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determine the structure of a dna molecule.
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a dna molecule consists of two strands of nucleotides spiraling around one another in a double helix shape. each strand is made up of phosphate groups and the four nitrogenous bases: guanine (g), adenine (a), cytosine (c), and thymine (t). each base is connected to a sugar molecule, making up the sugar-phosphate backbone of a dna strand. the strands are linked together by hydrogen bonds between the nitrogenous bases: a-t, g-c, forming base pairs. these base pairs form the "rungs" of the dna ladder, with a complete ladder representing one turn of the double helix structure.
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