The jurists who viewed the choice of medical practitioner as religiously and socially fraught did not seek to ban religiously problematic practitioners. When seeking medical assistance they gave preference to medical practitioners from some demographics over others, but they valued the preservation of life and health more. Indeed, it was precisely because life and health were so valued that there was a high degree of tolerance for inter-cultural interactions in medical situations, and so there was also increased opportunity for problematic interactions.We have seen evidence of such tolerance in practice in ḥisbamanuals, belles-lettres, and documents from the Cairo Geniza. And we have seen theoretical tolerance in the example of the Prophet Muḥammad and his companions turning to both Arab and non-Arab doctors, and Muslim and non-Muslim practitioners, during their illness. Respect for medical skill did not, however, preclude jurists from considering better and worse identities for medical care providers. Rather, they discussed and calculated whom it was more or less preferable for a patient to turn to for medical attention. For female patients, this calculation came with added complications, and the treatment of infertile women came with even more. Modestybased restrictions were most easily relaxed in cases of life-threatening emergency and old age – two situations which did not usually apply to women battling infertility. Infertility involved neither extreme pain nor imminent death and thus did not constitute an obvious medical emergency according to Islamic law.656


Summary Recent scientific evidence has shown that risk behaviors tend to form a risk cluster, but less attention is paid to clustering ability of light forms of risky behavior like social drinking. The objective of the study was to analyze the risk clustering potential of social drinking. We conducted a survey using a self-completed questionnaire. Of 903 students (aged 15-19), 279 (30.9%) were found to be abstainers (NDA), and 455 (50.39%) were social drinkers (SDA). These two groups were compared statistically, concerning smoking and drugs use among them and their significant others. SDAs were more likely to smoke (OR=3.29; 95% Cl 2.35-4.59) than NDAs but not more likely to use soft drugs. Their fathers (OR=1.4; 95% Cl 1.04-1.89), friends (OR=1.78; 95% Cl 1.31-2.42) and lovers (OR=2.01; 95% Cl 1.39-2.89) were also significantly more likely to smoke, but only friends were more likely to use soft drugs (OR=1.75; 95% Cl 1.19- 2.58). SDAs were also more likely to start smoking in order to be closer to their peers (OR=l .84; 95% Cl 1.01- 3.37) and to smoke when communicate with peers (OR=2.12; 95% Cl 1.40-3.21). Risk clustering in social drinking adolescents is limited to smoking and does not expand to drug use, irrespective of provocation by friends. Heavy smoking among SDAs' significant others might contribute for SDA smoking. So SDAs seem to be resistant to the psycho-social mechanisms adding drug use to drinking but sensitive to psycho-social mechanisms adding smoking to drinking.


S UMMARY . Polyethylene mulch use is common in vegetable production, but disposal of mulch is problematic for growers and of significant environmental concern. Biodegradable fabrics and plastic films are compostable and can be incorporated into the soil at the end of the growing season, but questions remain about the durability, performance, and rate of decomposition of these products after soil incorporation. Three trials were conducted in field and high tunnel cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) cropping systems to compare performance and decomposition after use among two bioplastic films and four experimental spunbond, nonwoven biofabrics. Soil temperature and moisture, mulch durability and deterioration, weed suppression, and crop yield data were collected in each growing season. All biomulches were soil incorporated after the growing season and recovered up to 11 months after incorporation to estimate relative rates of decomposition. One bioplastic film increased field soil temperature by 2 (cid:1) C in 2013, but temperatures under the biofabrics were not different from bare soil. Bioplastics and biofabrics increased soil moisture relative to bare soil. Bioplastic films were less durable and deteriorated sooner than biofabrics, especially in the field environment (as early as 34 days after transplanting). All biomulches suppressed weed emergence relative to bare soil, but weeds were visibly growing beneath the most translucent biofabric. Marketable yield of cucumber was trending highest in the most durable and opaque biofabric (1827 g (cid:1) m L 2 ), but was not significantly different from weed-free bare soil (1251 g (cid:1) m L 2 ). Relative rate of mulch decomposition up to 11 months after soil incorporation was not different among bioplastic and biofabric products. Results suggest that the tested biofabrics will be most useful to growers when soil warming is not necessary (e.g., warm climates), but moisture conservation and weed control are critical (e.g., organic cropping systems). Moreover, biofabrics are permeable and may be useful to growers dependent on sprinkler irrigation or rainfall to meet crop water demands.


The response to between-and within-family selection is considered for self-fertilizing populations. For a general genetic model involving m alleles at each of k loci the expected responses are written as the sum of (1) the natural change in mean due to decreasing heterozygosity, and (2) a component which is a function of the genetic and environmental variances within an unselected population. A single-locus model is then considered and the expected responses are written in terms of para-meters of the base population. General expressions are given for the ultimate response following relaxation of selection and these are interpreted in terms of the single-locus model. In the final section the efficiencies of the various methods are investigated. In general, within-family selection is relatively inefficient while between-family selection is usually to be preferred over the selection of individuals or the more complex method of combined selection.


Sea level rise has the potential to alter coastal flooding patterns around the world causing more frequent nuisance flooding and extreme sea-level events that
may ultimately be a precursor to permanent inundation. Yet assessing the threat of changing coastal flood patterns across multi-decadal timeframes is complex
for many reasons, including knowledge uncertainty, multi-decadal climate variability and conflicting risk perceptions amongst the coastal community
stakeholders.


Note: Information in this fact sheet is primarily based on a section of Chapter 6 in Ward, A. D., & Trimble, S. T. (2004). Environmental hydrology (2nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press., and is presented with permission of Taylor and Francis CRC Press. Additional information is obtained from Rosgen, D. L., & Silvey, H. L. (1996). Applied river morphology. Pagosa Springs, CO: Wildland Hydrology Books., and is presented with permission of Dave Rosgen.


Cloud computing technology is a new paradigm which provides Information Technology (IT) resources via the Internet. This new shift in the way that IT re-sources are offered to the user brings new challenges, such as cloud service discovery. Nowadays, cloud users are faced with a dilemma as they have an abundant choice of cloud services. Moreover, many cloud providers offer a range of services which deliver similar functionality. Locating the best and most appropriate cloud service with a suitable and capable provider is a primary concern for any consumer. In order to clearly comprehend the scope of this problem, a thorough analysis of the limitations of cloud service discovery approaches is required which, in turn, will empower researchers to deliver better solutions for consumers to make an informed decision and choose the right service. This paper presents an overview of the current cloud service discovery trends and challenges in recent studies. Additionally, the reviewed approaches are classified according to service discovery architecture and techniques. Furthermore, these approaches are compared and analysed from several perspectives including approach model/architecture, service type, ontology representation (domain, language, and reasoning), dynamic discovery model, evaluation model, user's preferences techniques, data updates, and public repositories.


The infrequency of purchase (IP) model was used to explore the impact of financial factors, limiting factors, social status and household life cycle on family travel intention and travel expenditure in Taiwan. The empirical results indicate that family travel intention and level of expenditure vary at different stages of the household life cycle. Additionally, family incomes, the education level of the head of the household, women's employment and home ownership have significantly positive impacts on travel intention and level of expenditure. The findings also suggest that the presence of a family member's health problems or the number of seniors over 65 years of age in a household will reduce travel intention and thus the level of travel expenditure.


Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment standards was completely converted in last decade. This clonal myeloproliferative disease characterized by the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome genetic abnormality which arises from the chromosomal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). This translocation fuses the genes encoding BCR and ABL, resulting in expression of constitutively active protein tyrosine kinase, BCR-ABL. In the pre-Imatinib era CML therapy was focused on decreasing the myeloid line proliferation. Interpheron alpha, nowadays neglected in CML, allowed approximately 30% of patients to achieve cytogenetic remission but it was accompanied by severe side effects. The only known curative therapy in CML was allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT) but the procedure was restricted to younger patients. The first of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) introduction was a milestone in CML therapy. Today we are forced to face Imatinib resistance as an expression of point mutations in kinase domains, the second or even the third line treatment is performed, however Imatinib remains the first line, relatively safe and very effective treatment in CML. Patients: 60 patients (F/M-30/30, median age-51) with CML Ph+ BCR-ABL+ diagnosed in our center in last five years were involved in the study. All diagnoses were based on hematological findings, conventional cytogenetics and nested PCR. In all cases 100% Ph+ metaphases were find by the diagnose. The b3a2 transcript type was detected in 34 cases, b2a2 in 26. All but four patients are still receiving Imatinib in dose 400 mg per day. Due to some economic disturbances in early TKI era the median period between the diagnosis of CML and the beginning of Imatinib treatment was 154 days. Three patients were transplanted from allogeneic donor due to NCyR after 12 months of treatment. One death case was related neither to CML nor to treatment toxicity. Definitions: Complete hematologic response (CHR) was defined as white blood cell count in peripheral blood Methods: All patients started Imatinib therapy in dose 400 mg per day. Cytogenetic response was determined by conventional cytogenetics and molecular response by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: The median period of treatment is 23 months (3–60 months). All patients achieved CHR after 3 months of Imatinib therapy. In the group of 8 patients NCyR was confirmed by 12 months of treatment. In 3 cases of this group allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was performed. One patient of those eight died as was previously mentioned and four of them were included into second-line treatment trial (Nilotinib). 52 patients achieved CCyR (still sustained) after 12 months of therapy. In 13 cases of these 52 CMoR was recognized. Conclusions: The management of CML is constantly changing and developing. TKI are today a group of drugs influencing the point mutations in kinase domain, even the most resistant-T315I. The future of CML treatment seems to rely on the balance between subsequent TKI generations, alloSCT and possible side effects of both therapeutic schedules.


Experiments were designed to determine the effect of highly purified ovine FSH and LH on serum steroid levels and ovulation. Immature female rats were hypophysectomized at 28 days of age. Beginning 7 days after hypophysectomy the rats were injected subcutaneously twice daily over a period of 4 days with either 1.0 µg ovine FSH in 0.5 ml saline or 0.5 ml saline per injection (priming dose). On the morning of day 39, 8 µg FSH or 1.28 fig LH (ovulating dose) were administered intravenously via the tail vein. The maximum number of LH units administered in the FSH ovulatory dose (equivalent to 0.0004 U NIH LHSl) was well below the minimal effective dose of the LH preparation (0.005 U NIH LH-S1) required for ovulation. Serum levels of progesterone, 20±-dihydroprogesterone, estrone and estradiol were determined by radioimmunoassay after 1 and 4 days of priming and after ovulation. Serum levels of progesterone were maintained during the 4 days of FSH priming. After a single day of FSH priming 20a-dihydroprogester...


The most important role of Parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body is regulating calcium and phosphorus metabolism. It has been confirmed that PTH also play an extremely important role in bone metabolism in recent years. PTH and its fragments especially PTH1-34 which has been developed to treat osteoporosis by Lilly, has become an important promoter of bone formation. Now teriparatide has become the most effective drugs to enhance bone formation. In this article, we reviewed the structure of PTH and the mechanism of PTH anabolic agents and its role in bones.


With regard to the global environmental challenges, low cost of the natural gas and fast developing of new gas-fired power generation technologies, conduce to unwanted integration of gas and electricity network. Moreover, one of the benefits of emerging distribution network as microgrids (MGs) would be self-healing capability. So, in this research a model has been formulated as Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) problem which determines optimally the power generation of micro turbines (MTs), Energy Storages (ESs) and Combined Heat and Power (CHP) units during the normal operation of MGs with consideration of combined gas and electricity network. In case of fault occurrence in MG/MGs and need to compensate the power generation shortage the model determines the power transferring rate of all MGs with normal operation mode, adjacent to the faulty MG/MGs, according to the cost-based optimization. In critical situations load shedding procedure will be applied to the faulty MG/MGs. It would be considered that CHPs supply both heat and electricity loads and the remaining heat demands will be supplied by natural gas network. The proposed model has been applied to the test system with six MGs as three scenarios and also verified by applying to the network with 30 MGs.


Nowadays the projects of teaching foreign students Russian language using distance learning technologies are increasing in number. This tendency defines the necessity to increase the intercultural competence of all the participants of such projects. The experience  of the Institute of Economics, Management and Law in the development and implementation of the workshop "Learn the other culture" is described in this article. The main aim of this workshop is to raise the level of intercultural competence of teachers and other participants of projects which is important for effective teaching Russian as a foreign language at a distance. Keywords: distance learning, Russian as a foreign language, intercultural competence, intercultural sensitivity.


The cooperation among industries,universities and research institutes(CIURI) is not only one kind of education mode,it is also one mode of the science innovation transformation and society development.CIURI could have some experiences of the foreign countries.But based on the special situation in China,CIURI have its own mode.So the vision to CIURI in China,intellectual property should be protected,muti-management is operated in university,every part of Industries,universities and research institutes should be encouraged,and CIURI should be across the region and interdisciplinary.


A laser tracker—which is sometimes referred to as a frameless coordinate measurement machine (CMM)—measures the location of retrorefl ector targets in a three-dimensional volume. Commonly used for large, precision construction projects such as building aircraft carriers and particle accelerators, laser trackers are proving useful in smaller settings as well. In the basic device, the laser beam from a fringe counting interferometer is pointed in space by a two-axis gimbal system. When the beam are determined by the distance from the tracker to the target (measured by the fringe counter) as well as the azimuth and elevation angles of the tracker head (high-resolution angle encoders report the positions of the gimbals). Like a typical CMM, the laser tracker only measures points. Th e software then allows users to defi ne alternate coordinate systems, create geometric constructs and analyze spatial relationships between objects. Points can be measured from either stationary or moving targets; moving targets can be tracked at velocities up to 5 m per second. Typical measuring volumes are 40 m by 360 degrees azimuth by ±60 degrees elevation, with a point measurement accuracy of 25 μm. (For a detailed comparison of commercial laser trackers, see the article by J.H. Burge in the references.) A key component of a laser tracker is its absolute distance meter (ADM), which allows it to measure the distance to a distant stationary target prior to locking on with the fringe counter. Th is eliminates the need for the operator to return a target to the home position at the tracker every time the tracking beam is broken (a frequent occurrence), allowing the tracker to switch between multiple targets. When the ADM is coupled with a co-aligned video camera, a single, skilled operator can rapidly measure several targets in a volume without leaving the computer station. Th e targets most commonly used with laser trackers are spherically mounted retrorefl ectors (SMRs)—air-path corner cube refl ectors centered in a hardened, magnetic stainless steel ball. Th ese balls interface kinematically with conical nests, providing repeatable mounting and remounting of the SMRs. Nests are available that allow SMRs to be mounted on virtually any surface, or to be used for probing edges, corners or contours.


Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by the presence of chronic hyperglycemia accompanied by greater or lesser impairment in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins resulting from defects in insulin secretion, action or both.
Aims & objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between serum uric acid & urinary Albumin to Creatinine Ratio (ACR) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Material and Methods: 83 patients aged between 40 to 80 years was selected from Medicine OPD and indoor wards, Department of General Medicine, KPC Medical College & Hospital, West Bengal from 1august 2019 to 1august 2020. Type 2 Diabetics Melitus (T2DM) patients, Age: between 40 to 80 years. Age, Body weight, Height, BMI, serum uric acid, urinary albumin to creatine ratio (ACR), Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG), HbA1C, lipid profile, serum creatinine.
Conclusion: Present study found that positive correlation between serum uric acid with DBP, FBS, HB1AC, Serum Createnine, TG and LDL. There was negative correlation between serum uric acid with GFR and HDL, which were statistically significant.


Within the context of the chemical industry, optimization is defined as "the process of matching production to the needs of the market place at lowest production cost". Process optimization is concerned with the selection of the most appropriate technological design of the process and with controlling its operation to obtain maximum benefit. The role of radioactive tracers in process optimization is discussed and the various circumstances under which such techniques may be beneficially applied are identified. Case studies are presented which illustrate how radioisotopes may be used: a) To monitor plant performance under dynamic conditions to improve production efficiency. b) To investigate the cause of production limitations. The examples have been chosen to illustrate applications both of activable, as well as radioactive, tracers. In addition, the use of sealed sources of radioisotope to provide information complementary to the tracer study is described.


Objective To investigate the relationship between serum extracellular matrix (ECM) levels and diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods Serum extracellular matrix levels including collagen Ⅳ(CⅣ), laminin (LAN), procollagen Ⅲ ( PⅢ) and hyaluronic acid (HA) were determined with radioimmunoassay method in 78 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 25 normal controls. Diabetic patients were divided into patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and patients without DN (NDN) according to their urine albumin elution rate (UAER).Moreover, patients with DN were divided into patients with microalbuminuria (MA,UAER 30~300 mg/24 h) and patients with clinical DN (CDN, UAER≥300 mg/24 h).Results In both patients with DN and patients without DN, serum CⅣ and LAN were higher than those in normal subject (P0.01). Serum CⅣ and LAN of patients with DN were increased as compared with patients without DN (P0.05). Moreover, serum CⅣ and LAN in patients with microalbuminuria were lower than those in patients with clinical DN. Liner regression analysis in diabetic patients showed that both of serum CⅣ and LAN were positively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), diastolic blood pressure and duration of diabetes, respectively.Conclusion Serum CⅣ and LAN were increased in patients with type 2 diabetes as compared with normal subjects, and had the close relationship with the happenness and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN).


Background: Knowledge of community medicine plays a very important role in proper and effective delivery of health care services to the society. Every teacher has her or his own style of teaching and now teachers are adjusting their approach depending on their students' learning needs. The aims and objectives of the study were to assess the perception of 3rd year medical students towards teaching and learning methods in community medicine & to know their preferences among various commonly used teaching learning media & methods.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire-based study was conducted among 3rd year medical students (6th semester) of SVS Medical College, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India. A pre-designed, pre-tested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Most of the responses were collected as MCQs type & Likert five point scale. The data was analyzed by calculating percentage.Results: Out of total 140 participants 42 (30%) were boys and 98 (70%) were girls. All were within the age group of 21-24years. Regarding the preference of teaching aid, PPT was preferred by maximum 37% participants followed by combination of CB & PPT (30%), Chalk & board (29%). Student's preference about current T-L methods shows that maximum participants preferred. SGD (34%), followed by interactive lectures (26%). Around 65% students were satisfied & 20% were strongly satisfied with current learning approaches.Conclusions: Small group discussion and blended or interactive teaching are the most preferred learning method when compared with traditional teaching methods indicating that students are more interested in active teaching and learning methods.


The vasovagal reflex (VVR) is a reflex reaction in which abnormal autonomic system activity may be involved, and it has been known as a cause of dizziness and syncope following standing up quickly, drawing blood and after exercise. We report on a case where an exercise test was used to clinically confirm dizziness due to the VVR. A 17-year-old-male visited the clinic complained of recurring dizziness during exercise. He underwent brain computed tomography, ECG, and master ECG at another hospital. The VVR was caused when drawing blood. The head up tilt test was performed, but the test was negative. Thus, an exercise test was performed to confirm the diagnosis. The subject steps up and down on a stair until he complain of sensations such as dizziness nausea and syncope. Heart rate and blood pressure are checked every 5 minutes during exercise and before and after the exercise test. The exercise test was negative. But the VVR attack recurred together with bradycardia (36 beats/min) 4.5 minutes after the test. A diagnosis of the post-exertional syncope type of vasovagal reflex was made.


Received: 1 December 2018 Accepted: 4 March 2019 The purpose of this study is to investigate dynamical behaviors and active control synthesis of mass flowrate in the flow boiling of microchannel, which provides the inspiration to effective pressure drop treatments under parameter variations, exogenous disturbances, and measurement noises. The nonlinear mathematical model has been established through the momentum balance of surge tank and boiling microchannel. The pressure drop oscillations are one of the most severe dynamical instabilities for the boiling two-phase flow microchannel system under various uncertainties and disturbances, certainly leading to thermal and mechanical fatigues and breakage with excessive wear on the microchannel constituents. The boiling microchannel system exhibits complex dynamical behaviors; periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic behaviors. Those behaviors are characterized by using phase portrait, bifurcation diagram, and time series analysis. Based on Jacobian linearization around the equilibrium points, the dynamical system can be expressed in the state-space representation with parametric uncertainty. Through this study, it was found that the robust control synthesis can cope with flow oscillations as well as flow instability in an uncertain microchannel system. The extensive simulation results indicate that the proposed control scheme has offered robust performances and stability of the microchannel system under various uncertainties.


Let L, Hr, andAs stand for the logarithmic mean, the Heronian mean of order , and the power mean of order s, of two positive variables. A generalization of the inequality L ≤ Hr ≤ As (1/2 ≤ r ≤ 3s/2), of G. Jia and J. Cao ([3]), is obtained.


Ancient Greek prophecies. Exploding volcanoes. Chicago gangsters. Just another day in the life for Sam Faulkner in this propulsive sequel to THE BOOK OF TIME! Sam Faulkner now knows his father is trapped in Vlad Tepes's castle, but he can't save him without the seven coins that will allow him to direct his travel to the right year in Time. So he sets off on a desperate journey through the ages to collect the coins -- to the oracle at Delphi, Pompeii before Mt. Vesuvius -- even Chicago in 1932, where he meets his seven-year-old grandfather. But things get wilder still when he finally finds his father, who is sick, dying, raving . . . and who insists they must rescue Sam's dead mother from Time!


The current hearing theory views on perception of pitch in complex sounds converge towards the interpretation that pitch is the result of a psychological pattern recognition process. Pitch is determined by the fundamental of the harmonic sound which spectrum optimally matches that of the complex sound. Goldstein [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 54, 1496–1516 (1973)] proposed an objective procedure for finding the best fit. We have adapted and extended his procedure in a pitch meter which measures pitch in speech. The most important deviation from Goldstein's procedure is that in our implementation not all components of the complex sound have to be classified as harmonics. A simple criterion, based on the number of harmonics that is classified as a candidate pitch, determines which candidate pitch is selected. Performance of this psychoacoustically based pitch meter compares favorably with that of known algorithms.


Objective: To establish the determination method of gallic acid in Ninbitai Capsules.Methods: HPLC with Shimadzu Shim-pack VP-ODS(250mm×4.6mm,5μμm) column was used. Methanol-water-dimethylformamide-acetic acid glacial (1∶81∶15∶3) was used as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.5mL/min. The detection wavelength was at 272nm.Results: The linearity of this method was well. The recovery of the added sample was 98.16%. RSD was 1.18%.Conclusion: This method is convient with a good separating degree and can be used for the quality control of Ninbitai Capsules.


Forms of governments vary depending on the standard we want. In terms of the method of access to government, governments are divided into Republican Governments and Royal Governments. Royal government refers to the government by which the governor takes over governance through inheritance for an indefinite period. As for the Republican government it refers to the government by which the governor takes power through elections and for a defined period.

In this paper, we will recognize the King's Prerogatives as stated in the Jordanian Constitution as we will recognize the legislative and executive King's Prerogatives.


Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) consists of a set of wireless nodes which are connected but can freely move. These mobile nodes include a particular type of nodes, known as 'gateway' nodes, which are directly connected with internet and other mobile nodes in a MANET get internet access through them. Prior to access, any mobile node requires discovering such a nearest gateway node using a gateway discovery method. Both proactive and reactive methods suffer from higher delay and poor packet delivery. Hybrid method addresses these issues where the gateway node proactively broadcasts gateway advertisement message to mobile nodes up-to a particular number of hops. Beyond that, the other mobile nodes send gateway discovery messages to gateway nodes so that the gateway nodes can reactively reply. Prior works on hybrid methods use static values as number of hops. In a state-of-the-art work, an adaptive hybrid method was proposed where values for number of hops were dynamic. This paper discusses the performance of this adaptive hybrid method with other hybrid methods which are based on static number of hops. Results show that the adaptive method outperforms other static hybrid methods. KeywordsAdaptive hybrid method, Hybrid method with variable hop counts, Advertisement interval, TTL value, Hop count.


Nowadays,popular culture and elite culture have played important role in the development of social culture. Their growth and decline have been the focus in the field of culture research.We should understand this two kinds of culture and their position in society culture,then realize the rational construction of two kinds of culture and form the harmonious culture context.It will be beneficial to promote the development of entire culture and entire society.


In 2000, a multidisciplinary research project was launched with the aim of developing a benchmarking method for enterprises responsible for the operation of sewer systems and waste water treatment plants. This project was carried out for, and financed by, the Austrian Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, the Environment and Water Management, 8 of the 9 provincial governments, and 71 municipalities and associations all over Austria. The Austrian Water and Waste Management Association, as Contractor was the responsible institution concerning project management and co-ordination. The challenge presented by the project was the collection and processing of cost and performance data. In particular it was necessary to develop and introduce a cost and performance analysis. In addition, standardisations and quality assessment of the data were carried out in particular in the field of capital costas In order to allow for differences in plant age and for inhomogeneities in the sewer systems. In order to facilitate comparison with the very heterogeneous samples it was necessary to group the installations according their size or capacity for both sewer systems and waste water treatment plants. For the operating costs of the processes one benchmark plant could be determined for each group and for each process, whereas for the total cost a benchmark range was defined for each group.


: In an experiment on organic production of okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) that was carried out from September 2013 to January 2014, in Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil, we observed large chlorotic, necrotic, helical, discontinuous, dark or light-brown lesions with partial detachment of the injured area on the adaxial surface of leaves located in the median and basal portions of the plants. A whitish mycelium mantle covers the lesions on the leaves at the abaxial surface at high moisture conditions. Using morphological characteristics, Koch's postulates, and phylogenetic analyses of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region, we identi fi ed that the fungus causing the lesions on the okra leaves was Th anatephorus cucumeris (Frank) Donk (asexual stage of Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn of the anastomosis group AG-1 ID). Th is is the fi rst report of T. cucumeris causing web blight on okra in Brazil, and probably in the world. So far, T. cucumeris was described on okra only on post-harvest pods rotting and seedlings' damping o ff .


Abstract This paper explores some ways in which a neo-Reichenbachian time-relational framework can be applied to diachronic data. The target language of this study is Vedic Sanskrit, the language of the sacred texts of Hinduism. The main focus of the paper concerns the evolution of the Vedic past tense system, which at the beginning of the Vedic tradition is aspect-based and later develops into a system where temporal remoteness and evidentiality distinctions determine the distribution of the past tense categories. This language therefore offers a particularly intriguing data set for exploring the diachronic relationship between aspect, proximal tense and evidentiality, a field of diachronic semantics which has only received limited attention in the research literature.


American medicine. Readers without a comfortable knowledge of Civil War medicine and American medical history may in fact wish to pair this book with other major studies, including Margaret Humphreys's excellent Marrow of Tragedy: The Health Crisis of the American Civil War (2013), as well as classic texts from scholars such as William G. Rothstein and John Harley Warner (among others), in order to grasp the full implications of Devine's thesis. The endnotes are also required reading, teeming with valuable information to support a text whose wealth of actors and sources is occasionally confusing. But these minor quibbles are easily overshadowed by Devine's authoritative and provocative fi ndings. This is an important—even transformative—study for anyone interested in the Civil War, nineteenth-century American medical history, or the place of science, experiment, and the laboratory in medicine. Scholars of American medicine will now be remiss if they fail to consider the war's signifi cant infl uence on individual physicians and orthodox practice as a whole, and this is Devine's most exciting achievement. Caroline Lieff ers


How people identify with their groups has implications for social identity, self esteem, group mobilization, nationalism, racism, and other psychological, political, and social phenomena. An extensive review of theories and research regarding ingroup Identification indicated support for several identification models. Yet there have been no empirical studies explicitly comparing the adequacy of these models in describing group identification. In the first analyses reported here. White undergraduates answered identification questions about four target groups (Americans, ethnic group, university community, and family). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare how well each of the models suggested by the literature review described the structure of ingroup identification. None of the models adequately fit the observed data. Exploratory factor analyses indicated identification was best represented for the three larger target groups by a new five-factor model consisting of: 1) feelings of oneness with the group, 2) affective feelings about being a member of the group, 3) perceived similarity with the group and typicality as a group member, 4) importance of membership in the group to the self, and S) emotional bond with the group. No model fit the family target group data well. These results were replicated through confirmatory factor analyses with a sample of ethnic minority students. Correlational analyses supported the convergent and discriminant validity of these five identification aspects. The five aspects were all positively correlated with each other, but displayed somewhat different correlational patterns and independent effects in relationships with perceived group entitativity and loyalty. In these correlational analyses. the similarity/typicality aspect consistently showed the lowest relationships with other variables. Additionally, means patterns supported predictions from social dominance theory and show the importance of considering multiple aspects of ethnic identity. An experiment tested the degree to which salience of each identification aspect might have distinct causal influence on other variables. Only the similarity/typicality aspect showed strong effects. The literature review and current studies clearly support the multidimensional nature of ingroup identification. Five distinct aspects of ingroup identification seem important as guides for future research: oneness, affective, similarity/typicality, importance, and emotional bond identification.


The invention provides a solution for removing a residue, a method for removing the residue, and a method for producing a semiconductor device. Specifically disclosed is a solution for removing a residue remaining on a semiconductor substrate after dry etching and/or ashing, which comprises: a Cu surface-protecting agent comprising at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1) a compound which has, as a basic skeleton, a 5-membered heterocyclic aromatic compound having a structure represented by the formula: =N-NH- (provided that one having three contiguous N atoms is excluded) and which shows a pH value of 7 or less in the form of an aqueous solution (10 ppm, 23 DEG C); (2) a compound which has, as a basic skeleton, a 5-membered heterocyclic compound having a structure represented by the formula: -N=C(SH)-X- [wherein X represents NH, O or S] and which shows a pH value of 7 or less in the form of an aqueous solution (10 ppm, 23 DEG C) and (3) a compound which has, as a basic skeleton, a 6-membered heterocyclic aromatic compound having at least one nitrogen atom (N) and which shows a pH value of 7 or more in the form of an aqueous solution (10 ppm, 23 DEG C); a compound capable of forming a complex or chelate in coordination with Cu (copper); and water. The solution has a pH value ranging from 4 to 9.


In nature, fluid manipulation plays a crucial role in the life of organisms, which has attracted great attentions of research and industry. Here, a functional bionic cilia surface is designed via the simple magnetic field assistance and laser etching technique. Multidirectional droplet transportation occurs on superhydrophobic cilia surface, which has good mechanical, physical, and chemical stability. The as‐prepared surface covered with cilia in the superhydrophobic (WCA of 156 ± 2°) and hydrophobic (WCA of 119 ± 3°) area possess different adhesion state, which can be used for multiple chemical reactions as a microreaction platform. Furthermore, bionic cilia surface can be used as a transport tool in the analysis and detection with average transfer speed of 2.3 cm s−1, which provides new opportunities in the development of small analysis equipment. Importantly, magnetically induced bionic cilia surfaces have broad potential applications in developing smart surfaces, droplet control, lab‐on‐a‐chip, etc.


Purpose: to analyze the features of rural settlement in Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions and to identify its influence on the formation and functioning of territorial communities and districts of these regions.

Methods. comparative-geographical, statistical, analytical method, structural-functional approach

Results: the rural settlement network of the Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions was analyzed from a socio-geographic point of view, taking into account the similarity of natural and geographical conditions, historical, ethno-geographical aspects of the formation of settlements and modern socio-spatial processes in the regions. It is noted that the regions have a number of common features of rural settlement, in particular, high density and average population of settlements in the plain part and zones of dispersed settlement in mountainous areas, which must be taken into account in the process of formation of territorial communities. It is noted that according to the results of the ATU reform in the regions, rural communities absolutely prevail. This will contribute to the preservation of the demographic and socio-economic potential of rural settlements - community centers, however, in remote peripheral and depressed areas, rural communities may not be able to cope financially and administratively given the limitations of their own resources. Possible positive and negative consequences of the impact of the reform on changes in inter-settlement relations, functions of settlements, and their further development are identified and summarized.

Conclusions: Intra-regional differences in rural settlement are an important factor in administrative-territorial changes and were taken into account in the process of formation of territorial communities and new districts. Most communities in both regions are rural; the settlements that became their centers received broad powers and prospects for development. In today's conditions, most rural communities cannot take advantage of the opportunities of decentralization due to the limited socio-economic potential of settlements. According to indicators of economic activity, these communities are mostly subsidized and require significant investment income. The development of rural areas will contribute to the strengthening of the grassroots link of the administrative-territorial system.


Any system of bisectors (in the sense of abstract Voronoi diagrams) defines an arrangement of simple curves in the plane. We define Voronoi-like graphs on such an arrangement, which are graphs whose vertices are locally Voronoi. A vertex $v$ is called locally Voronoi, if $v$ and its incident edges appear in the Voronoi diagram of three sites. In a so-called admissible bisector system, where Voronoi regions are connected and cover the plane, we prove that any Voronoi-like graph is indeed an abstract Voronoi diagram. The result can be seen as an abstract dual version of Delaunay's theorem on (locally) empty circles. Further, we define Voronoi-like cycles in an admissible bisector system, and show that the Voronoi-like graph induced by such a cycle $C$ is a unique tree (or a forest, if $C$ is unbounded). In the special case where $C$ is the boundary of an abstract Voronoi region, the induced Voronoi-like graph can be computed in expected linear time following the technique of [Junginger and Papadopoulou SOCG'18]. Otherwise, within the same time, the algorithm constructs the Voronoi-like graph of a cycle $C'$ on the same set (or subset) of sites, which may equal $C$ or be enclosed by $C$. Overall, the technique computes abstract Voronoi (or Voronoi-like) trees and forests in linear expected time, given the order of their leaves along a Voronoi-like cycle. We show a direct application in updating a constraint Delaunay triangulation in linear expected time, after the insertion of a new segment constraint, simplifying upon the result of [Shewchuk and Brown CGTA 2015].


Results of incoherent light transient annealing of Mg implants in GaAs are reported and compared to conventional furnace anneals. Transient anneals produced better activations, with an optimum at an annealing temperature of 800°C, due apparently to reduced outdiffusion of Mg into the encapsulating silicon nitride layer.


The patient was a right-handed 26-year-old married man who worked as a chicken hatchery foreman. He and two sisters all had congenital nystagmus. In 1956 he became unconscious from a fall on the right parietal region. In 1961 he fell again, bruising his nose, and in 1964 he fell once more, injuring the right side of his face. His present illness began on 29 June 1968 when his left foot began to slap as he walked, and within a few minutes the left leg became weak. Two days later weakness of the left arm was noted. There was no disturbance of consciousness, vision, or speech. In August he was admitted to hospital elsewhere. Examination at that time besides the congenital nystagmus revealed a left hemiparesis, pronounced in the lower limb with ankle clonus and extensor plantar response, but slight in the upper limb. There were signs of mild aortic incompetence, subsequently attributed to a bicuspid aortic valve. Blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and an electrocardiogram were normal, and eight blood cultures grew no pathogenic organisms. The possibility of subacute bacterial endocarditis was entertained and he received six weeks' treatment with oral ampicillin as an outpatient, Within a month the hemiparesis improved, ankle clonus could not be elicited, and the plantar response was flexor. Later, however, a fluctuating hemiparesis developed. The hemiparesis would worsen over one day and remain static for three weeks, during which time he had difficulty in eating and walking. Recovery occurred over a few days, and for three or four days he was able to walk almost normally. On two occasions during his illness he regarded himself as completely normal. During any one day he was better in the morning than in the evening. From October headache occurred in the right parietal region a day or so before the worsening of the hemiparesis, then radiating to the right frontoparietal region. Since December six episodes of lightheadedness followed by clonic movements of the left arm and left leg for one to three minutes had occurred, associated on each occasion with pronounced hemiparesis. The patient's wife corroborated the story of fluctuating hemiparesis. A history of rhinorrhoea was not elicited. On admission to the Churchill Hospital in May 1969 he was not disorientated and had no obvious difficulty in spatial orientation. When walking he tended to drag his left foot, and had left hemiparesis, moderate in the lower limb and slight in the upper limb, but sparing the face, There was no sensory impairment. Uncorrected visual acuity was Jaeger 6 in each eye. The fundi were normal and there was pendular horizontal nystagmus. The blood pressure was 120/80. A grade 3/6 early diastolic murmur was heard at the left sternal edge on expiration. There was no evidence of cardiac failure. Investigations.-Platelet count 152,000/cu. mm., cholesterol 182 mg./100 ml., Wassermann reaction negative, L.E, cells not found, serum electrophoresis normal. Pathogenic organisms were not grown on blood culture. X-ray examination of the skull showed a large osteoma of the right ethmoid sinus, eroding into the anterior cranial fossa through the region of the cribriform plate. The osteoma was irregular and from its edge air tracked into a large aerocele in the right frontal and parietal region. A right carotid arteriogram did not show evidence of a vascular malformation. A diagnosis of aerocele of the right frontoparietal region complicating an osteoma of the right ethmoid sinus was made. At operation by Mr. J. Pennybacker on 22 May the right frontal aerocele was drained and the intracranial portion of the osteoma removed, the remainder (about two-thirds) being left for a later open ethmoid approach if this should prove necessary. Postoperatively he remained well, apart from two minor left focal fits of short duration. He was discharged from hospital on 31 May walking normally.


5 - Ethynyl - 4 - methyl - 2 - sulfomethyl - pyrimidine was synthesized using acetyl-ization method and its structure was charateristized by using FT - IR, HNMR and elment analysis. The reaction mechnism was discussed and the synthetic technique of 5 - (1 - chlorovinyl) - 4 - methyl - 2 - sulfomethyl - pyrimidine was improved to attain 71 % yield. 5 - Ethynyl - 4 - methyl - 2 - sulfomethyl- pyrimidine was prepared using potassium tert - butoxide as catalyst to obtain 68% yield at room temperature.


Abstract Whole casein was separated into β-casein, κ-casein, α s1 -casein, and α s2 -casein fractions using cation-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography. The γ-caseins and several unidentified peaks were also separated. A urea-acetate buffer at pH 5 and a NaCl gradient from 0 to .26 M were used to separate the casein fractions. Several γ-caseins and unidentified fractions eluted first, followed by three β-casein peaks, several γ-casein and unidentified peaks, κ-casein, α s1 -casein, and α s2 -casein. Some γ-caseins eluted with β-casein. The four major caseins, which accounted for over 90% of the whole casein fractions, were accounted for with this method, and the calculated compositions correlated well with values obtained using anion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography at pH 7.


Background/Aims: Dietary antioxidants exert a photoprotective effect against UV radiation. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects on skin of orally administered antioxidant is not very clear. The present study aimed to investigate the UVB-induced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) perturbation both in skin and blood and to study the beneficial mechanism of action of dietary epigallocatechin3-gallate (EGCG). Method: Female HWY/Slc hairless rats were exposed to UVB radiation for 4 weeks and skin and blood TAC were measured at weeks 0, 2, and 4. The correlation between skin and blood TAC was assessed using Pearson's correlation analysis. To investigate the effect of dietary EGCG, female HWY/Slc hairless rats were fed EGCG and exposed to UVB radiation. At the end of the 8-week experimental period, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and epidermal thickness were measured to assess skin damage, and TAC was analyzed in both skin and blood. Results: UVB radiation significantly decreased skin and blood TAC, and there was a significant correlation between skin and blood TAC. Dietary Received: November 2, 2009 Accepted after revision: April 9, 2010 Published online: June 3, 2010 Sang Jun Lee, PhD Food Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center 314-1, Bora-dong, Giheung-gu Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-729 (Korea) Tel. +82 31 280 5810, Fax +82 31 281 8392, E-Mail leesjun @ amorepacific.com © 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel 1660–5527/10/0236–0283$26.00/0 Accessible online at: www.karger.com/spp Jeon/Kim/Seo/Cho/Lee Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010;23:283–289 284 The classical route of antioxidant administration to the skin is topical application. The primary action of topically applied antioxidants is to quench the free radicals produced by UV radiation. For this route to be effective, the bioactive compound must be stable throughout its preparation and should be able to penetrate the skin. Additionally, the penetration of antioxidants into the skin is influenced by environmental factors, such as temperature and hydration [3] . Considering these topical application limitations, there has been increasing interest in oral consumption as an alternative route for antioxidant supplementation to prevent skin aging. Several clinical trials have demonstrated that oral antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids, can prevent deleterious effects related to oxidative stress and skin aging [4–6] . Although it has been demonstrated that dietary antioxidants have beneficial effects on skin, the precise mechanism of action is still unknown. It is controversial whether oral antioxidants, especially hydrophilic bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, are delivered to skin tissue. Oral consumption is primarily distinguished from topical application by the fact that it requires systemic distribution. Oral consumption could have beneficial effects directly by acting on skin tissue or indirectly via a systemic effect on the vascular system. It is well known that blood affects the condition of the skin by supplying the cells and tissues with nutrients and bioactive compounds [7, 8] . We should clarify the complex interplay between blood and skin in order to study the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of oral consumption. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of an external stressor, UV radiation, on the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in both skin and blood to understand the relationship of skin and blood TAC. Oxidative stress-related changes following UV radiation have been studied in the skin of humans and hairless mice and erythrocytes of Wistar rats [9, 10] . However, physiological data regarding the relationship between skin and blood TAC changes following UV exposure is scarce. The hairless rat, used in this study, appears to be a useful model for studying oxidative stress-related mechanisms after UV radiation, simultaneously in skin and blood [11, 12] . We also evaluated the effect of dietary epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on UVB-induced TAC perturbations in skin and blood, as well as UVB-induced skin damage. EGCG, a major polyphenolic constituent of green tea, is a very potent antioxidant that counteracts the deleterious effects induced by oxidative stress. It has recently been shown that oral administration of green tea polyphenols in drinking water can prevent the UV-induced cutaneous edema and decrease markers of cutaneous photoaging, such as MMPs [13, 14] . There is no previous report investigating the relationship of skin and blood TAC to understand the mechanism of the beneficial effects of oral consumption. Furthermore, to our knowledge, this is the first reported study that simultaneously examined skin and blood TAC changes after oral consumption of an antioxidant in an animal model. Materials and Methods Animals Female HWY/Slc hairless rats (9 weeks old, weighing 190– 210 g) were obtained from SLC Inc. (Shizuoka, Japan). HWY/Slc rats are derived from a hairless mutant in a colony of rats of the Wistar strain and have been maintained as an inbred strain by SLC [15] . The animals were acclimatized for 1 week in the animal facility prior to the experiments and were housed under controlled temperature (23 8 2 ° C), humidity (55 8 10%), and light (12/12 h light/dark, with no ultraviolet emission). All care and treatment of the animals and husbandry were carried out in compliance with and were approved by the institutional animal care and use committee of the Amorepacific R&D center. Reagents EGCG ( 1 94%) was obtained from DSM Ltd. (formerly F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland). All other chemicals were of analytical or HPLC grade. Experimental Design To investigate the effect of UV irradiation on the TAC in skin and blood, 30 female HWY/Slc hairless rats were randomly divided into 2 groups, the non-irradiated control (control) and UV irradiated (UV-stress) groups. Each group was then subdivided into 3 groups to collect blood and skin samples at different time points: 0, 2, and 4 weeks of UV irradiation. Each subgroup of 5 rats was housed in 1 cage. To evaluate the effect of dietary EGCG on UV-induced TAC alteration in skin and blood, 50 female HWY/Slc hairless rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, non-irradiated control (control), UV irradiated control (UV-control), and UV irradiated-EGCGtreated (UV+EGCG) groups. Each group of 5 rats was housed in 1 cage. Skin and blood samples were collected at the end of the 8-week experiment. All the rats, except for the EGCG-treated group, were fed a commercial rat food that contained protein ( 20%) and fat ( 7%). The EGCG-treated group was fed the normal diet supplemented with 1,500 ppm EGCG (Feedlab Korea Corp., Seoul, Korea). Food and water were provided ad libitum. Food consumption and body weight were recorded during the experimental period. UV Irradiation The rats were irradiated 3 times a week at a dose of 97 mJ/cm 2 (equivalent to 1 MED) to induce oxidative stress, using an array of seven UV-B lamps surrounding three UV-A lamps (Waldmann UV800, Villingen-Schwenningen, Germany; 285–350 nm, peak


Objectives. To investigate the correlation between concentrations of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and neopterin (NP) as potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in chronic renal failure patients. Method. In this study, 33 patients with renal failure before and after haemodialysis were compared with healthy control subjects. Serum ADMA and NP levels were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results. When ADMA and NP concentrations in renal failure patients were compared before and after dialysis, before dialysis ADMA and NP concentrations were higher than those in the control group. However, ADMA and NP levels showed a falling mean and clear after dialysis. While there is no correlation between ADMA and NP levels before dialysis, there is a mean and positive correlation between ADMA and NP levels after dialysis. Conclusion. Potential risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include high concentrations of both ADMA and NP levels in chronic renal failure patients. A correlation mean between ADMA and NP levels after dialysis was found, but no correlation between ADMA and NP levels before haemodialysis was discovered. These can be evaluated as two different risk factors independent from each other.


With the rapid development of information technology, binary memory may not meet the requirements of future information and communication technology, hence multilevel memory is widely studied. Herein, a donor-acceptor-type polymer...


EENY-403, a 3-page fact sheet by E. E. Grissell, is part of the Featured Creatures Collection. It describes this wasp which make the familiar jug-like nests found around the home, its distribution, identification, biology, and economic importance. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Entomology and Nematology, May 2007.
EENY-403/IN726: Potter Wasps of Florida, Eumenes spp. (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) (ufl.edu)


We report the results of two studies examining the genetic overlap between schizophrenia and velocardiofacial syndrome. In study A, we characterize two interstitial deletions identified on chromosome 22qll in a sample of schizophrenic patients. The size ofthe deletions was estimated to be between 1.5 and 2 megabases. In study B, we examine whether variations in deletion size are associated with the schizophrenic phenotype in velocardiofacial syndrome patients. Our results show that a region of the genome that has been previously implicated by genetic linkage analysis can harbor genetic lesions that increase the susceptibility to schizophrenia. Our findings should facilitate identification and cloning of the schizophrenia susceptibility gene(s) in this region and identification of more homogeneous subgroups of patients. Schizophrenia is a severe and disabling mental illness of variable expression and course, with 1% prevalence. Although the etiology of schizophrenia is unknown, data from family, twin, and adoption studies support the conclusion that both genes and experiences play some role in determining susceptibility. Results from segregation analyses have not been consistent in identifying a single mode of inheritance. As in most complex diseases, heterogeneity of cause is suspected. Investigators are pursuing several strategies to identify susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. These strategies include linkage studies, sib-pair analyses, and association studies. The possibility of a potential linkage for schizophrenia on chromosome 22q was initially suggested by two groups independently working on genome searches (1-3), although neither group reported statistically significant linkage results. The fact that the same area of the genome (22q12-13) was suggestive of linkage in these two independent searches, as well as in a subsequent study using sib-pair analysis (4), justified further pursuit of the region. Indeed, further analyses by our group suggested that the most likely region of interest includes 22ql1 (5) and that no region of chromosome 22q could be excluded. Furthermore, simulation studies suggested that if heterogeneity exists such that <25% of the families are linked to a locus in 22qll-13, then the currently available linkage data were not adequately powerful to draw firm conclusions about the area (6). Given the suggestive results, region 22qll-13 was examined for diseases that map to this region and are known to share some phenotypic expression with schizophrenia (1). Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS), a congenital malformation syndrome, was identified. Clinical presentation of VCFS in children includes, with variable expression, cleft palate, heart anomalies, typical facies, and learning and attention problems (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, 1994). VCFS is part of a spectrum of phenotypes that include cardiac abnormalities, abnormal facies, T-cell deficit due to thymic hypoplasia, cleft palate, and hypocalcemia due to hypoparathyroidism. All are attributed to a microdeletion in the VCFS/DiGeorge sequence (DGS) critical region on chromosome 22q11.21-qll.23. It is not known whether the clinical phenotypes seen are due to hemizygosity of one gene or to deletion of a series of contiguous genes. When inherited, VCFS appears to be an autosomal dominant disorder. It has been hypothesized that DGS and VCFS may be etiologically the same (7). With respect to psychiatric problems in VCFS, it has been observed that patients with the syndrome have "characteristic personality features" including blunt or inappropriate affect (8) and develop psychosis when they reach adolescence (9). The results of a recent study in which a group of randomly chosen adults diagnosed with VCFS were psychiatrically evaluated suggested that individuals with VCFS are at an increased risk to develop schizophrenia during late adolescence and early adulthood than individuals in the general population (10). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH). Standard chromosome spreads were obtained from Epstein-Barr virustransformed lymphoblastoid cell lines. Probes were labeled by nick-translation with biotinor digoxigenin-dUTP (Boehringer Mannheim). After preannealing of the probe with human Cot-1 DNA, hybridizations were performed at 37°C in 2 x SSC/10% dextran sulfate/50% deionized formamide, and slides were washed to a stringency of 0.1 x SSC at 60°C. Signals were developed with avidin-rhodamine or fluorescein isothiocyanate anti-digoxigenin antibody, and chromosomes were counterstained with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole. Images were captured and processed with a cytovision probe workstation (Applied Imaging, Pittsburgh). A minimum of 10 metaphases and 20 nuclei were examined for each analysis. Probe N25 was purchased from Oncor. Cosmids D0832 and c350 were kindly provided by Peter Scambler (Institute of Child Health, London) and control cosmid DAC9 was provided by Marc Lipinski (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris). Abbreviations: VCFS, velocardiofacial syndrome; DGS, DiGeorge sequence; FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization. tTo whom reprint requests should be addressed. The publication costs of this article were defrayed in part by page charge payment. This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. §1734 solely to indicate this fact. 7612 D ow nl oa de d by g ue st o n Ju ne 2 0, 2 02 1 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92 (1995) 7613 Somatic Cell Hybrids. Two fusion protocols were followed. The first involved a chromosome 22-specific selection method; permanent lymphoblastoid cell lines were established from each patient and 3 x 106 lymphoblasts were then fused with an equal number of Ade1 cells, a CHO (chinese hamster ovary) Kl purine auxotrophic mutant cell line, deficient in the enzyme adenylosuccinate lyase, which maps to human chromosome 22. (The Ade-1 cell line was kindly provided by D. Patterson Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, Denver.) After fusion, the cells were exposed to adenine-free medium (after 24 hr), so that only the hamster cells that had incorporated human chromosome 22 survived. In the second protocol, CHTG 49 (Chinese hamster thioguanine 49) cells were used as the recipient cell line. Hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine selection allowed survival of hybrids that had retained the X chromosome. We estimated that -40% of the hybrids had also cosegregated chromosome 22. The number of independent clones isolated varied from as few as 4 for some cell lines to 13 for others. After isolation, colonies were expanded to a sufficient number of cells and DNA was made. About 25% of the hybrids were found to have retained both chromosomes 22 and were not included in the analysis. One hybrid was found to be broken, having retained only the distal part of the deleted chromosome 22, and two were found to be contaminated; these three hybrids were also discarded from the analysis. PCR Analysis. PCR was performed with the thermostable enzyme Taq polymerase (1.5 units per sample) (AmpliTaq; Perkin-Elmer/Cetus) and a programmable PCR apparatus (MJ Research, Watertown, MA). Target sequences were amplified in a 25-,ul reaction mixture containing 100 ng of genomic hybrid DNA in 50 mM KCl/10 mM Tris HCl, pH 8.3/1.5 mM MgCl2/5 pmol of each primer/100 mM each dNTP (dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP)/0.01% gelatin. Amplification was for 35 cycles; each cycle consisted of a 30-sec denaturation at 94°C, 1 min of annealing at 52°C, and a 1-min extension at 72°C. The final extension step was prolonged for 7 min. For all (CA), dinucleotide probes, one of the primers was 5'-end-labeled with [y-32P]ATP, and the PCR products were resolved by electrophoresis on 6% denaturing polyacrylamide gels and detected by overnight autoradiography with an intensifying screen. For typings of sequence tagged sites (STSs), PCR was performed as described above, but none of the primers was labeled; 10 ,ul of the amplified product was subjected to electrophoresis in either 3% NuSieve gels or 8% nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels, depending on the size of the product. Gels were then stained with ethidium bromide and photographed. Most primer pairs for the polymorphic markers, as well as for the STSs (11) used in this study, were purchased from Research Genetics (Huntsville, AL). Markers D22S942, D22S947, D22S933, D22S935, D22S936, and D22S938 and their relative order are described by Morrow et al. (12).


In the helicopter transmission system, because the two-speed gear planetary transmission system without power interruption adopts the design of a double planetary gear system, the complexity of the structure leads to the time-varying meshing stiffness, tooth surface friction and the interaction between components and other nonlinear factors are uncontrollable, and causes the helicopter transmission system vibration noise, unstable operation, and other problems. To solve the above problems, the inherent characteristics of the two-speed planetary gear transmission system without power interruption were studied and analyzed to find out the influence law of its inherent characteristics. The inherent characteristics of a planetary gear drive system are mainly related to the integrated stiffness such as component mass, support stiffness, and meshing stiffness in the system. Based on the centralized mass method, the translation-torsional coupling dynamics model of the double planetary gear drive system was established. According to the displacement coordination relationship between the components of the system, the dynamics equation of the double planetary gear drive system was constructed. The mass matrix and stiffness matrix were obtained using MATLAB, and the system's natural frequency was obtained by solving the dynamics equation. The results show that the low-order natural frequency is mainly the torsional vibration mode of the center component and the torsional vibration mode of the center component. The influence of the mass of the component on the natural frequency is more complex and has a certain influence on both the high- and low-order natural frequency. The support stiffness in the system mainly affects the low-order natural frequency and the meshing stiffness in the system mainly affects the high-order natural frequency.


Refering to Haynes' work as post-painterly abstraction, the authors examine his work and his use of diamond and oval motifs as frameworks for his paintings. Biographical notes.


4-Methylbenzenesulfonyl azide reacts with allyltriphenylstannane (ATPS) in refluxing benzene, in the presence of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) as initiator, to give N-allyl-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide in good yield after hydrolytic work-up. Small amounts of allyl 4-methylphenyl sulfone were also formed. The reaction follows a free-radical chain mechanism which involves competitive addition of Ph3Sn˙ to Na and to Nc of the azido group in ArSO2NaNbNc. Addition to Na followed by loss of nitrogen gives ArSO2ṄSnPh3, the precursor of the N-allylarenesulfonamide, while addition to Nc leads to the formation of ArṠO2 and thence to the allyl aryl sulfone. Allyltrimethylstannane behaves in a similar way to ATPS, but allyltributylstannane gives only a low yield of N-allylarenesulfonamide and the major product is the unsubstituted sulfonamide MeC6H4SO2NH2, which results because the radical ArSO2ṄSnBu3 undergoes intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen-atom transfer in preference to adding to the allylstannane. 2-Methylallyltriphenylstannane reacts in an analogous way to ATPS, but allylstannanes containing nonterminal double bonds do not react successfully. The arenesulfonyl azides 4-XC6H4SO2N3(X = H, MeO, F) react in a similar way to tosyl azide, but the reaction is very sluggish when X = NO2. With 1-octanesulfonyl azide, reaction with Ph3Sn· is much less selective and products arising from attack at Na and Nc are formed in comparable yields. Ethyl azidoformate reacts with allylstannanes in a similar manner to, although more slowly than, tosyl azide and gives good yields of the corresponding allylic carbamates.


The ultimate test of accountability for a nonprofit organization is whether its leadership can responsibly interpret, and honestly and energetically promote, the organization's mission, even when environmental, stakeholder, and governance pressures make other paths more comfortable and secure. The degree to which nonprofits have become entwined with the business sector in recent years has brought new urgency to this challenge. Here, the risk is that contemporary nonprofit leaders, under tremendous financial and social pressures and eager to make their institutions economically successful are led, perhaps inadvertently, to compromise their missions. This risk is illustrated here with cases from private universities. Recommendations are offered that would strengthen nonprofit leadership and accountability practices.


It is very meaningful to guide the city construction with the concept of business, put the business consciousness, fully make use of its own advantages and then run business way to solve the problem of the fund shortage. After this process, the development of city modernization can be quicker, the functions of the government can be changed, and the city can develop sustainablly. According to the analysis of the condition of the business cities in Liaoning, the idea of recovering its ground assets is put forward, so that it can be realized that producing wealth by the ground. Spread the idea that the paid use of the infrastructure. Business city should stretch its capital to make a good circulation of the city infrastructure. And strengthening city environmental construction to ensure the increment of the assets to quick the development of the business city in Liaoning.


Currently, there is a need for nondestructive methods that provide a reliable evaluation of the fatigue state of industrial components and their actual life expectancy. Such methods are supposed to be used in situ and without additional knowledge of the initial state of the material. The development of such NDT techniques is primarily driven by safety and economic factors. An innovative approach for the characterization and physical understanding of the damage processes is based on physical Mesomechanics. This approach analyzes the changes in the development of mesoscopic deformation structures with increasing mechanical loads. Fractal analysis of the mesostructures that occur on the specimen surface as a mountain-shaped topography during plastic or cyclic load conditions is the background of this investigation. Near-surface deformation structures can be investigated using Barkhausen Noise and Laser Speckle Metrology (LSP). For the evaluation of the fractal nature of these measured signals, their scaling properties in time were analyzed. Using adapted algorithms, which suppress the influences of electronic noise and disturbing surface defects, the fractal dimension DF was determined as a parameter to describe the status of the deformation structures and consequently the material fatigue damage. The present study shows that the fractal dimension DF increases stepwise as a function of load cycles. Based on these results, the residual service life-time can be estimated for various industrial components.


Objective To observe protective effects of the NF-кB inhibitor PGA1 on donor heart and to study effects of PGA1 on the function of recipient T-cells in rat model of heart transplantation.Methods Donor were pretreated with PGA1 then the isotype dystopy rat heart transplantation was performed.Mean survival time of donor heart was determined.Six rats in each group was sacrificed on the 5th day after transplantation and then mixed lymphocyte culture(MLC) and levels of serum IL-2、IL-4 were determined.Results The survival time of cardiac allograft in PGA1 group were prolonged than that in the normal solution group(P0.05).MLC showed that proliferative responses of spleen cells to alloantigen stimulation from PGA1 group of recipients were suppressed(P0.05),the serum IL-2 level was reduced in the PGA1 group(P0.05),and there were no difference in the level of serum IL-4 between two groups(P0.05).Conclusion PGA1 can inhibit graft rejection and prolong survival time of cardiac allografts.


The nucleus of the box-shaped galaxy NGC 4013 has been observed with the IRAM interferometer in the J=1-0 and J=2-1 lines of 12 CO. Our maps show the existence of a fast-rotating (130 km s 1 ) molecular gas disk of radius r2 00 (110 pc). Several arguments support the existence of a bar po- tential in NGC 4013. The figure-of-eight pattern of the major axis p-v plot, the ring-like distribution of gas, and the existence of gas emission at non-circular velocities are best accounted by a bar. We have also detected gas at high z distances from the plane (z200-300pc=4 00 -5 00 ). The latter component is related to a sys- tem of 4 H filaments of diffuse ionized gas that come out from the nucleus. The galactic fountain model seems the best to ac- count for the H and CO filaments. Although the peanut distor- tion can be spontaneously formed by a stellar bar in the disk, gas at high z might have been ejected after a nuclear starburst. The H filaments start in the plane of the disk at r 200 pc(4 00 ), and reach several Kpc height at r600 pc(10 00 ), coinciding with the maximum peanut distortion where the strength of the restoring forces of the plane have a minimum. We have critically exam- ined other alternatives judged less probable: the existence of a CO warp (connected to the HI warping disk), the accretion of gas along stable inclined orbits and, finally, a vertical gas re- sponse near the resonances of the peanut (the latter is tested by numerical simulations). Although a link between the bar and the box-shaped bulge in NGC 4013 is suggested we find noticeable differences between the results of previous numerical simulations and the present observations. The discrepancy concerns the parameters of the bar generating the peanut. We see in NGC 4013 the existence of a strong ILR region. The inclusion of a dissipative component, which remains to be thoroughly studied, may change the evo- lution of the stellar peanut: although in simulations the peanut appears initially near a marginal ILR, the inflow of gas driven by the bar, can make two ILRs appear.


This paper describes an experimentally-validated framework for guiding flow down different channels in a fluidic network by modulating the excitation frequency of a single pressure source. The central concept is to use passive features that introduce frequency-dependent pressure-flow characteristics in each branch of a fluidic circuit. The results demonstrate that diodes can be used to create frequency-specific steady flow components without active valving, even though inputs are purely periodic. The experiments have been used to validate elementary circuit models, which provide a clear, quantitative and validated design framework for multi-channel networks whose flow timing and metering is controlled by a single active element.


"Hybrid" or "blended" courses are a much debated topic and a growing trend in higher education today. Reflecting on our primary andragogical (adult learning) experience, we examine the implementation of the hybrid model in the areas of nursing, art history, and applied administration/business and economics. A critical interdisciplinary overview evaluates the advantages and challenges of the hybrid approach within the diverse student environment of a two-year regional college of a state university. Faculty design and delivery experience is integrated with student learning experiences from various in-


The concept of eTourism is a concept that implements information technology into the tourism sector. The key to eTourism is the integration of information that has the information collaboration capabilities and business processes of tourism entities making it possible to share information and business processes. Banyuwangi Regency that has begun to adopt the concept of eTourism is already time to apply the concept of information sharing by using web tourism managed by Disbudpar Banyuwangi as a source of tourism information. Tourism entities in Kabupaten Banyuwangi still have the opportunity to develop this potential and increase the potential for turnover and profit for tourism industry actors and increase local revenue through the tourism sector. The web utilization training provided has been able to provide the insights and skills of these entities, both from government and tourism industry actors.


The essay addresses contemporary discussions on women's transnationalism and women's agency by looking at the first conference of the UN Decade for Women held in Mexico City in 1975, and at its specific embedding in Cold War geopolitics. Through an engagement with different feminist and activists voices, and particularly with the less visible anti-imperialist, Non-Aligned and socialist genealogies of women's activism expressed during the meeting, the essay argues that the paradigm of Western feminist knowledge production needs to be revisited, in order to encompass multiple forms of women's political agency that are not expressed through the liberal framework of women's individual autonomy from the state. By juxtaposing Betty Friedan's and Vida Tomšič's stances during the Mexico City event, the paper shows that women's political agency during the Cold War era took different forms, which included both the refusal and the acceptance of women's activism within existing national and international institutions.


The historical events of 9/11, the subsequent wars, and the coincidental collapse of corporations and economies have heightened the perception of complexity and uncertainty in the business environment. Executive managers face unprecedented challenges, solutions for which are often beyond the reach of current practice. That we live in turbulent times is an understatement. "There is no more normal," declares business commentator Seth Godin (2002). "We need a different way of organising work." Adapting to such an environment requires a high degree of tolerance of complexity, according to Garvey and Alred (2001). They refer to the root meaning of the word tolerate (from the Latin tolerare tolerat - "endure") meaning to "allow the existence or occurrence of without authoritative interference." Tolerance as "enduring" or "sustaining" is by no means passive. It requires a perception of the constantly changing organisational landscape as a field of bounded instability through which optimal performance is an emergent property.


The characteristic changes of chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children during orthodontic treatment were considered in this investigation. It was revealed that the orthodontic equipment in children with chronic gastrointestinal disorders was the cause of the deterioration of oral hygiene and periodontal tissue status during the process of orthodontic treatment. This requires the development and implementation of complex therapeutic and preventive measures into dental practice in order to minimize the risk of exacerbations of gastrointestinal diseases in children during orthodontic treatment.


This study aimed at identifying the quality of work life for faculty members at Jordan University of Science and Technology from their perspective. To achieve the objective of the study, a questionnaire was developed, which consisted of (35) items and was divided into six dimensions: leadership style, stability and job security, career promotion, salaries and remuneration, the balance between university work and social life, professional development (training and education).The questionnaire was distributed to the sample of the study, which consisted of (420) faculty members during the first semester (2018/2019). After conducting the statistical analysis of the data, the major results of the study were as follows: The quality of work life of the faculty members at Jordan University of Science and Technology was very high for all dimensions and the questionnaire as a whole. There were statistically significant differences due to the gender variable for all the dimensions of study and the tool as a whole in favor of (females) except for the dimensions of stability and job security and balance between university work and social life. There were also  statistically significant differences due to the academic rank for all dimensions of the study and the tool as a whole in favor of (the associate professor, and assistant professor). The study recommended further studies on the subject of quality of work life of the faculty members in other Jordanian universities with other independent variables.
Keywords: Quality of work life, Faculty members, Jordan University of Science and Technology.


This article reviews 1) the establishment and functioning of EU citizenship, 2) the resulting perception of education for European active citizenship and 3) the question of its adequacy for enhancing democratic values and practices within the Union. Key policy documents produced by the EU help to unfold the basic assumptions on which democratic principles and values are being promoted through education; while the literature produced primarily in political and social science challenges these assumptions.

By doing so, the author argues that citizenship of the Union is creating new mechanisms of exclusion rather than promoting social equality and a strong sense of belonging to a bonding multicultural community, which are at the very core of democratic participation processes. Thus, the rhetoric embedded in the integrative process of the Union — based on the recognition of equal opportunities, access and democratic participation of all EU citizens — is founded on a limited interpretation of democratic citizenship rather than its concretisation as a multiple citizenship.

As a result, the mechanisms in place at European level are creating specific patterns of social exclusion supported by educational reforms. Most citizens are therefore being excluded, due to the distinction between active and non-active citizens, which results from institutional demand on individual's conduct, whereas little, if any, attention is paid to actual institutional practices. On the contrary, this shift in paradigm — i.e. from the institutional demand on citizens to the recognition of citizens as performing subjects — challenges the 'activism' embedded in recent debate on citizenship. Therefore it needs to be properly addressed, from a multicultural perspective, if education and learning processes are to sustain full democratic participation of all citizens and the construction of a multicultural Europe.


When the Botswana parliament passed a Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) policy in 2007, ten years after its implementation, the formal policy rejected some of the basic precepts of community based conservation—those who face the costs of living in close proximity to wildlife should receive a major share of benefits. In the national debate over the CBNRM policy, benefits from wildlife were seen analogous to diamonds to be shared by the nation. The paper explains how and why Botswana's CBNRM policy took this direction through an analysis of three key aspects: subnational bureaucratic and community-level decision-making, national political economy and shifting coalition dynamics in a dominant one party system, and the contestation between transnational indigenous peoples' networks and the Botswana government. By understanding the CBNRM process as it unfolded at the national, district, and local level over an extended period of time, the paper provides a longitudinal argument about CBNRM recentralization in Botswana. The above statement reflects the frustration that conservationists have with community based approaches in natural resource management in Botswana and indeed elsewhere in Africa. In 2007, a decade after the implementation of a donor sponsored Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) program, the Botswana parliament passed a national CBNRM policy. The policy repudiated some of the core CBNRM assumptions about local ownership, resource access, and distribution of revenues. The emphasis on the nationalization of revenues was the most significant change. The new CBNRM policy represented a major shift in the distribution of benefits, for it allocated two-thirds of the income that was accruing to community trusts in a national conservation fund. In addition, the policy gave additional oversight powers to the central government and district councils.


Brush border membrane-bound disaccharidases(lactase, sucrase, maltase) and lysosomal ennymes (α-glucosidase, β-D-fucosidase and U-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase) were studied in amniotic fluid(AF) obtained at 14th to 28th week of gestation from 126 mothers who delivered healthy babies. AF enzyme activities were correlated with gestational age and the activities of the sane enzymes in fetal intestinal mucosa, on a week by week basic. Disaccharidase activities in AP decreased with advancing qestational age. The same pattern was also found for lysosomal α-glucosidaoe and, α-D-fucosidase while no narked changes in the activity of N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase were noted. The maximal activities for sucrase, maltase, α-glucosidase, β-D-fucosidase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase wero about 10.0, 25.0 units/min/gr, 11.8, 150.0 and 155.0 units/hr/gP respectively at 16th week of gestation and decreased to nearly zero values at 26th week except for N-acetyl-β-qlucosaminidase. Comparison of disaccharidase activities in intestinal mucosa and AP showed that sucrase and maltaso were 6 to 0 times higher in the intestinal mucosa between the 14th and 20th week of gestation. By contrast, the lysosomal enzyme, α-glucosidase, demonstrated comparable activity(1:1 ratio) in intestinal mucosa and AF during the same period of gestation. The differences in distribution between AF and intestinal mucosa for brush border bound enzymes and α -glucosidase may reflect the ubiquitous origin of lysosomal α-glucosidase, only intestinal mucosa produces disaccharidases which nre segregated in utero and only available to the AP by exfoliation.


Developing and enacting IST strategies can be an immense task for organisations. Not only is IT becoming increasingly integrated into organisational processes but new IT dependent business models are now in existence. IST strategy reorientation invariably involves large investments for organisations. Therefore, meeting strategic intent is of paramount importance for organisations. This paper investigates IST strategy development and enactment in six large UK based organisations. The paper takes a specific angle by focusing on a number of key aspects, which the IT Directors in these organisations believe are crucial to ensure effective IST strategy reorientation. The results of this research illustrate that IST strategy development is not only a technical issue but also incorporates 'softer' organisational issues.


The control of the diameter of silver nanoparticles, as well as the size and shape of silver nanoplates, is crucial for a lot of applications, from antibacterial solutions or surface treatment to biosensors. We synthesised silver nanoparticles and silver nanoplates from silver nitrate through a simple chemical reduction method in ambient conditions. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) is used as both size controller and capping agent, while hydrogen peroxide and trisodium citrate (TSC) are used to control the nanoplates synthesis. Different solvents are used for obtaining the nanoparticles, i.e., water, ethylene glycol and ethanol. Standard characterisation was made by ultraviolet–visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The spherical nanoparticles solution presents a yellow colour, indicating the sole presence of Ag nanoparticles within a narrow diameter range as confirmed by the surface plasmon resonance peak which between 399 nm and 418 nm depends on the solvent. For the silver nanoplates, the colour of solutions varies from green, blue, violet, to purple when modifiers are added to the silver nanoparticle synthesis solution. We present the influence of the concentration of the different reagents on the size and shape of these nanostructures.


A study of the magnetic properties of nanoparticulate powders of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm Mg}_{0.6}{\rm Zn}_{0.4}{\rm Fe}_{2}{\rm O}_{4}$</tex></formula> mixed ferrites prepared by a combustion reaction method is presented. Measurements of the magnetization <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(M)$</tex></formula> and of the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$ac$</tex> </formula> magnetic susceptibility <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(\chi_{\rm ac})$</tex></formula> were carried out for temperature <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$(T)$</tex></formula> and applied magnetic fields <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$(H)$</tex></formula> in the ranges of 2–300 K and <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\pm$</tex> </formula> 85 kOe, respectively. The coercive field <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$H_{c}$</tex></formula> was found to be nearly T-independent (11.6–13.7 Oe) cooling the sample from 300 to 2 K. The remanence <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$M_{r}$</tex></formula> and the magnetization at the highest applied field <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$M(H=85\ {\rm kOe})$</tex></formula> were found to increase from 1.6 to 4.5 emu/g and from 58.5 to 105.0 emu/g, respectively, for temperatures in the same range. The values of <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$M(H=85\ {\rm kOe})$</tex></formula>, <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$H_{c}$</tex> </formula> and <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$M_{r}$</tex></formula> were found to be highly enhanced relative to nondoped samples and samples with higher average particle size.


This book's stated objective is to provide a reference to anesthesia techniques for dogs, cats, and exotics, and to do so in a way that is straightforward for the veterinary professional. The authors intend to give criteria for creating balanced anesthesia and analgesia, based on their personal preferences and experiences, using research where applicable.

The book is divided into 8 chapters. The first dozen pages describe the anesthetic process by splitting it into 5 steps, starting with the pre-anesthetic assessment and ending with the recovery and post-operative phase. The next chapter provides a brief overview of anesthetic equipment and monitoring. The third chapter offers the reader a comprehensive 60-page table of anesthetic drugs and fluids. The book's middle chapters make recommendations on anesthetic protocols for routine and critical procedures, and for patients with specific diseases. The following chapter on anesthetic complications is formatted according to consequences, causes, and treatment. A later chapter delves into protocols for exotics. The concluding chapter gives the reader step-by-step illustrated techniques of local analgesia. The 9 short appendices cover topics ranging from acute pain scales to epidural calculations.

The book is written clearly and is easy to understand, so it is appropriate for novice and experienced veterinarians and technicians. Color photographs, diagrams, and technique tables with numbered steps make the book user-friendly, and give the reader confidence to successfully carry out procedures. One strength of the book is its third chapter, a detailed outline of the most commonly used drugs and fluids organized in an alphabetized table. The table lists drug qualities such as dosage, duration, characteristics, and complications. Unfortunately, this strong point is weakened by the table missing 30-odd page numbers, which lessens its ease of use. The authors cite interesting new research early in the book, such as using alfaxalone. Disappointingly, later on they fail to incorporate alfaxalone into protocols, without stating a specific reason for the omission.

The book is not a detailed overview of all things anesthesia; rather, it is a guide of specific techniques. If the reader is looking for complete information on topics such as anesthetic equipment, they will need to refer elsewhere. Overall, the authors meet their objective of providing an accessible guide to small animal anesthesia techniques. I would recommend this inexpensive book to veterinarians and technicians alike.


Objective: To explore the mental process of addicts from drug use to drug abstinence, with focus on"reasons for drug use"and"how to abstain from drugs". Methods: 16 drug addicts under compulsory rehabilitation were selected,data was collected through in-depth interviews and analyzed in the method of the grounded theory. Results: 1Before the drug abuse, other problems, physical or psychological problems has been existing, which may lead to drug abuse. 2Drug abuse gives rise to cognitive dissonance, that is the difference between drug taking and the harm of drug. Then the drug addicts often take incorrect methods to solve the imbalance. Conclusion: 1The cause of drug abuse is not only a factor in the current environment, as well as the drug curiosity, shallow ignorance of psychological factors, drug abuse behavior behind the deeper reason. 2Changing cognition and implicit cognition of drug addicts is the breakthrough of psychological treatment of drug abuse.


Bandung regency known to have had to scatter material which be potential sources of revenue of them are material andesit mining sand and also .Research objectives is measuring the estimation of the distance the throw rocks due to maximum blasting , restudying in the determination of a radius of secure at blasting activities by counting the radius of safe to an instrument based on a theory that is compared with actual that had broken out and get constant k in signification fly rock according to alan b.richards and adrian j.moore to adjust to those of the rocks and stemming used .The research was done by counting the throw of maximum rock theoretically menutut alan b .Ricahrds and adrian j .Moore coupled with the observation actual fly rock in the field with the observation use video and the naked eye .Trial done by moving a radius of safe instrument less than 300 m. From the trial data, it is obtained that the maximum throw of the actual rock and the prediction with the theoretical calculation is in accordance with the recommendation of Adrian J. Moore and Alan B. Richard, so the radius to secure the tool is at least 2 times that of the actual throw. With the provision of using stemming, the safe radius for blasting is reduced to 200 m.


The invention provides a silver alloy target material and its manufacturing method and an organic light-emitting diode utilizing the silver alloy target material. The silver alloy target material is prepared from silver and indium, or indium, silver, palladium and copper. The silver alloy target material has the average crystal grain size of 33-126 micrometers. The silver alloy target material comprises, by weight, greater than or equal to 0.25wt% and less than or equal to 5wt% of indium, greater than or equal to 0.25wt% and less than or equal to 3.5wt% of palladium and greater than or equal to 0.25wt% and less than or equal to 3wt% of copper. Through use of indium or indium, palladium and copper according to a reset ratio and control of the average crystal grain size in a range of 33-126 micrometers, the silver alloy target material can be subjected to sputtering coating to form a silver alloy film with good heat resistance, sulfuration resistance, adhesion, high reflectivity and high fineness. The silver alloy target material has practicality and can be widely used for the industry and field of an organic light-emitting diode.