The usual situation that arises when a gravity survey is carried out is that the stations are located otherwise than on a regular grid, and, furthermore, the stations are at different heights. This areal spread and range of heights can be indicated by designating the gravity at the ith station as gi(x,y,z). The above set of measurements constitutes the entire raw data from which all the elements of the interpretation must be derived. To be more specific, it is usual to present the gravity information in the form of a contoured Bouguer gravity map, which is equivalent to interpolating gravity waves on a regular grid on a horizontal plane. To obtain the data in such a regular form is the nub of the problem, because the continuous values of a contoured gravity map can be obtained by convolution of the regular values with a two-dimensional gate function II (x,x/a,y/b), where a is the interpolated station spacing in the x direction, and b for the y direction, respectively.


Lieutenant Alston, nicknamed Chimkango (big lion), was only twenty four years old when he was put in command at Fort Mangoche during 1896. He was much involved in the re-building of the fort. In July 1896 men were working levelling the ground inside the fort "a very tedious job, as the earth has to be brought some little distance, having exhausted all the earth that came from the ditch, and has to be brought in boxes and in the first place has to be hoed up." Next they began to build "the first permanent house i.e. the Guard House...It will be a fine house with three rooms, raised 2 ft above the already levelled ground. The walls of the rooms are 1 Oft. high, and the centre poles 15 ft. above the floor. A verandah 8 ft. wide, posts of ditto 7 ft. above raised floor. The slopes being sufficient with plenty of thatching and a little corrugated iron." (July 14th) On August 21st (six days before Alston's 25th birthday) he began work on the flagstaff, obviously a priority with him, as it was erected before his own house was complete. Friday, August 21 Very misty again this morning, after a very blowy night, and very cold. Work was left off at 11 so as to enable us to go up to the top of Mangoche where there are a few huge enormous trees, and I want to get one down here for a flagstaff. The rocks are like sides of houses and there is no path, but I am sure we shall be able to get one or two good trees down.. .After a great deal of scrambling up the rocks we found a couple of very fine straight trees, which we cut down, but though we had 59 men, and were 3 hours at it we could only move it about 100 yards, and it has to come quite 3Vi miles!! Saturday, August 22 I forgot to say that the cutting and moving of the tree yesterday was attended by 3 accidents. 1st one man was not quick enough in getting out of the way when it fell, and was caught by one of its branches on the back and rather hurt. Another man had his hand crushed by


The Static Methanol Oxygen Rocket Engine (SMORE) has undergone several revisions since its inception. This latest revision aimed to increase startup reliability and user safety in the operation of the rocket. The implementation of maintenance procedures, safeguards in the ignition system, as well as construction of a new control box and redesign of the igniter itself have accomplished these goals while keeping costs down and without modifying the current rocket setup. Startup reliability has increased drastically, so long as all other rocket setup procedures are followed properly. 250 subsequent firings of the rocket have proven an igniter reliability of more than 90%. All parts replaced and manufactured in this report have been well documented to ensure ease of maintenance in the future.


The aim of this article is to introduce and study a new extension of Lomax distribution with a four-parameter named as the Marshall–Olkin alpha power Lomax (MOAPL) distribution. Some statistical properties of this distribution are discussed as quantile, median, linear representation, non-central moments, and moment generating function. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), maximum product spacing (MPS), and Least Square (LS) method for the MOAPL distribution parameters are discussed. The problem of this article is to describe real-life phenomena by using statistical distributions. For this reason, the theory of statistical distribution and generating new distributions are of great interest. Many authors studied and generated new distributions from old ones. A numerical study using real data analysis and Monte-Carlo simulation is performed to compare different methods of estimation. The superiority of the new model over some well-known distributions is illustrated by physics and economics real data sets. The MOAPL model can produce better fits than some well-known distributions as Marshall–Olkin Lomax, alpha power Lomax, Lomax distribution, Marshall–Olkin alpha power exponential, Kumaraswamy-generalized Lomax, exponentiated Lomax, and power Lomax.


Aiming at the demand of remote power distribution for more than one radars,a solution based on TCP/IP protocol and WinSock technology was designed.In this paper,the system functions and data exchange strategies are intuoduced,and then the hardware structure which uses EIO control module as a core is put forward.The data exchange and monitoring softwares faced the connection services of client and server are farther discussed.This system has been used on more than one radars and met the remote power distribution demand.Therefore,it can be widely used and generalized.


The invention discloses a conversation answering method of a mobile communication device and a device applying the conversation answering method. The conversation answering method of the mobile communication device comprises the following steps: firstly, receiving the incoming call advice of a conversation; successively, detecting whether the environmental light intensity of the mobile communication device is larger than a critical value; continuously detecting the change on the environmental light intensity of the mobile communication device if the environmental light intensity of the mobile communication device is larger than the critical value and automatically switching on the conversation when the environmental light intensity of the mobile communication device is less than a standard value through being transformed; and continuously detecting the placing state of the mobile communication device if the environmental light intensity of the mobile communication device is not larger than a critical value and automatically switching on the conversation when the environmental light intensity of the mobile communication device is transformed into the approximately vertical state.


Viscosity and curing characteristics of polyurethane modified unsaturated polyester( PU-UPES) /color paste mixtures were systematically studied. The results showed that the viscosity of PU-UPES / color paste mixtures tends to increase with the content of the color paste,but the experimental data of viscosity are lower than the theoretical additive data. With the increasing of the color paste content,all of the gelation time,the apparent initial curing temperature and the apparent peak curing temperature increase accordingly,while the apparent final curing temperature and the enthalpy decrease. With the increasing of the heating rate,the curing characteristic temperatures of composite systems shift toward higher temperature values when the composite under the same content of color paste,but the curing enthalpy values are almost constant. Meanwhile,based on the the apparent peak curing temperature at different heating rates,the apparent activation energy and the preexponential factor of PU-UPES / color paste mixture curing reaction can be calculated through the Kissinger equation. The initial curing temperature,the peak curing temperature and the final curing temperature are calculated by the extrapolation method in order to optimize the curing process. Based on the optimum curing process,the adhesion grades of PU-UPES / color paste coatings are above the first level.


Background: Among the different operations for septoplasty, the extracorporeal septoplasty technique basically consists in the removal of all the nasal septum, the correction of bone and cartilage deformities, and their replacement with a particular suture technique to correct the markedly deviated nasal septum especially in the internal nasal valve area. The drawbacks of this surgery technique are as follows: swelling of the mucosa in the valve area and restenosis, the development of saddle nose and septal hematoma. The aim of this study is to describe our results with a modified suture technique of the extracorporeal septoplasty (ECS), taking into account the operative time and functional results.


Context. The numerical simulation of turbulence and flows in almost ideal, large-Reynolds-number astrophysical plasmas motivates the implementation of almost conservative MHD computer codes. They should efficiently calculate, use highly parallelized schemes scaling well with large numbers of CPU cores, allows to obtain a high grid resolution over large simulation domains and which can easily be adapted to new computer architectures as well as to new initial and boundary conditions, allow modular extensions. Aims. Implementation, optimization and validation of a fast, well parallelized, and easily extensible, almost conservative MHD simulation code for the numerical investigation of the dynamics of large-Reynolds-number astrophysical plasmas in three dimensions (3D). Methods. The new GOEMHD3 code discretizes the ideal MHD equations using a fast and efficient dissipationless Leap-Frog scheme which is second-order accurate in space and time and whose initial and boundary conditions can, therefore, easily be modified. GOEMHD3 is parallelized based on the hybrid MPI-OpenMP programming paradigm, adopting a standard, two-dimensional Results. The ideal part of the equation solver is validated by performing numerical tests of the evolution of the well understood Kelvin-Helmholtz instability and of Orszag-Tang vortices. Further it is shown that the computational performance of the code scales very efficiently with the number of processors up to tens of thousands of CPU cores. This excellent scalability of the code was obtained by simulating the 3D evolution of the solar corona above an active region (NOAA AR1249) for which GOEMHD3 revealed the energy distribution in the solar atmosphere in response to the energy influx from the chromosphere through the transition region, taking into account the weak Joule current dissipation and viscosity in the almost dissipationless solar corona. Conclusions. The new massively parallel simulation code GOEMHD3 enables efficient and fast simulations of almost ideal, largeReynolds-number astrophysical plasma flows, well resolved and on huge grids covering large domains. Its abilities are validated by major tests of ideal and weakly dissipative plasma phenomena. The high resolution (20483 grid points) simulation of a large part of the solar corona above an observed active region proved the excellent parallel scalability of the code using more than 30.000 processor cores.


Abstract : A generalized model of a compound helicopter was tested in a 18-foot wind tunnel to determine the nature of aerodynamic interferences between the rotor, the fuselage, and various wings, as well as the effects of these components on the downwash at the tail. In addition, a theoretical method for calculating the wing induced flow through the rotor is presented, and the theoretical results are correlated with the experimental results. In a second test the mutual interferences between a rotor and various propeller configurations were investigated. It was concluded from this work that the vibratory bending moments on wing-mounted tractor propellers are a direct function of the sum of the rotor momentum downwash angle and the geometric angle of attack while the vibratory bending moments on a tail-mounted pushed propeller have a relationship to the rotor lift which depends on the presence or absence of empennage forward of the propeller. It was also found that increasing thrust on wing-mounted tractor propellers generally causes increased rotor blade vibratory bending moments.


Both unpoled and poled BaTiO{sub 3} were studied by laboratory and synchrotron x-ray sources. The shorter-wavelength synchrotron radiation was used to probe deeper below the surface. Diffraction patterns revealed a distinctive surface layer of the same tetragonal structure as the main BaTiO{sub 3} fraction. A sin{sup 2}{Psi} analysis of peak shift confirmed that no measurable change of elastic strain occurs upon poling, indicating that poling may induce excessive strain that was relieved by microcracking or that a majority of domains reverse orientation. However, domain switching and possible microcracking may induced inhomogeneous strain (microstrain) and alter domain-size distribution. Line-broadening analysis showed large anisotropy of both coherently diffracting domain size and microstrain. The poled specimen shows a larger microstrain and smaller average domain size, which indicates possible effects of microcracking and additional defects created during poling.


Introduction was made to characteristics and working principle of the new type chip TNY277P,whose concrete application in multiplex output switched-mode power supply(SMPS) was discussed. At the same time description was made on how to select and design other components in the SMPS. Performance evaluation shows that this SMPS can output more reliable voltage with smaller ripples.


Methyl tetramate derivative 6 has been developed as a new building block for the flexible and racemization-free synthesis of methyl 5-benzyl-3-methyltetramate via alkylation, and used in the first asymmetric synthesis of palau'imide (1). This allowed the establishment of the hitherto unknown stereochemistry at the C-20 of palau'imide as S.


Actinic keratoses (AK) are lesions that develop on skin that has been chronically exposed to the light. Those at greatest risk are the light-skinned with fair hair and blue eyes who burn easily in the sun, especially if they are outdoor workers or regular users of sun beds. They are also more common in those on long-term immunosuppression, recipients of organ transplants or after exposure to arsenic. They are common in people aged over 60 years, in whom about one-fifth were found to have at least one AK, and are more often found in men (de Berker et al, 2007). AK present as single or multiple small 'rough' spots that may be easier to feel than to see. In time, they increase in size to 3–10 cm, becoming red and scaly, and adjacent lesions may spread and become confluent with others over a wider area. Some may produce so much keratin that a cutaneous horn may project from the skin. The areas most likely to be affected are the face, ears, bald heads of men, backs of the arms and hands and the legs of those who often wear skirts or short trousers (Roewert


In this paper, the significance and feasibility of constructing the Environmental Science Document Open Platform of South China (ESDOP) are analyzed. Some ideas of working on the ESDOP are given, particularly on the framework of data platform, contents of document database, and technical diagram, etc.. Finally, some expected functions of ESDOP are discussed.


In order to evaluate the pathogenicity discrepancy between the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV) strain SY0608(the latest isolated strain) and the traditional strain S1,30-day-old post-weaning piglets were divided into two groups randomly and infected with the above two viral strains,respectively(5 infected with S1 strain and 4 infected with SY strain).Some examinations on the clinical signs,pathology,etiology and serology were performed in two weeks after infection.The results showed that the virulent strain SY0608 could cause severe clinical signs and rapidly increased rectal temperature,even up to 41.8 ℃.The virulent exposure group showed a dramatic decrease in the number of white blood cells and severe pathological consequences.Compared with S1 group,a significantly high level of viremia had a long duration in SY0608 group and the viral load was maintained extensively in tissues.In addition,SY0608 group produced a higher level of ELISA antibody titres than S1 group.It suggested that the PRRSV strain SY0608 had a markedly stronger pathogenicity than strain S1.


Introduction, Moshe Maor the development of the Israeli government offices, Aharon Kfir administrative power in Israel, Eva Etzioni-Halevy the functioning of whatever is the Israeli state, Ira Sharkansky controlling government - budgeting, evaluation and auditing in Israel, Robert Schwartz judicial accountability in Israel -the high court of justice and the phenomenon of judicial hyperactivism, Yoav Dotan choosing a regulatory regime - the experience of the Israeli electricity market, Moshe Maor the role of state and public audit in safeguarding ethics in the public service -whose ethics? what ethics?, Asher Friedberg.


An n -doped ActivInk™ N2200 [P(NDI2OD-T2)] thin-film transistor having a dual split gate architecture has been fabricated on a doped silicon/silicon dioxide (Si/SiO 2 ) substrate. This device demonstrates A.N.D. logic functionality which was controlled by applying either 0 or 50V to each of the gate electrodes. When 50V was simultaneously applied to both gates, the device was conductive (ON state) while any other combination of gate voltage rendered it resistive (OFF state). We tested the device in the presence of ultra-violet (UV) light and measured a higher mobility compared to the absence of UV. A possible explanation is that electron trapping adsorbate groups on the P(NDI2OD-T2) surface (possibly O 2 - or H 2 O - ) inhibit charge transport. Upon UV exposure, an electron-hole pair is generated that liberates the adsorbates via hole recombination (h + + O 2 - → O 2(gas) ) releasing electrons that contribute to charge transport. The n -type carrier charge mobility was 2 x 10 -6 cm 2 V -1 s -1 upon UV exposure, meanwhile without UV exposure it was 3.3 x 10 -7 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . The low mobility of these devices was due to the rough surface of the substrate. An advantage of this architecture is the possibility of having multiple inputs with a single P(NDI2OD-T2) channel and also its ability to sense UV radiation.


To make the nursing students adapt to the request of the whole nursing model under the new situation, reduce because of the protection of the factors of risk of conflict, it is necessary to cultivate humanistic care ability of nursing students. Ability of nursing students humanistic care to improve related to accept the education is closely related to the article to help improve humanistic care ability of nursing students summarize and explore the education content, provide effective reference for nursing humanities education.


The chemical industry, like other sectors of U.S. industry, is adopting "quality management principles" as its new religion. The doctrine is based on a drive toward continuous improvement in efficiency, productivity, and performance. A key emphasis is on the supplier/customer relationship, with its goal being customer satisfaction and increased market share. And, whereas few can argue against desiring quality overall in a company's operations, industry managers are being challenged in applying these principles to R&D. This was the focus of the American Chemical Society Corporation Associates' recent annual symposium, "Quality in R&D and the Innovation Process," held in New York City. The nearly 40-year-old Corporation Associates, consisting of management representatives from the chemical and related industries, functions as an ACS support and advisory group. Keynote speaker H. William Lichtenberger, president and chief operting officer of Union Carbide, set the tone by stressing his belief in quality as a...


Some years ago, Cook, Alexander and other workers studied the clinical aspects of allergy to bacteria. At the same time, in the laboratory. Rich and his co-workers found that white blood cells subjected to solutions of tuberculin were not damaged, if the blood had come from healthy unsensitized animals, but were killed if the animal had been sensitized to tuberculin. In 1946, Dr. Frank Nantz and I were greatly impressed by this demonstration of the necrotizing effect on leucocytes sensitized to bacteria. We set out, therefore, to see if these observations could be used to develop a test for the diagnosis of allergy to the specific strains of bacteria to which our patients had become sensitized. Fortunately, we had beginners luck. Our results correlated with the clinical possibilities. The patient's symptoms yielded to desensitization with dilutes of the same specific filtrates which in the test had killed the patient's white blood cells.


Indigenous people are over-represented amongst financially excluded Australians, and those with lower financial capability. Research consistently finds gaps in Indigenous financial outcomes vis-a-vis national averages, including economic participation, income and assets. Cultural norms, particularly obligations to kin, are identified as barriers to greater Indigenous inclusion. Studies call for 'culturally-appropriate' financial policies including capability-building programs, yet Indigenous world-views on money and money management remain under-researched, restricting the ability to inform evidence-based design. Research also neglects Indigenous people living in regional and urban areas. A sociological study based on an Indigenous research paradigm, exploring money and money use in remote, regional and urban Indigenous communities, finds a culturally distinctive understanding amongst participants, which influences their world-views on financial capability and well-being. The study recommends strengths-based approaches to designing Indigenouscentred solutions which promote financial inclusion and enhance financial capability. This paper focuses on building the capability of Indigenous small business-owners.


Introduction: archaeologies of literature 1. Authors, forms, and the creation of a literary culture 2. Image, metaphor, concept: the semantics of poetic language 3. Speech acts, social personas, and poetic veridiction 4. Genre hybridity and the literary artefact Epilogue: poetry and immortality.


Risk Factors Associated with the Contraction of Ebola Virus Disease in Liberia by Beyan Y. Sana MPH, Walden University, 2016 BS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 2008 BS, University of Liberia, 2001 Doctoral Study Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Public Health Walden University May 2019 Abstract Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a highly transmittable disease with high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors associated with the contraction of EVD in Liberia. A retrospective cross-sectional design was used to analyze secondary data collected on 1,658 patients admitted to Ebola treatment units in Liberia, using the social ecological model as a theoretical framework. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square testEbola virus disease (EVD) is a highly transmittable disease with high mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to examine risk factors associated with the contraction of EVD in Liberia. A retrospective cross-sectional design was used to analyze secondary data collected on 1,658 patients admitted to Ebola treatment units in Liberia, using the social ecological model as a theoretical framework. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test for association and logistic regression were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study revealed that funeral attendance, exposure to body fluids, and contact with a living sick person were associated with the contraction of EVD (p < 0.05). The likelihood of contracting EVD is 14.32 times greater among patients exposed to body fluids. The likelihood of contracting EVD is 15.34 times greater among patients exposed to a living sick person. The results failed to identify other factors such as gender, age, and community of residence as factors associated with the contraction of EVD. The findings of this study may foster social change through comprehensive EVD prevention and control programs by focusing on improving the quality of life of underprivileged communities, investing in social, educational, and community-based development programs such as roads, schools, sanitation, and health care facilities. Educational and community-based initiatives can encourage health and wellness by educating communities about the dangers EVD poses to their lives and well-being. Risk Factors Associated with the Contraction of Ebola Virus Disease in Liberia by Beyan Y. Sana MPH, Walden University, 2016 BS, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 2008 BS, University of Liberia, 2001 Doctoral Study Proposal Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Public Health Walden University May 2019 Dedication This capstone study is dedicated to my loving children (Joshua, Beyanna, and LeYan Sana); my wife, Roseline; my loving mother, Mrs. Desiree K. Zain; my father, Mr. John S. Sana; my uncle, Mr. G.S. Keamu; my family in Liberia; people that were affected by Ebola virus disease, both survival and deceased; and my entire family and friends around the world. Acknowledgments I would like to express my sincere thanks and appreciation to my Lord and Savior Jesus Christ for granting the strength to accomplish my dream. I want to acknowledge the chair of my committee, Dr. Srikanta Banerjee, my committee member, Dr. Jirina Renger, and my URR, Dr. German Gonzalez for providing their invaluable support during the entire capstone process. Without their valuable contribution, it would have been impossible to complete this capstone research study. Many thanks for all the countless hours spent emailing and calling Dr. Banerjee and Dr. Renger concerning my study. I would also like to thank Dr. Mosoka Fallah, Deputy Director of the National Public Health Institute of Liberia for allowing me to use the Ebola virus disease dataset. I say a big thank you to my employer for providing me with financial support through the Johns Hopkins tuition assistance programs. Finally, I want to acknowledge my beautiful children (Joshua, Beyanna, and LeYan Sana) and wife (Roseline) for their support during this journey.


Specimens of diseased human ventricle and of infarcted cardiac tissue obtained from animal models contain admixtures of both well‐polarized and partially depolarized cells which may contribute to the development of cardiac arrhythmias. Recently, it has been suggested that the partially depolarized potentials result from low potassium permeability (PK) since some of the partially depolarized cells can be hyperpolarized by measures which increase Pk including increased external potassium (K+o) and rapid pacing (McCullough et al.: Circulation 66:II–198, 1982; Circulation 70:II–889, 1984). In the present study, we examined the electrophysiological actions of BRL 34915 (Cromakalim), a vasorelaxant agent reported to increase Pk of vascular smooth muscle cells, on the resting potential (RP) and the background K current (IK1) of isolated guinea pig ventricular myocytes by using whole‐cell voltage‐clamping techniques. BRL 34915 (5 μM) significantly hyperpolarized RP at all K+o tested, the extent of hyperpolarization decreasing with increasing K+o. The slope of the relationship between RP and K+o increased in the presence of BRL 34915 from −41.4 to −54.8 mV. BRL 34915 inhibited IK1 by decreasing the inward current at potentials negative to RP and the outward current between RP and ∼−20 mV. Outward current positive to −20 mV was unaffected. Higher concentrations (50–100 μM) of BRL 34915 increased this current. These results suggest that the hyperpolarization induced by low concentrations of BRL 34915 resulted from an increase in selectively of the membrane for potassium. Higher concentrations may increase an outward potassium current. Potential therapeutic applications of cardiac selective potassium channel activators are discussed.


Ocular drug delivery has always been a challenge due to the eye's unique physiology and anatomy. Barriers to drug delivery include static barriers such as corneal layers and dynamic barriers such as tear flow. Some of these effects are modeled and explained in this project. Here, the focus was to simulate the transport of a hydrophilic dye (drug analog), fluorescein after topical application on the ocular surface, in a novel multi-drop approach to estimate epithelial permeability (PE). PE is a clinically relevant maker to assess the health of the Cornea, especially its outermost layer epithelium. In the multi-drop method, first, one drop of 0.35% fluorescein was added on the ocular surface and the fluorescein clearance dynamics parameters were determined using a custom-built spot fluorometer of high depth resolution (~280 um) and high sensitivity. Next, two drops of 2% fluorescein were instilled 15 min apart, and fluorescence in the stroma was measured 15 min later. The penetration or transport of Fluorescein was simulated on COMSOL Multiphysics® software using the Transport of Diluted Species and the Mathematics modules in a one-dimensional model since the variation of concentration of fluorescein is only across the depth of cornea(in one direction). Fluorescein partitions into the epithelium from the tear film, where its concentration falls due to the presence of lipophilic membrane of the epithelium. Subsequently, Fluorescein is found to accumulate and diffuse in the epithelium, where the transport was modeled to be pseudo-steady state diffusion because of the presence of cytoplasm inside the cells. Fluorescein then partitions at the epithelial-stromal boundary into the stroma. Subsequently, fluorescein accumulates and diffuses in the stroma transiently (unsteady state). In summary, the transport of fluorescein was modeled after topical applications, and the concentration profiles obtained confer well with the previously established scientific findings. The simulation results facilitate the understanding of transport mechanisms and barriers for drug transport through the cornea and hence, may facilitate rational drug delivery strategies. Figures used in the abstract Figure 1: Spatial profile of Fluorescein concentration across Cornea after two loading drops


The scientific discipline of microscopy aims to make possible the visualization of objects that cannot be observed by the unassisted human vision system, allowing researchers to enhance their understanding on the morphology and processes which characterize such objects. All microscopy techniques by themselves represent crucial tools for scientists working in various fields of research, and furthermore, when combined with image processing and computer vision algorithms the level of information and the speed at which it can be extracted from microscopy images can be greatly increased.


The invention relates to a chicken bone plain soup and a preparing method thereof. The preparing method comprises the steps of: extracting, stilling, low-temperature vacuum concentrating, emulsifying and homogenizing, sterilizing and the like. In the preparing method, a gradual heating extracting technique is used in the key extracting procedure, substances, such as ossein, chondroitin, hydroxyproline and the like, in chicken bones can be maximally extracted; and an advanced low-temperature vacuum concentrating technique is used in the concentrating procedure, and the nutrient substances in the bone soup can be better protected from not being destructed. The chicken bone plain soup provided by the invention has the characteristics of bountiful nutrition and genuine mouthfeel and is specifically suitable for the fields of fast food or instant food.


As the two Working Parties at the 10th SCAR Meeting at Tokyo, in June 1968, were concerned with the earth sciences, the Secretariat set aside some time as a part of the SCAR week to enable illustrated addresses to be given on the solid geology of Antarctica and the use of geophysics in Antarctica. The Chairman of the Working Party on Geology (Dr R. W. Willett) was in the chair and opened the meeting with a general explanation of the geological problem facing geologists in Antarctica. It was one essentially of working in limited areas of exposed rock and interpreting from those areas the structure and geology of the remaining 95 per cent that is blanketed by ice.


The obligation imposed on the granting authority to define its needs prior to the award of the contract shall not preclude it from anticipating, to the extent possible, those that may arise…


A 23-year-old gentleman with no significant past medical history initially presented to the emergency department (ED) of another hospital with left upper back pain. Prior to the visit, he had been vomiting after an alcohol binge, but denies any preceding trauma. The X-ray of his thoracolumbar spine did not show any fractures and he was subsequently discharged with analgesia for presumptive musculoskeletal strain. He presented 2 days later with shortness of breath, palpitations and diaphoresis. His vital signs on admission showed tachycardia (heart rate of 160 beats per minute) and tachypnea (respiratory rate of 40 breaths per minute) with borderline saturations of 92% on room air. Clinical examination revealed tracheal deviation to the right and reduced air entry over the left chest. The abdomen was soft and non-tender. Chest X-ray performed revealed a large left-sided pneumothorax with herniation of the bowel into the left hemithorax and rightward mediastinal shift (Fig. 1). A needle thoracotomy was attempted in ED with aspiration of brownish fluid. Given his clinical presentation and X-ray findings, a diagnosis of spontaneous diaphragmatic rupture was made and he was counselled for immediate surgery. He underwent exploratory laparotomy, reduction of left diaphragmatic hernia, greater curve wedge gastrectomy, abdominal and thoracic lavage and temporary abdominal closure in the emergency operating theatre. Intraoperatively he was noted to have a large left posterior diaphragmatic hernia defect measuring 10 6 cm (Fig. 2a) with the greater curve of the stomach, spleen and long loop of transverse colon herniating into the left thoracic cavity. No hernia sac was found. On reduction of the contents of the diaphragmatic hernia, there was a large perforation in the middle aspect of the greater curve of the stomach (Fig. 2b). A wedge resection was performed with primary repair of the defect. As the patient required dual inotropic support throughout the surgery, a decision was made to exclude the diaphragmatic defect with 2 large penny towels and close the abdominal cavity temporarily before staged definitive repair. A large bore (24 French) chest tube was also inserted into the left thoracic cavity intraoperatively for drainage of any intra-thoracic collections. The patient was admitted to surgical intensive care unit for further resuscitation and stabilization, and underwent a relook laparotomy, washout, diaphragmatic repair, component separation, and primary abdominal closure 2 days later. A dacron graft polyester mesh (GORE-TEX) was used for repair of his left diaphragmatic defect (Fig. 3) as the surgical site was deemed to be clean with minimal risk of mesh contamination. Postoperatively, a multidisciplinary team was involved in his care which included the general surgeon, cardiothoracic surgeon, surgical intensivist and infectious disease physician. The patient was started on total parenteral nutrition which was gradually transitioned to oral feeding with return of gut function. He was covered with a course of culture-directed intravenous antibiotic therapy and discharged well 2 weeks after surgery. He remains clinically well at regular outpatient reviews, with interval scans done up to 3 months post-operatively showing satisfactory compartment separation and no evidence of graft infection. Diaphragmatic ruptures in adults are uncommon and usually caused by traumatic injuries. Less than 1% of patients with diaphragmatic rupture presents spontaneously with no preceding trauma. Spontaneous diaphragmatic rupture is a rare surgical emergency which can potentially be reversible if detected early. To date, there are isolated case reports of patients suffering spontaneous


Athree-dimensionalelectrochemicalmodelwasdevelopedtoexaminetheperformance(i.e.impedancedeterminedbyapulsechangeinpotential)ofalithium-ionintercalationpositiveelectrodesingleparticle.Acomprehensiveparameterstudywasconducted,basedona layered nickel oxide parameter set previously developed. The dominance of the interfacial impedance on the particle performanceaccentuates the impact of the secondary particle porosity and electrolyte wetting of the porosity. Electronic distribution effects,includingconductivityandparticlecontacts,alsobecomesignificantwhenthesecondaryparticle'seffectiveconductivityislessthanabout 10


We present a new approach to the analysis of quark-binding effects in inclusive decays of heavy mesons within the relativistic dispersion quark model. Various differential distributions, such as electron energy spectrum, q 2 and MX distributions, are calculated in terms of the B meson soft wave function which also determines long-distance effects in exclusive transition form factors. Using the quark-model parameters and the B meson wave function previously determined from the description of the exclusive b!u transitions within the same dispersion approach, we provide numerical results on various distributions in the inclusive B!Xcln l decays. PACS number~s!: 13.20.He, 12.39.Hg, 12.39.Ki


The invention relates to audio signal processing. More specifically, the invention relates to enhancing entertainment audio, such as television audio, to improve the clarity and intelligibility of speech, such as dialog and narrative audio. The invention relates to methods, apparatus for performing such methods, and to software stored on a computer-readable medium for causing a computer to perform such methods.


The poverty endured by the bottom half of humankind poses serious dangers to their health and survival. The poor bear a hugely disproportional burden of disease and a hugely disproportional share of premature deaths: 30 per cent of all deaths each year, 18 million, are from poverty-related causes. These much greater burdens of morbidity and premature mortality in turn entail large economic burdens that keep most of the poor trapped in lifelong poverty.


Last technological advances in wearable sensors and machine learning are allowing for a new generation of human monitoring techniques, especially devised for the analysis of biomechanics and activity patterns. In this paper, a novel technique to improve the identification of daily physical activity is presented. Taking into account the importance of data featuring and the selection of the most important features for the subsequent pattern recognition stage, a new feature selection methodology based on a filter technique via a couple of two statistical criteria is presented. Satisfactory accuracy rates are achieved by using support vector machines, particularly for preprocessed inertial data from the wrist.


The paper discusses design of low power AES encrypter implemented in FPGA device. Reduction of dissipated power was achieved using clock gating. Three designs were proposed, simulation of power consumption was conducted and then results were compared.


In this paper we propose and analyze a staggered discontinuous Galerkin method for a five-field formulation of the Biot system of poroelasticity on general polygonal meshes. Elasticity is equipped with stress-displacement-rotation formulation with weak stress symmetry for arbitrary polynomial orders, which extends the piecewise constant approximation developed in (L. Zhao and E.-J. Park, SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 42 (2020), A2158-A2181). The proposed method is locking free and can handle highly distorted grids possibly including hanging nodes, which is desirable for practical applications. We prove the convergence estimates for the semi-discrete scheme and fully discrete scheme for all the variables in their natural norms. In particular, the stability and convergence analysis do not need a uniformly positive storativity coefficient. Moreover, to reduce the size of the global system, we propose a five-field formulation based fixed stress splitting scheme, where the linear convergence of the scheme is proved. Several numerical experiments are carried out to confirm the optimal convergence rates and the locking-free property of the proposed method.


Personal information is collected by different smart services and integrated into one big data database, in contemplation of the smart visiting service management on an isolated island. Thereby, the information about a certain person's activities is possibly managed by one database, and smart services are conveniently provided for the users, at the same time protecting their personal information. In a case study on Huangguan Island, personal information was collected in an urban space by different smart service providers, for various business purposes. The personal information was collected on the isolated island not only via personal mobile devices, but also from smart facilities arranged by the building and transportation means. As opposed to the previous research reports on tourism information services for smart tourism using big data analysis and processing, we proposed a smart visiting service management system in order to integrate tourism services into an isolated island. After reviewing the proposed smart visiting service management system in the case study practice, the principles of personal information collection were defined in this work.


In this chapter, we show that, as the world becomes increasingly integrated, the benefits of global diversification still remain positive and economically significant over time. Both regression analysis and explanatory power tests show that international integration, measured by adjusted R2 from a multifactor model, has more profound impact on the diversification benefits than correlation. Our results support Roll (2013)'s argument that R2, but not correlation, is an appropriate measure of market integration. We examine the impact of market integration determinants such as default risk, inflation, TED spread, past local equity market return, liquidity, and the relative performance of domestic portfolio on the potential diversification benefits.


The subject of American exceptionalism, about which much has been written, is extremely complex. There is no simple way to describe all the ways in which America differs from the other nations of the world. The United States Constitution is a central part of the creed that defines, creates, and preserves American exceptionalism. The American vision of constitutionalism includes at least four distinctive elements:the belief in adherence to a founding document: a written Constitution;the belief in constitutionally limited government;the legal enforcement of these limits by an independent judiciary, and the invocation of these limits by the Congress, the Executive, state governments, and the People themselves; andthe anti‐democratic nature of the Constitution's republican form of government.Each of these elements has come under challenge by American constitutional law professors, at least some of whom prefer the European model of constitutionalism to the American one. To the extent that these elements are eroded, America becomes less exceptional, which is a welcomed development among some of those same legal academics.The separation of People and State is preserved by the Constitution because no one can claim to speak for the People: neither the President (unlike various dictatorships) nor the Congress (unlike the parliamentary systems that dominate throughout the rest of the world). This separation, like the separation of Church and State, provides the space for the rest of the American ideology of classical liberalism to survive. In contrast, the rest of the world's democratic regimes, whether or not they have written constitutions, are far more susceptible to capture by interests and also by the ideological fashions of the day. In the author's view, the separation of People and State has served America well.


The reaction-diffusion equation for the Brusselator model produces a
coupled map lattice (CML) by discretization. The two-dimensional
nonlinear local map of this lattice has rich and interesting
dynamics. In [7] we studied the dynamics of the local map,
focusing on trajectories escaping to infinity, and the Julia set.
In this paper we build a correspondence between CML and its local
map via traveling waves, and then using this correspondence we
study asymptotic properties of this CML. We show the existence
of a bounded region in which every trajectory in the Julia set is
eventually trapped. We also find a region where every bounded
trajectory visits. Finally, we present some strange attractors
that are numerically observed in the Julia set.


AbstractProgressive design-build (PDB) is being successfully executed in water and wastewater and airport construction projects. Building on the success in these sectors, highway agencies are judic...


In this chapter we introduce the basic concepts of directed manifolds and Kobayashi-hyperbolicity and we make the link between Kobayashihyperbolicity and Brody-hyperbolicity in the compact case. Next, following very closely [7], we explain the construction of jet differentials, invariant jet differentials and of Demailly-Semple projectivized jet bundles. This will be done quite accurately in the compact case and in a more sketchy way in the logarithmic setting. As this intends to be an introductory chapter, we shall skip all the proofs here, sending back the reader to several references cited along these lines. 1.1 Directed manifolds and hyperbolicity Let X be a complex manifold equipped with a holomorphic subbundle V ⊂ TX of the tangent bundle of rank 1 ≤ r = rankV ≤ n = dim X. We will call the pair (X, V ) a complex directed manifold. A morphism Φ: (X, V ) → (Y, W ) in this category is a holomorphic map such that its differential Φ∗ maps V to W , Φ∗(V ) ⊂ W . Of course, the case V = TX is included in the definition, and we shall refer to it as the "absolute" case. Now, we define the notion of hyperbolicity in this context. Definition 1.1.1. Let (X, V ) be a complex directed manifold. The KobayashiRoyden infinitesimal (pseudo)metric of (X, V ) is the Finsler metric on V defined for any x ∈ X and v ∈ Vx by k(X,V )(v) def = inf{λ > 0 | ∃f : ∆ → X, f(0) = x, λ f (0) = v, f (∆) ⊂ V }, where ∆ ⊂ C is the unit disc and f is holomorphic. 2 Kobayashi-hyperbolic manifolds and jet differentials Next, we fix an hermitian metric ω on V and we give the definition of "infinitesimally hyperbolic" for the directed manifold (X, V ). Definition 1.1.2. We say that (X, V ) is infinitesimally hyperbolic if k(X,V ) is positive definite on every fiber Vx and, moreover, satisfies a uniform lower bound k(X,V )(v) ≥ ε ||v||ω, when x varies in a compact subset of X. Of course, this definition does not depend on the choice of the hermitian metric ω. Moreover, it follows immediately that if Φ: (X, V ) → (Y, W ) is a morphism of directed manifold, then k(Y,W )(Φ∗v) ≤ k(X,V )(v), v ∈ V. Here is an easy example which shows that the existence of a holomorphic copy of C in a complex manifold implies the degeneracy of the infinitesimal Kobayashi-Royden pseudo-metric. Example 1.1.1. Let (X, V ) be a complex directed manifold. Suppose there exist a non-constant entire holomorphic map f : C → X tangent to V , that is f (t) ∈ Vf(t), for each t ∈ C. We claim that if f(0) = x and f (0) = v ∈ Vx \ {0}, then k(X,V )(v) = 0. To see this, define a sequence of holomorphic maps fn : ∆ → X by fn(z) = f(n z). Then, of course, fn is tangent to V , fn(0) = x and f ′ n(0) = nf (0) = nv. Thus, it is clear that, from 1/n f ′ n(0) = v, it follows k(X,V )(v) = 0 so that k(X,V ) is not positive definite on Vx. The latter example leads naturally to another notion of hyperbolicity for complex manifold, concerning the behavior of entire curves of the manifold. Namely, we say that a complex directed manifold (X, V ) is Brody-hyperbolic if there are no non-constant entire holomorphic curve f : C → X tangent to V . The next proposition, which is essentially due to Brody, shows that, in the compact case, these two notions are equivalent. Proposition 1.1.1. If X is compact, then (X, V ) is infinitesimally hyperbolic if and only if there are no non-constant entire holomorphic curves f : C → X tangent to V . In this case, k(X,V ) is a continuous (and positive definite) Finsler metric on V . A proof of this fact, which relies on a reparametrization lemma by Brody for sequences of holomorphic maps from the unit disc to X whose derivative in 0 blows-up, can be found, for example, in [7]. 1.2 Projectivization of directed manifolds 3 1.2 Projectivization of directed manifolds We now introduce a functorial construction in the category of directed manifold in order to produce the so-called space of 1-jets over X. So, let (X, V ) be a complex directed manifold and set X̃ = P (V ). Here, P (V ) is the projectivized bundle of lines of V and there is a natural projection π : X̃ → X; moreover, if dim X = n, then dim X̃ = n + r − 1. On X̃, we consider the tautological line bundle O e X(−1) ⊂ πV which is defined fiberwise as O e X(−1)(x,[v]) def = C v, for (x, [v]) ∈ X̃, with x ∈ X and v ∈ Vx \ {0}. We also have the following short exact sequence which comes from the very definition of X̃: 0 // T e X/X // T e X // π TX // 0. Of course, the surjection here is given by the differential π∗ and T e X/X = ker π∗ is the relative tangent bundle. Now, in the above exact sequence, we want to replace πTX by O e X(−1) ⊂ πV ⊂ πTX , in order to build a subbundle of T e X which takes into account just one "horizontal" direction and the "vertical" ones; namely we define Ṽ to be the inverse image π ∗ O e X(−1) so that we have a short exact sequence 0 // T e X/X // Ṽ // O e X(−1) // 0 and rank Ṽ = rankV = r. There is another short exact sequence attached to this projectivization, which is the relative version of the usual Euler exact sequence of projective spaces: 0 // O e X // πV ⊗ O e X(1) // T e X/X // 0. By definition, (X̃, Ṽ ) is a new complex directed manifold, which is compact as soon as X is compact and such that π : (X̃, Ṽ ) → (X, V ) is a morphism of complex directed manifolds. 1.2.1 Lifting of curves Let ∆R ⊂ C be the open disc {|z| < R} of radius R > 0 and center 0 ∈ C and f : ∆R → X a holomorphic map. Suppose moreover that f(0) = x for some x ∈ X and that f is a non-constant tangent trajectory of the directed manifold, that is f (t) ∈ Vf(t) for each t ∈ ∆R. 4 Kobayashi-hyperbolic manifolds and jet differentials In this case, there is a well-defined and unique tangent line [f (t)] ⊂ Vf(t) for every t ∈ ∆R even at the stationary points of f : if f (t0) = 0 for some t0 ∈ ∆R, write f (t) = (t − t0)u(t) with m ∈ N \ {0} and u(t0) 6= 0 and define the tangent line at t0 to be [u(t0)]. We define the lifting f̃ of f as the map f̃ : ∆R → X̃ which sends t 7→ f̃(t) = (f(t), [f (t)]). It is clearly holomorphic and the derivative f ′ gives rise to a section f ′ : T∆R → f̃ O e X(−1). Observe moreover that, as π ◦ f̃ = f , one has π∗f̃ (t) = f (t), so that f̃ (t) belongs to Ṽ(f(t),[f (t)]) = Ṽ e f(t). Thus, if f is a tangent trajectory of (X, V ) then f̃ is a tangent trajectory of (X̃, Ṽ ). On the other hand, if g : ∆R → X̃ is a tangent trajectory of (X̃, Ṽ ), then f def = π ◦ g is a tangent trajectory of (X, V ) and g coincides with f̃ unless g is contained in a vertical fiber P (Vx): in this case f is constant. 1.2.2 Jets of curves Let X be a complex n-dimensional manifold. Here, we follow [17] to define the bundle Jk → X of k-jets of germs of parametrized holomorphic curves in X. It is the set of equivalence classes of holomorphic maps f : (C, 0) → (X, x), with the equivalence relation f ∼ g if and only if all derivatives f (0) = g(0) coincide, for 0 ≤ j ≤ k, in some (and hence in all) holomorphic coordinates system of X near x. Here, the projection is simply f 7→ f(0). These are not vector bundles, unless k = 1: in this case J1 is simply the holomorphic tangent bundle TX . However, in general, the Jk's are holomorphic fiber bundles, with typical fiber (C) (in fact the elements of the fiber Jk,x are uniquely determined by the Taylor expansion up to order k of a germ of curve f , once a system of coordinate is fixed). Now, we translate this concepts to the setting of complex directed manifolds. Definition 1.2.1. Let (X, V ) be a complex directed manifold. We define the bundle JkV → X to be the set of k-jets of curves f : (C, 0) → X which are tangent to V , together with the projection map f 7→ f(0). 1.3 Projectivized jet bundles 5 To check that this is in fact a subbundle of Jk we shall describe a special choice of local coordinates: for any point x0 ∈ X, there are local coordinates (z1, . . . , zn) on a neighborhood Ω of x0 such that the fibers Vx, for x ∈ Ω, can be defined by linear equations


Solid wastes are produced in all phases of the fossil energy fuel cycle, from extraction to energy production. Additional wastes are often generated as a result of the environmental controls required to ensure that effluents meet regulations. As in many other industries, process development in this area is more advanced than the environmental control technology. This assessment has been undertaken to evaluate currently used solid waste management methods as they relate to fossil energy technologies such as coal combustion and the processes for converting coal, oil shale, tar sands, and peat to gaseous or liquid fuels. Petroleum and biomass are not included in the assessment. Each of the solid-waste streams encountered in fossil energy production terminate with either disposal or utilization. Utilization is attractive, since it promises resource conservation and minimizes disposal. However, markets must be established for the recovered materials, and recovery methods must be developed that will make recycled waste products economically competitive with alternative raw material sources. Disposal may be a more costly method of waste management over the long term, since it implies the removal of any recoverable materials from the marketplace and, for the present land disposal operations, requires the commitment of large land areas.more » For the large waste volumes resulting from coal, oil shale, tar sand, or peat processing, the disposal options other than land burial are limited. Thus, there are strong incentives for the utilization of fossil fuel solid wastes. This assessment includes (1) a discussion of the current and future options for both disposal and utilization of fossil energy wastes, (2) an analysis of the problems imposed by regulatory and economic constraints on both disposal and utilization, and (3) a review of current research and development activities in these areas. 106 references, 2 figures, 8 tables.« less


He rents the servant's room of a house in Meadowlands Zone two for three hundred rands a month. It allows him access to a tap outside and a toilet. He gets up at five-thirty every day. First he boils water for washing over a hot plate and then he takes out his work uniform which is already ironed.


The growth or shrinkage, normal to {001}, of the interfaces between the γ matrix and cuboidal γ′ precipitates is examined for a Ni-base superalloy, by considering the force acting on the interfaces. The force is produced by the precipitate coherency misfit and the stress produced by plastic deformation in channels of the γ matrix. A simple expression, which directly addresses the origin of the surface force, is given. The plastic deformation within the initially active γ matrix channels exerts the force to cause rafting. The subsequent activation of other types of channels also promotes the rafting in the same direction as the first active channels, when the plastic strain of the former channels increases. These issues are also discussed in terms of analysis based on those dislocations caused by the precipitate misfit and those produced by the plastic deformation.


The overall goal of the RE-Fertilize project was to demonstrate a new removal and recovery process for nitrogen, producing a nitrogen product suitable for fertilizers, for example. In the project, a demonstration plant for the process has been built, and the process has been demonstrated in operational environment with a removal rate of >95% of the ammonium nitrogen. The produced ammonium sulphate has been evaluated and its agronomic effect proven. A conceptual design has been conducted within the project, as well as establishing a business case, business model and business plan for commercialising the process and product.


The present invention discloses an electrical connector with the electronic assembly, the electronic assembly comprises a circuit board with the electrical connector. Circuit board having a front surface, with respect to the back, the front pin holes, and positioning opening accommodating opening. The electrical connector comprises a body and a plurality of pins. Body accommodated in the accommodating opening of the circuit board, and having a receptacle and a positioning block. Pins extending from the body, and are disposed through the pin holes are soldered to the circuit board. When the pins are disposed through the pin hole from the front, the positioning block is accommodated in an opening positioned such that the distance between the front of the circuit board jack for a predetermined distance, and when the pin passes from the back primers are provided in when the pin hole positioning block against the back, so that the distance between the front insertion hole of the circuit board is a preset distance. Another discloses an electronic component, circuit board using the yin and yang plate which enables single components of the assembly.


By incorporating senior management's scenarios—alternative stories about the competition, markets, capital investments, new technologies—into the planning process, executives can test and build a consensus on the implicit and explicit mental models of their business.


How to cite: Pangestuti, R., Wibowo, M., & Japar, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Group with Exercises Techniques to Improve Student's Self-Efficacy. Islamic Guidance and Counseling Journal, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.25217/igcj.v3i1.673 E-ISSN: 2614-1566 Published by: Institut Agama Islam Ma'arif NU (IAIMNU) Metro Lampung The Effectiveness of Psychoeducational Group with Group Exercises Technique to Improve Student's Self-Efficacy


The invention provides a fuel battery pack, which comprises two end plates, two bipolar plates positioned between the two end plates and a membrane electrode assembly positioned between the two bipolar plates. The membrane electrode assembly comprises a catalyst layer and the catalyst is composite catalyst of a photocatalyst and noble metal. With the total weight of the composite catalyst as 100% by weight, the content of the photocatalyst accounts for 30% to 35% and the content of the noble metal accounts for 65% to 70%. The end plates and the bipolar plates are respectively made of light transmission materials. Compared with the prior art, the catalyst layer of the fuel battery pack comprises the photocatalyst component, the end plates and the bipolar plates are respectively made of the light transmission materials, and therefore solar energy can be fully utilized for increasing the decomposition efficiency of fuel.


The adsorption characteristics of cationic polyelectrolyte poly dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride(PDADMAC) and anionic polyelectrolyte poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate)(PSS) on benzoguanamine formaldehyde(BGF) particles are investigated. The charging characteristics of BGF particles are changed and controlled using electrostatic self-assembly method. A variety of PEi-BGF/SiO2composite abrasives are obtained.The as-prepared samples are analyzed by zeta potential analysis,transmission electron microscope(TEM) and thermogravimetric(TG) analysis. The composite abrasive slurries are prepared for copper polishing. The polishing results indicate that it is SiO2abrasives,not only coated SiO2abrasive on polymer particles but also free SiO2abrasive in slurry,that offer the polishing action. The material removal rates of copper polishing are264 nm/min,348 nm/min and 476 nm/min using single SiO2abrasive slurry,PE0-BGF/SiO2mixed abrasive slurry and PE3-BGF/SiO2composite abrasive slurry,respectively. The surface roughness Raof copper wafer(with 5 μm×5 μm district) is decreased from 0.166 μm to 3.7 nm,2.6 nm and 1.5 nm,and the surface peak-valley values Rpvare less than 20 nm,14 nm and 10 nm using these kinds of slurries,respectively.更多还原


To investigate the effect of silica on trace elements of lung and spleen tissue in rats,Wistar rats were randomly divided into two group(control and silica group).The content of zinc,copper,magnesium in lung tissue and spleen in all rats were determined by atom absorb spectrophotometer.The results show that in the silica group the content of zinc,magnesium in lung tissue and spleen was lower and copper was higher than the value of control group.It concluded silica can cause lung damage and disorder of trace element,and then spleen was damaged and may be make immune function decrease.


Propyl Propionate was catalytically synthesized by the esterification reaction of n - propanol with propionic acid by catalysis of Ti(SO4)2·4H2O. The effect of the amount of catalyst used, the molar ratio of n - propanol to propionic acid, reaction time and the amount of remove water reagent used on the esterification reaction were discussed. Under the optimun reaction conditions the conversion could reach 96.5% .


A plasmon of a bounded domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^n$ is a non-trivial bounded harmonic function on $\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\partial\Omega$ which is continuous at $\partial\Omega$ and whose exterior and interior normal derivatives at $\partial\Omega$ have a constant ratio. We call this ratio a plasmonic eigenvalue of $\Omega$. Plasmons arise in the description of electromagnetic waves hitting a metallic particle $\Omega$. We investigate these eigenvalues and prove that they form a sequence of numbers converging to one. Also, we prove regularity of plasmons, derive a variational characterization, and prove a second order perturbation formula. The problem can be reformulated in terms of Dirichlet-Neumann operators, and as a side result we derive a formula for the shape derivative of these operators.


This research reports on the views of trainees as to whether the leadership in our psychology services is fit for purpose especially given the dynamic and fast changing times. What will this 'Millennial Generation' identify as areas for development within service leadership? Roger Booker applied inductive thematic analysis to find out.


We study straight-line drawings of non-planar graphs with few slopes. Interval graphs, co-comparability graphs and AT-free graphs are shown to have have drawings in which the number of slopes is bounded by the maximum degree. We prove that graphs of bounded degree and bounded treewidth have drawings with O(log n) slopes. Finally we prove that every graph has a drawing with one bend per edge, in which the number of slopes is at most one more than the maximum degree. In a companion paper, planar drawings of graphs with few slopes are also considered. †School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada (email@example.com). Supported by NSERC. §School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada (email@example.com). Supported by NSERC. ¶Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada II, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain (firstname.lastname@example.com). Supported by the Government of Spain grant MEC SB2003-0270. ∗A preliminary version of this paper was published in the Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Graph Drawing (GD '04), Lecture Notes in Computer Science 3383:122–132, Springer, 2004. Research initiated at the International Workshop on Fixed Parameter Tractability in Geometry and Games, organised by Sue Whitesides; Bellairs Research Institute of McGill University, Holetown, Barbados, February 7–13, 2004.


Summary. The goal of the current study is to analyze the patent protection status of medical products included in the therapeutic classZ ngiotensin II receptor antagonists or sartans. The analysis covered the period 1995-2008. A three - step internet patent database search methodology was applied in searching EPO, Or- ange book and Patent watch. Applications were systematised per IPC code, ter- ritory, manufacturer and date of patent issuing. The patent activity depends on the time of expiration of the main patent. The highest number of patents granted for IPC class A61K is due to the fact that this class is related with the therapeutic possibility of the formulations. Per territory protection activity is similar in regard to the prefered countries and follows the market dynamics. For some of the products additional factors might play an important role. Our study shows that a variety of factors are in? uencing the patent protection policy, such as the time of discovery, product application, disease priority, technologies etc. It appears that the therapeu- tic competition is more important than the generic one related to establishment of patent proo le of particular INN. This is in contrast with the beliefs that the patent protection policy affects mainly generic companies.


This toolkit contains social behavior change materials in Arabic on family planning and reproductive health. The materials are suitable for use by peer educators, workplace infirmary nurses, university infirmaries, clinics, or as workplace health education materials. These materials were produced for the Expanding Private Sector Youth Programming activity, funded by USAID Egypt.


Based on the big data sample, we found that during the first year of Covid-19, although per month, per person expenditures of female-headed households were higher, on average, compared with male-headed households in Mongolia, but it is not because of the gender of the household head, but because these heads of households on average have more education, smaller household sizes, and living more in urban areas. They also register their expenditures in the VAT e-receipts system more consistently, which means that male-headed households' expenditures are underestimated. Overall, expenditure of both male- and female-headed households has increased in 2020 compared with 2019, while poverty slightly declined. The major reasons for expenditure increase and poverty decline in 2020 a rapid rollout of a fiscal stimulus with a sizable social protection component.


Childhood sexual development is discussed using a framework starting in infancy with the first 18 months then the early childhood years of 18 months-3 years and the preschool years of 3-5. Very early sexual response is known to obstetricians. Sexual behavior during these early years is not as important as adult reaction to the behavior. Young children need to develop self-acceptance and a positive self-image through among other things their sexual development. The role of physicians in sex education is discussed.


This research investigated whether negative emotional responses to heavy-metal and hip-hop music could be stereotypes of the music genres. It was hypothesized that heavy-metal and hip-hop music with positive lyrics would be perceived as expressing more negative (negative valence/high arousal) emotions, compared with pop music excerpts with identical lyrics. Participants listened to either two heavy-metal or two hip-hop test stimuli and two pop control stimuli. They then responded by stating what emotion they perceived that the music expressed. Results indicated that heavy-metal and hip-hop stimuli were perceived as expressing more negative emotions than pop stimuli. Lyrics were recognized above chance in both heavy metal and hip hop, suggesting that the negative emotion bias was not a result of misunderstanding the lyrics. The Stereotype Theory of Emotion in Music (STEM) explains the findings in terms of an emotion filter which is activated to simplify emotion perception processing. The conclusions provide a novel way of understanding the cultural and social contribution of emotion in music.


On the measure of improvement of technical facilities and technologies of construction of horizontal bore holes, all more claimed become complex profiles. In the article presented examples of designing the horizontal bore holes with the big technological difficulty factor, bended-directed bore holes with greater departures, multi-bottom-holes.


PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of amount of thickness reduction on color and translucency of dental monolithic zirconia ceramics. MATERIALS AND METHODS One-hundred sixty-five monolithic zirconia specimens (16.3 mm × 16.3 mm × 2.0 mm) were divided into 5 groups (Group I to V) according to the number of A2-coloring liquid applications. Each group was then divided into 11 subgroups by reducing the thickness up to 1.0 mm in 0.1-mm increments (Subgroup 0 to 10, n=3). Colors and spectral distributions were measured according to CIELAB on a reflection spectrophotometer. All measurements were performed on five different areas of each specimen. Color difference (ΔE*ab) and translucency parameter (TP) were calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and multiple comparison Scheffé test (α=.05). RESULTS There were significant differences in CIE L* between Subgroup 0 and other subgroups in all groups. CIE a* increased (0.523.7) were obtained between Subgroup 0 and other subgroups. TP values generally increased as the thickness reduction increased in all groups (R2>0.89, P<.001). CONCLUSION Increasing thickness reduction reduces lightness and increases a reddish, bluish appearance, and translucency of monolithic zirconia ceramics.


While the science of ecology progressed towards a systemic approach, due to being a regulated activity, territorial planning was unable to keep up with its developments. As a consequence, the elaboration of environmental studies as a part of urban and spatial plans utilizes in Romania an outdated methodology. In parallel with it, several studies employed a new methodology, developed in accordance with the principles of systemic ecology. This paper attempts to develop an analytical framework to compare the two approaches. The results indicate that the new methodology has numerous advantages and should be used despite of not being imposed by the regulatory framework.


ObjectiveA case of isolated recurrence of intracranial granulocytic sarcoma (GS), also known as chloroma, is reported. Intracranial involvement of the central nervous system by GS is rare. This is a rare report in which the tumor had involved meninges with extension to both the middle cranial fossa and cerebellopontine cistern in the remission phase of the disease. Clinical PresentationThe patient was a treated case of marrow-positive acute myeloid leukemia and was disease-free for 4 years. The patient developed severe headache and other features of raised intracranial pressure. He was investigated and it was found on computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging that the patient was harboring a huge tumor that extended across the petrous temporal bone and involving both the middle and posterior cranial fossae. Surgical ManagementThe patient underwent temporal craniotomy with complete excision of the tumor in the middle cranial fossa, and through a transtentorial approach a part of the tumor extending into the posterior cranial fossa was removed. The patient received postoperative radiotherapy. ConclusionsIsolated recurrence of intracranial GS is a rare entity. It should be considered in any patient treated for leukemia who presents with features of raised intracranial pressure or has other neurologic signs.


The present paper focused on the technology of extracting soybean isoflavone.Based on single factor analysis and orthogonal experiments,the condition for extracting soybean isoflavone was optimized as following:70% ethanol as extracting solvent,extracting twice(1h each time)at 65℃,and 1∶7 as sample-ethanol ratio.The optimum conditions could raise the extraction rate up to 0.533%.


Abstract Idealized model simulations with an isolated elliptical lake and prescribed winter lake-effect environmental conditions were used to examine the influences of lake shape, wind speed, and wind direction on the mesoscale morphology. This study presents the first systematic examination of variations in lake shape and the interplay between these three parameters. The array of 21 model simulations produced cases containing each of the three classic lake-effect morphologies (i.e., vortices, shoreline bands, and widespread coverage), and, in some instances, the mesoscale circulations were composed of coexisting morphologies located over the lake, near the downwind shoreline, or inland from the downwind shore. As with lake-effect circulations simulated over circular lakes, the ratio of wind speed (U) to maximum fetch distance (L) was found to be a valuable parameter for determining the morphology of a lake-effect circulation when variations of lake shape, wind speed, and wind direction were introduced. F...


Purpose. To introduce additional methods to detect and to quantify single pathogens in the complex biofilm formation on an antibacterial dental material. Materials and Methods. A conventional (ST) and an antibacterial dental composite (B) were manufactured. In vitro: specimens were incubated with a mixture of early colonizers. Bacterial adhesion was analyzed by TaqMan PCR after 8/24 h. In situ: TaqMan PCR and 16S rRNA Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) were performed. Results. In vitro: after 8 h incubation, B was covered by 58.6% of the bacterial amount that was attached to ST. After 24 h, the amount of attached bacteria to ST remained constant on ST only slightly lower on B. In situ: after 8 h the amount of adhering A. viscosus and S. mitis was prominent on ST and reduced on B. NGS revealed that S. sanguinis, S. parasanguinis, and Gemella sanguinis were the mainly attached species with S. sanguinis dominant on ST and S. parasanguinis and G. sanguinis dominant on B. Conclusions. Initial biofilm formation was altered by B. A shift between actinomycetes and streptococci was observed in situ. TaqMan PCR and 16S rRNA NGS revealed comparable results in situ and demonstrated the usefulness of NGS to characterize complex bacterial communities.


In this paper, which is an extension of a very recent one, we show, in a first part, that starting from RNA, more exactly, from the detailed atomic composition of its basic components, the four ribonucleotides UMP, CMP, AMP and GMP, full of Fibonacci numbers, we can derive the "One-Number Model" of the genetic code which was introduced by us some years ago, in 2007. In a second new and original part, we consider the opposite way, that is, starting from the "OneNumber Model", we can recover, in the detail, the atomic composition of the four ribonucleotides, from which we started, and the "circle is complete".


Rectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system, and its morbidity and mortality rates are rising year by year. For modern treatment philosophy, both radical surgery requirements and function of the urogenital system are needed. With the research development on the biological characteristics of low rectal cancer, as well as the continuous innovation and development of laparoscopic technology, the application of laparoscopic sphincter-preserving surgery for low rectal cancer is more and more extensive. At present, it is mainly divided into: local excision, anterior resection, anterior resection with intersphincteric resection (ISR) or with prolapse techniques and transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME).


Although alpine grassland net primary productivity (NPP) plays an important role in balancing the carbon cycle and is extremely vulnerable to climate factors, on the Tibetan Plateau, the generalized effect of climate factors on the NPP in areas with humid and arid conditions is still unknown. Hence, we determined the effects of precipitation and temperature on the MODIS NPP in alpine grassland areas from 2001 to 2019 according to information from humid and arid climatic regions. On a spatial scale, we found that temperature generated a larger effect on the NPP than precipitation did in humid regions, but as a primary factor, precipitation had an impact on the NPP in arid regions. These results suggest that temperature and precipitation are the primary limiting factors for plant growth in humid and arid regions. We also found that temperature produced a greater effect on the NPP in humid regions than in arid regions, but no significant differences were observed in the effects of precipitation on the NPP in humid and arid regions. In a time series (2001–2019), the effects of precipitation and temperature on the NPP presented fluctuating decrease (R2 = 0.28, p < 0.05) and increase (R2 = 0.24, p < 0.05) trends in arid regions. However, the effect of the climate on the NPP remained stable in humid regions. In both humid and arid regions, the dynamics of the NPP from 2001 to 2019 were mediated by an increase in temperature. Specifically, 35.9% and 2.57% of the dynamic NPP in humid regions and 45.1 and 7.53% of the dynamic NPP in arid regions were explained by variations in the temperature and precipitation, respectively. Our findings highlighted that grassland areas in humid regions can adapt to dynamic climates, but plants in arid regions are sensitive to changes in the climate. These findings can increase our understanding of climate and ecological responses and provide a framework for adapting management practices.


There is a plenty of room at the bottom stated by Richard Feynman. If we decrease the size of the device, we can incorporate different devices onto a single chip. Miniatured devices is a basic demand by the society for their comfort and ease of use. The miniaturization in all aspects is a growing requirement. Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) is a technology, by which a complete system can be made, that works for a specific operation in micro size. Bio-MEMS the interdisciplinary nature of MEMS that mainly focuses on Bio species, their reacting compounds, and their detection. Already plenty of research has done in Bio-MEMS, brought out sensors as glucose sensors,1 PD detection,2 TB detection3 many more. MEMS technology has been applied to the drug delivery systems, because of its high application range. This technology termed as micro fluidics, that deals with fluid flow physics in micro level.


The electrical power generated by RF energy harvesting techniques is small, depending on techniques it is enough to drive low power consumption devices. Therefore, it is possible to increase the battery life and to reduce the environmental pollution. In this paper, we focus on the RF energy harvesting and design the rectenna with a 4×4 patch antenna of 2.13 GHz for low power mobile devices. The rectenna element is a microstrip patch antenna with PTFT board of 10 dielectric constant and 1.6 mm thick that has a gain of 5.8dBi. A step-up converter is adopted the Texas Instruments TPS61220. The step-up converter is operated with load at 0.7V to 5.5V. If the output current is 1.7mA, the conversion efficiency shows 80.9%. From the evaluated results of RF energy harvesting system, the low power mobile devices such as Zigbee when we set the distance of 12m can be operated


Electronic data interchange (EDI) is a powerful, cost saving and streamlining information technology that has rapidly gained international acceptance over the last few years. This paper aims to facilitate a clearer understanding of the issues involved in formulating and implementing an EDI strategy. In particular the paper analyses the potential benefits to be derived from EDI implementation, while at the same time outlining operational and management difficulties likely to arise as a result of implementation. The paper focuses on the inter– and intra–organisational issues which EDI gives rise to - since it is a service which entails co–operation between trading parties to gain the greatest benefits. Similarly the relationship between EDI and other related strategies, such as quick response and just–in–time, are discussed. The paper also outlines the relationship between EDI and electronic funds transfer (EFT). It argues that EDI–EFT has the potential to have a major impact in re–defining organisational cash management policies and strategies - particularly in relation to the 'float' - as well as the relationship between organisations and their respective financial institutions. The paper provides an overview of relevant work taking place internationally, with an emphasis on North American and European developments.


This article describes and analyzes ten Negro short-con men who were part of a larger sample of 400 offenders interviewed and tested at the District of Columbia Reformatory (actually a penitentiary), at Lorton, Va. It was hypothesized that offenders with a confidence-game criminal pattern would constitute a cer tain social and psychological type different from that of offenders with other criminal patterns. Comparisons demonstrated this to be the case. The con men under study were all characterized by the facts that they were isolated, marginal, hedonistic, mobile, exploitative, nonviolent, undisciplined, unsuccessful, recidivistic, institutionalized, sociopathic offenders. All had domineering mothers who taught them, at an early age, the necessity for, and the practice and reward of, deceit. This early training in deceit and nonviolence shaped the type of criminal pattern they chose in later years. They rarely committed offenses that were not related to confidence games. Although they learned their "trade" from the big con, they lacked the finesse, skill, and in dustry necessary to become successful in their criminal career. They rationalized away their brand of crime as really not crimi nal and condemned many other types of crime. They derived pleasure, as well as financial reward, from "putting the mark down."


A facile and efficient one-pot melting-assisted solvent-free method was successfully developed for the first time to produce hierarchically mesoporous carbon and nitrogen-enriched mesoporous carbon materials. This method used a very simple thermal treatment process instead of normally reported solvent-based preparations, thus making it potentially very applicable for fast and large scale production of mesoporous carbons. The obtained carbon materials were comprehensively characterized by X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, N2 sorption, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, CHN analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and elemental mapping. The results show that the as-synthesized carbon materials possess well-developed hierarchical porous structures, uniform pore sizes, and high surface areas, and the specific structures can be adjusted by changing the temperature and duration of the thermal treatment process. Moreover, the resultant carbon material with a high surface area of 748 m2 g−1 exhibits excellent CO2 capture properties with a capacity of 2.73 mmol g−1 at 298 K and 1 bar, and a CO2 selectivity of 21.6 under flue gas conditions. More importantly, due to the successful incorporation of large amounts of highly dispersed N in the carbon matrix (11.67%), the as-synthesized NMC sample exhibits a significantly enhanced CO2 capacity of 1.66 mmol g−1 with an excellent CO2 selectivity of 240.7 at 348 K and 1 bar, revealing great promise for practical CO2 capture applications.


Part 1: The Analysis of Uncertainties in Dealing with Complex Problems in Networks 1. Uncertainties in Dealing with Complex Problems in the Network Society 2. Uncertainty about Content: Knowledge Conflicts and Asymmetrical Debates 3. Uncertainty and Process: Problem Solving as Strategic Game 4. Uncertainty and Institutions: Patterns, Rules and Trust 5. Uncertainties and Governments: Old and New Responses 6. Summing Up: Dealing with Uncertainties in Networks Part 2: The Management of Uncertainties in Dealing with Complex Problems in Networks 7. Mapping Uncertainties in Games and Networks 8. Managing Content: Furthering Cross-Frame Reflection and the Creation of Negotiated Knowledge 9. Managing the Game 10. Managing the Network: Strategies for Institutional Design 11. Managing Uncertainties in Networks


Background : Malaria is a major health problem and a cause of significant morbidity and mortality worldwide especially in the tropics. Anemia, thrombocytopenia, atypical lymphocytosis and infrequently disseminated intravascular coagulation. Leucopenia, leucocytosis, eosinophilia and monocytosis have also been reported. Methods : The aim of the present study was to detect if an haematological index like thrombocytopenia is a significant indicator of malaria and whether its presence increases the probability of malaria in patients suspicious of suffering from this disease. Clinically suspected cases of malaria with febrile illness presenting at Hakeem Abdul Hameed Centenary, Hospital were included in the study and evaluated.  Results: Among 1248 patients with clinical suspicion of malaria, 230(18%) patients were confirmed by the demonstration of malarial parasite on peripheral blood film mostly in the months of August and September, monsoon season. A male predominance, with a male to female ratio of 2.3:1 was seen. 212 patients out of 230 had accompanying thrombocytopenia. The sensitivity and specificity of this was 92.1% and 88.2% respectively with a disease prevalence of 19%. The positive and negative predictive values were 63.8% and 98.1%with a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 7.82 and negative likelihood ratio(LR-) of 0.09. Conclusions: The malaria-endemic regions of the world are mostly developing countries with limited resources and trained health personnel. The hematological aspects may be used in addition to the clinical assessment, to heighten the suspicion of this disease. Thrombocytopenia is associated with both P. falciparum and P. vivaxinfections. Significant association between malaria and thrombocytopenia has been demonstrated in our study and we suggest malaria should be a consideration in all patients with fever and low platelet counts.


In addition to theoretical study in statistical physics, synchronization in large heterogeneous networks has always been a technology challenge, due to lacking of common infrastructure and interface. However, misalignment of timing can significantly degrade the performance. In light of existing algorithms failing to effectively respond to node failure in timing, we develop an improved voter algorithm for network time synchronization enabling reliable synchronization in heterogeneous wireless networks. We further apply this improved algorithm to femtocells in LTE-A systems to successfully confine the timing errors in a more effective way.


Nanoparticle enabled cancer therapeutics are emerging to become a new trend in clinical therapeutics. We present a novel approach to synchronize the hyperthermia and local drug release via magnetite nanocrystals with polynucleotide shell that carry 5-fluouracil and anti-Her2 antibody for cancer cell specific targeting. The nanocrystals served as antennas to induced tumor hyperthermia in response to radiofrequency energy. The local regional heat further triggers drug release from the oligonucleotide carrier while performs direct damage to the cancer cells. We discovered that such synchronization significantly improves anti-cancer therapy in both in vitro and in vivo models than hyperthermia or chemotherapy alone. A complete remission of the disease was achieved in the experimental animal subject to IV injection and local radiofrequency induction. observed in the all experimental mice triggered by energy, and the anti-HER2 antibody targets cancer cells that overexpress HER2. Tumor size significantly shrank in response to radiofrequency-induced hyperthermia, and hyperthermochemotherapy more effectively shrank the tumor than did hyperthermia alone.


The invention relates to a method for reducing dislocation of monocrystalline silicon, which belongs to the technical field of production of the monocrystalline silicon; the invention provides the method which can reduce the dislocation of the monocrystalline silicon by only improving the existing production process; and the adopted technical scheme is as follows: the first step: using the monocrystalline silicon without the dislocation as a seed crystal, arranging a polysilicon raw material into a crucible, arranging the crucible into a single crystal growth furnace, introducing argon into the furnace, heating and melting the polysilicon raw material; the second step: using the seed crystal to be in contact with liquid level of molten silicon after the heating and the melting in the first step, and then slowly lifting upwards; the third step: stopping the rotation of the crucible every 15-30min, or stopping the rotation of crystallized crystals every 15-30min, or slowly rotating the crystallized crystals in the reverse direction every 15-30min until the completion of the equal-diameter growth stage when the crystallized crystals enter into the equal-diameter growth stage; and the fourth step: gradually improving the pulling rate of the seed crystal, leading the diameters of the crystallized crystals to be contracted gradually, and completing the operation. The method is applied in the vertical pulling process step during the production process of the monocrystalline silicon.


s. Based on experimental data in supersonic wind tunnels the flow patterns, which cause peak pressure and peak heat fluxes at hypersonic speed were obtained. Physical interpretations for each flow pattern are presented. Peak areas dimensions were specified. Influence of aerospike fluxes was investigated. Nomenclature M = Mach number Reref = Reynolds number based on Ekkert temperature St = Stanton number q = heat flux γ = specific heat ratio P = pressure


The shelf-life of shrimp, as indexed by psychrotrophic bacterial counts, was extended approximately 1.0, 1.9, and 3.1 days using levels of 0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2% potassium sorbate-containing ice, respectively. Shelf-life was extended an additional 0.5 to 2.5 days when a 3% potassium sorbate dip was administered prior to storage on modified ice. In all cases, potassium sorbate extended the lag phases of the spoilage bacteria.


This paper discusses the viability of Antarctic petroleum development and estimates when Antarctic oil production could become economically feasible. The analysis is based on a hypothetical exploration and development model which would require a US $7.6 billion investment in 1991 constant dollars. Following a 20 year development period, a 30 year project life, producing an initial 144,000,000 bbl per year, with a 5% decline rate is assumed. Exploration is based on a floating conical drilling unit. Production is based on a concrete Tension Leg Platform concept, with subsea completion. Storage will be in a seafloor facility and transportation will be by icebreaking tankers. The Ross Sea was chosen as the most promising petroleum - producing area in the Antarctic, because it has the most promising sedimentary basins, has had the most scientific exposure, and is environmentally the most favorable area. The geology of the region, the environmental considerations, appropriate structural types and economic considerations are all discussed. The venture would be an extremely risky one with a large upfront investment.


This paper determined the Mooney-Rivlin constants for rubber materials by test, and then taking the arch rubber shock pad as an object, established a spatial finite element model used for calculation. When their material non-linearity and geometrical non-linearity were taken into account, the ultimate load and the corresponding compressive load of the arch rubber shock pad could be obtained by engineering software ANSYS.


Distant metastasis (DM) and neoadjuvant treatment response prediction remain critical challenges in the management of locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical relevance of viable circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for DM or response in patients with LARC in a neoadjuvant setting.


The avalanche photodiodes with separated absorption,grading,charge,and multiplication (SAGCM) structures through the two-proliferation,multiplayer dielectric deposition.Using InGaAs and InP as absorption layer and multiplication layer respectively,the devices are processed by double diffusion,multi-layer dielectric,p-type Ohmic contacts by AuZn and n-type Ohmic contacts by AuGeNi.The diameter of the optical window of APD is 50 μm.The devices have breakdown voltages of 32~42 V and dark currents of about 1 nA with bias in 0 to less than 1 V breakdown point.Normal optical response is performed and a responsivity of about 10 A/W is obtained with a bias of 2 V low than the breakdown voltage.The APDs demonstrate planar gain under 2.7 GHz.


As the population of China becomes more urbanized, cities will continue to expand, unknowingly igniting the multi-dimensional vulnerability of human settlements. Sustainable urban settlement requires serious manifestation in the form of low-carbon city construction. The growing urbanization trend, especially in mountain areas and in coastal areas, makes the search for policy solutions acute. Climate change and accelerating urbanization demand urgent formulation and implementation of rational adaptation strategies supported by good governance, urban planning and management, including the application of new building codes and other appropriate laws designed to ensure minimal greenhouse gas emissions.


We compared the Collembola communities of three sub-alpine sites in the Limestone Alps to evaluate the short- and long-term effects of natural forest fires. SITE 1 was burned in August 2003, SITE 2 was burned 50 years ago and sampled to assess the long-term effects of fire and the recovery of soil animals. A reference site (REF) was sampled to represent the undisturbed dwarf pine community. All sites are close to each other on a steep slope between 1 400 and 1 650 m above sea level. We found a total of 41 species of Collembola, as well as clear differences in the species composition and abundance between the sites. Most species (29) were found on the REF site. The highest abundance was found on SITE 1 (48 960 individuals*m -2 , 22 species). We assume that some species survived the fire in deeper soil layers and others migrated or were passively dispersed from unburned patches and surrounding sites. The lowest abundance and species number (8 160 individuals*m -2 , 18 species) were found on the 50-year-old site. This site was covered with a typical community for moving substratum, consisting mainly of alpine grasses, yet the dwarf pine vegetation had not yet recovered. The soil layer was still very thin and we therefore assume that a recovery of the Collembola community will take much longer than 50 years.


Heteroglycopolymers displaying different sugar motifs have been increasingly used as tools to investigate the inherent heterogeneity in carbohydrate–protein binding to date. However, the fabrication of well-defined heteroglycopolymers still remains a challenge for chemists. Herein a library of well-defined homo and hetero-glycopolymers consisting of different sugar units in the side chain were generated by reacting poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (pPFPA) with difunctionalized sugar amines via post-polymerization modification, in which one class of sugar motifs is linked by the flexible thiol ether bond while the same or different sugar motifs are connected by the rigid triazole ring in the side chain. A series of difunctionalized sugar amines were synthesized by implementing sequential CuAAC and thiol–ene click reactions, which could serve as a facile methodology for achieving heterogeneous sugar synthetic blocks with functional control. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements of the obtained glycopolymers with concanavalin A (Con A) as the model receptor indicated that heterogeneous glycopolymers bearing binding units α-D-mannose and non-binding sugar motifs in the side chains show higher affinities to Con A as compared to monoglycopolymer P(αManN-ene) in which the non-binding sugar motif was substituted with a non-sugar unit. We hypothesized that this may be due to the presence of β-glucose and β-galactose units as secondary sugar units producing a synergistic effect for the binding of α-mannose units to Con A. More surprisingly, heterogeneous glycopolymers in which α-D-mannose is linked by the flexible thiol ether bond in the side chain showed higher binding affinity to Con A in comparison with the heterogeneous glycopolymers in which α-D-mannose is linked by the rigid triazole ring since the flexible linker could provide more spaces on the polymer chain to bind Con A.


New compounds with the formula Sr2LnIrO6 (Ln=Ce, Sm∼Lu) were characterized from X-ray diffraction measurements and magnetic susceptibility measurements in the temperatures between 5 and 300 K. They were determined to have ordered monoclinic perovskite structures with space group P21/n. The oxidation state of iridium is considered to be pentavalent for Sr2LnIrO6 (Ln=Sm∼Gd, Dy∼Lu), whereas it is tetravalent for Sr2LnIrO6 (Ln=Ce, Tb). The compounds in which the iridium is in the tetravalent state show an antiferromagnetic transition. Sr2CeIrO6 has a transition temperature at 21 K, and Sr2TbIrO6 has two transition temperatures at 25 and 51 K.


There is provided a light emitting diode (LED) and a manufacturing method, which can improve brightness by forming a InGaN layer having a low concentration of indium, the lattice constant of the InGaN layer is similar to the lattice constant of the active layer of the LED. The LED includes: a buffer layer disposed on a sapphire substrate; a GaN layer disposed on the buffer layer; doped GaN layer disposed on the GaN layer; indium-containing GaN on the GaN layer disposed layer; an active layer disposed on the GaN layer containing indium; and the P-type GaN disposed on the active layer. Here, an empirical formula of the GaN layer containing indium in In x Ga (1-x) N is given and range of x is given in 0