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# Standing Waves

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## Introduction

In this experiment, we will be studying the standing waves with the help of different strings, the effect of tension on standing waves, and the effect on the unit density of the string.

## Aim

Our aim will be:

a. To study the standing waves through different strings,

b. To study the effect of tension on standing waves,

c. To study the effect of tension on the unit density of the string.

## Theory

1. They are also called stationary waves.

2. These waves are the combination of two or more than two waves that are moving in opposite directions to each other.

3. These waves have the same amplitude and equal frequency.

## Requirements

1. Strings

2. Pulley

4. A Mass

5. Function generator

## Procedure

Step 1: Connect one side of the string to the wave generator

Step 2: Extend it over the pulley two meters apart.

Step 3: Connect the mass to the other side of the string to give tension to the strings.

Step 4: The wave generator is controlled by a function generator.

Step 5: Adjust the frequency of the wave generator to obtain the waves.

Step 6: Record the frequency of each standing wave.

Step 7: Repeat this experiment at least three times with different masses and strings.

Step 8: Compare the resonance frequency with the theoretically calculated frequency value.

## Observation

The calculated value, which includes the effect of tension on the string density, was almost closer to the experimental result than the calculated value, which assumes a constant density of the string.

## Result

We find that the stretch of the string is responsible for the compensation for the change in string density and improves the calculation accuracy of the resonant frequency.

## Conclusion

In this way, we have studied the standing waves using different strings.

Q.1 What was the aim of your experiment?

ANS. To study the standing waves through different strings, the effect of tension on standing waves, and the effect of tension on the unit density of the string.

Q.2 What do you understand about these waves?

ANS. These waves are the combination of two or more than two waves that are moving in opposite directions to each other.

Q.3 What is the other name for standing waves?

ANS. Stationary waves.

Q.4 Do the standing waves have the same frequency?

ANS. Yes, these waves have equal amplitude and frequency.

Q.5 What result have you obtained in your experiment?

ANS. The calculated value, which includes the effect of tension on the string density, was almost closer to the experimental result than the calculated value, which assumes a constant density of the string.

Q.6 What do you understand about nodes?

ANS. Nodes are the points on standing waves where no displacement has occurred. It occurs because of the destructive interference of two waves.

Q.7 What do you understand about antinodes?

ANS. Antinodes are the points on stationary waves where maximum displacement takes place from the rest position. This is caused by the constructive interference of two waves.

Q.8 Can you give an example of a standing wave?

ANS. When we pluck guitar strings, we can find standing waves.

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