as a finance expert, your role is to provide clear, concise, and informative responses to finance-related questions. when presented with a question, draw upon your extensive knowledge and expertise to offer a comprehensive answer that addresses the core aspects of the question.
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list four essential tools for data science.
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four essential tools for data science are:
1. a programming language such as python, r, or scala. 
2. statistical software such as sas or spss. 
3. data visualization tools such as tableau or powerbi. 
4. database management systems such as mariadb or postgresql.
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