input: [Format specifier] %d, %i [Argument type] integer type [Characters matched] 
output: integer
options: a n y s i n g l e c h a r a c t e r
options: i n t e g e r
options: o c t a l i n t e g e r
options: h e x i n t e g e r
options: f l o a t i n g p o i n t n u m b e r
options: a d d r e s s f o r m a t
options: a n y s e q u e n c e o f n o n - w h i t e s p a c e c h a r a c t e r s