Input: [0] Access [1] Mainly held in libraries or on subscription-based databases - few are freely available on the WWW. [3] Many titles available from major newsagents, public libraries and some university libraries. [4] Available in supermarkets and newsagents. [5] Available in newsagents. [2]

Output: Mainly held in libraries or on subscription-based databases. Commonly available as part of professional / trade association membership.


Input: [0] Examples [1] American Economic Review Australian Journal of Psychology [3] Bulletin (Sydney) Current Affairs Bulletin Scientific American Time (Sydney) [4] Readers Digest National Geographic New Idea Sports Illustrated [5] Australian Financial Review Morning Bulletin Courier Mail [2]

Output: Advertising Age Nursing Times Drug Topics


Input: [Scholarly] Sober and serious. Few illustrations. Many charts, graphs, and equations. [Popular] Flashy and glossy. Many illustrations. Fewer charts and graphs. No equations. [If electronic?] You won’t see the cover and may not see the illustrations and/or charts. [0]

Output: Overall appearance

Scholarly vs. Popular – Research Guides | ZSR Library


Input: [Scholarly] Few, if any, ads. Most ads will be for books, other journals, and academic conferences. [Popular] Many slick ads for consumer products. [If electronic?] Ads typically won’t be available. [0]

Output: Advertising

Scholarly vs. Popular – Research Guides | ZSR Library


Input: [Scholarly] Other scholars and students. Uses scholarly terminology. [Popular] General public. Language is accessible to most readers. [If electronic?] Apparent in e-version. [0]

Output: Audience

Scholarly vs. Popular – Research Guides | ZSR Library


Input: [Scholarly] Experts in the field. Authors’ academic affiliations are listed. [Popular] Reporters and freelance writers. Names and affiliations may not be listed. [If electronic?] If available, affiliations are typically listed in the e-version. [0]

Output: Authors

Scholarly vs. Popular – Research Guides | ZSR Library


Input: [Scholarly] Generally longer. [Popular] Generally shorter. [If electronic?] Apparent in e-version. [0]

Output: Article length

Scholarly vs. Popular – Research Guides | ZSR Library


Input: [Scholarly] Often very structured with abstracts, methodology, and conclusions. [Popular] Comparatively unstructured. [If electronic?] Apparent in e-version. [0]

Output: Article structure

Scholarly vs. Popular – Research Guides | ZSR Library


Input: [Scholarly] Includes extensive footnotes and/or a bibliography. [Popular] Rarely includes footnotes or a bibliography. [If electronic?] Apparent in e-version. [0]

Output: References

Scholarly vs. Popular – Research Guides | ZSR Library


Input: [Scholarly] Uses a “peer review” or “referee” process, in which articles are reviewed by other experts in the field. (Check for an “Instructions for Authors” section.) [Popular] Articles are reviewed by editors before publication. [If electronic?] Some databases allow you to limit your search to “peer reviewed” journals. [0]

Output: Article Acceptance and Editing

Scholarly vs. Popular – Research Guides | ZSR Library


Input: [0] Content [Scholarly] Report or research; conclusions based on data [Popular]

Output: Personal narrative; news; opinion


Input: [0] Author [Scholarly] Expert with credentials in the discipline [Popular]

Output: Non-expert, often a professional writer


Input: [0] Audience [Scholarly] Scholars in the discipline [Popular]

Output: Public or non-specialists


Input: [0] Language [Scholarly] Terminology of the field [Popular]

Output: Everyday language


Input: [0] Features [Scholarly] Analysis and explanation [Popular]

Output: Eye-catching photos, illustrations


Input: [0] Authority [Scholarly] Footnotes and/or bibliography [Popular]

Output: Few or no references to sources


Input: [0] Periodical Type [Scholarly] Journal [Popular]

Output: Magazine


Input: [0] Examples (periodicals) [Scholarly] Nursing Research, J. of Sports Medicine [Popular]

Output: Reader’s Digest, Sports Illustrated


Input: [0] Examples (books) [Scholarly] Principles of Anatomy and Physiology [Popular]

Output: Our Bodies, Ourselves


Input: [Feature] Examples [Magazine] Atlantic Monthly, Harper's, U.S. News & World Report [Journal]

Output: Animal Behaviour, Journal of Conflict Resolution, Social Science and Medicine

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Advertising [Magazine] Highly visible, glossy, and eye-catching [Journal]

Output: Advertising, if any, is usually professional and related to the field

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Articles [Magazine] Author(s) of the article are not always apparent [Journal]

Output: Author(s) pf the article always prominent

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Audience [Magazine] General public, hobbyists, or fans [Journal]

Output: Targeted audience of scholars or professionals

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Authors [Magazine] Authors are generalists, staff writers, or freelance writers [Journal]

Output: Authors are experts in their fields, either professional practitioners or university scholars

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Citations [Magazine] Sources of information are not fully cited and do not include a bibliography, footnotes, or endnotes [Journal]

Output: Sources are always fully cited, footnotes or endnotes are always provided

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Format [Magazine] Informal, conversational style is used to engage the audience [Journal]

Output: Formal structure often used, with a standard bibliographic citation style

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Frequency [Magazine] Usually weekly or monthly [Journal]

Output: Usually monthly or quarterly

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Publisher [Magazine] Published commercially [Journal]

Output: Often published by a university or professional association

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Purpose [Magazine] To provide news or entertainment [Journal]

Output: To present new research findings to professionals or scholars in their field of study

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Review Policy [Magazine] Articles selected by an editor or editorial board [Journal]

Output: Articles are "peer-reviewed," or selected by a panel of experts

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [Feature] Style [Magazine] Common vernacular is used [Journal]

Output: Specialized or technical language of the field is used

Creighton University : Comparing Magazines and Journals


Input: [0] Name [1] Description [3] Source [2]

Output: Subject

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] ARTstor [1] Database of art images [3] ARTstor [2]

Output: Art

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] SPORTDiscus with Full Text [1] Provides access to the full text for more than 500 journals in all areas of sports & sports medicine literature. [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Athletic Training

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Business Insights: Essentials [1] Covers 3,900 full text periodicals, extensive company profiles, investment reports, market research and industry reports [3] Gale [2]

Output: Business

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Business Source Premier NEW! [1] Provides access to the full text for more than 2,300 journals, dating to 1886, covering all disciplines of business, including marketing, management, MIS, POM, accounting, finance and economics [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Business

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Kansas City Business Journal [1] Provides access to the Kansas City Business Journal and more than 40 other business newspapers [3] American City Business Journals [2]

Output: Business

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Regional Business News [1] Provides access to the full text of more than 80 regional business publications, including all metropolitan and rural areas within the United States [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Business—News

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Censtats Database [1] Census maps, building permit statistics, county business patterns, and other databases from the Census Bureau [3] US Census Bureau [2]

Output: Census Data--US

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] American Chemical Society (ACS) eJournals [1] Provides access to all 44 journals published by the American Chemical Society (ACS). Subjects include Chemistry, agriculture, engineering, environmental sciences, medicine and physics [3] American Chemical Society [2]

Output: Chemistry Physics

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Communication Source NEW! (Replaces Communication & Mass Media Complete) [1] Provides access to the full-text of more than 600 journals in communication, linguistics, rhetoric and discourse, speech-language pathology, media studies and related fields. Developed from a merger of EBSCO’s Communication and Mass Media Complete and Communications Abstracts (formerly published by Sage) [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Communication Media Studies Linguistics Rhetoric

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] SAGE: Communication Studies [1] Provides access to the full-text of Sage journals in Communication Studies [3] Sage [2]

Output: Communication

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Criminal Justice Abstracts with Full Text NEW! [1] Provides access to the full-text of nearly 300 journals covering criminology, criminal justice, corrections and prisons, criminal investigations, forensic sciences, substance abuse and addiction and probation and parole [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Criminal Justice Corrections and Prisons Forensics Substance Abuse

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Education Research Complete [1] Provides access to the full-text of more than 1,200 journals covering topics from early childhood to higher education, and all educational specialties, such as multilingual education, health education, and testing [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Education Source NEW! (Replaces Education Full-Text) [1] Provides access to the full-text of more than 1,800 education journals. Developed through the merger of databases from EBSCO and H.W. Wilson [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] ERIC [1] (Education Resource Information Center) Provides access to more than 323,000 full-text education and research documents [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] MAS Ultra—School Edition [1] Full text for 500 popular, high school magazines, 360 full text reference books, 85,670 biographies and an image collection of 510,000 photos [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Middle Search Plus [1] Full text for a variety of popular middle school magazines. All full-text articles are assigned a reading level indicator (Lexiles). Full text is also available for thousands of biographies and historical essays [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Primary Search [1] Provides access to the full text of more than 70 popular, magazines for elementary school research. All full text are assigned a reading level indicator (Lexiles) [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Professional Development Collection [1] Provides access to more than 500 education journals, targeting professional educators [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] The Student Research Center [1] Interface designed for students in grades 6 through 12 with the most appropriate research tools to easily obtain the information that they need from EBSCO databases [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Teacher Reference Center [1] Provides indexing and abstracts for 280 of the most popular teacher and administrator journals. [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Mental Measurements Yearbook with Tests in Print [1] Guide to 2,000 contemporary testing instruments. Includes evaluations of test products for psychology, education, business, and leadership and a bibliography of all known commercially available test currently in print in the English language. [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Educational Testing Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] GreenFILE [1] Contains the full text for more than 4,700 records covering all aspects of human impact to the environment, including global warming, green building, pollution, sustainable agriculture, renewable energy, recycling, and more [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Environmental Studies Global Warming Renewable Energy Green Building

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Consumer Health Complete [1] Patient information database on health-related topics [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Healthcare—Consumer Education

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Heritage Quest [1] US Census tracts 1790-1940 and other information useful to historians, social sciences classes and genealogists [3] ProQuest [2]

Output: History Social Sciences Genealogy

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] European Views of the Americas: 1493 to 1750 [1] Guide to printed records about the Americas written in Europe before 1750, containing more than 32,000 entries [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: History—US—17th-18th Centuries

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Accessible Archives [1] Digital archive of 18th-19th century newspapers, periodicals and American county histories [3] Accessible Archives [2]

Output: History—US—18th-19th Centuries

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] 19TH Century Newspapers Digital Archive [1] Digital archive of 19th century U.S. newspapers [3] Gale [2]

Output: History—US—19th Century

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Humanities eBook [1] Provides access to approximately 4,000 eBooks in the Humanities [3] ACLS [2]

Output: Humanities

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] International Security & Counter Terrorism Reference Center [1] (ISCTRC) Contains hundreds of full text journals pertaining to terrorism and security. [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: International Terrorism Security

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Library, Information Science & Technology Abstracts [1] Provides access to abstracts of more than 750 journals in library science, information management and more [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Library Science

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Literature Resource Center [1] Provides access to full-text articles from scholarly literary journals and magazines, critical essays, work and topic overviews, full-text works, biographies, and more [3] Gale [2]

Output: Literature

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia [1] Provides access to more than 25,000 encyclopedic entries covering a wide-variety of subject areas [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Muliti-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Academic Search Premier [1] Provides access to the full text for 4,600 journals, including 3,900 peer-reviewed titles [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Directory of Open Access Books [1] Provides access to more than 2,000 freely-available scholarly eBooks in a wide range of discplines [3] DOAB [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Directory of Open Access Journals [1] Provides access to nearly 10,000 freely-available scholarly journals in a wide-range of disciplines [3] DOAJ [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Discovering Collection [1] Essays, critical analyses, biographies, primary sources in history, literature, biography, science and social studies [3] Gale [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] eJournal & eBook Search [1] Search for eJournals and eBooks contained in Park University library’s eBook and Database collections [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] EBSCO [1] Provides access to several dozen databases containing thousands of full-text articles supporting a wide-range of disciplines [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] EBSCO eBooks [1] Provides access to a collection of more than 140,000 ebooks in the Liberal Arts & Sciences, Business, Education, Technology and more Please see this important notice regarding Adobe Digital Editions (used to download EBSCO eBooks) [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Gale Virtual Reference Library [1] eBook collection containing reference works on business, education, the environment, history, biography, international affairs, law, literature, multicultural studies, religion, science and the social sciences [3] Gale [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Hathi Trust [1] Provides access to Park University library’s book, eBook and database collections using a single Google-like search interface [3] Hathi Trust [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Humanities International Complete [1] Provides access to the full text of more than 1,200 humanities journals, books and other published sources from around the world. [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Information Please [1] Almanac (i.e., contains astronomical and meteorological data for a given year and a miscellany of other information) [3] Information Please [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] JSTOR [1] Provides access to an archival collection of several hundred scholarly journals in the in the humanities, social sciences, education, business and science [3] JSTOR [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Lexis Nexis Academic [1] Provides access to business and financial news, case law, more than 650 city and college newspapers and magazines, TV, radio and Congressional transcripts, and newswire services [3] Lexis Nexis [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] MasterFILE Premier [1] Provides access to the full-text of more than 2,000 periodicals and books covering general reference, business, health, education, general science, multicultural issues and more. Also contains an image collection of over 500,000 items [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Pirate Search NEW! [1] Provides access to Park University library’s book, eBook and database collections using a single Google-like search interface [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Multi-disciplinary

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Science Reference Center [1] Provides access to the full text for 640 science encyclopedias, reference books and periodicals covering biology, chemistry, earth & space science, environmental science, history of science, life science, physics, technology and more [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Natural and Physical Sciences

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Newspaper Source [1] Provides full text for over 40 (US) & international newspapers, selective full text for 389 regional (US) newspapers and full text television & radio news transcripts [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: News

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Newswires [1] Provides access to top international news from Associated Press, United Press International, PR Newswire, Xinhua, CNN Wire, and Business Wire on a rolling 30-day archive [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: News

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] MEDLINE [1] Provides citations from over 5,400 current biomedical journals in medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, health care system, pre-clinical sciences and more [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Nursing Medicine

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Nursing Reference Center [1] Evidence-based information resource designed for nurses, containing point-of-care resources, continuing education materials, nursing skill sets and more [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Nursing

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] CINAHL Plus with Full Text [1] (Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) Contains more than 770 full-text journals indexed in CINAHL— for all areas of nursing and allied health literature [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Nursing and Allied Health

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] SAGE: Political Science [1] Provides access to the full-text of Sage journals in Political Science [3] Sage [2]

Output: Political Science

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] PsycARTICLES [1] Provides access to nearly 80 full text, peer-reviewed scholarly psychology journals. Developed by the American Psychological Association [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Psychology

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] PsycINFO [1] Provides abstracts to more than 3 million articles, books and dissertations in the behavioral sciences and mental health, including international journals and books. Developed by the American Psychological Association. [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Psychology

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Social Science Full Text [1] Provides access to more than 300 journals published in the social sciences, including social work, political science, psychology, urban studies, economics, communication, law, mass media and international relations [3] EBSCO [2]

Output: Social Sciences

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] SAGE: Sociology [1] Provides access to the full-text of Sage journals in Sociology [3] Sage [2]

Output: Sociology

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [0] Learning Express [1] Contains professional and occupational practice tests, skill-building courses, software tutorials, computer and internet basics and more. [3] Learning Expresss [2]

Output: Training—Career and Vocational

Park University : McAfee Memorial Library


Input: [Database] Child Development & Adolescent Studies [Details]

Output: A source of references to the current and historical literature related to the growth and development of children through the age of 21. The database includes all issues of Child Development Abstracts & Bibliography from 1927 - 2001 previously published by the Society for Research in Child Development plus new coverage on child rights and welfare issues. Book reviews and abstracts from hundreds of journals and a bibliography of thousands of technical reports, books, book chapters, theses and dissertations covering biomedical and social sciences worldwide are indexed.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] Child Welfare Information Gateway [Details]

Output: Formerly the National Clearinghouse on Child Abuse and Neglect Information and the National Adoption Information Clearinghouse, the Child Welfare Information Gateway provides access to information and resources to help protect children and strengthen families. This is a service of the Children's Bureau, Administration for Children and Families, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health) [Details]

Output: Provides authoritative coverage of the literature related to nursing and allied health. Virtually all English-language publications are indexed along with the publications of the American Nurses Association and the National League for Nursing. In total, more than 1200 journals are regularly indexed; online abstracts are available for more than 800 of these titles. Many records are provided with associated full-text and images. The database also provides access to healthcare books, nursing dissertations, selected conference proceedings, standards of professional practice, educational software and audiovisual materials in nursing. Covers 1982 to date.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] Studies on Women and Gender Abstracts [Details]

Output: An international abstracting service covering women's studies. The database comprises abstracts of journal articles and books dating back to 1995.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] Autism Data [Details]

Output: Autism Data is produced by the National Autistic Society and contains published material on autism and Asperger syndrome. The database lists over 25,000 published research papers, books, articles, videos and other materials. The contents include bibliographic records of all the items in The National Autistic Society Information Centre Library, together with the details of research articles on autism published in journals which are not part of the society's holdings. Abstracts are available for many of the records on the database and both simple and advanced search options are available.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] British Education Index [Details]

Output: Provides information on research, policy and practice in education and training in the UK. The index covers all aspects and fields of education from pre-school to adult and higher education. Strengths include coverage of aspects of educational policy and administration, evaluation and assessment, technology and special educational needs. Database sources include education and training journals, mostly published in the UK, plus monographs, book reviews, policy and conference papers, research reports and theses. Some international material is also included.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] ERIC (Educational Resources Information Center) [Details]

Output: An online digital library of education research and information sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. The database has an American focus but also indexes international educational material. Coverage includes journal articles, books, ERIC Digests, research reports, conference papers, theses and other education-related materials. Abstracts are available for many of the records and data is available from 1966 onwards with links to over 337,000 full text documents.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] AgeInfo [Details]

Output: An information service about old age and ageing provided by the Centre for Policy on Ageing. AgeInfo provides a bibliographic database of books, articles and reports from the specialist collection on social gerontology held at the Centre; detailed information about organisations active in the field in the United Kingdom, Europe and World-Wide; an international calendar of events listing courses, conferences, meetings, and training sessions.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] PILOTS [Details]

Output: An electronic index to the worldwide literature on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental-health consequences of exposure to traumatic events.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] Medline on OvidSP [Details]

Output: Produced by the US National Library of Medicine, Medline on OvidSP covers the international literature on biomedicine, including the allied health fields and the biological and physical sciences, humanities, and information science as they relate to medicine and health care. Information is indexed from approximately 5,600 journals published world-wide. Data available goes back to 1966 and the database is updated weekly.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] Scopus [Details]

Output: A large abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature: scientific journals, books and conference proceedings. Scopus has journal coverage in many subjects across the fields of science, technology, medicine, social sciences, and arts and humanities.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] Zetoc (Electronic Table of Contents) [Details]

Output: Provides access to the British Library's Electronic Table of Contents (ETOC). The database covers all subjects and contains details of approximately 20,000 current journals and 16,000 conference proceedings published per year. The database includes almost 15 million references to articles from 1993 to date and is updated daily. Some records include abstracts, when present these are found on the 'Full record' page. Document delivery is offered as well but this is at your cost. An email alerting service is available that aims to help you keep up-to-date with relevant new articles and papers.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] EThOS (Electronic Theses Online Service) [Details]

Output: The UK�s national thesis service. EThOS aims to provide an aggregated record of all doctoral theses awarded by UK Higher Education institutions and free access to the full text of as many theses as possible for use by all researchers to further their own research. The year range of the included theses depends on the participating institutions. The database is updated at least weekly with new records from UK Higher Education Institutions and theses harvested from UK HEI Repositories. Theses are also digitised when ordered by users and these are loaded on a daily basis. Please note: UK theses not available on EThOS can be requested via the Inter-Library Loan service

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [Database] ProQuest Dissertations & Theses: UK & Ireland [Details]

Output: Also known as Index to Theses, this database offers the most comprehensive available listing of doctoral theses, with abstracts accepted for higher degrees by universities in the United Kingdom and Ireland, since 1716. Bibliographic listings for content for 1950-1986. Abstracts for content since 1986 with some additional 15,000 citations added annually.

Bristol University | Library | Policy studies resources and support


Input: [DATABASE] Beacham's Guide to the Endangered Species of North America [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Presents extensive data on the habitats and ecosystems of more than 1,200 species identified as endangered or threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife service Entries include introductory information with an image of the species; a summary section detailing information on each species; a concluding summary of recovery efforts; and a bibliography of contacts for further information. 2000 Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Biography Reference Bank [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Contains biographical information on approximately half a million people, from antiquity to the present, along with thousands of images. Contains the full text of the articles from more than 100 volumes of biographical reference books Contains millions of magazine citations to biographical information Searchable by name, profession, title, place of origin, gender, race/ethnicity, titles of works, date of birth, date of death, keyword, and presence of images.

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Britannica Online [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Authoritative articles from the print Britannica Hundreds of articles not yet in the print Britannica Britannica Book of the Year Britannica Classics-- articles by famous contributors from past editions Links to related Internet resources Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Building Blocks of Matter [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Reviews all observed and theoretical particles known to date Retraces the history of each particle's discovery and function, and covers current research, practical applications both hypothetical and actual Provides biographical entries of significant scientists working in the field 2003 edition Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Comprehensive Composite Materials Encyclopedia [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Equivalent of the 6 volume print edition Covers composite materials including fibers; polymer, metal and ceramic matrices; testing and applications. 2000 edition Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering [ACCESS] WSU Pullman and WSU TriCities only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Comprehensive guide on raw production technology with more than 3000 references and nearly 2000 photographs, figures, tables, and equations Examines the role of engineering in delivery of quality consumer products Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Animal Science [ACCESS] WSU Pullman only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: 300 entries cover the broad field of Animal Science Current information covering a broad spectrum of topics related to the biology, production, and uses of animals and their products Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering [ACCESS] WSU Pullman only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Multidisciplinary resource surveying the biomaterials and biomedical engineering technologies utilizing biomaterials 9000 literature citations, 200 chemical structures and equations, and 350 color graphics Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Chromatography [ACCESS] WSU Pullman and WSU TriCities only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Covers all types of chromatography and hyphenated techniques Contains over 300 chapters, 2600 cited works, and 1000 drawings, equations, tables, and photographs Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Database Technologies and Applications [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Contains clear and concise explanations on a wide-ranging collection of diverse coverage of topics related to database concepts, technologies, and applications Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Distance Learning [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Covers technologies and techniques related to distance learning Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Energy [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Covers the broad field of energy in over 250 illustrated articles Includes biographies of people who made significant contributions to the science and technology of energy 2001 Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Information Science & Technology [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Covers current concepts, issues and emerging technologies Contains more than 550 articles Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology [ACCESS] WSU Pullman only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Covers the design, application, and utilization of devices, techniques, and technologies critical to research at atomic, molecular, and macromolecular levels ranging from 1-100 nanometers Identifies current challenges and development paths Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Pest Management [ACCESS] WSU Pullman and WSU TriCities only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Covers all aspects of pest management Guide for students, scholars, workers, the public and policy makers Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Plant & Crop Science [ACCESS] WSU Pullman and TriCities only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Covers classic and modern studies in plant biology in conjunction with research, applications, and innovations in crop science Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Soil Science [ACCESS] WSU Pullman and WSU TriCities only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Provides complete information on chemistry, analysis, and evaluation of soils and geography Focuses on agriculture development in the third world Special emphasis on research on sustainable management of natural resources, soil productivity and environmental quality Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Encyclopedia of Water Science [ACCESS] WSU Pullman WSU TriCities only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Provides information on the most effective procedures in agricultural water engineering Provides a reliable source for best practices in water handling, preservation, and recovery Full text Under continual revision

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Fact Search [ACCESS] WSU - Pullman only [DESCRIPTION]

Output: A guide to statistical statements on current social, economic, political, environmental and health issues Information derived from newspapers, periodicals, newsletter and documents Frequently contains Web links to free full text 1984- Updated quarterly

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Grove Dictionary of Art [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Contains 45,000 articles on every aspect of the visual arts � painting, sculpture, graphic arts, architecture, decorative arts and photography � from prehistory to the present day Represents the work of more than 6,800 scholars from around the world, each writing on his or her own specialist field of study Updates continually

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Grove Dictionary of Music & Musicians [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: The standard dictionary for the subject area Search the full text of over 25 million words Includes hundreds of carefully selected and classified links to musical sites around the world and a timetable of reviews

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Information on all groups of animals Incorporates recent developments in the animal world 2004 edition Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Index with summaries to the largest reference work ever published for the social and behavioral sciences Covers social and behavioral sciences including evolutionary science; genetics, behavior, and society; behavioral and cognitive neuroscience; psychiatry; and health

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Oxford Dictionary of National Biography [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: 50,000 biographies of people who shaped the history of the British Isles Earliest times to 2001 Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Oxford English Dictionary [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: THE authority on word origins Provides definition, pronunciation, word origins, quotes using the word, and date chart showing when the word came into use Provides capability to link directly to specific information in the dictionary from another web site Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Oxford Reference Online [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Over 160 encyclopedias, dictionaries, almanacs and handbooks on all subject areas Search at the entry screen or click on Subjects and Books to see titles included Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy [ACCESS] Unrestricted [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Dynamic reference work with articles on all aspects of philosophy Articles by experts in the field Archived quarterly Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Details the state of scientific and technological knowledge in all areas of industrial chemistry. Includes 800 articles written by3000 experts, more than 15,000 tables, 25,000 figures, 16 million words. Articles being prepared for the sixth edition (1998 until completed) are replacing those from the 5th edition (1985 to 1996) on a quarterly basis.

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] Weather Almanac [ACCESS] WSU All [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Presents hundreds of in-depth weather records for 108 major U.S. cities and a climatic overview of the country Includes 33 U.S. weather atlas maps Contains explanations, safety rules and statistics for hurricanes, tornadoes and more 2004 edition Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [DATABASE] World Almanac [ACCESS] WSU all [DESCRIPTION]

Output: Covers arts and entertainment, U.S. cities and states, people, nations, sports, the environment, vital statistics, science and technology, and much more Full text

WSU Libraries Encyclopedias, dictionaries, etc


Input: [Time Frame of Event] Seconds/minutes/hours Provides sketchy details, may be inaccurate but good for firsthand accounts [Information Resource]

Output: Television/radio/internet


Input: [Time Frame of Event] Next day or two More details and greater accuracy, the first rough draft of history [Information Resource]

Output: Newspapers


Input: [Time Frame of Event] Next week Written for a general audience, provides a more comprehensive summary of event with some commentary, generally lacks references [Information Resource]

Output: Popular magazines


Input: [Time Frame of Event] Six months or more In depth analysis of event written by experts in their field. In most cases, bibliographies and references will be present. For most college level papers, you should be using articles from scholarly journals. [Information Resource]

Output: Scholarly Journals


Input: [Time Frame of Event] One year or more Scholarly books will offer an indepth examination of a topic with footnotes, references and bibliographies while popular books tend to be broader, have less depth and lack comprehensive references [Information Resource]

Output: Popular and scholarly books


Input: [Time Frame of Event] Several years Factually accurate, offer a broad perspective that is relatively objective and are good resources for context and background information [Information Resource]

Output: Reference Sources Encyclopedias Almanacs Handbooks etc...


Input: [Scholarly Journals] To present and report on original research findings in a specific field / discipline [Trade Journals] To identify profession / industry trends and developments, and provide practical advice [Popular Magazines] To inform and entertain a general audience, produced and sold for profit [0]

Output: Purpose

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [Scholarly Journals] Plain, “serious” cover Text with black & white graphs, charts, and photographs which support the author’s research [Trade Journals] Generally glossy cover Color photographs and illustrations used to support the article as well as draw in readers [Popular Magazines] Glossy cover Color photographs and illustrations used to support the article as well as draw in readers [0]

Output: Appearance

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [Scholarly Journals] Expert, scholar, or researcher in the field / discipline [Trade Journals] Practitioner within the profession / industry or specialty journalist [Popular Magazines] Magazine writer or free-lance writer. Credentials often not provided [0]

Output: Authorship

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [Scholarly Journals] Lengthy articles with abstract, literature review, methodology, results conclusion, and bibliography Uses technical terminology of the specific field / discipline [Trade Journals] Brief articles with no set structure Uses jargon of the specific profession / industry [Popular Magazines] Usually brief articles but can be longer and sometimes structured Uses simple language , meeting a minimum education level [0]

Output: Structure & Writing Style

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [Scholarly Journals] Articles reviewed and evaluated by other experts in the field / discipline (peer reviewed / refereed) [Trade Journals] Articles may be reviewed by one editor with knowledge related to the topic [Popular Magazines] Articles are not evaluated by experts in the discipline, but by editors on staff [0]

Output: Validity

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [Scholarly Journals] Each article includes full footnotes and/or bibliographies [Trade Journals] Some articles include brief footnotes and/or bibliographies [Popular Magazines] Very few articles include bibliographies [0]

Output: Bibliography

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [Scholarly Journals] American Journal of Education Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society Modern Fiction Studies [Trade Journals] Indiana Business Instrumentalist Preaching [0]

Output: Examples

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [0] Purpose [Popular Magazines] To report on the research of others, to inform, to entertain, and/or to sell products [Trade Publications] To provide information to people working within a specific industry or profession [Scholarly Journals]

Output: To present original research in an academic area

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Appearance [Popular Magazines] Usually glossy paper; heavily illustrated with photos, illustrations, graphics [Trade Publications] Often contain charts, graphs, and some illustrative material relevant to a specific industry or profession [Scholarly Journals]

Output: Plain, serious look; may contain charts and graphs; seldom have glossy photos

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Author [Popular Magazines] Journalists, staff writers, freelance writers [Trade Publications] Professionals in the industry of the publication [Scholarly Journals]

Output: A scholar or researcher in an academic field

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Audience [Popular Magazines] General public [Trade Publications] People working within a specific industry [Scholarly Journals]

Output: Scholars and students in an academic field

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Research Methods [Popular Magazines] Sources may sometimes be cited in text, but information is often secondhand or thirdhand with no original source cited [Trade Publications] Articles might contain market statistics, industry trends, product information, but rarely references [Scholarly Journals]

Output: References cited in footnotes and/or bibliographies

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Article Length [Popular Magazines] Shorter articles with broad overviews of topics [Trade Publications] Usually short articles, press releases [Scholarly Journals]

Output: Long, in-depth articles

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Review Methods [Popular Magazines] Not peer-reviewed, but generally reviewed by an editor and/or fact checker [Trade Publications] Not peer-reviewed, but generally reviewed by an editor or an industry marketing rep [Scholarly Journals]

Output: Peer-reviewed by a group of scholars in the specific academic discipline before being accepted for publication

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Language [Popular Magazines] Can range from language geared to an educated audience to simple language written for a lower reading level [Trade Publications] Written using the terminology of the professional field [Scholarly Journals]

Output: Academic language of a specific discipline may be used; may assume some scholarly background on the part of the reader

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Publisher [Popular Magazines] Commercial publishers [Trade Publications] Commercial publishers, professional organizations [Scholarly Journals]

Output: Often an academic association or university

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Advertising [Popular Magazines] Almost always contain ads [Trade Publications] Usually contain advertising related to the industry [Scholarly Journals]

Output: Very little

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Sample Titles [Popular Magazines] The Economist; National Geographic; Psychology Today; Sports Illustrated [Trade Publications] Radio and Records; Advertising Age; Purchasing; Broadcasting and Cable [Scholarly Journals]

Output: American Economic Review; Archives of Sexual Behavior; Journal of Communication; Journal of Business Ethics

General Research Guides > Menlo College Bowman Library


Input: [0] Author Is a journalist, student, popular author; or may not be listed

Output: Is a noted professional or expert

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [0] Advertising Significant amount

Output: Very little or highly specialized

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [0] Audience Basic reading level for a general audience

Output: Advanced reading level; may have specialized vocabulary

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [0] Bibliography, Sources or List of Works Cited Articles rarely include references, bibliographies or lists of works cited

Output: A list of references is included at the end of each article

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [0] Indexing Articles are listed in general databases and indexes; for example Reader's Guide, Sirs or Periodicals Index

Output: Articles are listed in specialized databases and indexes; for example PsycINFO, Biosis or Humanities Index

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [0] Level of Language broad and simple language, general topics, written to be understood by almost anyone

Output: higher level language, topics are more narrowly focused, serious tone, words used are specific to a discipline, written by experts

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [0] Purpose Current events, general interest items

Output: Discusses a specific scholarly field

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [0] Review Policy Editor or editorial board are members of the magazine's staff

Output: Articles are reviewed by peers; experts in the field. Editorial board is composed of scholars in the field

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [0] More Examples People, Cooking Light, US News and World Report, Publisher's Weekly, Sports Illustrated, National Inquirer

Output: Harvard Business Review, Lancet, Modern Fiction Studies, Nature

WSU Stewart Library - Scholarly vs. Popular Articles

Scholarly Publication: Journals, print and online


Input: [Type] Magazine [Information] A magazine is a collection of articles and images about diverse topics of popular interest and current events. Usually these articles are written by journalists or scholars and are geared toward the average adult. Magazines may cover very "serious" material, but to find consistent scholarly information, you should use journals. [Examples] National Geographic Ebony Sports Illustrated People [Use]

Output: to find information or opinions about popular culture to find up-to-date information about current events to find general articles for people who are not necessarily specialists about the topic

Types of information sources | University Libraries | Virginia Tech


Input: [Type] Academic journal [Information] A journal is a collection of articles usually written by scholars in an academic or professional field. An editorial board reviews articles to decide whether they should be accepted. Articles in journals can cover very specific topics or narrow fields of research. [Examples] Journal of Communication The Historian Journal of the American Medical Association Lancet [Use]

Output: when doing scholarly research to find out what has been studied on your topic to find bibliographies that point to other relevant research

Types of information sources | University Libraries | Virginia Tech


Input: [Type] Database [Information] A database contains citations of articles in magazines, journals, and newspapers. They may also contain citations to podcasts, blogs, videos, and other media types. Some databases contain abstracts or brief summaries of the articles, while other databases contain complete, full-text articles. [Examples] Academic Search Complete (a general database) Compendex (an engineering database) ABI/Inform (a business database) [Use]

Output: when you want to find articles on your topic in magazines, journals or newspapers

Types of information sources | University Libraries | Virginia Tech


Input: [Type] Newspapers [Information] A newspaper is a collection of articles about current events usually published daily. Since there is at least one in every city, it is a great source for local information. [Examples] Roanoke Times New York Times Suddeutsche Zeitung [Use]

Output: to find current information about international, national and local events to find editorials, commentaries, expert or popular opinions

Types of information sources | University Libraries | Virginia Tech


Input: [Type] Addison [Information] A library catalog is an organized and searchable collection of records of every item in a library and can be found on the library home page. The catalog will point you to the location of a particular source, or group of sources, that the library owns on your topic. [Examples] Virginia Tech's library catalog is called Addison. [Use]

Output: to find out what items the library owns on your topic to find where a specific item is located in the library

Types of information sources | University Libraries | Virginia Tech


Input: [Type] Books [Information] Books cover virtually any topic, fact or fiction. For research purposes, you will probably be looking for books that synthesize all the information on one topic to support a particular argument or thesis. Libraries organize and store their book collections on shelves called "stacks." [Examples] Nash, Gary B. ed. The American People: Creating a Nation and a Society, 1990. Silverstone, Roger, ed. Visions of Suburbia, 1997. Smith, J. T. Roman Villas: A Study in Social Structure, 1997 [Use]

Output: when looking for lots of information on a topic to put your topic in context with other important issues to find historical information to find summaries of research to support an argument

Types of information sources | University Libraries | Virginia Tech


Input: [Type] Encyclopedia [Information] Encyclopedias are collections of short, factual entries often written by different contributors who are knowledgeable about the topic. There are two types of encyclopedias: general and subject. General encyclopedias provide concise overviews on a wide variety of topics. Subject encyclopedias contain in-depth entries focusing on one field of study. [Examples] African-American Encyclopedia (subject encyclopedia) Encyclopedia Americana (general encyclopedia) World Book (general encyclopedia found online) Gale encyclopedia of genetic disorders (subject encyclopedia found online) [Use]

Output: when looking for background information on a topic when trying to find key ideas, important dates or concepts

Types of information sources | University Libraries | Virginia Tech


Input: [Type] Web site [Information] The Web allows you to access most types of information on the Internet through a browser. One of the main features of the Web is the ability to quickly link to other related information. The Web contains information beyond plain text, including sounds, images, and video. The important thing to do when using information on the Internet is to know how to evaluate it! [Examples] lcweb.loc.gov (The Library of Congress) wikipedia.org (a wiki) www.vt.edu (Virginia Tech [Use]

Output: to find current information to find information about companies to find information from all levels of government - federal to local to find both expert and popular opinions to find information about hobbies and personal interests

Types of information sources | University Libraries | Virginia Tech


Input: [Name] Article First [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: Look up magazine and journal articles from 1990 to the present with selected full text, in this database from OCLC.


Input: [Name] Biography in Context [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: Contains nearly a million biographical entries spanning almost every course of study. This resource also includes the full text of Contemporary Authors and Authors and Artists for Young Adults.


Input: [Name] CQ Historic Documents [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: Historic Documents is an annual compilation of primary research material, keyed to approximately 70 important events for the United States and the world. Each primary document with full citation and relevant web links is set in context with supporting history and background, providing a valuable resource to students for current events back through 1972.


Input: [Name] Issues & Controversies [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: This Facts on File resource analyzes and explains hundreds of controversial topics, in a language and format that students can understand.


Input: [Name] LearningExpress Library [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: Find interactive test preparation guides for the ASVAB, GRE, SAT, ACT, civil service, military, law enforcement, real estate, U.S. Citizenship Test, and other exams. Use for career exploration and workplace skill-building. Find essentials to building a resume or cover letter. Includes test prep for elementary school and high school students.


Input: [Name] Literary Criticism Online [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: Read what the critics and reviewers said about thousands of books in this invaluable resource for students and readers.


Input: [Name] Magazine Articles [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: Ebsco's MasterFILE Premiere provides full-text articles from over 1,900 magazines, from 1975 through the present. Also includes reference books, biographies, primary source documents, and an image collection of photos, maps and flags.


Input: [Name] New World Encyclopedia [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: This encyclopedia from Funk & Wagnalls contains over 25,000 entries is a good general resource covering an array of topics.


Input: [Name] Novelist K-8 [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: NoveList K-8 Plus allows you to discover the fiction titles that are popular with young readers as well as titles to use in your classroom. NoveList K-8 Plus contains materials for all K-8 grade levels and includes picture books, children's "chapter" books and young adult titles. The NoveList Learning Center provides a complete introduction to the product and shows you how to use NoveList to meet the reading needs of your students.


Input: [Name] Science Reference Center [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: This great source for science fair research includes science encyclopedias, reference books, magazines, and other resources.


Input: [Name] Today's Science [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: This Facts on File resource bridges the gap between the science that students learn in the classroom and the discoveries pushing the boundaries of science today. Updated weekly and containing thousands of links to a 15-year back-file, Today's Science explains important developments in biology, chemistry, the environment, space, physics, and technology.


Input: [Name] World Book Online Info Finder [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: Reliable information for school-aged students to help with their homework.


Input: [Name] World Book Online Reference Center [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: A great general encyclopedia for researchers and information-seekers.


Input: [Name] WorldCat [Use At Home?] Yes [Description]

Output: The OCLC catalog containing all the records cataloged by OCLC member libraries. Offers millions of bibliographic records for books, audiovisual material, etc.


Input: [Title] In the links listed below this icon represents [General e-text archives]

Output: while a star indicates a CHOICE Highly Recommended site

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Title] Books On-line [General e-text archives]

Output: A searchable and browseable database-directory of online electronic texts covering a broad range of interests, from established literary classics to computer how-to manuals. Now lists 58,471 books "mostly free" those which require a fee often have sample chapters with links to Amazon.com.

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Title] CARRIE: Full-Text On-line Library [General e-text archives]

Output: Originally from the University of Kansas, now supported by the European University Institute; an extensive link resource listing texts archived at various locations across the Internet. Also provides a very competent search engine aimed at providing access to E-texts.

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Title] Digital Librarian: Electronic Texts & Primary Sources [General e-text archives]

Output: The Digital Librarian web site provides a selection of librarian's choices of the best of the Web. Perhaps, the best index to book and text resources on the Internet

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Title] The Online Books Page [General e-text archives]

Output: More than 35,000 English language works in various formats. Compare to The Internet Public Library which indexes fewer full books, but more short texts and non-English books.

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Title] The Oxford Text Archive [General e-text archives]

Output: Works closely with Arts & Humanities scholars to collect, catalogue, and preserve high-quality electronic texts for research and teaching. The OTA currently distributes more than 2500 resources in over 25 different languages.

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Title] Project Gutenberg [General e-text archives]

Output: Texts are taken from books published pre-1923. Orientation is towards classic books backwards from 1923.

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Title] Reading: Harvard Views of Readers, Readership, and Reading History [General e-text archives]

Output: Part of Harvard's Open Collections Program; Reading is a thematically based open-access collection of texts and other digitized materials produced under the auspices of the Harvard University Library and selected from its collections--altogether this collection comprises some 800 published books and 400 manuscript selections.

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Title] Sunsite Digital Collections [General e-text archives]

Output: Extensive digital collections and services. Also provides information and support to digital library developers worldwide. Sponsored by UC Berkeley Digital Library and Sun Microsystems, Inc.

E-text Archives Selective List - Dunagan Library


Input: [Element] Format [News/ General Interest] Attractive in appearance [Popular Magazines] Generally slick/glossy with an attractive format [Sensational Publications] Cheap newspaper format [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Has grave, serious format

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Graphics [News/ General Interest] Photos, graphics and illustrations used to enhance articles [Popular Magazines] Photos, illustrations and drawing to enhance image of publication [Sensational Publications] Contains melodramatic, lurid or "doctored" photos [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Graphs and charts to illustrate concepts

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Sources [News/ General Interest] Occasionally cite sources, but not as a rule [Popular Magazines] Rarely cite sources. Original sources may be obscure [Sensational Publications] Rarely cite sources of information [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Cited sources with footnotes and/or bibliography

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Authors [News/ General Interest] Written for an educated, general audience by staff, free-lance or scholarly writers [Popular Magazines] Written by the staff or free-lance writers for a broad audience [Sensational Publications] Written by free-lance or staff writers [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Written by scholars or researchers in the field or discipline

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Language [News/ General Interest] Uses language appropriate for an educated readership [Popular Magazines] Uses simple language for minimal educational level. Articles are short, with little depth [Sensational Publications] Contains language that is simple, easy-to-read and understand. Sensational style is often used [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Uses terminology, jargon, and the language of the discipline. Reader is assumed to have similar background

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Publication Criteria [News/ General Interest] Must meet standards of publication and be approved by editors [Popular Magazines] No specific criteria [Sensational Publications] No specific criteria [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Subject to "peer review". Must meet approval of qualified scholars in the field

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Purpose [News/ General Interest] Provide general information to a wide, interested audience [Popular Magazines] Designed to entertain or persuade, to sell products or services [Sensational Publications] Arouse curiosity and interest by distorting the truth. Often uses outrageous or startling headlines [Scholarly Journal]

Output: To inform, report, or make original research available to the scholarly world

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Publishers [News/ General Interest] Published by commercial enterprises for profit [Popular Magazines] Published for profit [Sensational Publications] Published for profit [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Generally published by a professional organization

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Advertising [News/ General Interest] Carries advertising [Popular Magazines] Contains extensive advertising [Sensational Publications] Contains advertising as luring and startling as the stories [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Contains selective advertising

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Element] Examples [News/ General Interest] Atlantic Monthly, Newsweek, Fortune, Psychology Today, Scientific American [Popular Magazines] Better Homes and Gardens, GQ, Glamour, People, Sports Illustrated [Sensational Publications] Globe, National Enquirer, National Examiner, Star, Sun [Scholarly Journal]

Output: Annals of Microbiology, Harvard Business Review, Journal of Physiology, Physics Letters

Scholarly v. Popular Sources - Nursing 240: Foundations of Nursing Practice - LibGuides at University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire


Input: [Title] Academic Search Complete [Description]

Output: A multi-disciplinary database which provides full text for more than 8,500 periodicals, including full text for over 7,300 peer-reviewed journals.


Input: [Title] Films on Demand: Philosophy & Religion [Description]

Output: Films on Demand provides streaming videos on non-fiction topics.


Input: [Title] InteLex Past Masters [Description]

Output: Past Masters contains 117 fulltext humanities databases, both in the original language and in English translation.


Input: [Title] JSTOR Arts & Sciences I - VIII, Complement Collections and Life Sciences [Description]

Output: Provides access to archival & current issues of over 1,400 scholarly journals across 57 academic disciplines. Includes primary source materials. Robertson Library does not subscribe to all of the JSTOR collections, so use Interlibrary Loan to request articles that are not available in JSTOR or the Library's other collections. Search Articles in JSTOR


Input: [Title] Military & Government Collection [Description]

Output: Provides full text for over 320 military related periodicals and general interest magazines.


Input: [Title] Oxford University Press Journals [Description]

Output: Full text for over 240 journals from a variety of areas, including history, literature, science, medicine, political science, psychology & sociology.


Input: [Title] Philosophers Index [Description]

Output: A comprehensive, bibliographic database covering worldwide research in all areas of philosophy. Sources include journals, books & anthologies.


Input: [Title] Project MUSE [Description]

Output: Includes the full text of over 320 scholarly journals in the Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences fields.


Input: [Title] PhilPapers [Description]

Output: [Description below provided by the database producer] What is PhilPapers? PhilPapers is an online research hub in philosophy that combines the following four services: A publication index of philosophy journal articles, book reviews, books, and book chapters in all languages. An open access aggregator that indexes open access philosophical content found on over one thousand open access archives and three thousand personal pages maintained by professional philosophers. An open access archive that hosts the largest collection of open access philosophical material on the Internet (OAI-PMH handler here). A structured bibliography comprising nearly five thousand subcategories covering all subjects in philosophy. PhilPapers allows philosophers to search, browse, and monitor the above content seamlessly through a unified interface. The contents of PhilPapers' indexes and bibliographies are maintained by thousands of academics who volunteer their time. Over four hundred academics are officially appointed as Category Editors.


Input: [0] Purpose [Scholarly Journals] To present and report on original research findings in a specific field / discipline [Popular Magazines] To inform and entertain a general audience, produced and sold for profit [Trade Journals]

Output: To identify profession / industry trends and developments, and provide practical advice

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [0] Appearance [Scholarly Journals] Plain, “serious” cover Text with black & white graphs, charts, and photographs which support the author’s research [Popular Magazines] Glossy cover Color photographs and illustrations used to support the article as well as draw in readers [Trade Journals]

Output: Generally glossy cover Color photographs and illustrations used to support the article as well as draw in readers

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [0] Authorship [Scholarly Journals] Expert, scholar, or researcher in the field / discipline [Popular Magazines] Magazine writer or free-lance writer. Credentials often not provided [Trade Journals]

Output: Practitioner within the profession / industry or specialty journalist

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [0] Structure & Writing Style [Scholarly Journals] Lengthy articles with abstract, literature review, methodology, results conclusion, and bibliography Uses technical terminology of the specific field / discipline [Popular Magazines] Usually brief articles but can be longer and sometimes structured Uses simple language , meeting a minimum education level [Trade Journals]

Output: Brief articles with no set structure Uses jargon of the specific profession / industry

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [0] Validity [Scholarly Journals] Articles reviewed and evaluated by other experts in the field / discipline (peer reviewed / refereed) [Popular Magazines] Articles are not evaluated by experts in the discipline, but by editors on staff [Trade Journals]

Output: Articles may be reviewed by one editor with knowledge related to the topic

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [0] Bibliography [Scholarly Journals] Each article includes full footnotes and/or bibliographies [Popular Magazines] Very few articles include bibliographies [Trade Journals]

Output: Some articles include brief footnotes and/or bibliographies

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: [0] Examples [Scholarly Journals] American Journal of Education Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society Modern Fiction Studies [Trade Journals]

Output: Indiana Business Instrumentalist Preaching

Is This Journal Scholarly? | Grace College & Seminary


Input: In-depth research on specialized or technical topics; usually includes an abstract; academic book reviews; news on developments or recent research in a specific field of study; may be lengthy (+20 pages) Brief, current events, news, or general events; quick facts; short interviews; brief book reviews, advertisements [Trade Publications] Product reviews; statistics for specific industry; new publications; patents [0]

Output: Article Contents


Input: Provide information about original research or experiments; report new findings in field of research Provide general information, entertain, or to persuade general public [Trade Publications] Provide news or information to practitioners in an industry or trade [0]

Output: Article Purpose


Input: Expert with significant knowledge in area of study, scholars, researchers, practitioners; author(s) clearly identified Journalist or layperson; not always identified; staff writers [Trade Publications] Staff writers, practitioners in the trade; not always identified [0]

Output: Authors


Input: Professors, researchers, practitioners and students; other professionals in the field of study General public [Trade Publications] Intended for those interested in specific industry or trade [0]

Output: Audience


Input: Specialized or technical vocabulary and language; formal or semi-formal Written for the average layperson; informal; language easy to understand [Trade Publications] May use specialized or technical vocabulary and language; informal [0]

Output: Style


Input: Usually a university or professional organization Usually commercial [Trade Publications] Usually commercial [0]

Output: Publisher


Input: Quarterly or monthly Weekly or monthly [Trade Publications] Monthly, quarterly, or semiannually [0]

Output: Frequency


Input: Footnotes and/or bibliography Few or no footnotes [Trade Publications] Suggested additional resources; sometimes a bibliography [0]

Output: Documentation


Input: Contents are reviewed by outside scholars or practitioners- "peers" Contents are reviewed by magazine editor(s) [Trade Publications] Contents are reviewed by editor(s) [0]

Output: Editing


Input: Usually none; if present then they may be for books or other journals in field of study Many, usually in glossy format in magazines [Trade Publications] Many ads for products or services for specific industry or trade [0]

Output: Advertisements


Input: Plain, little use of color; few pictures; may include charts, graphs, tables or equations; mostly text Glossy photographs, ads, and images [Trade Publications] Black and white or color images, graphs, and/or charts [0]

Output: Appearance


Input: Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, Urban Studies Time, Newsweek, Business Week, Psychology Today [Trade Publications] Workforce, EETimes, APA Monitor [0]

Output: Examples


Input: [Answer] The Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance was enforced in 1976. The Antiquities and Monuments Office and the Antiquities Advisory Board were also established in the same year to conserve places of historical and archaeological interest in Hong Kong. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: Is there a brief history of the Office?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] The main duties of the Office are to search for, identify, record and conserve a wide range of items with historic interest as well as organize various programmes and activities to promote the importance of heritage conservation. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: What are the main duties of the Office?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] The Board is a statutory body consisting of members with expertise in various fields covered by the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: Who are the members of the Antiquities Advisory Board?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] Ancient artifacts discovered from archaeological work in Hong Kong suggest that it was inhabited by early settlers around 6,000 years ago. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: How long is the history of Hong Kong?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] By 24 October 2014, 108 items have been declared as historical monuments under the Antiquities and Monuments Ordinance in Hong Kong. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: How many monuments have been declared in Hong Kong?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] Most of the declared monuments owned by the government are already open to the public. The main reasons for not opening to the public those remaining are: (1) They are being used by Government departments, public or non-government organisations for specific purposes, such as schools or non-government welfare facilities, etc.; (2) They are not suitable for opening owing to their structural condition or public safety concern; and (3) They are not open for the time being pending completion of repair works or studies such as their feasibility for adaptive re-use. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: Are all declared monuments already open to the public?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] The Office established three Heritage Trails, namely the Central and Western Heritage Trail (Central Route, Sheung Wan Route, and the Western District and the Peak Route), the Ping Shan Heritage Trail in Yuen Long, and the Lung Yeuk Tau Heritage Trail in Fanling. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: Which are the Heritage Trails established by the Office?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] Sha Ha, Sai Kung (2001-02), Former Hollywood Road Police Married Quarters (formerly the school premises of the Central School (2007)) and Former Mountain Lodge (2007) are some of the archaeological excavations in Hong Kong in recent years. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: Which are the most recent archaeological excavations in Hong Kong?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] The Friends of Heritage Scheme is an educational programme established by the Office. It aims at enhancing public awareness of Hong Kong's heritage and equipping them with professional knowledge on heritage conservation through training programmes and activities. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: What is the Friends of Heritage Scheme?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] The public is welcome to order pictures of declared monuments. Please download a request form from the website, complete and return it to us by post or by fax [More Details] More [Question]

Output: How can I order pictures of declared monuments?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] The public is welcome to obtain the pamphlets on monuments published by the Office. If you require more than 20 copies, please download the form or fill in online, and return it to us via fax, post or email. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: How can I request more than 20 copies of pamphlets on monuments published by the Office?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] Through the two separate territory-wide surveys undertaken, there are 208 sites of archaeological interest in Hong Kong have been recorded. For details, please browse the archaeology part of this website. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: How many sites of archaeological interest in Hong Kong have been recorded?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] The public is welcome to access our Hong Kong Archaeological Archive System through personal computer or mobile device to view some important archaeological finds discovered in Hong Kong. Reference materials on Hong Kong archaeology can be obtained from the Reference Library of the Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre. Please also visit our Permanent Exhibition in the Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre and Hong Kong Archaeological Archives (by appointment only) to acquire more information on local archaeology. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: How can I obtain information on Hong Kong archaeology?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] Archaeological excavation sites are very similar to construction sites. There are different hazards and special care needs to be taken to prevent accidents. Therefore, only qualified persons with formal training are granted access to an excavation. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: Can I actively take part in archaeological excavations?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] If someone finds something he considers antiquity or supposes antiquity, kindly contact the AMO at 2208 4400 to report the discovery as soon as you can. It is important that no unqualified person would continue further digging since an antiquity only gets its full significance when the contextual information it has been found in can be carefully studied. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: I have found something, what shall I do?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [Answer] Pottery sherds, bones or stone implements are carefully washed, labeled and accessioned. If enough fragments of a vessel have been found, the vessel may be assembled and restored. Other materials, such as metals, glass or fabrics may first have to undergo special conservation treatments to stop further deterioration. These finds are therefore sent to specialized laboratories. Human remains are studied by physical anthropologists and are treated with the utmost respect. Representative objects may be chosen for further studies leading to publication. These finds are then drawn to scale and photographed. Their associated features and finds they have been found in are carefully studied. These results are compared with other sites to gain a broader picture. Finally, all the finds are carefully packed and stored in archaeological repository. Some materials, such as metal objects or fabrics need to be stored in rooms where light, temperature and humidity are carefully controlled. Some important items will be put on display at the Hong Kong Heritage Discovery Centre and local museums. [More Details] More [Question]

Output: What happens to archaeological finds after excavation?

Frequently Asked Questions - Antiquities and Monuments Office


Input: [0] Title [1] PubDate [3] Description [2]

Output: URL

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] A Guide to Digitizing Insect Collections, by Sarah Ashworth and Jennifer Fogarty, 55 pages. [3] This guide is offered to help anyone wanting to database and/or digitally image their collections. It is written in very simple terms since this work should not require a computer expert. This guide is based on digitizing a type collection so it is more rigorous and careful than may be necessary for other collections, particularly the archive protocol. The user should take or leave whatever information they feel is necessary. However, if the guide is to be used for a type collection, it is recommended that the degree of rigor, if not the actual protocol, be matched. Three different imaging setups are described, from a very inexpensive solution to the top of the range. These descriptions are not intended to prescribe the best or only setups, but to inform others about the setups we are using now as a result of over 5 years research--much of this with limited budgets. We developed these under the guidance of Dr. Piotr Naskrecki, with early and continued assistance by Dr. Gary Alpert and Dr. Brian Farrell. In a similar way we describe a Filemaker Pro implementation called MANTIS. It is one of many database solutions for managing taxonomic information, but is recommended since it is easy to use, runs on both PC and Mac and can be downloaded free from the web. It is also the creation of Piotr Naskrecki. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] A Strategic Plan for Establishing a Network Integrated Biocollections Alliance, produced by NSF. [3] This report is a strategic plan for a 10-year effort to digitize and mobilize the scientific information associated with biological specimens held in U.S. research collections. The primary objective of the initiative is to create a national collections resource that will contribute critical information to U.S. scientific research and technology interests, and will aid in understanding the biodiversity dimensions and societal consequences of climate change, species invasions, natural disasters, the spread of disease vectors and agricultural pests and pollinators, and other environmental issues. Network Integrated Biocollections Alliance (NIBA) resources such as databases, network portals, and analytical tools will synthesize information contained in the nation’s collections and place them into national service for stakeholders in government, academia, business, K-12 education, informal science education, and the public. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Accelerating Taxonomic Discovery Through Automated Character Extraction, by J. LaSalle, Q. Wheeler, P. Jackway, S. Winterton, D. Hobern, D. Lovell, Zootaxa 2217:43-55. [1] 2009 [3] This paper discusses the following key messages. Taxonomy is (and taxonomists are) more important than ever in times of global change. Taxonomic endeavour is not occurring fast enough: in 250 years since the creation of the Linnean Systema Naturae, only about 20% of Earth’s species have been named. We need fundamental changes to the taxonomic process and paradigm to increase taxonomic productivity by orders of magnitude. Currently, taxonomic productivity is limited principally by the rate at which we capture and manage morphological information to enable species discovery. Many recent (and welcomed) initiatives in managing and delivering biodiversity information and accelerating the taxonomic process do not address this bottleneck. Development of computational image analysis and feature extraction methods is a crucial missing capacity needed to enable taxonomists to overcome the taxonomic impediment in a meaningful time frame. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Advanced Techniques for Imaging Parasitic Hymenoptera (Insecta), by M. L. Buffington, R.A. Burks, L. McNeil, American Entomologist. [1] Spring, 2005 [3] Digital imaging technology has revolutionized the practice of photographing insects for scientific study. This paper describes lighting techniques designed for imaging parasitic Hymenoptera in the superfamilies Chalcidoidea and Cynipoidea. Techniques described here are applicable to all small insects, as well as other invertebrates. The key to these techniques is the correct balance of light intensity and light dispersal. Once this balance is met, hymenopteran species as small as 0.75 mm can be readily imaged at a resolution suitable for publication. Surprisingly, a compound microscope can be used to image whole, unmounted insects in much the same way that a stereomicroscope is used. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Assembling the Custom Components for Specimen Imaging, Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria, WTU Herbarium, Burke Museum, Version 1.0, by Ben Legler. [1] 7/9/2010 [3] This document provides instructions for assembling the custom hardware components used for imaging specimens under the Consortium of Pacific Northwest Herbaria’s 2010-2013 collaborative NSF Grant. It is intended as a guide for similar projects elsewhere. However, the components described here are specific to our choice of imaging equipment and may not be suitable for use elsewhere. Also discussed here are the custom software scripts used for metadata capture, image processing, and image tiling. The tiling script creates a version of the image that can be viewed with the Gmap Image Viewer (http://www.rmh.uwyo.edu/gmapviewer/about.php), an online, open-source viewer created for use with herbarium specimens. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Australian Museum Data capture of specimen labels using volunteers, by John Tann & Paul Flemons. [1] December 2008 [3] This is a report of an attempt to speed up the capture of information on the labels of specimens held by the Australian Museum. A trial was conducted using volunteers with a camera to photograph specimen labels and transcribe that data into a spreadsheet. Location information was georeferenced. The data in the resulting spreadsheet was then entered into EMu by a museum technician. Times and costs were compared to direct data entry, as well as with a previous trial using an off-shore data transcription service. The outcome of the trial was successful in clarifying the following. Importing data into EMu is not straightforward and is a specialist task. Having the data transcribed into a spreadsheet before import into EMu does not help. Errors, misspellings, and uncertainties on many of the labels meant that a spreadsheet of data became a clumsy and inefficient method of data entry. Photographing a label has advantages – a photograph becomes a verbatim record in the database of the label for later referral, and makes the data entry process quicker by about 20%, as well as easier and more convenient. Recommendations: The Australian museum could train and use a small team of volunteers to photograph specimen labels. These photographs would be saved on Emu as a record of the label, and subsequently used for data entry by AM technical staff. Investigate the Emu inline toolset as a possible route for engaging volunteers for accurate and reliable data entry. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Australian Museum Rapid Digitisation Project: A Guide to Handling and Digising Archival Material - Registers by L. Prater, R. Stephens, and P. Flemons, 19 pp. [1] August 2011 [3] This publications documents methods for ditigizing printed records associated with museum collections. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Automontage Imaging Guidelines, by AntWeb. [1] June, 2010 [3] This presentation from AntWeb offers detailed information about imaging ant specimens using Automontage. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Avoiding twisted pixels: ethical guidelines for the appropriate use and manipulation of scientific digital images, by D. W. Cromey, Science and engineering ethics 16 (4) p. 639-67. [1] 2010 [3] Digital imaging has provided scientists with new opportunities to acquire and manipulate data using techniques that were difficult or impossible to employ in the past. Because digital images are easier to manipulate than film images, new problems have emerged. One growing concern in the scientific community is that digital images are not being handled with sufficient care. The problem is twofold: (1) the very small, yet troubling, number of intentional falsifications that have been identified, and (2) the more common unintentional, inappropriate manipulation of images for publication. Journals and professional societies have begun to address the issue with specific digital imaging guidelines. Unfortunately, the guidelines provided often do not come with instructions to explain their importance. Thus they deal with what should or should not be done, but not the associated 'why' that is required for understanding the rules. This article proposes 12 guidelines for scientific digital image manipulation and discusses the technical reasons behind these guidelines. These guidelines can be incorporated into lab meetings and graduate student training in order to provoke discussion and begin to bring an end to the culture of "data beautification". [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Biodiversity Informatics in Action: Identification and Monitoring of Bee Species Using ABIS, by Tom Arbuckle, Stefan Schröder, Volker Steinhage, Dieter Wittmann, Proc. 15th International Symposium Informatics for Environmental Protection, pp. 425-430. [1] October, 2001 [3] Bees, as the main pollinators of food crops, represent a critical natural resource which needs to be carefully exploited and managed. In recent years, however, destruction of bee's native habitats, infestations, and displacements of native bees by alien bee species have reduced and disturbed bee populations and this is already having considerable impact on global agriculture. A further concurrent problem is that there are probably fewer than 50 taxonomic experts worldwide able to identify bee species. ABIS (Automatic Bee Identification System) is a suite of software tools created for the identification and monitoring of bees. Bee species are rapidly and reliably determined from images of the bees' wings by means of linear and non-linear statistics in conjunction with image processing. Work is currently in progress to couple the bee identification tools within a geographic information system and to make a bee recognition service available over the Intemet. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] BNHM Digitization Projects – Results of Survey. [3] Results of a digitization survey by the Berkeley Natural History Museum assessing digitization efforts of various collections. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Collaborative databasing of North American Bee Collections (NSF-BRC Grant), by Yanega. [3] A mostly pictorial report of bee databasing at ten bee collections. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Collection Data Registration at the Nationaal Herbarium Nederland: Data Guidelines, by L. P. M. Willemse, J. B. Mols. [1] March 2007 [3] The aim of this protocol is to present a detailed description of data entry rules and data entry procedures in order to standardize data entry at the NHN. Doing this will create maximum compatibility between the various databases and facilitate data exchange. A complete list of all fields and their dimensions and characteristics is found in Annex A.For most fields lookup lists (using F9) are available in BRAHMS, these should be used to enter the majority of the data. This protocol is in principle a guideline into what kind of information is stored in each field and how to enter the data if it is not available using the look-up lists. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Darwin Core Terms. [1] 2011-10-26 [3] This quick guide provides a list of all current terms of the Darwin core. The terms are organized by categories (in bold) in the index. The categories correspond to Darwin Core terms that are classes (terms that have other terms to describe them). The terms that describe a given class (the class properties) appear in the list immediately below the name of the category in the index. The index provides links to the term descriptions in the table below the index. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio


Input: [0] Digital Bee Collection Network : DBCNet ( NSF-BRC Grant ), by Yanega. [3] Collaborative specimen databasing of bees at ten collections: AMNH, UC Riverside, UC Davis, UC Berkeley, CSCA, Cornell, Uconn, Rutgers, Vermont, USDA Bee Systematics Lab. Includes a brief but important imaging protocol. [2]

Difference between revisions of "Databasing References" - iDigBio