We are preparing an experiment at SLAC to test the LPM (Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migda) effect. In bremsstrahlung from high energy electrons, the longitudinal momentum transferred from the nucleus is very small. Then, by the uncertainty principle, the interaction must occur over a distance much larger than the atomic scale. In the LPM effect, multiple scattering changes the electron trajectory within the interaction distance, and so suppresses the bremsstrahlung. This effect, predicted in the 1950's, has never been quantitatively studied. For dense, high Z, targets in a 25 GeV electron beam, suppression is significant for photons below a few hundred MeV. By comparing bremsstrahlung from targets of different (Pb, U, W and C), it is possible to measure the suppression accurately. We will also study the longitudinal density effect, where very low energy photon emission is suppressed due to the dielectric effect of the medium.


To improve the quality of experiment teaching which is a key part of higher education concerns whether a university can turn out competent graduates who are qualified in knowledge,ability and quality.In order to advance the reform with experiment teaching,and to help students nurture practical abilities and innovative researching abilities,this paper is devoted to promote a task-driven experiment teaching mode and make detailed illustration about the teaching content,teaching method and the opening and managing of labs.


Cren7, a newly found chromatin protein, is highly conserved in the Crenarchaeota. The protein shows higher affinity for double‐stranded DNA than for single‐stranded DNA, constrains negative DNA supercoils in vitro and is associated with genomic DNA in vivo. Here we report the crystal structures of the Cren7 protein from Sulfolobus solfataricus in complex with two DNA sequences. Cren7 binds in the minor groove of DNA and causes a single‐step sharp kink in DNA (∼53°) through the intercalation of the hydrophobic side chain of Leu28. Loop β3‐β4 of Cren7 undergoes a significant conformational change upon binding of the protein to DNA, suggesting its critical role in the stabilization of the protein–DNA complex. The roles of DNA‐contacting amino acid residues in stabilizing the Cren7–DNA interaction were examined by mutational analysis. Structural comparison of Cren7‐DNA complexes with Sac7d‐DNA complexes reveals significant differences between the two proteins in DNA binding surface, suggesting that Cren7 and Sul7d serve distinct functions in chromosomal organization.


Marxism is the action guide of all our work.Marxism is the guide of innovation.The soul of the development of education.Marxism is the guide of education innovation.The ideas of education innovation are new development of Marxism education theory.


Canon 1573 of the 1983 Code of Canon Law confirms the validity of the evidentiary rule testis unus testis nullus in the canonical process. However, the requirement of two concurring witnesses is not absolute. The legislator provided for two exceptions. The first one is the deposition by a qualified witness concerning matters carried out ex officio. The second exception is when the circumstances of things or persons suggest otherwise. These are objective circumstances that reasonably make the judge to believe that the deposition of a single witness in the case can be accepted and that it can amount to full proof. The author takes a closer look at these two exceptions, with a special focus on their historical aspect, the jurisprudence, and the canonical case-law.


Extensions of submerged macrophyte and their variation in time along the littoral zone of Sirmione Peninsula, in the southern part of Lake Garda (Northern Italy), were investigated from imaging spectrometry. Two images with a ground resolution of 5 m were acquired by the Multispectral Infrared and Visible Imaging Spectrometer (MIVIS) during summer 1994, 1997, 2000 and 2005. Image data were geo-coded and atmospherically corrected using the 6S radiative transfer code and converted into Remote sensing reflectance Rrs values applying an additional correction for skylight reflection at the water surface. The MIVIS-derived Rrs values were inverted using a bio-optical model, ad hoc parameterised with inherent optical properties of Lake Garda waters. The inversion was run in the wavelength range from 0.48 to 0.60 μm, where the bio-optical model resulted more sensitive to variation of substrate albedo. The bio-optical model-driven optimisation provided reasonable estimation of bottom depth and of two different bottom albedo substrates: bare sand and submerged vegetation, which include a mixture of valuable freshwater species. Overall, the comparison of the substrate products over 10 years shown a marked disappearance of macrophyte beds, replaced by sandy substrates starting from 2000. In 2005 the situation was comparable to the older imagery, acquired in 1994. It is likely that increasing anthropogenic pressure in the Sirmione Peninsula as well as the increasing of variation range of water levels are responsible for the disappearance of valuable prairies of macrophytes in the study area.


An oil-bearing structure in the southwest of Bozhong Sag in Bohai Oilfield contains large oil and gas reserves. It will be a key area for Bohai oilfield to increase reserves production. The main target layer in this block is the fractured granite formation in buried hill. Exploration work in this block is faced with many operational problems such as "deep burial, high temperature and high pressure (HTHP), low penetration rate, difficult reservoir protection, and low accuracy interface determination". Through technical research and field practice, aiming at "all well sections drilling rate speed-up, operation safely and efficiently, and releasing production capacity", a set of key technology system suitable for offshore oilfield deep exploration is formed. Since the application of this technology system, it has effectively improved the efficiency of well construction, greatly reduced the cost of exploration and operation, facilitated the discovery of oil and gas in multiple mid-depth strata. It has achieved a good operation effect on social and economic benefit.


Container for the pressure medium supply of a master cylinder of a hydraulic motor vehicle brake system, which is a valve disposed at a first level 14, 45 fill reservoir 2, 29 with a filling opening 15, 31 as well as a dispensing opening 16, 32, a valve disposed at a second level 19, 46 main reservoir 3, 30 with an input port 35, 44 and discharge ports 47, 48, and a device 8 for monitoring the container filling level, wherein the first level 14, 45 above the second level 19, 46 is located and the fill reservoir 2, 29 and the master reservoir 3, 30 to each other are connected. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that a means 17, 33 for filling the main reservoir 3, 30 is integrated in the container and this means 17, 33 comprises one or more channels 18, 34th


The CPT theorem has been tested to very high precision in a variety of experiments involving particles and antiparticles confined within Penning traps. These tests include comparisons of anomalous magnetic moments and charge-to-mass ratios of electrons and positrons, protons and antiprotons, and hydrogen ions and antiprotons. We present a theoretical analysis of possible signals for CPT and Lorentz violation in these systems. We use the framework of Colladay and Kosteleck\'y, which consists of a general extension of the $SU(3) \times SU(2) \times U(1)$ standard model including possible CPT and Lorentz violations arising from spontaneous symmetry breaking at a fundamental level, such as in string theory. We work in the context of an extension of quantum electrodynamics to examine CPT and Lorentz tests in Penning traps. Our analysis permits a detailed study of the effectiveness of experimental tests of CPT and Lorentz symmetry performed in Penning traps. We describe possible signals that might appear in principle, and estimate bounds on CPT and Lorentz violation attainable in present and future experiments.


This paper is concerned with examining the extent to which there is a geographical divide in the academic study of foreign policy analysis. Accepting that there are diverse approaches to that study in the academic communities of the United States and the United Kingdom, this paper argues that it is possible to distinguish between two ideal-types, each exemplified in one of the two communities. This paper outlines these—an American approach based on a desire to construct general theories of foreign policy behaviour, and a British approach which stresses the need for case-studies and eschews the possibility of general theory. The reasons for the development of these two approaches are then discussed, linking the study of foreign policy to the wider political arena, and the general academic orientation of the two countries. Finally, it assesses the possibility of arriving at a synthesis of the two approaches.


This article investigates the impacts of firms' regulatory compliance and voluntary innovation activities in environmental management on the development of their organizational capabilities and the enhancement of their performance, within the Korean context. The study invokes a structural equation analysis. The results indicate that voluntary innovation activity in response to market pressures makes a significant contribution to the development of firm-specific organizational capability and the enhancement of firms' performance, but regulatory compliance activity does not significantly affect either organizational capability or performance. This capability was also seen to have implications for firm"s performance. This article also suggests several policy implications related to the research.


Oxidative stress damage can lead to premature skin aging or age‐related skin disorders. Therefore, strategies to improve oxidative stress‐induced aging are needed to protect the skin and to treat skin diseases. This study aimed to determine whether the flavonoid corylin derived from Psoralea corylifolia can prevent UV‐induced skin aging and if so, to explore the potential molecular mechanisms. We found that corylin potently blocked UV‐induced skin photoaging in mice by reducing oxidative stress and increasing the nuclear expression of nuclear factor‐erythroid factor 2‐related factor 2 Nrf2. We also found that corylin stimulated Nrf2 translocation into the nucleus and increased the delivery of its target antioxidant genes together with Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1) to dissociate Nrf2. These findings indicate that corylin could prevent skin aging by inhibiting oxidative stress via Keap1‐Nrf2 in mouse cells. Thus, Nrf2 activation might be a therapeutic target for preventing skin aging or skin diseases caused by aging. Our findings also provided evidence that warrants the further investigation of plant ingredients to facilitate the discovery of novel therapies targeting skin aging.


During FY 1989-1992, several diagnostic techniques for studying microgravity combustion have moved from the laboratory to use in reduced-gravity facilities. This paper discusses current instrumentation for rainbow schlieren deflectometry and thermophoretic sampling of soot from gas jet diffusion flames.


The invention provides a LAMP (loop-mediated isothermal amplification) detection kit for transgenic corn NK603 strain. The LAMP kit contains amplification primers of SEQ ID NO:1-6 and also comprises betaine, dNTP, a Bst DNA polymerase buffer solution, a fluorescent dye SYTO-9, Bst DNA polymerase, Mg , a positive control and a negative control. By adopting the kit provided by the invention to perform loop-mediated isothermal amplification, an amplification product is combined with the fluorescent dye SYTO-9 in a reaction solution, and the amplification result is judged by adopting a real-time fluorescent image after reaction. The kit provided by the invention is good in specificity and high in sensitivity, can detect out NK6-3 of which the content is as low as 0.1% in a mixed sample, and is suitable for performing fast and accurate detection in a basic laboratory.


Acknowledgements * INTRODUCTION: practices and representations *1. The ecology of languages * The need for identity and its linguistic * manifestations: endogenous and exogenous * relexifications * The graphic environment * Dramatic change in a specific linguistic ecology: the example of Australia * The political frontier and the ecolinguistic system * The influence of the horse on European languages 98 * A false conception of linguistic ecology: Bickerton's * simulation project * Conclusions *2. The galaxy of languages * Constellations of languages * The galactic model and linguistic policy: * the example of the European Community * The Hindi constellation * The Bambara constellation * The galaxy of writing systems * Conclusions *3. Regulation and change: the homeostatic model * An example of internal regulation: vernacular variants of French * Of ships and languages: from Christopher Columbus to lingua franca * Vernacularization as ecological acclimatization:varieties of French in Africa * African argots and the ecolinguistic niche the example of Bukavu * Conclusions: acclimatization and acclimatation *4. Linguistic representations and change * Linguistic insecurity and representations: a historical approach * Some theoretical problems: a first approach * Some problems of description * Conclusions *5. Transmission and change * The transmission of first languages and the myth of the mother tongue * The case of creoles: upheaval in the ecolinguistic niche and linguistic change * The transmission of gravitational systems * Conclusion: evolution and revolution *6. Five case studies * One name for several languages: Arabic schizoglossia Several names for one language: the example * of Kituba * One, two or three languages? The example of Serbo-Croat * Kraemer: the invention of French in the socioprofessional context * An ecological niche: the Island of St-Barthelemy * CONCLUSION: Inventing language, giving it a name * Notes * Bibliography * Index


The influence of TiO2, ZrO2 and (-Al2O3 substrates on the development of NaA type zeolite membranes in clear solution by hydrothermal synthesis without addition of seed were investigated. The final composition of the solution on molar basis was Na2O∶SiO2∶Al2O3∶H2O = 10∶1∶0.2∶200. XRD characterizations indicate that the zeolite membrane on the titania/(-alumina supports is NaA-type. The experimental results of SEM and permeation show that TiO2 substrate is the best substrate for obtaining NaA type zeolite membrane. For the NaA zeolite membrane on TiO2 substrate, its permeability of hydrogen did not change with pressure and its permeselectivity of hydrogen to nitrogen was about 8, which was higher than that of Knudsen diffusion. It suggests that the NaA type zeolite membrane on TiO2 substrate was defect-free and possessed the performance of partial molecular sieving. The results indicated that both the amount of hydroxyl on the surface and hydrophilic properties of the support directly affect the growth of zeolite membrane.


P-mode oscillation spectra (l = 0-4; n = 12-30) were calculated for three solar models with helium mass fractions Y = 0.230, 0.235, and 0.240. The solar models were tuned to have the Sun's radius and luminosity by adjusting both the age and the ratio of the mixing length to pressure scale height parameter. The models were identically constrained in all other respects. A 4 percent change in the mass fraction of helium produces less than a 0.1 percent change in the frequencies of the low degree p-modes. This result implies that it will be very difficult to determine the helium abundance of the sun directly from the p-mode oscillation spectrum since the frequencies of the modes are relatively insensitive to changes in the helium abundance. 10 references.


Overview of the international debate on heritage conservation and of the regulatory milieu of the planning system in Portugal as a rationale and backdrop for the establishment of the urban conservation framework. It looks at the management and planning control mechanisms in place and the local practice and implementation of heritage policy in world heritage cities, in particular in the city of Porto.


Online communities have become increasingly popular sources of information for both users and organisations. Every day thousands of users ask questions on these platforms, yet this knowledge-sharing process is not very studied. In this paper we aim to fill this knowledge-gap, by providing a general framework for studying the knowledge-sharing processes in such online communities. Specifically, we provide a three-step algorithm, that can create process models from interleaved and unlabelled conversations. We provide an instantiation of our framework, and conduct several experiments to evaluate its performance using the process mining tool Disco. From these experiments we show that it is possible to gain meaningful insights from the conversations on online communities using process mining techniques.


A part from a rambling affair involving wigwams, the only joke I can ever remember is: what do you call a woman with two pints of lager on her head? Beatrix.


Persistence in the WFC3/IR detector appears to decay as a power law as a function of time elapsed since the end of a stimulus. In this report we study departures from the power law at times shorter than a few hundreds seconds after the stimulus. In order to have better short-time cadence, we use the Multiaccum (.ima) files, which trace the accumulated charge in the pixels as function of time, rather than the final pipeline products (.flt files), which instead report the electron rate estimated via a linear fit to the accumulated charge vs. time relation. We note that at short times after the stimulus, the absolute change in persistence is the strongest, thus a linear fit to the accumulated signal (the .flt values) can be a poor representation of the strongly varying persistence signal. The already observed power-law decay of the persistence signal, still holds at shorter times, with typical values of the power law index, γ ∈ [−0.8,−1] for stimuli that saturate the WFC3 pixels. To a good degree of approximation, a single power law is a good fit to the persistence signal decay from 100 to 5000 seconds. We also detect a tapering-off in the power-law decay at increasingly shorter times. This change in behavior is of the order of ∆γ ∼ 0.02− 0.05 when comparing power-law fits performed to the persistence signal from 0 up to 250 seconds and from 0 up to 4000 seconds after the stimulus, indicating that persistence decays slightly more rapidly as time progresses. Our results may suggest that for even shorter times, not probed by our study, the WFC3 persistence signal might deviate from a single power-law model. Copyright c © 2018 The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Instrument Science Report WFC3 2018-05


Introduction:
Although mobile phones are extensively used, few of its possible health hazards were studied. Many investigators studied the possible carcinogenic effects, however few gave attention to possible systemic health hazards of mobile phone.
Objectives:
This work was conducted to study the possible systemic effects of mobile phones.
Subjects and Methods:
This study was conducted during the period from 1st of October to end of December 2015. A cross sectional survey was conducted to study possible health hazards of mobile phone. The study involved 692 students and employees at King Khalid University, Abha, KSA. An internet self administered questionnaire was used to collect data.
Results:
Tinnitus was heard after mobile use by 362(52%) of subjects. 260 (37.6%) felt hearing loss. In addition 505 (73%) had insomnia during night. Lack of concentration was reported by 563 (81.4%) of subjects. In addition 205 (29.6%) suffered palpitation on increased use of mobile phone. Wrist pain was felt by 438 (63.3%). Also 536 (77.5%) felt neck pains at least occasionally. 117 (16.9%) had pain in lower limb after keeping the mobile phone at their belts. 430 (81.4%) of subjects complained of memory loss. Headache after mobile use was felt by 363 (52.5%) subjects.
Comparison between age groups showed that insomnia, tinnitus, and lack of concentration increased with age. Also insomnia, lack of concentration were more common among smokers. Leg pain was more common between smokers under 18 years of age.
Conclusions:
Possible subjective health hazards were frequently reported among mobile users. They included insomnia, lack of concentration, memory loss, palpitations, wrist pain and leg pains.


Innovation has been considered necessary for solving every problem today. In any business meeting, conference or media innovation is discussed and desired. However, key challenges in realizing innovation are a well understood framework and an infrastructure for its successful deployment. Current frameworks including Open Innovation, Crowd Sourcing and many others do not address corporate needs in terms of credibility and for its body of knowledge for developing competency. Having established a credible and teachable framework for innovation, the author realized that organization leadership is unable to drive innovation due to misunderstanding of innovation principles and change management at the leadership level. Recognizing success of Prof. Kotter's Leading Change model, the author adapts the model to managing the innovation change [1]. This paper presents application of the Leading Change to innovation management and providing guidance to organization leadership for innovation deployment. Innovation dep...


Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) is the most common epileptic syndrome in adults, and also the most resistant to clinical treatment. Several studies were designed to study brain impacts from focal epilepsies. Surface Based Morphometry (SBM) is a well-validated analytical procedure used to quantify cortical thickness and other parameters in MRI. In the present study, we evaluated cortical involvement in TLE patients in function of seizures control.


The internal-fixed bone plate of long bone and the technique for setting bone are present in the invention. The plate is consisted of upper wing plate, lower wing plate and ventral plate. the section of bone plate is Z shape. When operating the set bone is sawed and a suitable crack is formed, the bone plate is inserted into the crack, the upper wing and lower wing are respectively fixed on the internal and external surface of broken bone. With the invention the crook, turn and malposition are effectively prevented.


The reliability analysis method of deployment mechanism solar arrays was proposed.Firstly,the composing of solar arrays and its deployment mechanism were introduced and the fault tree of the deployment system was built in order to qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.Form analysis there are conclusion that the shortage of moments of twisting spring and the seizure of mechanism are the key problems which lead to the invalidation of solar arrays deployment mechanism and some methods and suggestions that to prevent those problems are also presented in the paper.Furthermore,the reliability modeling and analysis method of deployment mechanism solar arrays were proposed from three aspects of static torque margin,torque and the power by torque.


Objective: To investigate the effect of Cobalt chloride(CoCl2) on the expression of a novel gene Mipu1 in H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes.Methods: Various concentration of CoCl2(0,100,200,300,400,500μmol/L)was used to treat H9c2 cells for 9h,and 200μmol/L CoCl2 was used to treat H9c2 cells for various periods of time(0,6,9,12,24h),then RT-PCR and Western Blot were used to observe the expression of Mipu1 in H9c2 cells.Results: The expression of Mipu1 mRNA and protein was enhanced by CoCl2 in H9c2 cells.Compared with the group of 100μmol/L CoCl2,the expression of Mipu1 was higher in the group of 200μmol/L CoCl2.However,the expression of Mipu1 did not improve treated by more higher concentration of CoCl2(200μM).With the time of CoCl2 treatment ex-tending,the expression of Mipu1 gradually increased,and reached peak at12h,but decreased at 24h.Conclusion: Treatment of H9c2 rat cardiomyocytes with CoCl2 resulted in a limitedly dose-and time-dependent increase in a novel gene Mipu1 expression.


: Inclusion complexation of meloxicam and piroxicam with  -CD and  -CD were studied by UV-Visible, fluorescence, time resolved fluorescence and molecular modeling techniques. Dual emission noticed in the CD solutions recommended that the energy of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) state is lower than that of the locally excited state. The shorter wavelength band was originated from the locally excited state and the longer wavelength band was due to the planar intramolecular charge transfer (PICT) state emission. The ratio of the PICT emission to the normal emission marginally increased with  -CD concentration, while it was slightly increased upon addition of  -CD. The above behavior indicating the formation of different 1 : 1 drug : CD inclusion complexes. The size of the benzamido ring suggested that the orientation of the drug in the  -CD complex is different from that in the  -CD complex. PM3 calculations were also carried out to assign the encapsulation of the drug molecules.


This post-graduate dissertation deals with the construction of an on-line travel agency. The outstanding element of this program is the adaptivity, according to the preferences of each user, as well as the previous destinations that s/he has already visited. Through this program, there is the possibility to select which one from the available destinations and dates and his/her preferences are stored in the database of the system. The system provides dynamically destinations to the user based on the destinations s/he has already visited. Moreover, the user can choose a hotel and rent a car according to the chosen dates. Also, the user can be informed for the destinations of the system, based on their geography, history and culture. Furthermore, an important element which is offered by the system is the on-line help in a form that can support the user modeling and adaptivity. Concerning the database, there is the possibility of storage of records and elements of each user. Finally, the system provides several travel tools to the users, such as weather forecast and currency converter.


Over the last decade, companies have been slowly realizing that the World Wide Web represents both a pivotal new source of information on their customers and game-changing technology that will augment their current business operations. In response to this recognition, companies are showing interest in technology that tells them what is happening online and leverages it to improve their deliverable or value. This paper presents a project at IBM Research, commissioned by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), to leverage deep Web data to help them stay in touch with their client base. This project also demonstrates the emergence of Web X.0 data as a critical (freely available) resource that can be captured by anyone, harnessed for any particular application domain and then packaged and sold to corporations and governments.


Leflunomide is a commercially available immunosuppressive agent approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The compound is administered orally and is rapidly converted to the active compound A77 1726. The half-life of A77 1726 is long, with values reported as 10–15 days. Steady state plasma concentrations, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, approach 250 μM. The proposed mechanism of A77 1726 is a reduction in lymphocyte proliferation due to inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis and inhibition of tyrosine kinases. Given the need for chemotherapeutics with activity against neoplastic B-cell diseases that possess favorable pharmacokinetic and side effect profiles, we examined the in vitro antiproliferative effect of A77 1726 upon neoplastic B-cell lines, and its in vitro cytotoxic effect upon primary CLL cells. Raji, Ramos, 697, WaC3CD5 and Daudi B-cell lines were treated with A77 1726 (0, 1, 10, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μM) for 24, 48 and 96 hrs in RPMI media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. The antiproliferative effect of was determined using the MTT assay. A77 1726 IC 50 values for each cell line are: Raji (36 μM), Ramos (18 μM), 697 (29 μM), WaC3CD5 (83 μM) and Daudi (13 μM). Cell cycle analysis of Raji cells using propidium iodide (PI) staining with FACS analysis, showed a reduction of the fraction of cells in G2 from 19 % to 4.9 % with A77 1726 (200 μM) treatment. A77 1726 binds to albumin, diminishing its effective concentration. Human albumin (3 gm/dl) reduced the effectiveness of A77 1726 (200 μM) upon both Raji and WaC3CD5 cell lines. In the presence of albumin, the number of viable Raji cells increased from 32% to 74%, and for WaC3CD5 cells the value increased from 19% to 78%, as compared to the untreated control cells. Both cell lines multiplied slower in the presence of human albumin, thus the observed antiproliferative effect of A77 1726 was proportionally reduced. A77 1726 reduces de novo pyrimidine synthesis by inhibiting the enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. The reduction in de novo pyrimidine synthesis can be surmounted by the exogenous addition of uridine to the culture media. The Raji and WaC3CD5 cell lines were incubated with A77 1726 with and without uridine to determine the role of pyrimidine synthesis in A77 1726′s antiproliferative effect upon the cell lines. For the Raji cell line, addition of 50 μM uridine to A77 1726 (200 μM) treated cells increased the number of viable cells from 22% to 62% of the untreated control. For the WaC3CD5 cell line, the addition of uridine did not decrease the antiproliferative effect of A77 1726. These data agree with prior studies that indicated an antiproliferative effect of A77 1726 beyond its inhibition of de novo pyrimidine synthesis. CLL cells do not reproduce in vitro ; however, we hypothesized that the pyrimidine-independent effect of A77 1726 may be cytotoxic to CLL cells in vitro . Five negatively selected primary CLL samples were treated with A77 1726 (0, 50, 100, 200 and 300 μM) for 120 hrs and cell viability was determined with the MTT assay. Significant (greater than 40 % of control value) cytotoxicity occurred with 200 μM A77 1726 in 3 of 5 samples. Treatment with 300 μM A77 1726 led to significant killing in all the samples; the mean viability, as compared to untreated control, was 36% (SD 21, N=5). Addition of uridine did not reverse the observed cytotoxic effect of A77 1726 upon CLL cells. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining with FACS analysis confirmed the cytotoxic effect of A77 1726 on CLL cells. Further study of leflunomide in animal models of neoplastic B-cell disorders is warranted.


After the Fourth Lateran Council (A.D. 1215), the church, with the exception of the Eastern Orthodox Church, restricted the participation of children in eucharistic celebrations based on the exegesis of 1 Corinthians 11:29 regarding "recognizing the body of the Lord" and Roman Catholicism's emphasis on the doctrine of transubstantiation. It has long been common for adults to believe that children lack the degree of cognitive ability necessary to give a confession of faith in order to receive the Lord's Supper. After the publication of Christian L. Keidel's article "Is the Lord's Supper for Children?" in 1975, however, many Reformed churches in North America began to reconsider age-appropriate participation of children in the Lord's Supper. Because there is no mention of the Lord's Supper for children in the Bible or in any historical documents from the first to the third century, scholars have been unable to establish clear guidelines for acceptance or refusal. Therefore, researching children's religious thinking in relation to cognitive development is essential in deciding the matter of their participation in the Lord's Supper.


Isolated fallopian tube anomalies are a rare group of disorders, usually observed in otherwise asymptomatic patients. If symptomatic, the patients may present with infertility or unspecified abdominal pains. Various aetiologies have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, ranging from congenital to vascular events. Diagnosis is very challenging because in most cases those abnormalities are not easily seen on ultrasound, computed tomography, or even magnetic resonance imaging. The most objective and certain diagnosis, however, can be obtained through laparoscopy with an associated histopathological examination performed if necessary. Management of this rare group of disorders remains unclear – because the number of cases is relatively small, there is no consensus on treatment. We present a case of a 22-year-old woman with no relevant clinical history and no sexual activity with large bilateral hydrosalpinx that developed as a result of bilateral distal fallopian tube segmental absence with associated occlusion and concomitant endometriotic implants in the vicinity of the left ovarian fossa and the peritoneum of the rectouterine pouch. To our best knowledge, only a few similar cases have been described in the literature. We summarise the available descriptions of this group of pathologies, present theories that have been proposed to explain this phenomenon, and provide various classifications of those disorders.


Lower extremity ulcers and amputations are an increasing problem among individuals with diabetes. Data from the 1983-90 National Hospital Discharge Surveys (NHDS) indicate that 6% of hospitalizations listing diabetes on the discharge record also listed a lower extremity ulcer condition. Chronic ulcers were present in 2.7% of all hospitalizations that listed diabetes. The average length of stay (LOS) for diabetes discharges with ulcer conditions was 59% longer than for diabetes discharges without them. Clinical epidemiologic studies suggest that foot ulcers precede ~85% of nontraumatic lower extremity amputations (LEAs) in individuals with diabetes.


The I. E. Melhus Symposium is a prestigious event that takes place as part of the annual meeting of the American Phytopathology Society. The 19th symposium highlights some of the best and brightest graduate students in epidemiology on the theme Data Driven Plant Health. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, the entire meeting was online. Despite the challenges, the awardees successfully presented their research to a live online audience of more than 150 attendees. The five research projects are collected in this issue of Plant Health Progress.


The effect of changes in taxation on the marriage rate in Austria is reviewed. The author finds that marriage levels reached a peak in 1972 and 1987 when tax breaks for newly married couples were introduced. A peak was also seen in 1983 when such a change was rumored. Consideration is given to subsequent effects on fertility births outside of marriage and the divorce rate. (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA) (ANNOTATION)


The mechanism by which chronic ethanol consumption reduces concentrations of long chain polyunsaturated (LCP) fatty acids (FA) in tissues of humans was investigated in alcohol-dependent (AD) men during early withdrawal and to a well-matched control group by fitting the concentration-time curves of d5-labeled n-3 FA from plasma and liver, which originated from an oral dose of d5-linolenic acid (d5-18:3n-3) ethyl ester to a compartmental model. Blood sampled over 168 h and a liver specimen obtained 96 h after isotope administration were analyzed for d5-18:3n-3, d5-20:5n-3, d5-22:5n-3, and d5-22:6n-3. Plasma 20:5n-3 and 22:5n-3 were lower in AD subjects, compared with controls (20:5n-3: -50%, 22:5n-3: -34%). Increased amounts of d5-18:3n-3 were directed toward synthesis of d5-20:5n-3 in AD subjects (P , .05). However, this effect was offset by larger amounts of 20:5n-3 lost from plasma (control: 2.0 vs. AD: 4.2 mg d). In livers of AD subjects, more d5-18:3n-3 and d5-22:5n-3 were utilized for synthesis of d5-20:5n-3 (1200%) and d5-22:6n-3 (1210%), respectively, than was predicted from plasma kinetics. Although, the potential to utilize linolenic acid for synthesis of LCP FA was greater in AD subjects compared with controls, heightened disappearance rates of 20:5n-3 reduced overall plasma concentrations of several endogenous n-3 LCP FA.—Pawlosky, R. J., J. R. Hibbeln, D. Herion, D. E. Kleiner, and N. Salem, Jr. Compartmental analysis of plasma and liver n-3 essential fatty acids in alcohol-dependent men during withdrawal. J. Lipid Res. 2009. 50: 154–161. Supplementary key words ethanol • a-linolenic acid • docosahexaenoic acid • isotope tracer • compartmental modeling • d5-fatty acids • eicosapentaenoic acid • cigarette smoking One notable change associated with a prolonged alcohol insult in animals (1–10) and tobacco smoking in humans (11–13) is the reduction of long chain polyunsaturated (LCP) fatty acids (FA), such as arachidonic (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acids (22:6n-3), in body tissues including the liver (1–5) and brain (9, 10). Loss of LCP FA, particularly 22:6n-3, has been related to liver pathology (2, 5) as well as reduction of visual function (10) in alcohol-consuming primates. Interestingly, higher intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementing the diet in the form of phosphatidylcholine phospholipids prevented development of fibrosis in alcohol-consuming baboons (14), suggesting that maintenance of LCP FA is important for liver function. a-Linolenic acid, 18:3n-3, the most abundant n-3 essential fatty acid (EFA) in the North American diet, represents only a small percentage of the polyunsaturated FA intake (15). The LCP FA, eicosapentaenoic acid, (20:5n-3), docosapentaenoic acid, (22:5n-3), and 22:6n-3 are synthesized from 18:3n-3 through sequential steps of elongation and desaturation in hepatocytes (16), and stable isotope studies have indicated that men have a lower capacity to biosynthesize 22:6n-3 than women (17, 18). Observational studies in humans that have examined the effects of alcohol abuse on EFA status without controlling for tobacco smoking can be confounded by the direct effect that smoking has on dietary EFA intake and metabolism (12, 13, 19, 20). Few animal studies have examined the direct effects of ethanol consumption on EFA metabolism using quantitative tracer techniques (6, 7) and studies, which use tissue lipid compositional data as a means of comparison, are insufficient for determining mechanistic effects of ethanol on FA metabolism. Previously, kinetic parameters relative to LCP FA biosynthesis in humans were determined using a quantitative tracer technique together with a compartmental modeling procedure (21). Recently, the complex effects of habitual smoking on plasma n-3 EFA status and metabolism has been reported in men and women consuming a metabolically controlled diet (22). These investigations have been further extended to an examination of plasma and liver kinetics of n-3 EFA metabolism in alcohol-dependent Manuscript received 18 June 2008 and in revised form 25 July 2008 and in re-revised form 18 August 2008. Published, JLR Papers in Press, August 22, 2008. DOI 10.1194/jlr.M800322-JLR200 Abbreviations: AD, alcohol-dependent; CRN, Clinical Research Network; LCP, long chain polyunsaturated; MAST, Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test; NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; PFB, pentafluorobenzyl; SCID, Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnosis. 1 To whom correspondence should be addressed. e-mail: email@example.com 154 Journal of Lipid Research Volume 50, 2009 This article is available online at http://www.jlr.org (AD) males paired with a group of chronic smokers. Plasma kinetic parameters were determined directly from the concentration-time curves of the d5-labeled FA 18:3n-3, 20:5n-3, 22:5n-3, and 22:6n-3 for each subject. This study also offered for the first time the unique opportunity to compare the plasma kinetic n-3 fatty acid profile to n-3 FA metabolism in the liver of humans directly. In vivo liver n-3-FA kinetics were extrapolated from the fatty acyl composition of specimens obtained 96 h after the d5-18:3n-3 ethyl ester had been consumed.


The pressures which act on a software system over its life from inception to retirement are many and varied. It is an important goal in considering software evolvability to understand, and if possible to manage these influences. Our previous simulations of software evolution processes have concentrated on capturing the human-related aspects of software evolution, whilst effectively treating technical entities as objects which are acted on by humans and their organisations. Latour's actor-network theory (ANT) suggests that the non-human entities - development tools, document, the system itself - are potentially active participants in their own evolution. We describe Latour's theory, and present a model of a software evolution process in the form of a diagram which places technical and human aspects in juxtaposition closer to that which ANT would suggest than previous models. We believe that this approach will result in a more accurate representation of the process, and thus be a step towards dynamic simulation models whose predictive power will help us to better understand and manage software evolution and evolvability


The phase-noise theory and design of a differential CMOS LC-tank VCO with double switch pair is presented. A formula for the minimum achievable phase noise in the 1/f2 region is derived. The 2.15 to 2.35GHz 0.3mum CMOS VCO has a phase noise of -143.9dBc/Hz at 3MHz offset and draws 4mA from a 2.5V supply


In-reactor studies of intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) in sensitized Type 304 stainless steel were performed during operation under hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) in the Swedish Ringhals-1 BWR. Techniques used were constant elongation rate tensile (CERT) tests and corrosion potential (ECP) measurements. Objective of the tests was to identify and investigate factors other than oxygen concentration in the water, which affect IGSCC. Results show that hydrogen peroxide and sulfate in the water severely enhance IGSCC, and thus need to be controlled to fully mitigate IGSCC by HWC. Hydrogen in recirculation water was mildly beneficial, and nitrate was fairly harmless. HWC arrests existing IGSCC cracks, but if HWC is stopped the cracks eventually become reactivated. No difference in IGSCC propensity was found between unfilmed steel and steel prefilmed in the HWC environment for eight weeks. 40 refs., 16 figs., 13 tabs.


Building on a mixed data sampling (MIDAS) model we evaluate the predictive power of a variety of monthly macroeconomic indicators for forecasting quarterly Chinese GDP growth. We iterate the evaluation over forecast horizons from 370 days to 1 day prior to GDP release and track the release days of the indicators so as to only use information which is actually available at the respective day of forecast. This procedure allows us to detect how useful a specific indicator is at a specific forecast horizon relative to other indicators. Despite being published with an (additional) lag of one month the OECD leading indicator outperforms the leading indicators published by the Conference Board and by Goldman Sachs. Albeit being smaller in terms of market volume, the Shenzhen Composite Stock Exchange Index outperforms the Shanghai Composite Stock Exchange Index and several Hong Kong Stock Exchange indices. Consumer price inflation is especially valuable at forecast horizons of 11 to 7 months. The reserve requirement ratio for small banks proves to be a robust predictor at forecast horizons of 9 to 5 months, whereas the big banks reserve requirement ratio and the prime lending rate have lost their leading properties since 2009. Industrial production can be quite valuable for now - or even forecasting, but only if it is released shortly after the end of a month. Neither monthly retail sales, investment, trade, electricity usage, freight traffic nor the manufacturing purchasing managers' index of the Chinese National Bureau of Statistics help much for now - or forecasting. Our results might be relevant for experts who need to know which indicator releases are really valuable for predicting quarterly Chinese GDP growth, and which indicator releases have less predictive content.


Much of the design effort for naval ships is devoted to development of repeat ship designs. The decision to repeat a design rather than develop a new one is often based on perceptions of what the repeat ship will be; that it will be less expensive or that it will be available sooner. This paper addresses these factors in depth. Repeat designs prepared in the last decade by NAVSEA (Naval Sea Systems Command) are described. The similarity and differences between the earlier design and the repeat design are noted. Examples are discussed of repeats that are exact copies to those that are significantly different. Reasons for changes between the designs are identified. The significant requirements changes that occurred over the years and forced changes to the earlier designs are presented. Costs for the various phases of ship development are provided for the original and the repeat designs. Separate costs are shown for early stage and detail design and production. Costs have all been adjusted to a common base for easy comparison. The times for design and construction and delivery of the ship are presented. The findings in regard to both costs and times are highlighted and discussed. The paper concludes with guidelines that should be used in determining whether a repeat or new design should be undertaken.


People judged as highly attractive are more typical in appearance than people who are judged as less attractive. They are liked better but are harder to recognize because they are more similar to each other. This constellation of results is consistent with current views about the nature of category structure.


Recent laws in California and Arizona allow doctors to legally recommend marijuana for the pain and discomfort associated with AIDS and other serious illnesses. Federal authorities continue to oppose this legislation, and promise to prosecute physicians who recommend or prescribe the drug. A 1990 survey of cancer specialists showed that 54 percent were in favor of the law, and 44 percent had already broken the law by recommending marijuana to their patients.


ABSTRACT: The polymerase chain reaction‐restricted fragment length polymorphism (PCR‐RFLP) method was used for both examining compatibility at the HLA‐DQB1 gene locus and determining HLA‐DQ antigen polymorphism in spouses of unexplained recurrent abortions. Genomic DNA samples were prepared from peripheral mononuclear cells from patient and control couples. Two hundred and thirty base pair fragments of the second exon of the HLA‐DQB genes were selectively amplified. Amplified DNAs were digested with the restriction endonucleases, Fok I, Hae III, Hha I, Rsa I and Sau3A I, and subjected to electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel. The RFLPs showed that habitual aborters and their husbands had neither significantly frequent alleles nor shared common alleles at the HLA‐DQB locus when compared to the control group.


In treating genetically significant doses to the gonads of patients undergoing roentgen diagnostic procedures, it is necessary to know the age and sex distribu tion with respect to different types of examinations. The gonad doses to patients of postfertile age have no genetical significance. As will be seen later on (Chapter VIII) , the genetical significance of the gonad doses is unchanged during the prefertile period but decreases steadily during the fertile period. Only a few classifications of age and sex distributions in roentgen examinations have been published. STANFORD & VANCE (1955) analysed 9,000 cases from two hospitals. This classification was extended by OSBORN & SMITH (1956), who analysed the examinations made in five hospitals during one year. However, they neither reported the number of examinations analysed, nor presented any distribution curves; they stated only that the series totalled less than 1 in 800 of the annual number of examinations for the country as a whole. — In the U.S.A., LAUGHLIN & PULLMAN (1957) gave figures for the age and sex distribu tions at several hospitals. Their analysis was not classified with regard to types of examinations. — In Denmark, CHRISTIANSEN (1957) classified 19,000 examina tions that had been performed in one roentgen department during 1955. Age and sex distribution curves were given for different types of examination. — In Sweden no classifications of this kind had earlier been reported. A classification of patients in Swedish roentgen diagnostic examinations was therefore required. It was made as follows. In five big roentgen departments the indexes, for scientific purposes, of dif ferent types of examinations were gone through. The classification related to the year 1955. The types of examinations that were analysed are listed in Table 51 (adults) and in Table 52 (children). One of the five departments was for pediatrie roentgen diagnostics; the other four dealt, as a rule, only with adults. The listed types of examinations were selected with regard to the magnitude of the mean gonad doses and the frequency. Although the gonad doses were found to be low in chest examinations, the latter were numerous enough to justify inclusion in the classification. On the other hand, such examinations as phlebography and arteriography of the lower extremities, pelvic phlebography


We study the time-dependent entanglement entropy. We consider small deformation of anti-de Sitter space and compute holographic entanglement entropy. Our main object of interest is the time-periodic solutions which were constructed in scalar fields coupled to Einstein gravity.


Much has been done, both on the Continent and at home, to elucidate this malady since Raynaud first published his monograph in 1862. He at that time classified the disease under five heads, which to a great extent are indicative rather of the degree than of the etiology of the individual case. The groups are as follows:? 1. Syncope and local asphyxia in the simplest form. 2. Local asphyxia and superficial gangrene, with predominant nervous element.


Two new species of Cydrela Thorell (Zodariidae) are described from Burundi: C. neptuna (%&) from miombo woodland and circumguinean forest and C. kreagra (%) from a seminatural area, both at medium altitude. Both species of Cydrela mentioned from Central Africa previously belong to other genera resulting in the new combinations Systenoplacis biunguis (Strand, 1913) and Capheris brunnea (Marx, 1893). The find of Cydrela in Burundi expands the known distribution of the genus considerably.


Modern aviation simulators are commonly used in training aircraft crew and land service employees. The need to provide qualitative education makes the aviation simulators modify in their structure using algorithms and their elements. Thus it is very important to pay attention to simulators from the other side - using them for teaching.


This paper describes a small college computer lab consisting of machines bootable in Windows NT, Linux, and Minix. I argue that such an arrangement allows small departments to use the same machine for projects in operating systems and data communications that would normally require dedicated labs. I offer technical advice on configuring such a lab and suggest some possible extensions to be implemented in the future.


Acyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) thioesterase is a nuclear encoded plastid localized enzyme which plays an essential role in chain termination during de novo fatty acid synthesis in plant. FatB genes coding for this enzyme from a variety of plant species have been isolated and characterized. However, there are few reports on such genes in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ), an important edible and oilseed crop. In this study, full-length cDNA of an acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase (EC 18.104.22.168), designated as AhFatB1 , was isolated from peanut cDNA libraries. The putative open reading frames consist of 1239 bp with five introns spliced from the corresponding genomic sequence, encoding a 413 amino acid protein, two homologous genes, AhFatB1A and AhFatB1B , with sequence difference at the 5' non-coding regions were characterized at the nucleotide level from different cultivated peanut genotypes, and the two genes have their origin in different diploid progenitor which was evidenced by the characterization of AhFatB1 genes from Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis , the putative A-genome donor and B-genome donor respectively. AhFatB1 genes are constitutively expressed in peanut tissues and the total FatB1 transcript accumulations are temporally regulated during peanut seed development. Keywords: Peanut thioesterase, palmitic acid oilseed


The liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) is a ligand-inducible transcription factor that belongs to a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily. LXRα functions as a transcriptional regulator of several important genes involved in the metabolism of cholesterol, fatty acids, and glucose. We determined the nucleotide sequences of the porcine LXRα cDNA by using full-length cDNA clones derived from porcine cDNA libraries. Two porcine LXRα transcript variants that differed only in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) were identified, and designated as porcine LXRα-1 and LXRα-2. The length of the 5'-UTR of the porcine LXRα-1 is 183 bp, whereas that of LXRα-2 is 216 bp. Both transcripts have an identical 1344-bp putative protein-coding region that encodes 447 amino acids. The 38bp of 3'side of the 5'-UTR is identical between LXRα-1 and LXRα-2. The LXRα-1 is similar to the mRNA of porcine LXRα (DQ059138) . The 5'-UTR of LXRα-1 is 34bp longer than that of DQ059138. The 5'-UTR sequence of LXRa-1 and DQ059138 is similar to the sequence of the exonl of the human LXRα gene and the mouse LXRα gene. The 54bp of the upstream region of the 5'-UTR of LXRα-2 is similar to the exon6 of human ACP2 gene. By using RT-PCR, the expression of the porcine LXRα-1 transcript was detected in the liver, kidney, small intestine, heart, muscle, thymus, spleen, and brain, whereas the porcine LXRα-2 transcript was expressed in the thymus and spleen.


Abstract Karl Polanyi's concept of a "double movement" has been used to describe the protectionist measures taken by governments to mitigate damage caused by the expansion of markets. Through a lens of political economy and historical institutionalism, this article uses Polanyi's framework to examine competing notions of the public interest as exemplifi ed by the socially constructed nature of American and British broadcasting and the legitimating discourse that produced divergent outcomes. A historical analysis points to a decline of the double movement in communication policy, particularly in the U.S., and lends support to calls for noncommercial, public media structures and increased regulation of communication industries.


The purpose of this paper is to study the space ΘD generated by the binary theta series θf attached to the primitive, positive-definite binary quadratic forms f(x, y) = ax + bxy + cy of discriminant D = b − 4ac < 0. It is curious that while much has been written about the space generated by theta series attached to quadratic forms in 2k ≥ 4 variables (cf. [10] and the references therein), the binary case does not seem to have been treated in detail in the literature. By the work of Weber[25], Hecke[8] and Schoeneberg[18], it is known that ΘD is a subspace of the space M1(|D|, ψD) of modular forms of weight 1, level |D| and Nebentypus ψD, where ψD = ( D · ) is the Kronecker-Legendre character. Contrary to the case of higher weight, the space of binary theta series is often a proper subspace of M1(|D|, ψD) (cf. Remark 16) and so it is of interest to be able to identify it inside the space of modular forms. As a first step towards this, we explain in this paper how each theta series θf can be expressed as a linear combination of the canonical (extended) Atkin-Lehner basis of M1(|D|, ψD); cf. Remark 30(b). This will be used in the next paper[12] to give an intrinsic description of the space of theta series. To this end we first observe that ΘD has a natural basis {θχ} indexed by the characters χ ∈ Cl(D)∗ of the class group Cl(D) of forms of discriminant D. It turns out that each θχ is a normalized eigenform with respect to Hecke algebra T(D); the latter is the algebra generated by all Hecke operators Tn with (n,D) = 1. Theorem 1 The space ΘD is a T(D)-submodule of M1(|D|, ψD) of multiplicity one, and has a canonical basis {θχ} consisting of normalized T(D)-eigenforms. Furthermore, θχ is a cusp form if and only if χ is not a quadratic character.


A noninvasive wrist worn blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring system is developed and discussed in this paper intended for low cost community health care applications based on android platform. This system includes real time continuous collection of physiological parameters (blood pressure, pulse rate) of a patient and wireless transmission to a tablet PC which can be monitored for diagnosis by a medical practitioner. A reliable wireless personal area network like bluetooth has been used for data transmission. The hardware design of this system includes blood pressure sensors, PIC microcontroller, bluetooth module and a tablet PC. The system will generate and send warning messages to the doctor/care giver, when the sensor values exceed the permissible range.


The phenomenon of magnetic field dependent, high frequency (~600 MHz) surface acoustic wave (SAW) attenuation in evaporated thin films of Ni and KiFe alloys with negative magnetoelastic coupling constants has been previously reported. In this paper we present experimental data on the SAW attenuation in R.F. sputtered thin films of Fe,,Si,,B,, which have a positive magnetostriction constant. Although the attenuation data for Fe,,Si,,B,, is similar to that obtained for NiFe alloys, there are qualitative differences which might be ascribed to differences in film structure or signs of the respective magnetostrictive constants of the two types of films.


The dynamic behaviour of the vertical axis wind turbine of the EOLE Project is examined using a special purpose program developed for extracting the complex frequencies and mode shapes of the structure. The precise evaluation of the frequencies is an important step in the design process, to detect any dynamic instabilities of the rotor for a given speed. Gyroscopic effects and geometric nonlinearities due to centrifugal and gravity forces as well as the vertical compression due to the tension of the guys are also considered. Nonlinear behaviour of the guys is also accounted for. The influence of the variation in the stiffness of the guys on the dynamic behaviour is examined specifically for the EOLE Project. Results indicate that this effect is not important if the initial tension in the guy is high. Key words: Vertical axis wind turbines, guys, complex frequencies, complex mode shapes, centrifugal forces, Coriolis forces, Campbell diagrams, numerical software.


During the low load operation of a turbocharged diesel engine there may emerge a series of inherent characteristics, such as insufficient supercharged pressure, a small excess air factor for combustion and high exhaust gas temperature, etc. To deal with the above deficiencies, a new method has been proposed. It involves the use of exhaust waste heat of a supercharger to produce water steam, which is to be injected into a turbine to enhance the pressure ratio and airflow rate of the supercharger. This will result in an improved matching of the turbocharger and diesel and a better diesel performance.


1 College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Heyuan Polytechnic, Heyuan 517000, China 2 Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, China 3 College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Heyuan Polytechnic, Heyuan 517000, China 4 College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China E-mail: email@example.com, email@example.com


2EMHFWLYHBreast Cancer is the most common cancer in Iranian women. Breast tumors DUH FODVVL¿HG EDVHG RQ WKH HVWURJHQ UHFHSWRU DOSKD (5Į H[SUHVVLRQ VWDWXV LQWR (5 negative and ER positive tumors. ER negative tumors tend to have worse prognosis and less likely to respond to endocrine therapy. Aberrant methylation of gene promoter is one of the mechanisms for gene silencing in breast tumors. Because of its reversible nature, promoter methylation is a good target for new therapeutic strategies. We aimed


Abstract Until about 1985, apart from traditional dialectological research, the study of Hungarian in Hungary focused mostly on the Codified Standard Hungarian variety, whose speakers are powerful in social but not in numerical terms. Sociolinguistic research since 1985 has now resulted in a program which embraces not only the 10 million (largely monolingual) Hungarians in Hungary proper, but also the 3 million bi- or multilingual minority Hungarians in the seven neighboring countries (kin-states). This program was initiated by researchers of the Department of Sociolinguistics in the Linguistics Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. This paper offers linguists who do not read Hungarian an overview of this research carried out between 1985 and 2022.


Abstract This article describes a qualitative case study of the graphic design workforce of non-formally trained graphic designers (NFTGD) on the graphic design industry in Asafo, Kumasi. Non-formal, in this case, means non-experts or non-professionals in the field of graphic design. The data collected from respondents were Ghanaians working professionally as graphic designers in Asafo, Kumasi. Ten participants were interviewed on the subject of graphic design. Based on these interviews, common themes such as, production, training of the designer, client relationships, and end-user themes emerge. The results show that NFTGDs now constitute about 82% of the graphic design workforce in Asafo. The results further suggest that the influence of these designers on the design industry at Asafo, Kumasi is due to cheap and affordable pricing, which has resulted in a shift toward an increased client-base for non-formally trained designers. In responses, this creates opportunities for graphic design education to focus on enhancing the abilities of the participants. The study's findings suggest that the high speed of working, in combination with very limited resources to develop new designs are the cause of copyright related issues. 'Borrowing inspiration' from internet resources needs to be addressed by both practice and education.


From developmental period, the bones adapt to the presence of naturally occurring holes, which are known as nutrient foramen that enables the blood vessels and peripheral nerves to pass through the cortex of the bone. Nutritional arteries are the main source of blood supply to long bones, which usually meet the need of bones during the growth phase and in the early stages of ossification. In most cases, the nutrient foramen is directed away from the dominant growing end of the long bone. There are often one-two nutritional arteries that supply blood to long bones. In addition to nutritional arteries, metaphyseal, epiphyseal, and periosteal arteries can deliver nutrients to bones. During the early phases of ossifica on, long bones receive about 80% of their blood flow from the nutritional arteries, and coronary arteries perform this task through the periosteum in case of lack of nutritional arteries. Bone nutrient supply leads to the survival of osteoblast and osteocytes cells in bone. Moreover, supplying nutrients for bone is vital for bone grafting. Complete knowledge about blood flow of long bones is one of the most important success factors in the technique of transplantation and cutting bone in orthopaedic cases. In terms of transplantation technique, the presence of various nutrient foramina on bones helps surgeons perform the grafting while causing no damage to the nutritional arteries. Abstract Background: Nutritional arteries are the main source of blood supply to long bones. These foramina enable the blood vessels and nerves to pass through the cortex of the bone. The exact location and distribution of nutrient foramina are important for preventing damage to blood vessels and maintaining blood circulation during various surgical procedures. While inheritance and race are among the most effective factors in the distribution of these foramina, no relevant study has been conducted in Iran. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate this issue in Iran and find differences in comparison with other studies. Methods: This study was performed on 157 lower limb bones present in moulage hall in the school of medicine, including long bones of the femur (N=65), bia (N=65) and fibula (N=27). Results: In this study, 39.09% of the femurs had two nutrient foramina, 90.78% of the bia had a nutrient foramen, and 66.67% of the fibulas lacked a nutrient foramen. The location of the nutrient foramen in the femur was 95.35% at the lower two-thirds. In the tibia, the nutrient foramina were mainly in the upper third (72.15%). In the fibula, the nutrient foramina were mostly in the middle third (66.67%). Conclusion: This study provides more information on morphological and topographic anatomy of the nutrient foramina of long bones of the lower extremity. While techniques such as microvascular bone transfer have become more popular, further research is required to determine the effect of inheritance and race for an anatomical description of bone nutrition.


How can we explain the variations and similarities of Palaeolithic art? Are we to suppose that European artists conformed to one great evolutionary sequence over 20 millennia? Or is the variation geographical, ideological or social? The author begins to address these big questions by deconstructing over 900 images of the horse, the animal most commonly depicted in European caves. He finds it possible to distinguish variations due to differences in live animals and due to differences in methods of representation – allowing the isolation of those few differences due to style. Applying this to a case study at Parpalló in Spain, he notes that the local sequence of horse images correlates with other cultural changes. Here is a method of great potential for revealing conservative and innovative trends.


Since the road traffic accidents are one of the major disruptive issues in modern days, the hazard information and in time rescue procedures are key factors to reduce the risk of road traffic accidents. To overcome these issues, there are a lot of ways to cover such as Video surveillance footage, sensors, etc. This paper is aiming to prevent the highway users from dangerous situations of road accidents by using the built-in high technology sensors in the smartphone and connected with the GSM and GPS technologies, the other communication networks and other mobile applications including weather forecast application for detecting the geographical location and predicting the weather condition of the given location at a time. With the usage of the sensor fusion-based algorithm, the received data from multiple sources are processed effectively and, the optimal results are provided to the users. Firstly, the data values from various sources are collected by using accelerometer, gyroscope and so on. Once the data values have been collected, they are prepared as the relevant datasets to process. After the data values are completed the processing, the system waits for a certain time duration to obtain the user verification message about the validation of accident status. Finally, the system sends the alert message to the contact points of the nearest rescue services based on the last results received from GPS.


This special issue on "Social media use and innovations" of the Journal of Media Innovation provides an engaging view into innovative uses of social media as well as approaches for utilizing social media in innovation.  With three papers included, we cover experiences with an online social network for children (Stephanie Valentine and Tracy Hammond), design by youth for youth in projects on social media for civic engagement (Henry Mainsah, Petter Bae Brandtzaeg, and Asbjorn Folstad), and social platforms for corporate and community innovation (Marika Luders).


In the remote control of distant robots by a human operator, even if the robotic manipulator and/or mobility device has vision or other senses, problems arise involving control, communications, and display. The communication restrictions and especially severe bandwidth limitations suggest that transmitting large numbers of videocamera pictures frame by frame may not be the most expeditious means of providing display feedback to the human operator. A design is presented, suggested by the top-down scanpath theory of human vision, that provides for model control of image processing at the distant space-station site. Some early studies of image processing algorithms operating under model control are presented.<<ETX>>


Downward horizontal draft and high water base cementing method is used to stope the pillar of guard bottom in Fujia Open pit Mine,Jilin Nickel Industry Corporation.It is proved that high water base material filling technology,pulping technology and technical indexes reached the design criteria?.As a result?,extra ore removal is 77,628t?,and good economic benefit is obtained,29.92 million Renminbi.


Objective To evaluate the relationship between body mass index(BMI),waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children.Methods A total of 283 children aged 6~18 years were recruited from our obesity out-patient service from January 2001 to December 2005,179[(11.4±3.0)years] of whom were boys and the others were girls [(12.3±3.0)years].Body weight,height,waist circumference and hip circumference were recorded for each child.Serum TG,TC,HDL-C and LDL-C were measured after 12h fasting.Results Totally 147 of 283 children were diagnosed as with dyslipidemia(51.9%).Children with one,two,three or four abnormal lipid indexes were 100,34,11 and 2 respectively;131 children were observed with elevation of TG and elevation of TC was appeared in 42 children.Increase of LDL-C was found in 17 children,while decrease of HDL-C was found in 20 children;131 of 283 children was diagnosed as with hypertension,among whom 112 and 88 children were found with increase of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.The increase of both systolic and diastolic pressure was found in 69 children.Controlled for age and gender,there was a positive relationship between BMI and serum TG(r=0.13,P0.05).Waist circumference showed not only a positive relationship with serum TG,but also a negative relationship with serum HDL-C(r=-0.14,P0.05).Waist circumference showed a positive relationship with the degree of dyslipidemia,while BMI had no similar relationship.BMI and waist circumference showed positive relationship with systolic and diastolic pressure.Waist circumference,SP,DP,and serum TG were higher while HDL-C was lower in children with abnormal waist circumference.Waist circumference,serum TC,and LDL-C were higher in children with high blood pressure than those in normal blood pressure children.Conclusion Dyslipidemia and high blood pressure are common in obese children.Both BMI and waist circumference show a positive correlation with cardiovascular risk factors.The probable cutoff point for abnormal waist circumference is 95th percentile by age and gender.


Gas hydrates as an important agent for climate change occur worldwide on the continental slopes and in permafrost regions.Based upon the study of the geology and geochemistry of the great geologic transitions,the dissociation of gas hydrates has been considered to probably result in global catastrophic events in the geological history.This idea is supported by global and relatively short-lived negative carbon isotope excursions,methane-derived carbon isotope values(especially δ13C-40‰) in carbonate sediments,carbonate dissolution,the biomarkers indicative of methane release,high accumulation rates of biogenic barite,an unusual suite of sedimentary structures and textures similar to those of cold seep carbonates,submarine sediment failures and crystal fans(e.g.aragonite).However,the"hypothesis"remains controversial and the proposed evidence has their limitations;therefore,we need further research.


The dermatophyte, Micros porum audouinii, is the most common cause of epidermic tinea capitis of children in this country. Epidemics involving thousands of school children have been reported from all parts of the United States. This fungus is considered by most investigators to be anthropophilic. However, there are recorded in the literature three cases of lower animal infections. In two instances M. audouinii was isolated from dogs (1, 2) and in one case from a monkey (3). That lower animals may be parasitized by this dermatophyte is apparent; however, the paucity of reported cases would indicate that such infections are rare. The present paper records the isolation of M. audouinii from a dog found to be spontaneous]y infected by this fungus.


Ag particles were precipitated on an activated carbon fiber (ACF) surface using a liquid phase plasma (LPP) method to prepare a Ag/ACF composite. The efficiency was examined by applying it as an adsorbent in the acetaldehyde adsorption experiment. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry confirmed that Ag particles were distributed uniformly on an ACF surface. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that metallic silver (Ag0) and silver oxide (Ag2O) precipitated simultaneously on the ACF surface. Although the precipitated Ag particles blocked the pores of the ACF, the specific surface area of the Ag/ACF composite material decreased, but the adsorption capacity of acetaldehyde was improved. The AA adsorption of ACF and Ag/ACF composites performed in this study was suitable for the Dose–Response model.


The paper introduces example of support by using anchor net in a ditch project in Wuhan.Taking the Ⅶ area of the ditch as example,the paper checks the internal and out stability,it uses arc Sweden slice method in the check of internal entire stability,it has been proved by the checking results that the supporting method could assure safe of the excavation.


On the basis of the fully investigating SHTB apparatus at home and abroad,the pendulum type indirect bar-bar SHTB apparatus has been developed with the low cost.The powerplant is constituted by a transformed pendulum machine,the key technologies of generating incident square waves.The pendulum's unadjusted velocity is 5m/s,and the energy is 300J.The impacting block and incident bar are connected by a short metal bar whose material is LY12cz.The short metal bar transits fast from the elastic deformation to the plastic deformation until t breaking when the pendulum impacts the block,and the incident wave is not produced by the pendulum impacting the block but used the short metal bar's plastic flow process.The incident wave's width and amplitude are decided by the short metal bar's dimension.The energy transmitted from the pendulum machine to incident bar is fully adjusted and controlled.The range of strain rate is from 100/s to 1600/s in the test sample.The key structure of SHTB apparatus is introduced.Associating a 16MnR material performance experiment,the square stress-wave in the bar's tension spreading process is analyzed;the strain rate and stress-strain relationship is given for this test sample.The stress-strain relation obtained on self-developed SHTB apparatus of the titanium alloy welding material and stainless steel and a 16MnR composite board welding material is simply introduced.The formed process of the bar's short break and incident waves is simulated by the software Ansys Ls-dyna.The generating principle of incident waves is analyzed deeply.The beneficial instruction for the short bar and specimen's test design is proposed.The advantage of self-developed SHTB apparatus is a simple structure and of low cost.


This paper presents a real-time implementation of a Morse code decoder based on the TMS320C6748 digital signal processor. The hardware platform is the TMS320C6748 DSP development kit LCDK. The decoder processes a noisy audio signal, detects Morse signals, selects the strongest one, extracts its dots and dashes, decodes the Morse code and displays the decoded symbols on the VGA monitor in real-time.


The sandfly Lutzomyia longipalpis, an important vector of visceral leishmaniasis in the New World, is believed to be a species complex. In an effort to better understand population dynamics and speciation in this vector we developed a panel of dinucleotide — (CA)n— microsatellite loci using an enrichment technique. Eleven polymorphic loci that produced consistent allelic banding patterns were characterized using a laboratory population of L. longipalpis. These dinucleotide microsatellite loci were more polymorphic than trinucleotide microsatellites characterized in wild-caught samples of two other sandfly species; the variability of these loci was unexpected because the laboratory flies were believed to be inbred.


The utility model discloses a railway wheel tread detector, which comprises a casing, a transverse guide rail, a longitudinal guide rail and a positioning cylinder, wherein the transverse guide rail and the longitudinal guide rail are mounted in the casing, the positioning cylinder extends outside. A laser sensor and a transverse lead screw of the sensor are mounted on the transverse guide rail; the transverse lead screw is driven by a driving motor in a connected manner; a clamping jaw, a longitudinal lead screw of a clamping jaw seat and an electronic ruler are mounted on the longitudinal guide rail; the longitudinal lead screw is driven by a driving motor in a connected manner; both the driving motors of the transverse lead screw and the longitudinal lead screw are controlled by a controller formed by connecting a data processor integrated circuit in a connected manner; output signal lines of the laser sensor and the electronic ruler are connected with an input interface of the controller; and a display screen of the controller is mounted on the outer surface of the casing. Based on the prior art, the railway wheel tread detector solves the problems of measuring errors, poor stability and low efficiency caused by contact manual detection.


Polymers are ideal class of materials to cover large application areas due to their light wt., biocompatibility, non-corrosive nature, chem. inertness, low cost and comparable densities with that of human organs. The usage of polymers is increasing day by day due to some of their special features which include higher strength to wt. ratio, the ease of processability, low cost, light wt., inertness (in most cases), amenability to get a specific property etc. The present study aims for synthesis of biopolymer which is bio compatible and non toxic and which will envisages a tool for the drug delivery. Polymer is characterized by FTIR and DSC which shows presence of moiety present in required polymer. Acute toxicity testing is done in order to render the polymer acceptable for therapeutic use. [on SciFinder(R)]


The dissertation is aimed at providing a coherent picture of care for employees in
the trading company RUBENA a.s. The work is divided into four thematic parts. First
labour-law relation and all its essentials are characterised. The work further deals with
legal regulations concerning care for employees and this is followed by a practical part
presenting particular findings from RUBENA a.s. company. The final part of the work is
an evaluation of the findings obtained compared to the legal regulations on employee care
issues.


Predicting student success in varioi1s academid situations has traditionally been. via the use of ccg. nitfve pre-tests, or other non attitudinal measup4es. This study grouped students according to pre: instruceional expectancy levels (low, average, high). for data analysis purposes. It was hypothesized that students with high expectations would 'be more acadelhIcaLly . successful than students, would with lower expectationt. It waF also hypothesized.that females 1 n would be.relatively more sUccessful in this audiovisual' fundamentals course ttran males. Both hypotheses were, Supported by the data. High expqctancy students were Most successful, and lov,Lexpectancy Students' were least sUccessful.,tn threedifferent tests .of thishyp9thesis:. Also, iemale'students were relatively more SuCcessfui. than males in the three instruettonalormatt. tested.


Current state of the autopsy in Cuba and in some other countries is discussed. We emphasize the decrease of post-mortem studies occurred in the last years, and it must be reversed (even autopsy index in Cuba is higher than in other countries, it represents 58% of hospital deaths). We propose that better use of autopsy, by every participant in the process, will rescue it as the most complete study method for patients and diseases alike, and to guarantee quality in medicine. Necessary steps are detailed, especially about rounds and actions that, once the autopsy is completed, will allow us to use the information provided to attain the highest possible quality in services offered to patients.


Thirty-six patients were treated for severe acne conglobata. Wide and deep excision of the affected area should be followed by wound closure, primary or secondary, depending on the body region involved.


Orthorexia is derived from the Greek words "orthos" meaning correct and "orexis" meaning appetite. It refers to an obsession with healthy food and proper nutrition. Initially, it may stem from a desire to improve one's health, but for some individuals, it escalates into an obsession with healthy eating and avoiding foods they deem "unhealthy" or not "clean" enough. Although orthorexia is not currently classified in the DSM-5 or ICD-11, there are provisional criteria and several studies highlighting its serious symptoms and consequences. This has led some experts to predict its eventual inclusion in diagnostic manuals. However, there is currently no consensus among experts on how to define orthorexia precisely. The lack of a clear definition and validated measures for orthorexia makes it challenging to establish its relationship with various factors such as biological, psychological, social, and behavioral aspects. Therefore, the objective of this research was to propose a biopsychosocial model of orthorexia in women, considering orthorexia as a risk factor in the development of eating disorder symptoms. To achieve this, we identified the most appropriate measure of orthorexia and differentiated it conceptually from diagnostically classified eating disorder symptoms and obsessive-compulsive behavior. The study involved 1337 women aged 18 to 21 from all counties of the Republic of Croatia in a cross-sectional survey conducted online. The participants completed various selfassessment measures related to orthorexia, eating disorder symptoms, and factors associated with biology, psychology, social interactions, and behavior, which could predispose individuals to orthorexia or eating disorders. The results demonstrated that the Teruel Orthorexia Scale and the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale exhibited a good fit to the data, confirmed the expected factor structures with high factor saturations of all items, and displayed high internal consistency reliabilities. Furthermore, both measures showed significant intercorrelation. However, the ORTO-R scale was deemed unsuitable for measuring orthorexia due to its poor fit to the expected factor structure, low factor saturations, low internal consistency reliability, and unexpectedly low correlations with the other two orthorexia measures. Among the TOS and DOS measures, the Teruel Orthorexia Scale was selected as the most suitable measure for this research due to its two-factor structure, differentiating between healthy orthorexia and pathological orthorexia, known as orthorexia nervosa. This distinction provides valuable insights into the relationship between orthorexia and other constructs, distinguishing between individuals displaying signs of healthy orthorexia (non-pathological concern for health and nutrition) and those exhibiting symptoms of orthorexia nervosa (pathological obsession with healthy food). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to test two bifactor models: one aimed at differentiating orthorexia from eating disorder symptoms and the other aimed at differentiating orthorexia from obsessive-compulsive behavior. The results indicated that orthorexia, eating disorder symptoms, and obsessive-compulsive behavior can be considered distinct constructs. They sufficiently measure different aspects and justify their separate assessment within the biopsychosocial model of orthorexia, as they independently contribute to the model and explain specific variations among the variables under investigation. Moreover, orthorexia showed a stronger similarity to eating disorder symptoms than to obsessive-compulsive behavior. Using structural equation modeling, two alternative models were tested, wherein orthorexia's position was altered. One model considered orthorexia, alongside biological, psychological, social, and behavioral factors, as a predictor of eating disorder symptoms. The other model positioned orthorexia as a mediator between these factors and eating disorder symptoms. The results demonstrated that only the model where orthorexia acted as a mediator showed a very good fit to the data. This finding suggests that orthorexia is not a direct part of the psychological factors that predict eating disorder symptoms, but rather plays a mediating role within the model. It implies a complex relationship among biopsychosocial factors, orthorexia, and eating disorder symptoms, involving both direct and indirect pathways. In the accepted biopsychosocial model, wherein orthorexia acts as a mediator, all tested factors explained 35% of the variance in healthy orthorexia and 53% of the variance in orthorexia nervosa. The entire biopsychosocial model of orthorexia, including all factors and orthorexia, accounted for 75% of the variance in preoccupation with thinness, 61% in preoccupation with food, 17% in bulimic behavior, and 56% in avoidance of specific foods. The model also revealed that certain biological, psychological, social, and behavioral factors significantly predicted orthorexia and eating disorder symptoms. These factors had direct effects and indirect effects on eating disorder symptoms through both healthy and pathological orthorexia. Additionally, it was found that healthy orthorexia predicted less pronounced eating disorder symptoms, while pathological orthorexia predicted more severe symptoms. Specifically, older age, a greater tendency to wash and mentally neutralize, a lesser tendency to hoard, higher levels of rigid perfectionism, a greater inclination to eat due to positive mood, internalization of muscularity, spending more time following healthy eating- related content on social networks, following a larger number of people on these platforms, and current and previous restrictive dieting were significant predictors of healthy orthorexia. On the other hand, a greater tendency to wash and have obsessions, a higher inclination to eat due to loneliness, perceiving current appearance as fatter and ideal appearance as thinner, internalization of thinness and muscularity, pressure from family and the media, spending more time following healthy eating-related content on social networks, and current and previous restrictive dieting were significant predictors of pathological orthorexia, orthorexia nervosa. Additionally, higher body mass index, a greater tendency to have obsessions, more pronounced rigid perfectionism, perceiving current appearance as fatter and ideal appearance as thinner, greater internalization of thinness, higher pressure from peers and the media, and current and previous restrictive dieting predicted a more pronounced preoccupation with thinness, a symptom of eating disorders. Older age, a lesser tendency to wash, a greater tendency to have obsessions, higher pressure from family, and current restrictive dieting predicted a greater preoccupation with food. Furthermore, greater self-critical perfectionism and an ideal appearance perceived as thinner predicted bulimic behavior, while current restrictive dieting predicted avoidance of specific foods. Furthermore, healthy orthorexia was found to significantly predict less preoccupation with thinness and food, less pronounced bulimic behavior, and more frequent avoidance of specific foods. Orthorexia nervosa, in contrast, predicted more severe symptoms across all eating disorder symptomps. The study also considered the indirect paths of biopsychosocial factors to eating disorder symptoms through healthy orthorexia and orthorexia nervosa. The findings revealed that older age, a greater tendency to wash, lesser self-critical perfectionism, a lesser inclination to eat due to positive mood, internalization of muscularity, spending more time following healthy eating-related content on social networks, following a larger number of people on these platforms, and current dieting predicted more pronounced signs of healthy orthorexia. In turn, healthy orthorexia predicted less severe symptoms of eating disorders and more frequent avoidance of specific foods. Conversely, a greater tendency to wash, more pronounced obsessions, a higher inclination to eat due to loneliness, perceiving current appearance as fatter and ideal appearance as thinner, greater internalization of thinness and muscularity, higher pressure from the media, spending more time following healthy eatingrelated content on social networks, and current dieting predicted more severe eating disorder symptoms through orthorexia nervosa. In conclusion, this research provided a comprehensive understanding of various biological, psychological, social, and behavioral factors as risk and protective factors in the development of orthorexia and eating disorder symptoms. It also shed light on the role of orthorexia as a risk factor for eating disorder symptoms in women aged 18 to 21. The study examined and compared three commonly used measures of orthorexia, identifying the most appropriate measure for assessing orthorexia and distinguishing it conceptually from eating disorders and obsessive-compulsive behavior. The findings highlighted the significance of healthy orthorexia as a non-pathological concern for one's health and nutrition, serving as a protective factor against eating disorder symptoms. Conversely, orthorexia nervosa, characterized by a pathological obsession with healthy food, was identified as a risk factor for eating disorder symptoms. These insights can assist in recognizing the symptoms of orthorexia and developing appropriate interventions and treatment plans for individuals with orthorexia. The study also provided clear guidelines for future research in this area.


Developing concurrent software is challenging, especially if it has to run on modern architectures with Weak Memory Models (WMMs) such as ARMv8, Power, or RISC-V. For the sake of performance, WMMs allow hardware and compilers to aggressively reorder memory accesses. To guarantee correctness, developers have to carefully place memory barriers in the code to enforce ordering among critical memory operations. While WMM architectures are growing in popularity, identifying the necessary and sufficient barriers of complex synchronization primitives is notoriously difficult. Unfortunately, publications often consider barriers to be just implementation details and omit them. In this technical note, we report our efforts in verifying the correctness of the Compact NUMA-Aware (CNA) lock algorithm on WMMs. The CNA lock is of special interest because it has been proposed as a new slowpath for Linux qspinlock, the main spinlock in Linux. Besides determining a correct and efficient set of barriers for the original CNA algorithm on WMMs, we investigate the correctness of Linux qspinlock and the latest Linux CNA patch (v15) on the memory models LKMM, ARMv8, and Power. Surprisingly, we have found that Linux qspinlock and, consequently, Linux CNA are incorrect according to LKMM, but are still correct when compiled to ARMv8 or Power.


The main objective of this paper is to present a national level attempt at designing the Pan-European Ecological Network (PEEN) that is based on Estonian data from a one square kilometre grid. We propose an ecological network design comprising of three principal layers: (1) general topographical features like coastlines, the water network, major roads, and place names for locating the depicted network, (2) habitatbased field of suitability for the ecological network, calculated from network values of landscape features using a predefined algorithm, (3) ecological network as an administrative decision. The second layer serves as a tool supporting decision making while the third layer consists of traditional components of an ecological network, like core areas, corridors, buffer zones, and nature development/restoration areas. The CORINE land cover map, which was adjusted and supplemented using the soil and landscape data, served as the base for PEEN habitat classification. All habitats, linear structures and designated areas were ranked according to their expert -assessed values (from 0 to 10) based on their naturalness, rarity, and potential influence on biodiversity and landscapes. These values served as a basis for calculating the suitability (ranging from –3.65 to +3.75 in our study area) of each square kilometre for the ecological network. Ranking the suitability allows one to distinguish between the core areas, buffer zones and nature development areas. Suitability values were calculated including the influence of designated areas and without it. The natural suitability was calculated without the designated areas. The most common suitability for the ecological network in Estonia was found to be between 1.0 and 1.5. As a rule, the ecological network suitability of protected areas is higher than that of non-protected areas. The mean natural suitability value of square kilometres which contain more than 80% protected territory is 1.34, and the mean natural suitability of those square kilometres which do not include protected areas, is 0.819. The relative amount of protected areas per square kilometre decreases if the natural suitability for the ecological network decreases. Nearly a half (47.4%) of ecologically highly valuable areas in Estonia are under nature protection. On the other hand, it means that more than a half are not protected. We found a great similarity between the suitability map for the ecological network (both with and without including the designated areas) and the expert-made map of the ecological (green) network presented in the work on "Vision for Estonia 2010". In: Jongman, R.H.G. & Pungetti, G. (Eds.) New Paradigms in Landscape Planning: Ecological Networks and Greenways . Cambridge University Press, pp. 151-170.


A connected 2-dominating set of a graph G is a set S of vertices of G such that every vertex not in S is dominated at least twice and the subgraph induced by S is connected. In this paper, we characterized the connected 2-dominating sets of the join K1 + G and the corona of graphs and, obtain their connected 2-domination numbers. Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C69


The utility model provides a can realize the wide -angle lens of miniaturization, low costization, good optical property and possess the camera device of this wide -angle lens. Wide -angle lens accessory things side comprises front lens group (GF) and rear lens group (GR) in proper order. Front lens group (GF) accessory things side comprises two concavees lens and convex lens in proper order, and whole lens are by the same NULL. Rear lens group (GR) is concavees lens including more than one convex lens and more than one concavees lens, the lens that incline by the picture. When the refracting index to the d line of the constitution material of the lens with front lens group (GF) is established to NF, NF meet a condition formula (1): 1.48 < NF < 1.6.