30 2018 ppg annual report and 10-k foreign currency translation partially offset by : cost reclassifications associated with the adoption of the new revenue recognition standard . refer to note 2 , "revenue recognition" within part 2 of this form 10-k cost management including restructuring cost savings 2017 vs . 2016 selling , general and administrative expenses decreased $ 1 million primarily due to : lower net periodic pension and other postretirement benefit costs lower selling and advertising costs restructuring cost savings partially offset by : wage and other cost inflation selling , general and administrative expenses from acquired businesses foreign currency translation other charges and other income .
interest expense , net of interest income interest expense , net of interest income increased $ 10 million in 2018 versus 2017 primarily due to the issuance of long- term debt in early 2018 . interest expense , net of interest income decreased $ 14 million in 2017 versus 2016 due to lower interest rate debt outstanding in 2017 . business restructuring , net a pretax restructuring charge of $ 83 million was recorded in the second quarter of 2018 , offset by certain changes in estimates to complete previously recorded programs of $ 17 million . a pretax charge of $ 191 million was recorded in 2016 . refer to note 8 , "business restructuring" in item 8 of this form 10-k for additional information . pension settlement charges during 2017 , ppg made lump-sum payments to certain retirees who had participated in ppg's u.s . qualified and non- qualified pension plans totaling approximately $ 127 million . as the lump-sum payments were in excess of the expected 2017 service and interest costs for the affected plans , ppg remeasured the periodic benefit obligation of these plans in the period payments were made and recorded settlement charges totaling $ 60 million ( $ 38 million after-tax ) during 2017 . during 2016 , ppg permanently transferred approximately $ 1.8 billion of its u.s . and canadian pension obligations and assets to several highly rated insurance companies . these actions triggered remeasurement and partial settlement of certain of the company 2019s defined benefit pension plans . ppg recognized a $ 968 million pre-tax settlement charge in connection with these transactions . refer to note 13 , "employee benefit plans" in item 8 of this form 10-k for additional information . other charges other charges in 2018 and 2016 were higher than 2017 primarily due to environmental remediation charges . these charges were principally for environmental remediation at a former chromium manufacturing plant and associated sites in new jersey . refer to note 14 , "commitments and contingent liabilities" in item 8 of this form 10-k for additional information . other income other income was lower in 2018 and 2016 than in 2017 primarily due to the gain from the sale of the mexican plaka business of $ 25 million and income from a legal settlement of $ 18 million in 2017 . refer to note 3 , "acquisitions and divestitures" in item 8 of this form 10-k for additional information. .
% Change
($ in millions, except percentages) 2018 2017 2016 2018 vs. 2017 2017 vs. 2016
Interest expense, net of Interest income $95 $85 $99 11.8% (14.1)%
Business restructuring, net $66 $— $191 N/A (100.0)%
Pension settlement charges $— $60 $968 (100.0)% (93.8)%
Other charges $122 $74 $242 64.9% (69.4)%
Other income ($114) ($150) ($127) (24.0)% 18.1%
( $ in millions except percentages ) 2018 % (  % ) change 2017 % (  % ) change 2016 % (  % ) change 2018 vs . 2017 % (  % ) change 2017 vs . 2016
interest expense net of interest income $ 95 $ 85 $ 99 11.8% ( 11.8 % ) ( 14.1 ) % (  % )
business restructuring net $ 66 $ 2014 $ 191 n/a ( 100.0 ) % (  % )
pension settlement charges $ 2014 $ 60 $ 968 ( 100.0 ) % (  % ) ( 93.8 ) % (  % )
other charges $ 122 $ 74 $ 242 64.9% ( 64.9 % ) ( 69.4 ) % (  % )
other income ( $ 114 ) ( $ 150 ) ( $ 127 ) ( 24.0 ) % (  % ) 18.1% ( 18.1 % )
what was the total pre-tax restructuring program cost in millions?