WAZIPOINT Engineering Science & Technology: Cable Basic Parameters Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance

## Cable Basic Parameters Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance

As a part of the daily work of a cable engineer or system protection engineer, it is very much essential to calculate and find out the basic cable parameters like DC resistance, AC resistance, Inductance and Capacitance of your cable. You can get some ready-made data from the cable manufacturer’s supplied catalogue. But for an accurate control setting, you need more accurate data which is not possible to mention in the catalogue. By using some formulas you easily can calculate this data. Today we are going to introduce such a formula.

Typically the values of conductor DC resistance given by the manufacturer’s catalogue are based on standard 20°C temperature that you can find just open the temperature table in technical data and cables parameters of your cable vendor. But in your cable vicinity is not possible to keep at all in said standard temperature 20°C. You can calculate the accurate resistance as per cable ambient temperature. In case the DC resistance is required at any other temperature the following formula can help you to calculate.

### DC & AC Resistance Calculation for Cable:

Rd =R20[1+ a(d -20)]   ohm/km

Where

Rd =Conductor DC resistance in ohm/km at d°C;
R20=Conductor resistance in ohm/km at 20°C;
d°C;
a=Resistance temperature coefficient in 1/°C;
= 0.00393 for Copper
=0.00403 for Aluminum

To get the AC resistance of the conductor at its operating temperature please use the following formula:

RAC=Rd(1+Yp+ Ys)   ohm/km

Where

Yp =factor of proximity effect of the cable;
Ys =factor of screen effect of the cable;
These effects depend on operating frequency and cable spacing.
km- kilometre, °C

#### Calculation of Cable Inductance:

The self and mutual inductance are formulated as below where you should consider the total number of wires that formed the cable main core to carry the load, the conductor diameter, also consider the type of cable formation like trefoil or flat and spacing between them.

L= K + 0.2 ln(2s/d)  mh/km

Where

L= Inductance in mh/km;
K= Constant depends on the conductor’s number of wires;
d= Conductor diameter in mm;
S= Axial spacing in mm between cables in trefoil formation;
S= 1.26x axial spacing in mm between cables in flat formation;

mh-mili henry, mm-mili meter, km-kilo meter.

#### Calculation of Cable Capacitance:

The capacitance is formulated as follow

C = Er/[18ln(D/d)]  μf/km

Where

C= Capacitance in μf/km;
Er= Relative permeability of insulation material;
D= Diameter in mm over insulation;
d= Conductor diameter in mm.
μf-micro farad, mm-mili meter, km- kilo meter,

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3. For cable engineers and system protection engineers, accurately calculating basic cable parameters such as DC resistance, AC resistance, inductance, and capacitance is essential for daily operations. While manufacturer catalogues provide useful data, precise control settings require more detailed information. Fortunately, by using specific formulas, you can obtain these accurate measurements. Today, we're introducing one such formula to help you achieve this level of precision.
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