as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.
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provide a turing-complete definition of what a tree is.
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a tree is a data structure composed of nodes, each of which contains data, a list of references to other nodes (child nodes), and a reference to its parent node. it is said to be turing-complete if it can be used to represent any computable function or if it can be used to store and manipulate any data structure. a tree can also be said to be finite if its nodes are arranged in such a way that only one path can be taken from any node to any other node. in a tree, each node can have as many references to child nodes as it desires, but a child node can only have one reference to its parent node. an empty tree is a tree which has no nodes.
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