bill and also asked “whether a Quarter Cask of the public wine” would certainly not be an affordable and also proper incentive for his labors.
Even so, no one can be so certain that produced the American flag. The American flag is the sacred emblem of the nation. It signifies the residents’ birthright, their heritage of freedom bought with blood and grief. The title deed of freedom, which is the country’s to enjoy and keep in trust for posterity. Eternal caution is the cost of freedom. As you see the flag silhouetted in front of the serene skies of the country, you are reminded that the American flag means what you are – no more, no less.
Best American Flags near state of Mississippi
As taken from the Star Spangled Banner:
O say can you see, by the dawn’s early light,
What so proudly we hailed at the twilight’s last gleaming,
Whose broad stripes and bright stars through the perilous fight,
O’er the ramparts we watched, were so gallantly streaming?
And the rockets’ red glare, the bombs bursting in air,
Gave proof through the night that our flag was still there;
O say does that star-spangled banner yet wave
O’er the land of the free and the home of the brave?
ZIP codes in Clara we serve: 39324 | <urn:uuid:070ba56c-8e8c-4f67-96bb-7b2f8de6da62> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://americanflaggroup.com/american-flag-around-clara-ms-39324.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589932.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20180717222930-20180718002930-00025.warc.gz | en | 0.974417 | 1,791 | 3.375 | 3 |
How is energy efficiency boosting the ecological transition?
Energy savings are one of the priority objectives in the fight against global warming and for the energy transition. Buildings alone account for 35 % of global energy consumption and 39 % of carbon dioxide emissions.
Making the construction sector more sustainable is a crucial issue for achieving the goals of the Paris Agreement: if implemented globally, energy efficiency measures in the construction sector could reduce CO₂ emissions by 5.8 Gt by 2050; that is an 83 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions. How can these goals be achieved?
This can be achieved, for example, through a "fabric first" approach, i.e., a design that maximizes the performance, particularly energy performance, of the components and materials that make up the building from the outset. This approach is advocated by Saint-Gobain.
By developing low emissivity glazing and high-performance insulation solutions with highly recycled or biobased materials that significantly reduce heat transfer between the inside and the outside, Saint-Gobain is contributing to the design of new buildings with minimal energy requirements for heating and cooling.
At the same time, Saint-Gobain advocates the development of a more respectful building site. To this end, we are creating materials that can respond to eleven structural stages in the life of a building site in order to improve the final energy efficiency of the latter. Lightweight glass panel partitions, double flow ventilation systems, waste sorting and reuse... The nature of the materials, whether they are circular or designed for their energy efficiency, promotes sustainable construction. | <urn:uuid:3552f3f9-b170-4a21-920c-29815dfa1919> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://www.saint-gobain.com/en/news/how-energy-efficiency-boosting-ecological-transition | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224649105.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20230603032950-20230603062950-00427.warc.gz | en | 0.919642 | 321 | 3.265625 | 3 |
True cost of goods should be reflected in price
The best way to determine which product is the “best” to buy is the price, if the price includes everything used to make the product. In trying to decide between two products, the one that took less to make (energy, raw materials, transportation) would cost less.
Unfortunately, not all of the costs of making something are included in its price. Take the case of ethanol. It is subsidized by the federal government. Also, not all farmers pay the full price of the water used to grow the corn. So the price of ethanol at the pump does not include its full cost. This lowered price can make it harder to decide if it is environmentally better than gasoline.
Gasoline is another example. The price we pay at the pump does not include the cost of pollution and health problems caused by using it. Those costs are hidden and paid indirectly by everybody. This lowers the price below its true cost, leading us to use more of it.
This goes for many other decisions: buying more expensive organic food, recycling vs. disposal, plastic vs. paper. We should work to get rid of hidden costs in what we buy by eliminating subsidies and not passing costs on to others in the form of environmental damage, health problems, or disposal. If the price of something included all of its costs, we wouldn’t have to weigh all the pros and cons in deciding which is the “best” to buy. We would just buy the lowest-priced one.
Bob Littleton, Colorado Springs | <urn:uuid:b03edd59-434a-487c-8395-b57712dbedc4> | CC-MAIN-2015-48 | http://blogs.denverpost.com/opinion/2007/11/15/true-cost-of-goods-should-be-reflected-in-price/834/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-48/segments/1448398449145.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205409-00173-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97512 | 319 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Preventing Accidental Injury.
KDHE Office of Communications
Topeka, Kan. – Falls from shopping carts are among the leading causes of head injuries in young children, with one- and two-year-olds having the highest incidents of shopping cart-related injuries in the U.S. While the shopping cart might seem like the safest place for a child in the store, simple safety precautions are necessary to ensure that a quick trip for groceries does not end in injury.
“In addition to head and brain injuries, children visit the emergency room with cuts, bruises, and even broken limbs from shopping carts,” said Cherie Sage, State Director for Safe Kids Kansas. “Just because a child is seated in a shopping cart does not mean you can assume they’re safe. There are several safer alternatives to placing a child in a cart. But if a child must sit in a shopping cart, always keep one eye on your child and one hand on the cart.”
It is estimated that more than 20,000 children under age five are injured by shopping carts each year in the United States. Falls are the most common cause of shopping-cart related injury in children of this age group, accounting for 83 percent of all injuries. Tip-overs and children colliding with the shopping cart are other causes of injury.
Top five ways to avoid shopping-cart injuries:
“Safety precautions are important whenever a child is riding in a shopping cart, but especially for children ages 3 and under,” added Sage.
The American Society for Testing and Materials International has created a voluntary standard for shopping carts, which states that all shopping carts must have a warning label depicting safety messages, and that shopping carts with a child seating area must have adjustable child restraint systems with child-resistant buckles or closures. This standard is intended to cover children ages six months to four years, and who weigh 15 to 35 pounds.
The height, weight, center of gravity and wheel base dimensions of shopping carts vary significantly. Some carts have a high center of gravity and a narrow wheel base making them top heavy when loaded and therefore easy to tip over. Due to this design flaw in many existing shopping carts and the difficulty of evaluating a cart’s safety simply by looking at it, parents and caregivers should consider alternatives to placing their child in a shopping cart until all carts are redesigned to prevent injury.
Safe Kids Kansas, Inc. is a nonprofit Coalition of over 70 statewide organizations and businesses dedicated to preventing accidental injuries to Kansas children ages 0-14. Local coalitions and chapters are located in Allen, Anderson, Atchison, Clay, Coffey, Dickinson, Doniphan, Douglas, Elk, Ellis, Finney, Ford, Franklin, Geary, Jackson, Jefferson, Johnson, Labette, Leavenworth, Marion, Marshall, McPherson, Meade, Mitchell, Montgomery, Osage, Pottawatomie, Rice, Riley, Saline, Smith, Shawnee, Wilson and Woodson Counties, as well as the cities of Chanute, Emporia, Leavenworth, Pittsburg, the Wichita Area (including Butler, Harvey, Sumner and Sedgwick counties) and the Metro Kansas City Area (Wyandotte county and several Missouri counties.) Safe Kids Kansas a member of Safe Kids Worldwide, a global network of organizations whose mission is to prevent accidental childhood injury. The lead agency for Safe Kids Kansas is the Kansas Department of Health and Environment.
Visit us at www.safekidskansas.org. | <urn:uuid:7591904b-447d-4bd4-9229-e0435545a43d> | CC-MAIN-2015-40 | http://www.kdheks.gov/news/web_archives/2009/11092009.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-40/segments/1443738017788.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001222017-00041-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942366 | 730 | 2.6875 | 3 |
What Are Carbon Emissions
|| Read Time: 3 minutes
Everyone is talking about reducing their carbon footprint. But what does that even mean?
It’s certainly a buzz word in the energy industry: carbon footprint. And though it’s pretty easy to use in a sentence, many can’t give a simple description of what exactly a carbon footprint entails.
The phrase “carbon footprint” refers to the amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to fossil fuel consumption. But what does that mean?
First thing’s first: Let’s talk about carbon.Carbon is an element. What’s more, carbon is the most common element for life. Our bodily chemical makeup, the air we breathe, the crops we grow – all of them use carbon to run.
But when we talk about carbon emissions, we’re talking about carbon dioxide (CO2) being released into the atmosphere. CO2 absorbs radiation and prevents heat from escaping the atmosphere, which can create change in weather patterns, temperature averages, and the climate.
Because carbon dioxide is everywhere, the earth knows how to keep it in balance for the most part. It is crucial to the earth’s life cycle. What we mean by that is that plants and animals (and humans obviously) release CO2 when they breathe; plants and animals release more CO2 when they decompose; plants absorb CO2 through photosynthesis; and oceans absorb just as much CO2 as they release.
When we use fossil fuels, like coal, oil, and natural gas, those fossil fuels release large enough amounts of CO2 into the atmosphere – so much so, that the earth’s natural processes can’t keep up. What’s incredibly staggering is that electricity generation is responsible for nearly 34% of the total U.S. energy-related CO2 emissions (1,744 million metric tons of 5,140 million metric tons).
Unlike plants and animals, humans emit more CO2 than they take in.
On top of using those fossil fuels, we’re also cutting down large amounts of CO2-absorbing trees, which emit even more CO2 when they’re burned or when they decompose.
But wait, there’s more.
That’s where the whole “reducing your carbon footprint” thing comes in. There are plenty of things you can do to reduce your impact on the earth. One of those ways is by getting your electricity from renewable sources, like wind, solar, and water.
Nature can only handle so much CO2.
At IGS Energy, we are proud to offer our go greenTM fixed electricity product. When you enroll in our go green product, we’ll make sure that for every kWh of electricity you use, a kWh from a renewable source is put on the grid, reducing the amount of energy generated from non-renewable fossil fuels. | <urn:uuid:e8ff591d-6823-41dd-8060-e8bf94b3a440> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.igs.com/energy-resource-center/blog/what-are-carbon-emissions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540584491.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20191214042241-20191214070241-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.926866 | 613 | 3.796875 | 4 |
The U.S. Supreme Court will issue a decision this year in a controversial… (SAUL LOEB, AFP/Getty Images…)
Americans embrace the ideal of equality. However, we have had a difficult time with the concept in practice.
The towering rhetoric of the Declaration of Independence that "all men are created equal" was shamefully belied by the enshrinement of slavery in the U.S. Constitution. The 14th Amendment requires the government not to "deny to any person … the equal protection of the laws."
However, in practice that rhetoric met with almost a century of state-sanctioned racial discrimination such as the" separate but equal" doctrine and poll taxes. Significant progress has been made, but the struggle for equality of opportunity continues.
A contentious part of this struggle is affirmative action. Affirmative action is intended to be a practical and temporary response to help remedy the effects of prior discrimination, but only until a race-neutral system can achieve racial diversity on its own.
To critics, affirmative action causes the government to commit the very sin it seeks to redeem — unequal treatment based on race. To paraphrase Supreme Court Chief Justice John Roberts, the only way to stop discrimination on the basis of race is to stop discriminating on the basis of race.
Proponents argue that, given our history of racial discrimination, affirmative action is necessary to achieve racial diversity. Affirmative action policies are highly controversial and some argue suffer from inherent contradictions. For example, the attainment of racial diversity, as a policy goal, is inconsistent with the notion that people can't be validly judged on the basis of their race. It is no wonder that we struggle with affirmative action.
In 2013 this struggle continues in the case, Fisher v. University of Texas, which concerns the use of affirmative action in admissions decisions at public colleges and universities. Abigail Fisher applied to the University of Texas and was rejected under an admissions system that favors certain racial groups to achieve a racially diverse student body. Fisher, who is not a member of a race favored under the admissions system, argues that her application was not given equal consideration with those of favored-race students and, therefore, her right to equal protection under the 14th Amendment was violated.
The Constitution envisions a race-blind society where individual circumstance or merit is the basis for the distribution of government benefits, not the accident of race. Consequently, affirmative action programs are justified only if they are narrowly tailored to achieve a compelling government interest.
The Supreme Court last focused on this issue nine years ago in Grutter v. Bollinger. The court held that quota systems (automatic admission of a set percentage of favored-race students) are unconstitutional. However, Justice Sandra Day O'Connor said that the Constitution does allow the narrowly tailored use of race to further the compelling interest of promoting a diverse student body. Under Grutter, a race conscious admissions process may favor underrepresented races, as long as it also takes into account other factors.
An important issue in Fisher is whether it is still necessary to use race to admit a critical mass of racially diverse students. If public institutions may use other means (such as giving a boost to economically disadvantaged applicants regardless of race) to achieve this goal, then a race-conscious system is not needed.
For example, in 1997 the Texas Legislature adopted a policy automatically admitting any Texas high school student graduating in the top 10 percent of their class to the University of Texas. The plan filled more than 85 percent of the freshmen class, and resulted in a significant rise in minority students. The university, however, believed it could admit additional minority students with its current race conscious plan.
Another important issue in Fisher is: How many students of each race are needed to achieve an adequately diverse student body? Without an answer to this question, and none was forthcoming at oral argument in October, it's impossible to determine when a college or university has achieved racial diversity and can stop discriminating on the basis of race.
The long-term goal is to have a race-neutral admissions system. Justice O'Connor, in her Grutter opinion, suggested that in perhaps 25 years affirmative action would no longer be necessary to promote racial diversity. In Fisher the court may decide that we have reached that point in nine years. A decision is expected by June.
George A. Nation III and Matthew A. Melone are professors in the Perella Department of Finance and Law at Lehigh University. | <urn:uuid:df5da34c-cac6-44a3-b4e2-cb8062f76bef> | CC-MAIN-2016-26 | http://articles.mcall.com/2013-05-07/opinion/mc-affirmative-action-fisher-texas-yv-0508-20130507_1_race-conscious-admissions-process-affirmative-action-abigail-fisher | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-26/segments/1466783397567.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20160624154957-00012-ip-10-164-35-72.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954605 | 907 | 3.078125 | 3 |
Books for Kibera Initiative: Providing Textbooks for Africa's Largest Slum
In an era of increased globalization, it is becoming more and more obvious that education, and the benefits associated with education, are not equally accessible to citizens around the globe. While there are 9,198 public libraries in the United States (ALA, 2008), there are just two in Kenya (V Smith, personal communication, September 30, 2008). With such an immense gap in resources, it is no wonder that Kenya lags behind the United States in education. In order to reduce this disparity, education and literacy tools need to be accessible to Kenya's youth, particularly within the nation's Kibera slum.
The Books for Kibera Initiative was founded after a May 2007 trip to Kenya. Upon seeing the living and learning conditions within Nairobi's Kibera slum, CSB/SJU students on the trip felt compelled to do something. Currently experiencing the value of education themselves, they sought to share the gift. After observing the impact of global solidarity throughout the trip, the students wanted the project to be based on a cross-cultural learning symbol, a library. The goal of the project is to fundraise in order to purchase local books to fill the shelves of Christ the King's library within the Kibera slum. In doing so, the Books for Kibera Initiative hopes to provide Kibera residents with access to educational materials that would otherwise be denied to them.
Christ the King's Library is one of only two public libraries in all of Kenya. Because books are a scarce commodity, most libraries are not open to the public. Christ the King's was recently created in Nairobi's Kibera slum by Vikki Smith, a Mary Knoll Lay Missioner. Kibera is considered to be Africa's largest slum; Over 1 million people are squatting on 550 acres of land, making it one of the most crowded places in the world. The population density is 30 times higher than that of New York City, and also lacks multi-level housing to accommodate the congestion of people (Kibera Slum Foundation). Approximately half (500,000) of the slum's population is comprised of children, one hundred thousand of which are orphans. However, because the Kenyan government views Kibera residents as illegal squatters, no public funding is provided to them: no public schools nor sanitation. Non-profit and non-governmental organizations have worked diligently to pick up the government's neglect (V Smith, personal communication, September 30, 2008).
Smith's Christ the King Public Library has provided a safe and quiet haven amidst the chaos of slum living. The library allows students resources and a study space that they would otherwise not have access to. It has not taken long for the slum's youth to fully utilize this facility. Library patrons from over 40 different secondary and primary schools within the slum, two nearby universities, and three colleges use the library. There is an average flow of 73 patrons a day, and the facility has even had a maximum of 160 users at one time (V Smith, personal communication, September 30, 2008).
Smith recently noted, "The number of visitors continues to grow as word spreads and we are at maximum level in our secondary school because students say they like our library. I purchase all the books very carefully since this is not a pleasure reading culture and I am trying to introduce them to other types of literature and resources." Unfortunately, there are still at least 40,000 school-aged children in the slum who do not attend school and use Christ the King's Library for self-study (V Smith, personal communication, September 30, 2008). Smith caters to school students needs by purchasing current textbooks and exam preparation materials for those who are not allowed back into the school system until they can pay their fees.
Access to primary education and current materials is crucial for young students to succeed. According to Smith, "education is where it all begins for these young persons. Having a secondary education is the same as having a college diploma in the U.S. For most Africans it enables them to get a job and hope for a good life, which means a roof over their heads, food and the basics for themselves and family." The Books for Kibera Initiative works to provide the youth of Kibera with the resources necessary for them to succeed. This semester, the project will work to fundraise in order to increase the library's literacy and educational materials. The addition of new materials will increase the number of library patrons, thus exposing more of Kibera's youth to an academic setting and resources that they otherwise would not have access to.
As Kenyan Parliamentary candidate, Karambu Ringera recently stated, "Education breaks the cycle of poverty and disease that has afflicted the past two generations of children. Too many children never complete primary school let alone secondary and college. Low education attainment has resulted in a weak local economy and the belief that we Kenyans must depend on other people to change our situation" (Ringera, 2007). The Books for Kibera Initiative hopes to help Kenyans help themselves, and in turn, break the cycle noted by Ringera.
By providing resources to Christ the King's Library, students lacking the funds to complete primary school are given the opportunity to further their education with self-study in a supportive and calm environment. This advancement in education in the nation's traditional low-income, education-deprived slums, will work to decrease the 'brain drain', a term to describe when Kenya's best and brightest study and stay abroad (Daystar, 2007). The impact of this project goes beyond providing tools for basic literacy. Providing educational resources in slums like Kibera has the potential to change the economic and social constructs of the nation. | <urn:uuid:988c4cc8-387a-4a34-84a5-197176864a86> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://www.csbsju.edu/peace-studies/student-resources/books-for-kibera | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501170794.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104610-00005-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955071 | 1,196 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Everyone knows that the Texas Revolution broke out at Gonzales on 2 October 1835, San Antonio was soon captured and Sam Houston named commander-in-chief. The Alamo was lost in March 1836, captured soldiers were shot at Goliad, and on 12 April Houston won the battle of San Jacinto, defeating General Antonio López de Santa-Anna, securing the independence of Texas, of which Houston was the first president. Texas was admitted to the Union on 29 December 1845, and this action precipitated the Mexican War. This was merely the last in a series of incidents beginning with the Louisiana purchase of 1803 with the aim of acquiring this territory for the United States. Secretary of State Monroe had conceived the aim of conquering Canada and Mexico at the time of the War of 1812, so it was no new idea. Burr and Wilkinson had some such scheme in mind that never came to fruition. Here is an account of the first serious attempt for the independence of Texas.
The province of Téjas in Nueva España extended from the Rio Nueces (which enters the Gulf near the present city of Corpus Christi) to the Rio Sabina, which was the border with Louisiana. The northern boundary was the Rio Colorado, now the Red River, but was somewhat indefinite because there was no settlement there except by the Comanches. South of the Nueces was the province of Nueva Santander, now Tamaulipas, and to the west was the province of Coahuila. The idea of the Rio Bravo, or Rio Grande as it is known in the United States, as the southern boundary is a purely American idea.
The capital was at San Antonio de Béjar, just north of Rio Medina. South of San Antonio was a desert, reaching to Laredo on the Rio Bravo. Nacodoches, far to the east, was the gateway to Texas from the United States. It has added a "g" as a Texas town. Nachitoches, on the Red River in Louisiana, was also on the route, accessible by river. There was a little settlement at Galveston, and another at Presidio de la Trinidad near the Brazos (why a prison was needed here is a wonder), and still others near the bay of Espiritú Santo, behind Matagorda Island. European settlement was mostly in the form of haciendas, each a small, largely independent, community. Americans, where they were allowed to settle and hold land, brought their slaves with them to work their haciendas. It was very difficult to get settlers, so even Americans were admitted.
When the Mexican revolution broke out in 1810, there were uprisings in all the isolated northern provinces, but they were soon put down by counter-revolution. In Béjar, Colonel Manuel Salcedo was governor, and Colonel Simon de Herrera was his associate. There was some question of precedence and overlapping authority, but the two worked fairly well together. Both had been active in suppressing the revolution, and were known for their rigor and cruelty.
Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, a creole of wealth and property in Nuevo Santander, supported independence. General Arredondo, the military commander of the province, occupied de Lara's villas on Rio Bravo in June 1811, and Lara fled to the United States, returning surreptitiously to retrieve his family. He went to Washington, where he was insulted and appalled by Secretary Monroe's views, but nevertheless conceived a plan to seize Texas from the royalists. A group of 400 to 500 American adventurers, led by Augustus Magee, an army officer, was assembled, and Lara led them to Nacodoches, which he seized without effort on 11 August 1812, the inhabitants having fled on news of his approach. They marched on, seizing Presidio de la Trinidad and the settlements on the bay of Espiritú Santo.
Governor Salcedo had knowledge of their invasion, and raised an army to oppose them. He beseiged the group at Espiritú Santo, but could make no progress, and retired to Béjar on 1 February 1813 when his supplies were exhausted. Lara followed him, and routed Colonel Herrera, who had come out to oppose him, at El Rosillo. Béjar surrendered on 1 April, the American fifth column in the town no doubt aiding this outcome. Lara formed a popularly-elected junta to govern the province.
The locals were eager for revenge on Salcedo and Herrera, who had oppressed them, and were, besides, instrumental in the capture of their hero Hidalgo not long before. A certain Pedro Prado led a mob that overpowered the jailers of Salcedo and Herrera on 5 April. Along with several others, Salcedo and Herrera were killed by the mob, much to Lara's displeasure, but he could do nothing.
Meanwhile, these developments were not unknown in Nuevo Santander, where General Arredondo gathered his forces and proceeded to Laredo on 20 March. The ardent Colonel Ignacio Elizondo, who had captured Hidalgo and brought him to Chihuahua two years before, proceeded in advance, collecting the dispersed royalist troops that he encountered. On 18 June, he was in sight of Béjar at a place called El Alazán. On 20 June, Lara sallied out and routed Elizondo, who fled back to Laredo. On 26 July, Arredondo marched from Laredo with 735 infantry, 1195 horse, and 12 cannons, crossing the formidable desert. On 17 August, they are at Las Rancherías, threatening Béjar.
A little earlier, José Alvarez de Toledo, a Spanish naval officer born in Santo Domingo, later a deputy to the Cortes in Cádiz who had fallen out with this body and had taken refuge in the United States, showed up in Nachitoches and made it known that he wished to join de Lara as second in command, and support the revolution. His real aim of supplanting de Lara was all but obvious, so de Lara refused his offer, and told him to retreat. Toledo then made a proclamation of his aims, and was supported by the junta and the Americans in Béjar. Lara returned to the United States, leaving Toledo in command.
Toledo sallied out to meet an advanced force of 180 horse under Elizondo, which was instructed to make a reconnaissance only, and not to engage. However, in an action on 18 August at Atacoso, in which Elizondo was reinforced by Arredondo with 150 horse and two cannons under Lt. Col. Zambrano, Elizondo was routed and retreated precipitately, pursued by Toledo, into the main body, which was then crossing Rio Medina. There was a bitter battle at this point, Toledo attempting to turn Arredondo's flanks, while Arredondo charged Toledo's center. When Arredondo realized that most of the Americans, who were the backbone of Toledo's force, had been killed or wounded, he sounded the "victory" to rouse his troops. Whether or not victory was then apparent, the renewed vigor of his troops gave him the victory. Incidentally, Santa-Anna was present as a young officer at this encounter.
Arredondo entered Béjar on 24 August, and his reprisals were remarkably severe even for the bloody war of Mexican independence. He quickly shot some 327 unfortunates, including all the Americans he could find. Elizondo was given the duty of pursuing the remnants of the rebels, which he did with gusto. The American adventurers fled back to the United States as best they could. 11 of the slower ones were killed leaving Espiritú Santo. The remainder of these found Elizondo on their road at Trinidad, who had captured and shot up to 71 of them by 12 September, as he reported to Arredondo from Ojo de agua de los Brazos. Elizondo continued the pursuit to Nacodoches. Here a young officer in his force, Lt. Miguel Serrano, driven mad by the excessive bloodshed, hacked Elizondo and his aide Capt. Isidoro de la Garza to death in their beds. This was considered divine retribution for the capture of Hidalgo. Elizondo was buried on the banks of the Rio San Marco, while Serrano was adjudged insane and confined in a convent.
In a proclamation of 10 October 1813, Arredondo pardoned those taking part in the rebellion, except for Lara, Toledo, Prado and other leaders, including any American at all. A price was put on their heads, and anyone killing or capturing them would be rewarded with land, even if he were an American. Lara was later a Spanish ambassador. Arredondo ordered Col. Quinters to chase some marauding Lipans towards Nacodoches, installed Lt. Col. Cristóbal Dominguez as the new governor, and returned to his new headquarters in Monterey.
Later filibustering expeditions were made by James Long of Mississippi in 1819 and 1821, and by others of less importance, but all failed. The Spanish continued to solicit American settlement, as in Moses Austin's colony of 1821. The Mexican government that succeeded the Spanish was less eager for American settlement, being aware of the dangers, which proved all too real. The American push was for land that could be worked by slaves, as that to the east had been exhausted by wasteful agricultural procedures, and which would ensure continued support for slavery in the national government.
It is often noted that the Spanish, and later Mexican, authorities were less than welcoming to American visitors. This page has made one reason clear for the hostility--the fear that the Americans were there to seize the territory. However, there was also a traditional unwillingness to admit foreigners that had a religious basis. In Spanish territory, only the Roman Catholic religion was allowed; no other was permitted, and even then a close watch was kept by the Inquisition and the archbishop for any deviation from the true dogma. The authorities were very fearful of the introduction of protestant, or even different Catholic, doctrines that would undermine the authority of the church, and for this reason foreigners were always viewed with suspicion. This antipathy to visitors competed with the desire to acquire settlers and the wealth they would create, so the two views competed with one another continually, especially in the northern areas such as Texas and California, which attracted very few settlers from the south.
Lucas Alamán, Historia de Méjico (Méjico: J. M. Lara, 1850), vol. III
Composed by J. B. Calvert
Created 13 July 2001
Last revised 15 July 2001 | <urn:uuid:e1dda1a0-3262-4067-885b-2a51876fbb6c> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/hist/texas.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549427429.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170727042127-20170727062127-00279.warc.gz | en | 0.985073 | 2,250 | 3.46875 | 3 |
Though the future of melting ice caps has been well-documented in the news, that future is not so distant: in August 2019, Iceland’s Okjökull glacier was declared “dead” by the country’s Meteorological Office. In fact, in the past 30 years, climate scientists believe about 10 percent of arctic sea ice has melted. In order to prevent sea level rise and an increase in the emission of greenhouse gases, countries must actively preserve glacial ice to ensure global resilience in the face of climate change. While measures to address the underlying causes of melting are needed, the effects can be mitigated through the act of physically thickening glacial ice.
An important part of the world’s systems, the cryosphere, or portions of the earth’s surface where water is a solid form, holds great influence over global temperatures and sea levels. The bright surface of ice tends to reflect light, helping regulate global temperatures. However, as top layers melt and darker ice is revealed, light is absorbed instead of reflected, causing the ice to melt faster and global temperatures to rise. This process is known as a feedback loop, which has global effects because it leads to an altered polar vortex, jet streams, and Gulf Stream. As a result, extreme heat, floods, and droughts are sent towards the United States and cold temperatures towards Europe. Melting also causes land-based glaciers to slide into the ocean, stripping some communities of their water sources. This presents a serious threat to coastal areas across the globe; by 2100, there is a predicted rise in sea levels by 6.6 feet, effectively placing New York, Jakarta, London and the entire island country of Tuvalu underwater.
Though the future may appear grim, the physical thickening of Arctic ice may propose an unlikely mitigation solution. The nonprofit Ice911 creates environmentally and cost-friendly glass microspheres to make young ice reflective. Made of silica, these tiny hollow microspheres are distributed across ice by an automatic material spreader in the springtime. This sand-like substance binds immediately, helping preserve the ice and reflect any incoming solar radiation. This invention would help protect already vulnerable ice from melting. Another option for thickening ice is a tactic often used by the oil industry, but was coined the term Arctic Ice Management by Arizona State University (ASU). This method includes spraying sea water on top of existing sea ice in the wintertime, when temperatures are low and the spray can freeze immediately. In ASU’s 2016 study, in which it proposes using wind powered pumps to strengthen certain sections of the cryosphere, it was shown that the effect “adding one meter of ice to the average thickness of the Arctic is equivalent to instantaneously setting back the clock about 17 years.” However, this would require about 13% of current steel production in the US and an annual cost of $50 billion to complete the job.
The melting of the cryosphere poses a serious threat to world resilience. Resulting in the introduction of extreme weather patterns and rising sea levels, melting glacial ice poses a number of risks for not only coastal cities, but also the well-being of the entire human population. While the best solution to reverse the issue remains a shift to a significant reduction in carbon emissions, working to repair and restore weak ice may help to prevent some melting, strengthen the cryosphere, bolster the entire globe’s resilience to climate change.
Sources and Further Reading
National Geographic – The Big Thaw
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Center for Science Education – Climate and Ice
Inside Climate News – Ice Loss and the Polar Vortex: How a Warming Arctic Fuels Cold Snaps
Inside Climate News – Global Warming is Messing with the Jet Stream. That Means More Extreme Weather.
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research – Stronger evidence for a weaker Atlantic overturning
The New York Times – Glaciers are Retreating. Millions Rely on Their Water.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America – Ice sheet contributions to future sea-level rise from structured expert judgement
The Guardian – ‘One day we’ll disappear’: Tuvalu’s sinking islands
Ic911 – Our Work
Advancing Earth and Space Science – Arctic ice management | <urn:uuid:5691a41d-026a-4329-bbc5-4a66f31c29a7> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://globalresilience.northeastern.edu/strengthening-glacial-ice-may-mitigate-effects-of-climate-change/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764499831.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20230130232547-20230131022547-00832.warc.gz | en | 0.912138 | 887 | 4.1875 | 4 |
Although a favorite with many divers it would seem that not much is known about the crocodile fish. Crocodile fish are members of the same family as lionfish, scorpionfish, and stonefish (scorpaenidae) and belong to a subgroup called flatheads. When found underwater these fish seem gentle and unafraid. They are a photographer’s dream because you can get very close to them and they don’t move.
They get their name crocodile fish because of their appearance rather than their temperament. They have an elongated mouth with a protruding jaw, big round eyes on top of their head, and appear lazy, all characteristics very similar to their land-living namesake. Their long depressed body is a mottled brownish-green color allowing them to blend in perfectly with the sea bed where they mostly spend their time. Juveniles are usually black and develop this colouration as they reach adulthood. They have a frilly flap like a tasseled curtain known as a lappet on top of their pupil which breaks up the outline of the iris and greatly improves their camouflage. They are able to control this lappet to cover more or less of the eye as desired. The crocodile fish can grow up to between 70cm and 1m long.
Crocodile fish are normally limited to the western Indian Ocean and the Red Sea. However, this species has now invaded the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. They are mostly found on sand, in which they can be partially buried, or rubble in sheltered bays and lagoons at depths between 1m and 40m. They are also often found on wreckage.
They are an ambush predator with a liking for crabs, shrimps and small fish. As prey unwittingly approaches the crocodile fish will make a rapid lunge opening its strong jaws wide and extending its mouth in a net-like fashion around the prey. They then clamp their jaws shut with the prey inside. They have a symbiotic relationship with the cleaner wrasse responsible for cleaning its teeth but occasionally mistakes are made and the wrasse gets eaten as well. The crocodile fish has 10 sharp dorsal spines for its own protection against predators.
Not much at all is known about the mating habits of the crocodile fish. They live a very solitary life though it is assumed that males and females must come together at some time to reproduce. Scientists currently believe the population doubling time to be anywhere between 4½ to 14 years. | <urn:uuid:8a9c2482-6c46-4e97-ab21-c21da7c45576> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.dive-hurghada.com/blog-details/red-sea-crocodilefish | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780060803.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20210928122846-20210928152846-00530.warc.gz | en | 0.978276 | 512 | 2.96875 | 3 |
This map was published in 1913 by the Railroad Commissioners under the supervision of State Engineer, Jay Bliss. Source: SHSND Railroad Commissioners 385 N864r 1913
In 1905, the state of North Dakota had more miles of track per resident than any other state in the Union. Every small town that could build a grain elevator was likely to have a spur line to one of the five major railroads that crossed the state. These spurs were used to haul grain out of the region and possibly cream, eggs, and other fresh products if the town was large enough. The train might also bring mail and possibly carry a few passengers.
In 1913, few towns in North Dakota were more than 50 miles from a rail line. In 1914, when World War I broke out in Europe, farmers and ranchers depended on these lines to take grain, cattle, and horses to markets where wartime need drove prices upward.
Map Activity: Can you estimate which railroad company had built the most miles of track by 1913? Can you verify your estimates through research? Did your town have a main line or a spur line? Does it still exist, and if so, do trains still run to or through your town?
612 East Boulevard Ave.
Bismarck, North Dakota 58505
Museum Store: 8am - 5pm M-F; Sat. & Sun. 10am - 5pm.
State Archives: 8am - 4:30pm., M-F, except legal holidays, and 2nd Sat. of each month, 10am - 4:30 pm.
State Historical Society offices: 8am - 5pm M-F, except legal holidays.
phone: (701) 328-2666
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15 Dec, 2015 Videos Blogs
By Jack Wells, PhD, Director of Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory
The mission of Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is to deliver scientific discoveries and technical breakthroughs that will accelerate the development and deployment of solutions in clean energy and global security, and in doing so create economic opportunity for the nation. By partnering with OpenPOWER, we are using the next generation POWER and GPU processor technologies to build Summit, a supercomputer that will have 5x-10x greater performance than today’s leadership systems.
With Summit in place, ORNL will be able to better focus our scientific and technical expertise and apply our leadership-class data and compute infrastructure to solve some of the greatest challenges of our time. We will be able to provide new insights related to climate change, understand the molecular machinery of the brain, better control combustion for cleaner running engines and perform a full physics simulation of ITER to improve performance of the fusion of this reactor.
To learn more, watch this behind the scenes look at the process here at ORNL.
Jack Wells is the Director of Science for the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), a DOE Office of Science national user facility and is responsible for the scientific outcomes of the OLCF’s user programs. Wells has previously lead both ORNL’s Computational Materials Sciences group in the Computer Science and Mathematics Division and the Nanomaterials Theory Institute in the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences. Prior to joining ORNL as a Wigner Fellow in 1997, Wells was a postdoctoral fellow within the Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. | <urn:uuid:b73f9baa-cad3-460d-bff9-8af45fbaa21c> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://openpowerfoundation.org/video-ibm-and-openpower-partner-with-oak-ridge-national-labs-to-solve-worlds-toughest-challenges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323587719.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20211025154225-20211025184225-00015.warc.gz | en | 0.903977 | 347 | 3.296875 | 3 |
Graf Zeppelin (Airship)
Airship. Also referred to as: Zeppelin (Airship); LZ 127 "Graf Zeppelin"; Cepelin (Airship); Graf Zeppelin (Air-ship). It was a German-built and -operated, passenger-carrying, hydrogen-filled, rigid airship which operated commercially from 1928 to 1937.
Found in 1 Collection or Record:
Collection — Multiple Containers
Contents of the Collection The Jack H. Frazelle Collection is comprised of photographs and textual materials collected by and/or given to Jack H. Frazelle during his 20+ year career as Assistant Manager of Boeing Field. Materials range from the 1910s to the 1980s.The collection includes assorted photographs, both in color and black-and-white, depicting aircraft, both in flight and on the ground; Boeing facilities; and one image of the Graf Zeppelin in a hangar in Lakehurst, New Jersey. Some of the photographs... | <urn:uuid:eefbf145-dd67-4256-8f46-58019d6783b5> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://archives.museumofflight.org/agents/corporate_entities/487?&filter_fields%5B%5D=subjects&filter_values%5B%5D=Boeing+Model+767+Family | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510734.55/warc/CC-MAIN-20231001005750-20231001035750-00880.warc.gz | en | 0.911299 | 217 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Neem cake is a Bio-fertilizer that can be used for organic farms, agriculture, gardens and lawns. Neem cake is obtained from neem seed kernel and consists of natural micro-nutrients with NPK.
Why use Neem Cake as a Fertilizer?
Though neem cake is a fertilizer it also acts as pesticide
Neem Cake have adequate quantity of NPK in organic form for plant growth. Being totally botanical product it contains 100% natural NPK content and other essential micro nutrients.
It gives 15-25% better yield than any other fertilizer. Conventional fertilizer lack the uniformity of nutrient release that inhibit the constant growth of fruit/crop. More over Neem Cake also control nematodes and other soil borne pest that help roots to absorb nutrients in regular and optimum manner. This is the reason why now more farmers are switching over to Neem Cake for their crops.
This product also control Grain moth, lessor grain moth and red flour beetle.
Places where Ozoneem Cake is used, increase in earthworm population is found.
|(N)||Nitrogen||(2.0% to 5.0%)|
|(P)||Phosphorus||(0.5% to 1.0%)|
|(K)||Potassium||(1.0% to 2.0%)|
|(Ca)||Calcium||(0.5% to 3.0%)|
|(Zn)||Zinc||(15 ppm to 60 ppm)|
|(Cu)||Copper||(4 ppm to 20 ppm)|
|(S)||Sulphur||(0.2% to 3.0%)|
|(Mg)||Magnesium||(0.3% to 1.0%)|
|(Fe)||Iron||(500 ppm to 1200 ppm)|
|(Mn)||Manganese||(20 ppm to 60 ppm)|
Through mixing of cake with soil and deep ploughing gives better results than its application on soil surface to fight against root-knot nematodes. This cake is effective for longer durations, because it is decomposed rather slowly & this gradually released nema-toxic substances for longer durations.
It is ideal for crops like Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane, Fruits, Vegetables, Spices, Coconut, Tea Gardens, Flower Plants and Golf Grounds etc.
Neem Manure is available in 25 Kgs, 50 Kgs HDPE Bags. We can provide Neem Cake in any size packaging for bulk order.
Tomato, Eggplant, Chilli, Okra, Blackgram, Chickpea, Green gram, French bean, Papaya, Betalvine, Tobacco, Davaua, Banil, Cabbage, Cauliflower, Rice, Banana, Potato, Spinach, Reddish, Wheat, Sugarcane and many more.
Neem seed cake also reduce alkalinity in soil, as it produces organic acids on decomposition. Being totally natural, it is compatible with soil microbes, improves and rhizosphere micro flora and hence ensures fertility of the soil. Ozoneem Cake improves the organic matter content of the soil, helping improvement in soil texture, water holding capacity, soil aeration for better root development.
Farmers who want to switch over to Ozoneem cake should use apply both simultaneously, decreasing the chemical or current fertilizers slowly. This compatibility give piece of mind without adding extra cost. When applied with nitrogenous fertilizers, gives a synergistic result by slow down the process of conversion of Nitrogenous compounds into Ammonia, Nitrites and Nitrates and improving Efficiency.
Induces the nitrification process and the chlorophyll contents gets increased. Ozoneem Cake, provides more and more nitrates for the plants which in turn induces the nitrogen metabolism.
This also releases fatty acids, aldehydes, Ketones, Aminoacids, carbohydrates and free sulphur, which forms the precursor material for plant growth and metabolism.
Ozoneem cake has broad spectrum activity against a wide category of Nematodes, Soil Pests, and Insects such as Haplolaimus indicus Helicotylenchus Sp, Pratylenchus Sp, Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica (root knot nematode). Tylenchorhynchus Sp and Rodopholus similis. This broad spectrum defense helps roots to absorb adequate nutrient to and give better yield. | <urn:uuid:4211d756-56ea-4a1e-8af4-1fe72f55ef95> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.ozonebiotech.com/neemcake.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039744561.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20181118180446-20181118202446-00160.warc.gz | en | 0.86731 | 956 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Wednesday, January 3, 2018
The "Strawberry" Tree - Arbutus unedo
The "Strawberry" Tree - Arbutus unedo, is a small tree in the Ericaceae family, that is native to the Mediterranean Region & Western Europe including Portugal, Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Eastern Italy, Croatia, Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon, Ireland, and Southern France. It is a large evergreen shrub or small tree only reaching an average height of only 30 feet, with very few found as tall as 50 feet. It is sometimes called the Cane Apple, Irish or Killarney Strawberry Tree due to it's numbers in Ireland.
Image Citation: John Ruter, University of Georgia, Bugwood.org
Though it's name may lead you to believe otherwise it's fruits are not the Strawberry we all enjoy eating, those come from a common or garden Strawberry; Fragaria × ananassa which grows in a vine or bush form. The fruit of the Strawberry tree is a red berry, that is rounded and only gets to be about 1–2 cm in diameter. The surface of the berries are rough in appearance and texture. They mature in about 12 months during the Fall at the same time as the next flowers begin to appear. This fruit is also edible and when red is at it's sweetest. The fruit is considered to be mealy in texture and boring in flavor by many and is often compared to a fig in flavor. It can be used to make jams, jellys and liqueurs (Brandy and Riki). The trees are often planted as a Bee Plant for Honey production. Other wildlife such as birds enjoy eating the small fruits.
Image Citation: William M. Ciesla, Forest Health Management International, Bugwood.org
The leaves are finely toothed and range in size from 2-4 inches long, they are pale green in color below and a glossy dark green above. The flowers appear in drooping panicles usually containing 10-30 individual flowers each. They are usually white, rarely a pale pink and bell shaped. The flowers are Hermaphroditic meaning they contain both sexual organs required for reproduction.
It can be grown in hardiness zones 4-9 and requires mild winters to be successful. It grows best in well-drained soil and is very drought tolerant (prefers dry summers) and is well suited to California's climate. Propagation can be successfully accomplished by seeds, cuttings, or layering and it can be trained as a large shrub, but it looks much better when grown as a small tree. | <urn:uuid:3f011844-843f-4a31-b559-d4f356f5c9e3> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://arundeltreeservice.meetatree.com/2018/01/the-strawberry-tree-arbutus-unedo.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141195069.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20201128040731-20201128070731-00382.warc.gz | en | 0.965017 | 539 | 3.34375 | 3 |
About Alphabet X
X is inside exit.
Examine the exit signs at stores, on the bus or in school. No matter where you are, there is always an X in exit. Play tic-tac-toe.
Play the classic tic-tac-toe game with O's and X's. Start with plain paper and crayons. Use 4 lines—2 vertical and 2 horizontal—to create 9 spaces. One player is X, and one player is O. Take turns putting your letter in a space, and have fun trying to get three in a row. | <urn:uuid:256b4586-2340-4c9d-9ac5-db701a797af5> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | http://www.crayola.ca/free-coloring-pages/print/alphabet-x-coloring-page/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376823320.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20181210080704-20181210102204-00367.warc.gz | en | 0.941676 | 122 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Bullying is a problem we hear about constantly in the media and is a growing concern in society. Children as young as 6 years old report negative effects of teasing, in and out of school, and it often has to do with differences in appearance. Dr. Thompson sees many such patients whom report serious insecurities due to protruding or over-sized ears. They grow tired of the teasing and resort to covering their ears with long hair and hats as much as possible.
Parents are looking for ways to ease the pain and protect their children from the damaging effects of bullying. Luckily, otoplasty surgery (ear-pinning) is a simple surgical procedure that can correct the position of the ears and changes the lives of many young children. There is little down-time and the cost is much less than many expect. Dr. Thompson has performed hundreds of ear surgeries and enjoys hearing of the increased confidence and happiness that result from this procedure.
Posted in: ears | <urn:uuid:97c3b56f-d9af-4f9a-8804-ccd47b700b01> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://www.utahfacialplastics.com/1970/01/01/18152/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585380.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20211021005314-20211021035314-00246.warc.gz | en | 0.985067 | 196 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Boer War and Great War Miniature Group of Four
Queen’s South Africa Medal 1899-1902 with Cape Colony, Orange Free State and Belfast clasps. Miniature circular silver medal with claw and swivel ribbon bar suspension, with ‘CAPE COLONY’, ‘ORANGE FREE STATE’ and ‘BELFAST’ clasps; the face with the veiled crowned head and shoulders portrait of Queen Victoria facing left, circumscribed ‘VICTORIA REGINA ET IMPERATRIX’ (Victoria Queen and Empress); the reverse with the full-length helmeted figure of Britannia, a standard in her left hand, her right arm extended with a laurel wreath, her shield and trident on the ground behind her, soldiers marching in a landscape beyond, warships near the coast beyond, circumscribed above ‘SOUTH AFRICA’; diameter 17.55mm (0.69 inch).
The Medal was instituted in 1899 and authorised in April 1901 to be awarded to participants in military operations in South Africa (the second Boer War) after 11 October 1899.
The Cape Colony clasp was awarded for service in the Cape between 11 October 1899 and 31 May 1902, the Orange Free State clasp for service in the Orange River Colony between 28 February 1900 and 31 May 1902 and the Belfast clasp for the battle of Bergendal to those who were east of Wonderfontein, west of Dalmanutha Station and north of Carolina (Transvaal).
King’s South Africa Medal 1901-1902 with South Africa 1901 and South Africa 1902 clasps. Miniature circular silver medal with claw and swivel ribbon bar suspension with ‘SOUTH AFRICA 1901’ and ‘SOUTH AFRICA 1902’ clasps; the face with the head and shoulders portrait of King Edward VII facing left, circumscribed ‘EDWARDUS VII REX IMPERATOR’ (Edward VII King Emperor); the reverse with the full-length helmeted figure of Britannia, a standard in her left hand, her right arm extended with a laurel wreath, her shield and trident on the ground behind her, soldiers marching in a landscape beyond, warships near the coast beyond; diameter 17. 95mm (0.69 inch).
The Medal was instituted in 1902 to replace the Queen’s South Africa Medal bearing the image of Queen Victoria following her death on 22 January 1901 to be awarded to participants in the Boer War present in South Africa after 1 January 1901 and who served there for at least 18 months before 1 June 1902.
British War Medal 1914-1920. Miniature circular silver medal with claw and ribbon bar suspension; the face with the head of King George V facing left, circumscribed ‘GEORGIVS V BRITT: OMN: REX ET IND : IMP:’ (George V King of Great Britain and Emperor of India); the reverse with St. George on horseback, reins in his left hand, a sword in his right, trampling a shield bearing an eagle with wings outstretched and a skull and crossbones, wavy lines denoting the sea beyond, a radiant rising sun upper right, dated ‘1914’ and ‘1918’ upper left and right respectively; diameter 17.63mm (0.69 inch).
The Medal was instituted in 1919 and awarded to members of the British and Imperial forces who had served between 5 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. Officers and men of the Royal Navy, the Royal Marines, and Dominion and Colonial naval forces were required to have completed 28 days mobilised service, though this was waived if active service had been terminated by death. The award criteria were subsequently extended to include post-war mine-clearing at sea and service in operations in Russia in 1919-20.
Inter-Allied Victory Medal, Great Britain and British Empire issue, 1914-1919 with Mentioned in Despatches oak leaf. Miniature circular gilt bronze medal on laterally pierced loop for ribbon suspension; the face with a winged figure of Victory; the reverse inscribed ‘THE GREAT WAR FOR CIVILISATION 1914-1919’ within a circular laurel wreath; diameter 17.91mm (0.71 inch); with bronze Mentioned in Despatches oak leaf on the ribbon.
The idea of an inter-allied medal to commemorate victory in what was termed ‘The Great War for Civilisation’ is credited to the French Field-Marshal Foch. It was agreed that each of the Allies should issue a medal to their nationals featuring a figure representing ‘Victory’ on the front and have a symmetric double rainbow ribbon with red, the colour of courage and sacrifice at the centre, representing the colours of the allies flags and presenting an allegory of calm after storm.
The British medal was instituted on 1 September 1919 to be awarded to all those who served in a theatre of operations between 5 August 1914 and 11 November 1918. It was awarded also to all British Empire military, except those of South Africa, whose government issued their own variant. Additionally, it was awarded to those British servicemen active in the Hejaz and Aden after the end of the European war, for post-war mine clearance operations and for the Royal Navy mission to Russia, hence the latter date of 1919.
The Group is on its original court mounting with pin for wear, with maker’s mark of Spink & Son Ltd., 17 & 18 Piccadilly, London W. to the reverse. | <urn:uuid:f8e62070-f2a7-4433-a8aa-85b6e5ed9ab1> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://www.medal-medaille.com/boer-great-miniature-group-four-queens-south-africa-medal-with-three-clasps-kings-south-africa-medal-with-clasps-british-medal-1914-1920-victory-medal-1914-1919-with-mentioned-despatches-leaf-court-mounted-spink-london-p-12707.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812932.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220090216-20180220110216-00305.warc.gz | en | 0.953093 | 1,163 | 2.875 | 3 |
The 1980 eruption of Mt. St. Helens — which began with a series of small earthquakes in mid-March and peaked with a cataclysmic flank collapse, avalanche, and explosion on May 18 — was not the largest nor longest-lasting eruption in the mountain’s recent history. But as the first eruption in the continental United States during the era of modern scientific observation, it was uniquely significant.
In the decades since the eruption, Mt. St. Helens has given scientists an unprecedented opportunity to witness the intricate steps through which life reclaims a devastated landscape. The scale of the eruption and the beginning of reclamation in the Mt. St. Helens blast zone are documented in this series of images captured by NASA’s Landsat series of satellites between 1979 and 2016. The older images are false-color (vegetation is red) because earlier Landsat satellites could not “see” blue light. To make a photo-like satellite image, you need red, green, and blue wavelengths of light.
The May 18 eruption began with an earthquake that caused the northern flank of the mountain to collapse, producing the largest landslide in recorded history. The avalanche buried 14 miles (23 kilometers) of the North Fork Toutle River with an average of 150 feet (46 meters)—but in places up to 600 feet (180 meters)—of rocks, dirt, and trees. In subsequent years, the river re-carved a shallow, braided path through the buried valley.
When the mountain collapsed, it was like uncorking a bottle of champagne: hot rocks, ash, gas, and steam exploded upward and outward to the north. The outward blast spread volcanic debris (gray in the images) over 230 square miles (600 square kilometers) and blew down 4 billion board-feet of timber. A raft of dead trees drifts around Spirit Lake throughout the image series. All around the southern half of the mountain, volcanic mudflows (lahars) poured down rivers and gullies.
Not surprisingly, the first noticeable recovery (late 1980s) takes place in the northwestern quadrant of the blast zone, farthest from the volcano. It is another decade (late 1990s) before the terrain east of Spirit Lake is considerably greener. By the end of the series, the only area (beyond the slopes of the mountain itself) that remains conspicuously bare at the scale of these images is the Pumice Plain.
Ground surveys, however, have found even this seemingly barren area is coming back to life: the first plant to re-appear was a prairie lupine, which can take nitrogen—a critical plant nutrient—straight from the air rather than from the soil. These small wildflowers attract insects and herbivores and they catch blowing leaves and other organic matter. The dead plants and insects, the windblown organic matter, and the droppings of herbivores slowly create pockets of soil on the volcanic deposits. This process is underway on the Pumice Plain, even though it is not yet visible from space. | <urn:uuid:529c1445-97c4-4195-84c3-05cc82523bda> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/world-of-change/sthelens.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233505362.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20230921073711-20230921103711-00230.warc.gz | en | 0.933151 | 626 | 3.84375 | 4 |
The most dangerous crime situation is the armed home intruder. The rate of serious injury from armed intrusions is 35%, compared with 10% for armed robbery on the street. Be sure of whom you let in.
During a real-life home intrusion, it is rare for parents to be able to save their children because parents are the first to be attacked. The best chance for children to survive is to know how to escape on their own-and get help.
Practice a family escape-and-survive drill. This could include using rope or ladder to climb from a window. The aim is to teach your children how to escape and get help. Walk the family through every room in the home, even the bathrooms without windows and walk-in closets. You want to teach not to make the mistake of going to a room from which escape is impossible. You also want to establish an escape path from every room where escape is possible. Next, train the children in what to do when they do escape. Establish which neighbors the children should run to.
- Don't assume your kids are too young for escape-and-survive lessons. You can teach children as young as four or five without traumatizing them. Deal with it matter-of-factly, and be prepared to answer their many questions.
- Don't count on a 15-minute session to drive home the lesson. Getting children to leave their home and their parents - even to get help - is tough. Actively rehearsing the escape-and-survival plan gives children the psychological permission to leave and get help.
- Make your home look like someone is there, many burglars think that your home is vacant only to find out that you are there and they panic.
How Not to Have a Fire in Your Home
- Never remove a flaming object from an oven or stove top. The fire will be much harder to contain, especially if you get burned and drop the pan. Better: for stove-top fires, immediately turn off the heat and cover with a lid. Keep lids handy at all times. Do not use water to extinguish an electrical or oil fire or the fire will flare up. For oven fires, turn off the oven and keep the door shut. The fire will die out by itself. Or use a dry chemical extinguisher to put it out.
- Plenty of intelligent people start fires each year. Risk-reducing strategies...Replace all extension cords after 2 or 3 years. Most cords are not made for long term use. Inspect them annually. Never put a cord under rugs. Traffic will wear away the cord's insulation. Never use an extension cord for a machine that draws more power than the cord is rated for.
- Take special care with appliances. Many people forget to unplug small appliances such as toasters, irons, and coffee makers. When they are left plugged in, a child or pet can turn them on and cause trouble. Plug refrigerators, air conditioners, washing machines and other heavy duty appliances directly into wall sockets.
- Don't leave candles unattended. Put them in proper holders and keep then away from drafts, especially open windows.
- Remember, smoke detectors save lives. You cannot have too many detectors installed in your home. They cost around $10.00 for a battery operated detector.
- 80% of US fire deaths occur in the home? But more than half the people in a recent survey thought the home was the location with the greatest fire safety. Other findings: Men are more likely than women to feel very confident about their personal fire safety - but each year, nearly twice as many men than women die in fires. Most US fires happen in kitchens. Problem: Only 1/3 of the people surveyed knew the safest way to handle a pan fire on the stove - smother it with a lid and turn off the burner. Also a good idea is to have the proper kitchen fire extinguisher handy.
Secure Your Home's Exterior
- Trim hedges and shrubs. Don't give an intruder an easy place to hide and not be seen by neighbors or passers by.
- Install motion-sensitive lights in front and at the rear of your home. These are fairly inexpensive and offer a great deterrent to anyone coming too close to your property. Most bad guys would probably leave and look for an easier target. Remember, bad guys do not want to get caught, they will pick the easiest target.
- Upgrade other exterior lights so that the parking areas, exterior windows and doors are well lit.
- Clearly mark the street address on the front of the home but refrain from posting your name on the home or mailbox.
- Burglar-proof sliding glass doors by placing a rod in the track so the door can't be forced open. This is an easy fix, you can use an old broom handle or go to a lumber yard and buy a 1" x 1" and have it cut to length. This should cost you all of $5 or so.
- Secure exterior doors. Good locks and dead bolts are essential. Never leave doors unlocked. Some people are too lazy to lock their doors. Include locks on side doors or entry door to a garage.
- More than 1/4 of all burglaries are committed through open or unsecured doors and windows.
- Install a wide-angle viewer (as opposed to peepholes) for exterior doors. You will get a better view of who is knocking. Remember, many burglars just knock on the front door, say their car broke down and need to use your phone.
- Place blinking red LED lights in one or more windows. Sold at Radio Shack for a few dollars, these create the impression that the house has a high-tech security system.
- Use a burglar alarm signs, install one in your front garden. Place alarm company stickers in your front and back windows. These are available through Empire or other security companies. Even if it is false advertising, it could help to deter an intruder.
Secure Your Home's Interior
- Secure interior doors as well as the exterior. The door from the garage to the house and master bedroom should have a strong hinge and long throw dead bolt. Lock these doors before you leave the house.
- Get a dog with a big bark. Even non-dog lovers agree that these animals will scare off most unwanted guests.
- If you want to own a gun, you may want to make it a shot gun. They are not as easy to hurt yourself with because the barrel is so long. Professional security folks will recommend pistols. If you choose a pistol, be prepared to learn how to use it - take lessons. Please find or create a good safe hiding place for it. Nothing could be worse than to have an accident with a device you purchased for protection. Use your head, don't tell kids you have one. Make sure that they can not get to it if they snoop around your bedroom or safe room. Keep the ammunition in a separate area.
- Create a "safe room" inside the home. In many cases the safe room is fashioned from a closet or other room within the home and will be protected by a door meeting the exterior door standards. The purpose of the safe room is to protect persons and physical assets if criminals or severe weather strikes. The Federal Emergency Management Agency publishes and provides free detailed specifications for constructing a safe room.
Don't Become a Target
- Never give your home address to strangers.
- Lower your profile. If you look like the most affluent person in you neighborhood, your house is most likely to be targeted.
- Avoid tip-offs that you are out of town. Newspapers collecting in your drive way. Mail box overflowing. Grass not cut. No lights on, etc.
- Use timers for lights, another inexpensive item that works wonders, even a dummy can install them and make them work. They are about $5 each. Have them come on at dusk and off at 3 a.m. or so. These are also good as night lights, for late entry or emergency exiting. Lighting your way in and out is essential to a safe home.
- Leave a radio on and tuned to a talk station. | <urn:uuid:95cc3351-e4b6-4fec-847a-aedce158192e> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://lansingmi.gov/617/Home | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818690016.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170924115333-20170924135333-00622.warc.gz | en | 0.948139 | 1,687 | 2.90625 | 3 |
Conditions in C++: if... else if... else and switch
Let's imagine a situation in our game: some character under AI need to decide what to do, it can fight player or it can flee and it depends on character's health. Let's create a variable that will control enemy health:
Now we need to decide what to do. For this, we can use conditions in C++.
if Statement in C++
For now let's check if health is above 50, then the enemy will attack the player (player health will be decreased):
if statement consists of keyword if, then condition in parenthesis and then we put in curly braces the code that will be executed if the condition is true. The condition is always resolved to some bool value - it can be true or false.
So if enemy health is above 50, enemy attacks player - we decrease player's health. But nothing happens if health is less than 50. Let's fix it
if statement can have additional blocks. One of them: else. It's executed if condition of all previous blocks is false:
If enemy health is below 50 (condition is false), then block else is executed. And in this case we increase enemy health (let's imagine that he's found medkit).
It's a very simple case, we know that health is always 100 and we can write right below variable initialization what to do. But when our program will become larger we'll no longer be able to say what the health is at the current time. When we'll learn how to work with functions in C++, we'll be able to build much more interesting examples.
if can have several blocks else if. We use them if we need additional conditions:
Full condition looks like this: if health is above 80 we decrease player's health. If it's not true (health is less than 80), we check next block: if health is above 50. If it's true (health is between 50 and 80) we execute code action1. If it's false, we check the next condition: if health is above 20. If all conditions are false, block else is executed. It will be executed only if health is less than 20.
This whole code belongs to one if and only one block will be executed.
C++ language has another conditional statement - switch. It's used in situations when we know what values condition can take. For example let's read user input and check what he printed:
First, we put keyword switch. Then, variable that we'll check in parenthesis. After that, we put the body of the switch in curly braces. The body of switch consists of one or more cases. In each case, we check the specific value of the variable. Pay attention that we put keyword break in each case. It tells to skip all next cases. There is also default case - it's executed if all cases above it are false.
Conditions is the core of any programming language, including C++. C++ provides two different conditional statements: if...else if...else and switch. We can use only if but switch is more convenient sometimes. | <urn:uuid:28dfe6fe-3e97-497f-9050-9b9a1cc9bd7a> | CC-MAIN-2020-10 | https://about-prog.com/cpp/conditions_if_else_switch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-10/segments/1581875146562.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20200226211749-20200227001749-00001.warc.gz | en | 0.924214 | 643 | 4.28125 | 4 |
We follow Edexcel GCSE Religious Studies (Specification B) the aims of this course are to:
● develop their knowledge and understanding of religions and non-religious beliefs, such as atheism and humanism
● develop their knowledge and understanding of religious beliefs, teachings, and sources of wisdom and authority, including through their reading of key religious texts, other texts, and scriptures of the religions they are studying
● develop their ability to construct well-argued, well-informed, balanced and structured written arguments, demonstrating their depth and breadth of understanding of the subject
● engage with questions of belief, value, meaning, purpose, truth, and their influence on human life
● reflect on and develop their own values, beliefs and attitudes in the light of what they have learnt and will contribute to their preparation for adult life in a pluralistic society and global community
● demonstrate knowledge and understanding of two religions
● demonstrate knowledge and understanding of key sources of wisdom and authority including scripture and/or sacred texts, where appropriate, which support contemporary religious faith
● understand the influence of religion on individuals, communities and societies
● understand significant common and divergent views between and/or within religions and beliefs
● apply knowledge and understanding in order to analyse questions related to religious beliefs and values
● construct well-informed and balanced arguments on matters concerned with religious beliefs and values.
Throughout every lesson pupils are given opportunities to practice past paper questions and are given feedback to help strengthen their responses.
There are two examination papers at the end of the course for 1 hour 45 minutes per paper and pupils must answer all questions.
● The assessment consists of four questions.
● The paper may include short open, open response and extended writing questions.
● The paper will assess spelling, punctuation and grammar (SPaG) and use of specialist vocabulary. | <urn:uuid:6f6df063-5740-435e-8412-eb5dac4c4c13> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | http://www.hermitageacademy.co.uk/curriculum/subjects/religious-education | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610704839214.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20210128071759-20210128101759-00373.warc.gz | en | 0.939487 | 375 | 3.875 | 4 |
Installation view of Francisco de Zurbarán, Saint Serapion, 1628, Oil on canvas, Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art, The Ella Gallup Sumner and Mary Catlin Sumner Collection Fund, 1951.40.
Francisco de Zurbarán's "Saint Serapion" (1628) is on view now in the Wadsworth Atheneum's newly renovated and reinstalled European art galleries following an extensive restoration treatment. Begun in 2015 and funded by an award from The Executive Committee of the European Fine Art Foundation (TEFAF) with additional support from The Hand Center, Hartford, Connecticut, the collaborative conservation process was led by Wadsworth Atheneum Chief Conservator Ulrich Birkmaier in consultation with an international team of experts including art historians, conservators, a hand surgeon and an artist.
"Saint Serapion," acquired by the Wadsworth Atheneum in 1951, is a key work in the museum's celebrated collection of 17th-century paintings. Painted in the visually dramatic Tenebrist tradition for the monastery of the Shod Mercedarians in Seville, "Saint Serapion" is a monumental work that contemplates themes of sacrifice, death and redemption, and is considered one of Zurbarán's masterpieces.
The conservation treatment addressed a discolored surface coating casting a haze over the original artwork, muting its details and flattening its multidimensionality. Conservators removed the yellowed varnish and old discolored restorations, unveiling various shades of white and strengthening contrasts between light and shadow to once again convey the intense spirituality Zurbarán intended.
Removal of the earlier restoration also confirmed what x-radiographs previously indicated: the painting suffered considerable paint losses (common in centuries-old paintings and often caused by environmental conditions) in the area of Saint Serapion's proper right hand. All that remained was a faintly visible thumb and traces of the saint's original index and middle fingers, which became crucial benchmarks during the restoration process. "Modern conservation approaches consider the artist's original intent," said Birkmaier. "We use even the smallest original fragment as guide, bringing in as little of ourselves as possible." With that goal in mind the conservator used photographic modeling techniques to determine the most likely orientation and projection of the saint's hand, matching the arrangement of a studio model's hand with the shadows and finger fragments of the original. Hand surgeon and museum trustee Dr. Duffield Ashmead IV, M.D. helped determine the anatomically correct positioning of the remaining fingers; in the previous restoration they were held tensely parallel, whereas naturally their tips should cascade obliquely, converging toward the base of the thumb. Assured that the reconstructed hand would be rendered as closely as possible to Zurbarán's original, the conservation team reconstructed Saint Serapion's lost hand using stable yet reversible pigments.
The conserved painting, along with explanatory text and images of the painting prior to its restoration are now on view in the Wadsworth Atheneum's Morgan Memorial building, which houses the majority of the museum's European art collection and was itself renovated and reinstalled as part of a major museum renovation project unveiled in September, 2015. "Saint Serapion" joins other masterworks of the Baroque era, including those by Caravaggio, Artemisia and Orazio Gentileschi, Jusepe de Ribera, Salvator Rosa and Bernardo Strozzi.
The European Fine Art Foundation (TEFAF) established its Museum Restoration Fund in 2012, contributing up to €50,000 to conservation projects at one or two museums each year. Approved by a panel of independent experts, the awards assist TEFAF-attending museums with restoration initiatives while increasing institutional and public awareness of conservation. The Wadsworth Atheneum's 2015 award to restore "Saint Serapion" was shared with The Museum Kunstpalast Düsseldorf for the conservation of "Saint Francis of Assisi in Meditation" (1639), also by Zurbarán. Other TEFAF Museum Restoration Fund recipients include Rijksmuseum van Oudheden and The Wallace Collection (2014), Worcester Art Museum and Ashmolean Museum (2013) and Denver Art Museum and Rijksmuseum (2012). | <urn:uuid:de288eec-23c1-4034-aa91-77058be0995c> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://fic123cultuurboxgent.blogspot.com/2016/09/8374-zurbarans-saint-serapion-returns.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549424721.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170724042246-20170724062246-00180.warc.gz | en | 0.922248 | 889 | 2.53125 | 3 |
David Dixon Porter directed the Union’s Mississippi Squadron and was instrumental in the siege at Vicksburg, which broke Confederate control of the river. In this Alexander Gardner photograph, he poses aboard his ship, the Malvern. (Alexander Gardner/National Portrait Gallery)
In the summer of 1863, as the war ground on, the Boston minister Edward Everett Hale, a prolific author, set out to write a short story that would inspire patriotism. The tale he produced would become a classic. In it, a young Union- army officer named Philip Nolan gets caught up in a trial for treason. In an intemperate outburst, he shouts, “Damn the United States! I wish I may never hear of the United States again!” The court punishes him by granting his wish—sentencing him to life aboard a Navy ship where no one is ever to speak to him of the United States or allow him to set foot on U.S. land. Narrated by Frederic Ingham, a Naval officer who meets Nolan shipboard some years later, the story chronicles how over time Nolan comes to cherish and pine for the country he once thought so little of. At the close of the story, excerpted here, Ingham learns, via a letter from an old Navy friend, how Nolan got word in his final moments of the country he had come to love. Accounting for the popularity of the piece, Clifton Fadiman wrote in his 1949 introduction to the book Masterpieces of World Literature, “No story better expresses the spirit of American nationalism.” Masterpieces of World Literature.—Sage Stossel
Since writing this … I have received from Danforth, who is on board the Levant, a letter which gives an account of Nolan’s last hours …
DEAR FRED,—I try to find heart and life to tell you that it is all over with dear old Nolan. I have been with him on this voyage more than I ever was, and I can understand wholly now the way in which you used to speak of the dear old fellow. I could see that he was not strong, but I had no idea the end was so near. The doctor had been watching him very carefully, and yesterday morning came to me and told me that Nolan was not so well, and had not left his state-room,—a thing I never remember before. He had let the doctor come and see him as he lay there,—the first time the doctor had been in the state-room,—and he said he should like to see me. Oh, dear! do you remember the mysteries we boys used to invent about his room, in the old Intrepid days? Well, I went in, and there, to be sure, the poor fellow lay in his berth, smiling pleasantly as he gave me his hand, but looking very frail. I could not help a glance round, which showed me what a little shrine he had made of the box he was lying in. The stars and stripes were triced up above and around a picture of Washington, and he had painted a majestic eagle, with lightnings blazing from his beak and his foot just clasping the whole globe, which his wings overshadowed. The dear old boy saw my glance, and said, with a sad smile, “Here, you see, I have a country!” And then he pointed to the foot of his bed, where I had not seen before a great map of the United States, as he had drawn it from memory, and which he had there to look upon as he lay. Quaint, queer old names were on it, in large letters: “Indiana Territory,” “Mississippi Territory,” and “Louisiana Territory,” as I suppose our fathers learned such things: but the old fellow had patched in Texas, too; he had carried his western boundary all the way to the Pacific, but on that shore he had defined nothing.
‘‘Oh, Danforth,” he said, “I know I am dying. I cannot get home. Surely you will tell me something now?—Stop! stop! Do not speak till I say what I am sure you know, that there is not in this ship, that there is not in America,—God bless her!—a more loyal man than I. There cannot be a man who loves the old flag as I do, or prays for it as I do, or hopes for it as I do. There are thirty-four stars in it now, Danforth. I thank God for that, though I do not know what their names are. There has never been one taken away: I thank God for that. I know by that, that there has never been any successful Burr. Oh, Danforth, Danforth,” he sighed out, “how like a wretched night’s dream a boy’s idea of personal fame or of separate sovereignty seems, when one looks back on it after such a life as mine! But tell me,—tell me something,—tell me everything, Danforth, before I die!”
Ingham, I swear to you that I felt like a monster that I had not told him everything before … “Mr. Nolan,” said I, “I will tell you everything you ask about. Only, where shall I begin?”
Oh, the blessed smile that crept over his white face! and he pressed my hand and said, “God bless you!” “Tell me their names,” he said, and he pointed to the stars on the flag. “The last I know is Ohio. My father lived in Kentucky. But I have guessed Michigan and Indiana and Mississippi,—that was where Fort Adams is,—they make twenty. But where are your other fourteen? You have not cut up any of the old ones, I hope?”
Well, that was not a bad text, and I told him the names, in as good order as I could, and he bade me take down his beautiful map and draw them in as I best could with my pencil. He was wild with delight about Texas, told me how his brother died there; he had marked a gold cross where he supposed his brother’s grave was; and he had guessed at Texas. Then he was delighted as he saw California and Oregon;—that, he said, he had suspected partly, because he had never been permitted to land on that shore, though the ships were there so much …
Then he settled down more quietly, and very happily, to hear me tell in an hour the history of fifty years.
How I wished it had been somebody who knew something! But I did as well as I could …
I tell you, Ingham, it was a hard thing to condense the history of half a century into that talk with a sick man. And I do not now know what I told him,—of emigration, and the means of it,—of steamboats and railroads and telegraphs,—of inventions and books and literature,—of the colleges and West Point and the Naval School,—but with the queerest interruptions that ever you heard. You see it was Robinson Crusoe asking all the accumulated questions of fifty-six years! …
I told him everything I could think of that would show the grandeur of his country and its prosperity; but I could not make up my mouth to tell him a word about this infernal Rebellion!
And he drank it in, and enjoyed it as I cannot tell you. He grew more and more silent, yet I never thought he was tired or faint. I gave him a glass of water, but he just wet his lips, and told me not to go away …
I had no thought it was the end. I thought he was tired and would sleep. I knew he was happy, and I wanted him to be alone.
But in an hour, when the doctor went in gently, he found Nolan had breathed his life away with a smile. He had something pressed close to his lips. It was his father’s badge of the Order of Cincinnati.
We looked in his Bible, and there was a slip of paper, at the place where he had marked the text,—
“They desire a country, even a heavenly: wherefore God is not ashamed to be called their God: for he hath prepared for them a city.”
On this slip of paper he had written:—
“Bury me in the sea; it has been my home, and I love it. But will not some one set up a stone for my memory at Fort Adams or at Orleans, that my disgrace may not be more than I ought to bear? Say on it,—
‘In Memory of
Lieutenant in the Army of the United States.
He loved his country as no other man has loved her; but no man deserved less at her hands.’”
Read the full text of this article here.
We want to hear what you think about this article. Submit a letter to the editor or write to [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:f7871f5c-c38d-4c65-9b05-ee5ff4c726a5> | CC-MAIN-2020-50 | https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/02/the-man-without-a-country/308790/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-50/segments/1606141737946.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20201204131750-20201204161750-00264.warc.gz | en | 0.990266 | 1,899 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Wedgwood was established in 1759, when Josiah Wedgwood, 29, started his business as an independent potter in Burslem, Staffordshire, England. During his lifetime Josiah invented and produced three of Wedgwood’s most famous ceramic bodies – Queen’s Ware (1762), Black Basalt (1768) and Jasper (1774).
Today, Josiah Wedgwood is remembered as the “Father of English Potters”.
If you happen to be in the area, give yourself a few hours to take a look at The Wedgwood Museum in Barleston, Stoke-upon-Trent, UK. Here, you can browse through centuries of Wedgwood archives now recognised by the UNESCO Memory of the World programme.
Take a look at Shop It’s ode to Wedgwood Pinterest board, with beautiful Wedgwood pieces and how to display them once you bring them home…
#Our photo is of Wedgwood’s Black Basalt ware – repinned from our Pinterest board.
- The Genius of Josiah Wedgwood, BBC Two, review (telegraph.co.uk)
- How a Potter Took Accounting Into the Industrial Age – Bloomberg (bloomberg.com) | <urn:uuid:54bb6488-8a29-4c9d-977a-105b91a4bcd0> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://shopitsecondhand.wordpress.com/category/united-kingdom/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948517917.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20171212192750-20171212212750-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.923821 | 268 | 2.65625 | 3 |
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Andrea Zecevic & Ophthalmologist Discussion On Preventing Wrinkles and Eye Damage
Fusing Business and Healthcare: How to avoid eye damage and prevent serious illness NVMedics is a wholy owned subsidiary of National Health Scan (INHSN) quoted on OTC Markets
In the United States of America alone, around 75% individuals are required to wear some form of corrective lens which amounts to 225 million people.
Visiting an ophthalmologist or optometrist as soon as you notice blurred or distorted vision can help you avoid eyestrain, damage, headaches, and can help you improve your performance at work or school.
Andrea Zecevic of NVMedix recently visited an ophthalmologist in Etobicoke, Ontario to find out more about the use of glasses, contact lenses and the importance of wearing sunglasses.
Here is what Mrs. Zecevic found:
"Many people take their vision for granted only to find out later in life the amount of damage done due to neglect"- started Andrea. Visiting an ophthalmologist should be something that every one of us does at least once a year. It has been proven that a large percentage of people, from all over the world, are suffering from various refractive disorders including astigmatism, presbyopia, myopia, keratomalacia, and night blindness to name a few.
Ideally, one must be aware on the different measures on proper eye care. Proper diet, changing your reading habits as well as having a regular eye check-up are just some of the most important steps to better eyesight.
Lenses are specifically meant to control the light entering one's eyes, wherein the focus may greatly depend on which particular eye problem a person may be suffering from. This simply means that eyeglasses are adjusted and made depending on the person and may not be used by another.
Not long ago people chose not to wear corrective lenses due to two simple reasons: it is not fashionable and not comfortable to wear. Nowadays because of new technology, most of these pairs of eyeglasses are perfectly created to be fashionable and convenient to wear at the same time.
In Andreas discussion with the opthamologist she found some valuable information she wished to share: Sun glasses as we know will do more than protect your eyes from harmful UV Rays, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation which has been attributed to the development of many eye problems including cataracts and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In addition to this sun glasses will also help to prevent wrinkles by protecting the delicate skin around the eyes from premature aging. Good quality sunglasses protect your eyes from 100% of sun's harmful UV rays.
Interesting Factual information
1. Cataract affects nearly 22 million Americans age 40 and older. By age 80, more than half of all Americans have cataract. Direct medical costs for cataract treatment are estimated at $6.8 billion annually.
2. Glaucoma affects almost 2.3 million Americans age 40 and older.
3. More than 2 million Americans age 50 and older have advanced AMD, the stage that can lead to severe vision impairment.
4. More than one million people, age 40 and older are legally blind. (Defined as visual acuity, with best correction in the better eye, worse than or equal to 20/200, or visual field less than 20 degrees in diameter.)
5. More than 32 million Americans age 40 and older are myopic and more than 12 million are e hyperopic.
When is it most important to wear sunglasses?
It's generally a good idea to wear sunglasses anytime you're outdoors but especially when:
a. In summer when UV radiation is at least 3 times higher than it is during winter
b. At the beach or near the water (one of the most reflective surfaces)
c. You're in the mountains or outside at any high elevations.
d. If you have had cataract surgery/ are taking photo-sensitizing drugs
For more information on preventing and preserving your vision go to the http://nvmedics.com/
About NV Medix:
The Company's goal is to equip their clients with a thorough understanding of industry trends and challenges and provide effective solutions. They closely monitor mergers, acquisitions, strategic alliances and technology transfers within healthcare, as well as changes in government policies and regulations. The Company tracks product lines, distribution methods, strategic direction, and manufacturing capabilities of nearly 20,000 companies within our niche, from manufacturers, to distributors, to information technology companies, to service firms of all kinds. NV Medix monitors product lines at the customer-vendor level, noting medical specialties and subspecialties addressed. NV Medix records product line information in more than 650 such categories, enabling them to pinpoint, with extreme accuracy, strategic matches between companies, whether of a horizontal, vertical, diversification or investment nature.
Please note that the information provided nvmedics.com about diets and health products should be used only as a guide and should not be the only determining factor for selecting a doctor, hospital, nursing home, diet or health product. Nvmedics.com does not recommend or endorse specific tests, procedures, advice, diets, health products or other information found on nvmedics.com. Nvmedics.com makes no representations or warranties of any kind, express or implied, as to the information contained on this website. Under no circumstances will nvmedics.com or any of its content suppliers, licensors or consultants be liable to any person for damages of any nature arising in any way from the use of such information. Nvmedics.com is not responsible for information, including health-related content and advertisements, provided, sponsored, or paid for by third parties on nvmedics.com. This includes sites linked to, from, or framed by nvmedics.com. The names and logos of the medical institutions and content consultants appearing on nvmedics.com in no way imply an endorsement or recommendation by the medical institutions of the advertisers appearing on nvmedics.com or of the advertisers' products and services. | <urn:uuid:fea79ec3-0307-4e0b-8f90-ae93ca4e7465> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.prlog.org/12333573-andrea-zecevic-ophthalmologist-discussion-on-preventing-wrinkles-and-eye-damage.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100164.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130031610-20231130061610-00541.warc.gz | en | 0.933044 | 1,295 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Aldus Manutius (c.1450–1515) was the father of modern publishing. Born near Rome, he moved to Venice in the 1490s, where he formed the Aldine Press. The Aldine Press premiered an immensely popular new format well-designed editions of the secular classics Manutius called libelli portatiles, or portable little books because they easily fit in the hand of the reader, the first paperbacks. Amongst his many contributions to the art of printing, the first italic typeface, which he created with the type cutter Francesco Griffo. Italics were intended to mimic the humanist handwriting of the day. Also the roman typeface devised for a 1496 book by the humanist scholar Pietro Bembo — the inspiration for the modern font Bembo, still treasured by book designers for its grace and readability.
Although books were popular and in demand Manutius’ finances were often unstable. He quarreled with his punchcutter, and he was forced to defend his work from both detractors and admirers. His attempts to secure his innovations against imitators are important moments in the history of copyright. To that end, Aldus Manutius devised a trademark to identify his books in the marketplace. The trademark was based an ancient Roman coin given to him by Pietro Bembo. The symbol of the dolphin and anchor served as the model for this device. The inscription which reads ‘Make haste slowly’ was a favorite saying of Augustus.
To learn more about Aldus Manutius:
The Bodleian Library’s online exhibition celebrating the 500th anniversary of his death
A Tribute to the Printer Aldus Manutius, and the Roots of the Paperback By Jennifer Schusslerferb. 26, 2015 | <urn:uuid:81c790ba-2979-4648-8077-404a6d3ae5e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://atastefullife.com/2018/01/07/aldus-manutius-and-the-paperback/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662515501.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517031843-20220517061843-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.967698 | 414 | 3.09375 | 3 |
Conventional Farming: Certified cultivations under the Integrated Management Crop system (click here for more information)
Cultivation area: Kastoria Mountains, Kastoria Prefecture, Northwest Greece
Cultivation: The Kastoria region has a long tradition in cultivating lentils; so long that it dates back thousands of years, since archeologists found lentils at the excavation of the prehistoric settlement Lemneon next to Kastoria lake. Our fields are mostly located in hilly and mountainous areas, away from the lake, at altitudes between 620m and 1200m, with no humidity. The climate offers mild winters with low temperatures, mild to moderate rains in the spring and gradually dry summers with increasing temperatures and intense sunlight. The land consists of limestone, with excellent pH values from 6.5 to 7.
Characteristics: The Small Lentils from Kastorias is a purely Greek variety called Samos, that has adapted perfectly to the climate and soil conditions of the mountain slopes. Our lentils have small size and light green colour.
Tasting notes: Their full taste and rich “Mediterranean” aroma reflect the purity of the environment they grow. They are soft and easy to prepare. It is delicious for salads and ideal for soups due to its creamy texture. | <urn:uuid:885e9806-6ee1-4f2b-9c93-7af9a0415864> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://www.gourmed.com/arosis-greek-small-lentils-kastoria?tid=1538 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867046.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525063346-20180525083346-00164.warc.gz | en | 0.926568 | 265 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Air plants are epiphytes, that is, plants that grow without soil. These plants attach themselves to rocks, trees, shrubs, or the ground with their roots. They grow in the southern United States, Mexico, Central America and South America. There are more than 650 species of such plants. They are very tenacious, so they are ideal for beginners or those who do not have a relationship with houseplants.
The most popular species of Tillandsia
Tillandsia is divided into two main types: atmospheric and potted.
1. Atmospheric – a plant with practically no roots, feeds through the leaves.
or Spanish moss. A plant with long branches and gray leaves. It can grow even without support, the main thing is to hang the plant higher.
. The leaves are silvery, the flower is blue-violet. During flowering, the leaves turn reddish.
. The leaf blades are narrow and long, expanding towards the base.
2. Potted – a plant with a root system, grown in a pot.
The leaves are grassy, the inflorescence appears in summer, has a blue or purple hue.
Close relative of the Blue Tillandsia. The bracts are a pale pink hue, and the flowers are bright blue.
Of course, the rules of care depend on each specific species. The easiest way to care for potted plants, the most difficult – for atmospheric.
The key to Tillandsia survival is constant air circulation and watering. The name “air plant” can be misleading and you might think that these plants only need air, not water. But it’s not. Water is vital to Tillandsia. Water your plants about once a week, some varieties can go two weeks without watering. Follow them to determine exactly what your plant needs. To water, place them in a sink and lightly rinse each plant. Leave the plant in the sink overnight to remove any excess moisture. Put them back in the morning. Or just mist your plant liberally 1-2 times a week. It is important to remember that these plants do not like not only drought, but also stagnant water.
If one of your plants looks very dried out, remove the bottom dried parts and place the plant in a bowl of water for a few hours. During the winter, when the heating is on, air plants can look a bit dry. Just spray them with water, paying more attention to the base, every few days.
Although they love warm weather, most air plants need protection from direct sun. If you have a plant that grows wild on trees, keep it in moist partial shade. If you have a ground type like Tillandsia blue or Tillandsia Lindena, grow it indoors in bright, filtered light or outdoors in partial or dappled shade.
Do not allow the air plant to be in a room with a temperature colder than 8 °, it will die at this temperature. The ideal temperature for Tillandsia is 24°–32° during the day and 15°–18° at night.
You will know that your plant is pretty when it produces flowers. To grow flowering plants, purchase potted Tillandsia species. The flowering period begins in summer. The color palette and brightness depend on the type of plant.
Once the flower is dry, all you have to do is cut it off.
Where to plant
There are many ways to plant Tillandsia. Hanging air plants are a popular design element. Atmospheric views look great alone or in an aerial terrarium. They are planted in crystals, in shells, in light bulbs, in wine corks or on snags imitating tree branches.
Potted species, of course, get along well in flowerpots and florariums. | <urn:uuid:0ed4c34d-85fe-40b0-ae22-8bd57c515915> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://healthy-food-near-me.com/air-plants-what-are-they-and-how-to-care-for-them/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296945218.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20230323225049-20230324015049-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.93771 | 794 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Understanding the Intrusion: How Mice Manage to Get Inside Your House
Mice may appear small and harmless, but their ability to infiltrate your living space can cause significant problems. Understanding how mice manage to get inside your house is essential to prevent their intrusion and protect your home and family.
One common way mice gain access to your house is through openings and cracks in the exterior. These tiny creatures can squeeze through openings as small as a dime, making it effortless for them to enter. It is crucial to regularly inspect your home for any potential entry points, such as gaps around windows and doors, utility openings, or damaged vent screens.
The allure of food and shelter also attracts mice indoors. They are highly resourceful and can find their way into pantries and kitchens, drawn by the scent of food. By storing food in airtight containers and keeping your living space clean, you can minimize the temptations that might invite mice into your home.
In addition to food and safety, mice seek out warmth during colder seasons. They can squeeze through openings in the foundation or crawl spaces, making their way into your home’s walls and attics. To prevent these unwanted guests, it is vital to seal off any potential entry points in these areas, using caulk or steel wool to block any gaps.
Understanding how mice manage to enter your home is the first step in preventing their intrusion. By regularly inspecting and sealing off potential entry points, securing food sources, and maintaining cleanliness, you can create an environment that is less appealing to these rodents. Stay vigilant, as a little prevention can go a long way in keeping your home mouse-free.
Detection and Prevention: Tips to Keep Mice Out of Your Home
Mice infestation can be a real nuisance for homeowners. These tiny creatures can cause extensive damage to your property and pose a threat to the hygiene and safety of your family. However, by being proactive and implementing effective detection and prevention strategies, you can keep mice out of your home. Here are some essential tips to help you protect your home from mice invasion.
Firstly, it is crucial to understand the signs of a mouse infestation. Look out for droppings, gnaw marks on furniture or food packaging, and scampering noises in your walls. If you notice any of these signs, it is time to take action. Prevention is key, and sealing off potential entry points is an effective method. Inspect your home for small cracks or holes that mice can squeeze through and use sealants or steel wool to block their access points. Remember to pay attention to areas like utility pipes, electrical wires, and vents.
Another important aspect of mouse prevention is maintaining cleanliness and proper sanitation in your home. Mice are attracted to food sources, so make sure to keep your kitchen and pantry clean and tidy. Store food in airtight containers and promptly clean up any spills or crumbs. Regularly empty your trash and keep it tightly covered. By eliminating potential food sources, you can discourage mice from invading your home.
Furthermore, consider using natural deterrents to keep mice away. Peppermint oil, for example, has a strong aroma that repels mice. Dab some cotton balls soaked in peppermint oil near potential entry points or in areas where mice have been spotted. Additionally, maintaining a well-kept garden and keeping shrubs and tree branches trimmed away from your home’s exterior can help prevent mice from using them as pathways to your house.
In conclusion, protecting your home from mice requires a combination of detection and prevention strategies. By being vigilant and proactive, you can effectively keep these unwanted guests at bay. Stay attentive to signs of infestation, seal off entry points, maintain cleanliness, and use natural deterrents to create an environment that is unattractive to mice. Implementing these tips can go a long way in ensuring a mouse-free home for you and your family.
The Common Entry Points: Where Mice Find Their Way Into Your House
Mice are crafty creatures that can find their way into your house through various entry points. It is important to identify and address these common entry points to prevent infestations and keep your home rodent-free.
One common entry point for mice is through small cracks or gaps in the foundation of your house. These tiny openings may seem insignificant, but they provide easy access for mice to squeeze through and enter your home. It is essential to regularly inspect the foundation for any signs of damage or gaps that need to be sealed.
Another entry point that mice often exploit is gaps around doors and windows. These openings can occur due to wear and tear, poor installation, or simply aging of the structure. Mice have a remarkable ability to squeeze through even the smallest gaps, so it is crucial to ensure that all doors and windows are adequately sealed to prevent their entry.
Additionally, mice can find their way into your house through openings in your roof or attic. This can be particularly problematic as mice can easily climb walls, trees, and even utility lines to gain access to your home’s upper parts. Inspecting and repairing any damaged roof tiles, vents, or chimney openings is vital in preventing mice from entering your attic or living spaces.
By being diligent in identifying and addressing these common entry points, you can significantly reduce the risk of mice infestations in your home. Regular maintenance and proper sealing of gaps and openings will help ensure a mouse-free environment for you and your family.
Unveiling the Dangers: Health Risks Associated with Mice Infestation
Mice infestation is not only a nuisance but also poses serious health risks that should not be taken lightly. These tiny creatures may seem harmless, but their presence in our homes or workplaces can have detrimental effects on our well-being. In this article, we will unveil the hidden dangers that come with a mice infestation and shed light on the health risks that individuals face.
One of the primary health risks associated with mice infestation is the spread of diseases. Mice can carry various bacteria, viruses, and parasites that can be transmitted to humans through direct contact or their droppings. These pathogens can cause illnesses such as Hantavirus, Salmonella, and Leptospirosis, which can have severe consequences on one’s health. It is crucial to promptly address and eliminate mice infestations to prevent the spread of these diseases.
In addition to disease transmission, mice infestation can also trigger allergic reactions in individuals. Mice allergens, such as their urine, saliva, and dander, can become airborne and cause respiratory issues in sensitive individuals. Wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath are common symptoms experienced by those allergic to mice. Furthermore, the presence of mice droppings and urine can worsen existing respiratory conditions, such as asthma, leading to further complications.
Moreover, mice infestations can negatively impact food safety and hygiene. These rodents have a remarkable ability to gnaw through packaging, contaminating food supplies with their droppings, urine, and fur. Consuming contaminated food can lead to food poisoning, which manifests as symptoms like nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. The risk of foodborne illnesses increases significantly in environments where mice infestations go unnoticed or unaddressed.
To protect yourself and your loved ones from the health risks associated with mice infestation, it is crucial to take preventive measures and promptly address any signs of infestation. Regularly sealing cracks and gaps in your home, storing food securely, and maintaining cleanliness can help to deter mice from entering your premises. If you suspect a mice infestation, it is advisable to seek professional help for efficient removal and prevention strategies.
Remember, mice infestations are not to be taken lightly. The potential health risks are real and can have serious consequences. By understanding and acknowledging these risks, we can take necessary steps to create a safe and healthy environment for ourselves and those around us. Stay informed, stay vigilant, and protect your well-being against the dangers of mice infestation.
Say Bye to Mice: Effective Methods for Mouse Removal and Control
Mice can be a nuisance in our homes, causing damage to property and spreading diseases. If you’re dealing with a mouse infestation, it’s important to take effective measures for removal and control. Fortunately, there are several methods available that can help you bid farewell to these unwanted guests.
One of the most common methods for mouse removal is through the use of traps. There are different types of traps available, such as snap traps, glue traps, and live traps. Snap traps are designed to kill mice instantly when they activate the trigger, while glue traps capture mice by sticking them to a sticky surface. Live traps, on the other hand, allow you to capture the mice alive and release them outside once caught.
Another effective method for mouse removal is through the use of rodenticides. These are chemical substances specifically designed to kill rodents. They come in the form of pellets or blocks which contain active ingredients that are toxic to mice. It’s important to follow the instructions and guidelines provided with the rodenticides to ensure their safe and effective use.
Preventing mice from entering your home is also a crucial step in controlling their population. Start by sealing any cracks or holes in your walls, doors, and windows that may serve as entry points for mice. Keep your living spaces clean and clutter-free, as mice are attracted to food and garbage. Additionally, storing food in airtight containers can help deter mice from accessing your pantry.
In conclusion, dealing with a mouse infestation requires effective methods for their removal and control. Traps, rodenticides, and preventive measures can all contribute to successfully saying goodbye to mice in your home. It’s important to choose the method that works best for your situation while ensuring the safety of your family and pets. Take action promptly when dealing with a mouse problem to prevent further damage and ensure a pest-free living environment. | <urn:uuid:a30e21bb-4a46-409c-aa53-0d627d24790b> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://washingtontermite.com/how-do-mice-get-in-your-house/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510529.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20230929222230-20230930012230-00404.warc.gz | en | 0.945413 | 2,039 | 2.53125 | 3 |
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