Two types of cyanide bridged molybdenum–copper photomagnetic films have been obtained: the first one is based on a molecular [MoCu6] complex, the other being a two-dimensional [MoCu2] coordination network. Both systems employ surfactant functionalized ligands and films were deposited on Melinex substrates using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique. All systems, including monolayer films, showed full retention of the intrinsic photomagnetic properties known for analogous solids as demonstrated by EPR spectroscopy.


This article presents results of a research that aimed at investigating the written mathematical communication of future teachers of the first years of elementary school, in relation to algebraic thinking. From the four dimensions of written mathematical communication – clarity, reasoning, logic, and depth –, identified by the adopted theoretical framework, an organization and interpretation of the data was carried out. The analyzed materials were the records written by the participating preservice teachers when they solved a task. The results reveal that, in relation to the clarity dimension, the registers present definite ideas, but they use vocabulary that is not very precise or understandable and they resort to inappropriate representations. Regarding the reasoning dimension, the records did not present formalized ideas. In the logical dimension, the records had predominant concentrations in the low and medium levels, as they present a superficial or imprecise logical organization. As for the depth dimension, it is observed that the records do not present algebraic explanations about the situation. The data indicates that future teachers are not able, in general, to accurately express algebraic constructions to explain certain situations, sometimes in the context of the tasks.


Background and Purpose: As there is little literature regarding wrist block, our study is an attempt to demonstrates that wrist block is a viable option of regional anaesthesia for dupuytren contracture release making this procedure to be performed as a day case.Patients and Methods: A consecutive cohort of 70 patients (81 digits) undergoing dupuytren contracture release under wrist block anaesthesia and upper arm tourniquet were studied retrospectively. Results: Wrist block was effective in all but 1 patient. All our patients tolerated the upper arm tourniquet except 3 patients. The average correction of deformity was 47 degrees at the PIP joint and 33 degrees at MCP joint of little finger and 37 degrees at the PIP joint and 31 degree at MCP joint of ring finger. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that if certain simple measures are taken to minimize tourniquet time then wrist block anaesthesia can be considered as an option for duputyren contracture release.


COTS (Components-Off-The-Shelf) diversity has been proposed by many recent projects to ensure intrusion detection and tolerance. However using COTS in a N-version architecture presents some drawbacks, especially in intrusion detection, which have consequences on intrusion tolerance. COTS Diversity is prone to raise many false positives (false alerts). In this article, we explain what a COTS Diversity architecture can detect and propose a masking mechanism to reduce the false positive rate. We apply this method to web servers and provide some experimental results that confirm the necessity of this mechanism.


And a first stage and a second stage, a method of forming a nanostructure having a form of a tree. The first stage, feeding at least one catalyst particle on the substrate surface, and includes a step of growing a first nanowhisker through each catalyst particle. The second stage, the periphery of each first nanowhisker comprises supplying one or more second catalyst particles, growing the second nanowhiskers extending laterally from the periphery of the first nanowhisker process. A further stage may include a step of growing one or more additional nanowhiskers extending from nanowhiskers previous stage. Heterostructure can be formed during the nanowhisker. Such nanostructures may form a component of a solar array or light emitting flat panel. In its structure, nanowhiskers are formed of photosensitive material. Neural network, placed together a plurality of first nanowhiskers near, adjacent trees come into contact with each other through nanowhiskers grown in successive stages, the tunnel barrier to the flow of current hetero bonds within nanowhisker by so forming a it can be formed.


conclude by cautioning against drawing generalizations on how these important contemporary development issues relate to one another. Mayer-Foulkes focuses on the distribution of life expectancy over time and argues that understanding changes in life expectancy requires the use of convergence clubs analysis techniques. The final five papers (San Martin; Assadzadeh and Paul; Fane and Warr; McColloch, Baulch and Cherel-Robson; Okojie) present analyses of poverty and growth for various countries. The authors review the experiences in Mozambique, Iran, Indonesia, Zambia and Nigeria. Whilst each country is worthy of inclusion, some study of China and India would have added to this section and the overall balance of the book. Van der Hoeven and Shorrocks note that no firm conclusion can be drawn from the papers in this collected volume. Growth will impact on poverty differently in different countries as a result of initial conditions, quality and type of institutions, country history and time periods. Solutions to poverty based on achieving economic growth must be country-specific – a lesson long needing learning by many international institutions. In the past, most authors have reached a certain conclusion (positive or negative) about the relationship between poverty and growth. This book quite prudently has argued a pragmatic stand on the issue that is more appropriate. This is an important book, worthy of serious reading by development experts and policy makers. It provides a good survey of a number of important aspects surrounding the relationships between economic growth and poverty reduction as well as some interesting country analysis. It may have been strengthened by inclusion of papers explicitly widening the definition of poverty to something greater than money and a look at the environment and growth and poverty, and applying an explicit social choice framework-based welfare economic analysis (Clarke and Islam, 2004) to undertake the investigations and draw conclusions.


In this paper we prove a reducibility theorem for a system of linear difference equations and we give an algorithm for an effective reduction. We then prove a new result concerning the Katz invariant for a certain class of linear difference systems. The results lead to an algorithm for an effective computation (in a finite number of steps) of the exponential part in a formal fundamental matrix solution. The algorithm is imolementable in a Computer Algebra system


This document presents a comparative study of the Encuesta National de Salud Masculina (ENSM) survey concerning mens sexual and reproductive health and the Encuesta Nacional de Epidemiologia y Salud Familiar (ENESF) survey both conducted in Honduras. It was found that Honduran men had an average of nearly 5 children during their reproductive years. A family of 3 children was considered by them to be ideal. There are contrasting results between the two surveys concerning total fertility rates. Despite disparities between the genders with respect to the category of wantedness men and women had similar ideal family sizes (3.2 and 3.0 children respectively). A comparison of marriage and fertility data from the two surveys showed that men were more likely to marry than women. Most men were knowledgeable about contraceptive use especially condoms. However most Honduran men were not well informed about sexually transmitted diseases. The men were willing to have sex education taught in secondary schools.


In the 1870's, Wolff formulated a 'trajectory theory' about trabecular bone architecture which can be succinctly written as follows: bone adapts its structure to loading conditions in a way that follows principal stress trajectories. In this study, it was assumed that the human femur is optimally adapted to the loading conditions experienced during daily activities such as walking or climbing stairs. Hence, an initially randomized structural mesoscale model of a femur was iteratively adapted to the loading conditions experienced during a range of daily activities. The resulting structure shows a good visual comparison with clinical observation and the model proved computationally efficient.


Multilingual communities often exhibit asymmetry in directionality by which the majority language exerts greater influence on the minority language. In the case of Spanish in contact with Catalan, the asymmetry of directionality, favoring stronger influence of Spanish as a majority language over Catalan, is complicated by the unique sociolinguistic statuses afforded to different varieties of Catalan. In order to empirically substantiate the social underpinnings of directionality in language contact settings, the present study examines the variable voicing and devoicing of intervocalic alveolar fricatives in Spanish, Barcelonan Catalan, and Valencian Catalan as processes that are historically endogenous and equally linguistically motivated in both languages. Intervocalic fricatives in both languages were elicited using a phrase-list reading task, alongside sociolinguistic interviews for attitudinal data, administered to 96 Catalan–Spanish bilinguals stratified by gender, age, and language dominance in Barcelona and Valencia, Spain. Patterns of sociolinguistic stratification consistent with community-level changes in progress favoring either Catalan-like voicing or Spanish-like devoicing varied by community, with a stronger influence of Catalan on Spanish in Barcelona and Spanish on Catalan in Valencia. These asymmetries, corroborated by attitudinal differences afforded to Catalan and Spanish in Barcelona and Valencia, ultimately reinforce the role of social factors in language contact outcomes.


In the United States, more than 12000 renal transplantations are performed annually; but the transplanted kidneys face a number of surgical and medical complications that cause a decrease in their functionality. In an effort to understand the reasons for this functionality decrease, considerable attention has recently been focused on Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DCE-MRI) due to its superior functional and anatomical information. The biggest challenge in the analysis of DCE-MRI is the segmentation of kidneys from abdomen images because of the high noise and partial volume effects introduced during the rapid and repeated scanning process. In this paper, a general framework is introduced for the segmentation of kidneys from DCE-MR images of the abdomen. The proposed segmentation algorithm consists of three main steps. In the first step, an average kidney shape is constructed from a dataset of previously segmented kidneys, and an average signed distance map density is obtained describing the shape of the kidneys. In the second step, the gray level density is calculated for a given new kidney image using a modified expectation maximization (EM) algorithm. In the third step, a deformable model is evolved based on the two density functions obtained from the previous two steps: the first one describes the prior shape of the kidney, and the second one describes the distribution of the gray level inside and outside the kidney region. The new deformable model is able to handle intricate shapes without getting stuck in edge points; and gives very promising results that are comparable to radiologists' segmentation.


The electric field effect on the chemical dynamical processes of gas molecules is theoretically studied. As well as directly coupling with the secondary states by the off-diagonal matrix elements of the Zeeman interaction in the direct mechanism of the magnetic field effect, the initial state does with them by the off-diagonal matrix elements of the Stark interaction in the direct mechanism of the electric field effect. The selection rule is obtained for the direct mechanism of the electric field effect. We also study the indirect mechanism of the electric field effect. Furthermore, the electric and magnetic field effects on photochemical processes of chiral molecules are studied.


Sorption/desorption studies were performed for nine selected emerging contaminants (caffeine, sulfamethoxazole, desethylatrazine, carbamazepine, atrazine, estradiol, ethinylestradiol, norethindrone and diclofenac) in sewage sludge from three different systems. Contaminants include a variety of compound classes (pesticides, hormones and pharmaceuticals) with different physicochemical properties. The objective of this work is to model their behavior in a treatment plant in the presence of a particulate phase and an aqueous phase, and at the same time, understanding their fate upon their release into the environment. The octanol-water partition coefficient (log Kow) allowed a good understanding of the results and allowed us to classify the compounds according to the two types of behavior observed: compounds with log Kow below 3 showed little or no sorption while compounds with log Kow over 3 showed a 30 to 90% sorption within the first few minutes, followed by a slow sorption during the next hours. An increase of the organic content promotes the sorption of hydrophobic compounds while a change in the pH can modify the charge on the surface of the particles and also the charge of the analytes. Only diclofenac was found to be sensitive to the different pH studied. In such a situation, it is necessary to use the pH-corrected hydrophobicity factor (log Dow). The solid-water distribution coefficient (log Kd) were determined for each compound at the end of each sorption experiment and ranged from 0.2 to 2.9. With increasing compounds hydrophobicity, desorption decreased with time and rinsing step. To simulate releases into aquatic systems, rinsing factors were determined to estimate the number of rinsing that would be needed to desorb 50 and 100 % of the sorbed concentration. Mass balances were performed after each experiment in order to not overestimate the sorption capacity of the compound and ranged from 7 to 25 % for estradiol, norethindrone and sulfamethoxazole and from 44 to 103 % for ethinylestradiol, atrazine, desethylatrazine, carbamazepine, caffeine and diclofenac.


3D visual grounding is the task of localizing the object in a 3D scene which is referred by a description in natural language. With a wide range of applications ranging from autonomous indoor robotics to AR/VR, the task has recently risen in popularity. A common formulation to tackle 3D visual grounding is grounding-by-detection, where localization is done via bounding boxes. However, for real-life applications that require physical interactions, a bounding box insufficiently describes the geometry of an object. We therefore tackle the problem of dense 3D visual grounding, i.e. referral-based 3D instance segmentation. We propose a dense 3D grounding network ConcreteNet, featuring three novel stand-alone modules which aim to improve grounding performance for challenging repetitive instances, i.e. instances with distractors of the same semantic class. First, we introduce a bottom-up attentive fusion module that aims to disambiguate inter-instance relational cues, next we construct a contrastive training scheme to induce separation in the latent space, and finally we resolve view-dependent utterances via a learned global camera token. ConcreteNet ranks 1st on the challenging ScanRefer online benchmark by a considerable +9.43% accuracy at 50% IoU and has won the ICCV 3rd Workshop on Language for 3D Scenes"3D Object Localization"challenge.


Al-Yaseen et al. report on a retrospective analysis on the risk of recurrence in bleeding or thromboembolism in patients given dalteparin in a weight-based dose of 200 IU kg for initial treatment of acute venous thromboembolism [1]. Based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamic studies, it looks likely that during a 5–7 days treatment plasma antifactor Xa levels do not differ between obese and normal weighted patients [2]. However, clinical data may differ with regard to bleeding complications or recurrent events. Accordingly, most of the available low-molecular-weight heparins are dosed on a body weight basis and only one low-molecular-weight heparin, certoparin, is given in a fixed dose of 8000 IU b.i.d. for patients weighting between 50 and well above 100 kg [3,4]. The clinical outcome of a relation of a fixed dose low-molecular-weight heparin on the 6 months incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism and on bleeding complications showed a lack of a relation between recurrent thromboembolic events for patients weighting between 50 and 80 and over 80 kg. The same was observed for patients receiving aPTT-adjusted intravenous unfractionated heparin. Major bleeding complications were also similar in these categories of body weights but were higher for aPTT-adjusted intravenous unfractionated heparin. The paper describes a retrospective analysis performed between 1996 and 2003 and the readers need to know whether, and if so, from which other studies the data have been generated. A statement on the ethics and the patient informed consent is missing in the publication. The authors found two major bleeding complications during the study period in obese patients in contrast to no recurrent event after initial dosing of body weight adjusted dalteparin for the initial treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis. Thus, the conclusion of a safe dosing of body weight adjusted subcutaneous dalteparin is not yet supported by the presented data.


When China tells Hong Kong to 'Keep on dancing, keep on horse racing', locals ask to what extent 'the people of Hong Kong' can choose to dance to their own tunes?


OF THE DISCLOSURE A food acidulant consisting essentially of malic acid with a minor amount of succinic acid. The acidulant is produced by subjecting a solution of malic acid contain ing maleic and/or fumaric acid to convert the unsaturated carboxylic acids to succinic acid. This invention relates to the purification of malic acid, a new malic acid composition and a method for preparing the same. More particularly it relates to the preparation of malic acid substantially free from maleic and/or fumaric acids. Malic acid is a particularly desirable food acidulant because of its high solubility in water, smooth tart taste, and unusual taste-blending and flavor fixing qualities. However when malic acid is prepared by the usual and economical procedure of hydrating maleic and/or fumaric acid, it is always contaminated by some maleic acid which is highly toxic to warm-blooded animals, and consequently the presence of maleic acid even in minor quantities is objectionable in products designed for human consump


This experiment was carried out using ten linseed varieties; conducted during the 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 main cropping season at Dedo, Semodo and Gech in South Western parts of Ethiopia. The experimental design was RCBD with three replications. Data were collected on eight quantitative morphological traits with the objectives of to test the performance of released linseed varieties on yield and yield related components at South Western parts of Ethiopia and to select well adapted varieties for the tested location. The across location analysis showed significant differences (p<0.05) among varieties and locations (p<0.05) for most of the parameters, including grain yield. However, the interactions; (L*V) and (L*V*Y) showed non-significant differences. Mean grain yield ranged from 1.55 t/ha to 2.06 t/ha. The three high yielding varieties Blistar (2.06 t/ha), Kulumsa-1 (2.05 t/ha) and Jeldu (1.94 t/ha) are recommended for Dedo, Gechi and Somodo, and similar areas in Jimma, Buno Bedele and Ilu-Ababora zones. Therefore, these varieties have to be promoted to the farmer.


Gaming characters of the 21st century have an extraordinary embodiment, fluidity of movement and naturalness, becoming more and more realistic and convincing, thanks to constant improvements in technology. However, there are always exceptions; disruptions, imperfections and glitches, whether through unexpected programming errors, forced "cheats" or the users' inability to control the characters in seamless game-play. There is still the potential for awkwardness, otherness and instability between spells of perfection.


In this paper, an experimental method was utilized to investigate acoustic emission (AE) characteristics and to identify emission sources of the nonlinear AE signal on the cylinder body of a large low-speed two-stroke marine diesel engine in real-working conditions on the sea in misfiring and normal firing modes. Measurements focused on the AE signal acquired in a transverse direction in low-frequency (20–80 kHz), medium-frequency (100–400 kHz) and high-frequency (400–900 kHz) ranges. The collected signals were analyzed on the crank angle and crank angle-frequency domains. The results showed that all potential sources of the nonlinear AE signal could be mapped in the low-frequency range. However, only the AE signal caused by the combustion process at around the top dead center could be well-observed in the medium-to-high-frequency range. The findings also revealed that in normal firing conditions, the AE energy radiated by friction in the down-stroke period was smaller than in the up-stroke process due to gas-sealing forces. Moreover, the AE energy in the misfiring condition was higher than in the normal firing state. These outcomes considerably contributed understandings to characteristics of friction and wear around the mid-stroke area of the cylinder on a two-stroke marine diesel engine.


1. Foetal rhesus monkeys (at 10–16 weeks gestation) were treated in utero with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subsequently, as neonates, were tested for immunity or tolerance.

2. Five out of six monkeys treated in utero with 100 mg BSA were tolerant to BSA at challenge.

3. Some foetuses responded to treatment with 1–8 mg BSA in adjuvant with formation of antibody.

4. One monkey treated with a total of 350 mg BSA during the first 3 weeks after birth was tolerant to BSA at challenge; two other neonatal monkeys treated with 100 mg BSA did not show tolerance.


Primary hemangiopericytomas of the lung are uncommon sarcomas that arise from pericytes that surround the basement membrane of capillaries and small venules within the lung parenchyma. The presenting symptoms and signs depend on the location of the tumor and radiologic features are not diagnostic. The behavior of pulmonary hemangiopericytomas is difficult to predict and all tumors should be considered potentially malignant. Wide surgical excision remains the mainstay of treatment. We report a case of primary hemangiopericytoma of the lung with a brief review of literature.


Morphologically, the digestive tracts of the king angelfish Holacunthus passer and the Cortes angelfish Pomacanthus zonipectus are similar, yet the king angelfish intestine is almost 30% longer than that of the Cortes angelfish. Both pomacanthids have a small mouth with villiform teeth, a short oesophagus, a well-defined stomach, and a terminal sac at the end of the digestive tract. The terminal sac, the acid pH in the stomach, and the long intestine may facilitate efficient use of seaweed nutrients. Stomach contents were analysed to determine diets and interspecific overlap. Seventy-one species were found in the stomachs of the king angelfish and 53 in the stomachs of the Cortes angelfish. Because of the wide range of species in their diets, both angelfish must be regarded as omnivorous. The most frequent foods were seaweed and sponges, but for the king angelfish, crustaceans were also important. A cluster analysis was done to determine whether the diets of these fish were similar by sex, size, or season. No similarities were found. Dietary overlap is high in relation to other pomacanthids.


Despite the expansion of public service motivation (PSM) research in recent years, only a few studies have linked PSM with public employees` turnover, and they have typically understood turnover as a dichotomous decision of staying versus leaving. Unlike previous research, we explore the relationship by taking into account various exit options. Utilizing data from the 2005 Merit Principles Survey, we classify public employees` exit strategies into four types-not leaving, retiring, moving to another federal agency, and resigning from federal service-and examine how an indirect measure of PSM influences which of these exit strategies they intend to follow. We employ the indirect measure due to data availability; following previous research, we name this measure public duty motivation. Our findings suggest that the impact of public duty motivation varies across intended exit strategies: it decreases the likelihood of public employees intending to retire, while it leads them to be more likely to intend to move to another job within the federal government. In contrast, it is not a significant predictor of public employees` intention to resign from federal service.


This volume introduces a new generation of historical scholarship. Historians of technology have long encouraged each other to find ways to broaden studies of technology: to incorporate women's experience as well as men's; to maintain historical understandings of context and contingency; to resist narrowing studies of technology to the machine shop or the drafting table. These articles pursue the implications of such prescriptions, making use of recent theoretical literature on gender to explore connections between technology and culture in ways not fully possible before. Following such paths of inquiry makes clear this project's formidable scope. Gender ideologies play a central role in human interactions with technology, and technology in Western culture is crucial to the ways male and female identities are formed, gender structures defined, and gender ideologies constructed. Despite the pervasive importance of both gender and technology as parts of the human experience, scholars have only begun to explore their historical interrelationships. Seeking to facilitate a richer conversation about these issues, we address this introduction, and the historiographical essay following, to both historians of technology and scholars studying gender.


Abstract The main objective of this research is to investigate the Predictability of Financial Statements Fraud-Risk Using Benford's Law on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Therefore, based on financial fraud detection criteria, a sample of 50 companies was extracted that 25 companies had fraud-risk in financial statements (experimental group) and 25 did not have fraud-risk (control group). Next, the frequency distribution of the first left digit of the numbers in the financial statements as well as the financial ratios of both groups was extracted, and their conformity with Benford's distribution was evaluated through the chi-square test to test the research hypotheses. The comparison between the mentioned frequency distribution and Benford's distribution showed a significant difference. The result indicates that Benford's law cannot predict the financial statements fraud-risk of companies, in other words, Benford's law cannot separate companies with fraud-risk from those without fraud-risk in financial statements.


A range of 3-hydroxymethylindoles undergo acid-catalysed reactions involving ipso-electrophilic substitution with the extrusion of methanal and the formation of diindolylmethane moieties. Both inter- and intramolecular processes lead to macrocyclic compounds 10 and 14.


The effect of a nanosecond laser irradiation of thin (60 and 145 nm) amorphous, diamond-like carbon films deposited on Si substrate by an ion beam deposition (IBD) from pure acetylene and acetylene/hydrogen (1:2) gas mixture was analyzed in this work. The films were irradiated with the infrared (IR) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation of the nanosecond Nd:YAG lasers working at the first (1.16 eV) and the third (3.48 eV) harmonics, using a multi-shot regime. The IR laser irradiation stimulated a minor increase in the fraction of sp2 bonds, causing a slight decrease in the hardness of the films and initiated SiC formation. Irradiation with the UV laser caused the formation of carbides and increased hydrogenization of the Si substrate and the fraction of sp2 sites. Spalliation and ablation were observed at a higher energy density and with a large number of laser pulses per spot.


A great interest has grown in recent years in the scientific community on the synthesis and application of hierarchical zeolites, i.e. zeolites having at least two levels of porosity. The presence of a secondary mesoporosity, in addition to the typical zeolite micropores, in these materials provides them with singular properties and, therefore, with a high potential for novel applications in different fields. Hierarchical zeolites possess enhanced textural properties and increased mass transfer rates. As a consequence, they suffer of quite lower steric and diffusion limitations than conventional zeolites, which is especially important properties in the processing of bulky molecules. Hierarchical zeolites have been also reported to show a better resistance to deactivation by coking. In addition, the availability of the additional mesoporosity provides an ideal space for supporting other active phase with a high dispersion and strong interaction with the support, opening new ways for the development of improved bifunctional zeolitic catalysts. Although selectivity towards the target products may be negatively affected by the occurrence of non-desired reactions over the mesopore surface of hierarchical zeolites, the results so far reported indicate that this does not occur in many cases, hence it is possible to achieve zeolitic catalysts with enhanced accessibility and catalytic activity while preserving at the same time a remarkable selectivity.


Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the number one cause of mortality in the world for both men and women, thus improving its diagnosis and treatment is a priority. Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a common auto-immune disease associated with high rates of CVD. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) offers a multi-parametric, quantitative approach to the assessment of the heart and cardiovascular system with a host of techniques allowing assessment of anatomy, ventricular function, myocardial composition, myocardial perfusion, vascular performance and myocardial metabolism during a single scan. Its quantitative nature and lack of ionising radiation lend themselves ideally to the longitudinal study of subclinical CVD.

Aims: To assess 1) whether blood longitudinal relaxation (T1) can be used to estimate blood haematocrit value to allow calculation of extracellular myocardial volume fraction (ECV), 2) whether CMR feature tracking (CMR-FT) is a feasible means of assessing aortic stiffness, 3) whether global longitudinal strain (GLS) is reduced in patients with prior MI with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction versus healthy controls, 4) whether aortic stiffness is present at all time points in the disease course of RA and 5) whether subclinical CV abnormalities in newly diagnosed RA improve with treatment and if the anti-tumour necrosis α Inhibitor Etanercept offers additional benefit over standard treatment.

Methods: Patients were recruited between and February 2011 and February 2017. All patients underwent a comprehensive, multi-parametric CMR study including cine and late Gadolinium enhancement imaging at either 1.5 or 3.0T.

Results: 1) estimation of blood haematocrit from blood T1 value provides accurate estimation of 'synthetic' ECV, 2) CMR-FT assessment of aortic stiffness is feasible and provides reproducible values for descending and ascending aortic strain values, 3) GLS is reduced in prior MI patients versus healthy controls (-17.3 ± 3.7% versus -19.3 ± 1.9% respectively, p=0.012). A GLS cut-off value of 18% correctly identifies prior MI with a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 72.5%, 4) Aortic stiffness is evident in at risk RA individuals, newly diagnosed RA as well as established RA and 5) Aortic distensibility and left ventricular mass improve significantly in newly diagnosed RA patients following treatment. Etanercept appears to offer additional benefit over standard treatment evidenced by numerical improvements in aortic distensibility.


This master report presents a voltage tracking of dc-dc buck-boost converter. The dcdc
Buck converter is designed to tracking the output voltage with three mode of
operation. This master report consists open loop control, closed loop control with
PID controller. The Buck-Boost converter has some advantages compare to the
others type of dc converter. However the nonlinearity of the dc-dc Buck-Boost
converter characteristics, cause it is difficult to handle by using conventional method
such as open loop control system.. In order to overcome this main problem, a close
loop control system using proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller is
developed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by develop
simulation model in MATLAB-Simulink program. The simulation results show that
the proposed proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller produce significant
improvement control performance compare to convational converter for voltage
tracking output for dc-dc Buck-Boost converter.


Additive manufacturing (AM) is an alternative method for producing parts and can be an economical method even when compared to traditional manufacturing methods, especially for low volume and/or high complexity parts. Over the past decade, process and material advances have greatly improved the quality and robustness of AM parts (also referred to as 3D printing) as well as a greater number of material choices.


BACKGROUND
Cache Valley virus (CVV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is a rare cause of disease in humans. In the Fall of 2020, a patient developed encephalitis six weeks following kidney transplantation and receipt of multiple blood transfusions.

METHODS
After ruling out more common etiologies, metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was performed. We reviewed the medical histories of the index kidney recipient, organ donor, and recipients of other organs from the same donor and conducted a blood traceback investigation to evaluate blood transfusion as a possible source of infection in the kidney recipient. We tested patient specimens by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), cell culture, and whole genome sequencing.

RESULTS
CVV was detected in CSF from the index patient by mNGS, and this result was confirmed by RT-PCR, viral culture, and additional whole genome sequencing. The organ donor and other organ recipients had no evidence of infection with CVV by molecular or serologic testing. Neutralizing antibodies against CVV were detected in serum from a donor of red blood cells received by the index patient immediately prior to transplant. CVV neutralizing antibodies were also detected in serum from a patient who received the co-component plasma from the same blood donation.

CONCLUSION
Our investigation demonstrates probable CVV transmission through blood transfusion. Clinicians should consider arboviral infections in unexplained meningoencephalitis after blood transfusion or organ transplantation. The use of mNGS testing might facilitate detection of rare, unexpected infections, particularly in immunocompromised patients.


HPLC quantitative assay of quinocetone in edible chicken tissues was established to determine the withdrawal time.63 chicken were given 75 mg/kg quinocetone additive in feed for two and half months and killed to collect tissue samples.After tissue samples were extracted and purified with actoactate and other reagents,they were measured at 312 nm wave length,methOH-water(70∶30) mobile phase and 1.0 mL/min flow rate.The result showed that the lowest concentrations measured in fat,liver,kidney and muscle tissues were all 0.005 μg/g.The average recovery rates in muscle,fat,liver and kidney were(99.23±2.75)%,(105.15±8.65)%,(93.55±11.16)% and(104.10±9.80)%,respectively.RSDs of quinocetone concentration in each tissue for intraday and interday were less than 8.5%.quinocetone in muscle and fat was not existed for 1 day,and in liver and kidney for 2 days.As a result,the assay was sensitive and high repeatable.The withdrawal time of quinocetone in chicken was 0 day.


The application of the lex mercatoria is debated by considering the questions like whether these sources constitute an autonomous legal order and whether it represents usage in international trade. It is observed that the lex mercatoria, 'common principles of law' are vague and uncertain in front of UNIDROIT Principles.


ABSTRACT. Microsporidia are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites that can cause opportunistic infections in AIDS patients. Species from five genera of microsporidia are presently known to infect man. One species, Septata intestinalis originally was detected in stool specimens of individuals with chronic diarrhea and subsequently was found to disseminate to the kidneys, lungs, and nasal sinuses. This organism has since been reclassified as Encephalitozoon and in this study, we report the culture of Encephalitozoon intestinalis from a bronchoalveolar lavage specimen and a nasal mucus aspirate of two AIDS patients living in the USA. The bronchoalveolar and nasal microsporidian isolates grew in several continuous cell lines including RK‐13, MDCK, HT‐29, Caco‐2, Vero, and 1047. Transmission electron microscopy of the clinical and cell culture specimens revealed that the new isolates appeared to be E. intestinalis based on morphology and growth of organisms in septated membrane‐bound parasitophorous vacuoles. The new E. intestinalis isolates were characterized and compared with the first isolated E. intestinalis that was cultured from stool to confirm their identity and to determine if there existed any minor differences, as seen in the closely related Encephalitozoon cuniculi strains. By the methods of sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis staining for proteins and carbohydrates, Western blot immunodetection, and polymerase chain reaction‐based methods with restriction endonuclease digestion, double‐stranded DNA heteroduplex mobility shift analysis, and DNA sequencing of the ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region, the new isolates were identical to each other and to the reference isolate of E. intestinalis. In addition, with any of these methods, the E. intestinalis organisms could be distinguished from the three E. cuniculi strains, Encephalitozoon hellem, and Vittaforma corneae, which is important for diagnostics, therapeutic strategies, and epidemiology.


Objective Direct damages that abdominal compartment syndrome(ACS) inflicts on intestinal mucosal barrier could be intestinal mucosal ischemia and dilatation of the intestinal tight junction(TJ).The purpose of the study was to examine the microscopic changes of intestinal villi and ultrastructural changes of TJ in the presence of intra-abdominal hypertension(IAH) of 20 mmHg,and to investigate the relationship of intestinal villus damage with ultrastructural changes of TJ and ACS.Methods Forty Sprague-Daley rats weighing(250 ± 25) g were equally divided into a control and three experimental groups,the latter subjected to intra-abdominal pressure of 20 mmHg for 1,2 and 4 hours,respectively.The specimens of the intestine were obtained and submitted to histopathologic examination by HE staining and to ultrastructural analysis under the scanning electron microscope.Results The histopathologic study revealed different degrees of changes ranging from swelling and degeneration of villous epithelial cells to extensive denudation and collapse of the villus.Ultrastructural analysis showed the dilatation of TJ and paracellular spaces in the presence of IAH.The severity of the damage was related to the time of IAH.Conclusion Increased IAH caused significant damage to the intestinal epithelium and marked dilatation of intestinal TJ,leading to the increased mucosal barrier permeability,which may explain the frequent association of IAH with bacterial translocation and sepsis.


Single-layer physically based urban canopy models (UCM) have gained popularity for modeling urban‐ atmosphere interactions, especially the energy transport component. For a UCM to capture the physics of conductive, radiative, and turbulent advective transport of energy, it is important to provide it with an accurate parameter space, including both mesoscale meteorological forcing and microscale surface inputs. While field measurement of all input parameters to a UCM is rarely possible, understanding the model sensitivity to individual parameters is essential todeterminethe relative importanceof parameteruncertainty for model performance. In this paper, an advanced Monte Carlo approach—namely, subset simulation—is used to quantifythe impact of the uncertaintyof surface input parameters on the output of an offline modified version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-UCM. On the basis of the conditional sampling technique, the importance of surface parameters is determined in terms of their impact on critical model responses. It is found that model outputs (both critical energy fluxes and surface temperatures) are highly sensitive to uncertainties in urban geometry, whereas variations in emissivities and building interior temperatures are relatively insignificant. In addition, the sensitivity of the model to input surface parameters is also shown to be very weakly dependent on meteorological parameters. The statistical quantification of the model's sensitivity to input parameters has practical implications, such as surface parameter calibrations in UCM and guidance for urban heat island mitigation strategies.


Establishing measures to evaluate the level of service (LOS) at airport passenger terminals is of interest to airlines and airport operators. Airport LOS has been evaluated at individual airports, but no standard method or reporting system exists. Airport passenger terminal LOS and capacity have been research topics over the past two decades. More recently, studies have been initiated to identify the passenger terminal problem in general and capacity and service measures in particular. In 1986, FAA responded to concerns about an inadequate understanding of passenger terminal capacity constraints by commissioning TRB to study ways to measure airport capacity. This study recognized that the capacity of any given airport facility cannot be evaluated without defining acceptable LOS values. Currently, however, little agreement exists on analysis methods. No universally accepted way exists to measure LOS for airport terminal buildings. In this regard, various approaches developed by different agencies and researchers are reviewed. This review is useful for professionals interested in applying one of the methods previously developed but not having access to all published information, especially the new approaches. The intent of this review is to motivate new research on the subject, which would facilitate the integration of various existing methods or the development of new approaches.


In this study, it was aimed to determine the cost components of combine harvester use and investigate combine harvester management systems in Yozgat province. The main material of this study consisted of surveys conducted to combine harvester owners determined via a systematic sampling method in the region, and secondary data. In sampling, the sample size was determined as 62. According to the research findings, the annual total income regarding combine harvester use was calculated as 18 416 USD and the annual total cost as 14 703 USD. The annual net profit was 3 713 USD and the annual profitability was 7.45%. Even though the annual profitability was lower than other investment vehicles, it was all right in an economic sense. In the region, It was seen that combine harvester use has taken shape as "a combine harvester management system". It was determined that combine harvester managers/owners have also harvested in the other regions to use combine harvester capacity. The study is important in terms of the role of machine management in agriculture and its results.


Natural history is an important component of any ecological or conservation research. Very often this is not given adequate attention, and observations on the genera or species are often generalized to other, supposedly similar, congeneric species. In this study, we document the natural history of fruit-frugivore interactions of Myristica beddomei (Myristicaceae) found in the mid-elevation evergreen forests of the Western Ghats, India, and determine how different these interactions are compared to other Myristicaceae species. M. beddomei has a single hard seed covered by an orange-yellow aril. Species of Myristicaceae are usually dispersed by large frugivorous birds, and also by primates in the Neotropics. In South Asia, Myristicaceae dispersal is usually by large birds such as hornbills, but our observations over several years indicate that M. beddomei is not bird-dispersed, even though some fruit traits suggest bird dispersal. Our observations suggest that obligate seed predators like macaques and squirrels can facilitate dispersal of the species. We discuss these observations and explore why such outliers might have evolved in the region


ABSTRACT In this paper, we prove that fourth-order equations involving biharmonic operator with superlinear growth at infinity and saddle structure near zero have three nontrivial solutions. The approach is based on a combination of bifurcation theory and minimax methods.


In recent decades the role of the Internet in day-to-day activities are rapidly increased due to the accessibility and completion of tasks with in fraction of a second, as well as the banking and billing process proceeds online. Due to the character of openness in networks, security is the big threat to users. The intruders enter into the network in different manners to get access or change the original contents as well as block the connection, etc. The intrusion detection (IDS) process is a mandate to overcome the issues, the IDS is classified as misuse detection as well as anomaly detection. This paper constructed a framework for anomaly detection in the cloud environment. The constructed framework model uses the Rule-based Bayesian Optimization (RBBO) for the attack and malicious activities detection. The RBBO model uses the weighted rule-based approach with the estimation of mean and standard deviation in the dataset attributed to the attack and anomaly detection. Based on the generated rules the conditions are provided within the Bayesian Network for the dimensionality reduction. Through implementation of the Bayesian Network classification of attacks are performed for the KDD cup and real-time dataset. The comparative analysis expressed that the RBBO model performance is effective for the detection of anomalies and attacks in the cloud with the reduced false positive rate.


Zimet's knowledge of AIDS scale was completed anonymously by 2,209 university students to assess whether a split-half approach in which items in each half were matched for content would provide better estimates of reliability than other methods. Analysis indicated that the odd-even Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient was lower than both the alpha coefficient and the content-based split-half coefficient. The Cronbach alpha was similar to the content-based Spearman-Brown reliability coefficient.


Cockroach allergen exposure elicits cockroach sensitization and poses an increased risk for asthma. However, the major components in cockroach allergen and the mechanisms underlying the induction of cockroach allergen‐induced allergy and asthma remain largely elusive. We sought to examine the role of cockroach‐associated glycan in regulating human basophil function.


Acephate, carbaryl, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, permethrin and methidathion applied as foliar sprays were evaluated in the field for crop protection against the potato leafhopper, Empoasca hbae (Harris), infesting valencia peanuts, Arachis hypogaea L., in Ontario. All of the insecticides significantly suppressed nymphal populations and the results obtained were consistent over the 3 years. The residual toxicity of each material at the rates applied was discussed. Sampling data demonstrated that monitoring of nymphs can be used successfully to schedule insecticidal sprays for control of this pest on peanuts grown commercially in Ontario. cant effects on peanut plant growth and yield. In order to recommend appropriate protection practices from this pest, there is an urgent need for field evaluation of insecticides for obtaining efficacy data to support the Canadian registration of effective chemicals against this insect. Investigations reported here are field studies on the chemical control of the potato leafhoppers on peanuts in Ontario over the 3-year period from 1980 to 1982.


Abstract «Fortunately we don't build a Trabant». The East German shipyard industry between optimism about the future and the crisis, 1989/90 to 1994 The «Peaceful Revolution» led to a tremendous political, economic and social transition. The rapidly collapsing present with its very uncertain parameters had an impact on the social and cultural realities of everyday life. Especially the GDR shipyard industry, as one of the key industries, shaped specific experiences and formed the mentalities of the region's people. By looking at the shipbuilding firm's privatisation process after 1989, this article examines how the upheavals of the «Wende» opened a framework in which many actors operated in the context of their own experiences and their own points of view, which shaped their perceptions and actions. The article discusses how public communications and optimistic promises from politicians and economic actors prompted specific expectations. The difficulties that the shipbuilding industry actually faced after the end of the planned economy were known to those responsible and even debated within the Treuhandanstalt (THA), but seemed to take a back seat in public communication fields. Especially during the first phase of privatisation, which is defined here as the period from November 1989 to 1991, we can see how promises are made and by whom, as well as how and why this could lead to disappointment and disillusionment on the one hand and new beginnings and horizons on the other. This first phase reveals the contradictions of expectations and reality.


After briefly reviewing chiral quark models with non-local regulators and listing their advantages over the conventional Nambu-Jona-Lasionio-like models, we study vector meson correlators in both types of approaches. Since effective chiral quark models are valid in the Eulidean domain only, with −0.5 GeV2⩽q2⩽0, in our study the meson correlators are not described directly, but with help of a method based on dispersion relations for the physical correlators. A set of sum rules is derived, which allows for a comparison of model predictions to data. We find that both the local and non-local models fail to satisfy the sum rules, unless very low values of the constituent quark mass parameter are used. We also show that the two Weinberg sum rules hold in the non-local model.


Effect of post harvest treatments with calcium chloride and salicylic acid on physiological and biochemical parameters in relation to activities of antioxidative enzymes were investigated in radish and carrot. Carrot of variety Punjab Carrot Red and radish of variety Punjab Safed Mooli 2 were harvested, washed and treated with CaCl2 (1, 1.5 and 2%) or SA ( 1, 1.5 and 2mM). Treated as well as untreated carrot and radish were placed in open trays and stored under ambient and refrigerated conditions. Irrespective of treatments and environmental conditions, a gradual decline in weight, colour, texture and carotenoid content with simultaneous enhancement in total soluble solids, total antioxidant activity and ascorbic acid content was found with increase in storage period in both radish and carrot whereas titrable acidity and total phenolics first increased reaching to its maximum and declined thereafter. In carrot, the activities of antioxidative enzymes i.e. CAT, SOD, GR and DHAR and in radish activities of enzymes CAT, GR, POX and MDHAR first increased to maximum followed by decline at the latter stages under both the storage conditions. Activities of POX and MDHAR in carrot and activities SOD and DHAR in radish showed a gradual enhancement throughout the storage period under ambient as well as refrigerated conditions. Changes in physiological, biochemical quality parameters and activities of enzymes during storage were high under ambient conditions as compared to refrigerated conditions. Treatment of carrot and radish with CaCl2 and SA slowed down the changes in biochemical and physiological quality parameters and enhanced the rate of increase in activities of antioxidative enzymes as compared to untreated carrot and radish under both the storage conditions. Effectiveness of different treatments in maintaining the biochemical quality parameters was in order of 1.5mM SA> 1.5% CaCl2> 1mM SA> 2mM SA. However treatment of carrot and radish with 1% and 2% CaCl2 were not much effective. Among all the treatments, 1.5mM SA under refrigerated condition maintained the quality parameters to greater extent and can be used to enhance the shelf life of carrot and radish.


A class that provides a fat interface violates the interface segregation principle, which states that the clients of the class should not be coupled with methods that they do not need. Coping with this problem involves extracting interfaces that satisfy the needs of the clients. In this paper, we envision an interface extraction method that serves a combination of four principles: (1) fitness, as the extracted interfaces have to fit the needs of the clients, (2) clarity, as the interfaces should not be cluttered with duplicated methods declarations due to the clients' similar needs, (3) flexibility, as it should be easy to maintain the extracted interfaces to cope with client changes, without affecting parts of the software that are not concerned by the changes, and (4) practicality, as the interface extraction should account for practical issues like the number of extracted interfaces, domain/developer specific constraints on what to include in the interfaces, etc. Our preliminary results show that it is feasible to extract interfaces by respecting the aforementioned principles. Moreover, our results reveal a number of open issues around the trading between fitness, clarity, flexibility and practicality.


The transient response of passivated metallic electrode system under potential step was analyzed based on a linear model, and a technique for calculating the parameters characterizing the growth and dissolution of passive film was proposed. It is believed that the information which is expected to be gained from the impedance measurement can be obtained by this technique and that this technique is superior to impedance measurement as it is much more rapid than the latter.


In this study, we have found an upper and lower bounds for the norm (1 < p<∞) of Cauchy-Toeplitz matrix in the form Tn = Moreover, we have given a conjecture for the norm of this matrix.


Much work has been done in the field of Natural Language Processing in the last decade, especially in the areas of information extraction and text (document) retrieval. Numerous systems have been developed, each using its own techniques and theories for processing text. The explosive growth of the Internet and the amount of information available on the information super-highway has created large collections of free text that is easily and readily available to a large number of people. This has created opportunities for computers to play an increasingly important role in processing this large collection of text. This phenomenal growth in the amount of information available has also given the impetus to most of the current areas of research in Natural Language Processing.
This dissertation presents several Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, both theoretical and practical, that further the research already done. In particular, the work described here involves systems for information extraction (IE), information retrieval (IR), document summarization, named entity identification (NE), word sense disambiguation (WSD), coreferencing, and cross-document coreferencing. In addition to building these systems, the research has also been focussed on building models for analyzing the complexities of various NLP tasks, and on using the models for analyzing the performance of systems on such tasks.


The article tells about the need for every art teacher to understand his responsibility to the state and the people, in particular, to educate the next generation as a professional who can provide sufficient knowledge in his profession, scientific and pedagogical skills, skills and life of singers in Margilan.


This paper explores visual of west area and design model from the considered factor of visual of west area and design model,analyzes economical stratagem of it and pinpoints that other problem will be readily solved with west economy developed,west visualization modeled and economy developing all right.


Background: Several reports on neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection have been published. However, systematic description on intensive care unit acquired weakness (ICUAW) are still missing. Methods: The objective was to determine the incidence and characteristics of critical illness polyneuropathy (CIN) and myopathy (CIM) in patients with severe COVID-19. We also aimed to describe the electrophysiological features and their relation to plasma biomarkers for neuronal injury. This was a prospective observational intensive care unit cohort study. All adult patients admitted to the general intensive care unit (ICU) at Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden, between March 13 and June 8, 2020 were screened for inclusion. Patients with PCR confirmed COVID-19 were included. All patients were admitted to intensive care treatment due to severe COVID-19, including intravenous anaesthesia, opioid anaelgesia, neuromuscular blockade and mechanical ventilation. Associations of clinical, electrophysiological (sensory and motor conduction studies and electromyography) and biomarker data [neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAp) and tau] were studied between COVID-19 patients who developed CIN/CIM and those who did not. Results: 111 COVID-19 patients were included, 11 (11 males, mean age: 64 years) developed CIN/CIM whereas 100 (74 males, mean age: 61 years) did not (non-CIN/CIM). The CIN/CIM incidence was higher in COVID-19 patients compared to a general ICU-population treated during 2019 (9.9% vs 3.4%). In particular CIN was more frequent in the COVID-19 ICU cohort (50%) compared with the non-COVID-19 ICU cohort (0%, p=0.008). NfL and GFAp levels were higher in the CIN/CIM group both at the early (<9 days) and late time points (>11 days) compared with the non-CIN/CIM group (both p=0.001) and correlated with nerve amplitudes. Conclusions: CIN/CIM, in particular CIN, were more prevalent among COVID-19 patients than an ICU treated control cohort and should be considered in the differential diagnostic workup and the further rehabilitation of COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 patients who later developed ICUAW had significantly higher NfL and GFAp in the early phase of ICU care, which suggests their potential as predictive biomarkers. Trial registration: The study protocol was registered (ClinicalTrialsID:NCT04316884). Mechanisms for Organ Dysfunction in Covid-19 (UMODCOVID19) March 18, 2020.


A high sensitivity silicon micromachined vibrating gyroscope has been designed and fabricated.The gyroscope is actuated by electrostatic force and detects coriolis forces by four piezoresistors which are connected to form a Wheatstone bridge.High sensitivity is achieved by main beam and micro beam proof mass structure.The main beam,which is rigid,provides high mechanical rigidity and high natural frequency.The micro beams are slim and they will elongate or shorten axially when the gyroscope is tested.The piezoresistors are diffused on micro beams so that very large stress occurs when the proof mass moves slightly.Under 5V dc supply,the sensitivity of the sensing mode is 27.45 mV/g_n theoretically.Piezoresistive four-terminal element is used for monitoring driving amplitude and compensating piezoresistive temperature coefficient by a feedback loop.The Q value of driving mode is as high as 260,so that the gyroscope is capable of working under atmosphere.The gyroscope is fabricated by n type silicon wafer.To obtain high aspect ratio structure,deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process is employed.


Over the past decade, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have successfully uncovered many susceptibility loci for common diseases. However, the identified loci only explain a small portion of genetic risks (Jia, et al., 2011). It is challenging to uncover the remaining risky loci as their association signals are likely to be moderate or weak. One potential solution to this challenge is to incorporate other functional information, such as protein-protein interaction (PPI) or gene co-expression network, to investigate joint association signals beyond single markers (Jia, et al., 2012).


Water is a fundamental survival need of mankind. In fact, denying people access to water is tantamount to denying them a basic human right. Still, about one billion people around the world do not have access to safe drinking water. In developing countries, especially in small island states, water assumes great importance in sustainable development. Although water is an economic resource, its availability is intrinsically related to the question of affordability by the public at large. This paper examines the issues related to water accessibility, supply, demand, management and governance in the Caribbean island of Jamaica. The development of new water supply schemes in Jamaica is being carried out by a private company, Carib Engineering Corporation Limited, while the distribution of water, maintenance works and minor water supply and sewage systems are the responsibility of the National Water Commission, a public sector organisation. Continued good governance is needed to make water more accessible to the public in Jamaica and in the Caribbean at large. Public and private sector efforts are required to educate the public regarding the misuse of water, the reuse of household wastewater and the recycling of industrial wastewater. A multi-partisan committee consisting of members of the public, community leaders and private and public sector representatives would ensure the free and fair distribution of water, transparency in dealings and the appropriate settlement of disputes at the national level. These initiatives are expected to contribute positively towards the equitable distribution and utilisation of water resources in the Caribbean island states.

 Water Nepal Vol.9-10, No.1-2, 2003, pp.391-390


INTRODUCTION Reflection on my 25 years of research at our USDA Forest Service Laboratory in Pineville, Louisiana suggests that at least a third and possibly closer to half of the research we have done on polyflavanoids is in one or another way connected with attempts to understand the conformational properties of these compounds. Our concentration on definition of the preferred conformations and conformational flexibility of polyflavanoids is due to our belief that both the commercial and ecological significance of polyflavanoids rest, to large degree, on the relationship of conformation with the complexation of these compounds with other biopolymers (particularly proteins and carbohydrates). This review is not prompted by the notion that we have solved all the problems so it is now time for a synthesis of that work, but rather that I believe we have entered a new and exciting phase of tannin chemistry where both NMR and computational approaches have grown to considerable power at the same time when tannin research is increasingly being focused more on the biological significance of these compounds. In this review, I have su mmarized both the research conducted at our laboratory in Pineville and the work done by our partners and colleagues who have collaborated with us at various laboratories around the world. We must limit this review to milestones that I consider to be the most important parts of that effort, what I think we now know, and some discussion of what I believe are priority issues that need attention. If we am to more fully understand the biological significance of condensed tannins, and particularly their complexation with other biopolymers, we must continue to advance our understanding of the conformational preferences 82 and fleabag of these compounds, particularly the free phenols in water, for which we now have only limited data. Before embarking on any attempt to define the conformations of polyflavanoids, by either physical means or molecular modeling, it is helpful, if not mandatory, to have solid data for bond lengths as well as both bond and torsional angles present in the monomeric units that are repeat units of a polymer. Gn meeting Professor Mat&e. one of his fmt questions was " what crystal structures had been defined ?,, He needed physical data to help guide molecular modeling experiments (in those days the MM2 force-field). Engel et aZ. (1978) had reported on the crystal structure of 8-brom*tetm-O-methyl-(+)-cam&in 1 but crystal structure …


The purpose of this thesis is to examine the development process of the creation of a new playscript, "Murder and the English Gentleman", an adaptation of the short story "Lord Arthur Savile's Crime" by Oscar Wilde. The play is a wild, comedy-of-manners presented in classic Wildean 19 century drawing room style. The document details the process of getting this script from short story to script to stage. Also included are some of the play's most significant drafts, the original short story by Wilde, production and rehearsal journals, and production photos. The play was presented by the University of Arkansas' Boar's Head Players for the 2010 New Play Showcase at Nadine Baum Studios at the Walton Arts Center in Fayetteville, Arkansas. This thesis is approved for Recommendation to the Graduate Council


Abstract The agricultural sector is very important for the Tunisian economy as it absorbs 10% of the total investment, generates 12% of the Gross Domestic Product (2002–2006), and employs 16% of the total labor force while the agro-food exports represent 10% of the total exports. The aim of this article is to review: (a) the agreements related to the exports of olive oil between Tunisia and the European Union (EU) and (b) the agricultural policies and incentives enforced by the government to increase the exports of olive oil. For the above-mentioned aims, we obtained and analyzed data from the Ministry of Agriculture in order to shed light on the policies and incentives that help to increase olive oil exports. Specifically, we studied the olive oil export function and factors that affect it.


A continuous-flow protocol for the gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization of sterically hindered Ugi-adducts to spiroindolines in a packed-bed reactor is presented. Spiroindolines with various substitution patterns are formed in good yields and with good selectivity. A detailed characterization of the catalyst deactivation process was conducted, whereas no metal leaching from the catalyst was detected.


Breeding and cultivation technique is a crucial part in promoting the output of Miscanthus energy plant.This paper will be mainly discussed the reproductive system of M.energy plant,summarized the research achievement on cultivation and management technology by the aspect of planting patterns and time,planting density,irrigation and fertilization management,harvest time,it also provided an analysis of problems that need to be resolved if we put this new energy plant into mass production,with the purpose of affording beneficial reference for the scientific study of researchers and solving the problem of commercial production.


UNLABELLED
Haemodynamic changes after aortic cross-clamping were measured during operation of 11 patients suffering from infrarenal aortic aneurysm. Systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure are increased, while cardiac index is significantly decreased. Heart rate and right atrial pressure remain nearly unchanged. The elevations in systemic vascular resistance, mean arterial pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure are reversed by continuous nitroglycerin infusion, cardiac index is increased.

CONCLUSIONS
1. meticulous haemodynamic monitoring is very important in operations including abdominal aortic cross-clamping in order to prevent imminent cardiac complications. 2. the haemodynamic changes induced by aortic cross-clamping can be reversed by infusion of nitroglycerin.


Detection in chemical sensing which needs to be carried out in a specific controlled environment, becomes complex in multivariate environment. This complication is caused by chemical interference, sensor degradation or drifting of the signals with time. A minute drifting or overlapping of the signals affects the calibration, especially in the detection of sub-ppm level of concentration of any chemical species. The presence of other compounds can well interfere providing false positive readings, deterring calibration of the system in precise quantification of any compound. This problem is known to also happen in our optical fiber sensor for the detection of ammonia. A clad-modified polymer optical fiber sensor for ammonia detection is explored in this work where oxazine 170 per chlorate dye is used as a recognition element to detect ammonia. The sensor was tested in water media and the sensitivity of the sensor we found was 0.0006 ppm-1cm-2. However, the lower sensitivity causes significant overlaps in between signals corresponding to different concentrations. To resolve this problem, multivariate analysis method, such as principal component analysis (PCA) was explored to interpret the datasets for precision of measurement and classification of each concentration. PCA generates unique regression curve which represents each concentration of ammonia considering principle components. The significance of this research lies in its versatility dealing with the existing challenge of calibration of sub-ppm level measurement of any volatile compound, such as ammonia.


Sir, Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a lifethreatening condition characterised by high fever, pancytopenia, liver insufficiency and coagulopathy. Activation and uncontrolled proliferation of lymphocytes and well-differentiated macrophages cause widespread haemophagocytosis and cytokine overproduction. Systemic autoimmune disease has been reported to be the underlying disorder in 2 5% of cases of MAS, and in adults systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is by far the most common accounting for about 60% of cases. Rituximab use has been mainly reported in MAS secondary to Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infection but not SLE. A 45-year-old Jamaican male with SLE presented with a one-month history of fever and malaise. Two months prior to presentation he had been newly diagnosed with SLE after presenting with a symmetrical polyarthritis, oral ulceration, positive ANA (1:640 homogenous), dsDNA 40U/mL, C3 0.52 g/ L (range 0.65 1.65), C4 0.03 g/L (range 0.16 0.6), ESR 70mm/h and CRP 12mg/L (meeting the American College of Rheumatology classification criteria). There was no renal involvement at diagnosis. Low-dose prednisolone and hydroxychloroquine were commenced with an improvement to his polyarthritis and his SLEDAI score was 4. Clinical examination on admission was unremarkable other than a tachycardia (100 beats/ minute) and a fever of 38.6 C. Chest x-ray and electrocardiography were normal. Urine dipstick showed protein (1þ) and blood (3þ). Laboratory investigations on admission (day 1) are shown in Table 1. Treatment with amoxicillin clavulanic acid was commenced for a possible respiratory tract infection. Due to nausea, intravenous (IV) hydrocortisone instead of oral corticosteroid was commenced to cover for a SLE flare. He continued to have fevers >40 C and developed a neutropenia (0.6 10/L) requiring antibiotic cover for potential neutropenic sepsis. CT chest/abdomen/pelvis showed no collections or hepato-splenomegally. The patient became acutely unwell developing disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) at day 14 of admission (Table 1). His anti-dsDNA (627 u/mL) and complements were low (C3 0.44 and C4 0. 06 g/L). Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed multiple small haemorrhages. Treatment was switched to meropenem, antiviral and anti-fungal to cover possible invasive opportunistic infections and blood products were given. Despite 7 days of the above regimen, CRP (280mg/L) and ESR (132mm/h) remained elevated with ongoing pyrexias and cytopenias. A renal biopsy was considered but deemed unsafe due to the patient's severe DIC. Repeated blood and urine cultures and a thorough infection screen including a viral panel for Herpes Simplex, Herpes Zoster, EBV, cytomegalovirus, Hepatitis B and C, HIV, Coxsackie and Parvovirus B19 viruses were negative. Elispot was negative for tuberculosis. Echocardiogram and abdominal ultrasound were normal. CSF protein was elevated at 1.34 g/L (0.12 0.6) and CSF viral and bacterial cultures were negative. Serum ferritin was >2000mg/dL, raised triglycerides (300mg/dL) and a low fibrinogen (100mg/dL). Bone marrow aspiration showed the presence of histiocytes (Figure 1). MAS secondary to acute SLE in the absence of identifiable infection was established based on laboratory, clinical and bone marrow findings. Methylprednisolone 1 g/day for three days followed by 1mg/kg/day orally and IVIG 2 g/kg over five days were initiated. Despite this regimen his counts remained low with significant renal dysfunction. Due to ongoing cytopenias and renal impairment treatment with immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclophosphamide or cyclosporine were not given due to potential risks. A decision to treat with rituximab (1 g two weeks apart) was reached. Within seven days from the first infusion the platelet and neutrophil counts recovered to normal (Table 1). After two infusions the patient improved clinically with no further fevers, the cytopenias reversing concomitantly and the inflammatory indices and ferritin levels all gradually returned to normal. Mycophenolate mofetil 2 g/day as maintenance therapy was commenced. Correspondence to: Jyoti Bakshi, Rheumatology department, High Wycombe Hospital, Queen Alexandra Road, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, HP11 2TT, UK. Email: email@example.com Received 7 April 2013; accepted 19 August 2013


Adult males were infused with dl-noradrenaline-2-C14 and the radioactive urinary catabolites were analyzed. At the end of 24 hr, 78% of the infused dose was recovered. The recovered urinary radioac...


Understanding the consequences of microbe-microbe interactions is critical in efforts to predict the function of microbiomes and to manipulate or construct communities to achieve desired outcomes. The investigation of these interactions poses a significant challenge - in part due to the lack of suitable experimental tools. We present the Microwell Recovery Array, a high throughput approach designed to rapidly screen interactions across a microbiome and uncover higher-order combinations of strains that either inhibit or promote the function of a GFP-producing focal species. One experiment generates 104 unique microbial communities that contain a focal species combined with a unique combination of previously uncharacterized cells from plant rhizosphere. Cells are then sequentially extracted from individual co-culture wells that display highest or lowest levels of focal species function using a novel high-resolution photopolymer extraction system. Microbes present are subsequently identified and the putative interactions are validated. Using this approach, we screen the Populus trichocarpa rhizosphere for bacterial strains affecting the survival and growth of Pantoea sp. YR343, a plant growth promoting strain isolated from the P. trichocarpa rhizosphere. We were able to simultaneously isolate and validate multiple Stenotrophomonas strains that antagonize strain YR343 growth and a set of Enterobacter strains that promote strain YR343 growth. The latter demonstrates the unique ability of the platform to uncover multi-membered consortia that generate emergent phenotypes. This knowledge will inform the development of beneficial consortia that promote the production of Populus biofuel feedstock, while the platform is adaptable to screening higher-order interactions in any microbiome of interest. Significance Statement Achieving a fundamental understanding of microbe-microbe interactions that occur within microbial communities is a grand challenge in microbiology due to the limited experimental tools available. In this report, we describe a new tool that enables one to screen microbial interactions across thousands of compositionally unique communities to discover collections of bacteria that antagonize or promote the survival and growth of bacteria with important functions. This approach has the unique ability to uncover higher-order combinations of bacteria that generate emergent phenotypes, information useful for development of biofertilizer, biocontrol, or probiotic consortia, as well as in the design of communities for biosynthetic compound production.


Recent research has shown a robust relation between institutions and the economic performance of countries. A less satisfactory conclusion, however, has been drawn on the link between measures of institutions quality and policy making tools. This paper is an initial attempt to present an institutions-related variable, fiscal transparency, which is connected with economic performance and also has a neat policy dimension. Although a measure of fiscal transparency can be regarded as an interesting alternative to other institutions measures in terms of its proxy potentiality, it can also be considered a direct measure of institutional quality. In this sense, Adam Smith's development views provide a perspective where the absence of agents able to influence the justice paved the way to a "regular government". This is precisely what fiscal transparency is about. By defining the scope and responsibilities of the government in a clear manner, making available the fiscal information for the population, openly preparing and executing the budget, and assuring the integrity of fiscal procedures, a transparent fiscal environment limits corruption and diversion and, therefore, facilitates development and the increase in living standards. This paper presents a new data set on fiscal transparency based on an IMF assessment of progress on the implementation of the Fiscal Transparency Code by 45 countries in the fiscal modules of Reports on Observance of Standards and Codes. Our empirical estimations show a strong link from fiscal transparency to per capita income. Standard steps on budget preparation and execution, and fiscal procedures are identified as a set of policy tools to improve the fiscal transparency of countries. JEL Codes: O1, H6, E6. FISCAL TRANSPARENCY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE Jorge Baldrich firstname.lastname@example.com August 2005 "But what all the violence of the feudal institutions could never have effected, the silent and insensible operation of foreign commerce and manufactures gradually brought about....... The great proprietors were no longer capable of interrupting the regular execution of justice or of disturbing the peace of the country...... they became as insignificant as any substantial burgher or tradesman in a city. A regular government was established in the country as well as in the city, nobody having sufficient power to disturb its operations in the one any more than in the other". A. Smith, "An Inquire Into the Nature and Causes of he Wealth of Nations", B. III, Ch. 4, italics added.


Energy is one of the basic needs of all industrial and household needs in the social sphere. Along with population economic growth, regional development and development from year to year, the need for energy fulfillment in all sectors nationally is also getting bigger. The results of a study by the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources explain that Indonesia's total energy consumption per capita is increasing every year with growth of more than 5%. One type of renewable energy is biodiesel. Biodiesel is a fuel oil (BBM) as one of the supporting capacities of human life which will continue to experience an increase in demand along with the increase in population from year to year. Currently, the need for fuel for people around the world is increasing, while fossil fuel reserves are running low. This situation has resulted in scientists developing alternative energy sources which are expected to be able to overcome the energy crisis in the future. In an effort to find, develop, and extract energy sources, the main factors are energy, economy, and ecology. Making green energy in this study we review the process methods that can be used to make biofuel from Pakm Oil raw materials, process methods include the cracking method, hydrocracking method, In this research, the process method that produces the largest % yield is the hydrocracking process method using a Pd/Al2O3 catalyst of 94%.


1. A process for preparing a solvent synthesized in one reactor a mixture of nanoparticles and liquid polymer, the method comprising the steps of: (A) conducting the reaction in a polymerization vessel of the first monomer to obtain a liquid polymer, or copolymerizing the first monomer and second monomer to produce a liquid polymer; ! (B) partial breakage polymerization using active centers quenching agent; and! (C) adding a polyfunctional comonomer, a monovinylaromatic monomer and an optional polymerization initiator; ! wherein said nanoparticles have a core comprising a monovinyl aromatic monomer and a shell comprising the first monomer or the first and second monomer. ! 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the active centers quenching agent partially terminates the polymerization such that undergo breakage from 20 to 95% of the polymer chains. ! 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising a filtration and drying step in a tumble dryer, synthesized in one reactor a mixture of nanoparticles and liquid polymer. ! 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second monomer is selected from the group consisting of styrene, α-methylstyrene, 1-vinylnaphthalene, 2-vinylnaphthalene, 1-α-metilvinilnaftalina, 2-α-metilvinilnaftalina, vinyl toluene, methoxystyrene, t-butoxystyrene and alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkaryl and aralkyl derivatives thereof in which the total number of carbon atoms in the derivative is not greater than 18, or any di- or tri-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons and mixtures thereof. ! 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first monomer is a conjugated diene. ! 6. The method of claim 5, wherein the first monomer is selected from the group consisting of C4-C8 a


We compare results of various numerical calculations for electron impact ionization of the ground state Mg (3s2) leading to the final ionic ground state Mg+(3s) or the excited ionic states Mg+(3p, 4s, 3d). Although our numerical results exhibit some model dependence, especially for small values of the triple-differential cross section, we cannot resolve the significant differences between experiment and theory reported by Bolognesi et al (2008 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 41 065203). Extensive theoretical modelling allows us to identify possible sources of this strong disagreement and to suggest future investigations.


Objective To study the relationship between gastroduodenal diseases and helicobacter pylori infection.Methods Five hundred seventy-three cases of various gastroduodenal diseases were examined with gastroduodenoscopy,and the ureases of patients was tested.Results Various positive rate of helicobacter pylori infection was obtained among 573 cases.The peptic ulcer had highest positive rate of helicobacter pylori infection.Conclusion Helicobacter pylori infection is the cause of chronic gastritis,especially of chronic active gastritis and peptic ulcer.And it is may be the cause of gastric carcinoma.


The behavior of the droplet spreading under arc brazing is studied, and the mathematic model accounting for the effect on force and energy is proposed. Use the Surface Evolver program to simulate the solder profile evolution and describe the effect on arcing pressure for the wetting and spreading of the droplet. Moreover, checking the results of numerical simulation by experiment, the results of calculation are in well correspondence with simulated experiment.


Sensitivity was recovered to anti-tumorigenic effects of anti-estrogen therapy and / or cytotoxic therapy, methods and compositions for inducing apoptosis of cells is provided. Cells GP88 antagonists (e.g., anti-GP88 antibody, anti-GP88 antisense nucleic, GP88siRNA, and small molecules) are brought into contact with, is induced apoptosis, sensitive recovery against anti-tumorigenic effects of anti-estrogen therapy and cytotoxic therapy did.


Today nano metal particles especially silver have drawn attention of scientist because of their extensive application in the development of new technologies in the areas of electronics, material sciences and medicine at the nano scale. Silver nanoparticles are nanoparticles of silver which are in the range of 1 and 100 nm in size. Silver nanoparticles have unique properties which help in molecular diagnostics, in therapies, as well as in devices that are used in several medical procedures. The major methods used for silver nanoparticle synthesis are the physical and chemical methods. Considering the drawbacks of physio-chemical methods, costeffective and energy efficient new alternative for AgNP synthesis using microorganisms (Sharma et al., 2009), plant extracts (Song et al., 2009) and natural polymers (Huang et al., 2004) as reducing and capping agents are emerging very fast. The association of nanotechnology and green chemistry will unfold the range of biologically and cytologically compatible metallic nanoparticles which is a strong benevolent to lab to land approach. In physical synthesised silver nanoparticles by laser ablation method the properties of particles synthesised depends upon the wavelength and duration of the laser, the ablation time duration and the effective International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 10 (2017) pp. 1874-1883 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Western Institutional Review Board (WIRB) is one of the oldest Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and the largest IRB among the independent IRBs in the United States. The research related scandals and subsequent public concerns and federal regulations affected the beginning and development of the WIRB. WIRB has several characteristics compared with other IRBs, which contribute to the leading role in the research ethics area. First, WIRB is an independent IRB in a form of the for-profit organization. That raises an issue of conflicts of interest in IRB review, but that provides the basis for getting the adequate resources such as personnels, facilities and equipments. Second, WIRB has a specialty in the area, which has been accumulated through many experiences and well-trained IRB professionals. Third, WIRB takes advantage of the globalization of the research in a positive way. These observational findings may be utilized to provide an idea for improving the current IRB systems in Korea.


The Neotropical genus Argyripa is reviewed. Keys, descriptions, illustrations, distributions, and locality record dot maps are presented for the four species in the genus, anomala (Bates), gloriosa n.sp., lansbergei (Sallé), subfasciata Ritsema.


PowNet is a free modelling tool for simulating the Unit Commitment/Economic Dispatch of large-scale power systems. PowNet is specifically conceived for systems characterized by the presence of variable renewable resources (e.g., hydropower, solar, and wind), whose penetration on the grid is strongly influenced by climatic variability and constrained by the availability of transmission capacity. To help users effectively capture the nuances of power system dynamics, PowNet is equipped with features that enable accuracy, transferability, and computational efficiency over large spatial and temporal domains. Specifically, the model (i) accounts for the techno-economic constraints of both generating units and transmission networks, (ii) can be easily coupled with models that estimate the status of generating units as a function of the climatic conditions, and (iii) explicitly includes import/export nodes, which are useful in representing cross-border systems. PowNet is implemented in Python and is compatible with any standard optimization solver (e.g., Gurobi, CPLEX). Its functionality is demonstrated on the Cambodian power system.


Objective
To evaluate the efficacy and satefy of percutaneous kyphoplasty for treating Kummel disease with severe osteoporosis.

Methods
The clinical data of 23 Kummell′s patients with severe osteoporosis attending orthopedics in ChuiYang Liu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University from March 2013 to July 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients underwent percutaneous kyphoplasty, the first day after surgery was evaluated during the hospitalization period, outpatient review for 3 months and 1 year. All measurement data were expressed as (±s), repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis of preoperative and postoperative pain visual analogue scale, Oswesay dysfunction index, mean vertebral anterior, central and posterior height, kyphotic angle and operative complications.

Results
Outpatients were followed up for 12 to 24 months, with an average follow-up of (18.1 ± 5.6) months. The mean preoperative visual analogue scale of the patients with percutaneous kyphoplasty was (8.4 ± 1.5) scores after operation, (2.2 ± 1.1) and (3.1 ± 1.7) scores at 1st day after operation, 3 months and (4.6 ± 2.0) scores at 1 year after operation respectively, all P<0.001. The preoperative average Oswesay disability index score was (70.1 ± 10.5) scores, (27.4 ± 7.9) and (36.6 ± 8.1) scores at 1st day after operation, 3 months, and (46.5 ± 9.3) scores at one year after operation, all P<0.001. Postoperative one year pain visual analogue scale and Oswesay dysfunction index score compared with 1st day and 3 months after operation, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The mean preoperative vertebral body height percentage was (44.4 ± 6.9)%, (50.1 ± 6.3)% and (88.2 ± 4.1)%, respectively, (65.5 ± 5.0)%, (66.2 ± 5.7)% and (89.3 ± 3.7)% respectively at 1st day after operation, (63.8 ± 7.4)%, (64.6 ± 5.0)% and (88.1 ± 3.9)% respectively at 3 months after operation, (57.8 ± 6.3)%, (63.0 ± 6.7)% and (87.1 ± 4.2)% respectively at 1 year after operation. Postoperative vertebral anterior and central height percentage compared with the preoperative significantly improved (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the height of vertebral trailing edge. The height of vertebral body at 1 year after operation was significantly different from that at one day and three months after operation (P <0.05). The kyphotic angle improved significantly from 25.0°±7.5° to 16.5°±4.1° at 1st day after surgery (P=0.001), 18.2°±5.8° at 3 months after surgery (P=0.032), but the kyphotic angle increased to 21.3°±8.1° at 1 year after the procedure(P=0.051). However, asymptomatic peripheral bone cement leakage occurred in 2 patients and 5 patients sustained adjacent fractures after percutaneous kyphoplasty, the rest of the patients did not have surgical complications and adjacent vertebral fractures.

Conclusion
Percutaneous kyphoplasty is a safe and effective method for the treatment of Kummell′s disease, though it has long-term deterioration of adjacent vertebral fractures and kyphosis, but it can provide spinal stability and relieve pain in the short term, which is conducive to the recovery of patients.

Key words:
Kyphoplasty; Spinal fractures; Osteoporosis


Need knowledge of the game and the current model of development trends, is an essential requirement for specialist must harmonize and design training content, depending on the essential elements of the game's top teams worldwide value and in accordance with the actual availability of potential biomotric their technical and tactical players and teams. In this context, the analysis of the current game at peak performance teams participating in qualifying tournaments and world championships, with implications for the future of game design, player and training, we draw several trends, of which we speak dedicated team of formula is 5T 1 R, are launched into a very low number of changes to the reserve players (except libero player) or tactical play aspect that is designed to the smallest detail, missing improvisations time particularly unprepared Hypothesis. We can talk about specialization player positions and areas of maximum efficiency for attack, block and retrieval, which is done on a broad background of training in the majors, all with a special motric labor, with nervous consumption. Current level of play, the expression realization of options, which gave endorsement practice efficiency and allowed generalization beyond the strict context of the team. Method. For comparative analyzes of various parameters of models of game and player characteristics, we proceeded to use methodological tools that experts recommend it for this purpose. At the basis of the work, stays a rich analysis of information material, studied and consulted and their views and experiences shared by many specialists and technicians, with extensive work in performance volleyball players. Discussion. Modernization is a complex process of reconsideration, the revaluation of all that still proves valuable performance and introducing innovative elements with value and performance validated by practice .. Modernization is not a simple act, but it is a complex and continuously interacting with many implications between all elements of the structural and functional basis of democratic institutions and coach-athlete relationship, and to redefine the objectives, content modification training and game adequacy competitive system methodologies and organizational framework performance. Conclusions. Putting in accordance with current and future requirements of performance volleyball players, volleyball Romanian require the need for continuous improvement and modernization, not by simple additions or selection of knowledge, but through a restructuring of the entire system performance, the position of systems theory, which and gives a high degree of efficiency


The four species of freshwater copepod crustaceans found in ballast water or sediments in ships and characterized as "nonindigenous" to the Laurentian Great Lakes region by Drake and Lodge (Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 64: 530–538 (2007)) are all widespread, North American natives. Drake and Lodge's use of these native species to estimate the size of the "source pool" of the richness of potential invasive species resulted in an overestimation of its size. We list the fresh- and brackish-water species of copepods found in or on ships in the Great Lakes and discuss taxonomic and other questions pertaining to some of them. We suggest that Skistodiaptomus pallidus, Cyclops strenuus, Salmincola lotae, Nitokra incerta, and Onychocamptus mohammed be removed from the current list of nonindigenous copepod and branchiuran species established in the Great Lakes system, leaving seven species: Eurytemora affinis, Megacyclops viridis, Neoergasilus japonicus, Heteropsyllus nunni, Nitokra hibernica, Schizopera borutzkyi, an...


LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF TEXT BOXES LIST OF EQUATIONS . FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABBREVIATIONS 1 INTRODUCTION THE ZAMBEZIAN PHYTOREGION Dry forest Swamp and riparian forest Woodland Thicket Grassland THE ECOLOGY OF MIOMBO WOODLAND Climate Soils Nutrient cycling Soil conservation Water use and conservation Tree regeneration Woody plant biomass production 2 THE UTILIZATION OF MIOMBO AGRICULTURE Cultivation Pastoralism WOOD PRODUCTS WOODFUEL WILD FOODS MEDICINAL PLANTS ANIMAL PRODUCTS Bush meat Edible insects Honey 3 THE ROLE OF FIRE THE OCCURRENCE OF FIRE CAUSES AND FREQUENCY OF FIRES PLANT ADAPTATIONS TO FIRE THE EFFECTS ON SUCCESSION 4 MANAGEMENT INVENTORIES AND ASSESSMENTS INVENTORIES Objectives and procedure Sampling design and plots Types of data Site history ASSESSMENTS Plant biomass Species diversity Seeds and seedlings Cultivation and deforestation Critical population density under shifting cultivation Charcoal yield and deforestation The effects of fire The effects of wood carbonization on soil The effects of deforestation Grazing and browsing Litter decomposition 5 MANAGEMENT GUIDELINES NATURAL REGENERATION Harvesting techniques Cutting cycles Fire management Traditional tree conservation practices Grazing and browsing PLANTATION REGENERATION Species selection Seed collection and storage Seed sowing Nursery techniques Vegetative propagation Planting and tending 143 Enrichment planting on charcoal spots 143 CATCHMENT AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION 144 References Appendices