The mood in our class is barely-contained restlessness among my squirmy eighth graders--a group of students eagerly anticipating their winter break, but willing to give me some of their attention during our final meeting before the mad dash to the airport, ski hill, video games, or the mall. My students drop themselves into their seats around our large table. They secure their overfilled backpacks under their feet, arrange their materials in neat piles in front of them, and take on an attitude of "scholarly demeanor." My plan on this day involves one last visit to Gettysburg, and, though my students are too kind to tell me straight out, I know that we have dwelled too long in this haunted place. The Civil War, this frustrating, never ending, bloody, dark era in American history, must surely make these dreary winter days seem even longer for my students. But the Civil War ... the temptation to linger on it is always strong. I cannot help myself. Silently, I vow to limit our time studying this unit next year. We will move on to other revolutions and lighter times more quickly, next year. But right now, before we separate for winter break, I surrender to Gettysburg, dragging these young minds with me. ********** Because of its enormous significance to American history, I want my students to gain a rich understanding of the Battle at Gettysburg; I also would like them to make a strong emotional connection to it. I want my students to engage with the Battle of Gettysburg on many levels--to become tangled up with the past. My goal is to guide them toward an in-depth understanding of this event--the larger historical context in which it occurred, the ideology that drove many Confederate soldiers into this battle (an ideology grounded in the spirit of the Enlightenment and the Revolutionary War), the events that caused both Union and Confederate soldiers to converge at Gettysburg, the dramatic stories of people who participated in the war or waited anxiously at home, and how this battle shaped events following the Civil War. And through these historical investigations, I have woven a strand of study that encourages students to make emotional connections to the characters and events, engaging their imaginative and literary powers to enter the world of their history studies by engaging in literary activities such as reading and writing stories, poems, and diary entries from the perspectives of the historical figures we meet along the way. This weaving together of diverse content strands, discourses, and skills is my work as a humanities teacher. So on that restless day before winter break, our final work at Gettysburg goes something like this: Me: Imagine that you are a 7th grader. You are standing on a hill called Little Roundtop, at Gettysburg, and you are gazing over this beautiful landscape. You have a notion of what happened here, but you have not yet studied the Civil War as we have together this year. So when you stand there, what do you see? Student: Pretty hills, a curvy landscape, markers along the way, lots of people wandering around. I might think about the Gettysburg Address and wonder what it means. Other students share similar responses.... Me: Now you are an 8th grader who has lust completed a unit of study about the Civil War and Gettysburg. You are standing on that hill, full of all the knowledge and understanding you possess. You are looking over this beautiful landscape at Gettysburg, but what do you see? What do you see? Write about that. And so we write about that. When I hear pens dropped on our table or chairs pushing back, laptops closed and feet shuffling to the printer, I look up. Nory, who has been waiting to catch my eye, shoots her hand in the air. Here is what she wrote on that day: Gettysburg Men died here. Lee failed himself here. Armistead died On a hill, A little hill. In Western Pennsylvania. …


Abstract Objective: To investigate the diagnostic value of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) together with tympanometry in assessing otitis media with effusion in children. Methods: Three hundred and thirty-nine patients, who were diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and prepared to undergo adenotonsillectomy and had a unilateral or bilateral type 'B' or 'C' tympanogram were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into the following four groups: Group 1, type 'B' tympanogram with positive DPOAE; Group 2, type 'B' tympanogram with negative DPOAE; Group 3, type 'C' tympanogram with positive DPOAE and Group 4, type 'C' tympanogram with negative DPOAE. Results: Tympanometry showed a type 'B' pattern in 467 ears and type 'C' pattern in 163 ears. Among 163 ears with type 'C' tympanogram, negative DPOAE results were seen in 96 ears. Group 4 (56/96) had a significant high rate of middle ear effusion than Group 3 (14/67) (p < .05). In patients with a type 'C' tympanogram, those with a low compliance value (∼0.25 ml), concurrent chronic tonsillitis and large tonsils are likely to have middle ear effusion. Conclusions: DPOAE could be a great help in screening for middle ear effusion in patients with a type 'C' tympanogram.


Cremation as a funeral practice is unique in the sense that throughfire as a medium the dead are actively incorporated into otherspheres and realms. The problem of decaying corpses has beensolved t ...


A group G is called a PC-group if the factor group G/CG(〈x〉G) is polycyclic for each element x of G. It is proved here that if G is a group of infinite rank whose proper subgroups of infinite rank have the property PC, then G itself is a PC-group, provided that G has an abelian non-trivial homomorphic image. Moreover, under the same assumption, a complete classification of minimal non-PC groups is obtained.


Based on 10 shale samples collected from 4 wells in Qinshui Basin, we investigate the full‐sized pore structure and fractal characteristics of Marine‐Continental transitional shale by performing organic geochemistry, mineralogical composition, Nitrogen gas adsorption (N2 adsorption) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurements and fractal analysis. Results show that the TOC content of the shale samples is relatively high, with an average value of 2.44wt%, and the thermal evolution is during the mature‐over mature stage. The NMR T2 spectrum can be used to characterize the full‐sized pore structure characteristics of shale. By combining N2 adsorption pore structure parameters and NMR T2 spectrums, the surface relaxivity of samples are calculated to be between 1.7877 um/s and 5.2272 um/s. On this basis, the T2 spectrums are converted to full‐sized pore volume and surface area distribution curves. The statistics show that the pore volume is mainly provided by mesopore, followed by micropore, and the average percentages are 65.04% and 30.83% respectively; the surface area is mainly provided by micropore, followed by mesopore, and the average percentages are 60.8004% and 39.137% respectively; macropore contributes little to pore volume and surface area. The pore structure characteristics of shale have no relationship with TOC, but strong relationships with clay minerals content. NMR fractal dimensions Dmicro and Dmeso have strong positive relationships with the N2 adsorption fractal dimensions D1 and D2 respectively, indicating that Dmicro can be used to characterize the fractal characteristics of pore surface, and Dmeso can be used to characterize the fractal characteristics of pore structure. The shale surface relaxivity is controlled by multiple factors. The increasing of clay mineral content, pore surface area, pore surface fractal dimension and the decreasing of average pore size, will all lead to the decreasing of shale surface relaxivity.


To analyze the velocity field and separation efficiency of cyclone separator,the strongly swirling flow field in a typical cyclone separator is studied by Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD).By Geometry and Mesh software of ANSYS Workbench,3D geometry modeling and unstructured mesh are performed,and the flow field is simulated for dust removal of blast furnace gas.The turbulence is simulated by Reynolds stress model,and the separation efficiency is predicted by discrete phase model(DPM) which is based on Lagrange method.The inner and outer swirl structures of cyclone separator are obtained by analysis of pressure and velocity distribution,but the structure is not completely stable because of the turboshaft swing.The simulation result shows that the cyclone separator performs good efficiency on dust removal of blast furnace gas.


The paper examines the global effects on political ideologies in the case of Kosovo not only theoretical but also practical aspects. The ideological misunderstanding of political parties in Kosovo at a first reading creates the idea of a virus that has passed in many countries with consolidated democracy. In this logic, we can not claim something different to us, for how long, the claim to refer to different doctrines is viewed with much scepticism. To achieve the objectives of the paper, we have elaborated the global effects that have in the ideologies of political parties in Kosovo. The paper found that Integration into the European Communities over the years has become an indisputable priority for any government in Kosovo. The integration process changes in the government program of any political force, not just on paper. It was observed there exists International organizations such as the IMF strive, with a degree of success, to push and impose aspects of globalization in a particular direction, and such discourses, such as neoliberal economic discourse, are an important part of the strategy for to achieve this goal. The findings, therefore, suggest that through participation in democratic elections, they want to represent these interests to representatives and formal political institutions.


Cleft of the lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP), is a complex facial deformity, which requires multiple surgeries and bone grafting to correct the defect. Active or passive Pre surgical Orthopedic Molding reduces the deformity and thus reduces number of surgeries to achieve superior post surgical esthetic. Pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) is passive molding which align and approximate the alveolar cleft segments, at the same time improve the contour of columella-philtrum region and nose. A case report with bilateral cleft of lip and alveolus showing significant reduction in the defect and improvement in contour of lip-nose region with application of Pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding (PNAM) is described. .


High-resolution spectra of the chromospheric Na I D lines, Ca I 4227, Mg I 4571, 5167, and 5172, the Ca II H and K resonance and IR 8542.144 and 8662.170 lines, and H-alpha and H-beta, all observed simultaneously at the AAT, are presented. These data are presented as the observational basis for the self-consistent, semiempirical modeling of the outer photospheres and chromospheres of the target stars. Stellar activity is found in the low-chromosphere lines as core-filling and, in some stars, as line-broadening. Integrated fluxes are derived from the difference spectra, formed by subtracting quiet from active spectra, in the Ca II H and K resonance and IR 8542 and 8662 lines and in H-alpha, which are presented as chromospheric activity indicators. All the activity indices exhibit strong correlations, with the exception of the equivalent widths of H-alpha and H-beta, which are found to be relatively poor activity discriminators.


We report a rare consequence of memory effect in dielectric response (ϵ) and magnetic field induced rejuvenation in a relaxor-type multiferroic chalcogenide, CuCrS2. Despite reasonably high conductivity, we are able to detect significant spontaneous polarization using an improvised technique verifying ferroelectric (FE) order. Concomitant appearance of both FE and antiferromagnetic orders authenticates multiferroicity. A smeared out FE transition and strong frequency dependence of the broadened peak in ϵ obeying Dynamical scaling law signify relaxor properties. We discuss the role of geometrical frustration in the antiferromagnetically coupled layered triangular lattice and metal ligand hybridization for these unusual properties.


THE use of complexometric analysis for the determination of metal ions has suggested that this could usefully be applied to the assay of barbiturates. The method depends on precipitation of the barbiturate with excess of a metallic salt, followed by estimation of this excess complexometrically. In earlier methods (Budde, 1934 ; Chavanne and Marie, 1953 ; Danielson, 1951 ; Kalinowski, 1935; Schulek and Rozsa, 1938; Stanier, Lapiere and De Tiege-Robinet, 1956) the barbiturates are precipitated as the silver salts, and excess silver nitrate determined by Volhard's method. In the modification of Mangouri and Milad (1947) precipitation is carried out in a sodium acetate buffer and the liberated acetic acid is neutralised with calcium carbonate before titration of the excess silver nitrate. When examined in our laboratory this method gave results which varied according to the amount of calcium carbonate used. Another approach to the assay involves precipitation of the barbiturates as the mercuric salt with mercuric perchlorate. Excess reagent is again determined by Volhard's method (Pedley, 1950). Repetition showed that this method was reproducible only within l per cent when applied to barbitone and barbitone sodium : the end point moreover was found to be indistinct and easily over-stepped. Complexometric titration of the excess mercuric perchlorate was therefore investigated. After precipitating the barbiturate as described by Pedley the filtrate was treated with a known excess of standard magnesium complexonate


Objective To investigate the ocular refraction status d the children with normal eyesight.Methods We checked the eyesight and ocular refraction status of 438 eyes in 237 children of ages ranging from 6 to 12 years old,who all had the eyesight over 1.0 and were investigated under the loosening conditions of the ciliary muscles.Loosening the cili- ary muscles was achieved via using Compound Tropicamide Eye Drop,once per minute,6 times all together,and 30 mi- nutes after the last time optometry then eyesight rectification were carried out.Results Under the loosening condition of the ciliary muscles,the eyesight≥1.0 covered only 49 eyes(14.39%),hyperopia involved 353 eyes(80.59%),myopia 38(8.86%),combined astigmatism 12(2.74%),and emmetropia only 35(7.99%)in this group.Astigmatism pre- dominantly happened in all age brackets and tended to slow down with grown up.Moreover,there was a special aspect in association with refraction error existing in all age brackets,eyesight≤+1.50DS made the predominant portion.Conclu- sion Because the eyesight modulation of the children of preschool abe is potential,although with mildest refraction errors, they might be diagnosed as normal under the condition d the conventional pupils and be ignored.We conclude optometry of the children of preschool age should be performed under the fully loosening condition d ciliary muscles as a set standard so that their refraction errors could be discovered and corrected in time.That will be helpful for early prevention and therapy of myopia.


Schinus fasciculata is a tree of Argentina Chaco eco-region. It is a low-growing species, used as an antiseptic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antifungal. Previous studies reported low germination and poor health. The object of this work was to evaluate the germination and in vitro response of seedlings in two culture media. Fruits were collected, disinfected for 20 min with HClNa and sowing in agar – water. The seedlings were seeded onto MS medium in two dilutions: fourth (¼ MS) and half (½ MS). Germination and vigor tests (mean time to maximum germination in days) were made. Contamination percentage was evaluated. At 20 days of transplanted were evaluated: % of explants with leaves, leaf number and height of seedlings. Parallel assay germination and vigor in sand was made. Contamination was 16%, germination was 84% and vigor 4.9 days. The 94 % and the 100% of the explants in MS ¼ and ½ MS showed leaves. The average leaf number was 7.5 and 7.4 and the average height was 3.35 cm and 2.98 cm in MS ¼ and MS ½, with a significant difference in height. Germination in sand was 46 % and vigor was of 4.6 days. The technique of in vitro culture in S. fasciculata facilitates the multiplication of this species of high pharmacological value, allowing to increase the percentage of germination and obtain pathogen-free all year seedlings.


Objectives: Violence against women has been associated with serious health and mental health consequences. Health-care professionals play an important role in screening and providing care and support to victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) in the hospital setting. There is no culturally relevant tool to assess the mental health professional (MHP) preparedness to screen for partner violence in the clinical setting. This research aimed towards developing and standardizing scale to measure MHP preparedness and perceived skills in responding to IPV in the clinical setting. Materials and Methods: The scale was field tested with 200 subjects using consecutive sampling at a tertiary care hospital. Results: The exploratory factor analysis resulted in five factors constituting 59.2% of the total variance. The internal consistency Cronbach alpha 0.72 for the final 32-item scale was highly reliable and adequate. Conclusion: The final version of the Preparedness to Respond to IPV (PR-IPV) scale measures MHP PR-IPV in the clinical setting. Further, the scale can be used to evaluate the outcome of IPV interventions in different settings.


Thermoplastic polyester elastomer(TPEE) monofilament was prepared by melt spinning process.The influences of process conditions,including air-cooling distance,draw ratio,method and temperature of heat-setting on elastic recovery of TPEE monofilament were studied.The structure and crystallinity of monofilament were characterized by DSC and X-ray diffraction.The result showed that the elastic recovery of monofilament was increased with the increasing of air-cooling distance and draw ratio.Compared with relaxation heat-setting,the elastic recovery of monofilament by tension heat-setting was better.The elastic recovery of monofilament increased first and then decreased with increasing of the heat-setting temperature.


THE secretions of mucous cells of epithelial surfaces and of their glands, including those in the bronchus, are regarded as glycoprotein in nature and belonging to that group generally known as the epithelial glycoproteins (Gibbons and Mattner, 1966). Epithelial glycoproteins in both man and animals are usually acidic because of their content of sialic acid (Gottschalk, 1960) or sulphate (Gibbons and Mattner) or both sulphate and sialic acid (Kent and Marsden, 1963; Havez et al., 1965).


Objectives While a great deal of research has considered racial disparities in the criminal justice system, empirical research on the American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) population is still in its infancy. Instead, AIAN people are most often grouped in the "other race" category. In this research, we move beyond this categorization and advance research by considering differential handling of AIAN-involved violent crime. Methods We use 2016 NIBRS data—including information on 5,740 AIAN victims and 6,591 AIAN suspects—to examine variation in the likelihood of clearance by arrest and variation in these patterns according to victim race, offender race, and offense type. Results Results indicate that incidents involving AIAN suspects and White victims are especially likely to result in arrest, but incidents involving AIAN suspects and AIAN victims are less likely to result in arrest. AIAN sexual assault victimization is particularly unlikely to result in arrest. Conclusions The AIAN population is both disproportionately arrested when suspected of crime, and disproportionately neglected when victimized. If we wish to better understand the role of race in the criminal justice, it is imperative that we move beyond simple Black-White dichotomies, and begin centering attention on other marginalized populations, including the AIAN population, as well.


Protecting highly sensitive electronics housed inside composite structures against lightning is a real challenge. The direct strike represents the worst-case scenario for composite structures. The electromagnetic field generated by an indirect lightning strike in the vicinity of highly sensitive equipment can cause interference or even damage electronic components. The Military Standard MIL STD – 464A gives some indications about the characteristics of a lightning strike (negative in polarity). A first discharge of 50 to 200kA, called A Pulse followed by two subsequent B & C Pulses. The B Pulse has a current of 2 kA while Pulse C has between 200 and 800 A. A test setup capable to replicate these characteristics is used to perform various tests on structures that replicate radars.


Abstract The criteria required for reliable scale-up of the aerodynamics of spouted bed dryers of grains are stated and discussed. The dryer modeling role for effective scale-up, design and analyses of such dryers will be outlined. Suggestions are made on how small scale drying and aerodynamic data may be scaled up for spouted bed dryers. Appropriate empirical and semi-empirical correlations are listed. A flowchart is provided for design and analysis of a conventional and a two-dimensional spouted bed dryers.


Novel nonvolatile memory behaviors of n-type N,N′-bis(2-phenylethyl)-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (BPE-PTCDI) based organic field-effect transistors (OFET) using the new polyimides (PIs), (poly[9,9-bis(4-(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl)fluorene-oxydiphthalimide]) PI(F-ODPA) and (poly[4,4′-bis(4-amino-3-hydroxyphenylthio)diphenyl sulfide-oxydiphthalimide]) PI(3S-ODPA), and their PI/TiO2 hybrids as electrets are reported. The OFET memory devices derived from PI(F-ODPA) with π-conjugated fluorene moieties exhibited a larger memory window (8.6 V), and could be further enhanced by introducing TiO2 (up to 20 wt%) into the PIs. In addition, PI/TiO2 hybrids as electrets for memory devices also could effectively reduce the operating voltage, indicating that the charge transfer capability of TiO2 plays an important role in transferring and storing the charge for OFET memory devices.


Objective: The aim of this investigation was to prepare orodispersible tablets of meloxicam using various concentrations of superdisintegrants like Ac-DI-Sol, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate by the direct compression method. Methods: Nine formulae of Meloxicam orodispersible tablets were prepared. These tablets were evaluated for their drug content, weight variation, friability, hardness, wetting time, In-vitro disintegration time and drug release. Results: All the formulation exhibited hardness between 4.21–4.55 kg/cm 2 . The tablets were disintegrating within 8.3 to 21.9 sec. Dissolution studies revealed that formula containing 7.5 % sodium starch glycolate showed 100% of drug release, at the end of six minutes. Among the formulated tablets, formula F9 containing 7.5 % sodium starch glycolate showed superior organoleptic properties along with excellent In-vitro disintegration time and drug release as compared to other formulae. The concentration of superdisintegrants had an effect on disintegration time and In-vitro drug dissolution whereas hardness and friability of resulting tablets were found to be independent of disintegrant concentration. It was concluded that the superdisintegrants addition technique is a useful method for preparing orodispersible tablets by the direct compression method.


This new publication from David Lindenmayer and Jerry Franklin has a rather ambitious title, and almost achieves its promise. It undoubtedly would have got even closer if it had been called 'Conserving Temperate Forest Biodiversity'. The authors acknowledge that the bulk of their experience lies within temperate latitudes, and take the view that the general themes and principles have application in other landscapes. In truth, the tropics deserve another book. However, this is a well-written, interesting and informative book for the temperate regions and will be widely used, particularly in university courses. Its excellent use of examples and case studies has great appeal.


Following stem cells (ISCs) regenerate the intestine by proliferating to replace dying cells. ISCs from diverse animals are remarkably similar, and the Wnt, Notch, and Hippo signaling pathways, important regulators of mammalian ISCs, are conserved from flies to humans. Unex-pectedly, we identified the transcription factor period , a component of the circadian clock, to be critical for regeneration, which itself follows a circadian rhythm. We discovered hundreds of transcripts that are regulated by the clock during intestinal regeneration, including components of stress response and regeneration pathways. Disruption of clock components leads to arrhythmic ISC divisions, revealing their underappreciated role in the healing process.


Key Points Question Are emergency department (ED) nonphysician practitioner (NPP) encounters associated with more imaging studies than physician encounters? Findings In this cross-sectional study of 16 922 274 ED visits by Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries in 2005-2020, the presence of NPPs in the ED compared with no NPPs was associated with 5.3% more imaging studies per ED visit. Meaning Use of NPPs in the ED setting appears to be associated with higher imaging use.


ABSTRACT The physicochemical properties of Shengli lignite dewatered by three methods in hot air, microwave, and vacuum conditions were investigated. The effects of drying method on the coal pore structure, surface morphology, surface carbon-containing groups, and moisture readsorption performance of dewatered lignite were studied by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and dynamic water vapor sorption analysis (DVS). The results indicate that a large quantity of semi-open micropores and open-ended mesopores with a slit-like or cylinder shape exist in lignite. The specific surface area and total pore volume value of dewatered lignite decrease as follows: microwave-dried lignite (MD) > vacuum-dried lignite (VD) > hot air–dried lignite (HAD), which is consistent with MIP results. SEM images show that lignite dried by different methods is characterized by varied surface morphology. The XPS results reveal that VD has the highest content of C–C/C–H and the lowest content of C–O, and HAD has a higher content of C–O and a higher surface oxidation degree (α) than MD. In addition, the moisture readsorption capability of the dewatered lignite follows the sequence MD > VD > HAD.


Objective Identify pathogens which causing food poisoning,analysis of genetic relationships among strains and provide the basis for the diagnosis of food poisoning clear. Methods Using quantitative PCR rapid screening,GB4789. 4-2010 method to separate and identify the pathogens. Results From the 16 cake samples detected 8 Salmonella enteritidis,32 stool samples of patients detected 17 Salmonella enteritidis,PCR nucleic acid positive and the GB 4789. 4-2010 method were isolated with the same strains. PFGE banding showed that patients had the same pattern of Salmonella enteritidis with which were detected in cake,and they had high homology. Conclusion This food poisoning from Salmonella enteritidis contamination by the cake. PCR method with the GB 4789. 4-2010 method helps to quickly lock joint detection of food poisoning bacteria. PFGE detected Salmonella enteritidis of the cake and patients were sourced from the same clone. It demonstrate the relevance of food pathogens from genes level.


Fast and accurate fault location detection methods are crucial for power system maintenance crews to isolate permanent faults, which in turn helps to minimize downtime and improve system reliability. Therefore, it is vital from the perspective of power system reliability planners to develop an approach that can quickly detect and locate faults. This paper proposes an approach to locate faults in transmission networks based on machine learning using high-precision data gathered through Real-time Digital Simulators (RTDS). The data-driven machine learning algorithms are provided transient data collected during the fault to reliably predict fault locations, via temporal voltage phasors captured through Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). A Python automated real-time simulation is conducted to simulate hundreds of three-phase fault scenarios considering different loading levels, fault locations, durations, and resistances. To facilitate the data gathering process, a lab-scale data acquisition and storage framework is developed with the integration of RTDS, virtual Phasor Data Concentrator (OpenPDC), and MySQL. The proposed approach is demonstrated through a comprehensive study on the WECC 9-Bus System. A comparative study among different machine learning algorithms is conducted to determine the superior algorithm for fault location detection.


Matsushita resistors have a much smaller heat capacity than Speer resistors, and thus are preferable in some thermometry applications at temperatures below 1 K.


In the past various intervention strategies to control food borne pathogens have been identified for food at the end of processing. Either physical, chemical or biological treatments applied alone or in combination have been studied and proved. Such methods to reduce the number and the prevalence of bacterial contamination of meat surfaces have to be judged according to their advantages and disadvantages. The proposals of the EU-Commission to approve four chemical substances with antimicrobial activity (chlorine dioxide, acidified sodium chlorite, trinatrium phosphate and peroxyacids) were until now not successful. Although the European food hygiene legislation does not prohibit decontamination procedures the use was so far rejected because of a contradiction to the Farm to fork concept was seen.


In frame of Se.C.R.E.T.S. international task Nb/sub 3/Sn strands with 50 and 60% of Cu fraction have been produced and comparative research of their performance (Q, I/sub c/, J/sub c/, RRR, etc.) have been carried out. Strand design and processing were identical. However, the decrease of Cu fraction value has influenced on RRR value as well as Cr-plated and bare strands. By method of subsequent approximation the estimation of diffusion coefficients of Cr into Cu by R275/R20 values of both strands have been carried out. These calculations have shown that Nb/sub 3/Sn strand after reaction at the standard regime (575/spl deg/C 150 h+650/spl deg/C 200 h at 10/sup -5/ Torr) characterized the value of diffusion coefficient /spl sim/10/sup -12/ cm/sup 2//s, that has led to Cr penetration into oxygen free Cu in not more than 40 /spl mu/m of depth. The calculations of RRR integral value versus reaction time and Cu thickness have also been done. The relation of diffusion coefficient and microstructure of Cu-stabilization has been discussed.


We report new 2 cm VLBA images of the inner radio jet of M87 showing a limb-brightened structure and unambiguous evidence for a faint 3 mas long counterfeature which also appears limb brightened. Multiepoch observations of seven separate jet features show typical speeds of less than a few percent of the speed of light, despite the highly asymmetric jet structure and the implications of the canonical relativistic beaming scenario. The observed morphology is consistent with a two-stream spine-sheath velocity gradient across the jet, as might be expected from the recently discovered strong and variable TeV emission as well as from numerical modeling of relativistic jets. Considering the large jet-to-counterjet flux density ratio and lack of observed fast motion in the jet, we conclude that either the inner part of the M87 jet is intrinsically asymmetric or that the bulk plasma flow speed is much greater than any propagation of shocks or other pattern motions.


Erectile dysfunction is the inability to achieve or maintain penile erection, sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance and the prevalence of ED is age dependent and increases with advancing age. The presence of a normal sexual desire and the inability to physically act on that desire affect patients' lives severely, which makes ED a major QOL issue. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of "Tentex Royal" in patients with ED. This study was a prospective, open, non-comparative, phase III clinical trial, and was conducted as per the ethical guidelines of Declaration of Helsinki. A total of 30 patients, who were suffering from ED and who were willing to give informed written consent were included in the study. Patients with ED were included in the study and the patients were selected by giving a list of questionnaire eliciting the sexual activity, viz., "Ability to achieve erections", "Ability to maintain erections", "Frequency of orgasm" and "Satisfaction with sexual relationship". Patients with a history of myocardial infarction, genital anatomical abnormalities, concurrent conditions that would prohibit sexual intercourse and those patients who were not willing to give informed consent were excluded from the study. Similarly, patients consuming specific medications and patients with severe cardiovascular, renal or hepatic impairment were also excluded from the study. All the patients underwent thorough clinical and biochemical examinations. All the patients were advised to consume 2 capsules of "Tentex Royal", once daily, one hour before the sexual intercourse. All the patients were followed up every week and the evaluation of EF domain scores was recorded at the end of every week and the completion of 6 weeks of treatment. The predefined primary efficacy endpoint was increase in the EF scores at the end of 6 weeks and the predefined secondary safety (shortand longterm) endpoints were reduced incidence of adverse events and overall patient compliance to the drug therapy. All the adverse events either reported or observed by the patients were recorded with information about severity, date of onset, duration and action taken regarding the study drug. Relation of adverse events to the study medication was predefined as "Unrelated", "Possible" and "Probable". Statistical analysis was done according to intentto-treat principles. The minimum level of significance was fixed at 99% confidence limit and a two-sided "p" value of <0.001 was considered as significant. There was a significant improvement in the mean score for "Ability to achieve erections" from the 3 week onwards, and a highly significant improvement in "Ability to maintain ABBREVIATIONS BPH : Benign prostatic hyperplasia cGMP : Cyclic 3', 5'-guanosine monophosphate DHEA : Dehydroepiandrosterone ED : Erectile dysfunction EF : Erectile function NO : Nitric oxide QOL : Quality of life


The talent cultivation mode of work-study combination is a generally accepted mode for vocational college education. As accounting is a major of public service, how to effectively carry out its education with work-study combination is the hot topic of educational reform for many vocational colleges and the application- oriented universities in China at present, and it is also one of the bottleneck problems of improving the cultivation quality for talents with applied ability.


Load forecasting represents a crucial topic for the power grid industry. Several activities such as grid expansion planning, generation dispatch and maintenance scheduling depend to a great extent on load behaviour prediction.1-week-ahead load forecasting is typically required for unit commitment and outage scheduling. For this time interval, temperature, and day type (business day / weekend / holiday) are identified as the key explanatory variables.This forecasting activity is typically conducted with a "similar day" approach: weather conditions and day type for the date to be forecasted are identified and then compared to the most similar recent historical observations in order to estimate the peak demand with these historical values.Once the similar days have been identified, the forecasting task is not completely straightforward as several difficulties arise regarding differences in the feature values. Simple and complex approaches could be tried to address these shortcomings.A machine learning approach to address this forecasting task may have the advantage of making the most out of the data when it is tuned to allow for a fair degree of complexity.In this paper a model is developed using the XGBoost algorithm. A set of variables is proposed as features and the model is trained for data covering a period of 12 years. 10-fold cross validation is conducted for parameter tuning.The performance achieved by the prediction model is then compared to that of staff members making their predictions with a traditional similar day approach method. The model achieved a root mean squared error of 289 on the test against 429 corresponding to the average of the predictions carried out by the staff members.


In order to provide continuous cooling at 50 mK for space or laboratory applications, we are designing a miniature adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (MADR) anchored at a reservoir at 5 K. Continuous cooling is obtained by the use of several paramagnetic pills placed in series with heat switches. We aim at a fast cycling process (≈ 500 s) in order to reduce the size of the pills. For that purpose, we developed and tested magnetoresistive heat switches based on single crystals of tungsten. They provide good thermal performance for a very short switching time, depending only on the ramping speed of the magnet used. Magnets for cycling the pills and the heat switches are made from high current density NbTi wires. High permeability materials are used to shield these magnets, which is crucial to minimize stray magnetic fields. The field in the heat switch magnets is maximized using a holmium core. The magnets have been modelled using a numerical simulation. Small magnets(≈ 100 cm3) with an operating field ...


Aim : To compare IOP measurements using GAT and NCT in different IOP ranges (<10, ≥10-25 mm Hg and > 25 mm Hg) and evaluate the effect of CCT on IOP measurements by these techniques. Materials and Methods: IOP was measured by NCT followed by GAT in 188 eyes of 100 glaucoma patients attending glaucoma clinic at Chaithanya Eye Hospital , Trivandrum by a single observer. Mean of three consecutive readings were taken for analysis by both techniques. IOP values were compared in the three IOP ranges (<10, 10-25, >25 mm Hg) between the two techniques. Statistical analysis was done to know whether the two methods were interchangeable across the three IOP ranges. Results: Though good agreement was seen between GAT and NCT, the latter showed a tendency to overestimate IOP in the lower IOP range and underestimate in the normal and high IOP range. Mean values of GAT and NCT showed a statistically significant difference in the normal IOP range (10-25 mm Hg, significance level <0.08). However in the lower and higher ranges, the difference did not reach the level of statistical significance. NCT is more influenced by CCT. To conclude, though NCT has good accuracy and predictability to be used as a screening tool, it is not suitable for situations where accurate assessment of IOP has paramount importance as in glaucoma clinics. Chaithanya Eye Hospital and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram ORIGINAL


Analysis of zinc-polluted soils and the barley plants grown in these soils shows a relatively higher concentration of Cd, Hg, Pb, and As. The average values of Cd, Hg, Pb, and As in soils are 5.9, 0.36, 104, and 4.4 ppm, respectively, and those in barley plants are 1.65, 0.10, 1.20, and 0.12 ppm, respectively. The levels of Se, Cr, and V are, however, in the normal concentration range. Applied zinc has no real effect on the content and uptake of the trace elements concerned in barley. The results indicate that contamination of soils with Cd, Hg, Pb, and possibly As has occurred, and is presently occurring, in this area.


A polypeptide derived from the Salmonella filament protein flagellin with potential radioprotective and anticancer activities. As a toll-like receptor 5 (T LR5) agonist, entolimod binds to and activates T LR5 thereby stimulating tumor necrosis factor production and activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB). T his induces NF-kB-mediated signaling pathways and inhibits the induction of apoptosis. T his may prevent apoptosis in normal, healthy cells during radiotherapy of cancerous cells and may allow for increased doses of ionizing radiation. In addition, entolimod may inhibit radiation-independent proliferation in T LR5-expressing tumor cells. Qeios · Definition, February 8, 2020


OBJECTIVE To determine the concentration of inosine in inosine injection.METHODS Nucleoside phosporylase and xanthine oxidase was co immobilized at a hydrogen peroxide electrode,the enzyme electrode was used for the amperometric determination of inosine in its injection.RESULTS The correlation coefficient of the results between enzyme electrode and paper chromatography UV method was 0.7391.CONCLUSION Inosine in inosine injection could be determined specifically,rapidly and inexpensively with enzyme electrode.


PRACTICE NURSES were left un-prepared last week after it emerged that the government is to introduce a new five-in-one jab for children.


Due to government initiatives, many solar photovoltaic (PV) power plants of different sizes will be set up in India in the near future. In this context, the performance of a 60 kWp PV power plant is discussed in this paper which is installed at National Institute of Technology (a centrally funded institute of Government of India), Agartala, located in a small state (Tripura) of North East India where supply of grid electricity is a critical issue. This article examines the various parameters for performance prediction of this solar power plant.


The present invention relates to the dispensing of contents from the container filled with the contents of a single part. The container preferably comprises a preformed deformable body, consisting of a sheet material, and the body has a filling cavity is formed, the body is provided with a flat circumferential rim integrally formed surrounding the opening and the opening, the opening and is closed by a cover sheet, the cover sheet is sealed to the circumferential rim by a circumferential sealing seam. Thereby opening the container filled with contents by using the deformability of the cover sheet. The support surface in the position other than the concave portion to support the cover sheet. The concave portion is located at least over part of the circumferential sealing seam. Compressing a body of the container and the sealing seam is broken at the position and the contents are pressed into the covering sheet is expanded recess expansion section is formed, so that the container is opened.


It is widely recognized that non-destructive measurement at high resolution of the DC current of high-energy heavy-ion beams is important. Therefore, a high critical temperature (HTc) superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) beam current monitor has been developed for use in the radioactive isotope beam factory (RIBF) at RIKEN in Japan. Unlike at other existing facilities, a low-vibration, pulse-tube refrigerator cools the HTc fabrications including the SQUID in such a way that the size of the system is reduced and the running costs are lowered. As a result, using a prototype of the HTc SQUID monitor, the intensity of a 4 μA Xe beam (10.8 MeV/u) was successfully measured with 100 nA resolution. Furthermore, since higher resolution is necessary, development of an improved HTc current sensor with two coils has begun. A spaying machine was developed to fabricate the new HTc current sensor by dip-coating a thin layer of Bi2-Sr2-Ca2-Cu3-Ox (Bi-2223) onto a 99.7% MgO ceramic substrate. Results from a new HTc current sensor produced using this machine are reported here. 高温超伝導電流センサーと SQUIDを用いたビーム電流モニターの高感度化


Bioluminescence images of nutrient rich liquid cultures of lux-gene reporter Escherichia coli were recorded for several hours after being placed into small diameter cylindrical containers (glass tubes and microtiter plate wells). It was found that luminous cells distribute near the three-phase contact line forming an irregular array of clumps, channels and plumes at the solid–liquid interface. The experimentally observed quasi-2-dimensional spatiotemporal patterns ('venation patterns') were simulated fairly well by the mean field Keller–Segel equations of chemotactic aggregation. The equations use a logistic cell growth term whose carrying capacity depends on oxygen concentration. The experimental and numerical results are interpreted as follows: (1) the patterns of bioluminescence form due to arrested phase separation in the culture; (2) the luminous phase formed along the upper part of the solid–liquid interface is a weak gel-like network of metabolically active bacteria which exhibit ligand–receptor type cell–cell adhesion and high rates of oxidative phosphorylation; (3) active bacteria in this gel can be viewed as self-generated Janus particles, i.e., polarized particles whose surface is divided into two chemically varying regions, the adhering region and the non-adhering region; (4) the life-time of the metabolically active bacterium (living Janus particle) in the weak gel phase is estimated to be ∼25 s; (5) the observed network of luminous bacteria can be viewed as a biofilm, in which bacteria move due to self-phoresis by generating pH gradients via metabolic reactions; and (6) the reversible clustering of cells near interfaces is attributed to the bacterial energy-taxis phenomenon.


A finite difference technique was used to model photorefractive grating formations under conditions of moving gratings and large modulation. These results were generalized through analytical expressions which approximate the numerical solutions.


We present a classification and comparison of river floodplains using an ecological, multifactor approach integrating physiography, hydrology, soil, and vegetation within a relatively homogenous macroclimate. Aerial photographs and field reconnaissance were used to locate 22 river valley transects along nine major rivers in the Manistee National Forest, northwestern Lower Michigan. Distinct ecosystems along each transect were sampled extensively. Twenty-three floodplain ecosystem types were identified and classified primarily on the basis of physiographic systems and fluvial landforms within a regional context. Physiographic systems are broad-scale, surficial landforms characterized by distinctive form, parent material, soil, hydrologic regimes, and vegetation. We examined landscape ecosystem differences between different physiographic systems, within a physiographic system, and on a single fluvial landform. Different physiographic systems have different kinds and patterns of floodplain ecosystems in successive valley segments along a river. Within a physiographic system, the physiographic position of different fluvial landforms and ecosystem types within a single fluvial landform leads to marked ecosystem diversity laterally away from the river. The results indicate that physiography is an important determinant of floodplain ecosystem diversity and that an ecological, multifactor approach is useful in distinguishing floodplain ecosystems at multiple scales within a regional context. Resume : Les auteurs presentent une classification et une comparaison des plaines fluviales inondables, utilisant une approche ecologique multifactorielle qui integre, a l'interieur des limites d'un macroclimat relativement homogene, physiographie, hydrologie, sol et vegetation. Ils ont utilise des photographies aeriennes et la reconnaissance au sol pour localiser 22 transects de vallees, le long de neuf rivieres importantes de la foret nationale Manistee, situee dans le nord-ouest du Bas Michigan. Des ecosystemes distincts, situes le long de chaque transect, ont ete echantillonnes de facon intensive. Vingt-trois types d'ecosystemes des plaines inondables ont ete identifies et classifies, a l'interieur des limites d'un contexte regional, principalement sur la base des systemes physiographiques et des types geomorphologiques fluviaux. Les systemes physiographiques sont des types de depots de surface, a grande echelle, caracterises par une forme, un materiel parental, un sol, des regimes hydrologiques et une vegetation distincts. Les auteurs ont examine les differences d'un ecosysteme paysager, entre les differents systemes physiographiques, a l'interieur d'un systeme physiographique, et dans le cas d'un type geomorphologique fluvial unique. Le long d'une riviere, dans les segments successifs d'une vallee, les differents systemes physiographiques ont differents types et patrons d'ecosystemes des plaines inondables. A l'interieur d'un systeme physiographique, la position physiographique des differents types geomorphologiques fluviaux, et celle des types d'ecosystemes a l'interieur d'un meme type geomorphologique fluvial, menent a une diversite ecosystemique laterale marquee, a mesure qu'on s'eloigne de la riviere. Les resultats indiquent que la physiographie est un facteur determinant important de la diversite de l'ecosysteme des plaines inondables et, qu'a l'interieur d'un contexte regional, une approche ecologique multifactorielle est utile pour distinguer les ecosystemes des plaines inondables, a plusieurs echelles. (Traduit par la Redaction) Baker and Barnes 1418


Compressional velocity was measured by the transit time technique in a sample of westerly granite, to 7 kb and 300/sup 0/C. Compressional velocity and shear velocity were measured simultaneously in a second sample to 6 kb and 200/sup 0/C. Velocity, temperature derivatives and pressure derivatives (uncorrected for length changes) at 20/sup 0/ and 4 kb are given. Compressional and shear velocities at room temperature agree with previously reported work, but derivatives of velocity show considerable variation from author to author. As a consequence, estimates of critical thermal gradients may vary by nearly an order of magnitude for dry granitic crust.


Administration major in colleges and universities obtained the rapid development in recent years. In order to adapt to the situation development, many local colleges opened its applied administration major. But it is still under exploration to build and train talent for the practical administration major.


A physics-based approach to gamma-ray response-function generation is presented in which the response of CdZnTe detectors is modeled from first principles. Numerical modeling is used to generate response functions needed for spectrum analysis for general detector configurations (e.g., electrode design, detector materials and geometry, and operating conditions). With numerical modeling, requirements for calibration and characterization are significantly reduced. Elements of the physics-based model, including gamma-ray transport, charge carrier drift and diffusion, and circuit response, are presented. Calculated and experimental gamma-ray spectra are compared for a coplanar-grid CdZnTe detector.


The pharmacotherapy advice contained in the 'Multidisciplinaire Richtlijn Schizofrenie 2005' (abbreviated to MDRS 2005 and translated as the Dutch Multidisciplinary Schizophrenia Guideline) is compared with the advice given in the 'Farmacotherapeutisch Kompas 2005' (abbreviated to FTK 2005 and translated as the Pharmacotherapy Compass 2005) and with international guidelines. FTK 2005, which is the Dutch National Health Insurance Formularium, recommends that treatment should start with a conventional (first-generation) antipsychotic, namely haloperidol. International guidelines, however, advise starting with an atypical (second-generation) antipsychotic. MDRS 2005 suggests that the pros and cons of the medication should be discussed with the patient and that the choice of drug should be based on the outcome of this discussion. Ifthat discussion becomes problematical then, according to MD RS 2005, it is advisable


Differentiation of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells was enhanced in patients with acute asthma exacerbation, but their associations with the expression of B cells and IgE level were not clear. In this study, we aimed to explore the correlations between Tfh cells and B cells, as well as plasma lgE, IgG1 levels. Peripheral blood samples were collected from forty-two patients with acute exacerbation and forty-eight matched controls. Tfh cells (CD4+CXCR5+) and B cells (CD19+) were examined by flow cytometry, while plasma IgE, IgG1 and IL-21 level were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The percentage of Tfh cells (P<0.001), B cells (P<0.001) in peripheral blood, plasma IgE (P<0.001), IgG1 (P<0.001) and IL-21 (P<0.001) levels were all increased in patients with acute asthma exacerbation compared with health controls. The percentage of Tfh cells was associated with B cells (r=0.514, P<0.001) and plasma IgE level (r=0.620, P<0.001), while no significant correlation between the percentage of Tfh Cells and IgG1 (r=0.255, P=0.103) in asthma patients with acute exacerbation was observed. Similarly, plasma IL-21 level was associated with B cells (r=0.831, P<0.001) plasma lgE level (r=0.324, P=0.036), with no significant correlation between the plasma level of IL-21 and IgG1 (r=0.207, P=0.188) in asthma patients with acute exacerbation. Tfh cells may participate in the airway inflammation reaction through promoting the differentiation and IgE class switching of B cells in asthma patients with acute exacerbation.


The purpose of this paper is to discribe the analytical and experimental approach to aid designing and developing the automotive air conditioning condensers. Some mathematical models of parallel flow condensers used in automotive air conditioning systems have been developed for the prediction of their performance under operating conditions. Using HFC-134a as refrigerant, heat rejection rate, pressure drops and outlet temperature are obtained for different air velocities and refrigerant mass flow rates. The agreement between the analytical solutions and experimental data is shown to be good. To know the characteristics of the performance for 6-different condensers was tested under same operating conditions. In this experiments, we have found that heat rejection rate and pressure drops can be described as 2nd order polynomial formulas of air velocitis and refrigerant mass flow rate. The data measured the performance in each condensers are useful for achieving optimum design of condenser geometries.


The objective is to test the consistency of measurement and structural properties in a model of corporate codes of ethics (CCE) on an aggregated level and across multiple samples derived from three countries, namely Australia, Canada and the USA. The properties of four constructs of CCE are described and tested, these being: surveillance/training, internal communication, external communication, and guidance. The conclusion is that the measurement and structural models on an aggregated level have a satisfactory fit, validity and reliability. Furthermore, they are consistent when tested on each of the three samples (i.e. cross-validated). The cross-cultural model makes a contribution in addition to previous mostly descriptive studies and theory in the field using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling.


Various peach cultivars namely Flordasun, Matchless, Safeda, Peshawarigola, Sunred and Sharbati grown in a varietal trial at Fruit Research Station, Bhatinda, displayed deficiency symptoms. In order to ascertain the deficiency/excess of any nutrient, the leaf analyses study both for macro as well as micro-nutrients in various cultivars and at verying degree of deficiency, were carried out. Phosphorus was found to be deficient in all the cultivars, except Sunred, and the contents were significantly (P = 0.01) low in severely deficient leaves. N and K were not affected with the P deficiency. However Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu Fe and Mr were found to be accumulated in the severely deficient leaves. The results have been discussed with the help of soil analyses values of the orchards.


Men's health has been receiving increasing attention in recent years, both in the media and in academic literature. In February 1998 a British Sunday newspaper, The Mail on Sunday, ran a three-week special feature on 'A woman's guide to men's health'. Linguistic representations of health in popular media are revealing of social concerns regarding both the control of health and health care, therefore we critically analysed these texts using post-structuralist, discourse analytic techniques. Men's health was constructed as 'in crisis' and men tended to be aligned with culture (and work) and women with nature (and health). Paradoxically, certain traditional gender dichotomies were both challenged and reinforced within the texts. However, within the five patterns of discourse we identified (men's health in crisis, woman as nature/man as culture, the risk-taking superhero, man as infant and health for productivity), women's current position in society was negatively portrayed and functioned to persuade women that it is in their interests to be responsible for men's health, although without taking overt control. We conclude that the main representations of men's health for women in this series reinforce unequal social relations which does little to benefit women or men.


We will discuss our work to build, characterize, and scale- up a metallized plastic muscle-like actuator called a Spiral Wound Transducer (SWT). Prototype SWTs have been built using microelectronics fabrication methods. The prototypes have demonstrated large amplitude motion and analog response. The prototypes, though small, have demonstrated forces equivalent to 12 grams for compressions of more than 15 percent at 30 Hz. The size of the SWTs is essentially unrestricted. Our work with commercially available metallized Mylar films to produce much larger, more powerful, and lower cost SWT devices will also be discussed.


We investigated immune response and oxidative stress in adolescent subjects with varying severities of mood disorders. To assess immune response we measured the profile of immunomodulatory vitamin D, cytokines monocyte chemotactic protein‐1 (MCP‐1) and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), as well as their transcriptional regulator nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐kB) in patients' serum. Although the markers of inflammation were not significantly different between groups, there appears to be an inverse trend (mean non‐mood 136.19±37.61 versus severe mood 110.76±43.77, p=0.20) between severity of mood disorders and NF‐kB activation. Similarly, MCP‐1 and IL‐6 levels tend to decrease with increasing severity of mood disorder. Obesity measured by BMI significantly correlates with serum IL‐6 levels (r=0.29, p=0.02). There was a significant inverse correlation between BMI of subjects and vitamin D (r=‐0.40, p=0.001) and a significant inverse correlation between vitamin D and IL‐6 (r=‐0.28, p=0.03). There was a significant correlation between vitamin D level and anti‐oxLDL (r=0.28, p=0.03) and a positive trend between vitamin D and MCP‐1 levels (r=0.23, p=0.07). Our findings suggest that lower vitamin D levels are associated with higher BMI in mood disorder patients. The elevated BMI is associated with higher adipose tissue mass producing IL‐6 which possibly leads to higher serum IL‐6 levels. This response appears to be counteracted by vitamin D. Groups affected by varying severity of mood disorders have no pronounced difference in immune response measured by several factors, although groups with the same diagnosis may yield a different a result.


The paper presents a novel method for Stegnography which embed a secret image with high security in a cover image. The security is maintained by a three level encryption technique. It uses a simple Least Significant bit encoding process on the green plane of color image for lossless decoding followed by robust encryption. In the first stage of encryption two shares are generated after LSB encoding, followed by a secret key encryption and then column permutation performed on a 4x4 block of the shares. Two independent shares are generated based on the odd and even indexed bits of the 8 bit binary value for each pixel. The visual quality of the image after hiding the secret image is preserved. The decryption and the decoding process are able to recover the secret image without any loss of information. The Mean squared error and Peak signal to noise ratio are significant for only the green plane of the cover image.


A significant effect of hospital case volume on perioperative mortality has been documented for a variety of malignancies that require technically challenging operative procedures and complex perioperative management. The effect of case volume on outcome is less clear for the more common cancers, such as breast and colon cancers, that are less technically challenging and require little in the way of specialized care in the postoperative period. For these cancers perioperative mortality is minimal and one must look at other end points such as long-term survival and functional results. The literature demonstrating improved outcomes in terms of mammographical sensitivity, breast-conservation rates, specimen to tumour volume ratios in breast-conserving surgery, sentinel node biopsy success rates, and 5-year survival is reviewed.


: The article focuses on explaining the essence of the pedagogical accompaniment in the educational process in the autonomous space of relational awareness, educator – pupil. It deals with the subject of understanding the spiritual dimension and its influence on the shaping of the process towards independence, self-determination of the pupil, in which the personal dignity of the human being is inscribed. The presence of two interpretations – anthropological and spiritual, enriches the understanding of the human being also in relation to the Transcendent – God. It discusses the issue of a crucial relationship between personalism and religious upbringing, which influences the shaping of the pupil's moral and ethical attitudes. It is a call to educate in a spirit that understands people who can act differently, , without evaluating and giving stereotypical patterns of their perception. Incorporating the neurodiversity perspective in the world of neurodiversity introduces the context of otherwise proficient human understanding not in the area of medicalization but in the area of socio-cultural-philosophical nature.


This research is based on the importance of employee job satisfaction in achieving company goals. Factors that can affect employee job satisfaction include Work Life Balance & Reward System. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Work Life Balance and Reward System on employee job satisfaction PT. Telkom Access City of Bengkulu. This research uses a quantitative approach. Quantitative research methods are systematic, structured, and organized research from the beginning to the end of their research. The population in this study is an employee of PT. Telkom Access Bengkulu City and sampling using the Saturated Sample method


In this paper, two models for dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with frequency reconfigurable capabilities are investigated. The frequency agility is achieved via integrating ideal switches with the DRA structure employed for microwave applications. The first model investigates the integration of five switches on the DRA surface to connect the printed metallic ring and the ground plane. The resonance frequency and the impedance matching bandwidth are controled by the combination of the switches states to be ON and OFF. The resonance frequency is varied from 9.7 GHz to 11.5 GHz with 190 MHz bandwidth. In the second model a conducting plate is printed on the top of the DRA and eight metallic switches connect it with the ground through eight metallic strips. The reconfigurable frequency of the antenna is changed from 6.2 GHz to 8.08 GHz. A full-wave analysis is used to model and analyze the radiation characterstics of the antenna structure. A time domain based finite integral technique (FIT) and frequency domain finite element method (FEM) are employed.


The fluorochrome FITC-dextran was used to measure the effect of light on the apoplastic pH of intact Vicia faba leaves with the ratio imaging technique. In darkadapted leaves the apoplastic pH varied depending on the leaf between 5.2 and 5.9. Red light (660 nm, 4-12 W m −2 ) leads to multiphasic responses: in the first seconds an alkalinization (∼ 0.3 pH units), and thereafter an acidification of the leaf apoplast (∼ 0.4 pH units) were observed. Both effects could be inhibited by DCMU. While variation of CO 2 concentration revealed no effect on light-induced apoplastic pH changes, a decrease in O 2 concentration decreased the effect. On the basis of our data it is suggested that the influence of photosynthesis on plasmalemma H + ATPase is responsible for the observed effects, rather than altered CO 2 uptake


The chapter introduces a post-doctoral project which involves the design, implementation, and evaluation of an online continuing professional development program, adhering to a multimodal literacy teaching paradigm, in order to accommodate for inclusive education. The proposed research is based on the development of multiliteracies affinity practice (MAP) framework, an innovative framework drawing on the creative overlap of multiliteracies pedagogy of the New London Group, the learning by design model adapted from Cope and Kalantzis, and Gee's affinity spaces theory. A design-based research (DBR) methodology was utilized to embark on the research through three phases: the preliminary phase, the prototyping phase, and the assessment phase. Based on the preliminary formative evaluation of the implementation of the MAP framework that draws on Guskey's five levels of evaluating teachers' professional development, it is evident that the online professional development program enabled participants to enhance their literacy teaching practices for inclusive teaching.


Based on the control theory of sliding mode change-structure, a design method of the speed regulator was presented in this paper. The speed regulator consists of sliding mode controller and integral mode. Through reasonable selecting of function gradient C, ratio coefficient Ψ1 and integral coefficient Ψ2 of regulator, and interrelated parameter α1, α2 and β1, β2, the control theory of sliding mode change-structure in AC servo system with position, speed and current closed-loop structure was constituted. There are a lot of advantages of non-overshoot, faster response, better robustness and higher accuracy in the system. The simulation experiment made with Matlab 5.0 is introduced.


The 1988 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for endometrial carcinoma defined Stage IB as disease with invasion of less than one‐half of the myometrium, although most of the data on prognostic factors are based on invasion of the inner one‐third, middle one‐third, or outer one‐third of the myometrium. The objective of this study was to determine whether the depth of myometrial invasion is correlated with outcome in patients with Stage IB endometrial carcinoma.


Objectives: Although, the association between mental health and obesity has been reported in different studies, the relationship between dietary carbohydrate intake and mental health is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of a diet (low in carbohydrate and high protein) along with aerobic exercise on mental health in obese individuals. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 obese women (20 - 35 years; 80 - 100 kg, 160 ± 5.1 cm and body mass index (above 30) who lived in Qazvin, Iran were selected voluntarily. Dietary intakes during the past one- month was assessed using a quantitative questionnaire on food frequency. Additionally, Beck Anxiety Inventory was used to monitor the rate of depression. Subjects were then randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a balanced diet that was low in carbohydrates and high in protein based on the calculation of their metabolism, while at the same time engaging in aerobic exercise (walking) for 8 weeks with 75% of the maximum heart rate. Control group did not receive any intervention during the study period. The aerobic program was performed for eight weeks (4 sessions per week and 50 minutes per session). Results: The results showed that the rate of depression was significantly improved in experimental group (P = 0.001), however, no significant change was found for control group (P = 0.17) Conclusions: The present study showed that a low carb and high protein diet is positively associated with mental health improvement (anxiety, stress and depression).


In this paper a Linux based framework of a TCP/IP emulator is introduced. Several advantages can be noted. Firstly, the maintenance of large numbers of processors is unnecessary. Secondly, compared with simulators constructed with conceptual codes, our emulator framework makes it possible to test the interaction and behaviour of TCP/IP in real Linux network environments. Thirdly, the wired network is fully controlled by a single processor enabling us to separate TCP/IP behaviour over the wireless network, which helps distinguish performance functions that occur due to noisy wireless links. The framework was tested on two Linux processors over an IEEE802.11b wireless link. The simulations show that the complex topology of the heterogeneous network was "realistically" constructed.


Thanks IF NOWHERE ELSE, on this page the last must be the first. The greatest contribution to this work has been made by those with the least resources—poor people in Mamire and Mutuka who spent so much of their precious time with me. Although not knowing how to feed and clothe their children, they in fact utterly seldom asked me for assistance— this is still a mystery to me. My work in Mamire and Mutuka could never have been accomplished without the support of Bw. Issa Kaiza, a most dedicated and knowledgeable extension officer. Other people in Mamire and Mutuka who have contributed a lot are Mzee Bariye Aray, Mzee Isara, Mzee Bura and all village leaders and ten-cell leaders in the two villages. Thanks also to my good friends and colleagues in the field: Henry Kessy, a teacher by profession, who also struggled indefatigably to improve my Swahili, Fabiano Luciano, from Mutuka, and Abdinasir Hosh, from Babati. Many thanks also to my friends in Babati, Ally Msuya and Calyst Kavishe, and their families, and to the staff at LAMP and Orgut Support Office. Loiske and Wilhelm Östberg who contributed to the study both in Tanzania and in Sweden. Food, shelter and philosophical discussions were provided in Arusha and Kinna by Bo Fredriksson. Peter Westman started this by inviting me to see " the worlds most interesting road crossing ". Thank you for that. I thank friends and colleagues in Sweden: my supervisor Gerolf Nauwerck did the layout and Ola Bergqvist provided computer assistance—with maps and breakdowns (caused by me—solved by Ola). The final checking of my language was done by Monica Ahlström. My parents David and Barbro and my brothers Mikael and Stefan have provided me with a solid and warm support, and have read and commented upon the manuscript. It was from the very beginning clear that my work would in several respects be critical of aspects of present trends in Babati District, for which political leaders and civil servants in the district naturally must take some responsibility. Still, I did not, on any single occasion, experience anything but helpfulness, concern and encouragement in my frequent meetings with district officials. This makes me feel not only grateful but also optimistic about the future of Babati District. A lot of people have hence contributed to this work. Mistakes are mine alone, though.


Discrepancy of results of ABO groups between red cell testing and serum testing is a significant issue in transfusion medicine1. One of its reported causes is blood chimerism, which shows mixed-field agglutination. However, mixed-field agglutination can be seen in various situations, including ABO-incompatible stem cell transplantation, recent transfusions of type-O red blood cells in a non-O recipient, and rare ABO subgroups such as B3 and chimera. Several molecular approaches have been employed to identify chimerism, namely ABO genotyping, human leucocyte antigen typing and DNA short tandem repeat assays2. These methods can typically detect three or more alleles of a chimera. However, some chimeras with a minor allele population might be overlooked because of preferential amplification of the major allele during ordinary polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis.

We report a case of blood chimerism in which B red cells accounted for less than 1% of the whole population. The B allele in peripheral blood mononuclear cells could not be identified by direct sequencing of ordinary PCR product involving exons 6 and 7 of the ABO gene, but was revealed using peptide nucleic acid (PNA)-mediated PCR clamping.


Metallographic and x-ray investigations of phase equilibria at 1000 and 1700 deg C U-C, Th-C, and U-Th-C using pressure-sintered and vacuum anealed specimens were made. Lattice parameters and thermodynamic stability of carbide phases are described. (Rev. Metal Lit., 19: No. 4, Apr. 1962)


List of Advisory Editors. List of Contributors. Introduction. A Z Entries. Appendix A: Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora. Appendix B: Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals. Appendix C: Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. Appendix D: Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. Appendix E: Text of the Antarctic Treaty. Further reading. Study Guide: Climate and Life. Study Guide: Exploration. Study Guide: Geography. Study Guide: Geology and Glaciology. Study Guide: Information Sources. Study Guide: National Interests in Antarctica. Study Guide: Protected Areas under the Antarctic Treaty. Study Guide: Southern Oceans and Islands. A Z Listing of Encyclopedia Entries.


This paper presents the results of participation in the Technical Operation Teams of the National University of Tucuman to the effects of the treatment of the Law 26160 and the Territorial Survey. The reflections that are turning here come from research of long standing in the NOA region from the perspective of Social Psychology.


[Preview] The incorporation of charterparty terms by general words is a particular instance of contractual interpretation, principally of the contract into which the terms are to be incorporated. In Rainy Sky SA v Kookmin Bank, Lord Clarke of Stone-cum-Ebony JSC, summarising the effect of earlier decisions, emphasised that "... the exercise of construction is essentially one unitary exercise in which the court must consider the language used and ascertain what a reasonable person, that is a person who has all the background knowledge which would reasonably have been available to the parties in the situation in which they were at the time of the contract, would have understood the parties to have meant …." Though, "[where] the parties have used unambiguous language, the court must apply it", Lord Clarke continue3: "If there are two possible constructions, the court is entitled to prefer the construction which is consistent with business common sense and to reject the other." Though one might perhaps doubt the utility, in particular situations, of general statements of this type, Lord Clarke's preference has immediate application where there is genuine ambiguity, and only one interpretation which is consistent with business common sense. It seems reasonable to suppose that ambiguity includes the use of phrases the legal effect of which is uncertain. The real value of Rainy Sky, though, is to remind us that detailed traditional rules must always be judged against "the ultimate aim of interpreting a provision in a contract". To the extent that they do not, the technical rules should surely give way. In a similar vein, general statements in the Privy Council (this time in Attorney General of Belize v Belize Telecom Ltd) on the implication of terms into a contract, even if they might have little effect on the actual implication of terms into commercial contracts in particular situations, at least guard against treating "alternative [traditional] formulations of the question as if they had a life of their own". The detailed traditional rules are the servants, not the masters, of the general principle.


From the Publisher:
* Designed for both professionals and hobbyists, this is the most complete book on creating sophisticated games with Macromedia Flash MX
* Shows readers how to harness the full potential of Flash MX and Flash ActionScript
* Provides hands-on advice for creating commercial games, as well as games to boost a Web site's "stickiness," perk up presentations, or enhance educational materials
* Explains the tools, scripts, and other building blocks of Flash games tools and then shows how to put them together
* Companion Web site includes all source code and game artwork from the book as well as links to free game development tools and product trials


At present there is expanding requests of high power component and low total harmonic distortion (THD) in the current drawn from the source. Additionally there is a necessity of good power quality. Striking endeavors have been made for the improvement of the PFC converters. This paper aims to improve the power factor near to unity by using Fly Back Topology and Boost topology. Fly Back topology is called an isolated topology due to the use of transformer. It begins with simple circuits with a gradual increase in complexity by inclusion of new components and their subsequent effects on the current and voltage waveforms. The advantages of this method are fast response time, absence of switching problem and correction of power factor efficiently


Abstract Despite problems of validity, self-report measurements are used in clinical practice and research. The aim here was to compare self-ratings by adolescent males who had sexually offended with assessments of the same adolescents made by professionals. Results of two self-report questionnaires were compared with staff estimates. It was assumed that observability of behaviour, social desirability of the adolescents' responses, intellectual difficulties and the presence of neuropsychiatric problems would affect the level of agreement between participant and professional responses. Agreement between staff estimates and self-ratings was generally low. However, some results supported the assumptions: i.e. higher levels of agreement on observable behaviour, higher levels of agreement for adolescents scoring low on social desirability and, most obviously, lower levels of agreement for boys with neuropsychiatric diagnoses. Discrepancies between what adolescents say about themselves through self-ratings and how professionals perceive them cause problems in assessments that rely on self-rating measurements.


Electronic collimator positron emission tomography (ECPET) is outlined for different classes of coincidence events. It is shown that for 4 fold coincidences the system is essentially equivalent to Llacer-Cho PET. It reduces for two fold coincidences to standard PET. For three fold coincidences the system reduces two different modes of PET operation, each more sensitive in terms of counting efficiency but less precise than Llacer, Cho and less sensitive but more precise than standard PET.


Adjustment to the new environment occurs both internally and externally, so students who can make adjustments gradually will be able to avoid the impact of psychological culture shock. The purpose of this research is to analyze the relationship of culture shock and adjustment to the first year student learning outcomes at Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research with correlational study to determine whether there is a relationship between culture shock and student learning outcomes. Instrument of research data used is questionnaire to test culture shock with four likert scale answer option. Statistical test data obtained r = -0,217 and probability value (Sig. 2-tailed) = 0,054. The conclusion, negative correlation with probability value >0,05 then there is no relation between culture shock with student learning outcomes.


The overhead transmission overhead line is a vital elements in the power system for transmitting the electrical energy. Thus, speed and accuracy in fault detection and classification of disturbances in overhead transmission line have very important role in the power system. In the conventional algorithm, alpha and beta (mode) currents generated by Clarke's transformation are utilized to convert the signal of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) to obtain the Wavelet Transform Coefficient (WTC) and the Wavelet Coefficient Energy (WCE). This study introduces a new algorithm, called Modified Clarke for fault detection and classification using DWT and Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) based on Clarke's transformation on overhead transmission line by adding gamma current in the system. Daubechies4 is used as a mother wavelet to decompose the high frequency components of the error signal. Simulation is performed using PSCAD/EMTDC transmission system modelling and carried out at different locations along the transmission line with different types of fault, fault resistances, fault locations and fault of the initial angle on a given power system model. The simulated fault types in the study are Single Line to Ground, Line To Line, Double Line to Ground and Three Phases. There are four statistic methods utilized to determine the accuracy of detection and classification of faults. Results show that the best and the worst structures of BPNN occurred on the configuration of 12-24-48-4 and 12-12-6-4, respectively. The Error Mean Square of Clarke's, Without Clarke's and Modified Clarke's are 0.05862, 0.05513 and 0.03721 which are the best, respectively, whereas, the worst are 0.06387, 0.0753 and 0.052, respectively. This indicates that the Modified Clarke's result is in the lowest error. The method is successfully implemented which can be utilized in the detection and classification of fault in transmission line by utilities and power regulator in power system planning and operation.


This paper gives a general discussion on traffic management concepts briefly looking at how the evolution of these concepts in Europe can be characterized by studying both the crises and the solutions. The author suggests focus on three areas: 1) acquisition of local traffic related data by local systems, 2) local data management and processing, and, 3) interoperability and networking applications.


Socially-aware navigation seeks to codify the rules of human-human and human-robot proxemics using formal planning algorithms. However, the rules that define these proxemic systems are highly sensitive to a variety of contextual factors. Recently, human proxemic norms have been heavily influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the guidelines put forth by the CDC and WHO encouraging people to maintain six feet of social distance. In this paper, we present a study of observer perceptions of a robot that not only follows this social distancing norm, but also leverages it to implicitly communicate disapproval of norm-violating behavior. Our results show that people can relate a robot's social navigation behavior to COVID safety protocols, and view robots that navigate in this way as more socially intelligent and safe.


During last two decades the increasing availability of remotely sensed acquisitions in the thermal infrared part of the spectrum has encouraged hydrologist community to develop models and methodologies based on these kind of data. The aim of this paper is to compare three methods developed to assess the actual evapotranspiration spatial distribution by means of remote sensing data. The comparison was focused on the differences between the "single" (SEBAL) and "two" source (TSEB) surface energy balance approaches and the S-SEBI semi-empirical method. The first assumes a semiempirical internal calibration for the sensible heat flux assessment; the second uses a physically based approach in order to assess separately the soil and vegetation fluxes. Finally, the last one is based on the correlation between albedo and surface temperature for evaporative fraction estimations. The models were applied using 7 high resolution images, collected by an airborne platform between June and October 2008, approximately every 3 weeks. The acquired data include multi-spectral images (red, green and near infrared) and thermal infrared images for surface temperature estimation. The study area, located in the south-west cost of Sicily (Italy), is characterised by the presence of typical Mediterranean cultivations: olive, vineyard and citrus. Due to irrigation supplies and rainfall events, the water availability for the crops varies in time and this allowed to perform the comparison in a wide range of the modelled variables. Additionally, the availability of high spatial resolution images allowed the testing of the models performances at field scale despite the high vegetation fragmentation of the study area. The comparison of models performance highlights a good agreements of model estimations, analyzed by means of MAD (Mean Absolute Differences) and MAPD (Mean Absolute Percent Differences) indices, especially in terms of study area averaged fluxes. The analysis in correspondence of various crop fields highlights higher differences for low vegetation coverage and for scarce water availability.


An employee's career can be significantly affected by the decision to provide unpaid care to a family member or friend with a disability. Using a sample of 708 employees with unpaid non-work caregi...


The size distribution of oxide precipitates in Czochralski silicon has been determined using a bright field infrared laser interferometer (optical precipitate profiler, OPP) on two-step annealed wafers (750°C/t hr + 1050°C/16 hr in N 2 ) with and without a high temperature dissolution annealing (1250°C/1hr in Ar). Size distributions obtained from OPP,f OPP were compared with those determined with transmission electron microscopy observations, f TEM in terms of equivalent radius, r eq , which is a radius of a sphere whose volume is identical to that of a precipitate. An excellent agreement between f OPP (r eq ) and f TEM (r eq ) indicates that precipitate size distributions from OPP signals are independent of precipitate morphology and only dependent on precipitate volume. For wafers without the dissolution annealing, backward narrowing is observed, i.e., the size distribution becomes narrower with a smaller mean size, with increasing the length of the 750°C treatment.


Unpredictable renewable energy sources have recently increased their presence in electrical networks. Their penetration level could cause increased energy imbalances due to the difficulties in planning correct injection schedules. In Italy a novel resolution with regard to imbalance costs for generating plants, including renewables, has been released. In this paper the economic impact of this resolution is analyzed even if it was recently abrogated. A real wind power plant in combination with an energy storage system is studied. The paper investigates the imbalance costs or revenues for renewable power plant owners with or without energy storage systems having different sizes. A new managing approach with real-time zonal market status knowledge is also discussed.


During the last 20 years, Argentina experienced several extreme and widespread droughts in many different regions, including the core cropland areas. The most devastating recent events were recorded in the years 2006, 2009 and 2011. Reported impacts of the main events induced losses of more than 4 billion U.S. dollars and more than 1 million persons were reported to be directly or indirectly affected. In this paper, we analyse the drought risk in Argentina, taking into account recent information on drought hazard, exposure and vulnerability. Accordingly, we identified the most severe droughts in Argentina during the 2000–2015 period using a combination of drought hazard indicators and exposure layers. Three main events were identified: (1) during spring 2006 droughts peaked in the northeast of Argentina, (2) in 2009 precipitation deficits indicated a drought epicenter in the central Argentinian plains, and (3) in 2011 the northern Patagonia region experienced a combination of natural disasters due to severe drought conditions and a devastating volcanic eruption. Furthermore, we analysed the dynamics of drought exposure for the population and the main economic sectors affected by municipality, i.e., agriculture and livestock production. Assets exposed to droughts have been identified with several records of drought impacts and declarations of farming emergencies. We show that by combining exposure and vulnerability with drought intensity it is feasible to detect the likelihood of regional impacts in different sectors.


We propose a highly dispersive Schott glass fiber for high-order orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes using high-index coupled ring structure. A large negative dispersion of -47,618 ps/(nm·km) is achieved for OAM14,1 mode at 1668 nm.


Abstract Theoretical cross sections for the production of elements from 209Bi and natural copper by high-energy proton bombardment have been calculated.


Fraenkel dismissed Epode 11 with the statement that it 'is an elegant piece of writing, but there is little real life in it'. By this ambiguously expressed comment he did not mean that the poem fails to 'come alive', but that it is artificial: he saw the poem as little more than an assembly of themes and motifs which recur in other genres, especially epigram and elegy. This has also been the perspective of some other twentieth-century scholars: Georg Luck's self-styled 'interpretation' of the poem consists largely of a numbered list of thirteen motifs which the epode has in common with elegy and which in Luck's opinion were derived by Horace from Gallus. Alessandro Barchiesi, on the other hand, capitalizes on the perceived elegiac motifs in order to see the poem as a dynamic fusion of elegy and iambus. As for commentators, although older representatives seem to have regarded Epode 11 as generally self-explanatory, the poem receives increasing attention from Cavarzere, Mankin and Watson, the last of whom originally discussed some of its problems in a paper published twenty years earlier. Yet various problems still remain, and in this paper I propose to re-examine lines 1–6 and 15–18 in the hope that a clearer view of the epode as a whole may emerge.


Nowadays, LED lighting technology reaches a higher Value of Energy Efficiency in Installations (VEEI) (W/m2*100 lux) than current luminaire lighting due to the number of lumens per watt that these are able to generate, as well as the directional nature of their emissions together with the adjustment capability through concentrator lenses with beam graduations that reach 5º. This achieves energy savings of up to 80%. Furthermore, also considering the substantial decrease in flickers, and that it noticeably improves usage of ultra-slow-motion cameras and the fading of switching-on or rearm times upon failure, LED technology stands out as the main solution for illumination of professional sports facilities. This article describes the evolution of regulatory requirements that are being imposed by the governing institutions of sports (FIFA, UEFA, FIBA, etc.) and professional leagues (LaLiga, Euroliga, etc.) in order to guarantee their competence as high-quality television products. In addition, the trends in requirements and specifications regarding lighting equipment and its installation, which are intended to convert stadiums into optimized centers for the celebration and dissemination of mass events, are analyzed (settings, photometry, etc.), particularly those concerning horizontal, vertical, and camera illuminance, average and extreme uniformities, glare, reduction of intrusive light in bleachers, flickers, color rendering index (CRI), correlated color temperature (CCT), and start-up times.


Introduction 1. Demanding Documents 2. Sorting Systems 3. Card Cartel 4. Stretched Screens 5. Body Badges 6. Cyber-Citizens Bibliography Index


Case report A 70-year-old post-menopausal woman, last menstrual period 20 years ago, was admitted through the gynaecological clinic of Ife University Teaching Hospitals Complex on 14November 1988. She gave a four year history of progressive painless abdominal swelling and weight loss. Physical examination revealed a pale cachetic woman with a pulse rate of a regular 74 beats per minute and of good volume. The blood pressure was 140/90 mmHg and the heart sounds were normal. The lung fields were clear. The abdomen was markedly distended and the abdominal girth at the levelof the umbilicus was 108em. A soft, cystic, mobile non-tender mass occupied the abdomen extending from the suprapubic region to the subcostal margins. Vaginal examination revealed an atrophic cervix flush with the vaginal vault with a closed os making bimanual examination difficult. A provisional diagnosis of ovarian cyst was made. The packed cellvolumewas 26070, urea 7.8 mmol/l, uric acid 0.51 mmolll and cretinine 142 jtmol/l while all other haematological and chemical laboratory investigations were normal. The chest X-ray and electrocardiogram were normal. Intravenous urogram revealed bilateral hydroureters with right hydronephrosis. An ultrasound scan carried out revealed a huge cystic mass in the abdomen whose origin was difficult to localize in view of the size. OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY I 163


Technological progress in construction of automotive vehicles, particularly in construction of engines, enforces simultaneous changes in foundry properties of aluminum alloys used in automotive industry. Until recently, abrasion resistance was the main usability criterion of a material used for pistons for internal combustion engines. At present however, because of the complexity of the process of the fuel mixture combustion, more restrictive standards of limited hydrocarbon emission, and the pursuit of reduction of the vehicle's mass, fatigue strength of silumins enjoys a continuously increasing interest. The paper presents results of a computer simulation using the finite element method (FEM) and a real fatigue test of AlSi17Cu5Mg(0.5Fe) (A390.0) alloy with unilateral variable bending. The tests aimed to simulate a deflection of a combustion engine piston in a cylinder barrel were carried out in two variants: for a non-modified alloy and an alloy modified with CuP10 master alloy. Based on the distribution of stresses according to the Huber-Mises-Hencky theory (for a given range of the deflection from 0.1 to 0.3 mm), Wöhler curve was determined for the studied alloy. Based on on microstructural investigations, cracks of primary Si crystals were found, caused by fatigue changes resulting from unilateral pulsating vibrations.


Geostationary orbit (GSO) has a unique specification when compared with other earth's part, satellite or other celestial bodies are placed in the GSO will appear stationary when viewed from Earth. Characteristics of Indonesia in accordance with the characteristics that have made the GSO region as limited resources (limited natural resources). This study aims to analyze the use of geostationary orbit and statelit in connection with securing the sovereignty of Indonesia. The data used is secondary data. The analytical method used is descriptive qualitative. These results indicate that the equatorial Indonesia as a country which has the world's longest GSO is cylicled by the vital interests of the territory because it involves sovereignty possessed of a joint use. Use of satellites in the GSO shall be in accordance with the principles set out in Space. Space Law Treaty insist to respect the sovereignty of other countries, with the goal of peace and prosperity for mankind. The use of GSO satellites in the region can not be used for peaceful purposes could violate the sovereignty of that might happen in the equatorial region, including violation of the sovereignty of Indonesia. Utilization of satellites that could result in violation of the sovereignty of nations, especially Indonesia, among others, are used for spying, remote sensing without the consent of the state whose territory sensed and broadcast live via satellite in the form of incitement, propaganda which can destabilize countries, especially Indonesia.


This essay provides an overview of urban issues in Brazil from the point of view of the construction of a national order that accrues for the organization of urban space and their dilemmas concerning the issues of dwellings. We tried to investigate the construction of an ideal of nation and which are the desired features for the composition of this national order, that is constituted as a factor of Brazilian identity. We looked support in the Brazilian literature, used in dialogue with scholars who are dealing with the question under historical and social focuses, through works such as O cortico, by Aluizio Azevedo (1890), Capitaes da areia, by Jorge Amado (1937), and the shot story "O cobrador", by Rubem Fonseca (1979). These fiction works allow us, in specific historical moments, to verify how the matter of social exclusion in the country was handled, and as we had, gradually, an increase of those considered undesirable in the share of the construction of an urban order and of the idea of a nation.