at december 31 , 2012 and 2011 , we had a working capital surplus . this reflects a strong cash position , which provides enhanced liquidity in an uncertain economic environment . in addition , we believe we have adequate access to capital markets to meet any foreseeable cash requirements , and we have sufficient financial capacity to satisfy our current liabilities . cash flows millions 2012 2011 2010 .
operating activities higher net income in 2012 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2011 , partially offset by lower tax benefits from bonus depreciation ( as explained below ) and payments for past wages based on national labor negotiations settled earlier this year . higher net income and lower cash income tax payments in 2011 increased cash provided by operating activities compared to 2010 . the tax relief , unemployment insurance reauthorization , and job creation act of 2010 provided for 100% ( 100 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2011 , and 50% ( 50 % ) bonus depreciation for qualified investments made during 2012 . as a result of the act , the company deferred a substantial portion of its 2011 income tax expense . this deferral decreased 2011 income tax payments , thereby contributing to the positive operating cash flow . in future years , however , additional cash will be used to pay income taxes that were previously deferred . in addition , the adoption of a new accounting standard in january of 2010 changed the accounting treatment for our receivables securitization facility from a sale of undivided interests ( recorded as an operating activity ) to a secured borrowing ( recorded as a financing activity ) , which decreased cash provided by operating activities by $ 400 million in 2010 . investing activities higher capital investments in 2012 drove the increase in cash used in investing activities compared to 2011 . included in capital investments in 2012 was $ 75 million for the early buyout of 165 locomotives under long-term operating and capital leases during the first quarter of 2012 , which we exercised due to favorable economic terms and market conditions . higher capital investments partially offset by higher proceeds from asset sales in 2011 drove the increase in cash used in investing activities compared to 2010. .
<i>Cash Flows</i><i>Millions</i> <i>2012</i> <i>2011</i> <i>2010</i>
Cash provided by operating activities $6,161 $5,873 $4,105
Cash used in investing activities (3,633) (3,119) (2,488)
Cash used in financing activities (2,682) (2,623) (2,381)
Net change in cash and cashequivalents $(154) $131 $(764)
cash flowsmillions 2012 2011 2010
cash provided by operating activities $ 6161 $ 5873 $ 4105
cash used in investing activities -3633 ( 3633 ) -3119 ( 3119 ) -2488 ( 2488 )
cash used in financing activities -2682 ( 2682 ) -2623 ( 2623 ) -2381 ( 2381 )
net change in cash and cashequivalents $ -154 ( 154 ) $ 131 $ -764 ( 764 )
what was the average cost per locomotive for the 2012 early buyout?