An experimental 512kB embedded PCM uses a current-saving architecture in a 0.13μm 1.5V CMOS. The write scheme features a low-write-current resistive device and achieves 416kB/s write-throughput at 100muA cell current. A charge-transfer direct-sense scheme has a 16b parallel read access time of 9.9ns in an array drawing 280μA. A standby voltage scheme suppresses leakage current in the cell current path and increases the measured PCM cell resistance from 3 to 33MΩ.


The attitude synchronisation control problem for spacecraft formation with switching communication topologies and information transmission delays is addressed. Common Lyapunov functions are employed to tackle such a problem. To compensate the adverse effect on an individual spacecraft arising from model uncertainties and external disturbances, parameter estimation variables and nonlinear integral terms are incorporated into the Lyapunov functions. The main result of this research is that one of the presented controllers can render a spacecraft formation consistent to a given trajectory globally with dynamic information exchange graph and non-uniform time-varying delays while coping with the parameter uncertainties and unexpected disturbances. In addition, several corollaries of the main results are provided. By virtue of a corollary of Barbalat's lemma, attractiveness of the proposed controllers for the corresponding closed-loop systems is proven. Numerical simulations are also included to demonstrate the theoretical results.


The pelvis is a complex circular structure of the human body ensuring vital load transfers. Fractures of the anterior or/and posterior alters this proper loading and may lead to further complications. Researchers conducted numerous studies to evaluate the mechanical stability provided by plates and devices on fractured pelvises. Simplistic boundary conditions were considered in numerical and experimental studies, but inclusion of muscular and ligamentous conditions provides closer in vivo results [1]. In the present study, muscles forces and joints reaction forces induced when walking were calculated by inverse dynamics. Those physiological loadings served as basis to define boundary conditions for Finite Element (FE) analysis and for experimental testing in order to get closer to realistic loadings such as walking, increasing the understanding of the pelvis's biomechanics.


This study analyzed personality disorders in a group of 33 securely and 51 insecurely attached child molesters. A total of 51 child molesters were selected from a community based educational training program, and the other group was selected from a Belgian prison (n = 33). Research shows that adult attachment styles and personality disorders share a common underlying structure. It is remarkable that very little is known about differences between securely and insecurely attached child molesters. In this study, the authors found that the schizoid personality disorder differed between securely and insecurely attached child molesters. These findings have implications for the aetiology and treatment of child molesters. Future research is necessary to determine patterns of attachment in relationship to personality disorders.


For the analysis of the thermal performance of the panel,
the thermal characteristics of the panel was considered to
 be important. Therefore the temperature distribution and
the mean temperature of the panel surface were evaluated
through the simulation with the variation of the design and
 control parameters including supply water temperature, tube
spacing, tube diameter, thickness and conductivity of the
material. The results of this study will be used to develop
the design standards of the prefabricated ondol systems.


THE IMPACT OF RELIGION/SPIRITUALITY ON SOCIAL WORKERS' DAILY PRACTICE Although social work can trace the roots of its establishment as a profession to religion/spirituality, the relationship between social work and religion/spirituality has deteriorated due to the former's professionalisation and secularisation. Nevertheless, religious/spiritual values are important for many social work services and for the practice of the profession. It is, hence, worth demarcating the role of religion/spirituality for frontline social workers. In the current qualitative study, repeated interviews were conducted with 11 Chinese social workers from diverse social work settings. It was noted that Eastern and Western religion/spirituality can instilmeaning and value in the profession's nature.


This thesis deals with the analysis of dipoles, patches, and aperture coupled patches located in an infinitely long cylindrical structure with arbitrary cross-section. The analysis exploits the two-dimensional nature of the structure by expanding all fields and currents in spatial harmonics along the cylinder axis, and solving the subsequent spectral two-dimensional problems by the moment method. The thesis work includes both development of methods and algorithms, implemented in Fortran programs, and analysis of antennas using the resulting computer codes. The contents of the different parts of the thesis is outlined below.
 A novel electric field integral equation (EFIE) is formulated for two-dimensional cylindrical structures. Three-dimensional sources are included by Fourier transformation along the cylinder axis. With the aid of a certain choice of basis functions, the EFIE is decoupled in terms of the transverse and longitudinal surface current components. Numerical results are compared to UTD calculations and measurements on dipole radiation.
 Self- and mutual impedances of dipoles in the presence of a perfectly conducting cylinder of arbitrary cross-section are calculated. The impedance calculation is split in one free space dipole-dipole coupling and one dipol-scatterer-dipole coupling. This makes a computationally efficient computer code possible. The code is validated by comparing to data from canonical cases.
 Asymmetric trough guide antennas are analyzed by the moment method. Phase constants and radiation patterns are calculated and compared to results calculated by other methods and measurements. A production trough guide antenna feeding a two-dimensional corrugated horn is analyzed and the numerical results are compared to measured data.
 Radiation from an aperture coupled patch element in a perfectly conducting (PEC) structure is analyzed. The analysis involves calculating the coupling from the slot to the patch in the presence of the PEC cylinder. Numerical results are compared to results calculated by other methods and measurements.
 Radiation patterns from patch antennas on finite width substrates are calculated and compared to results published in the literature. The element pattern of a base station antenna for mobile communication consisting of a four-element linear array of in-line fed patches covered by a radome is analyzed and the numerical results are compared to measured data.


Introduction Arthur Groos Synopsis: Wagner's prose draft (1857) 1. Public and private life: on the genesis of Tristan und Isolde and the Wesendonck Lieder John Deathridge 2. Between memory and desire: Wagner's libretto and late Romantic subjectivity Arthur Groos 3. The Prelude and the play Joseph Kerman 4. In the realm of the senses: sight, sound, and the music of desire in Tristan und Isolde Thomas Grey 5. A mantle of sound for the night: timbre in Wagner's Tristan und Isolde Jurgen Maehder 6. Staging Tristan Stewart Spencer 7. Tristan's traces Steven Huebner Select bilbiography.


Scientific breakthroughs emanating from universities can be a trigger for the emergence of new industries such as in the paradigmatic case of biotechnology. Obviously, not all research conducted in the universities leads to radical departure from the existing technological trajectories. When a patent protection is granted to a discovery, it is possible to construct a proxy for the originality of the discovery based on patent citations. Patent originality has been long recognized in fostering the emergence of new technologies and industries. However, while a large body of literature exists measuring the impact of patent originality on a broad range of measures of firm performance, this paper aims at investigating the conditions driving patent originality. In particular, in providing the first empirical examination of the determinants of patent originality, this paper finds that the research context, as reflected by the funding source for the scientist, influences the extent to which intellectual property protected by a patent is original. Eventually, we propose that university scientists funded by their university, which has a more fundamental mission, have a higher propensity to generate patents that are more original. By contrast, university scientists funded either by industry or other non-university organizations have a lower propensity to generate more original patents.


The article dwells upon a problem of interethnic conflicts between Russians and Buryats caused by land use and their significance for the development of Mongolian and Buryat nationalism. The author comes to the conclusion that one of the main reasons of legitimacy of nationalists' activities aimed at the creation of national territorial authonomy was a protection of burayts' land interests in conflicts with Russian peasants.


____________________________________________________________ Despite the environmental and humanitarian costs of the clothing system in this industrial age, sustainability plays a minor role in design education, commercial practice and the industry. This situation has resulted in the fashion industry becoming the least sustainable industry, second only to oil. Part of the problem lies in the contemporary system of advertising and related cultural practices, which promise customer satisfaction by encouraging the consumption of "fast" seemingly disposable fashion. However, the products of the fashion industry are not designed to promote true customer satisfaction, but rather to meet company's sales goals in the capitalist society, therefore the customer has to procure again and again in an attempt to construct their cultural identities through fashion. The central concern is the loss of positive agency resulting from consumerism and the lack of values in a fashion system. Consequently, profit based fetishes are used as a substitute for the lack of more synergistic need satisfiers, such as belonging, nurturing and connection. How can a model for strategic intervention be conceptualised in order to address the deficit between the production-value and the perceived added-value of commodities in the fashion industry, by using the notion of the fetish to engage with the quintuple helix innovation model and Kaiser's circuit of style-fashion-dress model? Positive agency is precluded from the conventional model of sustainability, so an alternative 'agent model' is presented in which agency is central. This aspect opens up potentialities to insert positive agency agendas within the theoretical argument. Additionally, the generalised universal ethics within the helix innovation model are not in-depth enough to effectively consider aspects oriented to feminist ethics of care. Therefore, ethics of care, Chapman's concept of 'emotionally durable design' as well as Maslow and Max-Neef's theories on © Central University of Technology, Free State v needs, are used as a moral foundation to determine consumption versus ethical approaches. A grounded theory study is undertaken with critical analysis and synthesis of theoretical data as the methods of investigation. By contrasting the processes in Kaiser's circuit of style-fashion-dress within the concerns of ethics of care, a strategic framework is developed. Sustainable intervention routes towards positive agency are identified by exploiting the gap between wants and needs through the lens of Marxist, Freudian and Baudrillardian notions of the fetish. Conceptualising a strategy to address these dilemmas provides recommendations for more sustainable and ethical practices in the fashion industry, and thereby aims to promote agency towards human flourishing. © Central University of Technology, Free State vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ______________________________________________________________________ LIST OF TABLES, FIGURES & ILLUSTRATIONS 2-6


We define an extension of Herbelin's ¯ λµ -calculus, introducing a product operation on contexts (in the sense of lists of arguments, or stacks in environment machines), similar to the convolution product of distributions. This is the computational couterpart of some new semantical constructions, ex-tending models of Ehrhard-Regnier's differential interaction nets, along the lines of Laurent's polarization of linear logic. We demonstrate this correspondence by providing this calculus with a denotational semantics inside a lambda-model in the category of sets and relations.


Java is a kind of object-oriented programming language,and the exception handling of Java is very outstanding.Java packs exception in class,uses the exception handling mechanism of "try/ catch/ finally"and gets more"robust"exception handling code finally.Combining with practice of developing,this paper expounds how to use them by examples.


Recently, an increasing number of tone-mapping operators (TMOs) have been proposed in order to display high dynamic nge (HDR) images on low dynamic range (LDR) devices. Developing perceptually consistent image quality assessment (QA) measures for TMO is highly desired because traditional LDR based IQA methods cannot support the cross dynamic range quality comparison. In this paper, a novel objective quality assessment method is proposed on the basis of sparse-domain representation, which has been well advocated as a powerful tool in describing natural sparse signals with the over-complete dictionary. Specifically, two indices, incorporating both local and global features extracted from sparsely represented coefficients, are introduced to simulate the human visual system (HVS) characteristics on HDR images. The local feature measures the sparse-domain similarity between the pristine HDR and tone-mapped L R images by leveraging the intrinsic structure with sparse coding. On the other hand, benefiting from the natural scene statistics (NSS), the global features are recovered from the sparse coefficients to account for the natural behaviors of tone-mapped images. Combining the local sparse-domain similarity and the global "naturalness" prior, validations on the public database show that the proposed sparse-domain model for tone-mapped images (SMTI) provides accurate predictions on the human perception of tone-mapped images.


sance Italy. This is surprising given her Marxist perspective. One would have expected a closer look at the lives of working people based on archival documentation. Literary evidence, to be sure, can be useful, but it is most revealing about elite, not working-class attitudes. It is also frequently prescriptive rather than descriptive. A better insight into social realities would have been gained by looking at legal or economic documents that have a more direct relationship to everyday life. Kelly talked of feminist theory in terms of a "conceptual vision" (66), a perspective, a point of view. Like the Renaissance humanist Leon Battista Alberti, whose notions of perspective were the subject of her first study, she was open to new ways of looking at the world because she knew that the world looked different when viewed from a variety of angles. Her attitude was the antithesis of those who attempted to vilify her, calling her a "saint" followed by religious zealots. (See G. R. Elton, "History According to Saint Joan," The American Scholar, 54(1985): 549-55.) Ridicule has always been the tool of the intellectually bankrupt. In contrast, Kelly offers insightful historical scholarship based on the application of a rigorous intellect to difficult questions. Clio is much enriched by her work.


Routine Circumcision of Normal Male Infants - Policy , Consistent with PD2009_018, routine circumcision of infant males should not be performed in public hospitals in NSW. Accurate information on the risks and benefits of circumcision must be given to parents and, if undertaken, a competent operator should undertake the procedure.


Human endogenous retroviral long terminal repeats (LTRs) have been found to be coexpressed with sequences of genes closely located nearby. It has been suggested that the LTR elements have contributed to structural changes or genetic variations of human genome connected to various diseases and evolution. Using cDNA library derived from placenta tissue, we performed PCR amplification and identified five new HERV‐W LTR elements. Those LTR elements showed a high degree of sequence similarity (98–99%) with HERV‐W LTR (AF072500). A phylogenetic tree obtained by the neighbor‐joining method revealed that HERV‐W LTR elements could be mainly divided into two groups through evolutionary divergence. Five new HERV‐W LTR elements (pla‐1, 4, 5, 6, 7) belonged to the group I with AX000960, AF072504, and AF072506 from GenBank database. The data suggest that several copy numbers of the HERV‐W LTR elements are transcribed in placenta and may contribute to the understanding of biological function such as human placental morphogenesis.


A lump integral model is developed for freezing and melting of the bath material onto the surface of a plate shaped additive immersed in an agitated melt bath. It exhibits the dependence of this occurrence on independent parameters-the initial temperature, θ ai of the additive, the bath temperature, θ b , the Biot number, B i the property ratio, B and the Stefan number, S t and yields closed-form solutions for time variant frozen layer thickness, ξ around the additive and heat penetration depth, η in the additive. In the solutions, B, B i , θ b and θ ai appear as a conduction factor, C of that ranges from 0 to ∞. The frozen layer thickness per unit S t with respect to C of takes time τ cmax =1/3 for its maximum growth whereas this maximum thickness ξ* cmax becomes (1- θ ai )/3. The total time of the growth of the maximum frozen layer thickness with its subsequent melting, τ ct is 4/3 when the heat penetration depth reaches the central axis of the plate additive, η=1. When C of →0 signifying highly agitated bath (h→∞) or additive preheated to the freezing temperature of the bath material, no freezing of the bath material occurs. For the bath at the freezing temperature of the bath material, the frozen thickness is also obtained. The model is validated by reducing the present problem to heating of the plate additive subjected to a constant temperature maintained at the freezing temperature of the bath material.


Motivation: Economics of sustainable development aims to ensure standards of environmental, economic and social quality of life and freedom of all people living on Earth. Objectives in all three dimensions should be implemented taking into account their strong interdependence. Targets of sustainable development are implemented, among other things, by the State Forests, i.e. carrying on forest management according to the principles of universal forest protection, durability, their maintenance, continuity and sustainable use of all the functions of forests and expansion of forest resources. Forest management should be carried out while minimizing the economic risk that accompanies each economic activity. Aim: The aim of the study is to identify the risk associated with business operation of State Forests. Results: The study will also present the risk management process in the State Forests and the characteristics of its individual stages. Identified objective was achieved using a critical analysis of national and international studies, descriptive method and analysis of phenomena and synthesis of results and interviews with foresters. The layout and content of the study was subordinated to the realization of goals. Due to the limited article volume, only certain aspects of State Forests were presented, as an area of risk in the economy of sustainable development.


This paper focuses on the conceptual contribution Cabral made to the 'New Man' ideal, seen as the definition of a more humane and democratic citizen, capable of engaging in transformation from the reality of each historical context and engaged in the struggle against injustice. The author compares Cabral's key proposals on nation‐class, culture, ethnicity and imperialism, with more traditional Marxist views and from the angle of their possible Europeocentrism. Cabral's originality, despite some contradictions, makes him a relevant contemporary reference.


515 specimens of the polymorphic species Caltha palustris from 55 Dutch localities were studied morphologically and cytologically. Two cytotypes could be distinguished, a cytotype with 32 chromosomes and another with 56 chromosomes. These two cytotypes have slight morphological differences and different ecological preferences which although incompatible in crosses are insufficient for distinguishing separate species or even subspecies. The studies lead us to the conclusion that Caltha palustris is a species with large genecological differentiation in its populations. The intraspecific polyploidy, which could have arisen by mutations, will have enhanced the polymorphism of the species, resulting in series of more or less discontinuous ecotypes with associated morphological characteristics. Some populations of Caltha were rooting at the nodes of their stems, a manner of vegetative propagation; they are treated as a variety of Caltha palustris: C. palustris L. var. radicans (Forst.) Beck.


Computer-Based Testing and the Internet: Issues and Advances, edited by Dave Bartram and Ronald Hambleton, is a thorough and up-to-date collection of articles based on the proceedings of the International Test Commission (ITC) conference held in 2002 in Winchester, England. One of the goals of the conference was to provide a forum in which the development of guidelines for computer-based testing (CBT) and Internet-based testing (IBT) could be discussed. The guidelines that have since been formulated are available on the ITC Web site and, together with this book, constitute a comprehensive overview of the topic. Most of the book's contributors—experts in the field of computerized testing—assert that we are in the midst of a transitional—or even revolutionary—era, with classical assessment by means of paper-and-pencil or printed questionnaires giving way to modern assessment formats. The latter make use of electronic technology for test construction, administration, and delivery, in addition to the checking, scoring, and storing of results in databases. The new technologies, and the new assessment methods and perceptions that they have facilitated, however, have given rise to a new set of problems that demand proper solutions. These include administrative and methodological challenges (e.g., securing high-stakes test material transmitted through the Web, ascertaining the identity of test-takers and preventing cheating) as well as psychometric ones (what do the new types of tests actually measure, and how well do they do so?). Not only are the solutions to these problems elusive, but the problems themselves are, in some cases, ill-defined. Thus, psychometricians and test practitioners specializing in CBT or tests delivered on the Web face a unique challenge: developing tests using the newest technologies available while maintaining optimal assessment quality. With technology INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TESTING, 6(2), 195–200 Copyright © 2006, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.


2515 Background: Phase I trials traditionally aim at determining the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) using grade (G) ≥3 toxicity data from the first cycle only. Th...


Due to fast time-to-market and IP reuse requirements, an increasing amount of the functionality of embedded HW/SW systems is implemented in software. As a consequence, software programming languages like C play an important role in system specification, design, and validation. Besides many other advantages, the C language offers executable specifications, with clear semantics and high simulation speed. However, virtually any tool operating on C specifications has to convert C sources into some intermediate representation (IR), during which the executability is normally lost. In order to overcome this problem, this paper describes a novel IR format, called IR-C, for the use in C based design tools, which combines the simplicity of three address code with the executability of C. Besides the IR-C format and its generation from ANSI C, we also describe its applications in the areas of validation, retargetable compilation, and sourcelevel code optimization.


Ocean, the mother of origin of life, covers over 70% of the earth's surface and hosts approximately 87% of the Earth's life (Hu et al., 2011). Marine wealth is aptly described as 'blue gold'. More than 2.30 lakhs marine species and isolation of more than 28,000 structurally unique bioactive compounds have been documented till now. Sponges (37%), coelenterates (21%) and microorganisms (18%) are the three major sources of biomedical compounds (Blunt et al., 2004). Marine life is the source of unique chemical compounds which are accumulated in living organisms as secondary metabolites, a chemical compound produced by an organism which is not required for survival of the organism but presumably confers an evolutionary advantage like performing defence, communication signalling or reproductive functions. These bioactive molecules may be convertible to antimicrobial drugs using modern tools of molecular biology and advanced technology. Some of these molecules are identified as 'lead' compounds which are undergoing various phases of clinical trial and thus have the International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) pp. 2322-2327 Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


Arkaim, the fortified settlement dated to 1600–1700 B.C., was discovered in 1987 (Arkaim 1995). It is situated 8.2 km north–north–west of Amurskiy, and 2.3 km south–south–east of Alexandronvskiy in the Chelyabinsk region, Russia. "The excavation revealed that the settlement had been burned and, therefore, many details were preserved. The population, however, had vacated the city before the fire and took all their possession with them. Arkaim had two protective circular walls and two circles of standard dwellings separated by a street around a central square. The external wall, 160 m in diameter and 4 m wide, was built from specially selected soil that had been packed into timber frames before being faced with adobe bricks. On the interior, houses abutted the wall and were situated radially with their doors exiting to the circular internal street." (Koryakova) The site plan is shown at Fig.1. It is known from experience that the interpretation of magnetic fields and some of their components gives good results in the detection of archaeological objects without actual excavations. The differences in the magnetic susceptibility of the building material of walls, soil and gumus that covered the archaeological object are crucial for the successful detection. That fact was proved by the application of magnetic fields on the archaeological site «Arkaim» . We made an attempt to start the construction of the model of the magnetic properties of medium under the surface. For this purpose we used the technology, developed by us for studying different geological objects (Kochnev 1993, Kochnev, Vasiliev and Sidorov 2003).


Modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems use statistical models of spoken language. These models are typically learned from corpora comprising many hours of transcribed speech. While a variety of machine learning approaches have been applied to this learning task, the optimal learning strategy is unknown. This thesis focusses upon a relatively recent and successful approach, the application of the principle of minimum Bayes risk (MBR) to the estimation and adaptation of acoustic models used in ASR. The aim of the research is to address issues pertaining to the theory, implementation, understanding and performance of MBR acoustic model estimation and adaptation. The first confronted issue is related to the optimisation of the MBR criterion function in the context of continuous density hidden Markov models (HMMs). Iterative update formulae known as the extended Baum-Welch (EBW) equations are generally used to estimate the parameters of the state output distributions of such HMMs such that the MBR criterion is minimised. Previous justifications of the EBW equations have failed to both guarantee a decrease in the MBR criterion with each iteration and to specify a value of the learning rate constant used in these equations. In this thesis, an auxiliary function for the MBR criterion is presented. Via this auxiliary function, the EBW update equations are derived, and a minimum value for the learning rate constant of these equations is calculated. The second issue addressed by the thesis concerns the approximation of errors within the implementation of MBR acoustic parameter estimation. Limitations of previously introduced error approximation methods are explained. An alternative error approximation technique which addresses these limitations is presented. Incorporation of this novel error approximation technique yields acoustic models which display significant classification performance improvements over models estimated via previously introduced error approximation methods. The third issue pertains to the formulation of the MBR criterion, which may be defined using words, phonemes or other sub-word units. The phoneme-level MBR formulation is known as the minimum phone error (MPE) criterion. Previous research has observed small improvements in classification performance when using MPE-estimated acoustic models in place of word-level MBRestimated acoustic models. This effect is poorly understood. Theoretical arguments and experimental evidence are presented which lend insight into this phenomenon. Additionally, alternative sub-word MBR formulations are proposed, motivated and experimentally evaluated. The fourth and last issue addressed by this thesis is the performance of acoustic models adapted using unsupervised MBR-based linear regression (MBRLR) adaptation. The theory and implementation of MBRLR acoustic model adaptation is extended by incorporating confidence information into the MBR criterion. This refinement is shown to yield significant classification performance improvements when compared experimentally with standard unsupervised MBRLR adaptation. xiii


The main purpose of this article is to attempt to show the collective biography of Polish women parliamentarians of the interwar period through an insight into their emotions and feelings, to show the "emotional communities" presented by Barbara Rosenwein. In this text I will focus on the main problems of the political activity of Polish women parliamentarians in the interwar period. Source materials produced by women, mainly ego-documents and public documents created by them, will be used to develop this topic. The study will analyze the individual experiences of women parliamentarians. Their emotions, opinions and reflections on parliamentary work will be taken into account. The paper will also discuss selected biographical aspects of the women parliamentarians, such as their age, education and political views, which undoubtedly had an impact on their opinions and emotions. Polish women parliamentarians of that time had to struggle with many problems. Reluctance to place women on candidate lists was a common occurrence. Moreover, women had to meet numerous social expectations. First of all, they were required to be mothers and wives who were responsible for family life, that is, the private sphere. Furthermore, women were seen more as social activists than as politicians. At the same time, men considered women's issues less important, which was evident in parliamentary discussions. The main research questions were: How did women perceive their own political activity? political activity? What problems did politically active women face?


Theoretical and experimental contributions on risers of floating production platforms, cables, pipelines, flexible containers, seal bag system of surface effect ships, slamming on ships, whipping, and springing of ships, TLPs and very large floating structures.


This paper has studied the treatment of the domestic sewage by constructed wetland, which is planted with seven common wetland plants in Wuhan (Typha angustata, Canna chineresisw, Acorus celembls, Phragmites communis, Zizania caduciflora, Iris pseudacorus and Janous effcus), under different wastewater detention time (including 1, 3 and 7 days). The study result shows that optimal retention time is 1 day, all plants can remove CODcr, TN, TP and turbidity obviously, of which Typha angustata, Canna chineresisw, Acorus celembls and Iris pseudacorus are relatively more effective.


Category: Hindfoot; Midfoot/Forefoot Introduction/Purpose: Past studies in total joint arthroplasty and orthopaedic trauma have found that preoperative opioid therapy correlates with increased postoperative opioid use and lesser surgical outcomes. To date, these trends have not been studied in cases of forefoot or hindfoot foot and ankle surgery. We hypothesized that patients with preoperative chronic opioid use would have increased likelihood of postoperative opioid use, complications, and re-operation. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot surgeries performed from January 2015- September 2020 by a fellowship trained foot and ankle surgeon at an academic medical center. Pre- and postoperative opioid and other analgesic use, medical history, demographic data, operative treatment, and surgical outcomes were reviewed. Records of preoperative opioid use were limited to 50 patients, 90-day postoperative opioid use to 60 patients, and 180-day postoperative opioid use to 69 patients. A total of 149 patients (female=102, male=47) with a mean BMI of 30.87 and mean follow-up up of 1.2 years were included. Of the patients undergoing hindfoot, midfoot, or forefoot arthrodesis, 71/79 joints went on to union, while there were 8 non-unions (3 sub-talar, 2 metatarsophalangeal, 1 tibiotalar, 1 talo-navicular, and 1 calcaneocuboid). The most common procedures were hammertoe correction and Achilles tendon repair. Statistical analysis was performed using correlation, linear multivariate regression, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Preoperative opioid use was statistically significantly associated with loss to follow-up (users=10.0%, non-users=0.0%; p=.044) and continued postoperative opioid use at 90 (92%; p<.001) and 180 days (94%; p<.001). Preoperative benzodiazepine use was significantly associated with continued postoperative benzodiazepine use at 90 (20%; p<.001) and 180 days (26%; p<.001). Of comorbidities, diabetes (p=.007) and psychiatric disease (p=.025) were significant predictors of postoperative opioid use. Psychiatric disease was also a significant predictor of postoperative benzodiazepine use (p=.026). Postoperative opioid use significantly differed by surgical indication (post-traumatic=20.52 MME, prior procedure(s)=232.51 MME, instability=7.64 MME, osteomyelitis=4.67 MME; p<.001), but postoperative benzodiazepine use did not. Additionally, follow-up duration significantly differed by operated area (hindfoot=1.48 years, forefoot=0.92 years, both=3.02 years; p<.001). Conclusion: We found that patients with preoperative opioid use have statistically significantly higher rates of loss to follow-up and continued postoperative opioid use. We also found that on average, patients with a history of prior procedures on the forefoot and/or hindfoot require statistically significantly more narcotics than those with a history of post-traumatic injuries, instability, or osteomyelitis. Patients and surgeons should be aware of this data to help appropriately council patients on post- operative expectations.


This paper grapples with contestations about the place of dogs in Australian urban public space. On the one hand, urban Australia is characterized by high levels of dog ownership and intense family-style human–dog relations, yet, on the other, in public space dogs and their humans are subject to strict regulation and a regime of spatial segregation. Increased urban surveillance, privatization and control, coupled with regulation based on the figure of the dog-as-problem, have intensified disputation over the place of dogs in the city. Birke, Bryld, and Lykke (2004) suggest the notion of 'animaling' as a tactic for shifting perspective from animal essences – dangerous dogs and dog breeds, for example – towards a study of the material-semiotic performativity of human/animal relationships. This paper takes up this notion to explore the multiple ways in which dogs, humans and various human–dog conjunctions and relations 'animal' the city and shape public space. As a transgressive queer(y)ing of the border work that constitutes the human/animal dualism, 'animaling' is also useful for thinking about the affinities, partial connections and agencies that co-constitute human–dog relations and urban spatialities.


The economy is what keeps the world as we know it functioning. Our daily lives are heavily affected by the economy, both locally and globally. Some people think that the economy is mostly concerned with money, but in fact it is much broader than money. The economy relates to very fundamental issues concerning human life, such as human wellbeing and equality between people and groups. In this article, I will give you a taste of the ways in which economists view human wellbeing. I will then explain why, when we study the economy, it is not enough to look only at individuals or at groups of people—we need to do both. Finally, we will discuss the future of the economy, and I will share some tips that I have learned during my scientific career.


The method of isolation of crystalline desoxyribonuelease from beef pancreas and also a description of some of its physicochemical properties have been given in the previous paper of this series (Kunitz, 1950). The present paper deals with the enzymatic action of crystalline desoxyribonuclease on its specific substrate --thymus nucleic acid (desoxyribonucleic acid). Thymus nucleic acid 1 is generally prepared and used in the form of its sodium salt, sodium thymonucleate, which is soluble in water. Addition of strong acid to an aqueous solution of sodium thymonucleate results in the liberation of free nucleic acid in the form of a flocculent fibrous precipitate. Solutions of sodium thymonucleate possess high structural viscosity and exhibit streaming birefringence. Sodium thymonucleate does not diffuse through collodion or cellophane membranes. The molecular weight of sodium thymonudeate in aqueous solution is in the order of 500,000 to 1 million (Tennet and Vilbrandt, 1943). The action of partly purified preparations of desoxyribonuclease on sodium thymonucleate has been investigated by Fischer eta/. (1941, 1943) in Germany, and independently in the United States, by Carter and Greenstein (1946), Laskowski and Seidel (1945), Laskowski (1946), and McCarty (1946). Fischer a aL, McCarty, and also Laskowski and Seidel, discovered the importance of magnesium ion (or manganese ion (McCarty)) as an activator for the enzyme. Carter and Greenstein, on the other hand, found that not only magnesium but a variety of monovalent and divalent ions were capable of activating desoxyribonuclease. The general effect of the enzyme on thymus nucleate found by these investigators, and confirmed also by this writer in the course of the present studies, is as follows:--


Objective To investigate the mastoplasty for breast reconstruction by double circle incision.Methods Double-circle mastoplasty was performed to obtain desired breast shape in 11 patients with breast sagging or macromastia and to eliminate concerns of patients about mastoplasty.Resuts Ten of the 11 patients were satisfied with postoperative appearance and achieved symmetrical breast reconstruction with moderate-sized breasts and improved sagging condition.The early breast shape was less satisfactory in 1 patient due to the huge size of her breasts and excess glandular tissue excision,but was improved after 6 months of follow-up.Conclusion The mammoplasty with suspension through areolar incision for ptotic breasts has the advantages of simple design,good blood supply and suspension fixation,hidden incision,unobvious scar,normal sensation of nipple and areola,and perfect plasticity.Therefore,the two-loop breast plastic surgery is a good method for treating sagging breasts.


Children below 5 years constitute 14% of the total population in our country. They are vulnerable group deserving special health care. Children are considered to be susceptible to the host of disease and infections of respiratory tract are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in young children. Acute respiratory infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in developing countries. Hence, this study was undertaken to identify various modifiable risk factors for acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRI) in children aged 2 months to 5 years. Hospital-based case-control study conducted at Basaveshwar and Sangameshwar General Hospital, both attached to MR Medical College, Gulbarga. The study period was 1½ a year from January 01, 2012 to June 30, 2013. Totally 200 ALRI cases fulfilling WHO criteria for pneumonia, in the age group of 2 months to 5 years were interrogated for potential modifiable risk factors as per a predesigned proforma. 200 healthy control children in the same age group were also interrogated. In 67 (33.5%) cases, prelacteal feeds were given compared to 28 (14%) controls. There was a significant association with odds ratio of 3.09 (95% confidence interval for prelacteal feeds. In 48 (24.0%) cases, exclusive breast feeding was given for <4 months, in 40 (20.0%) for 4-6 months, and in 26 (13.0%) cases breast feeding was given for more than 6 months. Socio-demographic factors represent the ultimate determinants of a large proportion of the burden of ALRI; these can be tackled through effective health education of the community, increased access to immunization and measures to improve female literacy.


The principal objectives and methods of surface modification of polymers are reviewed in this paper. The techniques covered include physical, chemical, mechanical and biological methods.


The characteristic mode for the herbicidal action of 2-amino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (ACN) was investigated by using autotrophic green microalgae (Scenedesmus acutus). The effects of ACN on the growth, chlorophyll content, protoporphyrin-IX accumulation, and ethane production in Scenedesmus cells were measured in comparison with three reference herbicides, i.e., ioxynil, dinoseb, and chlorophthalim. ACN appeared to have a different mechanism for action from these three herbicides. S. acutus cells grown with ACN produced ethane, but the mechanism for its production is considered to have been different from that of chlorophthalim. ACN may inhibit porphyrin biosynthesis at a different stage from that by chlorophthalim.


-ketoamides are very important motifs as they are present in many natural products, drugs & biologically important molecules. We synthesized very simple, cheap, eco-friendly & reusable glucose based carbonaceous material...


The closing delay time of high-current (plasma) vacuumgap switches used in conjunction with the Megatron accelerator and fast capacitorbank was measured as a function of pressure in the gap and voltage across the gap. Operation at a pressure of 0.5 ation Hg is reliable, independent of pressure, and results in a closing time jitter of 0.05 ation sec. (auth)


HE Canadian Historical Association, though the organization out of which it grew, the Historic Landmarks Association, dates back to the Quebec Tercentenary, is still a young society, with its spurs to prove, and has very wisely adopted the policy of meeting each year in a different centre. It has so far met in Ottawa, Quebec, and Montreal. Next year it goes back to Ottawa, and the following year it meets in Toronto. By that time the Association may feel strong enough to venture out into the West. One feels sure that in any of the western cities, where the people are keenly interested in the records of their past, there would be the assurance of a very successful meeting. Certainly the Montreal meeting was an unqualified success. The executive had provided an excellent programme, and the attendance was very good. It is always a difficult problem to secure a representative attendance at the meetings of national or!•anizations in a country like this of magnificent distances and sparse population. It is usually necessary to rely mainly upon the interest of members in the immediate neighbourhood of the place of meeting. However, even that conditic;n will become modified as the Association grows and develops among its members a spirit of enthusiasm for the work it is attempting to do. The Montreal programme included tw.o particularly noteWorthy popular addressds, one by Professor Wrong on The two races, and the other by Major Lanctot, of the Dominion Archives, on the historian Garneau--Garneau fondateur de l'histoire scientifique au Canada. Professor Wrong's lecture, which dealt in a very broad and helpful way with that vital problem, the relations of the two races in Canada, attracted such wide attention that it has since been issued in pamphlet form in both langu-


Recent times have seen an exponential increase in the use of artificial intelligence in numerous regions. Fields like education, transport, finance, and health have made drastic improvements in the last decade; from predicting the stock market prices and driverless cars to predicting cancer cells in human body. Artificial intelligence and Machine learning combined, have shaped the world to be a better place than yesterday. In this paper, I describe a novel approach towards augmenting artificial and human intelligence with the goal of enhancing the capabilities of human activity using adaptive intelligent agents and deep neural networks. Any intelligent system would have come across a situation where human intervention is essential; wherein human intelligence is required for the complete functioning of the agent. This crossover of the worlds is the key to augmenting both human and artificial intelligence. We can enhance the capabilities of both the entities by introducing behavior and context as variables in the cognitive process.


Contents: Tilting at windmills: Kyoto strains-editorial. Back to the future: climate changes cities. The carbon price debate. Evolving role of the World Bank in the Latin American carbon market. Changing of the guard at carbon finance. Carbon finance for dummies: first steps in developing carbon finance projects. What's in the pipeline?


By investigating the effect of varying the membrane potential on the endplate potential in 'twitch' fibres, Fatt & Katz (1951) and Castillo & Katz (1954) have shown that the neuromuscular transmitter produces a relatively non-selective increase in permeability at the end-plate which drives it towards an equilibrium potential some 10-20 mV below zero. In the present work an attempt has been made to find out whether the same type of process is responsible for the small-nerve junctional potential (s.j.p.) in slow fibres. A preliminary account of the experiments has been published (Burke & Ginsborg, 1955). Depolarization of the slow fibres does not result in propagated electrical or mechanical responses. The membrane potential may therefore be set at different levels by applying 'rectangular' pulses of current, without the complication of action potentials or twitches. The effect of varying the membrane potential on the s.j.p. may then be investigated by superimposing it on different steady electrotonic potentials.


In 1982 Siitonen developed a method of measuring the local air tightness of sections of buildings using a device called a collector chamber (CC). This measurement is of interest because it can indicate building faults. This design note describes an improved method which also uses a CC. The principle of the Siitonen method is to measure the pressure difference between the outside of the building and CC ( Delta p) when the pressure difference between CC and the room ( Delta p') is zero. The improved method incorporates a null detector of Delta p' which is more sensitive than that used by Siitonen (1982). Furthermore, the system automatically measures Delta p whenever Delta p' is zero in spite of the fact that the external or internal conditions affecting the building are continually altering both Delta p and Delta p'.


In an attempt to make the "peroxidase puncture" in 223 rabbits with a modified technique I was able to produce the "striatal blood picture" in 7 animals. The small number of the successful "peroxidase puncture" shows the difficulty of the operation even with the modified technique. 1. Those successfully "pcroxidase punctured" animal develop the "striatal blood picture" from 1_??_to 24 hours after the puncture. 2. As Sato has already suggested in his first report, it is only the myeloid leucocyte in the streaming blood that will become peroxidase-ncgative, while they remain oxidase-positive. The leucocyte of the same category in the bone marrow, for instance, remains oxidasc-as well as peroxidase-positive. 3. The smallest lesion with the "peroxidase puncture" extends as far (cranial) as the foremost part of Aquaeductus Sylvii and includes in it the part near oculomotor nuclei. As to the above limit Sato has already shown that it does not surpass the level of the Aquaeductus Sylvii.


The state-of-the-art radio-frequency (RF) devices limit the deployment of extremely high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) formats (e.g., 16384-QAM) to meet the high-capacity demand on microwave backhaul links. This paper turns to faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) transmission using lower-order constellations and lower-cost RF devices as a solution to the demand. To realize low-complexity interference cancellation, we pre-equalize the FTN-induced inter-symbol interference at the transmitter by using Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP), while at the receiver suppressing the phase noise (PHN) generated by the RF local oscillators with pilot symbol assisted approaches. However, the THP may distort the pilots, which degrades the performance of PHN compensation. To resolve this problem, we propose two pilot designs that are distortion-free to precisely estimate the PHN samples. Moreover, we derive a closed-form expression of the symbol detection signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), in terms of the THP-FTN waveform parameters. With the SNR expression, a waveform optimization procedure is developed to maximize the SNR and enhance the achievable FTN capacity. The proposed scheme is validated in the simulated platform of 4096-QAM microwave link. The results demonstrate that the FTN signaling achieves the system capacity equivalent to that of the 16384-QAM Nyquist signaling with an SNR gain of 5.8 dB.


Various attempts to counteract acute etoh effects have not been rewarding so far. Various reports from animal experiments suggest that etoh sleep or etoh anaesthesia is effectively counteracted with various more or less non-specific stimulants, but these results refer to heavy etoh intoxication only. An altered turn-over of various brain neurotransmitters, well documented in animals, may not be an important contributor to inebriation but is rather associated with etoh inebriation in a non-specific way. One may conclude that there is no relevant animal behaviour model that matches the subtle central depression after low doses of etoh. Etoh acts as a solvent which impairs various membrane functions, and a really effective specific antagonist would be hard to find. (Author/TRRL)


For over four decades, power management efficiency and cost have improved steadily as innovations in power metal oxide silicon field effect transistor (MOSFET) structures, technology, and circuit topologies have kept pace with the growing need for electrical power in our daily lives. In the new millennium, however, the rate of improvement has slowed as the silicon power MOSFET asymptotically approaches its theoretical bounds. Power MOSFETs first appeared in 1976 as alternatives to bipolar transistors. These majority‐carrier devices were faster, more rugged, and had higher current gain than their minority‐carrier counterparts (for a discussion of basic semiconductor physics, a good reference is [1]). As a result, switching power conversion became a commercial reality. Among the earliest high‐volume consumers of power MOSFETs were AC–DC switching power supplies for early desktop computers, followed by variable‐speed motor drives, fluorescent lights, DC–DC converters, and thousands of other applications that populate our daily lives. One of the first power MOSFETs was the IRF100 from International Rectifier Corporation, introduced in November 1978. It boasted a 100 V drain‐source breakdown voltage and a 0.1 Ω on‐resistance (RDS(on)), the benchmark of the era. With a die size over 40 mm2 and with a $34 price tag, this product was not destined to supplant the venerable bipolar transistor immediately. Since then, several manufacturers have developed many generations of power MOSFETs. Benchmarks have been set, and subsequently surpassed, each year for 40‐plus years. As of the date of this writing, the 100 V benchmark arguably is held by Infineon with the BSZ096N10LS5. In comparison with the IRF100 MOSFET's resistivity figure of merit (4 Ω mm2), the BSZ096N10LS5 has a figure of merit of 0.060 Ω mm2. That is almost at the theoretical limit for a silicon device [2]. There are still improvements to be made in power MOSFETs. For example, super‐ junction devices and IGBTs have achieved conductivity improvements beyond the theoretical limits of a simple vertical, majority‐carrier MOSFET. These innovations may still continue for quite some time and certainly will be able to leverage the low‐ cost structure of the power MOSFET and the know‐how of a well‐educated base of designers who, after many years, have learned to squeeze every ounce of performance out of their power conversion circuits and systems. GaN Technology Overview


Purpose: To present the design, development and evaluation plans for an innovative patient-centred ICT solution (ACQUIRE-HF) to combat heart failure that will be developed by a multi-disciplinary, international


It is a known fact that a stationary subdivision scheme generates the full space of polynomials of degree up to N if and only if its symbol satisfies sum rules of order N + 1. This property is, in general, only necessary for the associated limit function to have approximation order N +1 and for being C N -continuous. But, the polynomial reproduction property of degree N (i.e. the capability of a subdivision scheme to reproduce in the limit exactly the same polynomials from which the data is sampled) is sufficient for having approximation order N + 1. The aim of this short paper is to show that, when dealing with non-stationary subdivision schemes, the crucial role played by polynomials and sum rules is taken by exponential polynomials and approximate sum rules. More in detail, we here show that for a non-stationary subdivision scheme the reproduction of N exponential polynomials implies fulfillment of approximate sum rules of order N. Furthermore, generation of N exponential polynomials implies fulfillment of approximate sum rules of order N if asymptotical similarity to a convergent stationary scheme is also assumed together with reproduction of a single exponential polynomial. We additionally show that reproduction of an N-dimensional space of exponential polynomials, jointly with asymptotical similarity, implies approximation order N. To show this we also prove the convergence of the sequence of basic limit functions of the non-stationary scheme to the basic limit function of the asymptotically similar stationary one.


The patients selected for this trial were well known at the Department of Allergology. All patients suffered from chronic bronchial asthma of the intrinsic type, in some complicated by chronic bronchitis and/or emphysema. With few exceptions, all have for several years regularly visited the out-patient department for control every fourtli to sixth week. They had to declare willingness to follow the instructions carefully and to appear for regular controls every month. Previously perorally given bronchodilating agents were withdrawn, but when needed, the patients were allowed to use sympathomimetic drugs for inhalation.


of debate over the determination of wage inflation. We will concentrate mainly on rival views of the determinants of the real wage and we will attempt to test these competing hypotheses. Our aim is not to present another model of wage formation but rather to assess the degree of empirical support which can be found for existing models. In our attempt to do this we will make use of some new techniques which have been developed in the co-integration literature.


The incorporation of self-healing functionalities into stretchable thermoset systems can be associated with challenges such as large accumulation of inelastic strain as a result of repeated stretching or dramatic changes in modulus during repeated damage–self-healing cycles. Here, we successfully fabricate a stretchable and transparent electrode with photo-irradiation mediated self-healing capacity. This electrode was realised using Ag nanowires (AgNWs) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) without employing any of the established dynamic self-healing chemistries. First, the AgNWs deposited on a cured TPU film were irradiated with intense-pulsed-light (IPL) to induce plasmonic heating, resulting in a large enhancement in conductivity and mechanically stable, stretchable transparent electrodes. Subsequent rounds of IPL irradiation were employed to repair the artificial cracks formed on the surface of the AgNW/TPU electrodes and the micro-cracks induced by repeated rounds of stretch-and-release testing. The surface analysis confirmed that both types of defects were successfully repaired by the IPL treatment owing to the enhanced flowability and thermal expansion of TPU during IPL irradiation. Multiple scratching with a cutting knife and healing demonstration revealed that the cracks formed at the same locations were healed repeatedly up to five times.


A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of biochar with various sources of organic manures on soil organic matter and bulk density at Jamuniya-1, Nawalparasi from October 2015 to January 2016. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 10 treatments i.e Control, biochar (100%), FYM (100 %), poultry manure (100%), vermicompost (100 %), biofertilizer (100%), biochar (50%) +FYM (50%), biochar (50%) + poultry manure (50 %), biochar (50%) + vermicompost (50 %), biochar (50%) + biofertilizer (50 %) replicated 3 times. Biochar was prepared from locally available rice husk under pyrolytic condition and applied in field together with other organic amendments before 15 days of transplanting of cabbage seedlings. Analysis of primary nutrients of the organic manure and biochar was done and rate of manure was fixed on the basis of their nutrient content. Biochar applied with organic manures significantly increased the soil water holding capacity and reduced the soil bulk density. This study showed that organic manure applied with biochar improved the soil physical properties as compared to control. Biochar application provides an innovative method for handling excess organic wastes to sequester carbon and to improve soil health and plant productivity.


Given the global economy's dependence on female factory workers in developing nations, increasing numbers of organizations are realizing the value of improving the health of those workers with on-site programs that address their unique needs. Since 2007, Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) has partnered with forward-thinking organizations to overcome the challenges in providing such services and creating a work environment where women can flourish. In addition to describing innovative initiatives from Levi Strauss & Co., Timberland, and Hewlett-Packard, this article details how other companies can replicate their successes along supply chains around the world. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


By establishing the partnership, enterprise of service in tourism can realize the resource and risk sharing and to partners, and achieve a win-win situation. In order to avoid the one-sidedness and blindness of selecting partners, we select partners by the fuzzy synthetical evaluation method, and manage to partnership, so as to improve the overall quality level of supply chain and the service competitiveness of enterprise in tourism tourism.


In the article the characteristics of modern educational process at high school, caused by its construction on the basis of the competence-based approach and analyzed from the positions of the quality standards of education are presented. On the material of local regulations of the Moscow University after S.Y.Vitte the system of ensuring quality of educational process at the concrete higher education institution is shown.


The exploitation of the metonymic theory in EFL teaching will activate special functions—it would be beneficial to the learners' intelligence development and also meet the demands of relevant domestic policies.Therefore the present paper undertakes to explore the implications of cognitive metonymic theory functioning in such practical pedagogical levels as vocabulary,reading and grammar in EFL.


In this paper, we use the latest official data to study the general characteristics and rules on urban population's distribution and evolution in world cities such as New York, Tokyo and London, find out the patterns of urbanization and reach three conclusions here: first, the phenomenon of counter-urbanization occurring in Center City District more earlier than any other areas, and much remarkable for the change of urban population. Second, in area of metropolitan area, the pattern of core-peripheral spatial structure had been broken and entered the era of diversity. Third, the Center City District population density is usually maintained at a certain limit, to break the limit, this will be within the scope of the population is still higher volatility.


Immature and mature dendritic cells (DC) have been well characterized functionally and phenotypically. Microorganisms or bacterial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and inflammatory molecules, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α), are both believed to activate the DC maturation program which allows DC to initiate and amplify innate and adaptive immune responses. However, there is increasing evidence that the functional state of DC, induced by different stimuli, may be relevant for the immune response outcome. Thus, we compared the transcriptional program of mature, transitional and immature DC, after either LPS or TNF‐α stimulation. GeneChip® oligonucleotide microarrays, representing approximately 6,500 murine genes and ESTs, were used for this analysis. A very diverse modulation of gene expression was observed with the two stimuli. Only LPS‐treated cells showed a pattern of expression of genes compatible with a definitive growth arrest and with a suitable activation and control of the immune response.


With declaration of carbon zero in response to climate change, the importance is also being bandied about developing large-scale energy storage system, especially for electric vehicle (EV). Commercialized EV with a highest development lithium-ion batteries (LIB) could operate over 300 miles per single charging, but liquid electrolyte-based LIB gives rise to a huge risk concerning about ignition and explosion. All-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) is considered to alternative next-generation battery that have high safety advantageous with removal the risk of ignition by applying non-combustible inorganic solid-electrolytes (SEs). In case of sulfide-based ASSBs, there were progressed in performance itself at cell capacity increase and cycling characteristic due to advance in cell configuration, composite cathode, and cell fabrication technique compared to early works. Nevertheless, it is still demanded improvement related to the cathode-electrolyte interface stability, and its dominant causes are electrochemical- and chemo-mechanical problems. Therefore, most of researchers have tried to figure out the behavior of all-solid-state batteries by providing external pressure, and then resolve degradation issues including contact loss and resistive layer formation. However, in practical and commercialization aspects, the external pressured cell can be a stumbling block to scale-up from lab to large-scale ASSBs stage.
 In this study, we evaluated electrochemical performance using by general coin cell to investigate behavior of ASSBs, which is consisted with LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2/Li6PS5Cl/VGCF|Li6PS5Cl|In-Li. The ASSB coin cell showed a significant capacity degradation having 59 % of capacity retention in 50th cycles, as expected. Herein, the main cause of the rapid capacity decrease is likely to be due to the accelerated physical contact loss. In addition to this, we have expanded the scope of analysis to investigate if there are other causes entire range including cell- and material level. The degradation in cell level is the inhomogeneous electrochemical reaction, that is within composite cathode, resulting from analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This induces more severe degradation on close to SE separator, resulting in intensification of SE deterioration accompanied by damage implying a phase transformation of the active material. Furthermore, even though the contact loss problem has improved through re-pressing, the capacity was not recovered, which is because the material itself has deteriorated.
 Moving on to the material level, many cracks are observed inside of the active material, and sulfur infused into grain-boundary of active materials that confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In addition, through analyzing transmission electron microscopy, the phase transformation both mixed and rock-salt phase was confirmed the cathode surface of not only secondary particle but also primary particle of interior cathode. For more specifically affirmed this, various analysis including Raman spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy were conducted, and we confirmed that the major cause is due to depletion of the Li source. Therefore, the loss of active Li by infused sulfur caused acceleration of deterioration cathode making poor capacity retention. This study is meaningful in providing another guideline that should be regarded for practical all-solid-state batteries through a new consideration in cathode degradation.


The utility model discloses a monochamus alternatus hope trap, consisting of a suspended ring, a funnel cap, a cross baffler, an ensnaring core, a worm collecting board, a worm collector; the suspended ring is fixed at the top of a funnel; the cross baffler is fixed between the funnel cap and the worm collecting board, which is hollow and provided with the ensnaring core inside; the worm collector is arranged under the worm collecting board, and flexibly connected with the worm collecting board; the cross baffler consists of the tow rectangle boards clipped each other; the four corners of the long board are provided with two small retaining foots, the top retaining foot extends out the funnel cap; the lower retaining foot extends out the worm collecting board; the two retaining foots are fixed with the funnel cap and the worm collecting board separately after being bent. The utility model has the advantages of simple and convenient production, high efficiency to catch worms, good catching effect, low cost and easy use.


Objective To set up real time RT-PCR detection method for Marburg virus.Methods Some representative nucleic acid segment of Marburg virus as positive control were synth esized,and several primers,probes and reaction system of real time RT-PCR were designed to explore the best detection condition.The PCR condition was optimized to improve the sensitivity and specificity of the assay.Results The specificity of the assay for real time RT-PCR for Marburg virus was high and there was no cross reactions with Dengue virus,Japanese encephalitis virus and Chikungunya virus.The sensitivity of the assay was 100 gene copies per test.Conclusion This method is suitable for laboratory detection of Marburg virus because of its high sensitivity and specificity.


This evaluation work was based on evaluating the efficacy of Albendazole 10%® and Ivermectin at 3.5%®, against the parasitic load of gastrointestinal nematodes. An investigation was designed for which 50 bovines of the Swiss/Zebu cross were used, with different ages, weight and sex and with a considerable level of parasitic infestation.


Under the condition of TDS,the volatile matter was extracted by dynamic headspace collection method with good adult Pelargonium graveolens,and the composition of the extract was detected by gas chrom atograph-mass spectrometer(GC-MS).There were 58 kinds of volatile matter,including ten types of compounds,such as alkane,olefins etc.There were 32 types terpenoid(relative content of 61.35%),and the content of citronellal was the highest in simple carbohydrate(relative content of 14.46%).Then,our work demonstrated that retention index could provide a complementary and convenient method for accurate analysis of the volatile matter from leaves of P.graveolens.The results obtained may be helpful for the further exploitation of P.graveolens.


This conference paper discusses the innovative and novel inclusive exhibition and service design solutions developed as part of a participatory action design research project. The solutions addressed enhancing the intellectual access of blind and partially sighted visitors to local and regional galleries and museums. This research was a collaboration between the National Centre for Craft & Design, RNIB, SENSE and Lincolnshire visually impaired people.


Since components are the major building blocks for component-based systems, developing high quality components is becoming very critical for in component-based software engineering. To generate high quality components, we must pay attention to component testability to ensure that reusable components not only can be tested by component vendors, but also can be easily validated by component users. Therefore, component testability analysis, verification and measurement become very important research topic in testing components and component-based systems. This paper discusses the component testability in a quantifiable approach based on a component testability analysis model. Engineers can use this model to verify and measure component testability during a component development process. Based on this testability model, the paper discusses component testability verification, and proposes a pentagram model for testability measurement.


SUMMARY This paper is about important artifacts of scientific research, namely models. The author proposes that the representations of scientific models be treated as works. Bibliographic families of models may better reflect disciplinary intellectual structures and relationships, thereby providing information retrieval that is reflective of human information seeking and use purposes such as teaching and learning. Two examples of scientific models are presented using the Dublin Core metadata elements.


In the paper, we consider the quantum effects in reflection of the electromagnetic field from an absorbing Bragg mirror. The special emphasis is placed on the study of the influence of thermal noises of the mirror environment on the fidelity of reflection. Taking the incident light field in coherent and Fock states, we show that the fidelity of reflection turns out to be strongly dependent on the quantum state, and on the level of thermal noise and absorption of the mirror.


The principle and structure of linear compressors are introduced,and the technical development is reviewed firstly in this paper.Then the research results of linear compressors are presented from four aspects including linear motor,compressor structure,theoretical analysis,and control strategy.Finally,some unsolved technical problems when the technique is developed in China are given.


Objective:To establish the specific chromatogram of Fufang Shexiang injection and simultaneously determine five com-ponents( menthol,borneol,patchouli alcohol,muscone,α-asarone) in the injection by GC. Methods:The sample solution was extracted by a solid-phase extraction method. The separation was performed on a DB-WAX GC capillary column with an FID detection. Results:The specific chromatogram had six common peaks, and the similarity was above 0. 91. The five chemical components(menthol,borne-ol,patchouli alcohol,muscone,α-asarone) were well separated and with good linear relationship, the recoveries were between 95. 1 and 102. 6%, and RSD was less than 3. 0%. Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible. The specific chromatogram combined with multi-component determination can reflect the overall quality of Fufang Shexiang injection, which can be used for the quality control of the preparation.


The poet's compositional origin differs from one poem to another, and from one situation to another. Each poem has its own circumstance, and its distinctive motives. This is why it was natural to find in Al-Jawahiri different motives and multiple origins. Sometimes it is subject to emotional arbitrariness, and at other times it is subject to artistic intent, and perhaps in many cases both of them meet with the poet during the birth of the poem, or this continues until a little later.
Perhaps the best way for us to know this is what we find in the memoirs of the poet himself, of a statement of the motives of some of the poems and a description of the state that afflicted him while reciting the poem.


With the continuous development of society, people's living standards gradually improve. In this new situation, higher requirements are put forward for the English level of higher vocational students. We need to change the traditional teaching mode and the teacher centered teaching mode. In the new situation of higher vocational English teaching, students and teachers are required to take the initiative to cooperate, and teachers, as the guide of teaching, students as the practitioners of learning, the two roles should be integrated, so as to make higher vocational English teaching more efficient under the new situation. This paper first analyzes the necessity of higher vocational English teaching reform, analyzes the current situation of teaching, and finally discusses the teaching reform and practice.


Influence of the sixth nerve on the iris.?That predaceous animals, by their habits constantly exposed to injury, should have correctness of vision insured by its non-connexion with alterations of common sensation, is nothing more than we should expect. Were the iris in the dog or cat under the direct control of the fifth nerve, a lacerated lip or bitten cheek would materially disorder sight. Why there should be a different arrangement in the rabbit and guinea-pig it is less easy to comprehend. These animals arc fugacious, have their ears opening from behind, and can direct either eye by itself outwards and backwards, whilst the other is directed forwards, so as literally to look two ways at once. Is it not in order to associate the iris with the external rectus mus-


We study the solitary wave solutions of a non-integrable generalized KdV equation proposed by Fokas [A. S. Fokas, Physica D 87, 145 (1995)], aiming to describe unidirectional waves in shallow water with greater accuracy than the standard KdV equation. This generalized equation includes higher-order terms in the small parameters α and β, representing respectively the height and inverse width of the wave compared to the thickness of the water sheet. The solitary waves we find have a smaller height and a larger width than the corresponding KdV soliton at the same propagation velocity. Extrapolating these results we conjecture that — in the limit of arbitrarily high order in α and β — the solitary waves will attain a specific, finite height and width as the wave speed c increases.


PSD‐95 is a scaffolding protein of the MAGUK protein family, and engages in several vital protein–protein interactions in the brain with its PDZ domains. It has been suggested that PSD‐95 is composed of two supramodules, one of which is the PDZ1‐2 tandem domain. Here we have developed rigidified high‐affinity dimeric ligands that target the PDZ1‐2 supramodule, and established the biophysical parameters of the dynamic PDZ1‐2/ligand interactions. By employing ITC, protein NMR, and stopped‐flow kinetics this study provides a detailed insight into the overall conformational energetics of the interaction between dimeric ligands and tandem PDZ domains. Our findings expand our understanding of the dynamics of PSD‐95 with potential relevance to its biological role in interacting with multivalent receptor complexes and development of novel drugs.


Though slavery was practised in the Kenya coast for a long time, the subject of slavery has,however, been an anathema in Kenya. Nobody has been willing to talk about it or its effects.Slowly, however, things have started to change and now people, especially those thought to be descendants of slaves or slave traders have started to talk about it. This paper, using the Shimoni slave caves on the south Kenya coast, examines what is being remembered and how these memories are being used to construct relationships not only within and between the communities of these areas but with the wider Kenyan nation.


The goal of this research was to know: "Was the students' understanding of mathematics concept who were taught by using 'Stratagem' Method through cooperative learning better than conventional Method." The research method was Quasi Experimental Research, Post-test Only Control Design. Data was collected from the test. From data data analysis, it was found that the students' understanding of mathematics concept who were taught by using 'Stratagem' Method through cooperative learning was better than conventional Method. Kata kunci: metode stratagem, pembelajaran kooperatif, pemahaman konsep matematis


Optimistic computation methods typically saw copies of objects' state infoTmation, so that they MI recover fmn mus 'over-optimistic' computations. Such state saving is genrmlly time and space consuming, and can be rather complicated both to implement and to use. I show how the data structure community's theory of persistence can be used not only to analyse and explain the treatment of state in optimistic systems, but also as a simple yet general mechanism for performing the necessary state saving with minimal impact on application code. Preliminary results based on a benchmark application and an existing optimistic simulator are presented, showing that prooiding support for fully general object states is a realistic and practical option. In addition, I show how some existing state saving teduriques - including support for shared state - can be &d, and discuss a number of ways in which the


The main aim of proposed work is to obtain a large bandwidth with reduced size. The proposed micro strip antenna has a wide bandwidth covering the range from 1.806-2.978 GHz. By using new inset feed technique, wide bandwidth of 68.69% has been achieved which is suitable for Personal communication system (PCS 1.85-1.88 GHz) and IEEE 802.11b/g (2.4-2.485 GHz). The proposed patch antenna is designed and simulated on the Zealand IE3D software and the hardware of the proposed micro strip antenna is tested on the network analyzer.


A field experiment was conducted at Vegetable Research Centre, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand during 2003–04 and 2004–05 with potato cultivar K. Chipsona-2. The growth parameters and yield of potato was significantly influenced by the organic manures and chemical fertilizers. Maximum plant height (68.66 cm), number of haulms per hill (7.55), number of tubers per hill (8.33), weight of tuber per hill (626.66 g), dry matter content of tuber (26.30%), total soluble solids (5.03oB), specific gravity (0.975 g/cm3) and yield (245.60 g/ha) were recorded with the application of 100% recommended dose of NPK (160:100:120 kg/ha) + 10 t FYM followed by 100% of recommended dose of NPK alone. Maximum number and weight of A and B grade tubers were recorded in treatment T4 and T5, respectively. The highest net income as well as benefit: cost ratio (1:25) were obtained with the application of 100% NPK.


The reality shows that due to the influence factors of material transportation face more, thus constitute the influence the important exogenous variables of municipal engineering project construction. Through deconstructing the characteristics of project construction, it presents the large engineering construction, engineering construction progress fast, engineering, environmental requirements higher multiple points. On the basis of the analysis shows that: in the application, you need to specific requirements for analysis of municipal engineering project construction, promote the logistics supply chain of horizontal alliance form, to optimize logistics in supply chain management, and control the environmental quality in logistics transportation, etc.


The invention provides an electronic document commenting method as well as a method and a device for accessing electronic document comment, which solve the problem in the background technology that the comment content based on a document position cannot be checked. The electronic document commenting method comprises the following steps of receiving the comment content inputted for a selected reading range; generating document position information corresponding to the selected reading range according to the selected reading range; and uploading the document position information and the comment content corresponding to the same selected reading range. The electronic document commenting method provided by the embodiment can flexibly select the reading range to conduct the comment for a specific sentence; and moreover, the comment content based on the document position information can be uploaded, and the comment content based on the document position can be downloaded by other users.


Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the understanding, attitudes and intentions regarding Human Papillomavirus and HPV vaccinations among pediatric dentists in the United States. Methods: Surveys were mailed to 500 members of American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Results: Surveys were returned from 126 Practitioners (~25%). Pediatric dentists' treating adolescent patients are not more likely to recommend the HPV vaccination (P=0.57). Similarly, taking CE courses on HPV (p=0.417) and oral cancer (p=0.81) does not make them more likely to recommend the HPV vaccination. Pediatric dentists' level of involvement in providing HPV vaccine will be a function of their self-evaluation of comfort and skill level regarding HPV vaccine, identification with the role of vaccinating and assessment of the vaccine as being beneficial (p<0.05). Conclusion: Pediatric dentists' level of involvement in providing HPV vaccine will be a function of their self-evaluation of comfort and skill level regarding HPV vaccine, identification with the role of vaccinating and assessment of the vaccine as being beneficial. Knowledge and resources did not play a significant role in predicting level of involvement.


Early childhood is the crucial stage for the family and the school to ensure that children strengthen their levels of resilience, which will enable them to engage in the future life with a proper preparation in the face of difficult or risky situations. This paper reports on the progress made in the research, which originated at the Universidad del Tolima, entitled "Proposal for a Program to Increase the Levels of Resilience in First Grade Children of the Instituto Tecnologico Salesiano Eloy Valenzuela Sede C of Bucaramanga". This project is based on the analysis of backgrounds, and the previous conclusions are the result of fieldwork that aims to establish the aspects that should include the program that strengthens resilience, final product of the research.


In this paper, we present a mood-based music recommendation player: Smoodi. The Smoodi provides smart mood recommendation by touch and drag and it has three different views: Mood Square, Cover Flow and Mood Cloud. In the Mood Square, users can check the mood distribution of local clips and generate playlists by touching mood cells. In the Cover Flow, users can find music information and generate similar songs list by dragging a seed song. In the Tag Cloud, users can make playlists by selecting mood tags. For this application, we developed new mood model from collected mood tags and arousal-valence position values and designed a regression function to estimate mood probabilities.


In the sense of modern market economy,traditional credit transactions and corporation credit control originated from Britain in 1830 and from 1837 in the U.S.,and were marked by the emergence of credit investigation company and related investigation service industry.After that,global credit management mode and its corresponding theory came gradually into being,but they failed to meet the demands for credit management in modern enterprise.Only through global credit management of integrating "economic credit,rule-of-law credit and moral credit" can corporation's credit risks be prevented and decreased radically."Trinity" management theory as a brand-new value and way of enterprise management has overall,systematic,scientific and eternal characteristics,for its fundamental goal——establishing efficient and ordered credit culture,meeting the needs of customers and employees for credit demands,and increasing enterprise's benefit.


This article is to review some issues relating to banking deregulations under the current Korean Bank Act in order to enhance the competitiveness of banks and advance the banking system, considering the rapidly changing financial environment domestically and worldwide and the strategy of the current Korean government toward the Northeast Asia financial hub country. In general, the competitiveness of the Korean banking industry is evaluated to have been greatly improved due to financial restructuring after the 1997 financial crisis. One of the notable examples of the changed domestic banking environments is the sharpening competition between domestic banks and foreign banks as foreign banking institutions have expanded their market share rapidly after the 1997 financial crisis; thus, certain measures are being needed to tackle this sharpening competition. In addition, some deregulation measures in the banking industry are also greatly being demanded in order to pursue the Northeast Asia financial hub country. In line with this, this article suggests some improvement measures toward banking deregulations, among others, for the purpose of attaining such goals. First, the current system of a prior authorization for foreign banks' establishment of an additional bank branch in Korea should be changed into the system of a prior report to the financial supervisory authority. Second, the current prior authorization system in foreign banks' setting-up of a representative office in Korea should be changed into a prior report system. Third, the current system of a prior 'consultation' with the financial regulator in setting-up of an overseas subsidiary or branch office by domestic banks should be changed into a prior report system since the word 'consultation' is so ambiguous that there is a possibility that such consultation system would be operated as 'prior approval' system. Fourth, the current 15% ceiling for determining a bank's subsidiary (i.e., if a bank owns more than 15% of voting shares of a cer tain company, then such company would be regarded as a bank subsidiary) should be raised to 25% to allow more rooms in a bank's portfolio investments.


In deregulated power industry, many participants are playing in the market aiming to get the maximum benefit by selling and buying the energy. The congestion in the transmission line occurs due to increased load demand, the limited capacity of the transmission line and tendency to get the power at a cheaper rate. Power system security and reliability may be at high risk due to intense congestion in the network. Hence, the system operator has to deal the congestion management issues with utmost care. In this paper, energy management approach is applied to relieve the congestion on transmission line by rescheduling of generators with an objective to minimize the rescheduling cost. The Generator Sensitivity Factors(GSF) is incorporated in an optimization model of energy management to determine the number of generators to be rescheduled. The optimized cost of rescheduling of generators is obtained by applying the Grey Wolf Optimization(GWO) Algorithm. The performance of energy management approach with different contingency cases are considered in the analysis on modified IEEE 30 bus system. The power and energy generation, generation cost, energy saving, rescheduling cost for different cases are obtained. The rescheduling of generators are carried out by considering with and without Renewable Energy Source(RES) and it is shown that the rescheduling cost, energy loss and usage of fossil fuel with RES generator is reduced compared to rescheduling of generators without RES generators.


R ecovering crude oil from the depths of the earth is becoming more challenging: environmental standards, sustainability issues, and difficult-to-reach oilfields are making drilling more technically demanding. In oil & gas exploration and production, elastomers perform a host of critical functions topside and downhole, where demands on the polymeric materials are continually increasing. They must, for example, allow for increasing temperatures, higher pressures and resist more severe chemical environments, while also ensuring the quality, efficiency and longevity of vital production components. The selection of elastomers and correct formulation has, therefore, become more demanding in recent years: presenting increasingly complex issues. This is evidenced by a trend towards project-specific developments and closer collaboration between materials suppliers and oil & gas companies. Materials have to be closely adapted to the different drilling locations and its specific conditions. Careful choice of elastomer and correct compound design are essential to ensuring that components add long-term value to processes for recovering these costly energy resources.


The quantum chemical COSMO-RS method was applied to describe supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) with an enhanced capacity of selective separation of CO2 from N2, in order to contribute to the design of CO2 postcombustion capture technologies based on ionic liquid (IL) solvents. First, the predictive capability of the COSMO-RS method was evaluated through a comparison with a wide range of selectivity experimental data, and a further optimization based on the Henry's Law constant of each solute in ILs was developed to improve the prediction of CO2/N2 selectivity in SILMs. Afterward, the optimized COSMO-RS approach was applied to design suitable SILM systems for CO2/N2 separation by driving a computational screening of 224 ILs, with results illustrating the capability of [SCN−]-based ILs to enhance the selective separation of CO2 from N2. Finally, to better understand SILM behavior in CO2 separation, the CO2/N2 selectivity differences among ILs were successfully related to the excess enthalpy of CO2−IL...


The present invention discloses a method for operating a malleable molded plastic part cooling tube assembly. The cooling tube assembly comprising a porous tube / insert adjustment inner surface and configured to cooperate with the contoured in a vacuum tube with the porous structure. In use, a vacuum regulator in the vicinity of the inner surface is formed under reduced pressure, to cause may be located within the outer surface of the cooling tube assembly may ductile molded plastic part with the inner surface of the porous insert adjustment contacts, so as to allow an outer surface of the malleable part, once most of the cooling will reach substantially corresponds to the inner contour of the surface contour adjustment. The cooling tube assembly further comprising a suction passage therein that is configured to control the valve member for passing through a suction flow which cooperate to assist the suction flow transferring the molded article to the the cooling tube assembly.


Stomach contents are reported for 83 croaker (Micropogon undulatus) and 280 sand trout (Cynoscion arenarius); also for a few individuals each of sheepshead (Archosargus oviceps), sand perch Bairdiella chrysura), gafftopsail catfish (Bagre marinus), spadefish (Chaetodipterus faber), flounder (Paralichthys lethostigma), and redfish (Sciaenops ocellata). Variety is characteristic in the diets of all species. Populations of these fishes depend upon an adequate supply of small fishes, shrimps, and mollusks. During the summers of 1954 and 1955, the senior author was engaged in biological studies of East Bay, Texas, as a project of the Marine Division of the Texas Game and Fish Commission. During the investigations the food and feeding habits of several fishes were given attention. The junior authors participated in a program during the summer of 1955, and did intensive work in stomach analyses. Reid (1955a, 1955b) has presented general data on the food of sume East Bay fishes during the summer of 1954. The present paper presents a more salient account of the food relationships of certain of the fishes, and considers the effects on feeding habits of the introduction of more saline water (resulting from the construction of a pass between the bay and Gulf of Mexico, as described below) into the originally estuarine habitat. East Bay is a northeastwardly oriented arm of the Galveston Bay system, although an extensive reef (Hanna Reef) located across the lower end of the bay serves rather effectively as a barrier between East Bay and Galveston Bay proper. East Bay, approximately 20 miles long and five miles wide at the lower end, is separated from the Gulf by a slender projection of land, Bolivar Peninsula. The maximum depth at mean tide is about seven feet. The upper (northeast) portion of the bay is now connected with the Gulf by a pass (Rollover Pass) approximately 1900 feet long and 80 feet wide, opened in January, 1955. 'Contribution from the Marine Laboratory, Texas Game and Fish Commission, Rockport_ 2Formerly Department of Wildlife Management, Texas A&M College, College Station. This content downloaded from 184.108.40.206 on Thu, 28 Apr 2016 05:26:54 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms


Who's Who in Political Revolutions is a brilliant new collection of accessible, illustrated profiles of more than 70 individuals from every corner of the world who through their actions, writings, and ideals shaped the course of history in revolutionary ways in the last 200 years.Who's Who in Political Revolutions is a perfect complement to the Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions as a reference for your library's circulating collection. Students and interested lay readers will find it valuable because it is: -- Accessible -- Lively writing plus a minimum of jargon and esoteric concepts allow the profile of each revolutionary leader to take shape and dimension.-- Authoritative -- Profiles and supporting essays are based on the acclaimed Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions, published by CQ under the editorial direction of the scholars in the field throughout the world and Professor Jack Goldstone, one of the leading experts on revolutions and revolutionaries.-- Abundantly Illustrated -- Nearly every profile includes a compelling picture of the revolutionary leader.


In this paper, we propose a feasible cross-layer algorithm to improve video quality in wireless communications systems. This algorithm encompasses both the application and the physical layers. In the application layer, the classification of bits is accomplished by the video encoder. In the physical layer, the spatial multiplexing and the diversity gains provided by multiple input multiple output antenna systems with hybrid structure are exploited. Besides that, channel knowledge at the transmitter is used for antenna selection to enhance the performance, which is shown to improve the objective and subjective video quality at the end user.


For any crossing knot K, it appears that the minimum stick representation will not yield the lowest minimum distance energy. Experimentally it is obvious that this is the case. In fact, by just adding a midpoint to a minimum stick representation we nd that a lower energy results. In an attempt to show this, we will show that the minimum distance energy of an edge from knot K will be greater than or equal to the composite sum of the same knot's edge divided by a midpoint. We call savings the amount our UMD decreases for any given edge. We will show what our savings is after adding a midpoint to an edge. Last we will show our ndings for a rough upper bound describing the contribution of newly non-adjacent edges.