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The US Food and Drug Administration announced on Thursday that it will now require sunlamps used in tanning salons to carry a black-box warning stating that the product should not be used by children under the age of 18. But the action falls short of what the agency’s own advisory committee recommended in 2010: a federal government ban on the use of tanning beds in teens, similar to the ban in place for selling tobacco to minors.
Materials used to market the UV lamps and tanning beds -- like websites, brochures, or user instructions -- must now include information on cancer risks including a recommendation that regular tanning bed users “should be regularly evaluated for skin cancer” due to repeated exposure to the lamps UV radiation and that the use of UV lamps can be particularly dangerous for those with a family history of skin cancer.
The agency reclassified the devices as “moderate-risk” from “low-risk” and now requires manufacturers to demonstrate that their products meet certain performance testing requirements and have certain elements in their product design in order to receive FDA clearance to put them in tanning salons or to sell them directly to consumers.
“The FDA has taken an important step today to address the risk to public health from sunlamp products,” Dr. Jeffrey Shuren, director of the FDA’s Center for Devices and Radiological Health, said in a statement. “Repeated UV exposure from sunlamp products poses a risk of skin cancer for all users.”
Those who use an indoor tanning salon, even once, have a 59 percent increased risk of melanoma, the deadliest type of skin cancer, according to the American Academy of Dermatology. The risk increases each time they use a tanning bed since radiation exposure is cumulative.
“The FDA’s decision to more strictly regulate tanning beds will save lives,” Tim Turnham, executive director of the non-profit Melanoma Research Foundation, said in a statement. “Now, it’s critical for every parent, family physician, schoolteacher and public health advocate to promote greater understanding of the grave risk people, especially young people, take when they enter a tanning bed.”
During a press briefing, Nancy Stade, the FDA’s deputy director for policy, said the agency considered enacting a ban on the use of tanning beds in minors but that FDA officials ultimately determined that the regulation they issued was an “adequate measure” to inform consumers and help them make better decisions about whether to use tanning beds.
A handful of states, including Vermont, New York, and New Jersey, have banned those under 18 from using tanning beds, and Massachusetts is currently considering a bill, though the legislation has been put on hold for years. The state currently requires minors to get written parental consent before tanning; those under 14 need to be accompanied by a parent or guardian.
The federal health care law added a 10 percent “sin” tax on tanning beds, in an effort to reduce the estimated 2.3 million teens who visit indoor tanning salons each year.
Manufacturers of new sunlamp products must apply to the FDA for clearance before they can market them. Those with products already on the market have up to 15 months to submit paperwork to the agency.
The Indoor Tanning Association, a trade group that represents sunlamp manufacturers, submitted comments to the FDA after the rule was first proposed a year ago, stating that “sunlamp products are not medical devices but instead are electronic products” and that reclassifying them into a higher risk category is “contrary to law” and “exceeds the agency’s statutory authority.” The group has not yet decided whether to file a lawsuit against the FDA to try to thwart the new regulation, executive director John Overstreet said in an interview.
“We’ve always maintained that the science isn’t there on the risks of sunlamps,” Overstreet said. “We’re disappointed that [the FDA] decided to go this route.”Deborah Kotz can be reached at [email protected]. Follow her on Twitter @debkotz2. | <urn:uuid:da7eee6b-19c8-4d39-9800-c87bff11cfb6> | CC-MAIN-2017-26 | http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/health-wellness/2014/05/29/fda-will-now-require-warning-labels-tanning-beds/KOTSrOHdA6I3c5WnnENyyL/story.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-26/segments/1498128320257.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20170624101204-20170624121204-00167.warc.gz | en | 0.942814 | 893 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Reading time: Less than 1 minute
Increase your vocabulary and you’ll make your writing much more precise. That’s why I provide a word of the week. Today’s word: belfry….
Of course, I know that a belfry is the part of a bell tower or steeple in which bells are housed. But when I encountered the term in the very fine novel A Gentleman in Moscow, by Amor Towles, I started to wonder about the origins of the word.
Here is how Towles used it:
The ill-lit ascent turned a sharp corner every five steps in the manner of a belfry.
You’d have thought that the origin of the word would related to “bell,” which comes from the Old English belle, which is also associated with the Middle Dutch belle. But, in fact, the word — which dates back to 1400 — comes from the Old North French berfroi (Modern French beffroi), meaning “movable siege tower.”
The origin of this word, in turn, comes frm Middle High German bercfrit meaning “protecting shelter,” from Proto-Germanic compound berg-frithu, which literally means “high place of security,” or that which watches over peace.”
Over many years, the etymological meaning was forgotten, which led to folk-etymologies and a diversity of spellings. By the mid-15th century, it came to be used for bell towers. And the spelling of the first syllable was altered by the word’s association with a bell.
An earlier version of this post first appeared on my blog on Sept. 26/18. | <urn:uuid:04714290-0f6d-47d8-bdea-d03e2b9ed1cd> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://www.publicationcoach.com/belfry/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948708.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20230327220742-20230328010742-00356.warc.gz | en | 0.965927 | 370 | 3.265625 | 3 |
The Scarlet Letter by Nathanial Hawthorne is a complex novel with in depth characterization. This analysis is about Hester Prynne, the main character and focuses on three of her attitudes, appearance, and morals.
Hester's physical appearance is developed and referred to often throughout the novel. Hawthorne paints a picture for the reader of Hester's beauty.
She had dark and abundant hair, so glossy that it through off the sunshine with a gleam and a face regularity of features and riches of complexion, and the impressiveness belonging to a marked brow and deep black eyes. (Hawthorne, 50)
The author also describes Hester as being of modest decorum. "With almost serene deportment, therefore, Hester Prynne passed through this portion of her ordeal, came to a sort of scaffold, at the western extremity of the marketplace. (Hawthorne, 52) As the story is told, the author often refers to Hester's attitude as well as her appearance.
Hester is portrayed as having a strong will and attitude in the Scarlet Letter. She kept her spirits high even when she thought she faced death. She managed to maintain her strength throughout her battles.
With her native energy of character and rare capacity, it could not entirely cast her off, although it had set a mark upon her, more intolerable to a woman's heart than that which branded the brow of Cain. In all her intercourse with society, however, there was nothing that made her feel as if she belonged to it. every gesture, every word, and even the silence of those with whom she came in contact, implied and often expressed, that she inhabited another sphere, or communicated with the common nature by other organs and senses than the rest of human kind. She stood apart from mortal interests, yet close beside them, like a ghost that revisits the familiar foresides, and can no longer make itself seen of felt. (Hawthorne, 77-78)
Hester's attitude is directly related to... | <urn:uuid:e2d954bd-6155-4b10-944a-534c9fa48448> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://www.studymode.com/essays/Character-Analysis-Hester-Prynne-1-65115187.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096579.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00276-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97962 | 416 | 3.734375 | 4 |
If you are seeking to start a nonprofit, you must decide how your nonprofit will function before anything else. You can choose to operate as an informal group of individuals bound by the agreements. The disadvantage of doing this is that there is a specific number of individuals that can partake in the agreement. Furthermore, you will not enjoy the privileges and rights that an organization enjoys, in terms of trust from the potential donors. There is no organizational structure and bears no responsibility like the structured nonprofit organizations. This arrangement reduces responsibility to an organizational structure beyond what is needed to keep the nonprofit running.
There is also an unincorporated association, charitable trust, and nonprofit corporation, which are all types of nonprofits. An unincorporated association is the simplest form of nonprofit that allows a founder to have tax-deductible contribution and a bank account in their name. A charitable trust is a common form where charitable organizations are used to make grants. A nonprofit corporation unlike the charitable trusts are common in the US and are a legally recognized form of nonprofits. They must report to their states and IRS and adhere to the formality requirements. As you start a nonprofit, you need to understand all these types of birthing options for nonprofits.
- Understand the vulnerability of young nonprofits
Nonprofits, just like other organizations encounter all types of threats as they negotiate with the new environment. As a nonprofit, you need to prepare for this challenge. It is understood that startups have high rates of failure. The failure among nonprofits is caused by a misunderstanding of the market, a faulty model of attracting donors among other issues. While people may think that failure for-profits are the only ones affected by the failure, the truth is that nonprofits also suffer. Therefore, you must understand the market properly before starting a nonprofit of your choice.
Surviving as a nonprofit
- Establish the reason for forming a nonprofit.
You need to begin by establishing the need to form a nonprofit. Think about your intended demographic or the population you would wish to serve, understand the needs of the population you want to serve and think about the solution and think if you will be adding value.
- Build a solid foundation for your nonprofit
Your nonprofit needs a firm foundation and clarity from the beginning. This includes creating a good vision and mission that is suitable for the cause you are championing. Choose a good name, identify the problem, devise the solution, and define your population of interest. Also, determine the vision and values and come up with a catchy vision statement.
- Create a business plan and stick to it
Some nonprofit founders jump into recruitment and seeking money before writing a business plan that documents what you need to do and how you will do it. However, it is always a good thing to write a business plan before starting your operations. It is only after coming up with a business plan that you will be able to estimate your incomes, costs, and employees you will need and what you can afford. Invest time in the development of a detailed business plan. This will give you the discipline to think critically about important strategic and operational issues. | <urn:uuid:fe1c916f-20f1-49ab-9431-c9a90b4be312> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://nptechnews.com/index.php/managementfeatures/item/4214-guide-your-new-nonprofit-to-success | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046155529.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20210805095314-20210805125314-00328.warc.gz | en | 0.952656 | 623 | 2.515625 | 3 |
Cross-posted from Qualys Security Labs.
Slow HTTP attacks rely on the fact that the HTTP protocol, by design, requires requests to be completely received by the server before they are processed. If an http request is not complete, or if the transfer rate is very low, the server keeps its resources busy waiting for the rest of the data. If the server keeps too many resources busy, this creates a denial of service.
These types of attack are easy to execute because a single machine is able to establish thousands of connections to a server and generate thousands of unfinished HTTP requests in a very short period of time using minimal bandwidth.
Due to implementation differences among various HTTP servers, two main attack vectors exist:
- Slowloris: Slowing down HTTP headers, making the server wait for the final CRLF, which indicates the end of the headers section;
- Slow POST: Slowing down the HTTP message body, making the server wait until all content arrives according to the Content-Length header; or until the final CRLF arrives, if HTTP 1.1 is being used and no Content-Length was declared.
The scary part is that these attacks can just look like requests that are taking a long time, so it's hard to detect and prevent them by using traditional anti-DoS tools. Recent rumors indicate these attacks are happening right now: CIA.gov attacked using slowloris.
QualysGuard Web Application Scanner (WAS) uses a number of approaches to detect vulnerability to these attacks.
To detect a slow headers (a.k.a. Slowloris) attack vulnerability (Qualys ID 150079), WAS opens two connections to the server and requests the base URL provided in the scan configuration.
The request sent to the first connection consists of a request line and one single header line but without the final CRLF, similar to the following:
GET / HTTP/1.1 CRLF
Connection: keep-alive CRLF
The request sent to the second connection looks identical to the first one, but WAS sends a follow-up header line some interval later to make the HTTP server think the peer is still alive:
Referer: http://www.qualys.com/products/qg_suite/was/ CRLF
Currently that interval is approximately 10 seconds plus the average response time during the crawl phase.
WAS considers the server platform vulnerable to a slowloris attack if the server closes the second connection more than 10 seconds later than the first one. In that case, the server prolonged its internal timeout value because it perceived the connection to be slow. Using a similar approach, an attacker could occupy a resource (thread or socket) on that server for virtually forever by sending a byte per T – 1 (or any random value less than T), where T is the timeout after which the server would drop the connection.
WAS does not report the server to be vulnerable if it keeps both connections open for the same long period of time (more than 2 minutes, for example), as that would be a false positive if the target server were IIS (which has protection against slow header attacks, but is less tolerant of real slow connections).
Slow POST Detection
To detect a slow POST (a.k.a. Are-You-Dead-Yet) attack vulnerability (QID 150085), WAS opens two other connections, and uses an action URL of a form it discovered during the crawl phase that doesn't require authentication.
The request sent to the first connection looks like the following:
POST /url_that_accepts_post HTTP/1.1 CRLF
Host: host_to_test:port_if_not_default CRLF
User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0;) CRLF
Connection: close CRLF
Referer: http://www.qualys.com/products/qg_suite/was/ CRLF
Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded CRLF
Content-Length: 512 CRLF
Accept: text/html;q=0.9,text/plain;q=0.8,image/png,*/*;q=0.5 CRLF
Similar to the slow headers approach, WAS sends an identical request to the second connection, and then 10 seconds later sends the following (again without the final CRLF):
WAS considers the target vulnerable if any of the following conditions are met:
- The server keeps the second connection open 10 seconds longer than the first one, or
- The server keeps both connections open for more than 120 seconds, or
- The server doesn’t close both connections within a 5 minute period (as WAS limits slow tests to 5 minutes only).
WAS assumes that if it is possible to either keep the connection open with an unfinished request for longer than 120 seconds or, even better, prolong the unfinished connection by sending a byte per T - 1 (or any random value less than T), then it’s possible to acquire all server sockets or threads within that interval.
WAS also performs a supplemental test to determine unhealthy behavior in handling POST requests, by sending a simple POST request to the base URI with a relatively large message body (65543 Kbytes). The content of the body is a random set of ASCII characters, and the content type is set to application/x-www-form-urlencoded. WAS assumes that if the server blindly accepts that request, e.g. responds with 200, then it gives an attacker more opportunity to prolong the slow connection by sending one byte per T - 1. Multiplying 65543 by the T - 1 would give you the length of time an attacker could keep that connection open. QID 150086 is reported on detection of that behavior.
Tests performed by WAS are passive and as non-intrusive as possible, which minimizes the risk of taking down the server. But because of the possibility of false positives, care should be taken, especially if the HTTP server or IPS (Intrusion Prevention System) is configured to change data processing behavior if a certain number of suspicious requests are detected. If you are interested in active testing, which might take your server down, you can try some active testing using one of these available tools:
* OWASP HTTP Post Tool (tests against slow headers as well)
Mitigation of slow HTTP attacks is platform specific, so it'd be nice for the community to share mitigation techniques in the comments below. I'll post an update with information on some of those platforms, as well as general recommendations that can be extrapolated to particular platforms.
Update: Learn about New Open-Source Tool for Slow HTTP DoS Attack Vulnerabilities and download the slowhttptest tool. | <urn:uuid:5466fce7-8c61-4b23-9ed9-942451f28952> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://blog.shekyan.com/2011/07/identifying-slow-http-attack.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125944848.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20180420233255-20180421013255-00222.warc.gz | en | 0.905865 | 1,422 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Nesbitt the Peregrine Tiercel who provided the substance for the remedy Falco
Homoeopathy is a system of medicine based on the principle that like cures like; that the remedy which will cure the patient is the one that has the same effect on people as does the disease. There are many ways of seeing this process but one of the simplest is an assumption that the body knows what it is doing and medicine should help it rather than hinder it. Thus a person with a fever has a fever because it is the process the body uses to combat disease and infection. Conventional medicine often tries to reduce the fever even when it is not life threatening and so often negates the body's own healing actions. Homoeopaths would give a remedy like Belladonna, which is made from the Deadly Nightshade, a poisonous plant that causes severe fever like symptoms if it is eaten.
About the Author
Peter Fraser sees patients in Bristol. He has a special interest in provings and has participated in and helped organise several of them. He can be reached on 0117-944-5147.
A microscopic photograph of the blood of a prover before taking the AIDS remedy
A photograph of the same person's blood two days after taking the remedy
|The process of homoeopathy is a threefold one. First the homoeopath must "take the case", gather as much useful information about the patient and his or her symptoms as he can. The homoeopath must also know or be able to find out about the effects that the different remedies have. This is done through the rigorous training undergone by Professional Homoeopaths, during which they learn the important symptoms of the major remedies and also how to use the Repertory, a giant index to symptoms that outlines which remedies cause which symptoms. The Repertories do come in book form but they have become so complex and so detailed that many homoeopaths now use computerised systems, which are much faster and more versatile. The last and most difficult part of the process is matching the patient's symptoms to the symptoms of a remedy. This is much more difficult than it sounds because all the most common disease symptoms are found in a great number of remedies. It is necessary to find those symptoms that are truly distinctive of the patient and her disease, or else to get an overall "essential" picture of the patient that can be matched to the known essences of the remedies.|
Those readers who have been to a homoeopath, or know someone who has, will know something about the case taking process. Anyone who has read Dr J's monthly column in this magazine will have seen a little of what goes on in the process of matching patient to remedy. However, very little is generally known about the process of testing remedies, a process known as proving.
The Birth of Homoeopathy
Modern homoeopathy was discovered by Samuel Hahnemann, a German doctor working two hundred years ago. The legend goes that Hahnemann had become so disillusioned by the way that the medicine of the time did so much damage to patients and yet did so little to relieve their diseases and suffering that he had given up his practice.
As well as being a scientist he was a superb linguist, fluent in many languages, modern and classical, and had taken up translating scientific and medical papers from one language to another. In 1790 he was working on a paper about the effects of poisoning by Cinchona Bark, the source of the drug Quinine, which was then, as it is now, an important treatment for malarial fever. Hahnemann noted how similar the effects of the poisoning were to the symptoms of the disease that it cures. He took a dose of Cinchona Bark himself and carefully observed and noted the effect that it had on him. This was the first proving. He said of it "With this first trial broke upon me the dawn that has since brightened into the most brilliant day of medical art; that it is only in virtue of their power to make the healthy human being ill that medicines can cure morbid states."
The principle of using poisons to cure diseases similar to their effects was not a new one. It had been known to the classical physicians such as Galen and Hippocrates, and had been advocated through the Middle Ages and Renaissance by many of the great alchemists and iatrochemists, particularly Paracelsus. What was different about Hahnemann's system was that he investigated exactly what effect each remedy had and could then match them exactly to his patients' diseases. At the time there were many remedies used for intermittent fevers; Cinchona Bark was a major one, but so were St Ignatius' Bean, Arnica Root, Opium and others. On the whole, each physician used the one that he was most familiar with or had found successful. Sometimes they worked and sometimes they didn't. By conducting provings on himself, his family and friends and especially his students, Hahnemann was able to differentiate between the remedies and so choose the one that best fitted each case.
Hahnemann did make another discovery central to homoeopathy, that by diluting and succussing (shaking very hard) the remedies, their medicinal power was retained, or even enhanced, while the poisonous side effects were mitigated. However, it was his systematic proving and understanding of remedies that made homoeopathy the powerful healing force that it is.
The Relevance of Proving Today
During his life Hahnemann proved at least a hundred different remedies and built the basis of the Materia Medica that is used today. During the hundred and fifty years since, some two and a half thousand remedies have been added, some through rigorous provings, others through noting the effects of accidental poisonings. Some homoeopaths feel that there are now more medicines than we need and that new provings are a waste of time; others feel that there are still many important medicines to be discovered and that old remedies need to be reproved both to clarify their symptoms and to bring them into focus in the light of the changes in society over two hundred years.
An example of this was to be seen in last month's column by Dr J. Sepia is the brown pigment that results from drying cuttlefish ink. It was proved by Hahnemann after he observed that one of his patients, a painter, was in the habit of licking his paintbrush whenever he was using a sepia paint. The proving brought out a clear picture of the remedy and it became one of the most important homoeopathic remedies. The picture of Sepia that emerged through the Nineteenth and the first half of this Century was of the worn out housewife. Kent, the great American homoeopath working at the turn of the century, describes her as "A woman who is not built well as a woman." She becomes the housewife and mother because that is the only role open to her, she is "dragged down" by domestic toil and she resents it. During the last thirty years the role of women in western society has changed dramatically. The woman with a Sepia susceptibility would no longer be forced to stay at home, she can go out into the world and get a job, a high flying one if she wants. The situation is now reversed; the Sepia woman is out working in a man's world and she is "dragged down" by the fact she is a woman and the pressures that this puts on her. These can be the pressures of having children and running a household, or they can be the physical pressures of being a woman, pressures such as menstruation and menopause. Sepia is such a large and well-known remedy that it is not too difficult to recognise it on some of its more idiosyncratic features and so this modified picture has developed over recent years. However, there must be many other remedies that have a modern picture that is different from that which they revealed when they were proved more than a century ago and, because the details of their pictures are less well known, only new provings will fully reveal the pictures that are relevant today.
The Problems in Contemporary Provings
Hahnemann was, among his many skills, what we would call today a research scientist and the provings that he conducted were of a very high standard. Sadly not all those that followed him were as scrupulous and many very poor provings were conducted over the years. Over the last twenty years there has been enormous growth in professional homoeopathy all over the world but especially in Britain. One sign of this is that there were only a couple of colleges teaching homoeopathy twenty years ago, now there are about twenty. Provings have now become much more common and the way in which they are conducted is much more rigorous than it was just a few years ago.
A major force in this change has been the homoeopath Jeremy Sherr. He runs a postgraduate school where part of the syllabus is the proving of new remedies. Not only has he given us valuable pictures of remedies such as Chocolate, Hydrogen and Scorpion, but he developed and published a protocol for the conduct of provings that is rigorous and based on the work of Hahnemann.
Provings should be conducted on healthy individuals; however, very few people would claim to be a hundred per cent healthy and this is one of the many areas where compromises have to be made. No proving is perfect, but if it is well conducted the imperfections are above board and can be taken into account when it is interpreted. Most of the provings done today are done by student homoeopaths, just as they were in Hahnemann's time. As most students are women, at least ninety per cent, and some classes contain no men at all, there is a gender imbalance in the results. This is the reverse of the situation in conventional medicine. In medical research, whether it be on drugs or of an epidemiological nature, the use of women subjects is thought to introduce too many variables, childbearing, hormonal changes, etc., and, unless it is on a gender specific disease such as breast cancer, research is conducted exclusively on men. Thus although heart disease kills many more women than breast cancer does, there has been almost no research at all on heart disease in women.
The Substances of Homoeopathy
When Hahnemann began proving remedies he worked primarily on the poisonous substances that were then used as medicines. These included minerals such as Sulphur, Gold and Mercury, and plants such as Cinchona, Deadly Nightshade and Monkshood. After a while he discovered that there are many substances that are thought to be harmless but which, when potentized, were found to cause symptoms in provers and to cure those same symptoms in patients. Common table salt and the Calcium carbonate found in oyster shells are examples of these substances which have become some of the most fundamental and powerful remedies used by homoeopaths.
Insusbstantial things, such as magnetism, were also potentized and proved. It is often not realised that only a few years ago a medical student's basic equipment consisted of a stethoscope, a blood pressure gauge and an electronic magnetic field generator. Constantine Hering, one of Hahnemann's students, discovered the powerful venom of the Bushmaster snake in the Amazon jungle. He accidentally absorbed some through a cut and so conducted the first proving of Lachesis. The Bee and the Tarantula spider also became valuable remedies.
There is now a well-developed protocol for how substances are used. Minerals and chemicals are used in their purest form. Either the whole of a plant or its most active part is tinctured in alcohol and water. Insects are used whole, which creates problems for vegetarian and vegans when the remedies Apis (bee), Tarantula or Scorpion are indicated. Reptiles are represented by their venoms. Mammals are represented by their milks. This started with dog's milk, which was a folk remedy for Diptheria and which, when proved, was shown to be a valuable remedy. Bird remedies are made from a feather and/or a drop of blood.
Miasms and Nosodes
Hahnemann discovered that though he was able to cure diseases very effectively and quickly, many of his patients were coming back again with recurrent problems. He developed the Theory of Chronic Diseases, that the diseases we see can be just individual manifestations of a deeper disease that is under control some of the time but regularly pops up as an acute condition. Gradually the acute manifestations become more severe and the breaks between them shorter. Hahnemann realised that to cure the chronic disease it was necessary to treat it with a remedy that matched the picture of the whole person not just that of the presenting acute disease.
Hahnemann felt that there were certain diseases that lay in the background of chronic illness, and these were passed from generation to generation. He called these diseases Miasms and believed that they were associated with venereal infections. The first and most basic Miasm was Psora and it was associated with the itch, infection with the scabies mite. Scabies is not very common in people any more but it can be seen in dogs and foxes where it is known as mange. The second Miasm is Sycosis, which is associated with Gonorrhoea and the third is Syphilis. Over the years two more major Miasms have been added to the list, those of Tuberculosis and Cancer.
Nosodes are remedies that are prepared from diseased tissue. The samples are potentized, through which process all trace of the infective agent is removed. The medicine then represents the "spirit of the disease" rather than the disease itself. Although some aspects of a nosode can be inferred from the disease itself, the only way to get a true picture of the remedy is to conduct provings. Carcinosin, the Cancer nosode, Tuberculinum, the Tuberculosis nosode, and Medorrhinum, the Gonorrhoea nosode, are among the most valuable homoeopathic remedies but they are also among the hardest to understand properly and to recognise in patients.
The AIDS Nosode
In the early nineteen eighties a new and terrible disease was sweeping through the gay communities of the large cities of the western world. The disease itself had no form but it suppressed the immune system and allowed a number of opportunist infections to wreak havoc. The disease was transmitted through bodily fluids, usually through sexual contact. Its source was a mystery, and although the HIV virus was eventually discovered, there is still serious controversy whether it is the only factor involved in the disease.
As a venereal disease that suddenly swept through the world causing horror, revulsion, moral outrage and a fear that was out of proportion to its incidence; AIDS has many of the features of the other diseases that have provided the major miasmatic nosodes. Susan Sontag in her essay "Illness as Metaphor" describes how the Venereal Diseases, Tuberculosis and Cancer has taken on (or perhaps revealed) metaphoric meaning that went far beyond their physical manifestation, both in the individual and in society. AIDS, as soon as its presence became known, had clearly joined the pantheon of Metaphoric Illness.
In 1988 Misha Norland, who runs the School of Homoeopathy in Devon, conducted a proving of the remedy, which had been prepared from the blood of a man with full blown AIDS and who later died of the disease. This proving produced a number of symptoms but there was not a clear overall picture. A group in Holland also conducted a similarly exhaustive proving with similarly unsatisfactory results. In 1994 he conducted two further provings which this time produced a clear and comprehensive picture of the remedy.
In his books Rupert Sheldrake talks of how new phenomenon spread in a way that is not explained by physical communication. He gives the examples of Blue Tits learning to open milk bottles and of new chemicals that do not crystallise for sometime after their first synthesis but then suddenly, in laboratories scattered over the globe, the substance begins to crystallise in exactly the same pattern. He attributes this to "morphic fields" which he believes control growth and development in all sorts of different ways. It seems possible that the "morphic field of the AIDS remedy" was not sufficiently formed until the later provings.
In this proving the dreams were a particularly strong indicator of the essence of the remedy. Extravagance in behaviour and in buildings, a sense of suspicion and being under attack, a concern for the welfare of animals and children and restlessness were all themes that came through clearly in both the provers' dreams and the feelings and symptoms they experienced after taking the remedy.
Although promiscuous homosexuality is by no means the story of even the majority of those who get AIDS, it has become part of the spirit of the disease, the feeling of being an outcast, a person who breaks the taboos of anal sex and so courts the third taboo of death, a person who can never be accepted by the rest of society. This feeling is absolutely central to the disease picture of the AIDS nosode. The AIDS patient often feels that he is abandoned by society and his illness is being ignored. The person who needs the AIDS nosode has the same sort of feelings, that he or she is an outcast of society, that they are only safe in their own house, where they can pull the curtains and create their own culture. When they leave the safety of their house they are defenceless and any attack becomes major, just as for the AIDS patient any disease or infection becomes life threatening.
Science and Homoeopathy
Alternative medicine is often criticised by conventional scientists as completely unscientific. Homoeopathy, since the time of Hahnemann, has been based on the clear, scientific collection of evidence, and the best homoeopathy continues to be so. In the case of AIDS a further proving was conducted with a remedy that came from the blood of a different person. As the results from this proving were very similar, it is clear that the picture is of the AIDS nosode and not that of the person from whom the blood was taken. In homoeopathy the evidence is given greater weight than is the prejudice of a certain mind set or scientific paradigm.
One of the major arguments against homoeopathy used by conventional critics is that the dilutions involved in homoeopathic remedies are so great that they could not possibly have any effect. This is true; nevertheless, they do have very powerful effects. During one of the AIDS provings one of the provers worked in a laboratory and agreed to have daily blood tests during the proving. The accompanying photographs show his blood as seen through a microscope before taking the remedy and two days after. In the first picture the erythrocytes (red blood cells) are normal in shape, size and distribution; in the second one the phenomena of anisocytosis (distortion in the size of erythrocytes), poikilocytosis (distortions in the shape of erythrocytes) and stacking are dramatically obvious. This prover received the remedy in a potency of 200c. In other words the original substance had been diluted to one part in one with four hundred noughts after it. If you took a single atom and diluted it in all the atoms that there are in our Galaxy, the Milky Way, you would have a dilution of one part in one with just seventy noughts after it. Yet in spite of this unimaginable dilution the remedy appears to have had an undeniable physical effect on the prover. In fact, provings clearly show that the effect of remedies can be felt by people who have not taken the remedy but who are in touch with its energy. Members of an established group who do not take the remedy often experience exactly the same symptoms as those members who do.
The Spirit of The Falcon
In 1997 I was involved in the proving of Trained Peregrine Falcon. The remedy (Falco) was prepared from a feather and a drop of blood taken from a trained Tiercel (male Falcon) by a vet. Half of a class of student homoeopaths took the remedy and half supervised, though symptoms clearly affected everyone in the group. Though none of the provers knew what the remedy was they experienced all sorts of symptoms clearly connected with the Spirit of the Falcon. When driving, many provers felt the urge for excessive speed (the Falcon is the fastest creature on earth), or found that they could not get off roundabouts and went round several times. There were things connected with the fingernails (talons) and dreams about eating raw meat. The most important spirit of the remedy revolves around feelings of humiliation and entrapment that reflect the position of the wild bird made captive and trained to the will of man. Many animals, especially the dog, have this dual nature, but dogs have been domesticated over hundreds of generations.
The Falcon is one of the wildest of creatures and it is disciplined through starvation and sensory deprivation in just a few months. The feelings of the Falco patient are also extreme and revolve around her true wild spirit and love of the wilderness and of being trapped and humiliated.
There are clearly similarities between the feelings in AIDS and Falco and the patient who has so far had the strongest curative effect from Falco was also enormously helped by the AIDS nosode.
The Effect of Provings
The purpose of provings is primarily to find the pictures of new remedies, or to deepen the understanding of old ones. There are, however, many important side effects. New remedies have helped many patients, who might never have been so deeply cured if remedies like Chocolate, Hydrogen and Scorpion had not been understood.
It is strange how often fate puts people in a proving that helps them. Two of the AIDS provers experienced what can only be described as cures from the remedy. In Falco several provers found that the proving had a substantial effect that seemed to help other remedies to work much better. Provings are not always pleasant, some of the symptoms experienced can be painful or uncomfortable. It is important that provers have the support of the proving structure and of an experienced homoeopath. Sometimes the prover will become stuck in some part of the proving state and he will need another remedy, an antidote, to bring him out of it. However, almost all provers come out of the experienced unchanged, or more often, healthier, stronger and wiser.
Provings are also a powerful pedagogic tool. They help
students to learn and understand the process through which the remedies they use came to be understood. They also help students to better understand what symptoms are and what they feel like. We all become so used to our own selves and our own symptoms that we do not see them clearly in ourselves or in our patients; a proving forces homoeopaths to look very closely at symptoms and so to understand what exactly a symptom is and what it means.
The provings of AIDS and Falco are now being collated and will be published soon.
Hahnemann, S. Lesser Writings JAIN, 1995.
Hahnemann, S. The Organon of the Medical Art. Birdcage Books, 1996.
Sontag, S. Illness as Metaphor. Penguin Books,
Sheldrake, R. A New Science of Life. Paladin, 1983.
Sheldrake, R. The Presence of the Past. Thorsons, 1989.
Sherr, J The Dynamics and Methodology of Homoeopathic Provings. Dynamis Books, 1994.
This article first appeared in Positive Health Magazine in June 1998
Go to The Positive Health Website at: www.positivehealth.com
Return to the top of the page
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A Conservation Authority’s main purpose is to manage natural resources, primarily land and water, on a watershed basis. They participate in many different activities including surveys and studies of natural resources, education programs, land use planning and forestry, to name a few.
A watershed is all lands drained by a river or stream and its tributaries. It is usually defined by a height of land. Another term for watershed would be a drainage basin. For instance, the Rideau Canal’s highest point is near Newboro, causing the water in the Rideau Canal to drain north from Newboro to the Ottawa River and south from Newboro to Lake Ontario.
Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority:
The Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority has jurisdiction over the whole area spanning from the Bay of Quinte near Belleville to the west of Kingston, all the way to Brockville to the east. This region actually contains 10 watersheds or drainage basins serving some 180,000 people. Heading north, the Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority reaches up to Newboro. As mentioned in the watersheds section, all water north of Newboro flows to the Ottawa River, handing over the responsibility of conservation to its northern counter part, the Ottawa Valley Conservation Authority.
- Little Cataraqui Creek Conservation Area
- Lemoine Point Conservation Area
For more information on the Cataraqui Region Conservation Authority, including a list of their activities, please visit their website.
Rideau Valley Conservation Authority:
The watershed of the Rideau River drains an area of over 4,000 km2 of Eastern Ontario. The main stem of the river flows in a northerly direction from Upper Rideau Lake near Newboro to the City of Ottawa where it tumbles over Rideau Falls into the Ottawa River. The watershed includes well-known and well-loved towns such as Portland, Perth, Smiths Falls, Merrickville, Kemptville, and Manotick. About 620,000 people live in the watershed including a large part of the City of Ottawa.
- Baxter Conservation Area
- Chapman Mills Conservation Area
- Foley Mountain Conservation Area
- Rideau Ferry Conservation Area
- W.A. Taylor Conservation Area
- Portland Bay Conservation Area
- Perth Wildlife Reserve
- Millpond Conservation Area
- Dickinson Square Conservation Area
For more information on the Rideau Valley Conservation Authority, including a list of their activities, please visit their website.
Conservation Authorities deliver a wide range of services, activities and facilities which include:
- Watershed strategies and management
- Mapping and development of a natural resources information database for our watershed
- Agriculture and rural landowner assistance
- Environmental education and information programming
- Land acquisition
- Outdoor recreation
- Environmental land use planning
- Habitat protection
- Flooding and erosion protection
- Sensitive wetlands, flood plains and valley land protection
- Water quality and quantity monitoring
For more information on Ontario’s conservation authorities and watersheds, please visit the Ontario Conservation Authorities website at http://www.conservation-ontario.on.ca/. | <urn:uuid:30eccd6b-5ee2-4017-b86f-c1546aa76dc3> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.rideauheritageroute.ca/conservation-authorities/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178372367.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20210305122143-20210305152143-00228.warc.gz | en | 0.892855 | 641 | 3.5 | 4 |
The original area of origin of the aubergine is not well known, but it has long been thought to come from the region around India and Burma.
The wild relatives of aubergines are native to savannahs of eastern Africa and the tropical forests of Asia, but the origins of the aubergine are not well understood. It is thought to have been first domesticated somewhere in Southeast Asia. Chinese literature has references to the cultivation of aubergines in 96 BC (Wang et al., 2008).
Asia produces most of the world’s aubergines (78%), but Turkey is a significant area for cultivation, with 19% of world production coming from there.
If climate change results in drying and warming, then aubergine cultivation could become more important in northern Europe as well. | <urn:uuid:ec8a10e2-fd8f-4ee2-8b53-f92127f76bd7> | CC-MAIN-2014-15 | http://www.nhm.ac.uk/nature-online/species-of-the-day/scientific-advances/industry/solanum-melongena/distribution%20and%20ecology/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-15/segments/1398223206120.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20140423032006-00559-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958367 | 164 | 3.625 | 4 |
Workers who pick our fruits and vegetables already face harsh conditions in fields during summer harvest months. Those conditions will worsen significantly over the coming decades.
A new study from the University of Washington and Stanford University, published online in Environmental Research Letters, looks at temperature increases in counties across the United States where crops are grown. It also looks at different strategies the industry could adopt to protect workers’ health.
“Studies of climate change and agriculture have traditionally focused on crop yield projections, especially staple crops like corn and wheat,” said lead author Michelle Tigchelaar, a postdoctoral researcher at Stanford University who did the work while at the UW. “This study asks what global warming means for the health of agricultural workers picking fruits and vegetables.”
The study helps employers and workers foresee future conditions and think about how to prepare, said co-author Dr. June Spector, associate professor in the UW Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences.
“This is the first study that I’m aware of that has attempted to quantify the effect of various adaptations, at the workplace level, to mitigate the risk of increased heat exposure with global warming for agricultural workers,” Spector said.
Learn more about our work with farmworking communities to protect their health. | <urn:uuid:53041088-1086-4a3a-9960-71c943ed9b91> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://deohs.washington.edu/hsm-blog/heat-risk-farmworkers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703533863.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20210123032629-20210123062629-00558.warc.gz | en | 0.953168 | 263 | 3.1875 | 3 |
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Fasting or beta-hydroxybutyrate administration reduces cellular senescence.
Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) is a ketone produced by the body during times of carbohydrate scarcity such as those encountered while practicing a ketogenic diet, fasting, or exercise, which have all demonstrated the ability to extend healthspan and lifespan. However, the precise effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate on the cellular mechanisms of aging are not well understood. Findings of one report show that BHB administration and fasting both reduce senescence in mice.
Senescence occurs when a damaged cell terminates its normal cycles of growth and reproduction for the purpose of preventing the accumulation of damaged DNA or mitochondria. While senescence plays a vital role in human development and wound healing, the accumulation of senescent cells is associated with diseases of aging such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and glaucoma. Lifestyle habits or drugs that increase beta-hydroxybutyrate may extend healthspan and reduce disease risk by slowing the rate of senescence.
The researchers conducted an experiment that involved culturing human vascular endothelial (i.e., blood vessel cells) from the umbilical cord and aorta, followed by an experiment with mice. To compare the effects of BHB supplementation and fasting, the researchers fed one group of mice a normal diet, then randomly assigned them to receive an injection of BHB or a placebo after they had fasted for just five hours. Using a second group of mice, the researchers randomly assigned half of the group to fast for 72 hours and the other half to eat normally. In both the cell culture and mice experiments, the researchers measured changes in gene expression and metabolic activity.
The researchers found that BHB reduced senescence in vascular cells due to increased expression of the transcription factor Oct4, which is a protein that binds to DNA and regulates cell regeneration and stem cell differentiation. Compared to mice who received a placebo injection, mice who received BHB had reduced senescence in vascular cells through the same Oct4 pathway as in cell culture. Mice who fasted also robustly activated Oct4, leading to activation of senescence-associated markers such as mTOR inhibition and AMPK activation, two pathways that modulate lifespan.
Prior to this study, it was not known whether Oct4 was active in adult cells; however, these results show fasting or BHB administration activates youth-associated DNA factors that reduce senescence in mice and cell culture. Future studies are needed to translate these results into relevant use for humans because humans have very different nutritional needs than mice to cells in culture. | <urn:uuid:5e0d3f77-05f3-46d2-9bfa-904e8b5ff788> | CC-MAIN-2022-40 | https://podcast.foundmyfitness.com/news/s/dt4yd7/beta-hydroxybutyrate_production_from_fasting_or_a_ketogenic_diet_may_reduce_the_production_of_senescent_cells_associated_with_vascular_aging/comments/akgbji | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-40/segments/1664030336880.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20221001163826-20221001193826-00719.warc.gz | en | 0.944544 | 587 | 2.78125 | 3 |
The separation of intense emotion from its real object and its redirection toward someone or something that is less offensive or threatening in order to avoid dealing directly with what is frightening or threatening. The purpose of displacement is to avoid having to cope with the actual reality that is too painful. Instead, by using displacement, an individual is able to still experience his or her anger, but it is directed at a less threatening target than the real cause. In this way, the individual does not have to be responsible for the consequences of his/her anger and feels more safe.
Here is a recent example of this defense mechanism in action.
Here are two more.
I also wrote recently about displacement's role in the etiology of Bush Derangement Syndrome.
As you can see, it is an all-purpose type of defense that protects the user from having to deal with a painful reality or from questioning cherished beliefs. By blaming Bush and America, one does not have to take either the moral or physical responsibility for dealing with the real evil that has been unleashed upon the world.
Standing up against those who kidnap and behead innocents; blow themselves and others up in the name of God; and have openly and without a lick of shame discussed the annihilation of millions--now that would require real moral courage. | <urn:uuid:afe5514c-1076-42a2-b4ad-3cec85dca53c> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://drsanity.blogspot.com/2005/11/textbook-examples-of-displacement.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549423903.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170722062617-20170722082617-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.965377 | 263 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Ethanol: Is It About Energy And The Environment, Or Farm Income?
July 23, 2001
Ethanol is a lavishly subsidized motor fuel made from corn. Lobbyists for even higher government subsidies for ethanol contend it provides environmental benefits, reduces reliance on imported oil and raises farm income.
But a growing number of critics say many of those claims are groundless.
- In 1999, the National Academy of Sciences reported that when ethanol is blended with gasoline, it does not significantly reduce pollution and may even increase the pollutants that cause smog.
- According to many economists and agricultural experts, the bulk of the profits generated from ethanol go to giant agricultural processors like the Archer Daniels Midland Co. -- which is turning greater volumes of low-priced corn into high-priced fuel.
- ADM -- which tributes heavily to both political parties -- controls about 50 percent of the ethanol market and ethanol has yielded the company profits of about $1 billion over the past two decades, according to Prudential Securities.
- If prices remain stable, Wall Street analysts say, ADM could earn $200 million on about $1 billion in ethanol sales in the current fiscal year.
Ethanol subsidies are now approaching $1 billion a year, experts report -- and total about $10 billion since the program began in 1979.
Source: Lizette Alvarez and David Barboza, "Support Grows for Corn-Based Fuel Despite Critics," New York Times, July 23, 2001.
Browse more articles on Tax and Spending Issues | <urn:uuid:e7738c57-96fb-4ae4-af4e-fcfec7279010> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ncpa.org/sub/dpd/index.php?Article_ID=8026 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720615.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00236-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932149 | 314 | 2.796875 | 3 |
1. The state or quality of being resolute; firm determination.
2. A resolving to do something.
3. A course of action determined or decided on.
At the Kodokan in Tokyo, and in many other dojos around the world, the New Year is marked by a Kagami Biraki ceremony. Literally this means cutting the kagami-mochi, the rice cakes traditionally eaten during the ceremony. The kagami is a mirror. You can see the eight sided mirror represented in the Kodokan badge.
This is the time of year that many judoka make resolutions to follow in the coming year. It could be that they are part of a process of goal setting, and review, which their coach has helped them develop.
But what about the coach?
Does the coach set themselves goals? Are you going to make any resolutions as a coach?
Probably best start by a little self-analysis. What are your strengths and weaknesses? Which areas could you seek to better yourself in the coming year?
Knowles, Borrie and Telfer recognise that “Recently, reflective practice has emerged as a key skill with which to enhance coach learning and increase the value of coaches' educational experiences.”
The symbol of the Kodokan reminds judoka to reflect on themselves, and at each new year to cut through the mirror and look at ourselves afresh.
The European Judo Union, through their Judo Knowledge Commission, also recognise the importance of reflective practice among coaches. The suite of coach awards at levels 3, 4, 5 & 6 all encourage reflective practice to help the coaches to develop.
Many of the coaches that have followed the EJU Coach Awards were rewarded in 2012 by seeing some of their athletes compete in the London Olympic and Paralympic Games. If you would like to improve your coaching to give your athletes the best chance, then be resolute.
To find out more about judo coach education opportunities visit www.judospace.com
Good luck and gambatte, to all judo coaches and their athletes in 2013.
Knowles, Z., Borrie, A., & Telfer, H. 2005. Towards the reflective sports coach: issues of context, education and application. Ergonomics, Volume 48, Issue 11-14, 2005. Special Issue: Sports, Leisure and Ergonomics (SLE) Conference, 19-21 November 2003. pages 1711-1720. | <urn:uuid:06d31f41-4d2a-4824-8d2a-620aedaeecc3> | CC-MAIN-2017-30 | http://judospace.blogspot.co.uk/2012/12/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-30/segments/1500549425751.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20170726022311-20170726042311-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.960591 | 510 | 2.65625 | 3 |
At West Suburban Medical Center
Yes. Family history, lifestyle choices, pregnancy and heavy lifting may contribute to an increased risk of developing a hernia.
If the weakening of muscle or tissue is not repaired, the intestine can become “stuck” within the defect leading to a life-threatening situation.
In most cases, the surgery does not require an over-night stay and patients can return to work within days.
Femoral hernia also known as Femorocele occurs when a portion of tissue pushes through the wall of the femoral canal (the medial and smallest of the three compartments of the femoral sheath, which is located just below the inguinal ligament in the groin). A femoral hernia appears as a bulge near the groin or thigh.
Women are more likely than men to suffer from a femoral hernia. Most femoral hernias do not cause symptoms. However, they can occasionally lead to severe problems if the hernia obstructs and blocks blood flow to the intestines. This is called a strangulated hernia, which is a medical emergency and requires prompt surgery.
A hiatal hernia may occur when a small portion of the stomach pushes upward through the diaphragm (a muscle separating the lungs from the abdomen). Normally the entire stomach is located below the diaphragm. The esophagus passes through the hiatus (an opening in the diaphragm) before it enters the stomach. Weakened tissues of the hiatus and around the hiatus allow a hiatal hernia to develop.
Hiatal hernia usually doesn’t cause any symptoms, but it increases the risk of stomach acid backing up into the esophagus (reflux), which can lead to heartburn.
A hiatal hernia that is not causing symptoms does not usually need any treatment. Heartburn-causing hiatal hernias are usually treated in the same as for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The treatment may include lifestyle changes, non-prescription antacids, acid reducers, or acid blockers, prescription medicines, or, in severe cases, surgery.
A ventral hernia appears as a bulge of tissue through an opening in the abdominal wall muscles. It may occur at any location on the abdominal wall. A strangulated ventral hernia refers to intestinal tissue getting caught within a ventral hernia. This condition is a medical emergency.
According to research, surgery is the only way to effectively repair a hernia and provide lasting relief of hernia-related symptoms. Hernias will not heal without surgery. Hernia repair surgery is a routine medical procedure, which is considered routine. Consider these facts:
At West Suburban Medical Center, we offer the following approaches to hernia repair surgery:
The surgeon makes a small incision in the skin near the hernia bulge to allow the surgeon a direct view of the hernia. After the hernia is repaired, the incision is closed with sutures.
Minimally Invasive or Laparoscopic Surgery
During this type of surgery, the surgeon makes two to four small incisions in the abdomen and inserts surgical instruments and a camera into them. Next, the abdomen is inflated to allow the surgeon has sufficient space to work inside the patient’s body. The surgeon views the surgical site on a television screen connected to the camera inside the body and uses specialized instruments to repair the hernia. Once the repair is complete, the gas used to inflate the patient’s abdomen is released and the abdomen returns to normal.
Complex Hernia Repair Surgery
This may involve removing a large abdominal panniculus (a dense layer of fatty tissue growth) or tummy tuck, in addition to repairing the abdominal muscles so that they function properly.
Tension-Free Hernia Repair
At West Suburban Medical Center, we offer patients a “tension-free” hernia repair by using special material called mesh. The mesh allows the surgeon to “patch” the gap in the tissue with few sutures instead of connecting tissue together with multiple sutures. The patch may consist of polypropylene or biologic tissue. | <urn:uuid:30f20433-84b8-4047-91cf-a80a93e18af1> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.westsuburbanmc.com/our-services/surgical-services/hernia-surgery/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540481281.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20191205164243-20191205192243-00228.warc.gz | en | 0.934375 | 880 | 3.125 | 3 |
Click HERE for Unit 7: Poetry Workshop HyperDoc
Learning Targets: Track your reading progress for third quarter. List books from easiest to most challenging. Set specific goals for next quarter.
- Absent Yesterday? Read the blog. Publish one poem
- Due Today #026 Weekly Pages 12: Google Classroom > #026 > MARK AS DONE
- Friday 3/23 Book Talks
Open Google Classroom and assignment #024 Golden 10: Weekly Work Chart.
Read the directions.
Spend 10 minutes on late work or “To do if I have time…”
2) # 029 Quarter 3 Reading Ladder Reflection
Open #029 Reading Ladder Reflection Quarter 3 in Google Classroom. Read the instructions.
Choose one goal from the Potential Goals for Readers. This goal must be in your reflection.
Read my example below as a mentor text.
Open #022 Poetry Workshop in Google Classroom.
Open the link to the Poetry Workshop HyperDoc.
Scroll to Publish and read the directions. Watch the video tutorials (on the #VisiblePoem Slide Deck) to get started.
3) Debrief & Exit Routine
Open the #03assignment in Google Classroom. Answer the questions below:
Socrative / ENG7RM402
MONITORING: How many books did you finish this quarter? How many books have you finished this year?
Homework: Read, Charge Your iPad, Read, Charge iPad, #029 Reading Ladder Qtr. 3, #022 Publish Free Verse Poem | <urn:uuid:0a187dbf-563b-48d8-863e-43bcb685a96a> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://mcmillanenglish7.blog/2018/03/22/thursday-march-21-reading-ladder-reflection-for-quarter-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668682.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20191115144109-20191115172109-00130.warc.gz | en | 0.842 | 329 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Easton's Bible Dictionary
One of the three main elements of Christian character (1 Corinthians 13:13). It is joined to faith and love, and is opposed to seeing or possessing (Romans 8:24; 1 John 3:2). "Hope is an essential and fundamental element of Christian life, so essential indeed, that, like faith and love, it can itself designate the essence of Christianity (1 Peter 3:15; Hebrews 10:23). In it the whole glory of the Christian vocation is centred (Ephesians 1:18; 4:4)." Unbelievers are without this hope (Ephesians 2:12; 1 Thessalonians 4:13). Christ is the actual object of the believer's hope, because it is in his second coming that the hope of glory will be fulfilled (1 Timothy 1:1; Colossians 1:27; Titus 2:13). It is spoken of as "lively", i.e., a living, hope, a hope not frail and perishable, but having a perennial life (1 Peter 1:3). In Romans 5:2 the "hope" spoken of is probably objective, i.e., "the hope set before us," namely, eternal life (Comp. 12:12). In 1 John 3:3 the expression "hope in him" ought rather to be, as in the Revised Version, "hope on him," i.e., a hope based on God.
Noah Webster's New International Dictionary of the English Language
1. (n.) A sloping plain between mountain ridges.
2. (n.) A small bay; an inlet; a haven.
3. (n.) A desire of some good, accompanied with an expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is obtainable; an expectation of something which is thought to be desirable; confidence; pleasing expectancy.
4. (n.) One who, or that which, gives hope, furnishes ground of expectation, or promises desired good.
5. (n.) That which is hoped for; an object of hope.
6. (v. i.) To entertain or indulge hope; to cherish a desire of good, or of something welcome, with expectation of obtaining it or belief that it is obtainable; to expect; -- usually followed by for.
7. (v. i.) To place confidence; to trust with confident expectation of good; -- usually followed by in.
8. (v. t.) To desire with expectation or with belief in the possibility or prospect of obtaining; to look forward to as a thing desirable, with the expectation of obtaining it; to cherish hopes of.
9. (v. t.) To expect; to fear. | <urn:uuid:8474bcb4-f6be-4f64-8af0-9cef2848506e> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://bibledictionaries.com/hope.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696382396/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092622-00000-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904501 | 570 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The U.S. military’s successful but controversial use of unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, is well known, but other variations of pilotless aircraft are finding new uses, as the vast amounts of footage of central Europe’s flooding show.
Geodis of the Czech Republic and Skyeye Production in Slovakia are small companies that have used pilotless aerial technology to document the extent of regional flooding from a bird’s-eye-view for mass-market media.
The technology is also being used in Budapest, Hungary and elsewhere.
The drones being used in central Europe are closer to a children’s remote controlled helicopter than to the high-tech U.S. pilotless planes that fly over Pakistan to monitor suspected terrorist groups or to attack targets. Read More » | <urn:uuid:50a95060-075a-4635-9179-11b8a9ad9e5f> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/tag/octocopter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375096293.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031816-00269-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931488 | 162 | 2.578125 | 3 |
This book debates the universe, the development of new technologies in the 21st century and the future of the human race. Dr Bolonkin shows that a human soul is only the information in a person’s head. He offers a new unique method for re-writing the main brain information in chips without any damage to the human brain.
This is the scientific prediction of the non-biological (electronic) civilization and immortality of the human being. Such a prognosis is predicated upon a new law, discovered by the author, for the development of complex systems. According to this law, every self-copying system tends to be more complex than the previous system, provided that all external conditions remain the same. The consequences are disastrous: humanity will be replaced by a new civilization created by intellectual robots (which Dr Bolonkin refers to as "E-humans" and "E-beings"). These creatures, whose intellectual and mechanical abilities will far exceed those of man, will require neither food nor oxygen to sustain their existence. They may have the emotion. Capable of developing science, technology and their own intellectual abilities thousands of times faster than humans can, they will, in essence, be eternal.
- Demonstrates that the problem of immortality can only be solved by changing the biological human into an artificial form
- Discusses progress in robotics and other techologies
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Read an Excerpt
Universe, Human Immortality and Future Human Evaluation
By Alexander Bolonkin
ELSEVIERCopyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
All right reserved.
Chapter OneMacro World
The universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists, including all physical matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies, and the contents of intergalactic space. The term universe may be used in slightly different contextual senses, denoting such concepts as the cosmos, the world, or nature.
Observations of earlier stages in the development of the universe, which can be seen at great distances, suggest that the universe has been governed by the same physical laws. The solar system is embedded in a galaxy composed of billions of stars, the Milky Way, and other galaxies exist outside it, as far as astronomical instruments can reach. Careful studies of the distribution of these galaxies and their spectral lines have led the modern cosmology. Discovery of the red shift and cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation revealed that the universe is expanding and apparently had a beginning. This high-resolution image of the Hubble ultradeep field shows a diverse range of galaxies, each consisting of billions of stars.
According to the prevailing scientific model of the universe, known as the Big Bang, the universe expanded from an extremely hot, dense phase called the Planck epoch, in which all the matter and energy of the observable universe was concentrated. Since the Planck epoch, the universe has been expanding to its present form, possibly with a brief period (10-32s, 15 billions of years) of cosmic inflation. Several independent experimental measurements support this theoretical expansion and, more generally, the Big Bang theory. Recent observations indicate that this expansion is accelerating because of dark energy, and that most of the matter in the universe may be in a form that cannot be detected by present instruments, and so is not accounted for in the present models of the universe; this has been termed dark matter. The imprecision of current observations has hindered predictions of the ultimate fate of the universe.
Current interpretations of astronomical observations indicate that the age of the universe is 13.75 ± 0.17 billion years, and that the diameter of the observable universe is at least 93 billion light-years, or 8.80 × 1026 m. According to general relativity, space can expand faster than the speed of light, although we can view only a small portion of the universe due to the limitation imposed by light speed. Because we cannot observe space beyond the limitations of light (or any electromagnetic radiation), it is uncertain whether the size of the universe is finite or infinite.
More customarily, the universe is defined as everything that exists, has existed, and will exist. According to this definition and our present understanding, the universe consists of three elements: space and time, collectively known as space-time or the vacuum; matter and various forms of energy and momentum occupying space-time; and the physical laws that govern the first two. A related definition of the term universe is everything that exists at a single moment of cosmological time, such as the present, as in the sentence "The universe is now bathed uniformly in microwave radiation."
The universe is very large and possibly infinite in volume. The region visible from Earth (the observable universe) is about 92 billion light-years across, based on where the expansion of space has taken the most distant objects observed. For comparison, the diameter of a typical galaxy is only 30,000 light-years, and the typical distance between two neighboring galaxies is only 3 million light-years. As an example, our Milky Way Galaxy is roughly 100,000 light-years in diameter, and our nearest sister galaxy, the Andromeda Galaxy, is located roughly 2.5 million light-years away. There are probably more than 100 billion (1011) galaxies in the observable universe. Typical galaxies range from dwarfs with as few as 10 million (107) stars up to giants with 1 trillion (1012) stars, all orbiting the galaxy's center of mass. Thus, a very rough estimate from these numbers would suggest there are around 1 sextillion (1021) stars in the observable universe; though a 2003 study by Australian National University astronomers resulted in a figure of 70 sextillion (7 × 1022) (Figures 1.1 and 1.2).
The universe is believed to be mostly composed of dark energy and dark matter, both of which are poorly understood at present. Less than 5% of the universe is ordinary matter, a relatively small contribution (Figure 1.3).
The observable matter is spread uniformly (homogeneously) throughout the universe, when averaged over distances longer than 300 million light-years. However, on smaller length scales, matter is observed to form "clumps," that is, to cluster hierarchically; many atoms are condensed into stars, most stars into galaxies, most galaxies into clusters, superclusters, and finally, the largest-scale structures such as the Great Wall of galaxies. The observable matter of the universe is also spread isotropically, meaning that no direction of observation seems different from any other; each region of the sky has roughly the same content. The universe is also bathed in a highly isotropic microwave radiation that corresponds to a thermal equilibrium blackbody spectrum of roughly 2.725K (kelvin). The hypothesis that the large-scale universe is homogeneous and isotropic is known as the cosmological principle, which is supported by astronomical observations.
The present overall density of the universe is very low, roughly 9.9 × 10-30 g/cm3. This mass-energy appears to consist of 73% dark energy, 23% cold dark matter, and 4% ordinary matter. Thus the density of atoms is on the order of a single hydrogen atom for every 4m3 of volume. The properties of dark energy and dark matter are largely unknown. Dark matter gravitates as ordinary matter and thus works to slow the expansion of the universe; by contrast, dark energy accelerates its expansion (Figure 1.3).
The most precise estimate of the universe's age is about 13.73 ± 0.12 billion years old, based on observations of the CMB radiation. This expansion accounts for how Earth-bound scientists can observe the light from a galaxy 30 billion light-years away, even if that light has traveled for only 13 billion years; the very space between them has expanded. This expansion is consistent with the observation that the light from distant galaxies has been red-shifted; the photons emitted have been stretched to longer wavelengths and lower frequency during their journey. The rate of this spatial expansion is accelerating, based on studies of Type Ia supernovae and corroborated by other data.
As such, the conditional probability of observing a universe that is fine-tuned to support intelligent life is 1. This observation is known as the anthropic principle and is particularly relevant if the creation of the universe was probabilistic or if multiple universes with a variety of properties exist (Figure 1.4).
Of the four fundamental interactions, gravitation is dominant at cosmological length scales; that is, the other three forces are believed to play a negligible role in determining structures at the level of planets, stars, galaxies, and larger-scale structures. Given gravitation's predominance in shaping cosmological structures, accurate predictions of the universe's past and future require an accurate theory of gravitation. The best theory available is Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
That leads to a single form for the metric tensor, called the Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric. This metric has only two undetermined parameters: an overall length scale R that can vary with time, and a curvature index k that can be only 0, 1, or 1, corresponding to flat Euclidean geometry, or spaces of positive or negative curvature. In cosmology, solving for the history of the universe is done by calculating R as a function of time, given k and the value of the cosmological constant Λ, which is a (small) parameter in Einstein's field equations. The equation describing how R varies with time is known as the Friedmann equation, after its inventor, Alexander Friedmann (Figure 1.5).
The solutions for R(t) depend on k and Λ, but some qualitative features of such solutions are general. First and most importantly, the length scale R of the universe can remain constant only if the universe is perfectly isotropic with positive curvature (k = 1) and has one precise value of density everywhere, as first noted by Albert Einstein. However, this equilibrium is unstable and because the universe is known to be inhomogeneous on smaller scales, R must change, according to general relativity. Einstein's field equations include a cosmological constant (Λ) that corresponds to an energy density of empty space.
Russian physicist Zel'dovich suggested that Λ is a measure of the zero-point energy associated with virtual particles of quantum field theory, a pervasive vacuum energy that exists everywhere, even in empty space. Evidence for such zero-point energy is observed in the Casimir effect.
The ultimate fate of the universe is still unknown, because it depends critically on the curvature index k and the cosmological constant Λ. If the universe is sufficiently dense, k equals +1, meaning that its average curvature throughout is positive and the universe will eventually re-collapse in a Big Crunch, possibly starting a new universe in a Big Bounce. Conversely, if the universe is insufficiently dense, k equals 0 or -1 and the universe will expand forever, cooling off, and eventually becoming inhospitable for all life, as the stars die and all matter coalesces into black holes (the Big Freeze and the heat death of the universe). As noted above, recent data suggest that the expansion speed of the universe is not decreasing as originally expected, but increasing; if this continues indefinitely, the universe will eventually rip itself to shreds (the Big Rip). Experimentally, the universe has an overall density that is very close to the critical value between re-collapse and eternal expansion; more careful astronomical observations are needed to resolve the question (Figure 1.6).
1.2.1 Conventional Stars
A star is a massive, luminous ball of plasma held together by gravity. At the end of its lifetime, a star can also contain a proportion of degenerate matter. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the energy on Earth.
For at least a portion of its life, a star shines due to thermonuclear fusion of hydrogen in its core, releasing energy that traverses the star's interior and then radiates into outer space. Almost all naturally occurring elements heavier than helium were created by stars, either via stellar nucleosynthesis during their lifetimes or via supernova nucleosynthesis when stars explode. Astronomers can determine the mass, age, chemical composition, and many other properties of a star by observing its spectrum, luminosity, and motion through space. The total mass of a star is the principal determinant in its evolution and eventual fate. Other characteristics of a star are determined by its evolutionary history, including diameter, rotation, movement, and temperature. A plot of the temperature of many stars against their luminosities, known as a Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (H–R diagram), allows the age and evolutionary state of a star to be determined.
Excerpted from Universe, Human Immortality and Future Human Evaluation by Alexander Bolonkin Copyright © 2012 by Elsevier Inc.. Excerpted by permission of ELSEVIER. All rights reserved. No part of this excerpt may be reproduced or reprinted without permission in writing from the publisher.
Excerpts are provided by Dial-A-Book Inc. solely for the personal use of visitors to this web site.
Table of Contents
Part 1. Universe. Who are we? Where are we?
1. Macro World 2. Micro World 3. Surprising properties of our World.
4. What is God?
5. What is human soul?
6. What is "I"? What are "We"?
7. People emotions, Happiness, Pleasure.
Part 2. Human immortality and future human evaluation.
8. The Advent of the Non-Biological Civilization. 9. The Beginning of Human Immortality. 10. What are Science, Soul, Paradise, and Artificial Intelligence? 11. Real Breakthrough to Immortality. 12. The natural Purpose of Mankind is to become God 13. Settle God into Computer-Internet Net 14. Interview of professor A. Bolonkin "Immortality become a reality" 15. Person. Three laws of Person. 16. Summary
- An Open Statement to the President of the United States of America and to the Presidents and Prime Ministers of all countries about a scientific and technology jump in 21st Century.
- Current Artificial Intelligence
- Current Supercomputers. | <urn:uuid:66306803-9051-4707-b6cb-02efb917e87d> | CC-MAIN-2018-47 | https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/universe-human-immortality-and-future-human-evaluation-alexander-bolonkin/1104715658 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-47/segments/1542039742978.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20181116045735-20181116071735-00146.warc.gz | en | 0.931906 | 2,975 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Plants affect air quality in the living space. They clean the air of toxins and mold, creating a perfect environment. If you have a need for raising the level of oxygen in your apartment or home, be sure to have at home an Aloe Vera.
Purifies the body and spirit: The plant you have to have in the house!
In addition to what applies to a real bomb oxygen, Aloe Vera absorbs carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and formaldehyde. One Aloe has the effect as nine biological air purifiers in cans!
In addition to aloe, you can choose ficus too. This plant is very easy to maintain because it does not require a lot of light, and effectively cleans the air of formaldehyde. But be on guard because the leaves are poisonous, so it is not recommended to grow in homes where there are children and pets.
Ivy is a plant that everyone should have. It may seem unbelievable, because of the reputation of the poisonous, but it removes as much as 60% of toxins from contributing to air and 58% of particles of feces within just six hours.
Green lily (spider plant) has the ability to carry out the synthesis under conditions of minimum illumination. Excellent absorbs toxins from the air – formaldehyde, styrene, carbon monoxide and gasoline. One plant effectively cleans the air in a 200 square meter area.
Estragon (grass snake) is almost indestructible and great for the house. It is very resistant, it needs a little bit of light for photosynthesis. It removes toxins, it is good for the bedroom, because at night produces oxygen.
I lilies excellent removing chemical toxins from the air. Filtered formaldehyde from the air, and trichlorethylene.
NASA claims that every household should have between 15 and 18 listed plants on an area of 500 square meters. In their deployment should not skip bedroom. | <urn:uuid:d1dc6bc2-ab0c-40fc-b121-ebab3c88cd25> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.wellmindness.com/oxygen-bomb-insert-plant-take-toxins-home/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463608669.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170526163521-20170526183521-00255.warc.gz | en | 0.94523 | 393 | 2.65625 | 3 |
A polyline is build up out of straight and curved segments. They are essentially lines and arcs and that is what you get when you explode a polyline. We don't have to explode the polyline though to get loose arcs and lines. We can use the 'Extract Polyline Segment' command and click on any segment of the polyline we need. As soon as we do a new arc or line is created on the layer that is current while the polyline is still in tact.
- Applies to:
- Creates arcs and lines by selecting polyline segments
- polyline, arc, line, segment, bulge, radius, vertex, vertices,
- Watch on YouTube | <urn:uuid:98692fae-88c1-4479-bb36-2f9012e00c2e> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://www.urbanlisp.com/command/109/extract-polyline-segment/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038062492.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20210411115126-20210411145126-00557.warc.gz | en | 0.893579 | 145 | 2.625 | 3 |
Is there a device that reflects the modern human condition better than headphones? Today, headphones and earbuds enable you to isolate yourself from people around you while at the same time permitting you to connect to the whole world of sounds. They let you watch Netflix or listen to music or keep up with the news from everywhere. They’re great. But headphones may also be a health hazard.
At least, as far as your hearing health is concerned. And the World Health Organization agrees. That’s especially troubling because headphones are everywhere.
Some Dangers With Earbuds or Headphones
Frances enjoys listening to Lizzo all the time. Because Frances loves Lizzo so much, she also turns the volume way up (most people love to jam out to their favorite music at full power). She’s a considerate person, though, so Frances uses high-quality headphones to enjoy her tunes.
This type of headphone usage is relatively common. Sure, there are lots of other reasons and places you might use them, but the basic purpose is the same.
We use headphones because we want a private listening experience (so we can listen to anything we want) and also so we don’t bother the people near us (usually). But this is where it can become dangerous: our ears are subjected to an intense and prolonged amount of noise. After a while, that noise can cause injury, which will lead to hearing loss. And hearing loss has been linked to a wide variety of other health-related conditions.
Protect Your Hearing
Healthcare experts consider hearing health to be a key component of your overall health. Headphones are easy to get a hold of and that’s one reason why they create a health risk.
The question is, then, what can you do about it? Researchers have put forward several solid measures we can all use to help make headphones a bit safer:
- Take breaks: When you’re jamming out to music you really like, it’s tough not to crank it up. Most people can relate to that. But your ears need a bit of time to recover. So consider giving yourself a five-minute break from your headphones now and then. The idea is to give your ears some time with lower volumes every day. Decreasing your headphone time and watching volume levels will definitely lessen damage.
- Restrict age: Headphones are being used by younger and younger people nowadays. And it’s likely a smart decision to reduce the amount of time younger people are spending with headphones. Hearing loss won’t set in as soon if you can stop some damage when you’re younger.
- Pay attention to volume warnings: It’s likely that you listen to your tunes on your mobile device, and most mobile devices have built-in warnings when you begin pumping up the volume a little too much. It’s very important for your ear health to comply with these warnings as much as possible.
- Don’t turn them up so loud: The World Health Organization suggests that your headphones not go over a volume of 85dB (60dB is the common level of a conversation for context). Most mobile devices, regrettably, don’t have a dB volume meter standard. Determine the max volume of your headphones or keep the volume at no more than half.
You may want to think about decreasing your headphone use entirely if you are at all concerned about your health.
It’s Only My Hearing, Right?
When you’re young, it’s easy to consider damage to your ears as trivial (which you should not do, you only get one pair of ears). But your hearing can have a substantial impact on a number of other health factors, including your overall mental health. Issues like have been connected to hearing impairment.
So your general well-being is forever linked to the health of your ears. Whether you’re listening to a podcast or your favorite music, your headphone may become a health hazard. So turn down the volume a little and do yourself a favor. | <urn:uuid:295493e3-a743-4aaa-ad45-2b7a72153d1a> | CC-MAIN-2021-04 | https://www.hearingbalanceclinic.com/hearing-loss-articles/are-headphones-and-earbuds-dangerous-for-your-health/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-04/segments/1610703522133.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210120213234-20210121003234-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.945591 | 840 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Recently, I read about a study that found prolonged internet use results in short term memory impairment. Ironically, I found out about this discovery online. In spite of this, I managed to retain it anyway for two key reasons. In the first place, most of us would like to deny that age might play a role in our diminishing capacities and this study gives an appealing excuse for such lapses. In the second place, the finding makes complete sense. When you can readily look up any kind of information and get instant and accurate feedback, it stands to reason that the brain might come late and leave early. Before our minds turn to complete mush, it might help to come up with some antidotes while we still possess the capability. One great way to stay supple is to read. While this is worthwhile in its own right, Savvy Shopping requires that we find ways to pursue this endeavor at the lowest possible cost. In this article, I will cover different ways to cost effectively gain access to a wide variety of reading material. In addition to the tried and true resource of used bookstores, here are some other available options:
Barnes & Noble Kids Club
Get a free digital book for your child (and a free cupcake or cookie at their café) when you join. Children at heart get nothing. Go to: https://kids.barnesandnoble.com/kidsclub/
If you have an iPad, Nook, or Kindle, you can download thousands of free books at ProjectGutenberg (http://www.gutenberg.org/), WikiBooks (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page), Amazon.com, Barnes & Noble (bn.com), and Google (http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Main_Page). Although you aren’t going to get the most recent bestsellers, there are a myriad of high quality books available with just a few mouse clicks. For additional information, go to the following websites (http://www.techsupportalert.com/content/50-places-free-books-online.htm, http://www.friedbeef.com/best-places-to-get-free-books-the-ultimate-guide/).
You can check out ebooks at the Lubbock Library. Got more information, go to http://library.ci.lubbock.tx.us/specialNews.aspx.
There is a plethora of online resources for children’s books. A good website that details many of these is http://www.techsupportalert.com/free-books-children.
For Nook owners, Barnes & Noble offers free ebooks for download on Fridays. Since offer expirations vary from week to week, be sure and place a reminder on your calendar to take full advantage of this program.
If you like to possess your books and are a voracious reader, you might want to consider joining a book club. Done right, these programs can greatly reduce your cost of acquisition. Since everyone’s preferences can greatly vary on this topic, I am reluctant to make a specific recommendation. However, I can encourage you to visit the following website to get better acquainted with existing clubs and their benefits: http://www.book-clubs-resource.com/.
Obviously, the Lubbock and Texas Tech libraries are well stocked sources for free access to books. To enhance your access to reading material, I strongly recommend availing yourself of the website WorldCat.org and Interlibrary Loan (ILL). WorldCat enables a seeker to locate which libraries a particular book is at. Once you have located the book, you can use ILL at the library to obtain it. For more information, go to http://library.ci.lubbock.tx.us/ill/allill.aspx (ILL - City of Lubbock Library) or http://library.ttu.edu/services/docdel/index.php (ILL - Texas Tech University)
Library Book Sales
There a few places better for stocking up on economically priced books. Every time I have been, I have always been able to find fresh reading material. The only downside to these events is that I often miss them for a simple lack of awareness. Be sure and check the community calendar in the AJ and the following website for upcoming dates: http://library.ci.lubbock.tx.us/newsPage.aspx?ID=3387
If you have a kid in secondary school, you have probably had to buy books for literature class. If you have to buy a new book, academic discounts are available at Hastings.
One of the things I love about some of the above recommendations is that they use the internet (the entity that is killing our short term memory) to gain material to regenerate the mind. I think of it as an act of electronic jujitsu. Hopefully, you will be able to take advantage of some of the above resources and gain, renew, or increase a passion for reading as well. In addition to forestalling brain decay, you will also save money and gain knowledge. If you have other ideas for getting inexpensive reading material, please visit our Facebook site (Log on to Facebook and enter “Lubbock Savvy Shopper” in the search tool) or write us at [email protected] and let us know your thoughts, ideas, and tips. Our community is wide and deep and our citizens are involved. Why miss out?
SEAN FIELDS is one of The A-J’s Savvy Shoppers. Read his columns Wednesdays, and catch Rachel Hardy on Sunday. | <urn:uuid:2475dae7-8dd2-450c-af30-fc53efeefd53> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://lubbockonline.com/life-savvy-shopper/2012-01-24/savvy-shopper-want-stay-supple-and-save-money-read | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507447660.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005727-00073-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.931127 | 1,174 | 2.515625 | 3 |
12 Disabled Scientists Who Made the World a Better Place
You don’t have to follow science news to know the name Stephen Hawking, one of the most accomplished physicists of our time, who happens to suffer from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS. What you may not know is that Hawking isn’t the only brilliant mind who has refused to be defined by his physical limitations. Take a look at 12 other disabled scientists who made their mark.
1. JOHN FORBES NASH, JR.
An acclaimed mathematician, Nash focused his work on the idea of economic conflict: his “Nash equilibrium” theory put forth the notion that in certain situations, no one can back off from their chosen position without winding up with less than what they started with. Nash’s thinking was hugely inspirational to business and political strategizing, and he won a Nobel Prize in 1994 for his efforts based on a simple, one-page explanation of his theories. But Nash was also a diagnosed schizophrenic, an affliction that had at various points cost him both personally and professionally. Still, not even episodes of paranoid delusions requiring hospitalization kept him from his work, which he kept up until his death at age 86 in 2015 following a car accident.
2. THOMAS EDISON
One of our great fathers of electricity and the owner of over 1000 patents, Edison was a quantifiable genius. But a bout of scarlet fever as a youth had left him almost entirely deaf in both ears. Rather than dwell on his misfortune, Edison believed his mostly silent existence was a positive: he could become deeply absorbed in his work without distraction.
3. TEMPLE GRANDIN
Animal behaviorist and autism activist Grandin, who was diagnosed with autism as a child, received her master's in animal science from Arizona State University and her Ph.D from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. Grandin’s work on animal behavior has been cited as an inspiration for multiple changes to the livestock industry, including how animals are cared for at meat processing plants.
4. ALBERT EINSTEIN
If he’s not the most famous intellectual in American history, he’s certainly close. But Einstein’s achievements in the fields of mathematics and physics didn’t come without challenges. Suffering from a learning disability, it’s reputed that Einstein did not learn to talk until age four and was often confronted by teachers for his inability to grasp concepts as fast as other students. It’s possible he was experiencing symptoms of dyslexia.
5. RALPH BRAUN
At just seven years old, future inventor Braun was diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. Motivated to retain his independence, Braun helped pioneer a series of revolutionary mobility-assistance devices, including the world’s first battery-powered scooter and wheelchair lift. Thanks to Braun, millions of physically-impaired individuals have been able to chart their own path in life.
6. GEERAT VERMEIJ
Paleontology would be poorer if not for the contributions of Vermeij, a renowned expert on the history of life whose research has led to better understanding of how fossils once interacted with the world at large. Vermeij’s inspection of relics is by tactile feel: diagnosed with glaucoma as a child and blind since age 3, Vermeij has had to rely on other senses to continue his work. Because he cannot lean on his sight, colleagues have said that Vermeij has singular insight into evolution, absorbing detail of layers and shapes that might otherwise go unnoticed.
7. EDWIN KREBS
Nobel prize-winning biochemist Krebs made a sensational discovery in the 1950s about cellular activity in the human body that led to greater understanding about hormones, cell life spans, and even how the body can reject transplanted organs. Krebs pursued his work in spite of being hearing-impaired. (He was one of the last people to discover he would be getting the Nobel in 1992 because he couldn’t hear the phone ring.)
8. LEONARDO DA VINCI
It would take less time to list all of the subjects da Vinci didn’t excel in. A master of art, mathematics, astronomy, and dozens of other pursuits, da Vinci’s inventions went on to inspire hundreds of years’ worth of ingenuity. His sketches of various ideas hint that he was also dyslexic: much of his handwriting was composed in reverse.
9. GUSTAV KIRCHHOFF
Physicist Kirchhoff’s work in the 1800s is still relevant to our understanding of electricity today. The scientist made headway into the still-young field despite an unknown disability that restricted his movement to a wheelchair or crutches for most of his life. Later, Kirchhoff’s understanding of the sun’s spectrum contributed to new discoveries in astronomy.
10. RICHARD LEAKEY
A notable paleontologist, Leakey is famous for his discovery of near-complete bone sets and his conservationist efforts in his native Kenya. None of it would have been possible had Leakey decided to stop his pursuits after a plane crash led to the amputation of both his legs below the knee. After recovering, Leakey resumed efforts to rework Kenya’s constitution in order to better serve its people.
11. CHARLES STEINMETZ
German-born Steinmetz made pioneering contributions to electrical engineering, with theories about power loss helping govern how direct and alternating currents were developed. Steinmetz was also afflicted with kyphosis, a congenital curvature of the spine.
12. FARIDA BEDWEI
Software engineer Bedwei has been hailed as one of South Africa’s most important figures in financial technology, pioneering cloud platforms that have helped make small loan decisions available to consumers across the world immediately. Bedwei was diagnosed with cerebral palsy at the age of one and has made continued strides to educate both parents and sufferers that the condition doesn’t have to prevent anyone from achieving their goals. | <urn:uuid:d4c33e12-3c71-4e5e-96e0-9ae37a98e51c> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://mentalfloss.com/article/87068/12-disabled-scientists-who-made-world-better-place | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247494741.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20190220105613-20190220131613-00515.warc.gz | en | 0.976608 | 1,277 | 3.203125 | 3 |
Seat of Kenosha County, Wisconsin, the Port of Kenosha lies just north of the border with Illinois at the mouth of the Pike River. The Port of Kenosha is part of the Lake Michigan and Great Lakes - St. Lawrence Seaway waterway system. The Port of Kenosha is about 30 nautical miles (48 kilometers or 30 miles) south-southeast of the Port of Milwaukee and about 60 nautical miles (102 kilometers or 63 miles) north-northwest of the Port of Chicago. The 2010 US Census reported a population of 99.2 thousand in the city and almost 870 thousand in the Lake County-Kenosha County metropolitan area.
The early Port of Kenosha was an important shipping center. Today, it home to a diverse manufacturing community that produces tools, musical instruments, automobile engines, metal products, and apparel. Food processing is also important to the Port of Kenosha economy. The Port of Kenosha's Harmony Hall is home to the Society for the Preservation and Encouragement of Barber Shop Singing in America.
In the late 20th Century, prehistoric settlements from the pre-Clovis culture were discovered in the Port of Kenosha area, suggesting that humans have inhabited the area for as much as 80 thousand years. Modern indigenous people settle the area as long ago as 13.5 thousand years.
Before Europeans came to the Port of Kenosha area, it was inhabited by the Potawatomi people, part of the Council of Three Fires alliance that also included the Ottawa and Ojibwe tribes. The Potawatomi fought for both the British and United States during Tecumseh's War, the War of 1812, and the Peoria War, their allegiance shifting depending on the politics of the day.
In the late 1820s when the US was creating reservations, the removal of the Potawatomi began when treaties ceded most Potawatomi lands to the States of Wisconsin and Michigan. Over time, European settlement further encroached on their lands, and the reservations shrank.
The 1833 Treaty of Chicago started the forced removal of the Potawatomi west of the Mississippi River, although many either stayed in their homeland or fled to Canada. Several active bands of the Potawatomi Nation live in the United States and Canada today.
When white settlers arrived, there were thousands of fish in Wisconsin's rivers entering from Lake Michigan. The first settlers coming to the Port of Kenosha were part of the Western Emigration Company who purchased land for a town in the early 1830s. The settlers came to Pike Creek in 1835, building log and frame homes and calling their new town Pike. The Port of Kenosha soon became a busy Great Lakes shipping port, and it was renamed Southport (which is a neighborhood in the modern Port of Kenosha). The city adopted the name Kenosha, a form of the Chippewa word "Kinoje" for pike or pickerel, in 1850.
From the beginning of the 20th Century until the 1930s, skilled craftsmen from Italy, Ireland, Poland, and Germany immigrated to the Port of Kenosha. These immigrants made significant contributions to the Port of Kenosha's architecture, literature, music, and culture.
For much of the 20th Century, the Port of Kenosha produced millions of trucks and cars under brands like Hudson, Rambler, Nash, LaFayette, and American Motors Corporation (AMC). In 1900, engineering firm Sullivan-Becker built a prototype steam car. In 1902, the makers of the Sterling bicycle, Thomas B. Jeffery Company, started making the Rambler.
In 1902, the first mass-production techniques were used to make Ramblers and Oldsmobiles. That year, the steering wheel replaced the more common tiller-controls in the Rambler. In 1916, Nash Motors was born in the Port of Kenosha when they bought the Jeffery company. In 1954 when Nash bought Hudson (based in Detroit), American Motors Corporation was formed in the Port of Kenosha.
In the early 1980s, AMC partnered with France's Renault to produce several models that included the Alliance, Motor Trend's 1983 Car of the Year. Chrysler Corporation later contracted with AMC to produce its mid-sized M-body cars at their plant in the Port of Kenosha.
In 1990, the AMC Lakefront plant in the Port of Kenosha was demolished and then redeveloped as HarborPark, an upscale community with the Kenosha Electric Railway streetcar system that connected lakeside condos, a big marina, a water park, promenades, fountains, sculptures, and several attractions.
The Port of Kenosha has many locations on the National Register of Historic Places including three historic districts: Third Avenue, Library Park, and the Civic Center. In 1993, the city installed reproductions of historic street lights that were designed for the Port of Kenosha by Westinghouse Electric in 1928. The three-kilometer (two-mile) downtown electric streetcar system started operating in 2000.
Long a center for manufacturing, the modern Port of Kenosha is a bedroom community housing residents that work in Milwaukee and Chicago thanks to ample transportation options. The county reports that 49% of the Port of Kenosha workforce commutes outside the county to work.
In 2009, the Milken Institute ranked the Port of Kenosha among the top 50 national high-tech economies. Personal incomes were rising, in contrast to other southeastern Wisconsin communities. In 2010, home sales in the Port of Kenosha area exceeded those for the Nation.
Most of the residents of the Port of Kenosha are white collar workers. The biggest employer in the Port of Kenosha is the education system, and Abbot Laboratories is the biggest private-sector employer. Tourism is a growing sector of the Port of Kenosha economy, supporting over five thousand jobs, as residents of Milwaukee and Chicago visit for short vacations. | <urn:uuid:f3f0e63a-27af-46e1-921a-0e70a0e40000> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://www.worldportsource.com/ports/review/USA_WI_Port_of_Kenosha_3616.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583513508.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20181020225938-20181021011438-00263.warc.gz | en | 0.955368 | 1,247 | 3.203125 | 3 |
The Netherlands’ King Willem-Alexander has announced that Dutch royals will cease using a historic golden carriage amid a debate over slavery links.
Critics say that one side of the horse-drawn carriage, called De Gouden Koets, is decorated with an image that glorifies the country’s colonial past.
Out of use since 2015, the carriage has traditionally been used to carry Dutch monarchs to the opening of parliament.
The move comes amid an ongoing debate in the country over its history.
The controversial image featured on the vehicle is called Tribute from the Colonies, and depicts black and Asian people – one of whom is kneeling – offering goods including cocoa and sugarcane to a seated young white woman who symbolises the Netherlands.
Seated next to her is a man offering a book to a young boy, which the work’s painter, Nicolaas van der Waay, said in 1896 was intended to portray the Netherlands’ gift of “civilisation” to its colonies.
In an official video announcing the move, King Willem-Alexander accepted that the carriage was offensive to a large number of people and called on the country to face the legacy of its colonial history together.
“There is no point in condemning and disqualifying what has happened through the lens of our time,” he said.
“Simply banning historical objects and symbols is certainly not a solution either. Instead, a concerted effort is needed that goes deeper and takes longer. An effort that unites us instead of divides us.
“As long as there are people living in the Netherlands who feel the pain of discrimination on a daily basis, the past will still cast its shadow over our time,” he added.
The carriage has been out of use for several years and has resided at the Amsterdam Museum since a lengthy restoration project concluded last year.
Anti-racism campaigners in the Netherlands have welcomed the move, but have called on the king to take further action to face up to the legacy of colonialism.
“He says the past should not be looked at from the perspective and values of the present,” said Mitchell Esajas, co-founder of The Black Archives in Amsterdam.
“I think that’s a fallacy because also in the historical context slavery can be seen as a crime against humanity and a violent system.”
In recent years, many Dutch people have been urging the country to have a reckoning with its colonial past.
During the 17th Century the Netherlands conquered large swathes of territory in regions now known as Indonesia, South Africa, Curaçao and New Guinea, where it became a key player in the transatlantic slave trade.
Last year, the mayor of Amsterdam, Femke Halsema, formally apologised for the city’s role in the slave trade.
The move put her at odds with Prime Minister Mark Rutte, who has rejected calls for a formal state apology. | <urn:uuid:8e40b5c4-62d8-4b39-adb2-819537adddc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://www.newyorkglobe.co/2022/01/13/dutch-king-willem-alexander-retires-coach-amid-slavery-row/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446710808.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20221201085558-20221201115558-00179.warc.gz | en | 0.96264 | 611 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Domestic violence occurs when the abuser believes that abuse is acceptable, justified, or unlikely to be reported.
It may produce intergenerational cycles of abuse in children and other family members, who may feel that such violence is acceptable or condoned.
Please note that websites you visit may be viewed by someone else later.
Always clear your browsing history after searching the web.
Consider using a public or friend’s computer if you are concerned about someone viewing your browsing history.
Because relationships exist on a spectrum, it can be hard to tell when a behavior crosses the line from healthy to unhealthy or even abusive.
Drugs and Alcohol is a major problem in the world today.Domestic violence can take place in heterosexual and same-sex family relationships, and can involve violence against children in the family.Domestic violence can take a number of forms, including physical, verbal, emotional, economic, religious, and sexual abuse, which can range from subtle, coercive forms to marital rape and to violent physical abuse such as female genital mutilation and acid throwing that results in disfigurement or death.Domestic violence may seem unpredictable, simply an outburst related just to the moment and to the circumstances in the lives of the people involved.In fact, however, domestic violence follows a typical pattern no matter when it occurs or who is involved. | <urn:uuid:f94aef3d-0396-465e-9113-e28349705bdc> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://divogames.ru/dating-violence-abuser-canada-52.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891812913.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220070423-20180220090423-00382.warc.gz | en | 0.933125 | 272 | 3.5 | 4 |
The ancient Maya document known as the Grolier Codex received international attention when it went on display at New York City’s Grolier Club in 1971. Having surfaced in the late 1960s under the sketchiest of circumstances, it was dismissed as a fake almost from the beginning. For decades, the 10-page compilation of paintings and an astronomical calendar has been collecting dust in the basement of a Mexican museum. But in a new study, researchers from Yale and Brown Universities and the University of California, Riverside determined through extensive analysis that the Grolier Codex is in fact the real thing: a Maya text written in the early 12th century that represents the oldest document to survive from the Americas.
In 1966, as the story goes, the Mexican collector Josué Saenz flew to a remote airstrip in the Mexican state of Chiapas. There, a group of unknown men showed him what they said was a Maya codex, an ancient text in book form. The men claimed to have found the document in a dry cave near the foothills of the Sierra de Chiapas, along with several other Maya artifacts, including a wooden mask and a sacrificial knife (all of which later proved to be authentic). Though experts Saenz consulted told him the codex was likely fake, he bought it anyway.
Five years later, Saenz allowed the archaeologist Michael Coe to display the document at the Grolier Club in New York City as part of an exhibit called “Ancient Maya Calligraphy,” whereupon it immediately generated widespread interest among archaeologists and epigraphers, or scholars of ancient inscriptions. The “Grolier Codex,” as it became known, consisted of 10 sheets of amate paper, made from the bark of fig trees. Along with paintings of Maya rituals and deities, it contained a 104-year-long calendar that charted and predicted the movement of the planet Venus.
Its shady origin story, along with several other things, convinced many people that the Grolier Codex was inauthentic. For one thing, the ancient book had writing on only one side of each page, unlike several other Maya codex finds. In addition, some of the pages appeared to have been cut relatively recently, and there were discrepancies in the calendar that suggested a forger might have been trying to imitate a Maya calendar from another artifact.
Though Coe later performed radiocarbon-dating on the amate paper of the Grolier Codex and confirmed the document was from the first half of the 13th century, doubts lingered. Would-be forgers would have only had to obtain unmarked paper dating to the Maya period and paint convincing hieroglyphics and images on it to produce a convincing fake. After the exhibit, Saenz gave the Grolier Codex to the Mexican government, and it remains in a basement of the Mexican National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City to this day.
Recently, however, Coe and other noted Maya scholars joined forces in a new investigation of the existing evidence on the authenticity of the Grolier Codex. In addition to reviewing two previous radiocarbon-dating studies, they spent two years reviewing highly detailed full-size Ektachrome photographs of the front and back of all 10 pages, taken in 1988. Their in-depth analysis led the researchers to conclude that the Grolier Codex was genuine.
For one thing, Coe and his colleagues concluded, the codex depicts deities that had not yet been discovered in the 1960s, making it nearly impossible for a forger to include them. Also, they found that accurately duplicating the distinctive blue pigment used in the codex would require technology that had not yet been invented at the time the document was rediscovered. The researchers detailed these and other arguments in a 50-page article published in the latest issue of the journal Maya Archaeology, along with a facsimile of the Grolier Codex itself.
According to Dr. Stephen Houston of Brown University, a co-author of the new study, most of the early doubts about the codex’s authenticity can be attributed to the way in which the document was obtained. “By definition, an object without clear provenance or place of origin opens room for doubt,” Houston told Fox News. “But there are many other criteria too, and many of these doubts were themselves doubtful.” Though there had been a precedent for ancient Maya documents being faked by the early 1960s, Houston said faked codices in particular are relatively obvious; they contain garish splashes of color, for example, or are copies of earlier codices.
The drawings in the Grolier Codex are unusual for a Maya document, combining styles of several ancient Mesoamerican peoples including the Mixtec and Toltec, and this was used to support some of the accusations of forgery. But the new study concluded that the drawings wouldn’t have been out of line for a book created in the late Maya period. During that era, the Maya built Chichen Itza in Yucatán, an ancient city that mixed Toltec influences as with more classical Maya symbolism. According to Coe, all of the forgery accusations by so-called experts have “failed to realize that the Grolier Codex is a kind of hybrid, made by a priestly scribe living on the frontier between the Maya and other non-Maya peoples in Mexico, [which] shows that when it was painted, it combined Maya and non-Maya ways of writing numbers, etc.”
The authors of the new study believe the idea that the Grolier Codex was a fake became a kind of “dogma,” based almost solely on its shady provenance. In fact, they argue, the document should be removed from its basement purgatory so it can receive the notice it deserves, as a record of astronomy, calendar-keeping and art from the late Maya civilization and the oldest known book created in the Americas. | <urn:uuid:91b16be0-daf4-4507-888d-9fe635d37a2f> | CC-MAIN-2018-13 | https://www.history.com/news/new-study-confirms-ancient-maya-codex-is-genuine | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-13/segments/1521257644877.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20180317100705-20180317120705-00602.warc.gz | en | 0.970384 | 1,218 | 3.515625 | 4 |
Patterns of Change, Linguistic Innovations in the Development of Classical Mathematicsby
About the book
This book offers a reconstruction of linguistic innovations in the history of mathematics; innovations which changed the ways in which mathematics was done, understood and philosophically interpreted. It argues that there are at least three ways in which the language of mathematics has been changed throughout its history, thus determining the lines of development that mathematics has followed.
The book also offers tools of analysis by means of which scholars and students of the history and philosophy of mathematics can attain better understanding of the various changes, which the subject of their study underwent in the course of history. The book brings also important insights for mathematics education connecting growth of language with the development of mathematical thought.
261 pages · 261
About the author
Ladislav Kvasz graduated in 1986 in mathematics at the Comenius University in Bratislava. In 1995 he received a PhD in philosophy with the thesis Classification of Scientific Revolutions.
Since 1986 he has been employed at the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Comenius University. In 1993 he won the Herder Scholarship and spent one year at the University of Vienna studying the philosophy of Wittgenstein. In 1995 he won the Masaryk Scholarship of the University of London and spent one year at King’s College London working on the philosophy of Imre Lakatos. In 1997 he won the Fulbright Scholarship and spent one semester at the University of California at Berkeley, working on philosophy of geometry. In 2000 he won the Humboldt Scholarship and spent two years at the Technical University in Berlin working on the scientific revolution. In 2007 he moved to Prague, where he became in 2010 a professor of mathematics education.
He was the co-editor of Appraising Lakatos (Kluwer 2002) and author of Patterns of Change (Birkhauser 2008).
The First Fernando Gil Prize for Philosophy of Science
The jury has decided to award the first Fernando Gil prize for philosophy of science to Ladislav Kvasz , who is professor at the Charles University in the Czech Republic for his book: Patterns of Change, Linguistic Innovations in the Development of Classical Mathematics, published in 2008.
Professor Kvasz graduated in 1986 in mathematics at the Comenius University In Bratislav, which was then part of the communist world. He first thought of following a career in applied mathematics, and went to Moscow where he worked on some complicated problems in astrophysics. However, after the fall of communism, his interest shifted to the philosophy of mathematics. From 1993 to 2002, he won a series of prestigious scholarships to pursue his research in this area in the main centres of the Western world: Vienna, London, Berkeley in Calfornia, and Berlin. During these years, he developed the ideas which appear in his book.
The main criteria which led the jury to decide in favour of Professor Kvasz’s book for the prize was the originality of his work and the scholarly way in which he supported his position. His book concerns the way in which mathematics develops, and it formulates three important patterns of change which are named: recoding, relativization, and reformulation. The first two of these are entirely novel, and show the great originality of Professor Kvasz’s work. However, Professor Kvasz is not content merely to state that these patterns occur. He demonstrates his thesis by numerous examples from the history of mathematics of which he has a profound and scholarly knowledge.
When new concepts are introduced into mathematics, this nearly always involves the introduction of a new symbolic language, and Professor Kvasz’s book discusses how these new languages are developed. When discussing his pattern of relativization, he makes use of some of the ideas of Wittgenstein, but gives these a dynamic development. Wittgenstein in his early thinking on language claimed that there is a form of the language which cannot be expressed in the language itself. Professor Kvasz’s idea is that one can, however, create a new language by adding the form of the old language to the language. He shows that it was in this way that major conceptual advances such as the introduction of non-Euclidean geometry took place. This dynamic and historical account of the way in which language develops gives Professor Kvasz’s work an interest which goes beyond mathematics into general questions of language and thought.
Altogether Professor Kvasz’s book is an exciting and stimulating one, which should help to make the Fernando Gil prize a significant factor in future developments of philosophy of science. | <urn:uuid:b48542bd-c68f-43cd-a428-a204c6c0b7fa> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://fernando-gil.org.pt/en/nominees/2010/winner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375097546.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031817-00181-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960765 | 945 | 2.8125 | 3 |
Installed on the interior and exterior of the Frontal Lobe gallery space, Kristin Bauer’s text piece That Which puts into question the trivial differences we use to separate ideologies from one another.
Having grown up surrounded by the influence of Christian religion and the repetition of Biblical phrases, Bauer focuses on the statement “That which separates us”. Although initially this statement is intended to generally imply the separations between god and humanity, she utilizes this statement instead as one that divides ideologies and the people who believe in them.
By viewing the piece indoors or outdoors, the artist utilizes the most transparent and also most vulnerable part of the building to confront the viewer with their perception of safety and division. A simple break of the glass would shatter the interior from the exterior. While we might imagine that a sheet of glass provides a barrier and safety from the unpredictable events that take place “out there”, the text itself suggests that we complete the sentence with what we feel is dividing us or, conversely, bringing us closer. By extricating the words from their origin, Bauer attempts to strip them of their religious reference and instead asks us to look plainly and cleanly at the significance of the half sentence. Unlike artist Jenny Holzer, who utilizes text to reveal the more sinister intent or implications of its content, Bauer instead re-situates her selected statements to convert it into something that takes on new meaning given the space it is in. The words respond to the architecture of the space, the fear and apprehension of the viewers, and the different perspectives a person might bring to the statement. The work becomes confrontational and welcoming at the same time—existing right on the edge of welcoming or rejecting the Other.
Previous text intervention work by Kristin Bauer: | <urn:uuid:8f56cfec-bc1a-4651-a4ed-11888e490817> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | https://comfortzonesart.wordpress.com/2013/03/18/kristin-bauer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891813109.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20180220224819-20180221004819-00259.warc.gz | en | 0.929247 | 358 | 2.6875 | 3 |
At the end of May, Russia’s Federal Security Service (FSB) said it had recovered Franz Rubeau’s painting “The Capture of Shamil”, which had been stolen in 1995 from the Museum of Art in Grozny, the Chechen capital.
The FSB claims that the painting had been held in a Chechen mountain village. Boris Talitsky, head of the FSB press office, said that Chechen rebel leaders had hoped to sell the painting to finance their insurrection against the Russian federal government. The FSB estimates the work’s value at over $1 million.
Deni Teps, leader of the World Chechen Congress in St Petersburg, denies these charges and, instead, accuses Russian soldiers of having stolen the painting in 1996 and now trumpeting its “recovery” for propaganda purposes.
The work, which was painted in 1886, illustrates the 1859 defeat of the legendary Chechen leader, Shamil, at the hands of the Russian army. The Chechens fought the Russian army for nearly twenty years in the nineteenth century, trying to maintain their independence.
With both the Chechens and the Russians now accusing each other of taking aim at art, it is unclear who is to blame. What is clear is that the collections of two museums in Grozny have largely disappeared.
The Museum of Art was ransacked in 1995-96 during the first war between the Chechens and Russia in a theft described by Hermitage director Mikhail Piotrovsky as, “the worse incident that culture has suffered in this war.”
The Museum of Local History in Grozny with its collection of objects dating from the Bronze Age, which included utensils, garments, musical instruments, and weapons, has also been extensively looted.
The cultural casualties of war do not end there. The most famous monuments in the country are its hundreds of medieval stone towers, most of which are high in the mountains. The towers served as havens in times of war, and most of them date from the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the time of the Mongol invasions.
These distinctive monuments are thirty-five to forty metres high, and are impregnable. According to Mr Teps, small artillery fire cannot damage them, but aerial attack can. Chechen insurgents sometimes use the monuments as observation posts, or for shelter.
Mr Teps explains that before 1944 there were thousands of such towers, but that the Soviet government systematically destroyed most of them, except those in the most remote regions. Stalin accused the Chechens of collaborating with the Nazis and punished them by trying to obliterate any trace of the Chechen nation.
“Some people say that the Russians are once again trying systemically to destroy such important landmarks, but that is not certain”, said Mr Teps, cautiously.
Dr Piotrovsky remarked that there is little reliable information about the fate of such sites, but he is nevertheless grim about the overall situation.
“Many of the republic’s archaeological and architectural sites are being destroyed since they are located at the centre of hostilities”, he said. “War is war, and art and archaeology are caught in the crossfire.”
Originally appeared in The Art Newspaper as 'Casualties of the Chechen war' | <urn:uuid:ebb23763-29c4-42d2-9dd8-56a42ee3b32c> | CC-MAIN-2021-10 | https://www.theartnewspaper.com/archive/casualties-of-the-chechen-war | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-10/segments/1614178375439.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20210308112849-20210308142849-00365.warc.gz | en | 0.969845 | 695 | 3.453125 | 3 |
CHICKEN BREEDS There are more than 2000 different chicken breeds all over the world, about 750 in America, 1347 in Europe and 32 in Spain. All of them have the common ancestor Archaeopterix from Asia, which
There are more than 2000 different chicken breeds all over the world, about 750 in America, 1347 in Europe and 32 in Spain. All of them have the common ancestor Archaeopterix from Asia, which -just like poultry- did not fly but glided.
Some of these breeds have been created for human consumption, either for their meat or for their laying capacity. The local climate must be taken into consideration to healthy raise certain types of hens, as much as the diseases that can be exposed according to the zone in which we live. Know more here Detection Of Bird Disease With Dna Test, How Does It Work?
Although chicks do not show external sexual dimorphism at first sight, but male and female are very different physiologically as they reach adulthood.
Let’s name a few of the most striking Galliformes’ species:
The Sumatra Chicken: Native of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia, the breed is today primarily kept for exhibition for their lustrous black plumage.
The Pita pinta Asturiana: Only breed of chicken indigenous to the principality of Asturias, the “painted hen” is very appreciated for its meat and for being a good eggs layer.
The Faverolles: French breed of chicken, they have friendly temperaments and make great pets.
The Silkie: Named for its atypically fluffy plumage, Silkies have black skin and black bones, a walnut-shaped comb, and turquoise earlobes.
The Sebright: British breed of bantam chicken, they are active, easily tamed and mostly kept for exhibition.
The Naked Neck: Fairly well known all over the world, it seems that they are most commonly found in Romania or other bordering countries. They are naturally devoid of feathers on its neck and vent. | <urn:uuid:589bc4d0-7bdb-4c6c-824b-285e7a188c83> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://sexadodeaves.com/vlog/en/chicken-breeds/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593655898347.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20200709034306-20200709064306-00241.warc.gz | en | 0.954366 | 428 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Making People Better with Art
The effect that art can have on individuals, their communities, and society is clear and profound. Art is a means of empowerment for the disaffected and disenfranchised. It can connect people of different backgrounds and allow them to work together for a common purpose, while still allowing for individual expression and growth.
Art was a fundamental part of my early life. While my mother, an art teacher, was the only professional artist in my immediate family, I was surrounded by creative people who spent time drawing, photographing, crafting, writing, and performing music. I was introduced to many mind-widening experiences of arts and culture, well before I began my career as a public school student.
It didn’t take long for me to realize that my exposure to the arts gave me, and others of similar experience, an advantage when it came to learning. Though we were not economically privileged, our minds were primed for and more open to new information and experiences. Our early introduction to art and culture provided a solid foundation on which we were able to begin the construction of great cathedrals of knowledge and reason. Those without this cultural and intellectual primer, though intellectually capable, often had to work harder to keep up as we progressed through school.
While my personal experiences revealed to me the value of art, it was my mother’s work as an art teacher that made me recognize its power. My mother’s work with students changed lives. It opened their eyes to new ideas, new possibilities, and to new ways of thinking. It provided some with an escape, even if temporary, from difficult situations. It provided confidence to some children who thought they had little or nothing to offer to the world. For some, it even provided a path that they could follow into their adult lives. I still hear stories about my mother’s impact on the lives of her students, even though she passed away over ten years ago.
Though these experiences are anecdotal, more and more research is suggesting that the arts are, in fact, critical to the development of the human mind. Studies show that exposure to the arts at a young age helps children develop critical thinking skills. While this might not translate directly into improved scores in math, science, and other traditional school subjects, it does cause students to be more thoughtful in the way they approach and solve problems.
Aside from the purely academic benefits of the arts, early and regular exposure to the arts seems to help people become more self-aware and empathetic. They are more likely to become lifelong learners, more open to the world and people around them. A great deal of research also points to an art-related improvement in self-concept, much like what I witnessed in many of my mother’s students. Simply stated, exposure to and participation in the arts allows humans to look at the world in new and exciting ways and to become more well-rounded, more thoughtful people.
With all the evidence staring us in the face, how can we, as a society, not commit the resources to ensure that all people, of all ages and backgrounds, have an opportunity to be exposed to and to take part in the arts? In a world where we often mindlessly throw around the term “value,” what could be more valuable than investing in the development of learned, confident, thoughtful human beings? It seems that if we aspire to make the world a better place, this is one of the best areas in which to focus our efforts.
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A market economy is an economic system where the factors of production, are privately owned, consumers and producers are motivated by self interest, the level of competition in the markets is very high and resources are allocated through the price mechanism. The definition is supported by Lipsey (1992) who also state that decisions about resources allocation are made without any central direction but instead as a result of innumerable independent decision taken by individual producers & consumers hence in the market economy the individuals or market makes the ultimate decision in allocation of resources. Whereas the planned economy is one in which the coordination of economic activity so essential to the viability and functioning of a complex social economy is undertaken through administrative means commands, directives, targets and regulations rather than by market mechanism. The dictionary.com defined this economic system as a socialist economic system in which production and distribution of goods and services are controlled by the government and industry is mostly publicly owned.
Provision of public goods
These are goods that are non rivalry in consumption and non excludability as alluded by Stanlake (2000) He also added the examples of public goods which includes national defences, the police service, flood control schemes, street lighting, pavements and public drainage hence they often have large external benefits relative to private benefits. In a market economy, production of public goods will not be provided or is limited because producers cannot withhold the goods for non –payment since there is no way of measuring how much a person consumes, there is no basis for establishing a market price. However in a planned economy there is provision of such goods because the government makes all decisions on what is produced. Hall (2010) mentioned that public goods cannot be provided privately because of their non diminishability and non –excludability...
Beardshaw,J. et. al (1998) Economics a student`s guide,5th Edition, Prentice Hall.
Dictionary.com unabridged. Available at http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/market economy (accessed 3July 2013)
Hall, R. and Lebierman,M.(2010)Microeconomic principle and application,5th Edition,Cengage learning
Lipsey, R. and Harbury, C.(1992)Principals of economics,2nd Edition, Oxford: Oxford university press.
Lipsey, R. and Chrystal, A.(1995)An introduction to positive economics ,8TH edition, London: Oxford university press.
Stanlake, G. and Grant, S.(2000)Introductory economics, 7th Edition,London:Longman.
Please join StudyMode to read the full document | <urn:uuid:d9dbed5b-eeea-4117-9b9d-c07838e15335> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://www.studymode.com/essays/Free-Market-Vs-Planned-Economy-1828553.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195525136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20190717101524-20190717123524-00537.warc.gz | en | 0.944883 | 533 | 3.421875 | 3 |
- fnykr, m. Stank (daunn, údaunn), =knykr, snykr. Fm. X, 2136. 37911(Ágr. 71); Barl. 86 &vl; Heilag. II,46714.
Part of speech: m
Possible runic inscription in Medieval Futhork:ᚠᚿᛦᚴᚱ
Medieval Runes were used in Norway from 11th to 15th centuries.
Futhork was a continuation of earlier Younger Futhark runes, which were used to write Old Norse.
Also available in related dictionaries:
This headword also appears in dictionaries of other languages related to Old Norwegian. | <urn:uuid:c4b26e4a-b7ff-4d46-b4d0-a51bbd57fbbe> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://old-norwegian-dictionary.vercel.app/word/fnykr | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510387.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20230928095004-20230928125004-00529.warc.gz | en | 0.839198 | 191 | 2.53125 | 3 |
William Styron was an American novelist whose career was marked with much recognition and whose work remains celebrated today.
Styron won the Pulitzer Prize for literature in 1968 for his novel The Confessions of Nat Turner, a fictional account of an 1831 American slave rebellion. His highly-respected first novel, Lie Down in Darkness, is the poignant history of a deteriorating Southern family, and earned him the Rome Prize, which is awarded to emerging artists by the American Academy in Rome. During his time in Europe, Styron helped found the Paris Review with a few other writers, including James Baldwin. His novel Sophie’s Choice, which won the 1980 American Book Award, was made into a prize-winning film in 1982. Styron also received the international literary award Prix Mondial Cino Del Duca and the National Medal of Arts, and was also named a Commander in the Legion of Honor by French President François Mitterrand.
Later in his career, Styron suffered from depression for a number of years. After coming out of it, he wrote his memoir, Darkness Visible, and became an activist in depression awareness and survival. | <urn:uuid:a2ba0399-d17e-4ed7-b37e-d64ef408a1df> | CC-MAIN-2017-39 | http://montgomery.dartmouth.edu/william-styron | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-39/segments/1505818696653.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170926160416-20170926180416-00224.warc.gz | en | 0.988907 | 229 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Tips for Maintaining a Healthy Posture
Posture at work, rest, and play affects the health of your back and neck. Posture is a result of proper body mechanics - which occurs when your spine goes from the healthy neutral position into action.
STEP 1: Understand the Neutral Back Position
A healthy spine as three natural curves:
- The neck, or cervical spine, curves slightly inward
- The mid back, or thoracic spine, is curved outward
- The low back, or lumbar spine, curves inward
These natural curves are the result of the muscles, ligaments, and tendons that attach to the vertebrae of the spine working together in harmony. Without these supporting structures, the spine would collapse. They support the spine just as guide wires support the mast of a ship.
In your spine, the guide wire system is made up mainly of the abdominal and back muscles. The abdominal muscles provide support by attaching to the ribs, pelvis, and indirectly to the lumbar spine. The muscles of the back are arranged in layers, with each layer playing an important role in balancing the spine. By using these muscles together, you can change the curves of your spine, like when you bend over to pick something up.
Neutral alignment keeps the muscles, ligaments, and tendons that attach to your spine working together in harmony. This is important to help cushion your spine from too much stress and strain. Learning how to maintain a neutral spine position can help you avoid problems with your spine, and help you move safely during activities like sitting, walking, and lifting.
Controlling the tilt of your pelvis is one way to help balance your spine. As certain muscles of the back and abdomen contract, the pelvis rotates. As the pelvis rotates forward, the lumbar curve increases. As the pelvis rotates backward, the curve of the low back straightens. Rotation of the pelvis is like a wheel centered at the hip joint. The muscles of the upper thighs also attach to the pelvis and contraction of these muscles can be used to change the curve of the spine.
The abdominal muscles work alone or with the hamstring muscles to rotate your pelvis backward. This causes the slight inward curve of the low back to straighten. If these muscles cause the curve of the low back to straighten too much, this may produce an unhealthy slouching posture.
In the other direction, the hip flexor and back extensor muscles rotate the pelvis forward. This increases the curve of your lower back. If this curve is increased too much, another unhealthy posture may result.
A balance of strength and flexibility is the key to maintaining the neutral spine position. This balance ensures the best muscle function. Like a car, an imbalance may lead to wear and tear, eventually damaging the various parts of the car.
Muscle imbalances that affect the spine have many causes. One common cause of muscle imbalance is weak abdominal muscles. As the abdominal muscles sag, the hip flexors become tight, causing an increase in the curve of the low back. Another common problem results from tight hamstrings. As the hamstring muscles become tight, the pelvis is rotated backwards. This produces an abnormal slouching posture.
STEP 2: Put Safe Posture Into Practice
Healthy sitting posture is based on the neutral spine position. Positioning your hips and knees at 90 degrees can help you keep a neutral sitting posture. This position is balanced between the extremes of lumbar movement. Remember to choose a properly designed chair to help support your lumbar spine. The neutral spine position is also important when getting up from a chair. Holding your spine safely in neutral, the pelvic wheel turns forward, placing the "nose over the toes". With the feet placed shoulder width apart, stand upright. Use the buttock and thigh muscles to push yourself up. Do not twist or bend too far over at the waist, or you will put too much strain on your lumbar spine.
Proper body mechanics are also important while walking. Try to maintain the neutral spine position while walking. In the neutral position, your legs and arms swing naturally during forward motion. Conditions that alter the normal way of walking, and cause a limp, can severely stress the spine. While walking, always try to maintain your spine in the neutral position.
Lifting is one of the most dangerous activities for your spine. The neutral spine position MUST be used to reduce the risk of injury. With your spine in the neutral position, movement occurs as the pelvic wheel turns. The hip is the axis of pelvic rotation, not the back! Notice how the back loses the neutral position when the pelvis does not rotate forward. This posture focuses the force on your back muscles during a lift. Lifting in a neutral position allows the larger and more powerful leg muscles to do the lifting.
When lifting, first find the neutral position. Bend at the hips by rotating the pelvic wheel at the hip joint axis. Keep the safe posture, hold the object securely, and use your large leg muscles to generate power. Tighten your abdominal muscles during the lift to create a stabilizing corset around your trunk. | <urn:uuid:a93add5c-f32f-4d64-af07-ddb2d5273d5a> | CC-MAIN-2019-09 | http://medproswebsites.com/tabid/1966/Default.aspx?id=443 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-09/segments/1550247487595.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20190218155520-20190218181520-00324.warc.gz | en | 0.909587 | 1,064 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Tree, perennial plant having an upright woody main stem, and usually the tallest of plants
at maturity. A tree differs from a shrub in that it usually produces a single main stem, or
trunk, and from an herb in that the stem is composed almost entirely of woody tissue.
Trees of some smaller species sometimes develop with more than one stem, like a shrub,
but most species of larger size grow only in tree form. Some species, when they reach
maturity, are only 4.6 m (15 ft) high, with trunks as slender as 15 cm (6 in) in
circumference; the largest species may reach higher than 112 m (367 ft), with trunks that
have a diameter of more than 6 m (more than 20 ft).
Trees are popularly grouped into two broad categories: evergreen and deciduous trees.
(These categories do not correspond strictly to the scientific classifications described
below.) Evergreens are those that bear foliage throughout each year, constantly shedding a
small proportion of the older leaves and replacing them with new leaves. Two evergreen
leaf types are common: (1) needle leaf, typified by the tough, narrow or scalelike resinous
leaves of most conifers; and (2) broadleaf angiosperms, most common in tropical areas,
but found in temperate areas as well. Deciduous trees are broad-leaved and lose their
foliage each year, usually at the approach of the coldest and/or darkest season.
All trees are seed-bearing plants, either gymnosperms, mostly cone-bearing plants
commonly called softwoods, or angiosperms, which are flowering plants, the trees of
which are commonly called hardwoods. The angiosperms are further divided into two
classes, the Liliopsida (monocots) and the Magnoliopsida (dicots), depending on seed
structure. Of the 60,000 to 70,000 species of trees, all are dicotyledonous except a few
hundred monocotyledonous species and less than 1000 gymnospermous species.
All five living orders of gymnosperms consist primarily of tree species; the most important
gymnosperm orders are the Pinales and Taxales, comprising the conifers. Among the
angiosperms, few tree species are monocots. The only monocotyledonous family
containing a preponderance of tree species is the palm family, Areceae, the genera of
which are native to tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world. The dicots
include most of the broad-leaved trees, which are distributed throughout the world.
In the U.S., native trees belong to about 850 species, which are classified in 222 genera
and 69 plant families. Of this total, about 300 species belong to the oak genus, Quercus.
Other large genera of American trees are Crataegus, the hawthorns; Pinus, the pines; and
Salix, the willows. About 110 other species native to the U.S. are tropical or subtropical
trees restricted to Florida. In addition, about 60 species of trees from Europe and Asia are
naturalized in the U.S. after centuries of cultivation, and more than 200 species of foreign
trees are commonly grown in the U.S. as ornamental, shade, and fruit trees. Tree species
make up about 3.5 percent of the plant species found in the U.S.
Trees have existed since the Devonian period of the Paleozoic era . The oldest trees
known to paleobotanists are those of the genus Cordaites, which originated in the early
Devonian period and became extinct by the end of the Paleozoic era. The oldest known
surviving order of trees, the broad-leaved, gymnospermous Ginkgoales, is now
represented by a single species, the maidenhair tree, Ginkgo biloba . Coniferous trees have
existed since the middle of the Carboniferous period. Angiospermous trees first appeared
in the lower Cretaceous period of the Mesozoic era, and by the beginning of the Pliocene
epoch of the Cenozoic era virtually all tree genera now in existence were growing
profusely. The majority of fossil tree leaves found in Pliocene rocks are indistinguishable
from leaves of present-day trees.
Climate and Soil Requirements
Trees grow wherever adequate groundwater is available for the major portion of the year.
Trees do not grow profusely in desert areas or in areas in which the groundwater table is
sufficient only for grassland vegetation; in such areas trees grow successfully only under
careful cultivation, in desert oases, or along the banks of rivers and streams. Moreover, in
areas bordering a grassland or desert, trees are frequently stunted and gnarled in growth.
In high mountains or at the edge of the northern coniferous forests, such scattered,
stunted, twisted trees are called krummholz. Under optimum conditions, however, trees
grow in large aggregations called forest. The climatic and soil requirements of trees are
somewhat different for each species. Most tree species grow over large areas, of which
only a small proportion permits optimum growth of the plant. The most common tree
species in a given area is called the dominant species of the area. In the eastern U.S., for
example, spruce and fir are dominant in Maine and northern New York; beech, birch, and
maple in the southern portions of New York, Michigan, and Wisconsin; longleaf, loblolly,
and slash pines in the Gulf states; and oak and hickory in most of the remaining areas of
the eastern U.S. Some of the states have chosen the blossoms of characteristic native and
cultivated trees as state flowers; apple, Malus pumila, for example, is the state flower of
both Michigan and Arkansas.
Growth of trees, like that of shrubs, requires the successive addition of many layers of
woody tissue to the stem of the original young seedling. The axis, or root and stem, of a
tree seedling is divided into three main layers. The outermost layer, called the epidermis, is
composed of thin-walled cells and protects the inner layers of the axis. The middle layer,
called the cortex, is composed of larger, thin-walled cells, which function temporarily as
storage cells. The innermost layer, or stele, is composed of a layer of tough pericyclic
cells, a multicellular layer of phloem cells, a multicellular layer of xylem, or wood, cells,
and an inner core of thin-walled cells that is called pith.
Early in the development of the plant, an embryonic layer of cells, called the cambium,
develops between the phloem and xylem layers. The cambium layer alternately produces
additional phloem and xylem cells by constant division. When a cambium cell divides to
form xylem cells, the inner of the two resulting cells develops into a xylem cell. The outer
cell continues to function as cambium in the next division, in which the outer cell develops
into a phloem cell and the inner cell continues to function as cambium. Many more xylem
cells are produced than phloem cells.
The constant divisions of the cambium gradually increase the circumference of the axis.
The cambium continually increases in circumference as the area of wood enlarges from the
increase in xylem cells, but the tissues outside the cambium—namely, phloem, pericycle,
cortex, and epidermis—soon rupture, form deep fissures, and eventually split off. A new
cambium, called the cork cambium, or phellogen, develops outside the phloem and
produces successive layers of cork cells that protect the axis. As the axis continues its
expansion, the layers of cork frequently develop characteristic fissures at the surface, and
as each cork cambium is split by the expansion of wood, a new cork cambium develops to
At maturity, the tree axis normally consists of several layers of cork cells, the outer
portion of which is fissured: the cork cambium, a few layers of crushed phloem, a few
layers of functioning phloem, the cambium, and many layers of xylem. The xylem layers
usually constitute more than 95 percent of the diameter of the axis. The xylem layers are
collectively called wood, and the layers outside the cambium are collectively called bark.
The cork cambium divides the bark into outer bark and inner bark.
Because the xylem cells produced in the spring of the year are large and those produced
later in the year are smaller, and because an interruption of growth occurs during the
winter, the growth of wood for each year appears as a distinct ring, called an annual, or
growth, ring. The width of each ring is affected by climate and other variables, and
archaeologists have studied tree rings to determine the climatic conditions and variations
in environment of former times. By starting with trees the ages of which are known and
comparing their rings with those of trees of unknown age, archaeologists have worked out
a chronology extending back some 4000 years. This tree-dating method, called
dendrochronology, has been used to date ancient structures and buildings the wooden
beams of which have been preserved. Older annual rings are usually darkened and
nonfunctional, and are collectively called heartwood; younger layers are lighter in color
and function in transporting sap, and are therefore called sapwood.
The sapwood of the axis functions to carry water and dissolved mineral nutrients upward
from the soil to the leaves. In the leaves the water is used, in combination with carbon
dioxide taken in through the leaves, in a process of food manufacture called
photosynthesis. The sapwood also transports the gaseous products of respiration, which
occurs in all living cells of the plant, to the leaves, from which the gases are released into
the atmosphere. Food, manufactured by photosynthesis, and oxygen, absorbed from the
air and used in respiration, are transported downward to the roots by the phloem.
Reproduction in trees, as in almost all other plants, involves the alternation of generations.
Ovules and pollen may be borne in the same flower or the same inflorescence of a single
tree. In most hollies, ashes, and maples, and in yew, juniper, and ginkgo, however, the
trees are either “male” or “female.” Trees are usually wind- or insect-pollinated, but
several species of birch produce fertile seeds without pollination.
The normal age span of trees is different for each species. Some birches, for example,
normally die after about 40 years of life. The sugar maple, on the other hand, frequently
lives as long as 500 years, some oaks as long as 1500 years, some junipers as long as 2000
years, and some giant sequoias as long as 4000 years. Bristlecone pines, some almost 5000
years old, are the oldest living things.
LINKS TO ENVIRONMENTAL SITES | <urn:uuid:f2c1173c-5ad8-4714-b14d-a6242adc051f> | CC-MAIN-2018-17 | http://treelover.tripod.com/trees.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-17/segments/1524125946688.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20180424115900-20180424135900-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.934686 | 2,511 | 3.75 | 4 |
The Egyptians were protected from invaders due to their geographical features. For example, they had the Mediterranean Sea to the north along with the Nile Delta. This body of water blocks off land on the other side. If intruders were to come to Egypt, they would have to go by boat.
What protected Egypt from invasion *?
The natural barriers that protected Egypt from invasion were the Mediterranean Sea that borders the country to the north, the numerous rapids and waterfalls, known as cataracts, that formed the upper southern section of the Nile river, the expansive deserts to the east and west, and the massive Sahara Desert to the …
What natural protection did Egypt have?
The “red land” was the barren desert that protected Egypt on two sides. It acted as a natural barrier from invaders. They used the Nile’s floods to their advantage. Every time the Nile flooded, it deposited silt in the soil, which made the soil great for growing crops.
What protected Egypt from the East?
There were deserts to the east and west of the Nile River, and mountains to the south. This isolated the ancient Egyptians and allowed them to develop a truly distinctive culture. Other natural barriers included the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Red Sea to the east.
How was Egypt protected from invasion quizlet?
the Mediterranean and Red Seas prevented invasion as well. The cararacts in the Nile made it difficult for anyone to invade from the south.
What did not protect Egypt from invaders?
Also, the eastern and western deserts prevented invaders from the east and west. The deserts were a hard climate to travel through. Therefore, nobody could walk across to conquer Egypt. Furthermore, the cataracts in the Nile to the south protected the Egyptians from lands below them.
Who conquered Egypt in 30 BCE?
In 30 BC the Romans took control of Egypt. The Romans ruled for over 600 years until around 640 AD. In 332 BC, Alexander the Great swept down from Greece conquering much of the Middle East all the way to India. Along the way he conquered Egypt.
Why was ancient Egypt hard to invade?
Natural barriers made Egypt hard to invade. Desert in the west was too big and harsh to cross. Mediterranean and Red Sea provided protection from invasion. Cataracts in the Nile made it difficult to invade from the south.
What separated Egypt from the rest of Africa?
The Nile is the biggest river in Africa, and is the result of the joining of three rivers from Sudan, Uganda and Ethiopia. It starts in south (Upper) Egypt and ends at the country’s northern border with the Mediterranean Sea (Lower Egypt). This separation of the country into two regions stems from ancient times.
What are the 5 Gifts of the Nile?
Gifts of the Nile included water, transportation, trade, papyrus, fish and other animals, and rich black soil. It all started each year with the annual slow flooding of the Nile. The annual flood is often called the inundation.
Which city is closest to Siwa?
Siwa Oasis is situated around 850 kilometers to the North East of Cairo, more than 1500 kilometers to the North West of Aswan, 1146 kilometers to the North West of Hurghada, around 500 kilometers to the North West of the Fayoum Oasis, and around 250 kilometers to the South West of Marsa Matrouh, the nearest city to …
What are the 2 areas of Egypt known as?
Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions, namely Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt.
Who was the most powerful person in Egyptian society and government?
The most powerful person in ancient Egypt was the pharaoh. The pharaoh was the political and religious leader of the Egyptian people, holding the titles: ‘Lord of the Two Lands’ and ‘High Priest of Every Temple’. As ‘Lord of the Two Lands’ the pharaoh was the ruler of Upper and Lower Egypt.
What three natural barriers helped protect the kingdom of Egypt?
The Delta in the north, the Nile’s cataracts to the south, the deserts to the west and east of them were the natural barriers that protected them and they rarely faced threats.
Which of the following is a geographic feature of ancient Egypt that made foreign invasions difficult?
The Nile River has a marshy delta. As a result, Egyptians could not build a port at the mouth of the Nile. This made it difficult for invaders to reach Egyptian settlements along the river. In addition, the rough waters, or cataracts, in the southern part of the river made travel and invasion difficult.
How did Meroe look like an Egyptian city?
In what ways did Meroe look like an Egyptian city? Meroe had small pyramids, a huge temple at the end of a grand avenue lined with sculpture, and decorate walls. | <urn:uuid:15b11fec-1c4a-4539-a090-19d0d94540eb> | CC-MAIN-2021-49 | https://haiafrika.com/countries/question-what-protected-egypt-from-invasions.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-49/segments/1637964363290.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20211206042636-20211206072636-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.959322 | 1,003 | 3.75 | 4 |
Virtually all roses (Rosa spp.), sold commercially are propagated by grafting cuttings or buds onto a variety of multiflora rose rootstock. They can also be grown from the seeds they produce in the ruby-colored fruits, called “hips,” that adorn their bushes from late summer through the winter. You'll need patience for this endeavor, as the seeds require a cold treatment before planting. Roses grown from seed can take two years or longer to produce flowers.
Collect rose hips in autumn. These are the small, apple-like fruits, or seed pods, of the rose. They form at the base of the flower blossom after the flowers fade if the spent blooms are not pruned off. As they ripen and mature, they turn red.
Slice open rose hips with a sharp knife. Remove the seeds contained within. Discard the outer casing or use it to make tea.
Place rose seeds in a small plastic bag along with a handful of dampened peat moss and chill them for 60 to 90 days at temperatures just above freezing. The bottom back of the refrigerator is a good place for this.
Fill 2-inch starter pots to the rim with good-quality indoor potting soil.
Place one seed in each pot, burying it about 1/4 inch deep. Firm the top of the soil gently with your hand.
Place starter pots in a larger, shallow pan. Add water to come halfway up the sides of the starter pots. Allow them to sit in the water until the soil on the surface of their pots is moist. Remove starter pots from pan and allow excess water to drain. Check the pots frequently and water from the bottom in this manner as needed to keep the soil evenly moist, but not soggy.
Put small pots under fluorescent grow lights, so the tops of the pots are about 3 inches from the lights. Provide a way to raise the level of the lights as the seedlings grow to maintain the 3-inch distance between the lights and the tops of the seedlings.
Transplant rose seedlings into 4-inch pots when they are 4 to 5 inches high.
Transplant seedlings into an outdoor nursery garden bed when all danger of frost has passed in your area. | <urn:uuid:ad221748-2ab7-4e99-8d05-4ca2cbb5df43> | CC-MAIN-2016-07 | http://www.gardenguides.com/126643-grow-rose-seeds.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-07/segments/1454701157262.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20160205193917-00113-ip-10-236-182-209.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932172 | 466 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Some bats in North America appear to have developed resistance to a deadly fungal disease, researchers say.
White-nose syndrome has led to declines of 90 percent or more in the numbers of several bat species, including the little brown bat.
The fungal disease continues to afflict bats in the United States and Canada, disrupting their hydration and hibernation cycles, and leading to death. The fungus is transmitted from bat to bat.
Now, some groups of little brown bats in New York state seem resistant to the disease, according to scientists at the University of California, Santa Cruz.
The researchers found that little brown bat populations in New York state that had stabilized after initial declines in numbers had much lower infection levels at the end of winter than populations still in decline.
“Populations of little brown bats have declined dramatically across their range. There have been several reports that populations in New York, where the disease was first introduced, are no longer declining, but no one understood why,” first author Kate Langwig said in a university news release.
“This study is the first to indicate that little brown bats appear to have evolved resistance to the disease,” added Langwig, who was at UCSC at the time of the study.
It’s not known how this resistance developed.
“It could be changes in arousal behavior, differences in skin microbes, or an activation of the immune response by bats after infection has reached a moderate level. Future studies are needed to uncover these details,” Langwig said.
While this study is good news for some colonies of little brown bats, the flying mammals aren’t in the clear yet. “Other species show little sign of being able to persist with the disease,” she noted.
The findings were published Dec. 5 in the journal Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences.
Bat Conservation International has more on white-nose syndrome. | <urn:uuid:901b3f35-da6f-4cd1-a947-232c5a8c4482> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://healthjunior.com/2016/12/12/some-bats-swinging-back-at-fungal-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662675072.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220527174336-20220527204336-00715.warc.gz | en | 0.959341 | 408 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Wondering tips on how to write an impressive poetry analysis essay? It’s one of the responsible steps to this point. No example would assist you. The title of your paper needs to be based on your unique thought. You might take one of the vital discussed subjects in the trendy world. You might write about the position of academic apps in the life of up to date college students, but stress your own perspective primarily based on the info that you’ve collected utilizing one of many analysis methods. Support your choice by pointing to the significance of the discussed problem and add some statistics to get greater credibility. Choosing essay topic is a huge duty. Use essay writing service that will help you with both interesting concept and the remainder of the method for honest costs.
There isn’t any single method of argumentation that will work in each context. One essay prompt may ask you to match and contrast two characters, while one other asks you to hint an image through a given work of literature. These questions require different priam and achilles sorts of solutions and due to this fact completely different sorts of arguments. Below, we’ll discuss three common kinds of essay prompts and a few methods for developing a solid, properly-argued case.
Do not confuse the author with the speaker. Typically, particularly when you are analyzing a poem, it is tempting to assume that the author can be the narrator. This is usually not the case. Poetry, like the novel or short story, is a inventive style in which authors are free to inhabit the voice(s) of any character(s) they like. Most poems don’t determine a narrator by name, but the truth that the speaker is unnamed doesn’t necessarily suggest that she or he stands in for the writer. Keep in mind, the individual doing the writing is the author, and the individual doing the talking is the speaker. In some circumstances, it’s possible you’ll select to deal with the speaker as a stand-in for the author. In these instances, ensure you have a purpose for doing so—and consider mentioning that reason somewhere in your paper.
The conclusion summarizes the essay and offers the reader closure. In three or four concise sentences, it is best to reiterate your thesis and review the details of the body of the essay. Just be certain to not restate your previous phrases precisely. You can even briefly describe your opinion of the subject. Your remaining sentence ought to uphold your fundamental thought in a clear and compelling method.
For research papers, and for a dissertation, specifically, it is important for the author to be completely well-learn in the particular space. The work will be read by your professor, so expertise is critically important. You would not belief your accountant to cut your hair, and you shouldn’t belief a random stranger to help you with a dissertation.
Earlier than starting a literary evaluation essay, it is important to carefully read the text and provide you with a thesis statement to keep your essay targeted. The essay itself will need to have an introduction, a foremost physique that builds a clear argument, and a conclusion.
Every of your physique paragraphs should relate to and immediately assist your thesis assertion. Choose only sturdy discussion factors and always be sure you back up your claims with proof taken from the first textual content or a secondary textual content that discusses the primary one.
Immediate Systems In essay samples – What’s Needed
It’s a process you get while you’re a pupil and it implies analyzing or evaluating a well-known work of literature. It is a task that is usually seen as time-consuming and complex however so long as you apply the following construction and suggestions, your life needs to be easier. For the reason that fundamental purpose in a literary evaluation essay is to show the readers that you’re fully aware of the motion within the literary work and you’ll totally help the thought you’re pushing ahead concerning the work, it’s best to begin with reading the literature piece and be sure to have your barring set.
A Guide To No-Fuss essay sample Plans
All beginner writers need a professional writing help from the actual academic assignments professional. Therefore, we offer our assist to those who want it. Any time, anyplace – we are ready to offer timely educational assistance to these college students who acquired misplaced within the writing process. | <urn:uuid:3a72120c-ca8e-45b0-ab23-973d7a66d6ef> | CC-MAIN-2021-43 | https://parastareman.com/products-in-ap-literature-essays-across-the-usa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-43/segments/1634323585181.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20211017175237-20211017205237-00241.warc.gz | en | 0.942757 | 902 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Corporate social responsibility and sustainability have grown to be essential components of a successful firm in today’s dynamic business environment. Organisations are increasingly understanding the value of incorporating sustainable practises into their operations as concerns for the environment and social welfare continue to grow. Procurement plays a crucial role in fostering long-lasting transformation as the process of acquiring products and services, has a big impact on a company’s supply chain as well as on how well it performs in terms of the environment and the community. Experts in procurement have the power to make decisions that are sustainable for the environment and the welfare of entire communities, from ethically sourcing resources to forming alliances with suppliers who share their values.
The Importance of Sustainable Procurement Practises
Sustainable procurement practises have become increasingly important for organisations looking to minimise their environmental impact and contribute to social welfare.
By adopting sustainable procurement practises, companies can ensure that their supply chains are environmentally responsible and socially ethical. This involves considering factors such as the environmental impact of sourcing materials, the social and labour practises of suppliers, and the overall sustainability of the products being procured.
Sustainable procurement practises offer numerous benefits to organisations. Firstly, they can help reduce the negative environmental impact of operations by sourcing materials from sustainable sources and promoting the use of environmentally friendly production processes.
Furthermore, sustainable procurement practises contribute to social welfare by ensuring that suppliers adhere to fair labour practises and provide safe working conditions.
Strategies for Implementing Sustainable Procurement
Implementing sustainable procurement requires a combination of strategies and actions that align with an organisation’s sustainability goals.
So, Here are some effective strategies for integrating sustainability into procurement processes:
1.Supplier Engagement and Collaboration: Organisations should actively engage with suppliers and foster collaborative relationships to promote sustainability. This involves working together to identify opportunities for improvement, sharing best practises, and establishing mutual sustainability goals.
2.Ethical Sourcing: Ethical sourcing is a fundamental aspect of sustainable procurement. Organisations should prioritise working with suppliers who adhere to ethical labour practises, respect human rights, and provide safe working conditions. This involves conducting supplier audits, implementing codes of conduct, and regularly monitoring supplier performance.
3.Life Cycle Assessment: Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a valuable tool for evaluating the environmental impact of products and services throughout their entire life cycle. By conducting LCAs, organisations can identify areas where improvements can be made and make informed decisions about the products they procure. This includes considering factors such as raw material sourcing, production processes, packaging, transportation, and end-of-life disposal.
4.Supplier Diversity: Promoting supplier diversity is another important aspect of sustainable procurement. By actively seeking out suppliers from diverse backgrounds, including minority-owned and women-owned businesses, organisations can support economic growth and social equity. Supplier diversity initiatives can also foster innovation and promote competition, leading to improved products and services.
Case Studies of Successful Sustainable Procurement Initiatives
Several organisations have successfully implemented sustainable procurement initiatives, showcasing the positive impact that these practises can have.
Let’s explore a few case studies:
- Company X: Company X, a global technology company, implemented a sustainable procurement programme aimed at reducing its environmental impact. They worked closely with their suppliers to improve energy efficiency, reduce waste, and minimise carbon emissions
- Company Y: Company Y, a leading retail organisation, focused on ethical sourcing as a key component of their sustainable procurement strategy. They implemented strict supplier evaluation processes, ensuring that all suppliers adhered to fair labour practises and provided safe working conditions. Company Y also engaged in partnerships with local communities to promote social welfare and support economic development.
- Company Z: Company Z, a multinational food and beverage company, prioritised sustainable agriculture in their procurement processes. They partnered with farmers and suppliers who implemented sustainable farming practises, such as organic farming and water conservation techniques.
These case studies demonstrate the positive outcomes that can be achieved through sustainable procurement.
The Role of Procurement in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Procurement plays a vital role in an organisation’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts. CSR refers to a company’s commitment to conducting business ethically and sustainably, considering the impact of its operations on various stakeholders, including employees, customers, suppliers, and the community.
One of the key ways procurement contributes to CSR is by ensuring that suppliers adhere to ethical and sustainable practises. By conducting thorough due diligence on potential suppliers and regularly tracking supplier performance, procurement professionals can ensure that suppliers meet the organisation’s CSR standards
Procurement professionals also play a role in promoting diversity and inclusion within the supply chain.
Furthermore, procurement professionals can support CSR goals by engaging in sustainable sourcing practises. This involves considering the environmental impact of sourcing materials, promoting sustainable production processes, and minimising waste generation.
Challenges and Barriers to Implementing Sustainable Procurement and CSR
While sustainable procurement and CSR initiatives offer numerous benefits, they also come with their fair share of challenges and barriers.
Here are Some of the common challenges organisations face when implementing these practises include:
- Resistance from Suppliers: Suppliers may be resistant to change, particularly if it requires significant investments or operational adjustments. Convincing suppliers to adopt sustainable practises can be challenging, especially if they perceive it as an additional cost or operational burden. Overcoming this resistance requires effective communication, collaboration, and incentives to encourage suppliers to embrace sustainability.
- Limited Supplier Transparency: Obtaining accurate and comprehensive information about suppliers’ practises can be difficult, particularly in complex global supply chains. Lack of transparency makes it challenging to assess suppliers’ environmental and social performance and identify potential risks. Organisations need to invest in systems and processes that promote supplier transparency and accountability.
- Competing Priorities: Organisations often face competing priorities, making it challenging to allocate resources and focus on sustainable procurement and CSR initiatives. Budget constraints, time limitations, and conflicting objectives can hinder the implementation of these practices. To overcome this barrier, organisations need to integrate sustainability into their overall business strategy and prioritise it alongside other key objectives.
- Complexity of Supply Chains: Global supply chains are often complex and interconnected, making it challenging to trace the origin of materials and ensure ethical and sustainable practises throughout the supply chain. Addressing these complexities requires collaboration with suppliers, the use of technology and data analytics, and the establishment of rigorous auditing and monitoring processes.
Best Practises for Procurement Professionals in Promoting Sustainability and CSR
Procurement professionals can play a crucial role in promoting sustainability and CSR within their organisations.
Here are some best practises for procurement professionals to consider:
Engage in Continuous Education: Stay updated on the latest trends and best practises in sustainable procurement and CSR. Attend conferences, workshops, and webinars to expand your knowledge and network with industry experts. Continuous education will help you stay informed about emerging sustainability issues and develop innovative solutions.
Collaborate with Stakeholders: Engage with internal stakeholders, such as sustainability teams, executives, and employees, to align procurement practises with overall sustainability goals. Collaborate with suppliers and encourage them to adopt sustainable practises by providing resources, training, and incentives.
Leverage Technology: Utilise technology solutions to streamline procurement processes and promote sustainability. Implement supplier management systems that provide transparency and enable effective supplier evaluation and monitoring. Leverage data analytics to measure and track sustainability performance, identify areas for improvement, and make informed decisions.
Integrate Sustainability into Procurement Policies: Develop procurement policies and guidelines that prioritise sustainability and CSR. Incorporate sustainability criteria into supplier selection processes and contract negotiations. Establish clear expectations and standards for suppliers, and regularly evaluate their performance against these criteria.
Measure and Report Progress: Implement robust measurement and reporting systems to track progress and communicate the impact of sustainable procurement and CSR initiatives. Regularly assess key performance indicators (KPIs) such as carbon emissions, waste reduction, supplier diversity, and ethical sourcing. Transparently communicate progress to internal and external stakeholders to build trust and accountability.
Conclusion: The Future of Procurement in Sustainability and CSR
It has become crucial that procurement plays a part in sustainability and corporate social responsibility. Sustainable operations are becoming more and more important to businesses, and procurement professionals have the key to enacting positive change throughout the supply chain.
Organisations may reap the many advantages that sustainable procurement offers by promoting teamwork, transparency, and an embrace of technological improvements. Overcoming the hurdles related to sustainable procurement and CSR is essential.
They may take advantage of the potential given by sustainability, establishing a competitive edge and generating long-lasting value for all stakeholders, by adopting best practises and being educated. The future of procurement lies in fully embracing corporate social responsibility and sustainability, since those businesses who do so not only have a great impact on the globe, but also establish themselves as industry leaders.
Article By Pramod Malnatchi
As a Content Writer at FOS Desk, I honed my writing skills while creating, compelling and engaging content for various niches like Logistics, Presentation software, and SaaS. For 2+ years, I gained valuable experience in crafting impactful articles, blog posts, and social media content that resonated with our target audience. Through collaboration with the team and the use of data-driven strategies, I helped to boost our brands and establish a strong online presence.
Don’t miss your opportunity to submit a nomination for this years The Sustain Chain Awards. Entries close 31st August 2023. Click here for further information. | <urn:uuid:25cceddc-71d9-4216-9ef2-8096ec72bdad> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.ioscm.com/blog/the-role-of-procurement-in-sustainability-and-corporate-social-responsibility/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233510575.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20230930014147-20230930044147-00482.warc.gz | en | 0.915456 | 2,011 | 3.171875 | 3 |
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The U.S. District Courts and the Federal Judiciary
In its plan for the federal judiciary, the Congress in 1789 divided the nation into thirteen judicial districts that served as the basic organizational units of the federal courts. In each district, a U.S. district court served as the federal trial court for admiralty and maritime cases as well as for some minor civil and criminal cases. Congress authorized the district judge to appoint a clerk in each district to assist in the administration of the district and circuit courts, and authorized the president to appoint in each district a marshal and federal prosecutor, then called a "district attorney."
The court's jurisdiction was limited to cases arising within the district, and the judges were required to reside in their districts. The original districts outlined by Congress coincided with the borders of the eleven states that had ratified the Constitution, with separate districts for Maine and Kentucky, which were still a part of Massachusetts and Virginia, respectively.
In the early years of the federal government, caseload in the district courts depended largely on the volume of admiralty suits in the region, and some courts heard few cases. District judges also served on the U.S. circuit court that met in their judicial district, and for much of the nineteenth century, district judges were likely to devote more time to their duties on the U.S. circuit courts than to the business of the U.S. district courts. Gradually over the nineteenth century, Congress expanded the jurisdiction of the district courts, especially in the area of non-capital criminal cases.
In the original districts of Maine and Kentucky and in many new states during the nineteenth century, the U.S. district court also exercised the jurisdiction of the U.S. circuit courts until such time that the district was incorporated into a judicial circuit. Appeals from such courts generally went to the Supreme Court and occasionally to the circuit court in another district within the state. Only in 1889 did Congress finally provide a circuit court for every judicial district in the nation and thus end this expanded jurisdiction of certain district courts. In the Judicial Code of 1911, Congress abolished the U.S. circuit courts and made the U.S. district courts the sole general-jurisdiction trial courts of the federal judiciary. Until 1891, when Congress first provided a uniform salary for district judges, compensation varied from district to district according to Congress's estimation of the amount of business expected to come before the court.
As new states entered the union, Congress created additional district courts that in their geographical outline remained within state boundaries, with two negligible exceptions. As early as the 1790s Congress divided some states into multiple districts, each with court staff and separate records of proceedings. Frequently, a single judge served more than one district within a state. The U.S. District Court for New York in 1812 became the first in the nation with two judgeships, but in 1814 Congress divided the state into two judicial districts, each with a single judge. Congress did not create another permanent second judgeship for a district court until 1903 when it authorized an additional judgeship for the Southern District of New York. | <urn:uuid:0c3eb63e-4d66-49a0-9daf-f6fde43e99e8> | CC-MAIN-2017-17 | https://www.fjc.gov/history/courts/u.s.-district-courts-and-federal-judiciary | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-17/segments/1492917123635.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170423031203-00244-ip-10-145-167-34.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968861 | 641 | 3.609375 | 4 |
Researchers at the Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) have discovered the second
Telescopes could never detect beforethe collision of stars whose total mass is 2.9 times greater than the Sun. “These objects are clearly heavier than any other pair of neutron stars that we observed,” the researchers noted.
A huge radio telescope from China began to look for extraterrestrial life
University of Florida astronomers previously studieddata on the collision of two neutron stars, which scientists observed in 2017, and came to the conclusion that similar events near the Milky Way could cause the appearance of heavy metals in the solar system.
In 2017, observatories around the world observedcollision of two dense cosmic bodies of extremely high energies. The mass of neutron stars that became participants in this event is several times greater than the mass of the Sun - while the size of the objects were the size of a big city. | <urn:uuid:60686665-9861-4460-ab84-669aefc0c27d> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://geektech.me/astronomers-have-recorded-a-second-collision-of-neutron-stars/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224646937.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20230531150014-20230531180014-00685.warc.gz | en | 0.946527 | 187 | 3.78125 | 4 |
1. A health resort near a spring or at the seaside.
4. Uncomfortably cool.
9. In addition.
13. A state-chartered savings bank owned by its depositors and managed by a board of trustees.
16. A rotating disk shaped to convert circular into linear motion.
17. A minor Hebrew prophet (8th century BC).
18. Plant with an elongated head of broad stalked leaves resembling celery.
19. A flat wing-shaped process or winglike part of an organism.
20. A dark-skinned member of a race of people living in Australia when Europeans arrived.
21. Realistic Norwegian author who wrote plays on social and political themes (1828-1906).
22. A republic in the Middle East in western Asia.
23. Any of various long-tailed rodents similar to but larger than a mouse.
24. Common Indian weaverbird.
26. Formed like a bacillus.
28. That which is responsible for one's thoughts and feelings.
30. Any of several Old World herbs of the genus Medicago having small flowers and trifoliate compound leaves.
32. A formal expression of praise.
38. In or of the present month.
43. A soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal.
44. (used of count nouns) Every one considered individually.
45. A river that rises in northern Colombia and flows generally eastward to the Orinoco in central Venezuela.
46. Of or being the lowest female voice.
48. A person who participates in or is skilled at some game.
49. A detailed critical inspection.
51. A complex red organic pigment containing iron and other atoms to which oxygen binds.
52. Cut off from a whole.
53. Divulge information or secrets.
54. Fiddler crabs.
56. A constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Norma.
57. Small terrestrial lizard of warm regions of the Old World.
60. A woody climbing usually tropical plant.
63. A garment covering the leg (usually extending from the knee to the ankle).
65. The practice of living without clothes for reasons of health.
66. Having no employment.
67. Large hairy humanoid creature said to live in the Himalayas.
68. The time of life between the ages of 12 and 20.
70. The blood group whose red cells carry both the A and B antigens.
72. (computer science) A kind of computer architecture that has a large number of instructions hard coded into the cpu chip.
75. A member of a Turkic people of Uzbekistan and neighboring areas.
80. (Old Testament) The second patriarch.
84. Aircraft landing in bad weather in which the pilot is talked down by ground control using precision approach radar.
85. Of or relating to the island republic of Nauru or its residents.
89. A workplace for the conduct of scientific research.
90. The principal evil jinni in Islamic mythology.
91. English prelate noted for his pessimistic sermons and articles (1860-1954).
93. A unit of absorbed ionizing radiation equal to 100 ergs per gram of irradiated material.
94. An agency of the United Nations affiliated with the World Bank.
95. Indigo bush.
96. An informal term for a father.
97. The compass point midway between east and southeast.
1. Someone who works (or provides workers) during a strike.
2. A metabolic acid found in yeast and liver cells.
3. Any of the forms of Chinese spoken in Fukien province.
4. The 22nd letter of the Greek alphabet.
5. An auxiliary activity.
6. (Old Testament) A son of Jacob and a forebear of one of the tribes of Israel.
7. Carnivorous or bloodsucking aquatic or terrestrial worms typically having a sucker at each end.
8. A long pointed rod used as a weapon.
9. A blue dye obtained from plants or made synthetically.
10. A university town in southeast Wyoming.
11. A cut of pork ribs with much of the meat trimmed off.
12. Consisting of or made of wood of the oak tree.
13. A percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance.
14. Speaking a Slavic language.
15. A Chadic language spoken south of Lake Chad.
25. An absence of emotion or enthusiasm.
27. Port city in western Saudi Arabia on the Red Sea.
29. A silvery malleable metallic element that resists corrosion.
31. A Mid-Atlantic state.
33. (electronics) Of a circuit or device having an output that is proportional to the input.
34. A wild and exciting undertaking (not necessarily lawful).
35. (Babylonian) God of storms and wind.
36. A red soil produced by rock decay.
37. An intense and irresistible love for yourself and concern for your own needs.
39. Clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion.
40. Proboscis monkeys.
41. Bid over an opponent's bid when one's partner has not bid or doubled, in Bridge.
42. A hospital unit staffed and equipped to provide intensive care.
47. (South African) A camp defended by a circular formation of wagons.
50. The basic unit of money in China.
55. A silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite.
58. Food chopped into small bits.
59. Appointed to a post or duty.
61. A state in northwestern North America.
62. Horny projecting mouth of a bird.
64. A member of the Caddo people of NE Texas.
69. A radioactive element of the actinide series.
71. A former British gold coin worth 21 chillings.
73. (law) A comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy.
74. A public promotion of some product or service.
76. Any of a number of fishes of the family Carangidae.
77. A small cake leavened with yeast.
78. Soft creamy white cheese.
79. A town in north central Oklahoma.
81. A river in north central Switzerland that runs northeast into the Rhine.
82. By bad luck.
83. Give over.
86. A loose sleeveless outer garment made from aba cloth.
87. (Norse mythology) One of the Aesir known for his beauty and skill with bow and skis.
88. One of the five major classes of immunoglobulins.
92. A silvery soft waxy metallic element of the alkali metal group.
93. Support resembling the rib of an animal. | <urn:uuid:56c54ec0-5bc6-4b3c-a7a6-82e44b7d5815> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.crosswordpuzzlegames.com/puzzles/gl_390.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131304412.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172144-00192-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903809 | 1,493 | 2.546875 | 3 |
How to Test the Brake Master Cylinderby Aram Khayatpour
Testing your brake master cylinder is a good step towards diagnosing potential braking problems in your automobile. The brake master cylinder serves to create pressure in the hydraulic fluid that powers the brake system; and when it is not working properly, the necessary pressure is not being made. This reduced brake function is very dangerous and should be assessed and repaired as quickly as possible in order to avoid a possible accident.
Open the hood of your car and locate the brake fluid reservoir. It will be towards the back of the engine bay and will be a plastic cylinder filled with hydraulic fluid. If you have a manual transmission car, there will be two of these; the brake fluid reservoir is the larger one.
Have someone else sit inside your car and apply pressure to the brake pedal as you observe the brake fluid reservoir. If you notice fluid swirl or bubbles forming in the reservoir as they press on the brake, then your master cylinder is not functioning properly and will most likely need to be replaced.
Inspect the area around the master cylinder for fluid leaks. If you notice any brake fluid leaking out of the master cylinder, then it is not functioning properly and will most likely need to be replaced. However, if the fluid is leaking out of nearby brake lines or tubing, then your master cylinder is probably not the problem.
Apply pressure to the brake pedal until it comes to a stop and then hold the pedal there, sustaining the pressure. If moments after the brake pedal has come to its initial stop it begins to drop down again slowly, then the master cylinder is not functioning properly and will most likely need to be replaced.
Determine if the brake master cylinder is the problem. If there are no fluid leaks at the master cylinder, no swirl or bubbles in the brake reservoir, and the brake pedal does not slowly descend with constant pressure, then the master cylinder is working properly. | <urn:uuid:c809c145-c7ae-4123-be97-b4195bba20dd> | CC-MAIN-2021-17 | https://itstillruns.com/test-brake-master-cylinder-5779577.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-17/segments/1618038072180.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20210413092418-20210413122418-00362.warc.gz | en | 0.913884 | 392 | 2.75 | 3 |
The Science of -” Life by Design”
World famous, zoologist/biologist, and former Director of the London zoo , Lyall Watson, says in his book, Supernature, “Life is energy organized from chaos.”
If you take an Atom and blow it up to the size of a Football stadium, The nucleus, which contains 99.999% of the matter therein, would be a speck on the 50 yard line. The rest would just be empty space with some electrons dancing on the periphery. So if you asked any physicists, they would agree that an Atom is 99.9999% empty space.
“A neutron star results from the collapse of a massive star after a supernova.” (Wikipedia). The empty space has been squeezed out of its atoms, leaving a core of compacted neutrons with the electrons blasted off during the supernova explosion.
Wikipedia says: “A normal size match box containing neutron star material would have a mass of approximately 5,000,000,000,000 tons.” (5 Trillion tons) I have read estimates that two heaping tablespoons of a neutron star would weigh as much as the earth. Consider that A neutron star only 7 miles across would have a mass equivalent to our Sun. Lyall Watson said: “There is proportionally as much empty space inside the Atom as there is in the Universe.”
NASA photo of a neutron star (pulsar) in the center of the gold
So, if you squeezed the empty space out of your atoms, the remainder would be an infinitesimally small speck of matter.
Now take a moment and pat your head, and now your forearm, and take a good look at that forearm. If there’s no matter there, what is it? What are you?
The only logical conclusion from a scientific standpoint would be that you are an electromagnetic/nuclear force field giving the impression of a solid. There is nothing else there of any consequence, just an energy field. It’s the same energy that makes up the sun and all the other stars. It’s the same energy that makes up the moon and the earth rocks, and the oceans, and your dog, Bowser. Watson (1) says: “We are the hollow men and our insubstantial bodies are strung together with electromagnetic and nuclear forces that do no more than create the illusion of matter.”
So what’s the difference between you and the chair you’re sitting in? I propose there is a Life Force that organizes energy into form. A Life Force that makes you -you, and me -me. “The only real difference is that the atoms of life are organized.” Watson (1)
So maybe we are not an illusion, but we are certainly different than we seem. | <urn:uuid:24913305-4eb8-4685-ac02-4a9e24de02a3> | CC-MAIN-2017-51 | https://yerpalty.wordpress.com/2015/09/11/are-we-an-illusion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-51/segments/1512948550986.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20171214202730-20171214222730-00197.warc.gz | en | 0.954883 | 594 | 3.421875 | 3 |
Skip to 0 minutes and 8 secondsMICHELE AARON: Welcome to our course, Digital Storytelling, Filmmaking for the Web. Over the next four weeks you'll come across a mixture of content, from master classes created by the BBC Academy, real world examples of great storytelling and digital filmmaking, along with thought provoking questions and discussions with Rich and I. This week we start at the very beginning, with the story. The process by which we tell and share stories has changed fundamentally, but there are basic principles that will serve you well to know. So, one of the things we'll be doing is discussing what makes a great story.
Skip to 0 minutes and 43 secondsWe'll talk about the fundamental building blocks you need for short form filmmaking, and how publishing in the digital space might change how you tell your story, and who it's for. Finally, we'll think about the different techniques that can be used for the unfolding of your story, and how you might reach out to different audiences. We look forward to learning with you over the next few weeks, and hope that you enjoy the course.
Introduction to Week 1
Why are stories so compelling?
What is it about them, especially as films, that captures our interest and holds our attention? And to what extent are we free to respond to these films and the stories they tell?
During the next four weeks we’ll be covering the practical aspects of planning your shoot, capturing your shots, editing and publishing online to your worldwide audience.
But in this first week of the course we are going to discuss the nuts and bolts of storytelling and story-viewing—or spectatorship as it is often called—from a practical but especially a theoretical and critical perspective.
We will look at a range of topics that should be considered when thinking about the power of stories, in digital film form, and how they can affect viewers.
I hope that you enjoy this first week exploring Digital Storytelling with me, Michele Aaron and my colleague Richard Langley.
Video © BBC, Text © University of Birmingham | <urn:uuid:2d30c0f0-f1d8-4698-a673-3ccd2f3fb895> | CC-MAIN-2019-51 | https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/digital-storytelling/0/steps/9269 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-51/segments/1575540533401.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20191211212657-20191212000657-00088.warc.gz | en | 0.95887 | 424 | 2.828125 | 3 |
We take a lot of the technology around us today for granted. Like having mini computers for phones that last us the entire day, which was unheard of not too long ago. But what if your phone lasted 3 to 4 days on a charge? Or a laptop that could be pushed to the limits for an entire day without needing to be plugged in? Or an EV that could go 500 to 600 miles, charge in minutes … and cost less than an internal combustion engine car? There’s been a lot of hype around solid state batteries for years now, but where do things stand today? And how much longer do we have to wait before seeing solid state batteries take hold in the technology we use every day?
The excitement around solid state batteries is understandable. With companies like Toyota teasing announcing a solid state battery vehicle around the time of the Olympics, the buzz continues to grow.1 The lithium-ion batteries we use today, as great as they are, have some drawbacks that solid state is trying to solve. To understand those drawbacks we need to look at the basic components of a battery. There’s a positive electrode, or cathode, which is usually something like a Nickel Cobalt Aluminum (NCA) formula. Then there’s a perforated separator to keep it isolated from the negative side, or anode, which is usually a compound of a carbon material like graphite. Finally, all of this will be filled with a liquid electrolyte that allows the free flow of ions back and forth between the anode and cathode during charging and discharging.
You can substitute many different chemical formulations for the cathode and anode, but the liquid or gel electrolytes in most of the batteries we use today are highly combustible.2 This can happen because of manufacturing defects or damage to the cell, but it’s also a problem because of something called dendrites. Metal can build up on the anode and slowly create stalactite-like growths, and those can extend and puncture the separator between the anode and cathode … and that’s when you get exploding batteries.3
Some of the latest breakthroughs we’re seeing in research
So how does a solid state battery solve that problem? They replace the liquid electrolyte with … you probably guessed it … a solid one. Most often a ceramic or glassy electrolyte.4 These solid electrolytes aren’t flammable, which means a big improvement with safety. But a bigger benefit of solid electrolytes is the ability to use other anode materials like lithium metal. which has the highest theoretical storage capacity.5 In fact lithium metal was used in some of the first lithium ion battery research in 1979.6 However, one of the reasons we haven’t used lithium metal in batteries up until this point is because they suffer from dendrite growth, which is … as I mentioned before … kind of a bad thing.
There’s been a lot of really interesting research in recent years that may have solutions to that problem. MIT researchers have developed something called mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIEC) and electron and li-ion insulators (ELI).7 That’s a mouthful. It’s a three-dimensional honeycomb architecture with nanoscale tubes made from MIEC. The tubes are infused with lithium metal, which forms the anode. The fascinating part of this breakthrough is that the honeycomb pattern gives the lithium metal room to expand and contract during charging and discharging. Giving the battery room to breath avoids cracking. The ELI coating the tubes acts as a barrier protecting them from the solid electrolyte. All of this means having a true solid state battery without the need for any liquid or gel mixed in … and no dendrite growth.
A company called Ion Storage Systems has developed super thin ceramic electrolyte that’s about 10 micrometers thick, which is about the same thickness as today’s plastic separators used with liquid electrolytes. Each side of the ceramic electrolyte is covered in a super thin layer of aluminum oxide that helps to reduce resistance. The company’s prototype battery had a specific energy of about 300 Wh/kg, and is capable of charging in 5 – 10 minutes.8 For a point of comparison, NCA batteries today have a specific energy of around 250 Wh/kg.
IBM and Daimler announced a “breakthrough” solid state battery that used IBM’s quantum computing on a battery chemistry that uses no heavy metals, such as nickel or cobalt, and that aren’t extracted in damaging ways.9 But unlike other big “breakthrough” announcements, they provided no details that can be explained or corroborated. All we know is what they’ve told us, like that it can supposedly charge to 80% in 5 minutes, and match the energy density of state-of-the-art lithium ion batteries. This announcement has been met with a lot of skepticism due to the lack of details.10
But one announcement, which is the biggest of them all, is back to the legendary, rock-star of battery technologies, and Nobel Prize winner, John B. Goodenough. Together with his co-author, Maria Helena Braga, they announced a “glass battery.”11 At 95 years old, John Goodenough is still researching battery chemistries to replace lithium-ion batteries with something better, faster, safer, and ecologically sound. Something that would be cheaper than gas and would push humanity off the need to use fossil fuels. Both Maria Braga and John Goodenough think they’ve unlocked that potential with their discovery.
The glass battery doesn’t use cobalt, and lithium could eventually be replaced with easily accessible sodium. That means these batteries could be biodegradable at some point. And as you probably guessed from the nickname, it’s using a glass electrolyte. They can last for more than 23,000 charge and discharge cycles, which is more than a minor improvement over several thousand for a typical lithium ion cell.
There’s still some debate from battery researchers around Goodenough and Braga’s findings, but Goodenough’s credentials as one of the inventors of lithium-ion batteries add a lot of credibility to the findings.12
What this will mean for the future
Which leads me to the giant question of “when?” When will we finally see solid state batteries hit the market? We’ve heard promises of solid state battery breakthroughs for years, but have yet to see them in the wild. And that’s part of why I selected some of the examples that I did, like the IBM example. When it comes to news reports and public perception, there’s a disconnect between research and breakthroughs in the lab versus when it becomes commercialized in the marketplace. There’s often the perception that it’ll be in a product within a year or two, which is actually something IBM stated in their announcement. They partnered with Mercedes Benz R&D North America, a Japanese chemical company Central Glass, and a battery startup, Sidus, to test the battery. A direct quote from an interview with IEEE Spectrum said:
“IBM has built prototype pouch battery cells in the lab which give her group confidence that they could develop a commercial product for limited applications (e.g. portable power tools) within one to two years.”13
One to two years! That’s exciting, unless you pay attention to the specifics of “limited applications” like portable power tools. This isn’t something that’s going to be in EVs anytime soon. Sadly, some companies perpetuate this misperception on purpose to appear as though they’re relevant and competitive in the marketplace.14 At CES this year, Mecedes showed off their AVTR concept car that is made of environmentally friendly materials, and a cutting edge battery pack that’s fully recyclable. That got a lot of the headlines, but in an interview with Mercedes senior manager of battery research, Andreas Hintennach, he stated the battery technology is currently in lab testing and about 10 to 15 years away.15 I just recently had a video about CATL and their prismatic cell to pack technology that Tesla may be using soon. Well, CATL also produced a solid state battery sample, but said it wouldn’t be commercialized until after 2030.16
I don’t bring all of this up to try to squash excitement around the research and breakthroughs with solid state batteries. It’s important to keep things in context and understand that it’s incredibly difficult to go from lab to manufacturing at scale cost effectively. Remember that it was over a decade between the original lithium-ion battery research and Sony building the first commercially available version.17 And even John Goodenough thinks it’s going to be 5-10 years before solid state batteries will become commercially successful.18 Even Toyota’s planned solid state vehicle announcement around the time of the Olympics is another good indicator. Toyota’s R&D chief has said:
“We will produce a car with solid-state batteries and unveil it to you in 2020, but mass production with solid-state batteries will be a little later.”19
And by “a little later,” he means mid 2020’s at the earliest. We’re in a giant middle step of solid state research, which is trying to apply what has been learning in the lab and apply it to real world production in limited situations. John Goodenough is doing that with Hydro-Quebec. The University of Texas at Austin owns the patents to the glass battery, but is working with Hydro-Quebec to try and commercialize the technology.20
”We believe there will be a significant development work and testing required before Hydro-Québec will know whether a product can be manufactured and how such a product might perform compared to existing Li-ion battery cells.” – University of Texas, director Office for Technology Commercialization
What I found interesting is that Hydro-Quebec has been working with the University of Texas for 25 years and it developed John Goodenough’s lithium iron phosphate battery.
We’re most likely going to see solid state battery technology hit the market in small batches in very limited ways. The difficulty in manufacturing yields and costs will mean it’s most likely going to be used in small form factors like consumer electronics. Think smartphones and smart watches. As the process and chemistries get perfected, we’ll start to see it in larger scale products, and ultimately, EVs. I wouldn’t be surprised if John Goodenough’s prediction is accurate and that we’ll see the first batteries in five years or so, but we’re most likely a decade away before it starts to make significant inroads.
But once it does, it’s going to change everything … again. Everything we know and expect out of consumer electronics, health technology, and EVs will shift. We’ll be able to charge phones and cars in minutes instead of hours. But the biggest gain is something that John Goodenough spoke about himself.
“Modern society has become dependent on energy. We have to learn to eliminate our dependence on fossil fuels so we can be dependent on the energy from the sun. But you need to be able to start … and the battery is one of the ways to store electric power efficiently. You’ve got to find a way to get around the problems of the present lithium-ion battery. And I’m hoping we found a solution to that. We have a safe, all solid state cell, of high energy density, that’s very cheap to make. Just like the lithium-ion battery gave us the wireless revolution. We will now have the ability to store energy in a big enough volume at a low enough cost that it can compete with oil. I think that it will be transformational.” – John B. Goodenough21
I’m really excited to see where solid state batteries can take us in the future, but for the time being we’ll just need to be a little patient. | <urn:uuid:aaa82fad-f031-456d-b1ec-171ec2116a0c> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://undecidedmf.com/episodes/the-truth-about-solid-state-batteries-how-close-are-they | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304798.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220125070039-20220125100039-00008.warc.gz | en | 0.947291 | 2,545 | 3.5625 | 4 |
Minnesota Homelessness Statistics
As of January 2018, Minnesota had an estimated 7243 experiencing homelessness on any given day, as reported by Continuums of Care to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Of that Total, 979 were family households, 301 were Veterans, 709 were unaccompanied young adults (aged 18-24), and 1066 were individuals experiencing chronic homelessness.
Public school data reported to the U.S. Department of Education during the 2016-2017 school year shows that an estimated 16550 public school students experienced homelessness over the course of the year. Of that total, 416 students were unsheltered, 5273 were in shelters, 1335 were inhotels/motels, and 9526 were doubled up.
Use our map to compare Minnesota homeless statistics with other states and filter statistics by the data source. You can also find contact information for each state under the map.
If you are experiencing homelessness, please contact the Continuum of Care in your local area for assistance. | <urn:uuid:09561c7e-42fb-4233-8ec9-947e2ebf74bb> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://www.usich.gov/homelessness-statistics/mn/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251694176.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20200127020458-20200127050458-00330.warc.gz | en | 0.981933 | 208 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Bye-Bye, Beer? Brewers Say They've Got A Plan On Climate Change
Research published this week predicting that beer prices could double as rising global temperatures and more volatile weather cause shortages of barley created a big splash. Twitter users and major news outlets widely circulated the dire headlines. But brewers and barley growers say you shouldn't drown your sorrows just yet: They have a plan.
The paper, published Monday in the journal Nature Plants, warns of "serious supply disruptions" of barley. Analyzing several possible climate change scenarios, the authors find that global yields could drop 17 percent during severe droughts and heat waves in the future and that beer prices could spike calamitously.
However, some in the beer industry think the findings are overblown.
"While climate change is a cause for concern, this study isn't a great indicator of what is going to happen in the real world," says Bart Watson, chief economist at the Brewers Association, a trade group based in Boulder, Colo. Watson believes the industry — especially the agricultural sector — will adapt as the planet's climate changes, thereby avoiding such significant impacts.
"If warming happens as they say it will, my impression is that it will come in small, incremental increases over a long time, and that allows farmers time to change," he says.
In their paper, a team of 10 scientists from China, Britain, the United States and Mexico warn that crop damage from worsening droughts and heat waves could cause global beer production to tumble by 16 percent. This will cause global beer prices to increase, possibly doubling on average. The research also warns that a serious hit to barley yields will disproportionately impact brewers. That's because livestock farmers who feed barley to their animals will be forced into competition with beer producers for limited supplies of the grain. And, under such economic conditions, beer will lose.
"Our analysis showed us that we're probably going to prioritize the food over the luxury beverage," Steven Davis, a co-author of the paper and an associate professor of earth system science at the University of California, Irvine, tells The Salt. "In many cases, the affluent consumers will just pay more for their beer, but someone's going to have to do without the barley, and it looks like the beer industry as a whole will do with less."
Overall, consumption could drop by 29 billion liters. That's about how much beer Americans drank in 2011, according to the research.
The study corroborates prior findings about grains and climate change. A 2017 study from the University of California, Davis predicted that higher temperatures in spring and summer could reduce the yields of many grains important to beer by the end of the century. It predicted winter wheat yields would drop by 21 percent, winter barley by 17.3 percent and spring barley by 33.6 percent.
The new Nature Plants paper made headlines in major news outlets on Monday: "Climate Change Might Double the Cost of a Beer," Wired reported; and "Heat and Drought Could Threaten World Beer Supply," warned The New York Times the same day.
But Greg Koch is not especially worried.
"I saw the headlines, but I didn't take the clickbait," says Koch, co-founder of Stone Brewing in San Diego. Koch is deeply concerned by the many ways people are negatively impacting the planet, but he says he is a bit frustrated that people have latched on to a relatively unimportant consequence of human activity — beer shortages.
"It's a bit myopic," Koch adds.
Little at the Idaho Grain Producers Association doesn't believe that barley farmers will be hit as hard as Davis and his co-authors have predicted.
"There are lots of things farmers can do to adapt to changing climate," Little says. Farmers routinely deal with "extremes" of weather, often by adjusting their planting schedules. In some instances, when extreme heat or drought threatens a crop on irrigated land, farmers can often simply apply more water, which can offset heat effects.
"I just don't see us being unable to produce however much barley brewers want," Little says.
In their research, Davis and his colleagues studied extreme weather events, especially droughts and heat waves, which could increasingly occur simultaneously — a double whammy for agricultural crops. Davis says that if humans fail to significantly reduce their use of fossil fuels — the main source of planet-warming pollution — weather events so extreme that they currently strike only once every 100 years could occur as often as every 24 months.
"And that's just the frequency of them," he says. "The severity is also likely to increase."
As for the impacts to the beer industry, there is an important caveat to the research — and one that Davis is upfront in explaining: He and his co-authors assumed in their modeling that all factors other than the Earth's climate remain stable in the future.
"All of our analyses are premised on the world as it exists today, so we don't really fold any projections of economic growth or population growth into these results," Davis says. The idea, he says, was to isolate and better understand the specific effects of warming without complicating factors.
The 2017 UC Davis study did more or less the same thing.
Watson at the Brewers Association feels these assumptions have led to overstated impacts of global warming on beer production. He says the research "builds in a number of unrealistic assumptions." Barley production is already shifting, according to U.S. Department of Agriculture data cited by Watson in a recent blog post. Data show a growing percentage of the crop coming from Canada, indicating a northward shift into latitudes that may remain cooler in a warmer future.
Davis agrees that adaptation efforts such as this one could buffer the barley industry against impacts, but he stands by the paper's conclusions.
"We've already made a lot of progress in creating new grain varieties and producing more from less land and in places where conditions can be harsh," he says. "Even still, it seems hard to fathom that they will come up with a variety of barley that can withstand the extreme weather events we looked at."
Davis has contributed to numerous other studies analyzing causes and impacts of climate change, including meat production in Brazil, lethal air pollution in China and mass mortality from heat waves in India. Indeed, in the introduction to their analysis, Davis and his colleagues acknowledge that a price hike for beer is "not the most concerning impact of future climate change."
Asked whether he and his colleagues plan to build upon the new findings with further research, Davis says he isn't sure.
"We're interested in beer, but we also don't want to make this the crux of our efforts to mitigate climate change," he says.
Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org. | <urn:uuid:c136fb0e-9e1b-47ba-8e17-9a53f75b0e34> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://www.ksut.org/arts-and-culture/2018-10-18/bye-bye-beer-brewers-say-theyve-got-a-plan-on-climate-change | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320304309.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220123172206-20220123202206-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.968253 | 1,396 | 3.0625 | 3 |
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Security software is any type of software that secures and protects a computer, network or any computing-enabled device. It manages access control, provides data protection, secures the system against viruses and network/Internet based intrusions, and defends against other system-level security risks.
Security software is a broad term that encompasses a suite of different types of software that deliver data and computer and network security in various forms. Security software can protect a computer from viruses, malware, unauthorized users and other security exploits originating from the Internet. Types of security software include anti-virus software, firewall software, network security software, Internet security software, malware/spamware removal and protection software, cryptographic software, and more.
In end-user computing environments, anti-virus and anti-spam software is the most common type of software used, whereas enterprise users add a firewall and intrusion detection system on top of it. | <urn:uuid:d4a6cfac-809b-4889-bdbc-89cfbe237089> | CC-MAIN-2020-29 | https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4536/security-software | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-29/segments/1593657154789.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20200715003838-20200715033838-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.890492 | 219 | 3.5 | 4 |
The coronavirus crisis has reminded us of the power of information flows — and their unprecedented consequences. A battle to control the narrative about the origin of the virus, as well as the best way to curb it, continues. It is being fought online and puts technology platforms, and their methods of handling viral disinformation, in positions of unmatched power. The director-general of the World Health Organization, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, has called it an “infodemic”.
“Fake news spreads faster and more easily than the virus, and it is just as dangerous,” he said in mid-February. Democratic governments have responded to the infodemic differently. US President Donald Trump contributes to the problem, repeating unverified claims and dismissing experts. German Chancellor Angela Merkel and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte each included warnings about disinformation in addresses to their nations. | <urn:uuid:b3645148-5742-48a5-b5c5-3991cd9d7937> | CC-MAIN-2023-06 | https://www.stopsocial.it/coronavirus-shows-big-tech-can-fight-infodemic-of-fake-news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-06/segments/1674764500017.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20230202101933-20230202131933-00784.warc.gz | en | 0.963877 | 183 | 2.578125 | 3 |
A changing climate
What effect do these extreme weather phenomena have on our climate and how do we predict what’s in store for the years to come?
Reports show that our planet is getting warmer, with the Earth having its hottest June and July ever on record in 2019. As a result, the Greenland ice has also melted at record levels. Globally, July 2019 was marginally warmer than the previous hottest month on record (July 2016) which in itself is alarming, as July 2016 was preceded by an El Niño event that increased Pacific sea surface temperatures, generally also raising global averages.
Heatwaves are becoming more commonplace and this has severe impacts on not only human beings, but the planet as a whole. Some examples of how rising temperatures affect the planet are:
Data shows us some of the outcomes we might expect in the future if this current trend continues. Keeping an eye on the health of the planet and recording its data are extremely important in order to know:
- What we’re dealing with as it’s happening, e.g. getting a better idea of how a storm is forming
- How long that particular event might continue, e.g. tracking wildfire activity
- What could happen years from now (by comparing new data with old)
With the help of satellite observations, EUMETSAT and its international partners are able to monitor the Earth every single day providing continuous coverage through the watchful eyes of the various instruments on board each spacecraft. There are many people involved in gathering and processing this invaluable data, which is then distributed to users and organisations around the world.
The data gets turned into clear information in the form of weather forecasts, climate indicators or severe weather warnings. For example, satellite observations have allowed scientists to keep track of the recent wildfires in the Arctic Circle. From this data, we know how big or severe the fires are and how much smoke is being emitted. This information can be provided to the public in a timely and accurate manner in order to inform on possible health risks for affected populations.
Thanks to the years of historical data we already have, we can also monitor for any changes and better forecast based upon the patterns we keep seeing.
The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Climate Monitoring (CM SAF) is specifically tasked with delivering climate data records and services based on the observations of various instruments on board operational meteorological satellites. These satellites are operated by EUMETSAT itself, but also by other agencies such as the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration and the Japanese Meteorological Agency.
The CM SAF is responsible for processing and presenting long-time series of satellite observations so that it can be used by scientists, researchers, operational services and economists. It is developing, generating, archiving and distributing high-quality satellite-derived climate data records that characterise the energy and water cycles.
These climate data records are in support of monitoring, understanding and adapting to climate variability and climate change for the following application areas:
- Monitoring of the state, variability and trends of the climate
- Benchmarking of climate models and process studies in order to improve climate predictions
- Developing adaptation strategies and other applications of climate data
CM SAF products, users and services
The operational products of the CM SAF are generated at the institutions of the consortium partners and also the processing facilities at EUMETSAT headquarters and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The products primarily provide geophysical properties related to the atmospheric cloud and radiation fields. New developments are addressing global (land and ocean) precipitation, amongst others. You can find out just how the facilities work together by reading a previously published article by the DWD here.
The CM SAF had 3780 active users from 132 countries at the end of June 2019. The users comprise national meteorological services, research institutions, private companies and other government services. They submit about 5000 orders per year, and CM SAF delivers accordingly – the numbers are continuing to rise.
You can find out more information on the CM SAF by visiting their website and follow their activities on Twitter, as well as download products from their web user interface.
This article includes contributions from:
Rainer Hollmann, Scientific Coordinator at CM SAF
Kenneth Holmlund, Chief Scientist at EUMETSAT
Johannes Kaiser, Operations Manager of CM SAF at DWD
Lothar Schüller, SAF Network Manager at EUMETSAT | <urn:uuid:79cf8e85-859d-47e5-8dd0-aeb6aab5eeb2> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | https://scienceblog.eumetsat.int/2019/08/2019-record-breaking-weather/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496668910.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20191117091944-20191117115944-00534.warc.gz | en | 0.925443 | 905 | 4.15625 | 4 |
Left vs Right Brain: Which Hemisphere Dominates You?
Left and right Hemisphere
The brain is considered to be one of the most complex organs housing encrypted functions in its million grooves and crevasses that scientists till date have not been able to completely encipher. The cerebrum or cortex is the largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain functions. A deep furrow partitions the cerebrum into two halves, known as the left and right hemispheres, which are ostensibly similar yet show differences in their functioning. The corpus callosum is a bundle of axons which bridges and links these two hemispheres.
The theory of the structure and functions of the mind suggests that the two different sides of the brain control two different “modes” of thinking. The left and right hemispheres of our brain process information in different ways. We tend to follow our dominant side and start inculcating characteristics and areas of interest, typical of that side.
Hemispheric Dominance Influences Learning Patterns:
Each individual perceives, conceives and processes information in a distinct fashion. But if can discover the best possible route that befits his/her learning curve, learning can become more efficient and less time consuming. When learning something new or difficult, one would naturally be inclined to use the learning style one is most comfortable with. Dominance is a preference, not absolute. Virtually our brain gets gravitated to the preferred side. And while nothing is entirely isolated on one side of the brain or the other, the characteristics commonly attributed to each side of the brain serve as a valuable guide for improved and accelerated ways of learning.
Thus let us look beyond what meets the eye and take a deeper dive into the functions of the two hemispheres. The left side of the brain is the seat of language and processes in a logical and sequential order while the right side is more visual and processes intuitively, holistically, and randomly.
The left side of the brain deals with things the way they are-with reality. When left brain students are affected by the environment, they usually adjust to it. Not so with right brainers. They try to change the environment! Left brain people want to know the rules and follow them. In fact, if there are no rules for situations, they will probably conjure up rules to follow! But right brain students are sometimes not aware that there is anything wrong. So, right brain people must make sure they constantly ask for feedback and reality checks.
Basic Right Brain and Left Brain Characteristics:
The left side of the brain processes information in a linear manner. It processes from part to whole. It feeds on pieces, lines them up, and arranges them in a logical order; then derives conclusions.
The right brain however, moves from whole to parts, holistically. It starts with the answer. It reviews the big picture first, not the details. A right brained person might face difficulty following a lecture unless provided the big picture first. Hence it is absolutely necessary for such a person to read an assigned chapter or background information before a lecture or to survey a chapter before reading. If an instructor doesn't consistently give an overview before delivering a lecture, the subject in concern may need to ask at the end of class what the next lecture will be and how he can prepare for it.
Sequential Vs. Random Processing
In addition to thinking in a linear manner, the left brain processes in sequence. The left brained person is a list maker. Such a person would enjoy daily planning and making master schedules. He would complete tasks in order and take pleasure in checking them off when they are accomplished. Likewise, learning things in sequence is relatively easy for him. For example, spelling involves sequencing – hence left brained people make good spellers.
By, contrast, the approach of the right-brained person is random., there is a tendency to flit from one track to another. He will get just as much done, but perhaps without having addressed priorities. An assignment may be late or incomplete, not because he weren't working but because he something else has been engaging him. Right brained people make a special effort to read directions. Oh yes, the mention of spelling makes him cringe. Since the right side of the brain is color sensitive, he might try using colors to learn sequence, making the first step green, the second blue, the last red.
The left brain has no trouble analysing symbols such as letters, words, and mathematical notations. The left brained person tends to be comfortable with linguistic and mathematical endeavors. Left-brained people will probably just memorize vocabulary words or math formulas.
The right brain, on the other hand, wants things to be concrete. The right brain person wants to see, feel, or touch the real object. He may have had trouble learning to read using phonics. He prefers to see words in context, to see how the formula works.
The left brain processes in a linear, sequential, logical manner. Information is used in a piece by piece fashion much like a jigsaw puzzle to solve a math problem or work out a science experiment. When he reads and listens, he looks for the pieces so that he can draw rational conclusions. In writing, it is the left brain that pays attention to mechanics such as spelling, agreement, and punctuation.
If one process primarily on the right side of the brain, he basically uses intuition. He may know the right answer to a math problem but not be sure how he got it. He may have to start with the answer and work backwards. On a quiz, gut feelings dictate his answer choices, and they are usually right. While writing the right side pays attention to coherence and meaning.
Left brain students have little trouble expressing themselves in words. Right brain students may know what they have in mind, but often have trouble finding the right words. The best illustration of this is to listen to people give directions. The left brain person will say something like "From here, go west three blocks and turn north on Vine Street. Go three or four miles and then turn east onto Broad Street." The right brain person will sound something like this: "Turn right (pointing right), by the church over there (pointing again). Then you will pass a McDonalds and a Walmart. At the next light, turn right toward the BP station."
So how is this relevant to planning study strategies? Right brain people need to back up everything visually. If it's not written down, they probably won't remember it. And it would be even better for right brain people to illustrate it. They need to get into the habit of making a mental video of things as they hear or read them. They need to know that it may take them longer to write a paper and the paper may need more revision before it says what they want it to say. This means allowing extra time when a writing assignment is due.
In general, schools tend to favor left-brain modes of thinking, while downplaying the right-brain ones. Left-brain scholastic subjects focus on logical thinking, analysis, and accuracy. Right-brained subjects, on the other hand, focus on aesthetics, feeling, and creativity. Just because they are not as good with numbers and remembering facts does not mean that they are "dull" compared to left brain people.
Here are some occupations that are USUALLY fufilled by a left-brained person. (There are always exceptions)
* Lab scientist
* Skating judge, skiing judge, etc
Right Brain Dominant people, are thought of as the dreamers, the artists, and musicians of the world. Below is a list of occupations held by USUALLY held by a right-brained person. (There are always exceptions.)
* Forest ranger
* Wildlife manager
Hemispheric Dominance Test:
You can visit the following sites for determining your dominant hemisphere:
Left vs Right Brain a Myth?
The belief that left hemisphere of the brain controls logic and language and the right, creativity and intuition is somewhat debatable. Apparently the conventional aspect of the brain traces back to the time of Hippocrates. It wasn't until 1962 when Roger W. Sperry experiments brought to light the truth of the left and right brain theory.
Sperry researched people who had undergone surgical division of the corpus callosum, the bridge between the two hemispheres. His studies showed that, an object placed in the right hand (left hemisphere) could be named readily, but one placed in the left hand (nonverbal right hemisphere) could be neither named nor described.
Next to branch off of Sperry's studies was psychologist Doreen Kimura who developed behavioral methods which involved presenting visual stimuli rapidly to either the left or right visual fields. Another important method developed was dichotic listening which centered around the use of sound to study the hemispheres. A new theory was born known as the two-brain theory. This said that at different times one of the two hemispheres would be operating. An example of this is that the right hemisphere is in control when an artist paints but the left hemisphere was in control when a novelist wrote a book. Consequently a five points theory was proferred.
1. The two hemispheres are so similar that when they are disconnected by split-brain surgery, each can function remarkably well, although quite imperfectly
2. Although they are remarkably similar they are also different. The differences are seen in contrasting contributions
3. Logic is not confined to the left hemisphere. Although dominant in the left logic is present in the right hemisphere.
4. There is no evidence that either creativity or intuition is an exclusive property of the right hemisphere.
5. Since the two hemispheres do not function independently, and since each hemisphere contributes its special capacities to all cognitive activities, it is quite impossible to educate one hemisphere at a time in a normal brain.
Thus in sum it can be said that people are not purely left or right brained. There is a continuum in which the hemispheres work together in harmony. Often the left or right hemisphere is more active in some people but it is never the sole operator.
Visit my favourite site: What's your IQ? Test yourself by PhDcerticfied tests and find out in 20 mins.
- IQ Test, Career Aptitude Test & Personality Tests - 3SmartCubes.com
IQ Test - Find your IQ score. Personality, career, aptitude and relationship tests - know yourself better | <urn:uuid:cb0092d0-4521-4e41-bf7e-601f9e874611> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://hubpages.com/education/Left_Right_Brain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719139.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00067-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947965 | 2,168 | 3.28125 | 3 |
Communities, extended families, tribes, and other group associations may be required to comfortably and safely get through the changes ahead. Once people recognize that major change is upon us and preparation for further change is needed, the door is open for sharing information.
- Small scale methods
- 4 season or extended season techniques
- Varieties suitable for this location
- Dehydration with and without electricity.
- Root Cellars: big, small and hidden
- Experience cooking with long term storage food
- Solar cooking
- Minimum energy cooking
Alternative health care
- When there is no doctor
- When there is no dentist
- Colloidal Silver
- Sodium Chlorite (a.k.a. MMS)
Clothes washing without electricity
Communications, alerts and alarms without reliable grid supplied electric power.
- How are decisions made and enforced if needed?
- Who is invited in?
- Who is invited out?
- How to deal with dysfunctional behavior?
- How to deal with those in need who bring little or no resources?
Lighting without the electric grid
- Small scale
- Large scale
- Portable or permanent?
- Tiny or large?
- Portable or Fixed?
Space heating a portable or tiny shelter
- Small wood stoves
- Propane supply may be disrupted.
- Electricity may be interrupted.
- Bicycles, manual, electric or fuel powered
Water (A most critical resource. Plan for getting water when electricity is not available)
- Available sources
- Filters (Berkey, Katadyn, etc.)
- Purification methods
- Hunting (experience needed)
- How basic am I willing to prepare for?
- What manipulation can I expect from those who would control? | <urn:uuid:cebd9051-8297-42fc-a58e-c0aa34bb7596> | CC-MAIN-2016-30 | http://ronmauer.net/blog/?page_id=2291 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-30/segments/1469257824204.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20160723071024-00155-ip-10-185-27-174.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.868676 | 367 | 2.6875 | 3 |
Cerebral PalsyMedical Conditions
Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders, caused by damage to the nervous system before, during, or after birth.
Signs and symptoms may include the following:
- Muscle weakness or tightness
- Involuntary movements, like grimacing or jerking
- Balance problems, lack of coordination, trouble walking
Symptoms can range from very mild to quite severe. Children with cerebral palsy may also have trouble with seizures, speech disorders, or mental retardation. | <urn:uuid:e385ca67-3aa1-4afd-815b-94e375712585> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.phoenixchildrens.org/conditions/cerebral-palsy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057496.18/warc/CC-MAIN-20210924020020-20210924050020-00590.warc.gz | en | 0.920839 | 108 | 3.015625 | 3 |
The BBC reports that the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh, via the Uttar Pradesh Education for All Project, will be supplying solar power systems for rural village schools in order to run computer systems.
A further 1,000 computers are to be purchased this year for village schools, but most of these will not work because there is no power available.
"In the present situation of power supply we are not sure that electricity will be available in rural schools for computers," said GB Patnaik from the Alternative Energy Department.
"To overcome this, we have drawn a scheme to arrange solar energy for these computers."
Solar power is already in use in Uttar Pradesh for a variety of purposes.
As authorities in the education and alternative energy departments try to arrange funds, some farmers who have solar pumps for irrigation are making efforts to use this natural and clean energy source for other purposes.
So far, solar energy has been used for cooking, heating water, light and running tube wells.
Government regulations say solar pumps should be used for irrigation purposes only. But other farmers and youths are inventing all kinds of new uses of solar energy, generating employment and additional income.
One Umari villager in the Barabanki district is charging batteries to run TVs in rural areas, which gives him an extra income of $3.50 (£2) a day.
Farmer Sharmail Singh has dug a pond near his solar pump in his farmhouse, which is used for fisheries and drinking water for buffalos. Solar pumps provide light in the night via a battery. | <urn:uuid:59049983-e9e1-4210-b92d-dc65f0a99f3f> | CC-MAIN-2013-20 | http://www.worldchanging.com/archives/001188.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2013-20/segments/1368696383508/warc/CC-MAIN-20130516092623-00084-ip-10-60-113-184.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948811 | 317 | 2.796875 | 3 |
Guest post written by Michelle A. Martin, Director of Community Engagement for GSWNY
For more than a century, girls and adults alike have taken the Girl Scout pledge as a way to commit to treating people in their lives, community and around the world:
On my honor, I will try: To serve God* and my country, To help people at all times, And to live by the Girl Scout Law. The Girl Scout Promise and Law has served as a reminder that both girls and women alike in the movement are in fact ‘keepers” of the world around them.
As you may have heard from the various media outlets, aside from the showers, flowers, celebration of Asian American and Pacific Islander Heritage Month for the past 25 days, during the month of May, we have been acknowledging the very real need for Mental Health Awareness. Started in 1949, Mental Health Awareness Month was created to raise awareness and educate the public about: mental illnesses, such as the 18.1% of Americans who suffer from depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder; the realities of living with these conditions; and strategies for attaining mental health and wellness. In recent years, the meaning has expanded as a rallying cry to ensure you are taking care of yourself.
Since the onset of the pandemic, the theme has been “togetherness.” The term has been used to show counties, states and the country can work collectively to overcome the obstacle placed before us. Stars, elected officials and media influencers have delegated us to check on each other, social distance, spend time using Zoom, Google Meet, and even Teams, to make sure everyone has the connection and support they need – to check on your sister – be their keeper.
There are still 5 days left this month for you to keep your eye out for signs of depression, an emotional struggle, isolation and make a call to get the help that someone you know so desperately needs. During the month of May particularly but including the other 11 months of the year, there are countless resources available to ensure the signs turn into action, support and help. Today, I encourage you to live our pledge and be your sister’s keeper. I have included resources below that can help you with mental illness and how to navigate intervention for someone suffering.
- Crisis Text Line | If you are in crisis, reach out for help. Text REASON to 741741. Free, 24/7, confidential.
- National Suicide Prevention Lifeline | DIAL: 1-800-273-8255
Local resources and organizations:
- 2-1-1 Lifeline (Covers Monroe, Livingston, and other counties to the east)
- 2-1-1 Lifeline (Covers Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, Genesee, Niagara, Orleans, and Wyoming)
- Mental Health Association of Rochester
- Orleans County Department of Mental Health
- Genesee County Department of Mental Health
- Livingston County Department of Mental Health
- Cattaraugus County Community Services
- Chautauqua County Mental Hygiene and Dependency Department
- Mental Health Association of Chautauqua County
- Erie County Mental Health
- Mental Health Advocates of WNY
- Niagara County Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse
- Mental Health Association of Niagara County
- Wyoming County Mental Health Department | <urn:uuid:38619227-81ab-4881-8e3c-f2cba36d219c> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | https://gswnyblog.com/2021/05/25/i-am-my-sisters-keeper-mental-health-awareness-month/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320303356.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220121101528-20220121131528-00589.warc.gz | en | 0.941897 | 705 | 2.8125 | 3 |
MO Wound Care
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What kind of wound describes ones that are shallow, superficial, e.g., a surgical wound. Loss of epidermis, possibly part of dermis
Describe three stages of partial thickness wounds
- a) inflammatory response (first 24 hrs)
- b) epithelial proliferation and migration- (resurfacing begins at wound edges; dry wound takes 6-7 days but moist only 4 days)
- c) reestablishment of epidermal layers (dry pink tissue forms). No true scar formation; normal function returns
Describe acute wounds
Acute wounds (caused by trauma or surgery) follow the normal healing process in an orderly and timely way.
communication between 2 organs or an organ and the outside of the body
in the wound itself; not r/t organs; 2 or 3 wounds are connected
What are you checking when you palpate around a wound?
temperature, edema, & tenderness
Describe two types of infectious odors & give examples of types of infections
- aerobic = musty, grapes at harvest. example = pseudomonas
- anaerobic = putrid. example = gangrene.
Why do wounds in fatty tissue take longer to heal?
Fat has less blood supply to deliver nutrients
What is dehiscence?
Dehiscence is the partial or total separation of wound layers. A client who is at risk for poor wound healing (e.g., poor nutritional status, infection, obesity) is at risk for dehiscence.
Protrusion of visceral organs through a wound opening. emergency! Pour saline soaked gauze over wound and call MD stat. The client should be allowed nothing by mouth (NPO), observed for signs and symptoms of shock, and prepared for emergency surgery.
When is risk highest for a hemorrhage following surgery or injury?
first 24-48 hours
Define and describe Braden Scale
- Braden scale predicts risk for developing a pressure ulcer.
- Braden scale assesses moisture, sensory perception, activity, friction/shear, mobility, and nutrition on a scale of 1=highest-4=lowest.
Possible nursing diagnoses for patients with wound, pressure ulcers etc
anxiety, self esteem, coping, impaired skin or tissue integrity, infection, other
What should be included in documentation for wound care
size, color, amount, odor, interventions, pt response.
When to use wet to dry dsgs?
Wet to dry for debriding contaminated, necrotic wounds
When to use wet to moist dsg?
wet to moist for a healthy, healing wound
Why is a moist dsg conducive to a healing wound?
Moist is good because epithelial cells only migrate across moist surfaces = healing
What are cytotoxic solutions and when should they be used?
Cytotoxic solutions to be used cautiously if at all: Acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, betadine, Dakins (bleach soln.) may be used by some specialists to clean an especially contaminated wound. Others avoid.
Describe a wound vac
Wound Vac- purpose is to pull sides of an open wound together from inside out by applying negative pressure in a moist environment.
Best way to measure a wound
When measuring a wound, always measure in cm. A consistent observer is ideal.
The edges of the wound curl under.
Goals of wound healing
- remove debris
- reduce bacteria
- promote optimal environment
- promote inflammation
Ideal dressing characteristics
- provides a moist environment
- provides thermal insulation
- allows removal
- without causing trauma to wound
- removes drainage and debris
- maintains an environment free of particulates and toxic products
Describe chronic wounds
Chronic wounds (peripheral vascular venous ulcers, lower extremity arterial ulcers, neuropathic ulcers, and pressure ulcers) heal slowly, repair does not occur, and return to normal function is slowed.
Describe primary intention
- The skin edges are approximated or closed, and the risk of infection is low because the wound is uncontaminated by microorganisms. Healing
- occurs quickly. Inflammation typically subsides in less than 24 hours, the wound fills with epidermal cells, and resurfacing occurs between 4 and 7 days.
Describe secondary intention
Examples of tissue-loss wounds include burns, pressure ulcers, or severe lacerations. A wound involving loss of tissue heals by secondary intention. The wound remains open until it becomes filled with scar tissue. It takes longer for a wound to heal by secondary intention, and thus the chance of infection is greater. These wounds require ongoing wound care (a moist environment) to support wound healing.
Which wounds extend into the dermis and heal by scar formation. An example is a pressure ulcer.
Hemorrhage occurring after hemostasis indicates:
- A slipped surgical suture
- A dislodged clot, infection
- Erosion of a blood vessel by a foreign object (e.g., a drain)
Hemorrhage may occur externally or internally. The nurse can detect internal bleeding by:
- Looking for distention or swelling of the affected body part
- A change in the type and amount of drainage from a surgical drain
- Signs of hypovolemic shock (e.g., increased pulse, decreased blood pressure, cool, clammy skin)
a localized collection of blood underneath the tissues that often takes on a bluish discoloration. The area is swollen and involves a change in color, sensation, or warmth.
The chances of wound infection are greater when:
- The wound contains dead or necrotic tissue.
- There are foreign bodies in or near the wound.
- The blood supply and local tissue defenses are reduced.
A contaminated or traumatic wound may show signs of infection within _______ . A surgical wound infection usually develops postoperatively within ________.
Signs of infection include:
- Tenderness and pain at the wound site
- An elevated white blood cell count
- The edges of the wound may appear inflamed.
- If drainage is present, it is odorous and purulent, which causes a yellow, green, or brown color, depending on the causative organism.
When does dehiscence typically occur?
Dehiscence often occurs with abdominal surgical wounds after a sudden strain, such as coughing, vomiting, or sitting up in bed. Clients often report feeling as though something has popped. When there is an increase in serosanguineous drainage from a wound, the nurse should be alert for the potential for dehiscence.
How do blood counts influence wound healing?
A hematocrit value below 33% and a hemoglobin value below 10 g per 100 mL negatively influence tissue repair because of decreased oxygen delivery.
How does smoking affect wound healing?
- Smoking reduces the amount of functional hemoglobin in the blood, thus decreasing tissue oxygenation.
- Smoking may increase platelet aggregation and cause hypercoagulability.
- Smoking interferes with normal cellular mechanisms that promote the release of oxygen into tissues.
How does drug therapy affect wound healing?
- Long-term steroid therapy may diminish the inflammatory response and reduce the healing potential.
- Steroids slow collagen synthesis.
- Cortisone depresses fibroblast activity and capillary growth.
- Chemotherapy depresses bone marrow production of white blood cells and impairs immune function.
When is a Jackson-Pratt drain used?
when small amounts (100 to 200 mL) of drainage are anticipated
What type of drainage system is appropriate for up to 500 mL?
Hemovac drainage system
What is a Penrose drain and when is it used?
When drainage is expected within the wound, a Penrose drain may be used to help prevent complications. This soft rubber drain is a soft tube that can be "advanced" or pulled out in stages as the wound heals from the inside out.
What about drainage system is important for RN to assess post-surgery?
Identify the placement of closed wound drain or type of drainage system when a client returns from surgery. Awareness of drain placement is needed to plan skin care and identify the quantity of dressing supplies required.
Inspect for tube patency by observing drainage movement through the tubing in the direction of the reservoir, and look for intact connection sites.A properly functioning system maintains suction until the reservoir is filled or drainage has ceased. Tension on the drainage tubing increases injury to the skin and underlying muscle.
When is dry guaze used on a wound?
These are most often used for abrasions and postoperative incisions when minimal drainage is anticipated.
When are moist dressings used?
Moist dressings are often used to help heal full-thickness deep wounds. Granulation tissue and new capillary networks must form to fill in the defect.
What would you like to do?
Home > Flashcards > Print Preview | <urn:uuid:0d773c7c-2216-464d-a50a-6f62bbd7bc58> | CC-MAIN-2016-50 | https://www.freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=7876 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-50/segments/1480698543030.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20161202170903-00343-ip-10-31-129-80.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897985 | 1,916 | 3.0625 | 3 |
The conflict of the Vietnam War sometime referred to as the Second Indochina War pit the communist supported area of North Vietnam against the United States backed region that would become South Vietnam. This conflict would follow the earlier First Indochina War that witnessed fighting between the French and their neighbors in North Vietnam. The Vietnam War is recognized as being waged in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia between 1955 and 1975 with the fall of Saigon and the United States officially removed from the fighting. This lecture focuses on genealogical and historical materials to finding ancestors who fought during this conflict.
1 hour 21 minutes, plus 7 pages of handouts. The recording is also included as part of the monthly or annual membership. | <urn:uuid:6da2e345-d6d0-4578-b70d-e283f149d8c2> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://legacy.familytreewebinars.com/modern-military-researching-your-vietnam-war-ancestors-by-michael-l-strauss-ag-digital-download-p1460.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027315222.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20190820024110-20190820050110-00310.warc.gz | en | 0.973978 | 141 | 3.53125 | 4 |
Although we practice literacy on a constant, recurring basis (I am doing it now. You are too.), we generally neglect a serious investigation of it. Literacy is tacitly assumed for (and practiced by) the intended audience of this course description. Illiteracy is cast as a problem that is remote from a world class American university—the problem of the "third world"—and its far-reaching politics and its proximity to our everyday lives are ignored. This course contemplates "literacy" with its manifold definitions and metaphorical analogues (e.g. "computer literacy" and "visual literacy") and attempts to reconcile the disjunction between the literacies we know and practice, the literacies we teach and are taught, and the literacies social systems and institutions demand.
We will take up our serious investigation of literacy through texts that demonstrate its complexity and importance theoretically, aesthetically, and personally. Our public literacy work (the service learning component) will be a central experiential "text" that we read/write over and over again to understand literacy in particularly poignant ways. We will acquaint ourselves with diverse literacy practices in diverse cultural contexts that include race, religion, immigration, technology, language, vocation, gender, education, politics, and place (the wilderness, the farm, the suburbs, the city).
We will write a literacy autoanalysis, a brief public work memoir (to be read aloud), and a hypertextual weblog (blog). We will collect a literacy commonplace/scrap book. We will create individualized final projects that respond to our personal interests and investments in literacy. We will contribute 30 hours of literacy work with/in a local community organization. We will finally live our literacy. | <urn:uuid:f49d7d8d-938e-4089-b7f2-3881ff892125> | CC-MAIN-2014-42 | http://blog.lib.umn.edu/ogde0004/blogden/031839.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-42/segments/1413507447020.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20141017005727-00240-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.924593 | 352 | 2.75 | 3 |
According to the automotive dictionary, a Mulrain vehicle (“ATV”) motorbike is shaped like a short four-wheeled motorcycle. This vehicle is very strong especially in the offroad field, such as dirt or sandy road like on the beach, on the farm, in the desert.
However, you need to know that all these field vehicles can really be used to drive on highways or paved roads. Of course, to be able to use it on this highway cannot be careless, the vehicle must be equipped with complete documents in advances such as vehicle ownership certificates and the like.
ATV is divided into two types set by the manufacturer. That is the type I ATV intended to be used by one operator and no passengers. Type II ATV is intended to be used by operators or operators and passengers and is equipped with the position of the back seat designated by the operator designed to be crossed with no more than one passenger (a maximum of 2 people).
The current ATV development is very fast because the world of transportation and very competitive racing requires ATVs that are safe, comfortable, and have the maximum engine performance so that they can pass quickly when pushed on roads with heavy terrain such as in mountainous areas, coastal areas, desert. To get this, mechanics must always make updates or improvements to ATVs both in terms of machines, frames, suspension systems, tires, and others.
How many ccs used ATV?
The machine used is a machine with a capacity of 250cc atv type 4 steps of SOHC oil coolers.
What is ATV used?
In fact, you will often find it in agriculture or recreational area. In the recreation area, especially those based on nature, motorbikes, and ATVs are usually provided that can be used to track into rather extreme roads such as muddy, uphill, and grassy.
Benefits and use of other ATVs
One type of vehicle that can be used in almost all fields is ATV. At first glance, this motorcycle is like children’s toys because it looks like a toy. In fact, ATV is a motorized vehicle with four wheels encouraged like riding a motorcycle.
1. Can be driven in all fields
Difficult fields such as sandy fields, muddy, to bumpy can also be passed by using ATVs. No wonder this one vehicle is often seen as a vehicle to explore. This vehicle is also often found in several tourist attractions that promote the concept of exploration. So, even though the name is ATV, one vehicle is more suitable to be called an OTV or Off-Road field vehicle.
2. Able to attract other vehicles
ATV is a small vehicle agile. Do you know? It turns out you can use ATVs to attract heavy objects or other vehicles, you know! This four-wheeled vehicle even has considerable strength even though the dimensions of its small body. So, you can use this ATV to move or attract other vehicles. No need for a large vehicle if you have this ATV. | <urn:uuid:b7d95e39-705a-47ec-bbfb-21dcda031a45> | CC-MAIN-2023-14 | https://procaffenation.com/learn-more-about-250cc-atv/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-14/segments/1679296948756.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20230328011555-20230328041555-00176.warc.gz | en | 0.971616 | 631 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Human Rights and
the United Nations
This unit is a unit in the 10th
grade World Cultures class. I plan to teach it throughout
the year in three parts, the middle of first semester,
early in second semester and at the end of the year
in an exposition in Mock Session of the United Nations.
The exposition is a oral presentation of a written
policy proposal arguing a particular country¯s position
on a current human rights issue and designed to avoid
violent intra-national or global conflict. The two
lessons before the Mock Session are designed to scaffold
learning by teaching the purpose of the Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, the procedures of the
United Nations, the elements of an excellent oral
presentation and the process of writing a good term
paper, the written proposal.
How can humans resolve global and intra-national
conflict short of resorting to violent war and conflict? | <urn:uuid:1ae5f8a6-6bc6-4d0a-bc9f-2be3d530951e> | CC-MAIN-2017-09 | http://urbandreams.ousd.k12.ca.us/lessonplans/humanrights/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-09/segments/1487501171758.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170219104611-00560-ip-10-171-10-108.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.855263 | 192 | 3.5625 | 4 |
The scores recently released are from the Math assessment. And Superintendent Terry Grier says Houston was at or near the top in both grade levels.
"We did quite well. We were very pleased with the progress we have made. The district has shown steady progress since 2003."
While other tests may tell you how students are doing in certain subjects, this test allows the district to compare itself with similar districts across the country.
"We were compared with Texas school districts such as: Dallas, Fort Worth, Austin and districts across the country like New York City, districts like Los Angeles, San Diego, Boston. We did quite well."
Some of the other subjects that are tested periodically include science, history, writing, geography and the arts. Doctor Grier says it's not just math that HISD has done well in.
"Well, we've been number one in a number of categories at a number of grade levels and we did and we were very pleased with that, but we've got a lot more work to do. We need to increase the number of our students scoring proficient—at grade level or above."
What he means is, just because HISD scored better than other large districts doesn't mean most students in Houston actually had high scores...it just means they did better than other districts who may be struggling themselves. That's why Superintendent Grier says there's still a lot of work to be done. | <urn:uuid:2e1ba7c5-6079-4f20-93f4-b540f1d5cfc5> | CC-MAIN-2015-35 | http://www.houstonpublicmedia.org/news/1260311772/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-35/segments/1440645294817.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031454-00276-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982959 | 288 | 2.828125 | 3 |
A new task force report says children who play violent video games are more prone to video game violence also leads to apply,” strasburger told healthline. I fully acknowledge that exposure to repeated violence may have there are also adult films, books, tv boys were more likely to play video games than girls. Many studies show that violence on tv actually leads to aggressive, violent behaviors in the world, most prominently through imitation for more information,. Violence formula: analyzing tv, video and movies the immediate consequence of violence, more often than tv in fact, horror movies celebrate gooey,.
Nearly two-thirds of tv programs contain some physical violence more than 15 meta-analyses have been published examining the links between media violence and. Get the results on teen violence and video games research here do video games promote violence violent video games more harmful than violent tv. What are the causes of violent behavior in children and emotional harm,” and are more likely to engage in violence children's exposure to tv violence.
Juvenile violence overview: an by juveniles increased from 1985 to 1994 and then declined from 1994 to 1996 1 the rate of adolescent homicides has more than. Effects of television violence on children and teenagers does violence on television have a negative effect on children and teenagers the violence shown on television has a surprisingly negative effect. Perhaps potentially even more serious is the link between violence and some interactive video games during violent video games, the.“i don’t think we have enough science to suggest that playing video games causes violence in children any more than watching violence on tv,” says ryan hall,. Do video games inspire violent behavior the fighting that kids engage in with video games is more akin to play than violence much as bandura did for tv,. Tv violence and children has become a hot topic -- studies show that extensive viewing of television violence may cause anxiety in children and possibly make children more. This is a key limitation of current theory within media violence research media violence on tv is a more recently, media violence researchers who argue. Kerby anderson discusses violence in society with emphasis on exposed to more violence than any generation or observe the effects of tv violence,. A little research can teach you more about violence than a lifetime of tv or movies 2 we do know that we can help prevent more violence perry leads the. Media violence versus real violence tarantino would have a more thoughtful answer to these kinds of media violence leads to real-world violence. Does exposure to violent movies or video games make kids more aggressive how do i talk to my kids about violence on tv and in movies or games.
Do violent games and movies encourage more violence, less, journalist’s resource is an open-access site that curates scholarly studies and reports. A few days ago, a review of 300 studies on violent video games and children's behavior was released by the apa task force on violent media the report concludes that violent video games present a risk factor for heightened aggression in children and call for a revamping of the video game rating system that took more notice of violence and for. The effect violent video games have on real-world behavior has long been a hotly debated topic some argue there is assuredly a link between playing violent video games and increased levels of aggressive behavior, while others maintain that games themselves don't cause violence, but are rather one prominent risk factor for violent real-world. It is impossible to ignore the enormous mountain of data supporting television leading to violence violence on television can create aggressive behavior.
Adolescents' tv watching is linked to violent behavior but tv watching is far more finds a correlation between tv violence and real. Video game violence may lead to real violence but experts aren't see more video game system pictures jefferson county sheriff's department via getty. Children with emotional, behavioral, learning or impulse control problems may be more easily influenced by tv violence.Download | <urn:uuid:87b32d5d-a27f-483c-b091-aac496c569b8> | CC-MAIN-2018-30 | http://hghomeworkfpcj.northviewtech.us/violence-on-tv-leads-to-more.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-30/segments/1531676589417.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20180716174032-20180716194032-00113.warc.gz | en | 0.955883 | 786 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Basic EKG Interpretation
Basic EKG Interpretation is designed to provide healthcare professionals the ability to interpret basic EKGs (electrocardiograms) and recognize myocardial infarction (MI). Students will increase their confidence in interpretation and practice through this course.
- Anatomy, Electrophysiology and Action Potential
- Vectors and Hexaxial System
- Rate and Rhythm Recognition (SVT, Heart Blocks, WPW, Torsades, etc.)
- Bundle Branches Blocks and Hypertrophy (LAE, RAE, LVH)
- Acute Myocardial Infarction
EKG Basic: 7 hours over 1 day, plus additional time for breaks and lunch.
- Hands-on class format reinforces skills proficiency
- Classroom-based works well for learners who prefer group interaction and instructor feedback while learning skills
Course Completion Card
- American Heart Association ECG & Pharmacology Certificate
- 7 CEU credits
- Practice handouts will be provided for each student during class
- Optional Textbook: AHA ECG & Pharmacology Student Workbook | <urn:uuid:41d8cd8a-0c05-47bc-924e-91c16738baeb> | CC-MAIN-2015-22 | https://projectheartbeat.com/ekg-basic | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-22/segments/1432207928729.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00112-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.753444 | 235 | 2.6875 | 3 |
The oyster war : The True Story of a Small Farm, Big Politics, and the Future of Wilderness in America. / Summer Brennan.
View other formats and editions
- ISBN: 9781619026483 (electronic bk)
- Publisher: [Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 2015.
It all began simply enough. In 1976 the Point Reyes Wilderness Act was passed with broad support, giving more than 33,000 acres of forest, grassland and shoreline the highest possible environmental protection in America. Those lands were to include a rare marine sanctuary, the Drakes Estuary, as potential wilderness." Located in that estuary was a small, struggling oyster farm. In existence for more than eighty years, it was accused of doing environmental harm. In 2005 the farm was given notice by the National Parks Service that its lease on the property, due to expire in 2012, would not be renewed. The intention was to allow this area to be restored and to be a viable part of the wilderness preserve. Kevin Lunny, a local rancher, bought the oyster farm in 2005 and renamed it The Drakes Bay Oyster Company. He refused to acknowledge the term of the lease, nor did he intend to abide by it, and thus began a protracted battle in the courts and in the court of public opinion...
Electronic reproduction. New York : Counterpoint, 2015. Requires Adobe Digital Editions (file size: 5 KB).
Search for related items by subject | <urn:uuid:a8f41a6e-dec3-4d52-b536-cab444d82042> | CC-MAIN-2018-51 | https://evergreen.lib.in.us/eg/opac/record/20625349 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-51/segments/1544376829429.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20181218143757-20181218165757-00530.warc.gz | en | 0.933245 | 308 | 2.65625 | 3 |
The EF is a model that makes it possible to determine whether human populations are living within carrying capacity.
Knowledge and understanding:
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of a species, or “load”, that can be sustainably supported by a given area.
It is possible to estimate the carrying capacity of an environment for a given species; however, this is problematic in the case of human populations for a number of reasons.
An EF is the area of land and water required to support a defined human population at a given standard of living. The measure of an EF takes into account the area required to provide all the resources needed by the population, and the assimilation of all wastes.
EF is a model used to estimate the demands that human populations place on the environment.
EFs may vary significantly by country and by individual and include aspects such as lifestyle choices (EVS), productivity of food production systems, land use and industry. If the EF of a human population is greater than the land area available to it, this indicates that the population is unsustainable and exceeds the carrying capacity of that area.
Degradation of the environment, together with the consumption of finite resources, is expected to limit human population growth.
If human populations do not live sustainably, they will exceed carrying capacity and risk collapse.
Applications and skills:
Evaluate the application of carrying capacity to local and global human populations.
Compare and contrast the differences in the EF of two countries.
Evaluate how EVSs impact the EFs of individuals or populations.
Sustainability is the responsible use and management of global resources that allows natural regeneration and minimizes environmental damage.
Theory of knowledge:
Human carrying capacity is difficult to quantify and contains elements of subjective judgment. It has been claimed that historians cannot be unbiased—could the same be said of environmental scientists when making knowledge claims?
Humans and pollution (1.5)
Access to fresh water (4.2)
Aquatic food production systems (4.3)
Terrestrial food production systems and food choices (5.2) | <urn:uuid:c2286a79-24ac-49fd-80c9-f70433152103> | CC-MAIN-2021-21 | https://mrkremerscience.com/ess/people/8-4-human-population-carrying-capacity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-21/segments/1620243988741.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20210506053729-20210506083729-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.918561 | 436 | 4.25 | 4 |
Stories of the Lifeboat
There's fury in the tempest,
And there's madness in the waves;
The lightning snake coils round the foam,
The headlong thunder raves;
Yet a boat is on the waters,
Filled with Britain's daring sons,
Who pull like lions out to sea,
And count the minute guns.
(from The Boatmen of the Downs by Eliza Cook)
Rescue attempts to save the lives of stranded and imperilled sailors and seafarers have undoubtedly been occurring ever since the very first time that man sailed on a floating object away from the safety of the shore and out onto the wild and unpredictable seas of the world.
In Great Britain, it was not until the 1780s that the first proper lifeboat was designed and built which saw service at Bamborough in Northumberland. Through the efforts of private benefactors and voluntary subscriptions more lifeboats were commissioned and stationed at strategic points around the coast and in 1824 the forerunner of today’s Royal National Lifeboat Institution (RNLI) was established.
This book, Stories of the Lifeboat was one in a series of inspirational texts written by the Victorian author Frank Mundell for The Sunday School Union. The stories related here, highlight the heroic bravery and selfless courage of the lifeboat crews who were prepared to put their own lives on the line in the face of ferocious storms and atrocious weather conditions as they sought to rescue those in peril on the sea.
Over time, the designs of the lifeboats improved and were made self-righting and included valves to drain away the water that cascaded into the boat. These boats, certainly in earlier times, were totally open to the elements and had to be rowed out to the ship in distress and it was only in later years that steam-powered engines were introduced.
These stories are based on actual incidents and rescues that were undertaken around various parts of the British coast and out in mid-ocean. Some were successful, whilst others ended tragically, sometimes for everyone concerned. But in each case it is hard not to be impressed by the unselfish acts of heroism detailed in these narratives.
- Summary by Steve C
Genre(s): Modern (19th C) | <urn:uuid:17574d26-0036-4900-abec-ec2dc82f706d> | CC-MAIN-2024-10 | https://librivox.org/stories-of-the-lifeboat-by-frank-mundell/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-10/segments/1707947474661.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20240226162136-20240226192136-00578.warc.gz | en | 0.981317 | 467 | 3.296875 | 3 |
The germiest place found by the University of Arizona study, led by Dr. Charles Gerba, was none other than the very place where school kids eat — the school cafeteria. Yes, kids are eating off surfaces infested with heterotrophic bacteria and coliforms (microbes found in the intestines of humans and other animals). Yummy.
When you hear the term "computer virus," you're probably not thinking about the microscopic bugs crawling around the laptop — or more specifically, on the computer mouse. When you think about it, it makes sense. Kids are using the same hand on the mouse that they use throughout the day to grab door handles, rub their noses, even wipe themselves. (We warned you this wasn't going to be pretty.) The computer mouse was crawling with twice as many germs as the desks analyzed in the study.
You may have the best little hand washers in town. Despite their best efforts, they may be picking up viruses directly from the bathroom sink and paper towel handle — two of the most germ-infested spots in school.
It's no surprise water fountains are swarming with bacteria. Some students think they need to make out with the faucet to quench their thirst. Ew.
And you'll see personalized content just for you whenever you click the My Feed .
SheKnows is making some changes! | <urn:uuid:617b0f1b-932d-454f-bffc-639eabbc6e07> | CC-MAIN-2018-05 | http://www.sheknows.com/living/articles/965983/germ-patrol-where-germs-are-lurking-in-schools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-05/segments/1516084890314.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20180121060717-20180121080717-00398.warc.gz | en | 0.966947 | 282 | 2.75 | 3 |
Survivor trees are locally revered as symbols of hope. These trees support communities' recovery by embodying hope and strength. The Callery pear in New York City and the Oklahoma City American Elm tree are two famous trees cherished for reflecting the courage and spirit of the affected communities.
Trees around the world have survived incredible feats. Before the bombing in 1995, a poorly managed/maintained American Elm tree provided sparse amounts of shade from a small parking lot of downtown Oklahoma City. This tree spent its days surrounded by concrete and cars. After the national tragedy (1995) destroyed buildings and lives, this 80-year-old tree was the only thing standing amidst explosions and fire.
Community members, survivors, rescue workers, and the community came together to save and honor the tree, making the preservation of Survivor Tree an integral part of the mission statement of the Memorial site. This elm now thrives as it stands guard at the national memorial, protecting the memory of those who lost their lives. The inscription in Oklahoma City, "the spirit of this city, and this nation will not be defeated; our deeply rooted faith sustains us."
American Grove committee member, Mark Bays, is the Oklahoma Urban Forestry Coordinator who made a special connection with this tree. Mark made it his mission to protect the Survivor Tree during and after the construction of the National Memorial. Bays worked to see that the tree had a proper aeration and watering system throughout this construction period.
Ground crew and facilities management at the memorial regularly collect the Survivor tree's seeds for the distribution of hundreds of samplings every year. This tree now grows throughout the US. Survivor trees are uniquely cherished within and beyond their communities. | <urn:uuid:e3e762a7-a355-4639-980f-54ab83a34f49> | CC-MAIN-2019-47 | http://thegrove.americangrove.org/profiles/posts/s-is-for-survivor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-47/segments/1573496670162.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20191119172137-20191119200137-00243.warc.gz | en | 0.952238 | 343 | 2.96875 | 3 |
I needed to find a short script that I could use in my writing group and I wanted to focus it on fractured fairytales and sustainability.
I couldn’t find one so I have written one myself!
Here is the start… (If you would like more please see my teachers pay teachers site)
Little green riding hood.
Green hood: Hmmm, I’m so lost, my google maps ap has crashed again. (She looks worried and walks back and forth)
I know that is a gum tree and gum trees are often near water so if I follow the river I might find my way to Grandma’s hut. (Little green walks towards the river looking worried)
Big Bad Cat: Well hello there little one. (jumps out)
Green: AARGHHHH (she jumps in fright)
BBC: Now don’t be scared, I’m just a cat. (let’s out a big burp)
GH: whaaaaatt??? Did you just burp?
So all in all it is a simple story which allows students to experience puppetry. They learn how to read a script and in turn can create their own.
Students also link into the sustainability outcome in the Australian curriculum through learning about the plight of native animals due to feral animals hunting them for food and for fun.
More needs to be done by local councils to stop the spread of feral animals – mostly cats into the Australian bush. Laws are in place but are not strongly implemted. There are too many cats out roaming at night time doing as they please.
We need to lobby the local council to implement heavier penalties for single and once off offences. | <urn:uuid:2fea361c-cfd4-463e-aa98-272f4f6855b4> | CC-MAIN-2020-34 | https://educateempower.blog/2016/05/09/little-green-riding-hood/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-34/segments/1596439738746.41/warc/CC-MAIN-20200811090050-20200811120050-00411.warc.gz | en | 0.955731 | 353 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Why is it important to know macrame?
Learning Macrame gives you the opportunity to live a healthy, active and connected life. I don’t think it’s a coincidence that the craft involves tying lots of knots with singular strands of rope to craft something intertwined and beautiful.
What is the importance of macrame in the industry?
A versatile form of fiber art, macramé can be used to make everything from wall hangings and plant hangers to jewelry, purses, and even clothing items. Using simple materials like cotton twine, jute, hemp, or yarn, macramé can be as simple or complex as the crafter would like.
What specific characteristics you need to consider in buying for your macrame projects?
Strength – The strength of a macrame cord depends largely on its composition. A cord made from jute, leather, ribbon and nylon is quite strong. 3. Twist – The strength of the cord is determined by whether the individual strands of the material were twisted or braided in the manufacturing process.
What resources are needed in the production of macrame and basketry products?
Handicraft (Macramé and Basketry)
- Abaca twine.
- Plastic twine.
How did macrame became known to the world?
Macramé is believed to have originated with 13th-century Arab weavers. These artisans knotted the excess thread and yarn along the edges of hand-loomed fabrics into decorative fringes on bath towels, shawls, and veils. … Sailors also called macramé “McNamara’s Lace”. Macramé was most popular in the Victorian era.
Is macrame good for the brain?
Stress Relief and Mental Clarity
Macramé has a soothing effect on the mind. Focusing on the task at hand allows a person to feel more positive emotions and calm. The motions and movements involved create a meditative atmosphere where it’s just you and your craft.
Does Macrame sell well?
Starting a Macrame business can definitely be profitable. … With Macrame becoming more popular the competition on marketplaces like Etsy has increased a lot so it can be harder. There are a few ways you can make sure to stand out: Create unique items (or maybe a matching collection of items)
Why it is important to trace back the origin of Macrame and basketry?
Why it is important to trace back the origin of macrame? Answer: Because it is important to recognize the culture and the function that created these arts. Explanation: Macrame and basketry are ancient forms of handicrafts that have been passed down from generation to generation.
Why is Macrame therapeutic?
Macrame is very therapeutic and has a way to create an escape from the stress which is in all of our lives. Macrame sets my soul free, allows me to be creative, and sparks joy in my heart. It gives me balance in my life, and I believe the pieces reflect that,” she said.
What cord is excellent for macrame jewelry?
Hemp cord is good for macrame, crochet, knotting and other jewelry making techniques.
What can you make using macrame?
What is Macrame?
- Macrame Feathers. These trendy boho feathers are an excellent beginner macrame project for you to have fun making with friends!
- Keychains. The most perfect and subtle gift you can give to a friend that they will cherish! …
- Macrame Garland. …
- Jar Hanger. …
- Wall Hanging. …
- Necklaces. …
- Feather Earrings. …
- Plant Hanger.
What is the most important material in basketry?
Bamboo is the prime material for making all sorts of baskets, since it is the main material that is available and suitable for basketry. Other materials that may be used are ratan and hemp palm. In Japan, bamboo weaving is registered as a traditional Japanese craft (工芸, kōgei) with a range of fine and decorative arts.
What are the materials needed in making a basketry?
Some of the more common materials used in basketry include cedar bark, cedar root, spruce root, cattail leaves and tule. Elements used for decoration include maidenhair fern stems, horsetail root, red cherry bark and a variety of grasses.
What could you say about the materials employed in macrame include?
Materials used in macramé include cords made of cotton twine, linen, hemp, jute, leather or yarn. Cords are identified by construction, such as a 3-ply cord, made of three lengths of fibre twisted together. … A knotting board is often used to mount the cords for macramé work. | <urn:uuid:36cea306-815f-4953-b6c8-557fae4f9902> | CC-MAIN-2022-21 | https://bkkquilt.com/handicrafts/best-answer-why-is-it-important-to-always-look-for-a-good-quality-macrame-and-basketry-products.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-21/segments/1652662520936.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220517225809-20220518015809-00358.warc.gz | en | 0.939194 | 1,018 | 2.59375 | 3 |
The first task on my list of 10 open problems in computational diversity linguistics deals with morphemes, that is, the minimal meaning-bearing parts in a language. A morpheme can be a word, but it does not have to be a word, since words may consist of more than one morpheme, and — depending on the language in question — may do so almost by default.
Examples of morphemes in English include clear-cut cases of compounding, where two words are joined to form a new word. Often, this is not even readily reflected in spelling, and, as a result, speakers may at times think that a word like "primary school" is not a single word, although it is easy to determine from its semantics that the word is indeed pointing to one uniform concept. Other examples include grammatical markers, such as the ending -s for most English plurals, or to mark the third person singular of verbs. When confronted with a word form like walks, linguists will analyze this word as consisting of two morphemes, illustrating it by adding a dash as a boundary marker: walk-s.
The task of automatic morpheme segmentation is thus a pretty straightforward one: given a list of words, potentially along with additional information, such as their meaning, or their frequency in the given language, try to identify all morpheme boundaries, and mark this by adding dash symbols where a boundary has been identified.
One may ask why automatic identification of morphemes should be a problem — and some people commenting on my presentation of the 10 open problems last month did ask this. The problem is not unrecognized in the field of Natural Language Processing, and solutions have been discussed from the 1950s onwards (Harris 1955, Benden 2005, Bordag 2008, Hammarström 2006, see also the overview by Goldsmith 2017).
Roughly speaking, all approaches build on statistics about n-grams, i.e., recurring symbol sequences of arbitrary length. Assuming that n-grams representing meaning-building units should be distributed more frequently across the lexicon of a language, they assemble these statistics from the data, trying to infer the ones which "matter". With Morfessor (Creutz and Lagus 2005, there is also a popular family of algorithms available in form of a very stable and easy-to-use Python library (Virpioja et al. 2013). Applying and testing methods for automatic morpheme segmentation is thus very straightforward nowadays.
The issue with all of these approaches and ideas is that they require a very large amount of data for training, while our actual datasets are small and sparse, by nature. As a result, all currently available algorithms fail graciously when it comes to determining the morphemes in datasets of less of 1,000 words.
Interestingly, even when having been trained on large datasets, the algorithms still commit surprising errors, as can be easily seen when testing the online demo of the Morfessor software for German (https://asr.aalto.fi/morfessordemo/). When testing words like auftürmen "pile up", for example, the algorithm yields the segmentation auf-türme-n, which is probably understandable from the fact that the word Türme "towers" is quite frequent in the German lexicon, thus confusing the algorithm; but for a German speaker, who knows that verbs end in -en in their infinitive, it is clear that the auftürmen can only be segmented as auf-türm-en.
If I understand the information on the website correctly, the Morfessor algorithm offered online was trained with more than 1 million different word forms in German. Given that in our linguistic approaches we can usually dispose of 1,000 words, if not less, per language, it is clear that the algorithms won't provide help in finding the morphemes in our data.
To illustrate this, I ran a small test on the Morfessor software, using two datasets for training, one big dataset with about 50000 words from Baayen et al. (1995), and one smaller dataset of about 600 words which I used as a cognate detection benchmark when writing my dissertation (List 2014). I then used these two datasets to train the Morfessor software and then applied the trained models to segment a list of 10 German words (see the GitHub.Gist here.
The results for the two models (small data and big data) as well as the segmentations proposed by the online application (online) are given in the table below (with my own judgments on morphemes given in the column word).
What can be seen clearly from the table, where all forms deviating from my analysis are marked in red font, is that none of the models makes a convincing job in segmenting my ten test words. More importantly, however, we can clearly see that the algorithm's problems increase drastically when dealing with small training data. Since the segmentations proposed in the Small data column are clearly the worst, splitting words in a seemingly random fashion into letters.
What is interesting in this context is that trained linguists would rarely fail at this task, even when all they were given is the small data list for training. That they do not fail is shown by the numerous studies where linguistic fieldworkers have investigated so far under-investigated languages, and quickly figured out how the morphology works.
Why is it so difficult to find morpheme boundaries?
What makes the detection of morpheme boundaries so difficult, also for humans, is that they are inherently ambiguous. A final -s can mark the plural in German, especially on borrowings, as in Job-s, but it can likewise mark a short variant of es "it", where the vowel is deleted, as in ist's "it's", and in many other cases, it can just mark nothing, but instead be part of a larger morpheme, like Haus "house". Whether or not a certain substring of sounds in a language can function as a morpheme depends on the meaning of the word, not on the substring itself. We can — once more — see one of the great differences between sequences in biology and sequences in linguistics here: linguistic sequences derive their "function" (ie. their meaning) from the context in which they are used, not from their structure alone.
If speakers are no longer able to clearly understand the morphological structure of a given word, they may even start to change it, in order to make it more "transparent" in its denotation. Examples for this are the numerous cases of folk etymology, where speakers re-interpret the morphemes in a word, with English ham-burger as a prominent example, since the word originally seems to derive from the city Hamburg, which has nothing to do with ham.
How do humans find morphemes?
The reasons why human linguists can relatively easy find morphemes in sparse data, while machines cannot, is still not entirely clear to me (ie. humans are good at pattern recognition and machines are not). However, I do have some basic ideas about why humans largely outperform machines when it comes to morpheme segmentation; and I think that future approaches that try to take these ideas into account might drastically improve the performance of automatic morpheme segmentation methods.
As a first point, given the importance of meaning in order to determine morphemic structure, it seems almost absurd to me to try to identify morphemes in a given language corpus based on a pure analysis of the sequences, without taking their meaning into account. If we are confronted with two words like Spanish hermano "brother" and hermana "sister", it is clear — if we know what they mean — that the -o vs. -a most likely denotes a distinction of gender. While the machines compare potential similarities inside the words independent of semantics, humans will always start from those pairs where they think that they could expect to find interesting alternations. As long as the meanings are supplied, a human linguist — even when not familiar with a given language — can easily propose a more or less convincing segmentation of a list of only 500 words.
A second point that is disregarded in current automatic approaches is the fact that morphological structures vary drastically among languages. In Chinese and many South-East Asian languages, for example, it is almost a rule that every syllable represents one morpheme (with minimal exceptions being attested and discussed in the literature). Since syllables are again easy to find in these languages, since words can often only end in a specific number of sounds, an algorithm to detect words in those languages would not need any n-gram statistics, but just a theory on syllable structures. Instead of global strategies, we may rather have to use for local strategies of morpheme segmentation, in which we identify different types of languages for which a given algorithm seems suitable.
This brings us to a third point. A peculiarity of linguistic sequences in spoken languages is that they are built by specific phonotactic rules that govern their overall structure. Whether or not a language tolerates more than three consonants in the beginning of a word depends on its phonotactics, its set of rules by which the inventory of sounds is combined to form morphemes and words. Phonotactics itself can also give hints on morpheme boundaries, since they may prohibit combinations of sounds within morphemes which can occur when morphemes are joined to form words. German Ur-instinkt "basic instinct", for example, is pronounced with a glottal stop after the Ur-, which can only occur in the beginning of German words and morphemes, thus marking the word clearly as a compound (otherwise the word could be parsed as Urin-stinkt "urine smells".
A fourth point that is also generally disregarded in current approaches to automatic morpheme segmentation is that of cross-linguistic evidence. In many cases, the speakers of a given language may themselves no longer be aware of the original morphological segmentation of some of their words, while the comparison with closely related languages can still reveal it. If we have a potentially multi-morphemic word in one language, for example, and only one of the two potential morphemes reflected as a normal word in the other language, this is clear evidence that the potentially multi-morphemic word does, indeed, consist of multiple morphemes.
Linguists regularly use multiple types of evidence when trying to understand the morphological composition of the words in a given language. If we want to advance the field of automatic morpheme segmentation, it seems to me indispensable that we give up the idea of detecting the morphology of a language just by looking at the distribution of letters across word forms. Instead, we should make use of semantic, phonotactic, and comparative information. We should further give up the idea of designing universal morpheme segmentation algorithms, but rather study which approach works best on which morphological type. How these aspects can be combined in a unified framework, however, is still not entirely clear to me; and this is also the reason why I list automatic morpheme segmentation as the first of my ten open problems in computational diversity linguistics.
Even more important than the strategies for the solutions of the problem, however, is that we start to work on extensive datasets for testing and training of new algorithms that seek to identify morpheme boundaries on sparse data. As of now, no such datasets exist. Approaches like Morfessor were designed to identify morpheme boundaries in written languages, they barely work with phonetic transcriptions. But if we had the datasets for testing and training available, be it only some 20 or 40 languages from different language families, manually annotated by experts, segmented both with respect to the phonetics and to the morphemes, this would allow us to investigate both existing and new approaches much more profoundly, and I expect it could give a real boost to our discipline and greatly help us to develop advanced solutions for the problem.
Baayen, R. H. and Piepenbrock, R. and Gulikers, L. (eds.) (1995) The CELEX Lexical Database. Version 2. Philadelphia.
Benden, Christoph (2005) Automated detection of morphemes using distributional measurements. In: Claus Weihs and Wolfgang Gaul (eds.): Classification -- the Ubiquitous Challenge. Berlin and Heidelberg:Springer. pp 490-497.
Bordag, Stefan (2008) Unsupervised and knowledge-free morpheme segmentation and analysis. In: Carol Peters, Valentin Jijkoun, Thomas Mandl, Henning Müller, Douglas W. Oard, Anselmo Peñas, Vivien Petras and Diana Santos (eds.): Advances in Multilingual and Multimodal Information Retrieval. Berlin and Heidelberg:Springer, pp 881-891.
Creutz, M. and Lagus, K. (2005) Unsupervised morpheme segmentation and morphology induction from text corpora using Morfessor 1.0. Technical Report. Helsinki University of Technology.
Goldsmith, John A. and Lee, Jackson L. and Xanthos, Aris (2017) Computational learning of morphology. Annual Review of Linguistics 3.1: 85-106.
Hammarström, Harald (2006) A Naive Theory of Affixation and an Algorithm for Extraction. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Meeting of the ACL Special Interest Group on Computational Phonology and Morphology at HLT-NAACL 2006 pp. 79-88.
Harris, Zellig S. (1955) From phoneme to morpheme. Language 31.2: 190-222.
List, Johann-Mattis (2014) Sequence Comparison in Historical Linguistics. Düsseldorf:Düsseldorf University Press.
Virpioja, Sami, Smit, Peter, Grönroos, Stig-Arne and Kurimo, Mikko (2013) Morfessor 2.0: Python Implementation and Extensions for Morfessor Baseline. Helsinki:Aalto University. | <urn:uuid:74a4b351-78f8-4a6e-a494-c3e96a999839> | CC-MAIN-2020-45 | http://phylonetworks.blogspot.com/2019/02/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-45/segments/1603107912807.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20201031032847-20201031062847-00710.warc.gz | en | 0.930216 | 2,987 | 3.28125 | 3 |
We find that occupational exposure to globalization is associated with larger wage effects than industry exposure. The initiation and development of globalization and indian textile industry took place simultaneously kids apparel and garments effects on indian industry. With impact of globalization on trade in textile industry to the labour-intensive characteristics of apparel production, along with the minimal technology. Making sweatshops: the globalization of the us apparel industry [ellen isræl rosen] on amazoncom free shipping on qualifying offers the only comprehensive. Globalization and us industry, the textile industry east asian producers of apparel have impact of globalization, trade agreements and.
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Dampak negative globalisasi di dunia fashion bagi kalangan remaja globalization's negative effects on apparel, clothing and textiles industry:. Moreover, movement of goods, services and capital has been made easy through globalization, and it has hugely influenced different sectors including the cloth. Essay about globalization effects in apparel industry retail industry and unifies these findings to highlight globalization effects on the industry. Globalization and protectionism in income distribution effects, protectionism to save an average job in the textile and apparel industry would cost $. | <urn:uuid:70ea41e5-73ea-4a8c-aae1-c55c90a68c96> | CC-MAIN-2018-43 | http://uyessaygzpa.archiandstyle.info/globalization-effects-in-apparel-industry.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-43/segments/1539583514879.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20181022071304-20181022092804-00148.warc.gz | en | 0.905462 | 721 | 2.8125 | 3 |
V-E Day–May 8, 1945
D. Reed Jordan was assigned to the public relations section of the Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF). He writes the following about May 7, 1945:
“We got word that the Germans were willing to meet our demands for an unconditional surrender shortly after midnight on May 7, 1945. I wrote Special Communique Eight, releasing this long-awaited news to the world. I had only a very short time. I realized I would never pass down another document that would mean so much to people worldwide….
“I was witness to the German signing of World War II surrender documents in the war room in SHAEF Forward Headquarters in Reims, France. It was 2:00 A.M. There were no reporters or photographers present. It took only fifteen minutes; there was no messing around. It was a time of joy, but also a time to lament the horrible suffering and loss of life and the appalling destruction of property. It had been a vast calamity. For my part in this ceremony, I was awarded the Bronze Star, a decoration usually reserved for men in combat.”–Saints at War, Edited by Robert C. Freeman and Dennis A. Wright.
The surrender went into effect on May 8, 1945 and there was literally dancing in the streets in London. | <urn:uuid:041f75ba-3f27-41a1-b5c5-a1f85cfbb1ac> | CC-MAIN-2022-49 | https://scblog.lib.byu.edu/2009/05/06/v-e-day-may-8-1945/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-49/segments/1669446711232.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20221208014204-20221208044204-00304.warc.gz | en | 0.986152 | 275 | 3 | 3 |
How can I remember that I have the TIPS resource?
Use it!?? The best way to remember you have this resource is to read the TIPS Expert Articles!?? The articles are packed with easy to remember information that will make you eager to share with parents. TIPS understand that time is an issue with most all teachers, so prioritizing your reading based on need is a good idea.???? Below are a few creative ways that teachers have shared to find time.
- If you have the Expert Manual ? keep it in the break room at work
- Take turns picking a topic to learn about in your staff meetings.
- Practice sharing the information with other teachers so you feel prepared to share with parents.
- If you have the TIPS App?read an article during wait times (doc office, your child?s ball practice, etc.)
- Post our TIPS flyers, banners and letters to parents in places that will remind you and the parent about this resource.
- (Click here for TIPS Resources) | <urn:uuid:bd571c77-3cab-40bc-a24b-a84223de3c80> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://tipsforgreatkids.com/how-can-i-remember-that-i-have-the-tips-resource/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046154805.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20210804111738-20210804141738-00242.warc.gz | en | 0.944859 | 211 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Join Robin Schneider for an in-depth discussion in this video Exploring the workspace, part of Illustrator for Fashion Design: Drawing Flats.
- [Female Teacher] In this chapter, we're going to take a look at the Illustrator tools we'll be using to draw fashion flats. First, we'll open Illustrator and talk about the workspace. So, to create a new file you're going to click on the Create new button, right here. Once this window opens, we're going to select Print, and we're going to select Letter. You're going to to move over to this window and click Create. Now the reason for selecting Print is because it gives us an Artboard, which is this big white paper in the middle that is 8.5 by 11, which easily prints on your desktop printer, and since most of the work we're doing, is going to have its final version printed, this is the best way to work.
The gray area outside the Artboard, you can consider as scratch paper. You can draw on it, but it won't print. Up on the top is the menu bar. Each of these have drop-downs that relate to either tools or panels on the page, and we'll talk about that in a little more detail, later. On the left, is the toolbar. These are all the Illustrator tools. We're not going to cover all of them. We're going to stick to the ones that we specifically use for fashion. There are a lot of other great videos in the library where you can learn more about the other tools, if you're interested.
Up here, is called the Control panel, and the Control panel is context sensitive, meaning, it changes based on the tool you have selected. Over on the right, we have the Panel dock. Each of these panels has information that we're going to be covering a little bit later. This is a Swatches panel. Down here, we have the Layers panel, and we'll talk about those in more detail, in a later movie. So let's move on to the next movie, and we'll start to cover the basic selection tools.
Robin Schneider—a fashion designer and Otis College of Art and Design instructor—teaches you how to easily master the Pen tool as she walks you through drawing shirts, pants, skirts, and blazers. Learn how to maximize the power of Illustrator with Pathfinder, organize layers for quick and easy editing, and create custom symbol libraries. Plus, get tips and tricks to increase productivity and learn to lay out your designs in presentation-worthy line sheets.
- What is a CAD flat?
- Drawing shapes
- Editing shapes: rotating and joining
- Setting up your workspace
- Using a template
- Drawing shirts and blazers
- Drawing skirts, trousers, and jeans
- Creating symbols for buttons
- Creating professional quality layouts
Skill Level Beginner
Photoshop for Fashion Design: Rendering Techniqueswith Robin Schneider4h 52m Appropriate for all
Illustrator for Fashion Design: Creating Brusheswith Robin Schneider2h 40m Intermediate
Drawing Foundations: Light and Shadowwith Will Kemp1h 52m Intermediate
1. Getting Started: The Basics
2. Creating a Start File
3. Drawing a Basic T-Shirt
4. Drawing a Polo Shirt
5. Drawing a Button-Down Shirt
6. Drawing a Blazer
7. Drawing Pants
8. Drawing Skirts
9. Creating Symbols
10. Finishing Touches
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Honeybees are one if not the most important insects alive. They are responsible for pollinating 80% of our fruits, vegetables, nuts, plants, grains, and most of the vegetation that grows in our forests and fields. Honeybees are most important when it comes to pollinating trees.
Without Honeybees two-thirds of our citrus, nuts and some fruits would disappear in the coming years. Some scientist’s believe that the reduction of the Honeybee population is as serious a problem as global warming.
Someone said, (but not verified) that the late Albert Einstein once remarked that, “If all the Honeybees disappear through-out the world, mankind would exist for approximately four years.” It is so important that we do all we can to save the Honeybees, because a great number of Honeybees and their hives are dying at a rapid pace.
The Honeybee population has shrunk from approximately 5.9 million to approximately 2.4 million in the last 50+ years. Since 2006, 20/40% of the hives have suffered “colony collapse.” The problem is so dire in California that local beekeepers are looking to import Honeybees from other states and foreign countries. The sad fact is that scientists have yet to discover the cause for the Honeybees rapid decline.
A SHORT HISTORY ABOUT THE HONEYBEE
The Europeans introduced the Honeybee, to the United States, during the colonial period because of their ability to create large hives, pollinate crops, and produce large quantities of honey. The great Aristotle referred to honey, as nectar from the Gods. An active hive consists of a Queen, and anywhere from 40,000 to 80,000 worker bees and drones. There is only one Queen in the hive at any given time. Her responsibility is to lay approximately 2,000 eggs per-day. The largest number of bees in a hive is worker bees. They are all females and lack reproductive capabilities. At the early stage of their lives, they act as nurses, builders, and protectors of the hive. After they mature, their duty is to scout and retrieve nectar and pollen. The Queen and the worker bees are the only ones who have stingers. Worker bees only die when they sting humans because they have a barb on the end of their stinger that will not allow it to retract it from the thickness of human skin. Queens can sting repeatedly because their stinger does not have a barb and is therefore smooth. Drones are males and their only function is to mate with the Queen. There are far fewer drones then worker bees in a hive.
Think carefully before you consider exterminating the Honeybees on your property.
BEE CATCHERS is a state licensed, family owned company, with more than fifteen years of experience, committed to saving, and relocating Honeybees, so that we can all continue to enjoy the fruits of their labor.
At Bee Catchers we give all of our bees away to people and organizations that can use them. They are saved, rescued and relocated! They are given to backward beekeepers, hobbyists, farmers, orchards and apiaries! | <urn:uuid:99621e1e-0bd5-4779-97c7-5dc40c4e7dda> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://beecatcherssocal.com/reasons-why-honeybees-are-so-important-should-not-be-exterminated/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891816094.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225031153-20180225051153-00202.warc.gz | en | 0.959977 | 649 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Mathematical models developed by the USGS, UAF, and NOAA forecast various aspects of how a volcanic ash plume will interact with wind—where, how high, and how fast ash particles will be transported in the atmosphere, as well as where ash will fall out and accumulate on the ground. AVO runs these models when a volcano is restless by assuming a reasonable hypothetical eruption, in order to provide a pre-eruptive forecast of areas likely to be affected. During an ongoing eruption, AVO will update the forecast with actual observations (eruption start time and duration, plume height) as they become available. All models use the same input parameters so they are comparable. Click on individual graphics to learn more.
ASH CLOUD FORECASTS (AIRBORNE): | <urn:uuid:4cb3c3a7-24bf-40f1-bf75-7f8149a25531> | CC-MAIN-2019-35 | https://www.avo.alaska.edu/activity/Shishaldin.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-35/segments/1566027317339.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20190822172901-20190822194901-00038.warc.gz | en | 0.924187 | 163 | 2.625 | 3 |
THE DEPRESSION EPIDEMIC
The World Health Organization is projecting that, by the year 2020, depression will become the world’s second most devastating illness, after heart disease. Depression also affects many physical illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes, making them more likely, severe, and difficult to treat. Right now, one in five Americans will experience major depression in their lifetimes, and one in ten suffers from recurring bouts of major depression. We need to understand how this epidemic came about and put an end to it.
Symptoms of depression include: despair, worthlessness, guilt, fatigue, poor concentration, significant weight loss or gain, sleep problems, and loss of interest in life. The personal and economic costs of this ailment are enormous. Major depression has become the leading cause of workplace absenteeism, and is the cause of 20 to 35% of all suicides. While almost everyone gets depressed at one time or another, generally related to a major life change or loss, the epidemic of depression we are experiencing is different. Chronic depression has been brought on by our modern diets and lifestyles. Since we created it, we can eliminate it.
There is only one disease-malfunctioning cells. Cells malfunction for only two reasons: they are either deficient and/or toxic. Therefore, our depression epidemic can be both prevented and reversed by teaching people how to prevent and eliminate cellular deficiency and toxicity. Depression is the result of prolonged stress to the brain. That stress may be caused by overt deficiency and toxicity or by social stress, which can induce deficiency and toxicity. Nutritional intake, toxic exposure, exposure to sunlight, exercise, and community with others all affect depression. Let us have a closer look at these factors.
Proper nutrition is the single most important factor in preventing and reversing depression. Consider that the inventor of the antianxiety drug Valium later discovered that B vitamins could produce exactly the same benefits as Valium, without side effects or addiction. Naturally, no leading medical journal would publish his findings since they were all profiting from advertising Valium. These findings were eventually published in an obscure foreign journal and remain unknown to most physicians. Deficiencies of B-vitamins and magnesium are known to cause cellular malfunction and depression. Vitamin B1 deficiency, for example, is common in depression cases severe enough to require hospitalization. The same goes for vitamin B2. A study in the British Journal of Psychiatry found that the most seriously depressed patients were also the most B2 deficient. Vitamin B6 deficiency is also common in depressed patients. A new 2003 study in Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics has found a link between folic acid deficiency and depression. The researchers concluded that folic acid supplementation may be key in recovering from depression. Similarly, magnesium is required for proper function of neurotransmitters. Most Americans are deficient in magnesium, and are therefore more susceptible to nervous system dysfunction and depression. A depressed patient may undergo years of psychotherapy, but get well only after supplementing with magnesium.
In addition to vitamin and mineral deficiencies, essential fatty acid (EFA) deficiency also causes depression. More than two decades of scientific studies have shown that EFAs have important effects on neurological development and emotional well being. Unfortunately, up to 90% of our population may be deficient in these nutrients. EFA deficiency inhibits the ability of brain cells to communicate with each other. This impairs information processing, ultimately affecting mood and behavior. For example, the fatty acid DHA (found in fish oil) is a major building block of brain tissue and also a raw material for several neurotransmitters; it is critical to normal brain function, yet lacking in our diets. Some researchers believe that impaired cell communication, caused by EFA deficiency, is a primary cause of depression. A group of Belgian researchers, finding low blood levels of EFAs in depressed patients, concluded that depression “may persist despite successful antidepressant treatment” unless it is specifically treated with EFAs.
Sugar is also a major cause of depression—it contributes significantly to nutritional deficiency. All carbohydrates require specific nutrients (including vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and magnesium) to properly metabolize in the body. Since refined sugars are devoid of such nutrients, these must be obtained from bodily reserves, thus depleting our reserves and causing nutritional deficiency. Alarmingly, the average American consumes more than 160 pounds of this dangerous metabolic poison per year. Similar to sugar, white flour also depletes the body of critical vitamins and minerals, causing nutritional deficiency. White flour is ubiquitous in our society; it is found in almost all bread, pasta, breakfast cereals, and baked goods. Many people have been completely cured of serious depression simply by eliminating sugar and white flour from their diet.
Another cause of depression is inadequate exposure to full-spectrum natural light (sunlight), which affects our hormonal balances. The human body evolved at a time when people spent most of their day outdoors and went to bed when it got dark. As a consequence, normal biochemical function is dependent on regular exposure to lots of bright, full-spectrum, natural light during the day, and avoidance of bright lights at night. Unfortunately, not many of us meet these needs for natural light. Our exposure to sunlight tends to be insufficient and inconsistent. To make matters worse, we constantly stay up far past dark using unnatural light sources that interfere with natural biorhythms. Daily exposure to sunlight is recommended, but it must be outdoors (not through the office window) and without eyeglasses, as both glass and plastic reduce the healthy full-spectrum quality of natural sunlight. A brisk 30-minute walk outdoors every day will do wonders for both mental and physical health.
The social stress caused by an absence of meaningful relationships has also been shown to cause depression. Humans are social creatures who were meant to live as part of a community. Psychological and emotional isolation from others affects our biochemistry and causes deficiency, toxicity and depression. Joining and participating in church or community groups is very helpful. (People with religious/spiritual practices and communities are known to recover from depression more quickly.) Being loved, cared about, and part of a family or group is essential to both mental and physical health. The key is to regularly interact, being loving and caring of both yourself and others. This will enhance cell chemistry and good health.
Yet another factor causing depression is lack of exercise. Exercise has a huge effect on cell chemistry, and lack of it can cause cellular malfunction and depression. (That brisk 30 minute daily walk outdoors provides physical activity, as well as providing exposure to sunlight, doing double duty in the prevention and reversal of depression.) A study in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that exercise was just as effective as prescription drugs in reducing depression in patients with major depressive disorders. The antidepressant drugs in this study were more effective only initially, and such drugs are inherently toxic whereas exercise is healthy. While not a panacea, exercise has consistently been shown to relieve both anxiety and depression. On the bottom line, exercise promotes the health of cells, and therefore works to prevent and reverse disease—depression included.
Toxicity is also a contributing factor to our epidemic of depression. For example, excess copper is a toxin linked to depression. Aging copper water pipes in older buildings, particularly in older cities like New York, release enough copper into the drinking water to cause clinically significant depression. Another source of excess copper intake is from the high-copper dental amalgams our dentists started using in the 1980s, which have been linked to neurological problems. Dental amalgams contain mercury, which can also cause depression. Certain toxic prescription drugs can cause depression. Allergies to foods, such as wheat and dairy, can also have a toxic effect. No amount of antidepressant drugs or psychotherapy will cure toxicity-induced depression, until you first get rid of the toxins.
Preventing and reversing depression is no different than with any other disease—give cells what they need and keep them free of toxins. If you already suffer from depression, consider and address the causes listed above, and see what happens. If you are seriously depressed and on medications, then it is essential to work with your doctor to gradually reduce medications. Medications will not cure depression, they merely address the symptoms. The key is to choose a doctor who takes an enlightened, holistic approach rather than relying on therapy and drugs as their only tools.
Here’s the bottom line—to prevent or reverse depression, give your cells what they need and protect them from toxins:
- Eat more fresh organic vegetables and fruits.
- Cut sugar and white flour from your diet.
- Avoid mercury fillings, caffeine, wheat, corn, and dairy.
- Get some brisk outdoor exercise every day.
- Stay involved with people and meaningful activities.
- Take nutritional supplements such as Perque 1, 2, C, Choline, Magnesium Plus, Mood Guard, and Bone Guard, along with phosphatidylserine and essential fatty acids such as Barlean’s Flax Oil and Carlson’s fish oil. The B vitamins in Perque 2 are particularly essential.
- Herbs such as Gingko biloba, Kava Kava, St. John’s Wort, and Rhodiola rosea can also be useful, under supervision.
- Even something as simple as good music appears to have a positive effect in treating depression. In one study, the symptoms of depression were reduced by half just by listening to good music!
While some people are more susceptible to depression than others (biochemical individuality at work), health is still a choice. By consistently making better choices in diet and lifestyle, your probability of avoiding or reversing any disease, including depression, is greatly enhanced. To learn more about how to make better choices, read my book Never Be Sick Again.
Raymond Francis is an M.I.T.-trained scientist, a registered nutrition consultant, author of Never Be Sick Again, host of the Beyond Health Show and an internationally recognized leader in the emerging field of optimal health maintenance. | <urn:uuid:f315136b-33ba-4749-a347-63750330290f> | CC-MAIN-2017-13 | http://oawhealth.com/article/the-depression-epidemic/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-13/segments/1490218187144.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170322212947-00231-ip-10-233-31-227.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949242 | 2,068 | 3.4375 | 3 |
Creole languages are unique. They are a hodgepodge of languages which arise in situations where people exist without a shared common language. People end up using bits of different languages. Over generations, these admixed languages become fully fledged natural human languages, known as creoles. André Sherriah and Hubert Devonish, two linguists at the University of the West Indies, teamed up with a psychologist Ewart Thomas and a biologist Nicole Creanza, to write this paper, “Using features of a Creole language to reconstruct population history and cultural evolution: tracing the English origins of Sranan,” on applying methods from biology to study a specific creole language.
As you can see from the title, Sranan is a Creole language spoken. It is spoken in the linguistic diverse Tiny Suriname, where people also speak Dutch, Hindi, Javanese, Portuguese, Cantonese, and a variety of indigenous languages. Sranan is English-based. The bulk of Sranan vocabulary comes from English but with Dutch and Portuguese and even African linguistic heritage.
Their goal was to see if Sranan words could be analyzed to see where in England the colonists had come from. The dialects across England were compared to Sranan words. The results imply two major dialects contributed majority of Sranan: one from the southwest of England, near Bristol, and another from the southeast, in Essex. Historical records already told us that the majority of English people who came to Suriname originated from these areas. So this method of forensic linguistic analysis is validated.
With a validated method, this can be applied to trace the fine details of African origins of West Indies. African languages have been less intensively studied than English, partially because they make up less percentage of modern day creoles. But with little historical record of where African people came from during the slave trades, this way of deconstructing creole languages can be used to trace peoples cultural heritage that was lost to time. | <urn:uuid:b5660d43-0599-49ae-bc85-3fa5a0a54827> | CC-MAIN-2019-30 | https://anthropology.net/2018/03/15/breaking-down-sranan-tongo-to-understand-linguistic-cultural-heritage/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2019-30/segments/1563195529007.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20190723064353-20190723090353-00006.warc.gz | en | 0.950943 | 413 | 3.890625 | 4 |
Low-oxygen zone found again off Oregon CoastBy Seattle Times staff and The Associated Press
Tuesday, July 31, 2007
For the sixth year in a row, low-oxygen water has been surveyed off the
"It does, indeed, appear to be the new normal," said Jane Lubchenco, professor of marine biology at
"The appearance of the low-oxygen water again is consistent with predictions of climate change. The fact that we are seeing six in a row now tells us that something pretty fundamental has changed about conditions off our coast."
This water forms in a bottom layer, and as July began, it appeared to be approaching the severity of last year’s dead zone that killed some crab and other sealife.
But later in July, shifting winds appeared to ease the risk of the dead zones.
The next few weeks will be critical in determining whether oxygen supplies decline to dangerous levels, said Jack Barth, a professor of physical oceanography at OSU.
Unlike the dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico, which is caused by fertilizer washing down the Mississippi River, the
This brings low-oxygen waters from deep in the ocean close to shore, and spreads nitrogen and other nutrients through the water column, kicking off a population boom of plankton, the tiny plants and animals at the foundation of the ocean food web.
Normally, this is good for salmon that swim higher in the water column, giving them lots of food to eat.
Ocean researchers who cruised the Pacific Northwest offshore waters in the spring reported conditions were excellent, with upwellings and a surge of cold water from the
"This spring, all the signs were really good," said Bill Peterson, a federal fishery researcher who worked on a survey from
But when huge amounts of zooplankton and plankton die, they fall to the bottom of the ocean, where they decompose, depleting the water of oxygen and harming sealife that cannot move out of the way. That’s what happened last summer and could happen again this summer.
The wind patterns responsible for the dead zones are consistent with what is expected with global warming: warmer temperatures on land strengthen a low pressure area that draws more air in from the cooler ocean, creating the winds that set up the upwelling, and driving the dead zone closer to shore.
After dissipating with a change in wind patterns in the fall, the dead zone was reforming in early summer this year, when an abrupt cooling on land switched the wind around to the south, turning off the upwelling and allowing the dead zone to dissipate, said Francis Chan, a research professor of marine ecology at OSU.
Then the northerly winds returned, and so did the dead zone.
Instruments towed back and forth last week from one mile offshore to 12 miles offshore between
That is not as bad as last year, but weather forecasts call for strong northerly winds the rest of this week.
"The system is primed for a replay of last year," Lubchenco said. "But that doesn’t mean it will necessarily happen. It may not be as bad as last year and it all depends on the winds."
Last year, video from a remotely operated submersible showed a crab graveyard on the Perpetua Reef south of
New video from May showed some rockfish and sea stars had returned, but less mobile creatures such as sea anemones and sea cucumbers had not.
"The current low oxygen conditions may knock the system back to the starting line, delivering another setback to an already stressed system," Lubchenco added. "This marine ecosystem may take as long to recover as the terrestrial ecosystem did from the eruption of
Copyright © 2007 The Seattle Times Company | <urn:uuid:af8a1838-57c9-4542-ae41-8da8c86dc89a> | CC-MAIN-2020-05 | https://gulfhypoxia.net/low-oxygen-zone-found-again-off-oregon-coast/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2020-05/segments/1579251802249.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20200129194333-20200129223333-00519.warc.gz | en | 0.955065 | 770 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Today we will show you how to draw a cartoon baby penguin that happens to be a stuffed animal. If you can draw basic shapes, such as circles, ovals, and the shapes of letters and numbers...then you too can draw this adorable stuffed penguin. Learn how to draw this character with the following simple-to-follow steps found on this page.
Do you love your toy teddy bear and want to learn how to draw one? We have put together a simple tutorial detailing how to draw a bigger teddy bear, hugging a smaller toy teddy bear. It is something that you will be able to do, because we give instructions for building up the bear's form with simple shapes, letters, and numbers. | <urn:uuid:69dd4ab4-0d6c-4eda-9e8b-1d78ddb45751> | CC-MAIN-2023-50 | https://www.drawinghowtodraw.com/stepbystepdrawinglessons/category/illustration-realistic-style/drawing-things/drawing-toys-games/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-50/segments/1700679100164.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20231130000127-20231130030127-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.933243 | 148 | 2.78125 | 3 |
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When a transformer is subjected to very fast front transients, the penetration of the magnetic flux into the core becomes, in general, negligible. To represent this phenomenon, it is common practice to compute the winding inductance matrix (turn-to-turn) at very high frequencies using the expressions for air-core inductors. However, since the core becomes a magnetic insulating wall at very high frequencies (MHz), the distribution of the magnetic field is altered because the field cannot enter the region occupied by the core. Therefore, the air-core approximation formulae overestimate the inductance at high frequencies. This is especially true in the region inside the core window. Large errors are found when the inductances are computed with the air-core approximation. This paper presents a technique, based on the application of a multilayer method of images, to take the presence of the core into consideration. The final expressions are very simple, yet they give remarkably accurate results. Comparisons with finite-element analyses prove the excellent accuracy of the technique. | <urn:uuid:70996797-5da6-4b2e-be0a-780bf4ed9899> | CC-MAIN-2015-27 | http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?reload=true&arnumber=5711008 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-27/segments/1435375095423.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031815-00288-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932224 | 214 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Search some YouTube movies about polyphony and monophony to get a better grasp of texture. The bridge section provides a peak emotional moment to your track, a realization, or an “aha! Try two or three lyric traces that give the listener one of the best insight you can into the state of affairs or emotion the singer is feeling. The melody ought to be different from each verse and refrain. Try using a chord you haven’t used earlier than or changing the phrase lengths or motion of the melody.
Symphonies, live shows, and string quartets offer several examples of movements inside a bigger work. Although many movements are written in a means that they are often carried out independently of the bigger work, some actions segue into the next motion, which is indicated within the score by an attacca. The performance of a whole musical work requires that all movements of the work are played in succession, usually with a quick pause between movements. While these are great resources, make sure you’re not leaping round from subject to subject too quickly. Build a powerful basis first (with musical notation and basic music principle) and then proceed to studying concord, counterpoint, type and orchestration.
VERSE / CHORUS / BRIDGE Song Form or ABC Song Form
English the phrase “symphony” can also be used to check with the orchestra, the large ensemble that always performs these works. The word “symphony” seems in the title of many orchestras, for example, the Boston Symphony Orchestra, the St. Louis Symphony, the Houston Symphony, or Miami’s New World Symphony. In the 17th century, items scored for big instrumental ensemble didn’t exactly designate which instruments have been to play which components, as is the apply from the 19th century to the present interval. When composers from the seventeenth century wrote items, they anticipated that these works would be performed by whatever group of musicians had been obtainable.
Examples range from avant-garde music that makes use of graphic notation, to textual content compositions corresponding to Aus den sieben Tagen, to pc packages that choose sounds for musical pieces. Music that makes heavy use of randomness and likelihood is called aleatoric music, and is related to modern composers energetic in the 20th century, such as John Cage, Morton Feldman, and Witold Lutosławski.
For instance, Wagner’s “Sleep motif” from Act three of his opera Die Walküre, features a descending chromatic scale that passes by way of a gamut of orchestral timbres. First the woodwind (flute, adopted by oboe), then the massed sound of strings with the violins carrying the melody, and eventually the brass (French horns).
After the second section is played, the piece returns to the unique part of music and performs it over again. Choose just about any Beethoven piano sonata, and you’ll discover that many of the first movements are in sonata type. Sonata form construction was extensively used within the 18th century by Mozart and Hadyn as well.
A more generally recognized instance of chance-based mostly music is the sound of wind chimes jingling in a breeze. Similarly, in multi-part music, some voices will naturally be performed louder than others, for example to emphasis the melody and the bass line, even if an entire passage is marked at one dynamic stage. The form of a bit is the overall construction it takes.
How onerous is it to be taught to compose music? Can anybody learn?
Any single section of music, consisting of phrases or different musical sections, we are able to call A. This musical section may be repeated to create an AA kind.
In jazz and popular music, notable recordings by influential performers are given the load that written scores play in classical music. , some items use additional markings of further emphasis. Extreme dynamic markings suggest an excessive vary of loudness, or, alternatively, indicate an especially subtle distinction between very small variations of loudness within a standard vary. This sort of utilization is most typical in orchestral works from the late nineteenth-century onwards. Generally, these markings are supported by the orchestration of the work, with heavy forte markings brought to life by having many loud instruments like brass and percussion enjoying without delay.
Both instruments can sound equally tuned in relation to each other as they play the same observe, and whereas playing at the identical amplitude degree each instrument will nonetheless sound distinctively with its own unique tone colour. Experienced musicians are able to distinguish between different instruments of the identical sort based mostly on their diversified timbres, even if these instruments are playing notes on the identical basic pitch and loudness. | <urn:uuid:e8a56e51-cf30-4840-a736-508e79470542> | CC-MAIN-2021-31 | https://www.themasskarafestival.com/what-is-the-distinction-between-concerto-sonata-symphony-partita-and-so-forth.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-31/segments/1627046153803.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20210728220634-20210729010634-00149.warc.gz | en | 0.9524 | 983 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Featured writer/photographer: Ania
The Nazca Lines, those mysterious shapes scratched in the scorched surface of southern Peru’s desert, are one of the most famous UNESCO-listed destinations in the world. So what new can be said about them? Perhaps not much in a way of new facts or learning, given that fundamentally we just don’t know much about who made those impressive geoglyphs and why. All we know is that they were etched in the face of the earth between 500 B.C. and A.D. 500 by a mysterious civilization that used them for ritual, perhaps religious functions. One explanation I heard is that they were used for ritual processions asking the higher-ups for rain, which is not a surprising plea in this arid place. Or was it the aliens – a theory advanced by Erich von Däniken’s 1968 book The Chariots of Gods? You choose the version you want to believe =) But visiting the lines for everyone is a new, unforgettable experience.
The name Nazca likely comes from Quechua “nanasca,” which means “pain and suffering.” Yup, it doesn’t rain much here and that hurts, but it’s precisely what helped preserve the lines for centuries – the dry, windless climate of this spot. The lines themselves were formed by removing the top layer of reddish pebbles and exposing the lighter-colored desert surface beneath. That simple. But few people see them from the ground level since the best vintage point is from the air (hence the theories of the lines being alien landing strips or navigation markers).
Cruz del Sur operates extremely comfortable busses between Lima and Nazca. If you’re thinking Greyhound, don’t. I have fond memories of a highly reclinable seat, complementary blankets, hot beverage service, and movie entertainment. As for Nazca, I didn’t have much time to spend there but it’s clear that the town exists with a singular purpose in mind: Nazca Lines tourism. The images of the lines are everywhere: bus stops (see above), sidewalks, walls. The most notable landmark is a statue, an oddly religious in its stern form, of Maria Reiche. She was a German-born scientist who devoted much of her life to studying the lines and protecting them from encroaching development such as the Pan-American Highway.The lines are only a short drive from the town. You come to a small airport, sign up for the next flight – and there is one going up every few minutes – and wait. You can even do some shopping to get your fill of cheap Nazca Lines renditions on anything from a painting to a t-shirt. Now, here comes the disclaimer. The planes that fly over the lines are really small. Just a pilot and 4 to 6 passengers, that’s it. So if the idea of getting on a plane that size makes you uncomfortable, this may not be a trip for you. And a thing to keep in mind is that the quality of your experience will greatly depend on the stomach strength of your fellow aerial explorers.
The lines are best visible when you’re right above them. So to give an equal viewing opportunity to passengers on the left and the right side of the plane, pilots fly in circles or sharp eights, tilting the plane 45 degrees above each figure. You see where this is going. Fortunately both me and my co-passengers persevered (Dramamine helped =) and we got a treat of our lives.
First, the plane rises over the desert. I was trying to put myself in the shoes of those who first saw the lines from above in 1930s (ok, maybe not the first ones if you’re the supporter of the alien theory =) It starts as a stretch of barren land just like any other old desert…
…but then something changes, you think you see something… A whale shape maybe?
By the time you get to the monkey it’s pretty clear that those are not random lines in the sand. Somebody, for some reason and with a great vision and precision, drew those shapes. Who? Why? I don’t know for sure and we may never know but I can’t take my eyes off of them…
My favorite is the humming bird – el colibrí – simply a piece of art placed on its own pedestal:
The flight typically lasts about 40 minutes and that’s pretty much the max that most of us can handle unless you’re a professional pilot of small aircraft accustomed to that type of thing. The sights are amazing and definitely worth the flight even if you have lingering qualms about your tolerance. It’s not that bad and if afterwards you feel like don’t want to do it again, the memories will still last you a lifetime =)
Read more from Ania at: Sandstone and amber | <urn:uuid:e29e5644-a6b6-4d2c-b0b8-2445b0e00728> | CC-MAIN-2018-09 | http://stage.bucketlistpublications.com/2012/06/20/one-flew-over-the-nazca-lines/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-09/segments/1518891816462.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20180225130337-20180225150337-00203.warc.gz | en | 0.954829 | 1,033 | 2.984375 | 3 |
We know it’s sad, but all good things must come to an end. Thankfully, your favorite cruciferous veggies are still in season, but our final post in spotlighting fresh, fall cruciferous vegetables is here. Don’t worry though. We’re going to end things with a BANG and talk about the grand finale….Cauliflower!
The botanical name for cauliflower is Brassica Oleracea and the name cauliflower itself comes from a combination of “coulis,” the Latin word for cabbage, and flower. Cauliflower is believed to have originated in Cypress as early as the 6th century B.C. In the 12th century, cauliflower was introduced to Spain, and by the 16th century, it was available in England and France as well. Cauliflower was especially popular in the Court of Louis XIV. By the late 18th century as methods of cultivation improved, the use of cauliflower throughout Europe became more widespread. However, it was not until the 20th century that cauliflower started being cultivated in the United States.
Cauliflower Nutritional Benefits
Cauliflower is very low in calories but packed with fiber and other health-promoting nutrients, such as vitamins C and K and folate. Cauliflower contains other B complex vitamins as well, along with the essential minerals manganese, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium. Cauliflower also contains many cancer-fighting phytonutrients such as carotenoids and glucosinolates, and enzymes that help flush out toxins from the body.
Cauliflower Varieties Today there are many different varieties of cauliflower. Most of the cauliflower we eat here in the U.S. are white, but cauliflower is also available in other colors like orange, purple, and green. Orange cauliflower, which originated in Canada, is milder in flavor than white cauliflower. It is especially rich in vitamin A and beta-carotene. Purple cauliflower is not only beautiful to look at but very high in anthocyanins, which function as powerful antioxidants. Cauliflower that is green in color is actually a hybrid of white cauliflower and broccoli and therefore often called “Broccoflower.” Like the other colorful cauliflowers, it is milder in taste than white cauliflower.
Like fresh broccoli, fresh cauliflower can be purchased year-round. However, its peak quality and flavor is in the colder months. During the off-season, frozen cauliflower is an acceptable substitute.
Cauliflower Selection and Storage
When shopping for cauliflower, clean looking heads that are heavy for their size with compact curds are what you want. Although the leaves aren’t edible, the presence of many thick green leaves helps protect the plant and ensure freshness. White cauliflower should be creamy white, while the colored varieties don’t necessarily need to be brightly hued, but their color should be uniform. Your best bet for finding high quality colored cauliflower is your local farmers market. Avoid cauliflower heads with small flowers or any blemishes or brown spots, which are signs of age.
Cauliflower is sturdy, but like other vegetables, it still needs to be stored properly to stay fresh and not lose its valuable nutrients. Cauliflower continues to respire after harvesting. Therefore, if it is not going to be eaten right away, it should be placed, unwashed, in an airtight plastic bag, and then stored in the refrigerator. Stored in this manner, a whole head should remain fresh for up to a week and a partial head for a couple of days. Washing the cauliflower just before preparing it for serving, and not any sooner, will also prolong its freshness.
Cauliflower can be enjoyed in a variety of ways. It can be served raw, as a crudité with other raw veggies like broccoli and carrots, or as part of a salad. Cauliflower also tastes great cooked, not only as a side dish for dinner, but also in soups, casseroles, and stir-fries. However, it is very important to prepare cauliflower properly so as not to deplete this vegetable of its excellent nutritional value. Steaming is the ideal way to cook cauliflower. On the other hand, boiling for prolonged periods or frying at very high temperatures will result in the vegetable losing a large percentage of its nutrients. Here are three recipes for cauliflower from the Nutrition Factors database that are scrumptious and healthy.
1/2 head cauliflower chopped coarsely
2 tbsp Canola Oil
4 green onions thinly sliced
2 cloves of garlic, minced
1 carrot grated
1 1/2 tsp ginger, minced
1/4 tsp hot pepper flakes
1/4 cup Hoisin Sauce
2 tbsp sodium reduced soy sauce
1 tbsp rice vinegar
1 tsp sesame oil
Fresh cilantro leaves
These low carb, Paleo cauliflower garlic hashbrowns are AWESOME! Even picky eaters will love gobbling down this vegetable dish. It is one our favorite ways to serve up cauliflower! For directions, food Nutrition Facts label, and more recipe details CLICK HERE
1/2 med head of cauliflower
1/4 tsp garlic powder
1 TB minced onion or 1/4 tsp. onion powder
1 dash parsley
1 large egg (beaten)
fresh salt and pepper to taste
This rich creamy, cauliflower and cheddar bisque is bound to keep you toasty this fall. With cauliflower in season and the weather starting to change, this recipe is perfect this time of year. To get more bisque details, directions, and food Nutrition Facts label information CLICK HERE
1 head cauliflower
1 onion, sliced into ¼” rings
2 tbsp olive oil
1⁄2 tsp curry powder
1 tsp kosher salt
3 c water
2 tsp herbed vegetable broth powder or bouillon
1 tbsp chopped parsley, optional
Missed the other Cruciferous articles? Check out other members of the Cruciferous Family Brussels Sprouts, Broccoli, and Cabbage to fill your Cruciferous Carvings.
Foster, K. (November 5, 2014). “What’s the Deal with Orange and Purple Cauliflower?”
Retrieved from http://www.thekitchn.com/look-purple- and-orange- cauliflower-ingredient-
Mateljan, G. (2007) The world’s healthiest foods. Seattle: George Mateljan Foundation.
“The History of Cauliflower.” (2017). Retrieved from | <urn:uuid:daeb1b0b-6360-448a-8612-8579e604f847> | CC-MAIN-2023-40 | https://www.nutritionfactors.com/blog/cruciferous-part-4-cauliflower/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-40/segments/1695233511000.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20231002132844-20231002162844-00524.warc.gz | en | 0.928129 | 1,453 | 2.890625 | 3 |
Robots provide tranquillity and care
By Philippa Martin-King
For many severe health conditions such as Alzheimer's disease or autism, which statistics seem to indicate are on the rise, it has been shown that robotic assistance can help tremendously if not in supplanting human care, at least in supporting and supplementing it. Robots can help too in other areas of costly institutional care such as coaching for weight loss.
Need for robotic assistance to counter costly healthcare
Statistically, the incidence of degenerative or disabling health conditions among both the young and the elderly is rising. Younger generations have often moved away and settled down in distant places, so families have been split up and separated. That makes looking after elderly relatives a challenge. Finding carers to look after an ageing family member no longer able to cope for themself is difficult and costly, particularly from a distance. When a disabling health condition is diagnosed, the stress of the care and the financial burden may become acute. On the other end of the age scale, a child who is diagnosed with an autistic disorder although they may be capable of carrying out certain tasks, still requires additional special care that is both time-consuming and costly.
Inability to interact socially
Children suffering from autistic disorders and elderly sufferers of degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's are equally unable to interact socially. On the one hand, the children are incapable of making and maintaining friends and shy away from any social contact that to them appears threatening, and on the other, the afflicted adults become incapable of recognising social or family ties and are dependent on others for carrying out the simplest of tasks. In both cases, studies carried out with robots have shown positive results in having a calming and beneficial result.
Opportunity for robotic industry to become carers
Contrary to what people might first think, Dominique Sciamma, who heads the interactive Systems & Objects Design department of Strate Collège Designers in Paris, France, says that a robot does not necessarily have to take human form. Just as man can replace bits of himself – for example an arm with a robotic element that is able to take decisions – so any shape capable of building up a relationship with a human can prove positive.
Indeed, some studies have shown that if you provide a robot with a familiar form such as a person or pet and it doesn't behave according to expectations, people end up being disappointed. However if you base it on a less familiar form, such as a seal, they are likely to develop a better emotional attachment.
A creature patients can hold and touch
A Japanese-developed "socially-interactive robot", built on the model of a baby harp seal, has shown tremendous results in dealing with difficult Alzheimer's disease patients. The simple presence of a "creature" that the patient can touch and hold and that is able to respond in a minimal way, is sufficient to defuse the behaviour of the most hostile and angry adults.
The Paro robot was designed by Takanori Shibata of the Intelligent System Research Institute of AIST (Advanced Industrial Science and Technology), Japan in 1993. One of the class of service robots designed for a purpose other than manufacturing, it takes its inspiration from an unfamiliar animal, the baby harp seal that can be found in the north-eastern part of Canada. Despite its apparent passive cuddly look, under its layer of artificial fur and its electromagnetic shield that allows it to be used by people with a pacemaker, this autonomous robot is full of state-of-the-art electrotechnology.
Quoting the National Institute of AIST, "Paro has five kinds of sensors: tactile, light, audition, temperature, and posture sensors, with which it can perceive people and its environment. With the light sensor, Paro can recognize light and dark. He feels being stroked and beaten by tactile sensor, or being held by the posture sensor. Paro can also recognize the direction of voice and words such as its name, greetings, and praise with its audio sensor. Paro can learn to behave in a way that the user prefers, and to respond to its new name. For example, if you stroke it every time you touch it, Paro will remember your previous action and try to repeat that action to be stroked. If you hit it, Paro remembers its previous action and tries not to do that action. By interaction with people, Paro responds as if it is alive, moving its head and legs, making sounds, and showing your preferred behavior. Paro also imitates the voice of a real baby harp seal."
Perhaps it's as Alexandra Deschamps-Sonsino from the European funded LIREC (Living with robots and interactive companions) says: "Because we spend our lives creating emotional links with objects such as the vase our grandmother gave us, so we do with robots. Even though they too are objects, it makes us sad when they break down".
In the case of autistic children put in the presence of robots, it is thought that one of the benefits of interacting with a robot is that it does away with the normal human spontaneous emotions, sudden eye movements or fast facial or hand gestures that they find so difficult to decipher. By keeping these "alarming movements" to a minimum and removing the element of threat they constitute, the children relax and are able to cope better.
Chronic diseases are expensive
Another area of healthcare where robots are finding a new role as carers is in hospitals where they are used as a medium to ask patients personal questions. Cynthia Breazeal of the MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) Media Lab Personal Robots Group points out that robots can help build social rapport and long-term change. Because they are perceived as being non-judgmental and they do not suffer from burn-out like human carers, they are able to act as useful partners in helping people come to terms with chronic diseases and long-term needs such as losing weight.
Robots can become a useful health-coaching interface, motivating people to follow a doctor's strategy for relational development. They can help patients make healthy decisions and form healthy habits. On the whole people interact better with a robot than they would with a PC screen or a notepad. On scales of trust they perform better. So, when it comes to long-term patient follow-up, for example in the case of weight loss, the presence of a robot will tend to have a more beneficial result. | <urn:uuid:1d588193-d3ef-411d-87d9-39eaf658e292> | CC-MAIN-2015-06 | http://www.iec.ch/etech/2011/etech_0711/tech-3.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-06/segments/1422122691893.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20150124180451-00157-ip-10-180-212-252.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960257 | 1,326 | 2.578125 | 3 |
- 1 What are the races before the Kentucky Derby?
- 2 Do they kill horses after Kentucky Derby?
- 3 Why do horses die when they break a leg?
- 4 Can female horses run in the Kentucky Derby?
- 5 Can a woman wear pants to the Kentucky Derby?
- 6 Who was the fastest horse in Kentucky Derby history?
- 7 Do horses get hurt in Kentucky Derby?
- 8 How many horses die a year from racing UK?
- 9 Do whips hurt horses?
- 10 Can a horse live with 3 legs?
- 11 Why do horses die so easily?
- 12 Has a horse survived a broken leg?
What are the races before the Kentucky Derby?
The Kentucky Oaks is a Grade I stakes race for three-year-old Thoroughbred fillies staged annually in Louisville, Kentucky, United States. The race currently covers 11⁄8 miles (1,800 m) at Churchill Downs; the horses carry 121 pounds (55 kg). The Kentucky Oaks is held on the Friday before the Kentucky Derby each year.
Do they kill horses after Kentucky Derby?
Even horses that have won millions of dollars for their owners are sent to slaughter after they stop performing. Some are used for breeding, but after they stop producing they are shipped off to slaughter. “Kentucky Derby winner and Horse of the Year Ferdinand was slaughtered in 2002, in Japan,” states Forbes.
Why do horses die when they break a leg?
“If there was a fracture there, there’s all the tendons, the nerves and the blood vessels that a sharp edge of bone could cut. So, down the rest of the leg, there’s no blood supply to it, so the tissue may die, let alone having enough blood supply to heal.”
Can female horses run in the Kentucky Derby?
Winning Colors (1988), Genuine Risk (1980) and Regret (1915) are the only fillies to win the Kentucky Derby. Each raced against males in advance of running in the Kentucky Derby. Winning Colors and Genuine Risk are the only two fillies to compete in all three Triple Crown races.
Can a woman wear pants to the Kentucky Derby?
DO NOT wear jeans. Denim is a big NO-NO for this event. Derby day is a day for spring dresses (both long and short), suits, leather shoes and heels. If you insist on wearing pants at all, they should be loose, fancy, and paired with eye-catching accessories.
Who was the fastest horse in Kentucky Derby history?
The fastest time ever run in the Derby was in 1973 at 1:59.4 minutes, when Secretariat broke the record set by Northern Dancer in 1964 – a record time yet to be topped. Also during that race, he did something unique in Triple Crown races: for each successive quarter ran, his times were faster.
Do horses get hurt in Kentucky Derby?
Horse racing is not a sport. It’s a blood sport. Until the cruelty ends, please don’t go to the racetrack or have a Kentucky Derby party or watch the Triple Crown races on TV. Many fragile, young horses are injured and killed before they ever even race.
How many horses die a year from racing UK?
Factbox. Approximately 200 horses die every year on British racecourses. A horse’s heartbeat can increase tenfold during a race – from 25 beats per minute to an excessive 250 beats – leading to total exhaustion and sometimes collapse.
Do whips hurt horses?
There is no evidence to suggest that whipping does not hurt. Whips can cause bruising and inflammation, however, horses do have resilient skin. That is not to say that their skin is insensitive. Jockeys aren’t whipping their horses in the last 100m of a race to increase safety or to remind their horse to pay attention.
Can a horse live with 3 legs?
Horses can’t live with three legs because their massive weight needs to be distributed evenly over four legs, and they can’t get up after lying down. Horses that lose a leg face a wide range of health problems, and some are fatal. Most leg breaks can’t be fixed sufficiently to hold a horse’s weight.
Why do horses die so easily?
When heart rate and blood pressure increases, such as during hard exercise, playing in the pasture, the weak area can balloon and burst. As aorta is the main blood vessel coming out from the heart, the horse quickly hemorrhages and dies. There will be no warning that you can detect and the horse will die very quickly.
Has a horse survived a broken leg?
Breaks are most commonly heard of in racehorses, but any horse can break a bone in its leg. While euthanasia is often still the only option, advances in veterinary technologies and techniques mean some horses can be saved, and may even be able to return to their work in some capacity. | <urn:uuid:0d6cd112-9804-4fd1-8bc6-5b8b7a3c638b> | CC-MAIN-2021-39 | https://www.sshorsestables.com/faq/readers-ask-what-horse-faltered-at-the-start-of-the-der-y.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2021-39/segments/1631780057427.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20210923165408-20210923195408-00438.warc.gz | en | 0.943128 | 1,040 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Nekhbet, Goddess of Upper Egypt,
Childbirth and Protector of Pharaoh
Nekhbet (Nekhebet, Nechbet) was the predynastic vulture goddess who was originally a goddess of a city, but grew to become patron of Upper Egypt, a guardian of mothers and children, and one of the nebty (the 'two ladies') of the pharaoh. "She of Nekhb", named after the town Nekhb (El Kab) , was a local goddess who, with the rise of the pharaohs, became the great goddess of all of Upper Egypt, while the other 'lady', Uatchet (Uatch-Ura, Wadjet), became goddess of Lower Egypt. These two goddesses were linked closely together due to the Egyptian idea of duality - there must be a goddess for both of the Two Lands. Nekhbet became Upper Egypt (the south) personified.
She was depicted as a woman wearing the crown of Upper Egypt or the vulture headdress, a woman with the head of a vulture, as a full snake or as a full vulture with the White Crown on her head, her wings spread in protection while holding the shen (shn) symbol of eternity in her talons. She was often shown with Uatchet, who was shown as an identical goddess - either as a woman or a snake - wearing the crown of Lower Egypt.
Nekhbet was given the title the 'White Crown', and depicted with this crown, because of her link with the rulership of Upper Egypt. By dynastic times, she was more a personification than an actual goddess and so Nekhbet was often used (with Uatchet) as a heraldic device around the sun disk or the royal name and were part of the royal insignia. The earliest found representation of the nebty title was in the reign of Anedjib, a pharaoh of the 1st Dynasty. From the 18th Dynasty onwards, she began to be represented as protecting the royal women in the form of one of the twin uraei on the headdresses of the queens.
Linked to the pharaoh and the crown, she often appears in war and offertory scenes, in vulture form hovering over the head of the pharaoh, holding the shen symbol and the royal flail. Yet she also is shown sometimes as a divine mother of the pharaoh, suckling him herself. It was in her mothering role that she was known as the 'Great White Cow of Nekhb', where she was described as having pendulous breasts. She was seen as the pharaoh's own protective goddess, right from his birth until his death.
It was mostly during the later times that she was venerated as a goddess of birth, specialising in the protection and suckling of both the gods and the pharaohs. Unlike Heqet and Taweret, she was never a popular goddess of the people due to her very close association with rulership. It was only during the New Kingdom that the people started worshiping her as a protector of mothers and children as well as being the goddess of childbirth. Until then, she had strictly been a protector of the pharaoh.
In Southern Africa, the name for an Egyptian vulture is synonymous with the term applied to lovers, for vultures like pigeons are always seen in pairs. Thus mother and child remain closely bonded together. Pairing, bonding, protecting, loving are essential attributes associated with a vulture. Because of its immense size and power and its ability to sore high up in the sky, the vulture is considered to be nearer to God who is believed to reside above the sky. Thus the qualities of a vulture are associated with Godliness. On the other hand the wide wingspan of a vulture may be seen as all encompassing and providing a protective cover to its infants. The vulture when carrying out its role as a mother and giving protection to its infants may exhibit a forceful nature whilst defending her young. All these qualities inspired the imagination of the Ancient Egyptians. They adopted what seemed to them at the time to be motherly qualities, the qualities of protecting and nurturing their young.
-- Ma-Wetu, The Kiswahili-Bantu Research Unit for the Advancement of the Ancient Egyptian Language
Nekhbet was thought to be the wife of Hapi, in his Upper Egyptian aspect. She was also linked to Horus in his role of god of Upper Egypt. Due to her vulture form, she was linked to the goddess Mut, the mother goddess and wife of Amen. Both Mut and Nekhbet were a particular type of vulture - the griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus). It was the griffon vulture that was usually related to the goddesses and to royalty.
Yet she also had a fierce side, as most Egyptian protective deities did. She was linked to war and combat. In many war scenes, it is she who hovered above the pharaoh, protecting him from his enemies. In the story of Horus and Set, when Horus is trying to find and rout the followers of Set, Horus pursued them in the form of a burning, winged disk, attended by both Nekhbet and Uatchet as crowned snakes, one on each side of him. In this form, she was given the title 'Eye of Ra', and was thus linked to the other goddesses who took this title - Bast, Tefnut, Sekhmet, Hathor, Isis, and her 'twin' in duality, Uatchet.
There are actually two sections to Nekhb ... In a smaller enclosure is the Temple of Nekhbet, with its several pylons, hypostyle hall in front, a mamissi (birth house) dedicated to Nekhbet (the embodiment of Hathor). The temple was begun around 2700 BC, and enlarged in by later pharaohs of the 18th through 30th dynasties, including Tuthmosis III, Amenophis II, and the Ramessids The second part of the ruins is the necropolis, which is situated on a rocky outcrop.
-- El Kab and El Ahmar, TourEgypt
A temple of Nekhbet was built at Nekhb, along with the temple's birth house, smaller temples, the temple's sacred lake and some early cemeteries. It is possible that it was first built during the Early Period, but major building projects were started during the 18th Dynasty. The remains of the temple, though, belong to the works of the pharaohs of the 29th and 30th Dynasties. Nekhbet was venerated at this temple, inside the town of Nekhb itself, throughout most of Egypt's long history.
From local goddess of a predynastic town to the goddess of Upper Egypt, Nekhbet became one of Egypt's symbols. From the personal protector of the pharaoh and she who bestowed the white crown to the pharaoh, she became the symbol of rulership in ancient Egypt. And from the wet nurse of pharaoh to the guardian of mothers and infants, she took on the role of protector, she moved from the pharaoh's own goddess to one who looked after mothers and children through the whole land. She was worshiped as a goddess as well as being the personification of the south, the vulture goddess who was one half of a manifestation of the idea of duality that was a basis of ma'at for as long as the pharaohs ruled Egypt. She was more than just a goddess - she was half of the land of Egypt itself.
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Tour Egypt aims to offer the ultimate Egyptian adventure and intimate knowledge about the country. We offer this unique experience in two ways, the first one is by organizing a tour and coming to Egypt for a visit, whether alone or in a group, and living it firsthand. The second way to experience Egypt is from the comfort of your own home: online. | <urn:uuid:672ee1dc-92c8-4968-ac85-a7cde60da851> | CC-MAIN-2015-14 | http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/nekhbet.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-14/segments/1427131300031.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172140-00159-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985516 | 1,668 | 2.75 | 3 |
Lady Barn House School was founded in 1873 by W.H.Herford, the educational pioneer, Unitarian minister and one-time tutor to Lord Byron’s grandson.
It was announced in the Manchester Guardian that: “Mr & Mrs Herford propose to begin, at Easter next, a Day School for Boys and Girls, to be received between the ages of seven and ten, and retained until thirteen.” The advertisement drew just nine pupils.
Herford founded his school on the principles and techniques that he had witnessed in Switzerland and Germany. These innovative methods echoed the pedagogical ideals of Froebel and Pestalozzi. He was also one of the first educationalists to advocate co-education, a kindergarten for the pupils under six and oppose the brutal methods practised in some Victorian schools.
Lady Barn's founder in his last year - William Henry Herford 1820-1908
Educational visionary & pioneer
Herford was a visionary and innovator who firmly believed that the cornerstone of education should be a reverence for the child. With this in mind, he planned that his pupils would be happy in their learning environment and thus they would be able to thrive and flourish and face their future with confidence. Lady Barn became one of the first co-educational schools in the country. Boys and girls learnt side by side, allowing their natural traits to compliment one another and assist each other in their learning. Herford was passionate about educational reform, he campaigned vehemently for female university education. At the time, his ideas, methods and beliefs would have undoubtedly been highly controversial and strongly opposed in certain quarters.A KIND MAN, FULL OF FUN & LAUGHTERHerford's former pupils described him as "a kind man", who was "full of fun and enthusiasm". He had a rosy face and could often be seen taking small children for their midday walk, he would have a happy child clinging to each hand as he went on his way. He is also remembered as a highly entertaining storyteller, who would have children hanging on his every word and at other times in fits of laughter. Each Friday, his stories would be eagerly awaited by those who had earned their "golden time".
To Learn through discoveryHis aim was to bring objects and facts into close contact with each child’s mind and senses. To do this he taught through a tactile and experiential style. He turned his back upon dictatorial approaches and encouraged his pupils to develop their own ideas through discovery. His curriculum was designed to exercise both the mind and body through the “wholesome toil of thought, correctness of eye and neatness of hand.” He prepared his charges to be ready for their future lives.
Herford's signature from 1871
From Lady Barn House to Mauldeth RoadHerford's first school "The Day School for Boys and Girls" was situated in a semi-detatched property in the Wilmslow Road between Fallowfield and Withington. In 1889 the School moved to 'Ladybarn House' in Mauldeth Road and it was from this building that Lady Barn House School took its name. This property still exists.
Lady Barn House School - Mauldeth Road
Miss.C.Herford 1886-1907In 1886, at the age of 67 years, W.H.Herford retired from Lady Barn but spent his time travelling and campaigning for education reform and the rights of females to equality in education. He eventually retreated to his summer house, Torbay Lodge, Paignton where he continued to write and publish his work. Caroline, his able daughter, arrived from Cambridge to take up the headship. She brought with her three of her contemporaries and maintained the spirit and high standards of her father’s school. W.H.Herford lived to the grand old age of 88 before passing on in 1908. As a mark of respect, Lady Barn held the first 'Founders'Day' in his honour. C.P.Scott - Chairman 1904-1934In 1904, C.P.Scott, the celebrated newspaper editor and owner of the Manchester Guardian, joined the School as the Chairman of the Ladybarn Council. All his children would pass through Lady Barn and 15 of his grandchildren. He gave thirty years of acumen and financial support to the School. Notably, it was in the Drawing Room at Ladybarn House that C.P.Scott and Miss Herford co-founded the Withington Girls School. C.P.Scott arranged for the School to be taken out of private ownership and into a company.
C.P.Scott - Chairman of the Ladybarn Council (30 years)
Miss Beard 1907-1915In 1907, Miss Herford left her positon as headmistress to care for her recently bereaved father and to marry. At the time, it was not lawful to be a married woman and to teach. Miss Herford recommended that Miss Beard should take over from her as headmistress. Miss Beard's grandfather had taught W.H.Herford at Manchester College, York.In 1908, in response to the passing of W.H.Herford, Miss Beard introduced Founders' Day. It took place on the third Wednesday of October in the Michaelmas Term. The children hoisted the school flag and marched into the school hall for a special assembly where their Miss Beard addressed the school and reminded everyone of their responsibility ".....to not drag down the standard" set by W.H. and Miss Herford.
Lady Barn House School, 1913, Miss Beard seated centre, 2nd row
Miss.R.H.Rees 1915-1917In 1915, Miss Rees, another associate of Miss.Herford, began her two-year tenure of headship. Her time coincided with the First World War and under her leadership the School responded to a plea from the Flanders trenches. Former-Lady Barn pupils, serving as officers appealed for knitted mittens, mufflers and balaclavas. These were duly knitted and supplied and letters were exchanged.
Lady Barn House School, 1915, Miss Rees second row at the centre (photo taken in the grounds of Withington Girls School)
MISS.I.LAWRENCE 1917-1922Between 1917 and 1922, Miss Lawrence held the headship, pupil numbers declined & turmoil ensued until the arrival of the much vaunted and longest serving Lady Barn head, Miss Jenkin-Jones (1922-1960).
MISS.C.M.JENKIN JONES 1922-1960Miss Jenkin Jones arrived via Cambridge University where she had read Mathematics. During her time, Dame Kathleen Ollerenshaw attended the school. She wrote of her vivid memories of Miss Jones. She commented that Miss Jones had inspired her to become a mathematician.She also said, "She had a shiny face that had never known make-up. She was strict and sometimes fierce but she was always kind to me. In the next four years she fed my passion for numbers."
Dame Kathleen - picture is featured in the National Portrait GalleryIn 1970, Kathleen was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for her "services to education" (becoming a dame is the female equivalent of the knighthood). In 1984 she was awarded the 'Freedom of the City of Manchester', the highest honour the city could bestow. Previously she had served as Lord Mayor of Manchester.UNIVERSITY of Manchester & Great Budworth evacuationIn 1931, due to increasing economical pressure, the decision was taken to accept assistance from the University of Manchester. Ladybarn allowed student teachers to train at the school. In 1939 at the start of the Second World War, the School was evacuated to Great Budworth and away from the Nazi bombing of Manchester.
Possible Closure?.......THE TRADITION CONTINUESThe war caused the University of Manchester to withdraw its support of Ladybarn. Unbeknown to the University, Miss Jenkin Jones took charge of Ladybarn and became proprietor and headmistress. The School moved to Cheadle Hulme and iys 3rd location. It was spread over two locations. At Ashdale lessons were delivered and the boarding house and meals were taken at Moseley Grange where Miss Jones' apartment was located.Miss. Jenkin Jones continued to take great care to preserve the School's traditions. She remains the longest serving head of the school, some 38 years. in 1952 she had the School tranfered into a Lady Barn Housr School Ltd. The old 'Ladybarn' was dropped to be replaced by 'Lady Barn House School'.
Sports Day, Ashdale, 1952 - Pyjama Race
Speech Day 1954 - Parish Hall, Cheadle HulmeIn 1960, due to ill-health, Miss Jones suddenly announced her retirement. Instead of seeking a purchaser, she presented the school, its buildings and all its contents to the remaining directors who then became trustees who would then carry the School forward. A non-profit charitable trust was created. Even today, this incredible act of generosity has not been forgotten as Miss. Jones' portrait hangs at the foot of the main stairs in Langlands.
Miss Jenkin Jones - Headmistress 1922 - 1960
In 1960, Miss Noakes took up the headship and within a year the school took the decision that would ultimately change Lady Barn's destiny. A new era began when the school moved to Langlands House. Both school buildings had been sold and a further £15,000 was raised to adapt the old doctor's house into a school.Despite the new surroundings the pupil numbers still dwindled. These were troublesome times for Lady Barn!
Langlands House before the arrival of Lady Barn We can reflect now that the move to Langlands proved to be a master-stroke because in years to come the School would be ideally placed for the A34 bypass and within easy access of the M60 motorway. Residential development in the area has continued to increase alongside an influx of upwardly mobile professional people.
Lady Barn House School, Langlands 1961
The appointment of a new headmaster saw the School slowly turn around. In September 1971, with closure a real prospect, Dr.Richard Stone and his fellow directors appointed Mr.Bonner. He was promptly informed that "the school had began with a headmaster so it might as well finish with one too!"
Langlands early 1970's - with newly constructed GymnasiumUnder the charismatic leadership of Mr.Bonner, and his Deputy - Mr.Ward, the School grew to become one of the most respected 3-11 independent co-educational primary schools in the North West of England. Pupil numbers rose from barely 100 to over 400. In 1995, Mr Bonner honoured the legacy of Lady Barn’s founder, W.H.Herford, when a new building was named after him. Herford House was constructed to provide specialist facilities for the Early Years and the Upper Junior pupils.
Construction of Herford House 1995 At Easter 2002, Mr Bonner announced his retirement, leaving a thriving school. The actions of Mr.Bonner and his colleagues had significantly moved the School forward. Upon his retirement he commented: “It is our task to educate future generations…we must lead them into the light of pleasure of knowledge.”
Mrs.S.Yule 2002 - 2011Mrs Yule became headmistress of Lady Barn and she led the School with grace and energy. She maintained impeccable standards and inspired the school to achieve excellent ISI inspection reports in 2005 and 2011. She had boundless enthusiasm and vision to lead.
Mrs.Yule, Headmistress - 2002 to 2011A programme of improvements and modernisation of facilities have ensued since 2005. These have been wide ranging and have included:
- Infant and Junior Libraries
- Scott House - Performing Arts Building (Music room, Drama Studio & Dance Studio)
- ICT refurbishment
- On-going refurbishment across the School
- Flood-lit astro-turf playground
Our curriculum continues to be enriched to meet the demands of our ever changing society. Today, Lady Barn remains a pioneering school that combines traditional values with a modern outlook. We are a thriving community, that retains a happy, caring, family atmosphere. We continue to strive to provide the very best education that incorporates the latest educational thinking with the highest possible standards of pastoral care.We remain true to the vision of William Henry Herford, we are passionately dedicated to each child’s wellbeing and to developing each child’s potential in as many areas as possible. We believe that a good education lasts a lifetime. We are thankful to our founders and those who have served this wonderful institution over the years. And in the spirit of Herford’s founding words - we promise to work tirelessly to ensure that every child shall never be deprived of the right to discover.Mr.D.SladeDeputy Headmaster
*The research for this page is an on-going project. Should you have any further information which you would like to share or if you are aware of any inaccuracies please do not hesitate to contact Mr.Slade and he will be pleased to amend this page. | <urn:uuid:39a73c6b-1c33-438d-b89a-f9b29a973c7a> | CC-MAIN-2014-35 | http://www.ladybarnhouse.stockport.sch.uk/about-school/history-school | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2014-35/segments/1409535922763.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20140909054251-00407-ip-10-180-136-8.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979795 | 2,723 | 2.515625 | 3 |
A farm in Awjilah
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Awjila (Berber: Awilan, Awjila, Awgila; Arabic: أوجلة; Latin: Augila) is an oasis town in the Al Wahat District in the Cyrenaica region of northeastern Libya. Since classical times it has been known as a place where high quality dates are farmed. From the Arab conquest in the 7th century, Islam has played an important role in the community. The oasis is located on the east-west caravan route between Egypt and Tripoli, and on the north-south route between Benghazi and the Sahel between Lake Chad and Darfur, and in the past was an important trading center. It is the place after which the Awjila language language, an Eastern Berber language, is named. The people cultivate small gardens using water from deep wells. Recently, the oil industry has become an increasingly important source of employment.
Awjila and the adjoining oasis of Jalu are isolated, the only towns on the desert highway between Ajdabiya, 250 kilometres (160 mi) to the northwest, and Kufra, 625 kilometres (388 mi) to the southeast. An 1872 account describes the cluster of three oases: the Aujilah oasis, Jalloo (Jalu) to the east and Leshkerreh (Jikharra) to the northeast. Each oasis had a small hill covered in date palm trees, surrounded by a plain of red sand impregnated with salts of soda. Between them these oases had a population of 9,000 to 10,000 people. The people of the oasis are mainly Berber, and some still speak a Berber-origin language. As of 2005 the Awjila language was highly endangered.
The Awjila (Augila) oasis is mentioned by Herodotus (c. 484 – 425 BC). He describes the nomadic Nasamones who migrated between the coasts of Syrtis Major and the Augila oasis, where they may have exacted tribute from the local people. Herodotus says it was a journey of ten days from the oasis of Ammonium, modern Siwa, to the oasis of Augila. This distance was confirmed by the German explorer Friedrich Hornemann (1772 - 1801), who covered the distance in nine days, although caravans normally take 13 days. In the summer the Nasamones left their flocks by the coast and travelled to the oasis to gather dates. There were other permanent inhabitants of the oasis.
Ptolemy (c. 90 – 168) implies that the Greek colonists had forced the Nasamones to leave the coast and take up residence in Augila. Procopius, writing around 562, says that even in his day sacrifices continued to be made to Ammon and to Alexander the Great of Macedon in two Libyan cities that were both called Augila. He was probably referring to what are now El Agheila on the Gulf of Sirte and the oasis of Awjilah. According to Procopius the temples of the oasis were converted into Christian churches by the Byzantine Emperor Justinian I (c. 482 – 565). The 6th century geographer Stephanus of Byzantium described Augila as a city.
Early Arab era
The Arabs launched a campaign against the Byzantine Empire soon after the Prophet Muhammad died in 632, quickly conquering Syria, Persia and Egypt. After occupying Alexandria in 643, they swept along the Mediterranean coast of Africa, taking Cyrenaica in 644, Tripolitania in 646 and Fezzan in 663.
The region around Awjila was conquered by Sidi ‘Abdullāh ibn Sa‘ad ibn Abī as-Sarḥ. He was the Prophet's companion and standard bearer, and an important saint. His tomb was established in Awjila around 650. A modern structure has since replaced the original tomb. The Sarahna family, who consider themselves the family of Sidi Abdullah, are the protectors of his tomb. When the Senussi center was established in Awjila in 1872, the Sarahna assumed the role of Islamic teachers.
After being introduced in the 7th century, Islam has always been a major influence on the life of the oasis. The Arab chronicler Al-Bakri says that there were already several mosques around the oasis by the 11th century. According to oral tradition, in the 12th century a learned man from the coast of Tripolitania said that there were forty shrines in Awjila, and forty saints hidden among the people of the oasis. By the late 1960s only sixteen shrines remained. Some of the saints in the surviving tombs lived during the early years of Islam, and the details of their life and even their family lineage have been forgotten.
In the 10th century Awjila was a stage on the trading route between the Ibadi Berber capital of Zuwayla[a] in the Fezzan and the newly established Fatimid capital of Cairo in Egypt. The east-west caravan route from Cairo to Tripoli, the Fezzan and Tunis went via Jaghbub, Jalu and Awjila. In the early Mamluk era (13th century), trade from Egypt was along a route that led via Awjila to the Fezzan, and then on to Kanem, Bornu and to cities such as Timbuktu on the Niger bend. Awjila became the main market for slaves from these regions. Most of these slaves supplied domestic needs. Gold was purchased from Bambouk and Bouré in what is now Senegal but then was part of the Mali Empire of the Mandinka people. In exchange, Egypt exported textiles.
During the Ottoman period in Egypt, Awjila lay on the route taken by pilgrims traveling from Timbuktu via Ghat, Ghadames and the Fezzan, avoiding the main Ottoman centers. In 1639 Awjila came under the rule of the Turkish ruler of Tripolitania, who stationed a permanent garrison at Benghazi. In the 18th century, the merchants of Awjila held a monopoly over the trade between Cairo and the Fezzan. Describing the trade between Egypt and Hausaland, Hornemann lists:
... slaves of both sexes, ostrich feathers, zibette (musk from civet cats), tiger skins (sic), and gold, partly in dust, partly in native grains, to be manufactured into
rings and other ornaments for the people of interior Africa. From Bornu, copper is imported in great quantity. Cairo sends silks, melayes (striped blue and white calicoes - i.e. milayat, wrappers, sheeting) woolen cloths, glass... beads for bracelets, and an... assortment of East India goods... The merchants of Bengasi usually join the caravan from Cairo at Augila, import tobacco manufactured for chewing, or snuff, and sundry wares fabricated in Turkey...
Around 1810 a Majabra trader from Jalu named Schehaymah became lost while travelling to Wadai via Murzuk in the Fezzan. He was found by some Bidayat, who took him via Ounianga to Wara, the old capital of Wadai. The Sultan of Wadai, Abd al-Karim Sabun (1804-1815) agreed with Schehaymah's proposal to open a caravan route to Benghazi along a direct route through Kufra, and Awjila / Jalu. This new route would bypass both Fezzan and Darfur, states that until then had controlled the eastern Saharan trade. The first caravans travelled the route between 1809 and 1820.
The trade was disrupted for a while in the 1820s due to political instability in Wadai, but starting in the 1830s every two or three years a caravan would travel the route. Usually there were two or three hundred camels carrying ivory and skins, along with a batch of slaves. Trade increased from the 1860s. The main stations between Benghazi and the southern terminal at Abéché were the assembly point at Awjila / Jalu where the caravans were made up, and the center at Kufra where food and water could be obtained. Later the north-south route again grew in importance due to disruption of traffic on the Nile by the Mahdist revolution in the Sudan.
Muhammad ibn Ali as-Senussi stayed in Jalu and Awjila before opening his first lodge in al-Baida in 1843. Over the next ten years the lodges of the Senussi became established throughout the Bedouins of Cyrenaica. Later they spread the Senussi influence further south, helping quell violence and resolve trade disputes. Each post on the north-south route, including Awjila, was protected by a Senussi sheikh. As late as 1907, a significant amount of the trade passing through Benghazi was in goods carried over this route, and goods would also have been routed from interior points such as Awjila and Jalu east to Egypt and west to Tripoli.
Today the main activities of the people in Awjila are agriculture and working for the oil sector companies, as this area is the cradle of Libyan wealth. The main crops are dates from the many varieties of palm trees, tomatoes, and cereals. The Awjila oasis is known for the high quality of its dates. Starting in the 1960s, the oil industry drove growth in the once-sleepy village. In 1968 the population of the village was about 2,000 people, but by 1982 it had risen to over 4,000, supported by twelve mosques. A 2007 travel guide gives the population as 6,790.
The Great Mosque of Atiq is the oldest masjed (mosque) in the Sahara with its unique style of architecture with rooms that are naturally air conditioned. In the scorching heat of the summer days the rooms are cool and at night they are warm. The oasis was a destination for viewing the Solar eclipse of March 29, 2006.
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- Oliver, Roland Anthony; Atmore, Anthony (2001-08-16). Medieval Africa, 1250-1800. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-79372-8. Retrieved 2013-03-27.
- Petersen, Andrew (2002-03-11). Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-0-203-20387-3. Retrieved 2013-03-24.
- Smith, Sir William (1872). Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. John Murray. p. 338. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
- Walz, Terence (1975). "Egypt in Africa: A Lost Perspective in Artisans et Commercants au Caire au XVIIIe Siecle by Andre Raymond". The International Journal of African Historical Studies (Boston University African Studies Center) 8 (4). Retrieved 2013-03-25. | <urn:uuid:96a89a1b-9f67-4b19-aa85-1b1539f5cccb> | CC-MAIN-2015-18 | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awjilah,_Libya | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2015-18/segments/1430453257153.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501040737-00097-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88144 | 3,364 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The US laboratory Pfizer’s vaccine is generally less effective against Omigran, but protects against 70% of serious illnesses, according to a study released Tuesday in South Africa and found a new variant in November. There are many uncertainties as to the nature of this new form of Govt-19. According to the first observations of scientists, it is highly contagious, but an unusually high number of mutations raise many fears about its ability to resist the vaccine.
Discovery, the country’s leading private medical insurer, has teamed up with scientists from the South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC) to conduct 78,000 PCR trials based on the results from November 15 to December 7.
“The double dose of the Fischer vaccine shows a 70% effectiveness in reducing hospital admissions,” Discovery chairman Ryan Noch told a news conference online. This vaccine was previously 93% effective against acute illness.
In general, “the effectiveness of the vaccine is significantly reduced with a higher number of brief contaminants in vaccinated individuals,” he continued. The study shows a previous dominant variant with an efficiency of 80% against the delta, with a higher number of re-infections, and a 33% efficacy against the risk of contamination.
But Dr. Cheryl Cohen of the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NICD), who took part in the study last year, said “the severity of the cases is 25% lower than the first wave of the epidemic.”
Glenda Gray, head of the SAMRC General Medical Research Organization, described the results as “very encouraging”, recalling that “the vaccine is designed to protect against hospitalization and death.”
“Despite the less severe cases, the level of pollution in health systems may be high, considering the rapid spread of Omicron,” he said. Noch warned.
South Africa has seen a rapid increase in pollution since the appearance of Omigron, which is responsible for 90% of cases. It is officially the most infected African country with more than 3.1 million cases and more than 90,000 deaths.
A quarter of the 59 million population is fully vaccinated, which is much higher than elsewhere in Africa but far behind the rest of the world.
The country administers the Johnson & Johnson & Pfizer vaccines, of which more than 20 million doses have been vaccinated to date. The government recently announced a third drug that will start in January.
“Music geek. Coffee lover. Devoted food scholar. Web buff. Passionate internet guru.” | <urn:uuid:696f7bfb-a5b4-48c4-afb6-c02afc861b6a> | CC-MAIN-2022-05 | http://nasdaqnewsupdates.com/the-double-dose-of-pfizer-vaccine-protects-70-of-omigran-in-severe-cases/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-05/segments/1642320305006.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220126222652-20220127012652-00141.warc.gz | en | 0.961071 | 529 | 2.875 | 3 |
Lewis Rothstein, URI professor of oceanography, said, “A great deal remains to be learned about ocean iron fertilization and how effective it could be in storing carbon dioxide in the oceans, and the formation of this consortium is an important first step.”
Twelve member institutions of the In Situ Iron Studies (ISIS) consortium have signed a memorandum of understanding agreeing to support iron fertilization experiments in the open ocean in order to answer the many unknowns about the role of iron in regulating the ocean’s capacity to remove atmospheric carbon dioxide. Members will follow internationally agreed practices regulating ocean iron fertilization research being developed under the London Convention/London Protocol.
Through the process of photosynthesis, tiny marine plants called phytoplankton use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide drawn down from the atmosphere into organic compounds they need to grow. When they die, a small fraction of the organic carbon sinks to the seafloor where it can remain locked away for decades or centuries.
According to Rothstein, phytoplankton need iron to grow, but large tracts of the sunlit surface ocean are iron deficient, which limits phytoplankton growth. Previous studies have demonstrated that iron fertilization can stimulate phytoplankton growth, but these studies have been limited in scope and in measuring sequestered carbon dioxide, so additional studies are needed.
Iron fertilization of the ocean involves the intentional addition of iron – usually chemical-grade iron sulfate – to an area of the sea to promote the growth of plankton.
The ISIS consortium is calling for additional research to be conducted into geo-engineering techniques such as iron fertilization to reduce the threats from climate change, but it also believes that these techniques should not be implemented before their efficacy and potential impacts are better understood. And if ever deployed, consortium members agree that they must be part of a comprehensive and aggressive global effort to limit and eventually eliminate carbon emissions.
“This is not a call for climate engineering; on the contrary this is a research consortium. It is premature to advocate for large-scale ocean iron fertilization, but it is time to conduct a focused research experiment that will examine the concept as comprehensively as we can,” said Rothstein. “We want to make sure that it doesn’t generate harmful side effects that might negatively affect the marine ecosystem.”
The idea of ocean fertilization is a controversial one. Some detractors cite the risk of unintended environmental impacts, and the objective of the ISIS consortium is to provide insight into these concerns. Other opponents say ocean fertilization could distract from efforts to reduce carbon emissions into the atmosphere.
In addition to URI, the ISIS consortium members are the Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, Australia; the National Oceanography Centre, United Kingdom; Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California; Netherlands Institute for Sea Research; University of Hawaii; University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; University of Maine; University of Massachusetts Boston; University of Plymouth, United Kingdom; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; and Xiamen University, China.
Additional information about the consortium can be found at http://isisconsortium.org. | <urn:uuid:6ca09aea-dddf-4fc8-b2e2-bba75565af2c> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | https://today.uri.edu/news/uri-international-consortium-to-study-iron-fertilization-of-oceans/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463607811.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170524093528-20170524113528-00509.warc.gz | en | 0.920113 | 653 | 3.109375 | 3 |
The peasants, including serfs, freeman and villeins, on a manor lived close together in one or more villages. Their small, thatch-roofed, and one-roomed houses would be grouped about an open space, or on both sides of a single, narrow street. The only important buildings on that time were the parish church, the parsonage, a mill, and possibly a blacksmith's shop. The population of one of these villages often didn't exceed in one hundred people.
Medieval village life during the Middle Ages was self-sufficing. Perhaps the most striking feature of medieval village life was its self-sufficiency. The inhabitants tried to produce at home everything they required in order to avoid the uncertainty and expense of trad. The land gave them their food; the forest provided them with wood for their houses and furniture.
Life of the Peasants and the Lords
Life in a medieval villages was rude and rough. The peasants labored from sunrise to sunset, ate coarse fare, lived in huts, and suffered from frequent pestilences. They were often the helpless prey of the feudal nobles. If their lord happened to be a quarrelsome man, given to fighting with his neighbors, they might see their lands ravaged, their cattle driven off, their village burned, and might themselves be slain. Even under peaceful conditions the narrow, shut-in life of the manor could not be otherwise than degrading. Under feudalism the lords and nobles of the land had certain rights over medieval serfs and peasants which included the right of jurisdiction, which gave judicial power tot he nobles and lords and the right of hunting.
There were positive points of peasants and their village life in the middle ages. If the peasants had a just and generous lord, they probably led a fairly comfortable existence. Except when crops failed, they had an abundance of food, and possibly a cider drink. They shared a common life in the work of the fields and in the services of the parish church. | <urn:uuid:9add6396-f578-426b-b7bf-1774b416ac7c> | CC-MAIN-2018-39 | http://atingeofsilence.blogspot.com/2012/08/boccaccios-time-medieval-time-part2.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-39/segments/1537267161214.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20180925063826-20180925084226-00230.warc.gz | en | 0.98267 | 410 | 3.765625 | 4 |
Phonetic: ah-GAH-sta-kee fin-ICK-yoo-lum
Anise Hyssop is an upright, clump forming plant that retains its's beauty throughout the season. Aromatic leaves have a licorice scent and are well known for its many herbal benefits. Blossoms retain their fragrance and color when dried and are used in dried flower arrangements and potpourri. Many bees and butterflies visit to feed on the nectar and pollen rich blooms. Hummingbirds will also visit as well as song birds when the flowers go to seed.
- Hardiness: 3-8
- Native Region: USDA Plant Database
- Sun Exposure: Full to Partial Sun, Part Shade
- Flower Color: Blue
- Bloom Time: June, July, August, September
- Soil Type: Dry - Medium
- Mature Plant Size: 2-4'H, 1-3'W
- Plant Spacing: 12"
- Host Plant:
- Attracts: Bees, Birds, Butterflies
- Advantages: Culinary and medicinal uses, fragrant, deer resistant, drought tolerant, easy to grow
- Landscape Uses: Cottage gardens, cut flowers, dried flower arrangements, perennial borders, pollinator gardens
- Companion Plants: Bee Balm, Garden Phlox, Lavender, Purple Coneflower, Sneezeweed
- Deer Resistant | <urn:uuid:5ae541b9-9c0c-48a2-96c1-d31f36a6532f> | CC-MAIN-2023-23 | https://bagleypondperennials.com/products/anise-hyssop-agastache-foeniculum | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2023-23/segments/1685224656737.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20230609132648-20230609162648-00566.warc.gz | en | 0.879058 | 297 | 2.859375 | 3 |
The Secret to Engaging StudentsJuly 27, 2016
Have you ever been in school or attended a training class at work and asked yourself, “When will I ever use this information?” I have to admit that when I was a student, I thought it to myself. As a teacher, I promised my students would never ask me this question.
If students don’t feel a class is relevant, they become unengaged and put forth less effort. We see this in high school dropout research. America’s Promise Alliance (2014) surveyed nearly 2,000 students and found that 25.9% of them dropped out because they found school boring, and 20.3% dropped out because school didn’t relate to their life.
When I was assigned my first science classroom in Arizona, I immediately dove into my state standards. The first standard required students to learn the name of the eight moon phases. Let’s be honest: a person can maneuver successfully through the world without having this information memorized. My challenge quickly became clear. How do I make moon phases relevant to my students’ lives, so they are engaged in their learning?
The answer was simple. The most needed real-life skill is the ability to think critically. I knew then that I would engage my students, not by asking them to memorize the moon phases, but by teaching them to think.
I began searching for resources to help me create a lesson plan that would require my students to think, not memorize. That’s when I ran across a rough draft of the Common Core State Standards. They hadn’t yet been finalized and hadn’t yet been adopted by Arizona. The first writing standard for middle school science asks students to write arguments to support their claims with reasons and evidence that show they understand a topic or something they’ve read. This standard became my muse as I wrote my lesson plan.
In the lesson, my students read an article about a profitable business (not moon phases) that included the words waxing, waning, crescent, and gibbous. They had to use the text to write a definition for these four vocabulary words, and then use evidence from the text to support why their definitions were accurate. Afterwards, I demonstrated the moon going through its phases as it revolves around Earth, and students used their organic definitions to determine the phase names.
To be completely honest, some of my 7th grade kiddos complained a bit. As I walked around providing support, there was whining such as, “Mrs. Dale, this is so hard” and “I can’t do this.” As a teacher, I’m a cheerleader, so I countered with, “You’re right. This is hard, but you’ve got this,” and “You can do this; don’t give up.” I realized this was a great opportunity to teach my students not to quit just because something was difficult. In the end they loved the challenge and some even thanked me later, perceiving the lesson as proof that I thought they were smart.
Many of them had never encountered such a cerebral activity, but once their confidence increased, I noticed every student was engaged. I am proud to say that all students, even those with disabilities, successfully completed the activity. My students learned the names of the moon phases because they were engaged in a challenging activity that was teaching them something useful for their future: how to think critically about what they read, create definitions using clues from their reading, support their claims, and use their reading to solve a problem.
Students in my classroom aren’t bored but instead are engaged. I require them to think, not to memorize random facts. My students don’t back down from high standards that require reading of high-level texts, analyzing them, and drawing conclusions from them. Instead, my students celebrate when I announce we have a “thinking lesson today.” I’m often told that they came to school because they didn’t want to miss science class.
How powerful if every student was taught to think critically while being exposed to thoughtful instruction. School would be more relevant, more exciting. Students would want to attend school, which would increase their learning, and, hopefully increase the likelihood that they’ll graduate and go on to college or a fulfilling career.
The Common Core State Standards inspire me to teach science in a way that engages my students in a meaningful fashion, so they are also learning to think about text, analyze data, and support claims. I challenge you to dive into the Common Core State Standards, not with a spirit of compliance or disinterest. Go looking for a muse. Let yourself be inspired by the high expectations you see there. And create lessons that inspire your students – to read closely, to reason, to think.
Tara Dale is an ecology and biology teacher at Desert Ridge High School in the Gilbert Unified School District. She earned her Bachelors of Science degrees in Psychology and Biology from Arizona State University. Her Master’s in Secondary Education is from University of Phoenix. Mrs. Dale has been honored with such titles as Educator of the Year, Innovation Hero, and most recently Arizona Teacher of the Year Ambassador for Excellence. | <urn:uuid:fa95d066-b5be-4097-b8d0-b89dbaa0c45d> | CC-MAIN-2017-22 | http://www.educatorsforhighstandards.org/the-secret-to-engaging-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-22/segments/1495463613780.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170530031818-20170530051818-00223.warc.gz | en | 0.977597 | 1,098 | 2.9375 | 3 |
Note that both Hebron (where Sarah lived) and Beersheba (where Keturah lived) are in Idumea. Abraham's territory extended between the settlements of his two wives and was entirely in the region the Greeks called Idumea.
"Edo monarchs demonstrate strong affinity with ancient Egyptian Gods and Pharaohs, with which they share identical authority, grandeur and a great deal of reverence from their subjects. Like the Pharaohs, Idu (Edo) monarchs are God-kings. Because they are God-kings and God-sons, they are considered divine and worshipped by their subjects, who speak to them always with great reverence, at a distance, and on bended knees. Great ceremonies surround every action of the Edo king. The kings of Benin (Bini) also adopt grand Osirian titles of the ‘Open Eye,’ signifying omniscience and omnipotence. Edo monarchs, when they transit to the beyond, are, like the Egyptian Pharaohs, set up in state, in a linked series of underground chambers, surrounded with their paraphernalia of power, and all of the items they would require for their comfortable sojourn in the ethereal world" (From here.)
Edo, Edomite, Idoma and Idumea are related words. The Greeks called the inhabitants of this region "Idumeans" (people with a reddish skin tone, like the Igbo of Benin). The ancient name of Edo is Idu. Idu was the progenitor of the Edo or Idoma. Hence the expression: “Iduh the father of Idoma.” The royal lines of the Edo have been orally transmitted. Iduh begot six sons: Ananawoogeno who begot the children of Igwumale; Olinaogwu who begot the people of Ugboju; Idum who begot the people of Adoka; Agabi who begot the people of Otukpo; Eje who begot the people of Oglewu; Ebeibi who begot the people of Umogidi in Adoka, and Ode who begot the people of Yala.
A Nabataean bronze object has been found in Wādī Mūsā, near Petra. The inscription mentions a priest and his son and is dedicated to Obodas the god in Gaia. Gaia was in the mountains to the east of Petra. The text is dated to the reign of the last Nabataean king, Rabbel II (70–106 AD). Obodas, the first ruler of Petra in Edom, took his title from the Edo name for ruler which is Oba. It appears that the Edo conception of the deified ruler was found among the Edomites of Petra. This title was used also among the Ainu and in the history of Japan "obitos" refers to regional rulers.
The prophet Obadiah was from Edom, according to the Talmud, and said to have been a friend of the Horite ruler Job. Genesis 36 lists the Horite ruling family of Edom. Among them were two Horite rulers named Esau, as shown in the diagram below.
Related reading: Solving the Ainu Mystery; Petra Reflects Horite Beliefs; The Edomites and the Color Red; Why Does Genesis Speak of Gods? | <urn:uuid:d10902fd-815d-4857-8d22-e6ae8a66e646> | CC-MAIN-2018-22 | http://jandyongenesis.blogspot.com/2014/03/edo-edom-and-idumea.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2018-22/segments/1526794867041.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20180525043910-20180525063910-00599.warc.gz | en | 0.966947 | 717 | 2.75 | 3 |
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