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# Solutions for Chapter 14: Linear Least Squares

## Full solutions for Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis | 3rd Edition

ISBN: 9788131519547

Solutions for Chapter 14: Linear Least Squares

Solutions for Chapter 14
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##### ISBN: 9788131519547

Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis was written by and is associated to the ISBN: 9788131519547. Since 56 problems in chapter 14: Linear Least Squares have been answered, more than 15268 students have viewed full step-by-step solutions from this chapter. Chapter 14: Linear Least Squares includes 56 full step-by-step solutions. This expansive textbook survival guide covers the following chapters and their solutions. This textbook survival guide was created for the textbook: Mathematical Statistics and Data Analysis, edition: 3.

Key Statistics Terms and definitions covered in this textbook
• Acceptance region

In hypothesis testing, a region in the sample space of the test statistic such that if the test statistic falls within it, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. This terminology is used because rejection of H0 is always a strong conclusion and acceptance of H0 is generally a weak conclusion

• Analysis of variance (ANOVA)

A method of decomposing the total variability in a set of observations, as measured by the sum of the squares of these observations from their average, into component sums of squares that are associated with speciic deined sources of variation

• Axioms of probability

A set of rules that probabilities deined on a sample space must follow. See Probability

• Bayes’ estimator

An estimator for a parameter obtained from a Bayesian method that uses a prior distribution for the parameter along with the conditional distribution of the data given the parameter to obtain the posterior distribution of the parameter. The estimator is obtained from the posterior distribution.

• Bayes’ theorem

An equation for a conditional probability such as PA B ( | ) in terms of the reverse conditional probability PB A ( | ).

• Bimodal distribution.

A distribution with two modes

• Bivariate distribution

The joint probability distribution of two random variables.

• Box plot (or box and whisker plot)

A graphical display of data in which the box contains the middle 50% of the data (the interquartile range) with the median dividing it, and the whiskers extend to the smallest and largest values (or some deined lower and upper limits).

• Categorical data

Data consisting of counts or observations that can be classiied into categories. The categories may be descriptive.

• Combination.

A subset selected without replacement from a set used to determine the number of outcomes in events and sample spaces.

• Conidence interval

If it is possible to write a probability statement of the form PL U ( ) ? ? ? ? = ?1 where L and U are functions of only the sample data and ? is a parameter, then the interval between L and U is called a conidence interval (or a 100 1( )% ? ? conidence interval). The interpretation is that a statement that the parameter ? lies in this interval will be true 100 1( )% ? ? of the times that such a statement is made

• Conidence level

Another term for the conidence coeficient.

• Correlation matrix

A square matrix that contains the correlations among a set of random variables, say, XX X 1 2 k , ,…, . The main diagonal elements of the matrix are unity and the off-diagonal elements rij are the correlations between Xi and Xj .

• Covariance

A measure of association between two random variables obtained as the expected value of the product of the two random variables around their means; that is, Cov(X Y, ) [( )( )] =? ? E X Y ? ? X Y .

• Critical region

In hypothesis testing, this is the portion of the sample space of a test statistic that will lead to rejection of the null hypothesis.

• Defect

Used in statistical quality control, a defect is a particular type of nonconformance to speciications or requirements. Sometimes defects are classiied into types, such as appearance defects and functional defects.

• Eficiency

A concept in parameter estimation that uses the variances of different estimators; essentially, an estimator is more eficient than another estimator if it has smaller variance. When estimators are biased, the concept requires modiication.

• Fisher’s least signiicant difference (LSD) method

A series of pair-wise hypothesis tests of treatment means in an experiment to determine which means differ.

• Fractional factorial experiment

A type of factorial experiment in which not all possible treatment combinations are run. This is usually done to reduce the size of an experiment with several factors.

• Gamma function

A function used in the probability density function of a gamma random variable that can be considered to extend factorials

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