word count: 249 Main text word count: 2575 Title: Risk factors for lung cancer in COPD – results from the Bergen COPD Cohort Study Authors: Gunnar R. Husebø 1,2 , MD, Rune Nielsen 1 , MD, PhD, Jon Hardie 2 , MD, PhD, Per Sigvald Bakke 2 , MD, PhD, Lorena Lerner 3 , PhD, Corina D'Alessandro-Gabazza 4 , PhD, Jeno Gyuris 3 , PhD, Esteban Gabazza 4 , MD, PhD, Pål Aukrust 5,6,7 , MD, PhD and Tomas Eagan 1,2 , MD, PhD 1 Dept. of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen Norway, 2 Dept. of clinical science, University of Bergen, Norway 3 AVEO Oncology, Cambridge, MA, USA 4 Dept. of Immunology, Mie University, Tsu city, Japan 5 Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway 6 Section of Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway 7 Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Corresponding author: Gunnar R Husebø Dept. of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen firstname.lastname@example.com Conflict of interest: No authors report any conflict of interest. Funding information: The study received no specific funding. Parts of the results of the study were presented as an abstract for the European Respiratory Society Congress in Milano 2017.


Mechanical behaviors of structured soils can usually be quantitatively assessed based on the mechanical behaviors of the corresponding reconstituted clays. The method of preparing reconstituted soils will affect the quality of reconstituted samples remarkably, and therefore, affect their mechanical parameters. To guarantee the quality of reconstituted soil samples, a large diameter oedometer apparatus was modified for preparing reconstituted clay samples. To investigate the compression and strength behaviors of the reconstituted clay samples prepared by the modified apparatus, standard oedometer tests and triaxial undrained shear tests were also conducted. Odometer tests results suggest that the compression behavior of reconstituted clays is mainly influenced by initial water content for given clay. Triaxial undrained shear tests results show that the strength envelope is also influenced remarkably by initial water content for the reconstituted clays. Undrained shear strength can be well normalized by the normalized water content.


A questionnaire survey and clinical assessment of oral hygiene in 67 medical students were carried out. It was revealed that future doctors had a serious inaccuracy in personal oral hygiene: insufficient level of theoretical knowledge and low level of manual skills in the cleaning of the teeth. Hygienic training using coaching techniques aimed at motivational component significantly improved the quality of personal hygiene among medical students.


Since the 21st century,undergraduate tutorial system gradually implemented in China,but the effect is not ideal.The main reason lies in inadequate teacher resources as well as imperfect matching system.In order to solve these problems,we have carried out the exploration of the operating mechanism of tutorial system for undergraduate research in which some suggestions have been given such as selecting teachers and students,clearing duties and rights of tutor,strengthening the process management and evaluation,and formulating incentive policies,etc.


The invention relates to the selection of at least one measuring field of a measuring chamber formed with a plurality of measuring fields for dose monitoring in an X-ray of an object. In this case, a subset of measuring fields of the plurality of measuring fields of the measuring chamber is predetermined by selecting an orientation of the object. Measurement fields not belonging to the subset of the measurement fields are blocked for selection. And a selection of measuring fields of the subset of measuring fields determines at least one measuring field for the dose monitoring during the X-ray recording of the object. The invention ensures a higher operating safety in the selection of measuring chambers.


The success of ATRA and ATO in APL treatment furuishes the first model of molecular target-based induction of differentiation and apoptosis.Two drugs all target PML-RARα oncoprotein through different moieties and induce APL cells differentiation and apoptosis.In acute myeloid leukemia M2b,we reveal that gain-of-function of C-kit coexists with persistent AML1-ETO,suggesting that abnormal C-kit may serve as a therapeutic target in AML L-M2b Oridonin becomes a potential candidate target drug which specifically degrades AML1-ETO protein. Experiment in vitro proves the combinatorial effectiveness of imatinib and cytarabin in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML).Imatinib is an inhibitor of abnormal protein tyrosine kinases activity. While arsenic agent triggers the degradation of bcr-abl, and combination of the two drugs in treating CML leads to a better outcome.

Key words:
Leukemia; Target therapy; Tretinoin; Arsenicals; Rubescensine


While dealing with user-created video, the prior methods suffer from the problem of high redundancy among keyframes. To address the critical issue, we present a Visual and Semantic Feature coordinated Bi-LSTM (VSFB) model for unsupervised video summarization. First, a novel Salient-Area-Size-based spatial attention model is presented to extract frame-wise visual features on the observation that humans tend to focus on sizable and moving objects. Second, the visual features are integrated with semantic features processed by Bi-LSTM to refine the frame-wise probability of being selected as keyframes. Finally, an index adjusted diversity and representativeness reward is utilized to reinforce the learning operation of the VSFB model in the video summarization. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of the F-score.


Simple Summary Currently, Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) is reserved for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who are not suitable candidates for conventional radiation therapy and should not be considered as a first line of treatment option and as a boost. It should be performed in the context of clinical trial. This review aims to explore SBRT's role in different HNC scenarios. It has the potential to greatly impact the clinical practice by providing valuable insights into the appropriate indications for SBRT in HNC treatment; as well as the practical and technical considerations involved in administering SBRT for HNC; SBRT dosage for various HNC scenarios; and treatment results. However, further research is needed to fully investigate these applications. Abstract Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a precise and conformal radiation therapy (RT) that aims to deliver a high dose of radiation to the tumor whilst sparing surrounding normal tissue, making it an attractive option for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients who are not suitable for the traditional long course of RT with comprehensive RT target volume. Definitive SBRT for HNC has been investigated in different settings, including early stage glottis cancer, and as an alternative to brachytherapy boost after external beam RT. It is also used as a primary treatment option for elderly or medically unfit patients. More recently, an SBRT combination with immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting for HNC showed promising results. Salvage or adjuvant SBRT for HNC can be used in appropriately selected cases. Future studies are warranted to determine the optimum dose and fractionation schedules in any of these indications.


Academic paper is the script of research or law study and other research on aspecific problem that can be justified scientifically about setting the issue in a Bill, theDraft Regulation, Province Regulation Draft, or regencies / cities regulation draft as asolution to the problem and legal needs of the community. But in case so many of thoselocal regulations were formed without using an academic paper as the basis of itsformation. Therefore, this article will explain the importance of an academic paper as thebasis of assessment in the establishment of a regional regulation. In addition, this paperalso assess how the role of the community to participate in the preparation of a RegionalRegulation.


turn prepared the way for SALT negotiations. At the same time, the USSR was alarmed over the rapid advancement of the American ABM as well as MIRV. In 1970, as the U.S. deployed MIRV and Soviet planners were deciding on five-year weapons programs (including MIRV), neither side seemed seriously interested in pursuing a MIRV ban. The irony today is that the prospective vulnerability of American landbased missiles to Soviet MIRVs has stimulated interest again in the ABM: what some called the major failure of SALT I (no MIRV ban) is now undermining what was hailed as the primary success of SALT I, the ABM ban.


Objective To investigate the clinical applications of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography and drainage. Methods From 2008~2010,35 cases of malignant biliary obstruction underwent ultrasound-guided drainage. Results Once a successful puncture 18 cases(51.4%)successful second puncture 13 cases(37.1%),3 cases in ultrasound and X-ray line and external drainage,(8.6%)1 case did not puncture,(2.9%). Conclusion Under the supersonic guidance,the percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage has high achievement rate,which is the simple and safe method.To improve the malignant biliary obstruction the patient's quality of life has a high value.


In this search we measurement Radon gas concentration in the soil of  holy positions in Annajaf Alashraf city. We choice it for honorable position in all the world and, because millions of peoples and religious sciences students visit it. we selected 23 positions .by using a short-term way in modern technology its (RAD7) to measured concentration for depths (10,30,50,70)cm in all the holy positions. All the concentration in position studies  within the range allowed of the global.


PURPOSE
Leptin, an important hormone controlling energy homeostasis, has been linked to the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Evidence indicates that head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy show decreased leptin levels after radiotherapy treatment. Thus, we investigated, through phenotypic and molecular analyses, whether leptin can compromise the therapeutic effect of ionizing radiation and neoplastic behavior of OSCC cells.

METHODS
The human OSCC-derived cell lines SCC9 and SCC4 were treated with human recombinant leptin and exposed to 6 Gy of irradiation. We performed the in vitro assays of cell migration, death, proliferation, and colony-forming ability. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and proteome analysis by mass spectrometry were also conducted.

RESULTS
Leptin was able to increase cell proliferation, migration, and colony-forming ability, despite the suppressive effect induced by irradiation. Furthermore, the leptin promoted a significant reduction of ROS intracellular accumulation, and increased expression of the cancer-related proteins, as ACTC1, KRT6A, and EEF2 in irradiated OSCC cells.

CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that leptin impairs responsivity of OSCC cells to the ionizing radiation, reducing the suppressive effects of irradiation on the neoplastic phenotype, and increasing protein expression critical to carcinogenesis.


In this paper we construct several new families of quantum codes with good and asymptotically good parameters. These new quantum codes are derived from (classical) algebraic geometry (AG) codes by applying the Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) construction. Many of these codes have large minimum distances when compared with its code length and they have relatively small Singleton defect. For example, we construct a family [[46; 2(t_2 - t1); d]]_25 of quantum codes, where t_1, t_2 are positive integers such that 1 = min {46 - 2t_2, 2t_1-2}, of length n = 46, with minimum distance in the range 2 = = 2, we show how to obtain sequences of asymptotically good quantum codes.


Integral thoughtway requires us to treat the studied object as a whole all the time,to take a comprehensive view of the question, to consider the question from the overall situation and grasp integrally and completely the relation of condition and conclusion. Integral thoughtway is not only the way of solving mathematics problem,but also the way of understanding objective things. Grasping integral thoughtway will help the students to train their own intuitive capability of thought ,dialectical materialist point of view,quality of thought and capability of appreciating beauty and recognizing things. The teacher should infiltrate integral thoughtway to the student during the course of teaching fundamental knowledge and extract , refine and deepen it during the course of solving problems.


The interaction between radiation and thermophoresis in forced convection laminar boundary-layer flow over an impermeable flat plate is investigated. The fluid is a radiatively nonparticipating constant-property gas containing emitting, absorbing, and isotropically scattering gray aerosol particles. The radiative properties of the gas-aerosol mixture are considered to be proportional to the local concentration of the particles in the mixture. The surface of the plate, maintained isothermal at a temperature lower than the freestream temperature, is assumed to be opaque, gray, and diffusely emitting and diffusely reflecting. Formal relations developed to the radiation part of the problem based on the Galerkin method are used together with the discretized forms of the energy and particle conservation equations to solve the problem numerically through an iterative scheme. The results show that radiation increases both the temperature gradients in the vicinity of the surface and the total heat flux to the surface, but decreases both the concentration of particles at the surface and the particle flux to the surface. It is also shown that with strong radiation the thermal boundary-layer thickness can increase up to one order of magnitude larger than the velocity boundary-layer thickness with an insignificant increase in the concentration boundary-layer thickness. 23more » refs.« less


In this paper, an automatic antenna impedance matching technique is presented for a wide range of frequency bands where a low-complexity shallow learning model adaptively determines the component values of the matching circuit on a real-time. In general, matching networks require both the real and imaginary parts of the antenna impedance to determine the tuning parameters which involves expensive measurement equipment. The shallow learning model developed in this work needs only the magnitude of the antenna reflection coefficients (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) to construct the impedance matching circuit. First, the tuning parameters were theoretically calculated and used for computer simulations to generate the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$S_{11}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> data. In total 500 samples were generated, of which, 400 were used for training and 100 for validation. The proposed technique was applied to a novel inverted-F antenna resonating at 2.45 GHz for impedance matching. The achieved results show stable performances over a wide range of frequencies from 2 to 3 GHz. For validation, the performances of the impedance matching circuit were simulated using predicted and calculated tuning parameters. Results confirm comparable performances in terms of the antenna's resonance frequency, reflection coefficients, and operational 10-dB bandwidth. The fast prediction ability of the proposed low complexity shallow learning model makes it suitable for real-time applications. Moreover, repeated <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula>-fold cross validation confirms a stable 0.99985 accuracy of the proposed model when repeated 15 times.


As a kind of electroactive soft polymer which contains molecular chains cross-linking to each other to form a 3D network, the dielectric elastomers have extraordinary attractive advantages such as large deformation, high responsive speed, high efficiency, and high elastic energy density. This paper investigated the stability and dynamic characteristics of dielectric elastomer plane actuators. By using the Mooney-Rivlin elastic strain energy model within two material parameters, the free energy function of the dielectric elastomer thermodynamic system was obtained. Nominal stress and nominal electric field of the system were achieved, and the electromechanical stability of silicone and VHB acrylic dielectric elastomer were analyzed. What's more, based on the Lagrangian dynamic equation, the control equation of the dielectric elastomer thermodynamic system was put forward, and the influence of the electric field on the dynamic system was also analyzed. The developed model would be helpful in the future research of dielectric elastomer based high performance actuators.


Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L., 2n = 30) is a member of the Linaceae DC. (Dumort) family comprising 22 genera and about 300 species distributed worldwide with a wide center of origin in the Middle East, although secondary diversity centers were identified in the Mediterranean basin, Ethiopia, Central Asia, and India (Zohary and Hopf, 2000). It is an important agro industrial oilseed species cultivated for fibre and for its oil rich seeds. Globally linseed is an important crop and its production is 21.23 lac tones from 21.12 lac ha with an average yield of 1006 kg/ha, while our national production is 1.54 lac tones from an area of 3.42 lac ha with productivity of 449 kg/ha. India ranks second in area after Canada in the world, but is at fourth position in terms of production after Canada, China and USA. It contains 33-45% oil and 24% crude protein. Linseed oil possesses a very healthy fatty acid profile, particularly, Omega-3 (Alpha Linolenic Acid), richest source only in linseed (58%). ALA provides beneficial effects in numerous clinical conditions such as, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory disorders, immune functions and cancer etc. Almost every part of the linseed plant is utilized commercially either directly or after processing. The linseed oil is industrial oil primarily goes to industries for manufacture of paints, varnish, linoleum, oil cloth, patent leather, printer ink, pad ink, enamels, stickers, tarpaulins, soaps etc. The fiber extracted from straw is used to produce strong yarns such as sewing threads, linen fabrics and linen threads. The coarser grades are used for making twines, canvas bags, Linum usitatissimum L. quality papers (Savita, 2006). Developments of superior varieties with genetic control for biotic and abiotic stresses are prime objective of any crop breeding programme. Germplasm characterization of targeted traits and assessment of genetic variability is important preliminary work in linseed cultivar improvement. Despite its nutritional and commercial significance linseed varieties developed through conventional breeding methods viz: introduction, selection, and hybridization. Earlier morphological and isozyme markers were popular for assessment of genetic diversity in flax. Oh et al. (2000) first reported the use of DNA-based markers (RAPD and RFLP techniques) to generate a preliminary genomic map and study of genetic diversity. The low genetic variability has been reported by Fu et al. (2002) using RAPD markers in 61 flax varieties including Canadian cultivars and land races. In other study Fu et al. (2003) used RAPD markers to analyze the genetic variation and genetic erosion in 54 North American flax cultivars. The ISSR technique for flax fingerprinting was optimized by Wiesner and Wiesnerova (2003) using reamplification method. Similarly, Rajwade et al. (2010) was to analyze the genetic relationships, using PCR-based ISSR markers, among 70 Indian flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) genotypes. ISSR marker genotyping is popular approach for genotyping of nonsequenced genomes and widely used for phylogenetic studies as well as in crop varietal fingerprinting (Zietkiewicz et al., 1994). Linseed production is low due to many limiting factors such as low productive genotypes with susceptibility to biotic and abiotic stress (drought, heat, salt). So, there is need for development of new genetic material for generation of new recombinants with desirable traits. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to analyze genetic ABSTRACT Molecular characterization of 72 linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) germplasm accessions was carried out using 30 ISSR markers. Out of 350 amplified alleles 344 alleles showed polymorphism among evaluated germplasm accessions. Private bands and % heterozygosity were high in breeding material generated at PAU, Ludhiana and exotic germplasm collected from different breeding centres worldwide. There was 78.15±7.85 avarage % ISSR polymorphism resided among these 72 accessions, highest 89.68 % among breeding and exotic accessions, 76.79 % and 56.45 % Indian and flax varieties respectively. Also these two groups had high mean heterozygosity in comparison to Indian and flax varieties. Clustering based on Neighbor-Joining (NJ) cluster analysis wherein the genotypes were clustered into eight major clusters lacking clear grouping among clusters. Pair wise population Nei genetic distance and identity was highest between Indian and flax varieties (0.094) and lowest between breeding and exotic lines (0.017). Accessions constitutes breeding material and exotic collection were more diverse than Indian and flax varieties. These findings are useful for selection for identification of suitable diverse parental genotype for hybridization in linseed cultivars development programme.


Despite continued scientific research efforts and technological advancement to find an effective cure, Cancer remains an enigma. This article aims...


a series of blends of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with different molecular weights with: (i) capric, (ii) lauric, (iii) myristic, (iv) palmitic or (v) steraric acid, as a thermal energy storage material, has been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Transition temperatures and latent heat of transition of PEG, fatty acids and their binary blends were determined since these properties are of primary importance in the design of phase change energy storage materials. The experimental results showed that iy is possible to obtain homogeneous (as indicated by DSC data) polymer/fatty acid blends by mixing in the melt and subsequent solidification. The melting ranges of PEG/fatty acid systems were observed to be from 30 to 72°C while their heat of transition lies in the range of 168-208 J.g -1 . Synergistic action of the components was found for PEG 10 000/steric acid blend - heat of transition was ca. 15 and 35% higher than for pure stearic acid and PEG, respectively. This phenomena may be explained in terms of strengthened specific interactions via hydrogen bonding leading to formation of more perfect crystalline lattice.


An adaptive playout algorithm for MPEG1/MPEG2 video streaming is proposed. It scales the duration that each video frame is shownaccording to the occupied playout buffer level. On the types of arriving video frames basis the algorithm determines to temporary memory or discardthe frames as the playout buffer is overflow. So the receiver could not lose intra-coded frames and predictive-coded frames. Experimental resultsshow that the proposed algorithm has advantages over Yuang algorithm in discontinuity and distortion of playout and could make video streamingsmoothly play out.


The title compound, poly[[mu-trihydro(isopropoxy)borato]sodium(I)], [Na(C(3)H(10)BO)](n), forms unique polymeric layers normal to the c axis via Na(+)...O [2.3405 (15) A] and Na(+)...H(borane) [2.22 (3) and 2.28 (3) A] interactions. This arrangement builds on distorted tetrahedral Na(+), oxygen and boron environments, with one of the borane hydride units uncoordinated, and highlights potential H(3)B-O-based chemistry.


This qualitative research investigated the experiences and perceptions of unit managers regarding their involvement with oral health management of adults with intellectual disability. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with eight participants working in four different area offices of a metropolitan disability service, whose experience as unit managers ranged from 1 to 17 years. Key themes identified in the interview data focused on unit managers' views of the oral health of this group, the support roles involved in the oral health of adults with intellectual disability, the priority of oral health, the experiences of the participants within the oral health system, and the strategies for supporting adults with intellectual disability in oral health management. Implications of the findings included the need to improve education for all persons involved in the oral health of adults with intellectual disability, to encourage a collaborative approach to oral health by workers within accommodation support services and the oral health system, and to enable adults with intellectual disability to maximally participate in their own oral health management.


The UK National River Flow Archive (NRFA) stores several types of hydrological data and
metadata: daily river flow and catchment rainfall time series, gauging station and catchment information.
Data are served through the NRFA web services via experimental RESTful APIs. Obtaining NRFA
data can be unwieldy due to complexities in handling HTTP GET requests and parsing responses in
JSON and XML formats. The rnrfa package provides a set of functions to programmatically access,
filter, and visualize NRFA data using simple R syntax. This paper describes the structure of the rnrfa
package, including examples using the main functions gdf() and cmr() for flow and rainfall data,
respectively. Visualization examples are also provided with a shiny web application and functions
provided in the package. Although this package is regional specific, the general framework and
structure could be applied to similar databases.


Phase equilibrium in the central part of the system Cu-Fe-S has been studied by thermal gradient transporting method with 5 m NH4C1 aqueous solution in gold tube at 400°C and 500°C under pressure of 1,000 kg/cm2 and 2,000 kg/cm2. As shown in the phase diagrams (Figs. 3 and 4) obtained by the synthetic experiments, there are four solid solutions of bornite, intermediate solid solution, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite. But, the last latter has very limited range only close to stoichiometric composition CuFeS2. The area of intermediate solid solution is changed by temperature or pressure as moving its area to copper rich direction in the case of increasing temperature or pressure as shown in Figs. 5 and 7. Also, the composition of intermediate solid solution assembled with chalcopyrite and pyrite, or pyrrhotite and pyrite are moved to iron rich side by decreasing of temperature or pressure. From this fact, it is found that the exsolution of bornite and chalcopyrite from intermediate solid solution occurs due to decreasing of pressure besides temperature. The tie line between nukundamite and chalcopyrite (Figs. 3 and 4) is stable at 400°C and 500°C under hydrothermal condition as same as that at 300°C and 350°C by Sugaki et al. (1975). Accordingly, the assemblage of bornite and pyrite which is common in natural copper ore is not found during the experiments of this time though it occurs in the experiments of the evacuated silica tube method by Yund and Kullerud (1966). There is a possibility that its assemblage may be formed at temperatures below 300°C under hydrothermal condition. Meanwhile the tie line change from intermediate solid solutionpyrite (high temperature) to chalcopyrite-pyrrhotite (low temperature) was examined under 1,000 kg/cm2 and 2,000 kg/cm2 and its temperature was confirmed to be 325°C in good accordance with 328°±5°C by Yund and Kullerud. Its temperature is independent of pressure below 2,000 kg/cm2 as shown in Fig. 10.


This paper takes CC2530 chip as the core, presents the design and implementation process of wisdom baby monitor system based on ZigBee and GoAhead technology, the wireless sensor and control nodes takes CC2530F256 as core in this system, collected and controlled the baby environment data (temperature and humidity, light etc), to do some intelligent processing. At the same time takes GoAhead as the embedded Web technology, The system realized the remote controlling for the equipment in the baby room with relatively low cost, it can constantly adjust relevant parameters for a baby living environment, this also will be the future direction of the development of the Internet of things.


We present the detailed imaging of structures and processes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) using non-linear microscopy (TPEF-SHG-THG). Consummative and specific information about the anatomy of the nematode was collected by implementing a combination of THG, SHG and TPEF image contrast modalities on the same microscope. Additionally, 3-D reconstruction of TPEF and THG images was performed in order to achieve the three dimensional delineation of the outline, and specific cell types (neurons) of the worm. Moreover, THG imaging has been proved to be a very useful, non-destructive diagnostic tool for monitoring cellular processes in vivo (neuronal degeneration).


Prebreakdown electron emission from polished stainless steel and from this surface covered with a 0.2–0.4 μm coating of CaF2 is measured at applied fields from 0.2 to 1.0 MV/cm. The CaF2 coating suppresses field emisssion by up to six orders of magnitude. In addition, the CaF2 coating increases the standoff voltage by ∼50%.


The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1990 (PL 101-476) and implementing regulations are responsible for shifting students with disabilities from one educational setting to another. Earlier efforts had been aimed at serving students with disabilities in special programs as a part of the public schools but not necessarily with general education students. This was followed by a movement to establish all programs for special students on the general education campus. Educators also identified and classified more students with mild disabilities and moved them from regular classes into special education resource classrooms. Approximately 15 years elapsed before Americans came to understand that what is really needed for many students with disabilities is to place them back into a more normalized regular classroom setting and educate them with their nondisabled peers. This movement is not that unusual. The simple recognition of a need to help students with disabilities in school has always been an underlying theme of special education, and no one could argue with that idea. It seems, however, that we have been quite guilty of trying to educate those with disabilities by moving them away from the regular curriculum via a separate special education track. In doing so, we have succeeded in isolating the students physically and socially and have severely limited their opportunity for exposure to the established regular education curriculum. This is especially true for students with mild learning disabilities, behavior/emotional disorders, and intellectual disabilities.


Electron fractography was employed in the quantitative analyses of the fracture surfaces resulting from failures that occurred during fatigue tests on the wing structure and lift struts of a single engined light aircraft. Information concerning the rates of propagation and the sequence of failure was derived for the main spar of the wing , which had been subjected ta a relatively severe laad spectrum commensurate with agricultural operations. A detailed description of the analytical techniques, and the results concerning the fatigue crack propagation history of the main spar structure, are presented


Little is known about the stoichiometry of nutrient cycling by detritivores. Therefore, we explored stoichiometric relationships in an omnivorous/detritivorous fish (gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum) in three lakes that differed in productivity. Gizzard shad can feed on plankton and sediment detritus, but in all three lakes adult gizzard shad derived >98% of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P), and >90% of nitrogen (N) from sediment detritus, and the remainder from zooplankton.

Gizzard shad selectively consumed detritus with higher C, N and P concentrations than ambient lake sediments. Selective detritivory (i.e. the nutrient content of consumed detritus divided by the nutrient content of ambient detritus) was most pronounced in the lake with the lowest detrital nutrient concentrations. N and P cycling rates per fish were also consistently higher in this lake, in agreement with the prediction of stoichiometry theory that excretion rates should increase with food nutrient content. Among-lake differences in nutrient cycling rates were unrelated to inter-lake variation in fish body nutrient contents, which was minimal. The N:P ratio excreted was near Redfield (∼14:1) in all three lakes.

Stoichiometric analyses showed that the C:N and C:P ratios of sediment detritus were much higher (∼2.8×) than ratios of gizzard shad bodies, revealing substantial N and P imbalances between consumers and their food source. Gizzard shad alleviate N imbalance by selectively feeding on high N detritus (low C:N, high N:P), and apparently alleviate P imbalance by excreting nutrients at a higher N:P than that of their food or their bodies. Thus, this detritivore apparently regulates nutrient acquisition and allocation via both pre-absorption processes (selective feeding) and post-absorptive processes (differential N and P excretion).


Reducing differential mode (dm) noise of switching converters in an effective way is an open issue. Here, a thorough investigation of the filtering technique with integrated magnetics combined with a sensitivity analysis for mismatches in the coupling factor is done together with an analysis of the optimized distribution of capacitance between the two capacitors involved. The whole analysis is done in the frequency domain. Therefore, a proper model is given.


The success or failure of active vibration control is determined by the availability of suitable actuators, modeling of the entire system including all active elements, positioning of the actuators and sensors, and implementation of problem-adapted control concepts. All of these topics are outlined and their special problems are discussed in detail. Special attention is given to efficient modeling of systems, especially for considering the active elements. Finally, design methods for and the application of active vibration control on rotating machinery are demonstrated by several real applications.


【Objective】This paper investigated the effects of glycine betaine (GB) treatment on chilling injury and relative physiological indicators in cucumber during cold storage. The mechanisms were discussed so as to provide a theoretical basis for increasing chilling-resistance of GB in harvested fruits or vegetables.【Method】'Zhongnong 8' cucumbers were immersed in the GB solutions of 0, 5 mmol·L-1, 10 mmol·L-1 and 15 mmol·L-1 and stored at (4±1) ℃. The rates of index of chilling injury were observed and the relative physiological parameters, including production rate of superoxide anion radical (·O2-), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), cell membrane permeability, contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline, were measured. 【Result】The activities of SOD were increased and free proline contents were accumulated in the fruits by GB treatments. The MDA production and accumulation as well as the increase of cell membrane permeability in flesh were restrained by the treatments.【Conclusion】This study indicated that GB alleviated chilling injury in cucumber during cold storage and promoted its chill-resistance of tissue. GB at 10 mmol·L-1 is preferable for cucumbers.


Sudden death syndrome, caused by strains of Fusarium solani, has been recognized as an important disease of soybean (Glycine max) in the southern United States for more than 20 years, but has only recently become more prevalent and severe in northern soybean production areas. Little is known about environmental factors that influence root infection and above-ground symptom expression in this pathosystem. We established quantitative relationships between soil temperature, the matric component of soil water potential (ψ m ), and disease development in controlled conditions. Soil temperature in the range of 15 to 30°C was manipulated in pots equipped with heating tapes, and soil moisture was manipulated by withholding irrigation water until ψ m reached threshold values of -0.003, -0.02, -0.05, -0.1, -0.2, -0.4, or -0.8 MPa; when ψ m for a given moisture treatment had reached its threshold, the pots belonging to this treatment were watered until the soil was saturated. The most important results were that i) soil temperature differentially influenced the development of root symptoms and foliar symptoms, with the former being most severe at low temperatures (15°C) and the latter being most severe at intermediate temperatures (22 to 24°C); ii) the severity of foliar symptoms decreased rapidly with decreasing soil moisture and was negatively correlated with the number of days the average ψ m was lower than -0.01 MPa; and iii) there was no close correlation between root disease severity and foliar disease severity. The relationships between ψ m and disease derived in controlled conditions were confirmed in a field irrigation trial. The information provided here, when used together with long-term temperature data and regional soil moisture maps, should be valuable in assessing the risk that sudden death syndrome will continue to expand into previously unaffected production areas.


The technology of the closed circulation and zero discharge in paper mills with waste paper as raw material is a mature one. The key for closed circulation lies in the anaerobic-aerobic combined treatment system. Common problems in highly-closed paper mills such as slime pulp, odor, encrusting, corrosion, increase in additive consumption, cylinder-sticking and net-pasting will be solved with treating a small amount of waste water The investment and operation cost for waste water treatment with this method is lower than that of traditional methods. Related theories and practice are introduced with the example of zero discharge in Kappa Z u lpich Paper Mill.


In summary, on the basis of calculated estimates, tests and accident statistics, the transport of spent nuclear fuel by whatever means has been shown to represent an infinitesimally small risk to the public, wherever they may be located enroute. This conclusion is based on three points (1) the probability of an accident involving spent fuel is small, (2) the probability that this hypothetical accident releases radioactive materials is even smaller and (3) the public-health consequences of such a release are trivial. It hardly seems to warrant the extensive assessment that it has received. If the risk to the public is of concern, this attention and analysis might have been more profitably spent on the improvement of the safety of the transport of a wide variety of other hazardous substances, which at present are given little if any prior scrutiny.


Introduction: Hyperpolarized (HP) noble gas MRI and MRS in the lungs on spontaneous breathing mice is expected as a valuable modality for drug discovery or development of the methods for evaluating physiological changes. Since the measurements under the spontaneous breathing condition are fully non-invasive protocol without using mechanical ventilation, this technique allows a long-term and the repeated measurements on the same individual. To evaluate pulmonary structures and functions comprehensively in diseased lungs is extremely important and that would be needed to measure at a nature respiratory state. In this work, we tried to detect changes of several important lung properties in a mouse model of emphysema by using HP Xe MRI and MRS under the spontaneous breathing condition. Here the septal thickness and the volume ratio of the septum to the air space as pulmonary structures and ventilation, gas-exchange, and perfusion as pulmonary functions were evaluated in the same individual.


The present invention discloses a method for the R-T-B based magnet for diffusing Dy, the magnet and diffuse sources, including arranged in the processing chamber R-T-B based sintered magnet of the preparation work, in the same processing chamber Dy diffusion source preparation engineering and evaporated to a source diffusion of Dy Dy diffusion method works sintered magnet, wherein: said diffusion source is arranged Dy Dy Dy particles or alloy particles of high melting point metal, an alloy Dy or the Dy particles the particle size at 0.5 ~ 2mm. In the present invention, the particle size is filled by a refractory metal mesh plate or the substitute Dy Dy alloy sheet is used in 0.5 ~ 2mm Dy Dy particles or alloy particles, the amount of Dy to save material.


The article analyzes and considers the main trends in the development of the digital services market for 2018–2021 and illustrative graphs are shown. The purpose of this article is to disclose the current problem of antimonopoly regulation and the development of competition in digital markets and to study the dynamics of the development of the global state of the digital sphere. When analyzing the current state of the digital services market and the development of antimonopoly regulation both in Kazakhstan and in foreign countries, analytical and economic and statistical methods were used, as well as methods of collecting information and abstraction for effective search, grouping, processing and generalization of data. Now the digital services market is developing dynamically and there is an active growth of Internet users around the world. There is also a constant increase in online shopping and the COVID–19 coronavirus pandemic further contributes to this growth. To protect the rights and interests of consumers, digital market players, "beginners", and to ensure equal and fair competition conditions, it became necessary to revise the regulatory mechanisms used by the competition authorities in many countries. There is an active establishment of tighter regulation of digital platforms by focusing on their specific business models and regulating their access to data so that new entrants can compete on an equal footing with today's large conglomerates. Important changes are being made to the rules on abuse of dominance in digital markets related to the behavior of "middlemen" That is, the task of the antimonopoly authorities is to create the necessary conditions for the development and stimulation of competition in this industry.


..................................................... XIV CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION AND METHODS INTRODUCTION MATERIALS AND METHODS CHAPTER 2 THE SWIFT FOX 14 BACKGROUND 15 MATERIALS AND METHODS 16 RESULTS .................................................................................................... 17 DISCUSSION .........................................................................................21 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................24 CHAPTER 3 CARNIVORES IN THE OKLAHOMA PANHANDLE .................................................................................................... 30 BACKGROUND 31 MATERIALS AND METHODS 33 RESULTS .................................................................................................... 36 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................... 41 SUMMARY .................................................................................................... 52


(Taken from the contents of the original volume): Population and Vital Statistics Manpower Social Conditions Agriculture and Food Fuel and Power Raw Materials Production External Trade Transport Public Finance National Income Wages and Prices.


: Integrating public transportation has become a prevalent aspect of urban expansion in developed and developing countries. There are numerous benefits associated with implementing public transportation systems within urban areas, which may serve as a viable solution to address various traffic-related issues. Nevertheless, certain nations that have adopted public transportation encounter accessibility issues affecting the efficiency of such services. The authors have conducted a case study on the public transportation system of Jakarta, explicitly focusing on the Bus Rapid Transit (BRT)/Transjakarta. The mode above of transportation is widely recognised as a prominent public transit system in Jakarta, frequently utilised by a significant portion of the populace to address. The authors applied spatial analysis techniques to evaluate the accessibility of public transportation in Jakarta. The assessment was conducted using the city concept of 5, 10, and 15 min and relied on open spatial data provided by the Jakarta Government. The results demonstrate that the accessibility evaluates the nearby BRT stations' roads and walkways on a standard scale. It revealed that just 41% of Jakarta's network could be used to access public transit (BRT), while over 58% of BRT stations are inaccessible or have a poor network connection. Furthermore, according to the analysis of accessibility overlaid by district (area/Ha), 33,37 Ha (51%) of Jakarta's total area is described as being inaccessible for BRT services, compared to 24% for the accessible region. At last, the authors conduct a K-means clustering analysis on the districts to identify clusters of accessible and inaccessible districts.


The hypothesis that a relatively brief exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 could increase the frost resistance of shoots was tested on containerized black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana (Mill.) B....


Mf. of W. bancrofti and mf. of L. loa may, however, be confused for the reasons given. With practice, many points of difference can be recognised, but it is suggested that the appearances of the nuclei throughout the tail (and not just features peculiar to the tip), being quite unlike in the two species, and easily seen in stained films, afford a reliable means of distinction. Photographs illustrate these points, as it seems that photographs or accurate drawings to show practical points of distinction between microfilarire are rare in textbooks or in the literature general1y.


The equimolar reaction of 1,2-dichloroethane with sodium N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate was studied in various solvents. As major products, ethylene bis(N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate) and 2-dimethylamino-l,3-dithiolanylium salt (the perchlorate or the tetraphenylborate) were obtained in yields, largely varying with the solvent used. On the basis of the solvent effect on the product ratio, and kinetic experiments it has been verified that neighboring-group participation of the N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate function would be involved through the intermediacy of the isolated anchimeric carbonium ion, and that such participation is more predominant in nonpolar aprotic solvents such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran. The mechanism of the reaction between 2-dimethylamino-l,3-dithiolanylium ion and the dithiocarbamate anion was established.


An 85-year-old gentleman was referred for a home medicines review (HMR). The HMR was requested as he had recently been commenced on a Websterpak dose administration aid to assist his wife (as primary carer) manage his medicines.


The Inverted Siphon Project of the Tang River is a large-scaled river-graff-cross building of South-to-North Water Transfer. In the initial design report, fines used to make concrete is sand from the Tang River. However, after examining, it is found that the sand from the Tang River is based-activity. To assure the quality of the concrete, the construction administration organized related experts several times to analysis, argue, and test. At last, it is changed to use sand from the Sha River to make concrete.


Background and Objectives: We evaluated the intraocular lens power calculation (IOL) formulas in eyes with cataracts and irregular astigmatism who have undergone cataract surgery. Methods: In a retrospective case series, 50 eyes with cataracts and irregular astigmatism who underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation were assessed. The IOL power was determined using the data of the keratometry of IOL master-derived keratometry in five formulas: Haigis, Hoffer Q, Holladay 1, SRK2 and SRKT. One month after surgery, refractive error and visual acuity were assessed. Results: The Mean±SD age of participants was 66.10±6.57 years (ranged 32-83). The percentage of male and female subjects was 45.8% and 54.2%, respectively. The axial length was 19.00mm to 23.00mm, which is a normal range. The most and least used formulas were SRKT and Haigis, respectively. Astigmatism and spherical refractive errors before and after surgery had significant differences (P<0.001). There was a decrease in astigmatism and hyperopic shift after surgery. Conclusion: SRKT is a suitable formula for this group of patients. According to a decrease in astigmatism and hyperopic shift, an improvement in visual acuity can be expected.


Crit Care Med 2016 • Volume 44 • Number 12 (Suppl.) patients, RRV increased when going from ventilatory support to spontaneous breathing (58 ± 11% vs. 69 ± 5%; p < 0.001, n = 36). RRV during the 30 minutes prior to initiation of SBT was greater in the failure to wean group (63 ± 9%, n = 10) compared to those who weaned successfully (56 ± 11% vs. p = 0.06, n = 26). There were no differences in RRV between the failure and success groups during the SBT (29 ± 5% vs 32 ± 5%). Conclusions: In this small pilot study, we found that RRV increases during an SBT. Moreover, there appears to be an association between RRV during mechanical ventilation and weaning outcome.


Communist Party of China(CPC), inheriting developing Marx's doctrine of developing productivity, further proposes the "Three Represents'" theory through reform and innovation. As the new development of Marxism in Chinese revolution, the"Three Represents'"theory will become the ideas of CPC in administering our country in the new period and will surely lead China to prosperity.


The judicial identify of the crime of evading taxes should pay attention to the differences among crime of evading taxes,evading taxes and evading taxation.Firstly,we should distinguish the crime of evading taxes only by the basis of quantity not by the basis of proportion plus quantity.Secondly,"evading taxes again "should mean that the punishment of evading taxes is relatively serious punishment by administrative department.Thirdly,evading taxation is not a crime if the actor didn't cheat or conceal.


INTRODUCTION: For decades, reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) research focused on solely on the creation of a viable embryo to increase pregnancy rates. Recently, research has identified the impact of endometrial adhesion molecule expression during the window of implantation (WOI) as playing a major role in embryo implantation. METHODS: This is a retrospective case-control study of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology and the effects of the IgenomixEndometrial Receptivity Assay (ERA) on pregnancy success rates following frozen embryo transfer. RESULTS: ERA results showed 29 of 60 patients were normal, 20 of 60 patients were Early Receptive (WOI existing 12 hours later than expected), and 11 of 60 patients were Pre-Receptive (WOI existing 24 hours later than expected). Ninety-one percent of patients with a corrected abnormal ERA had successful pregnancies, whereas only 72% achieved successful pregnancy without using ERA to assess for their WOI (P≤.01; odds ratio, 3.82). CONCLUSION: Endometrial Receptivity Assay testing has a significant impact on successful pregnancy rates among patients undergoing ART. Women should be encouraged to undergo ERA testing to ensure accurate timing of their WOI for embryo transfer. Although numerous medication changes can be made by the physician to improve implantation success rates, if the WOI timing is not accounted for, those changes are for naught because the endometrium is not prepared to receive the embryo and subsequent embryo implantation into the endometrium will not occur. The use of ERA could save the patient tens of thousands of dollars and shave years off their time to achieving successful pregnancies.


Air gaps layer between clothing and wearer's body plays an important role in heat transfer in protective ensembles. The distribution and size of these air gaps are used to determine thermal performance of the protective clothing, which are dependent not only on garment style and fit but also on all kind of shapes of body motions. In this paper a three dimensional (3D) body scanning technique was used to scan the surface of the nude and the dressed that can measure accurately the distribution and size of air gaps between the human body and clothing. In leg-upright, leg-lifting and leg-withdrawing positions that simulated the human motion of running, the clothing air gaps were scanned and measured respectively. A new method for the measurement of air gaps was used, which can reasonably reflect the size between the fabric and the corresponding test sensor. The results show that clothing air gaps are associated with body motions. The clothing air gaps vary with the different postures. And the degree of knee joint flexion affects the deformation of skin and thus the change of air gaps between skin and clothing. The findings can be used to establish heat transfer model to predict thermal performance of protective clothing in motion.


Damage due to flooding has increase in many countries in the last years, and due to the global climate change, which is now recognized as a real threat, an increase in the occurrence of flooding events and especially of flash flooding events is likely to continue into the future. In those conditions and because building new flood defences structures for defending vulnerable areas has serious financial implications, the timely forecasting of floods is becoming more important for flood defence and in general for water management purposes. The complexity of natural systems and of hydrological processes that influence river levels evolutions make the traditional modelling approaches, based on mirroring natural processes with physically based equations very difficult. Despite the fact that in the last decades the Operational Hydrological Forecasting Systems were significantly developed, becoming more and more complex systems, ingesting and processing in real time a great amount of data from automated hydrometrical and meteorological stations networks and high resolution grided data from radars and satellites, together with the use of distributed hydrological models, the warning and forecasts improvements are not very significant, in many cases the performance of the new physically based distributed models being comparable with the "older" conceptual lumped models. The paper presents an overview of some alternative and complementary modelling approaches, artificial neural networks and fuzzy logic systems, possible applications for the improvements of the Operational Hydrological Forecasting Systems, and presenting also some example of rainfall-runoff modelling implementations.


Trending topics represent the topics that are becoming increasingly popular and attract a sudden spike in human attention. Trending topics are critical and useful in modern search engines, which can not only enhance user engagements but also improve user search experiences. Large volumes of user search queries over time are indicative aggregated user interests and thus provide rich information for detecting trending topics. The topics derived from query logs can be naturally treated as a temporal correlation network, suggesting both local and global trending signals. The local signals represent the trending/non-trending information within each frequency sequence, and the global correlation signals denote the relationships across frequency sequences. We hypothesize that integrating local and global signals can benefit trending topic detection. In an attempt to jointly exploit the complementary information of local and global signals in temporal correlation networks, we propose a novel framework, Local-Global Ranking (LGRank), to both capture local temporal sequence representation with adversarial learning and model global sequence correlations simultaneously for trending topic detection. The experimental results on real-world datasets from a commercial search engine demonstrate the effectiveness of LGRank on detecting trending topics.


Objective To study the ocular manifestations of young Alport syndrome patients.Design Retrospective case series.Participants 19 patients aged from 3 to 16 years old,diagnosed with Alport syndrome in the Department of Pediatrics,Peking University First Hospital.Methods The results of ocular examinations as well as puretone audiometry and renal function examinations were obtained and analyzed retrospectively.Main Outcome Measures Age,course of disease,slit lamp examination,and mydriatic fundus examination.Results 7 patients(36.8%) had ocular abnormalities: 3 with dot-and-fleck retinopathy,2 with lens opacities,1 with aphakia(after lens extraction operation),4 with pigment disorders and sheathing of blood vessel in the peripheral retina.2 patients had renal failure,and 3 patients had sensorineural deafness.Conclusions Ocular abnormalities are relatively uncommon and subtle in young patients with Alport syndrome.Pigment disorder and sheathing of blood vessels in the peripheral retina is considered as an additional ocular manifestation in these patients.


The purpose of the paper is to share the findings on the typical problems facing the buildings in term of the problem leading to building leakage scenario in Malaysia. The paper tabulate list of potential solutions best practiced by the local waterproofing implementer with data on real case studies pertaining to the building leakage typically happened from roof as well as the toilet or cracked building expansion structures. The case studies are derived from the real selected projects done by the associated building maintenance contractor for the last 20 years. By identifying the possible factors that cause the leakages, one can take early steps to prevent the same defects from repeating thus saves on the financial side. The finding indicates the formulation ideas that can be used for creating a framework in preventing or minimizes the building leakage syndrome from happening again. The analysis from this paper may give some meaningful tabulation on how to maintain these standard buildings from leaking especially from the roof seepage thus make the property much more valuable to the owner. Keywords—Building leakage, rectification works, building failures, Malaysia


Highly purified molybdoferredoxin, with a specific activity of 2.6 μmoles of acetylene reduced per min per mg of protein, was obtained from Clostridium pasteurianum. The protein at concentrations above 5 mg/ml exists in solution as a tetrameric complex with two subunits each of about 60,000 and 50,000 daltons. Two atoms of molybdenum are present per protein molecule of 220,000 daltons. The S020, w was found to be 10.5. The tetramer dissociates into a dimer as demonstrated by a decreasing sedimentation coefficient with decreasing protein concentration. At low pH and ionic strength, further dissociation into the monomers is achieved. A method for the isolation of the protein subunits is described.


ion f belonging to such a set, for any ground theorem ', exists in 2 a proof 2 of the abstracted theorem f('); moreover exists (at least) one way to \map back" (at least one of the possible) 2 to 1 which gives rise to an outline of the ground proof. can be subsequently re ned. It is important to observe that in interactive abstract theorem proving there is no need to interact only with human beings. Thus, in order to achieve automatic theorem proving in limited domains, an interactive abstract theorem prover, like ABSFOL, could be interfaced with external control programs based on euristic strategies [Kno91, BGW91]. Moreover, such system can be provided with an internal ML-like metalanguage for writing programs which implements control strategies, called tactics [GT94]. Automated theorem proving can then be implemented by writing complex tactics. 3 The map colouring problem As an example of interactive abstract theorem proving, in this paper we will consider the very well-known problem of colouring the various regions of a planar map using only four di erent colours. In Figure 1 we nd a very simple example taken from [McC90]. According to McCarthy, we can formalize the problem in terms of theorem proving as follows. We need a set of variables (like Albania, Andorra, Austria, : : : or r1,r2, : : : ) each representing a region of the given map, a binary predicate n() \next", representing the frontier constraints (e.g. n(Austria,Italy)), and a set of the four individual constants y; b; g; r (yellow, blue, green, red). Then we de ne an axiom \colours", written as a conjunction of colouring constraints like n(y,b) (\a yellow-coloured state can border a blue-coloured one"). Using ABSFOL, the problem can be initialized as follows: 4 NONAME:: NAMECONTEXT gmap; GMAP:: DECLARE INDCONST y b g r; GMAP:: DECLARE INDVAR r1 r2 r3 r4 r5 r6; GMAP:: DECLARE PREDCONST n 2; GMAP:: AXIOM colours : n(y,b) and n(y,g) and n(y,r) and n(b,y) and n(b,g) and n(b,r) and n(g,y) and n(g,b) and n(g,r) and n(r,y) and n(r,b) and n(r,g); The goal is given by the conjuction of all and only the frontier constraints of the map: exists r1 ... r6. ( n(r1,r2) and n(r1,r3) and ... and n(r5,r6) ) 4In ABSFOL, Teletype font is used to write the input and output of ABSFOL. UPPERCASE TELETYPE is used for key-words. \<string>::" is the ABSFOL prompt: the string before \:: " is the name of the current context, that is the theory we are working in. NAMECONTEXT names the current context. DECLARE adds new symbols to the current context. AXIOM adds an axiom to the current context. Both the input and the output have been slightly edited to make them more readable. 4 Ground Problem Abstract Problem Abstract Solution Ground Ground Solution ii) abstract iv) map back v) refine iii) abstract prove 3 6 1 2 3 6 1 5 4 5 4 blue blue blue yellow yellow


Rupture of the extrahepatic bile ducts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bile peritonitis. The following entities have been incriminated in bile duct perforation: (1) previous biliary tract surgery 3,6,7,14,16 ; (2) abdominal trauma 1,10,12,15 ; (3) vascular insufficiency with necrosis of the duct wall 9 ; (4) choledochal diverticulum 2 ; (5) erosion by tumor 7 ; (6) acute pancreatitis. 10,17 There is a further group of patients in whom the cause of perforation is unknown. This idiopathic group has been reported most frequently in early infancy and beyond middle age. 8,11,13 At the Philadelphia General Hospital we have recently seen two patients with bile peritonitis due to spontaneous perforation of the common bile duct. Report of Cases Case 1. —A 55-year-old Negro was admitted Nov. 7, 1956, from a local prison with abdominal "fullness" of three weeks' duration. He had lost 40 lb. during the preceding six months. There was associated


Abstract Wood-based products can be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly alternative to traditional construction materials because of their reduced contribution to air and water pollutio...


The overall metabolic activity in platelets after vascular grafting procedure with polytetrafluoroethylene arterial grafts was studied in 18 sheep by use of microcalorimetric measurements. It was found that the heat production (P) from platelets was abnormally low in grafted animals, P=51±8 fW/cell com pared with nongrafted controls, P=60±11 fW/cell, p < 0.001 (fW = 10-15 W). When low molecular weight dextran (LMWD) was given, a significantly higher heat production was observed, P =132 ± 6 fW/cell, thus suggesting a direct platelet effect by the dextran. Platelet aggregation response was decreased after grafting without statistically significant differences between grafted control ani mals and LMWD-treated animals. After the grafting procedure, a drop in platelet count was noted, but it was less pronounced in the LMWD-treated group.


A parameter extraction methodology and a verification of a generic analytical model and a thin-film transistor (TFT) compact dc model for the current-voltage characteristics of organic TFTs are presented. The verification shows that the proposed models meet the requirements for compact modeling and for computer circuit simulators. The models are fully symmetrical, and the TFT compact dc model is validated in all regimes of operation-linear and saturation above threshold, subthreshold, and reverse biasing. Suitable characterization techniques for parameter extraction of mobility, threshold voltage, and contact resistance are provided. Approaches are elaborated for the essential practical feature of upgradability and reducibility of the TFT compact dc model, allowing for easier implementation and modification, as well as separation of characterization techniques.


We show that third harmonic generation (THG) microscopy using a 1-MHz train of 1,300-nm femtosecond duration laser pulses enabled visualization of the structure and quantification of flow speed in the cortical microvascular network of mice to a depth of > 1 mm. Simultaneous three-photon imaging of an intravascular fluorescent tracer enabled us to quantify the cell free layer thickness. Using the label-free imaging capability of THG, we measured flow speed in different types of vessels with and without the presence of an intravascular tracer conjugated to a high molecular weight dextran (2 MDa FITC-dextran, 5% w/v in saline, 100 µl). We found a ∼20% decrease in flow speeds in arterioles and venules due to the dextran-conjugated FITC, which we confirmed with Doppler optical coherence tomography. Capillary flow speeds did not change, although we saw a ∼7% decrease in red blood cell flux with dextran-conjugated FITC injection.


The invention discloses a lighting control system based on a DMX512 protocol and a method thereof. The system comprises an upper computer, a DMX signal generator, a DMX signal decoder and lamps, wherein each part is connected in a distribution mode; the upper computer is connected with the DMX signal generator by a network; the DMX signal generator is connected with the DMX signal decoder by an interface; and the DMX signal decoder is communicated with the lamps by a single data bus. The method comprises the following steps: the upper computer controls the DMX signal generator; the signal generator is communicated with the DMX signal decoder; and the signal decoder is connected with the lamps. Baud rate of the communication between the decoder and the lamps can be configured online to synchronize DMX devices with different speeds; the invention is provided with the functions of luminance adjustment for the lamps, temperature detection and open circuit detection and the like; and the invention has an important reference value for the design of the lighting control system.


This paper proposed a non-active disturbance maximum power point tracking technology in photovoltaic grid connected inverter system. The maximum power point is reached by natural fluctuations of the photovoltaic array output power. The bus voltage value corresponding to the maximum power is got in voltage pulsation cycle, and that voltage will work as instruction voltage in the next cycle. Then the PV array voltage can automatically move to the maximum power point. When the operating voltage moves to the maximum power point, the extremun power will be located in the mid-point of the voltage pulse at that time. Therefore, the bus voltage will not be moved by the original control strategy. If the temperature or the intensity of sunlight changes, the shift of the maximum power point voltage will cause the bus voltage instruction automatically to move again. This method tracks the maximum power point quickly without setting any parameters. The validity of the proposed adaptive MPPT method is verified through a 10kW three-phase PV grid connected inverter applied in 8kW PV power plant in the field.


We present an inventory of galaxy bulge types (elliptical galaxy, classical bulge, pseudobulge, and bulgeless galaxy) in a volume-limited sample within the local 11 Mpc sphere using Spitzer 3.6 μm and Hubble Space Telescope data. We find that whether counting by number, star formation rate, or stellar mass, the dominant galaxy type in the local universe has pure disk characteristics (either hosting a pseudobulge or being bulgeless). Galaxies that contain either a pseudobulge or no bulge combine to account for over 80% of the number of galaxies above a stellar mass of 109 M☉. Classical bulges and elliptical galaxies account for ∼1/4, and disks for ∼3/4 of the stellar mass in the local 11 Mpc. About 2/3 of all star formation in the local volume takes place in galaxies with pseudobulges. Looking at the fraction of galaxies with different bulge types as a function of stellar mass, we find that the frequency of classical bulges strongly increases with stellar mass, and comes to dominate above 1010.5 M☉. Galaxies with pseudobulges dominate at 109.5–1010.5 M☉. Yet lower-mass galaxies are most likely to be bulgeless. If pseudobulges are not a product of mergers, then the frequency of pseudobulges in the local universe poses a challenge for galaxy evolution models.


This paper provides an overview of how SARS has influenced the development of information technology in Chinese hospital. SARS has prompted Chinese hospitals to rethink their IT strategies to move into the era of implementing ″Filmless Paperless and Wireless″ hospital solution. There is a tendency to build electronic medical records EMR through a fully integrated system complying with national and international standards. Internet Data Warehouse and Short Message System technology are rapidly gaining acceptance as parts of the hospital IT strategy.


This research gives a complete Lie group classification of the one‐dimensional nonlinear delay Klein–Gordon equation. First, the determining equations are derived and their complete solutions are found. Then the complete group classification and representations of all invariant solutions are obtained. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The photoinduced charge transfer between a conjugated polymer chain and an adjacent dopant molecule is studied by constructing a variational wavefunction for the whole system including the chain and dopant. The dopant is modeled by assuming it has an acceptor level for the electron and interacts with the polymer chain only via a nearest neighbor hopping. The initial exciton state in the polymer is calculated from a recently developed exciton theory for conjugated polymers. The variational wavefunction contains two terms: the first term describes the exciton as confined to the chain while the other describes the electron, with different electron momenta corresponding to different probability of transfer to the dopant. Minimizing the energy of the variational state we obtain an equation from which the energy of the variation state and associated probability of charge transfer can be calculated. It is shown that a crossover occurs when the acceptor level approaches the exciton energy. When the energy of the acceptor level is higher than a critical value, the electron mainly remains on the chain, otherwise the electron will transfer to the dopant molecule with high probability. The hopping strength and the dopant concentration influence charge transfer by controlling the width of the crossover energy regime. Our results also indicate that the symmetry of the exciton wavefunction is important to charge transfer. For the Ag exciton, there exists a threshold for the acceptor level, below this value the electron will transfer to the dopant completely. In contrast, for the Bu exciton there is a long tail below the critical value, implying that the electron can still be found on the polymer chain with some likelihood.


Two studies at the Defense Language Institute (California) investigated the contribution of several variables to prediction of post-language-training proficiency: (1) scores on a general vocational aptitude battery and a language aptitude battery, both used to screen potential students; (2) scores on other cognitive measures not used in the screening process; and (3) scores and ratings on measures of student motivation, anxiety, and use of learning strategies. Two additional studies continued the effort to add certain types of native language competency measures to the Defense Language Aptitude Battery used for student selection. One competency measure considered was listening assessment, particularly as it accounted for two factors affecting the difficulty of listening tasks: the extent to which the examinee had the opportunity to rehearse the initial stimulus or recode it for later use; and the extent to which the examinee had a pre-existing mental set enabling application of an appropriate schema to select and organize the stimulus input as needed to perform the testing task. The second native language competency measure considered was grammar testing, particularly speeded grammar tests in which the task is to identify grammatical errors in sentences. Findings and implications for language aptitude test battery development are discussed. (Contains 113 references.) (MSE) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) IMPROVING THE MEASUREMENT OF LANGUAGE APTITUDE: THE POTENTIAL CONTRIBUTION OF Ll MEASURES John W. Thain Defense Language Institute


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate differences in functional status and burdens of medical conditions in Mexican American and non‐Hispanic white nursing home residents.


Objective To probe into the effect of antisense oligonucleotide on NMDA receptor 2B(ANR2B) in CA1 subfield of normal rat hippocampus as a basic approach to the new drug regulating the expression of NR2B protein.Methods ANR2B and sense oligonucleotide to NMDA receptor 2B(SNR2B) were prepared and injected into the normal rat hippocampal CA1 subfield under well controlled conditions.Serial cryosections of the brain were processed by ABC immunohistochemistry to examine the NR2B expression.Results The immunoreactivity of NR2B expression was obviously decreased in CA1 subfield after ANR2B injection(P0.05), leaving only a few pyramidal and granular cells faintly stained.But the intensity of immunoreactivity was not altered at all in the control cases of normal tissue,normal saline injection,shame injection and SNR2B injection.Conclusion It is likely that the high basal expression of NR2B in the normal rat hippocampal CA1 subfield can be downregulated by using the antisense oligonucleotide technique.


Using tanh function and polynomial function methods, analytical solitary wave solutions have been found for the nonlinear analogues of Boussinesq and sixth-order modified Boussinesq equations where the nonlinearity is in the time-derivative term.


Interests in the influence of innovations in Information Technology (IT) in the areas of organizational structure and management practices have assumed global significance. Due to the globalization of products and services, there is a need and desire to learn about the relationships between managerial behavior and technology implementation throughout different countries of the world. This paper examines the influence of technology on managers' jobs and performance evaluations (PE) in four Asian countries. The study finds that managers in these developing countries recognize the influence of technology in their jobs and performance evaluations in varying degrees based on their receptiveness to technology. High technology oriented managers recognize a greater influence of technology than do the medium and low technology oriented managers. Based on their uses of IT, managers perceive IT implementation influence their performance evaluations in general. They see limited influence of IT on financial performance measures. Keywords: Information technology, post- modernism, process theory, performance evaluation


In this letter, it is argued that the correct counting of microstates is obtained from the very beginning when using Newtonian rather than Laplacian state functions, because the former are intrinsically permutation invariant.


Title of dissertation: CHAOTIC TOPOGRAPHY IN CONTEMPORARY FRENCH AND FRANCOPHONE LITERATURE Mary Cobb Neighbors Wittrock, Doctor of Philosophy, 2010 Dissertation directed by: Professor Caroline Eades Department of French and Italian Chaos theory proposed by Ilya Prigogine and Isabelle Stengers i lluminates new conclusions about narrative structures in contemporary French and Fra ncophone literature. Espousing an order-out-of-chaos paradigm, my tutor text s by Annie Ernaux, Frankétienne, and Jean-Philippe Toussaint demonstrate how the contempor ary notions of identity, gender and genre are innately chaotic but simultaneously off er innovative insights into how these entities are being (re)conceived and (re)pr es nted. Scientific, philosophical, and cultural models of chaos described by Prigogine, Del uze and Glissant respectively, offer a means to understand the world in order to frame a contemporary cultural topography. Liberated limits of the novel, poetry, and diary ge nre, viewed through the concept of chaotic "noise", represent richness of informat i n rather than a dearth in order. With Prigogine's Arrow of Time, identity is found in the future not in the past suggesting a non-linear development that is plagued with unc ertai ty but possibilities. Consequently, identity in contemporary literature is located in others and not in the self challenging traditional notions of this concept. Bi furcation points serve as nodes of "textual instability" revealing themes and trends questi oning the function of language, identity and generic transitions in contemporary literat ur . Through the concept of strange attractors, women, men, language and places within these chaotic tutor texts serve as points of order to which chaotic narratives consistently r eturn advocating the creative force of non-gendered chaos. Accordingly not only can the not ion of identity, love and language be viewed as fractal within their own textual s p ce, but the texts themselves transcend generic boundaries. Finally, the contemporary cultural topography is expanding to include electronic literature as an area of cri tical study. Due to the medium of transmission, i.e., the computer code, electronic literature presents chaotic form and content and challenges traditional notions of 'reading' a te xt. Consequently, the reader interacts with the computer code causing the 'narrative' to bifurcate resulting in multiple, unpredictable reading experiences. Chaos theory thus offer a pertinent tool through which to read and interpret this genre. Electronic litera ture's literariness, viewed through chaos theory, is defined as what changes instead of what remains constant. CHAOTIC TOPOGRAPHY IN CONTEMPORARY FRENCH AND FRANCOPH ONE LITERATURE by Mary Cobb Neighbors Wittrock Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Maryland, College Park in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2010 Advisory Committee: Professor Caroline Eades, Chair Professor Joseph Brami Professor Theodore Einstein Professor Valérie Orlando Professor Brian Richardson © Copyright by Mary Cobb Neighbors Wittrock 2010


When the People's Republic of China was founded, annual oil output was ca 120,000 tons. During the last 30 yr, more than 100 oil fields in the northwestern, northeastern, eastern, and south-central parts of the country have been discovered, yielding a stabilized annual total output of over 100 million tons of oil each year since 1978. A great majority of the oil and gas pools exist in deposits of continental origin. They are of varied types; some are in stratified sandstones like those in the Daqing oil field, some in small fault blocks like those in the Shengli oil field, and some in buried-hill limestone reservoirs as in the case of the Renqiu oil field. There is a wide variety of physical properties of reservoirs and crude oils. There are reservoirs with air permeability over 10 darcies and reservoirs with permeability of only a few millidarcies. Crude oils produced are of varying viscosity, and oil fields producing sand are not uncommon. The depth of burial of oil pools ranges from 500 to 4000 m. Operations that have helped to insure normal production of all these fields are discussed. They include waterflooding, selective production, separate testing, artificial lift, heavy oil producing,more » fracturing and acid treatment, water plugging, and sand control.« less


Micro-inverters usually are used to connect photovoltaic panels (PV) to the electricity grid. If the energy provided by the panel is not enough to satisfy the demands, the system becomes dependent exclusively of the grid. This constraint demands the use of a battery bank, therefore it is necessary to add a third port to the micro-inverter to connect this energy backup. In this paper, a two stage micro-inverter is proposed, the first stage is a DC/DC Triple Active Bridge (TAB) converter that integrates a back-up battery and works in soft switching; and the second stage is a Voltage Source Inverter (VSl) that operates in both grid-connected mode (GCM) and Stand Alone Mode (SAM). The grid-multimode operation controller developed detects the islanding fault and maintains the energy quality for a typical nonlinear load. Reliability and robustness of Uninterrupted Power Supplies (UPS) are increased by the proposed control.


An adequate nutritional support is important to ensure a normal development of the fetuses. Changes in the nutritional support during gestation may lead to transitory or permanent structural and functional changes of several organs of the offspring. We aimed to investigate the impact of a high fat diet during the gestation on cardiovascular and autonomic nervous systems (ANS) in the offspring of rats. High fat diet was given from day 1 of gestation until weaning of puppies. Sixty‐day‐old offspring from High Fat Diet dams (HFDD, n= 6) or Normal Diet dams (NDD, n= 6) had femoral arteries surgically assessed for the measurements of heart rate (HR), mean (MAP), systolic (SAP) and diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). To investigate the balance of ANS, we established the high (HF) and low frequency (LF) bands of pulse interval (PI) and LF band of SAP spectrum. HFDD had increased MAP (135 ± 2vs 103± 1 mmHg, p<0.05), SAP (160 ± 3 vs 128 ± 4 mmHg, p<0.05), DAP (111 ± 2vs 91 ± 2 mmHg, p<0.05) and HR (417 ± 23 vs 352 ± 8 bpm, p<0.05) when compared to NDD. After spectral analysis of PI and SAP, LF band of SAP spectrum (6.19 ± 0.84 vs 2.29 ± 0.56 mmHg2, p<0.05) and LF/HF ratio of PI (0.71 ± 0.22 vs 0.14 ± 0.016 p<0.05) was higher in HFDD under spontaneous condition. These findings suggest that high fat diet during pregnancy and lactation leads to autonomic misbalance and hypertension in adult offspring rats.


In the reformation of the 2×100 m~3/h RO heating system,using evaporation recycled water as the heating source of the Yellow River in winter,through energy conversion of high-temperature circulating water and the Yellow River water,achieved the purpose of steam saving.


This book examines Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 for the desktop user and administrator. Though administrative tools are covered, the emphasis is on what a user would need to know to perform tasks. The focus here is on what users face when using Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, covering topics like applications, the GNOME and KDE desktops, shell commands, and the administration and network tools. Desktops are examined in detail, including configuration options. Applications examined include Office Suites, editors, ebook readers, music and video applications, email clients, Web and FTP browsers, as well as VoIP, microblogging, and IM applications. Administration topics are also covered including user management, software management, repositories, system startup, services, system monitoring, shell configuration, encryption, network connections, shared resources, authentication, SELinux, firewalls, shell configuration, backups, and printers.


Previous work on the auditory‐visual articulation index [Ken W. Grant, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 79, S4 (1987)] showed that filtered bands of speech with different center frequencies but roughly the same auditory intelligibility in quiet also have the same auditory‐visual intelligibility. Furthermore, it was shown that these results could be fairly well predicted by articulation theory. The present study extends this work by examing the theory's ability to predict auditory‐visual intelligibility for filtered bands of speech in noise as well as for various combinations of nonadjacent 1/3 octave bands in quiet. A comparison of predicted and obtained intelligibility results will be discussed for each filtered band as a function of speech‐to‐noise ratio. In addition, the assumption that the auditory AI obtained for each separate band can be added to predict the auditory and auditory‐visual AI when the bands are combined will be tested. [Work supported by NIH.]


Abstract : Electrochemistry in ambient temperature ionic liquids was performed. A portion of the work was carried out in haloaluminate melts, mainly 1-ethyl-3-ethyl imidazolium chloride-aluminum chloride. This was to complete work initiated under prior grants and involved studies of buffering of these systems. The bulk of the work involved electrochemical studies in non-haloaluminate ionic liquids, mainly 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Alkali metal reduction potentials were measured, an apparent anomaly with a rotating disc electrode was found and explained, and turn-on potentials and conductivities of polypyrrole films in the non-haloaluminate ionic liquids were measured.


Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is known to be a powerful technique to detect surface displacements with unprecedented spatial resolution, and has been applied to numerous earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, glaciers and ice sheets. Meanwhile, the effects of microwave propagation through ionosphere and troposphere can generate non-negligible phase anomaly in InSAR data, which often keeps from detecting small-amplitude displacements. Correcting for the ionsphere and troposphere is therefore a long-standing issue for high-precision geodetic measurements. However, if ground displacements are negligible, InSAR image can tell us the details of the atmosphere. Kinoshita and Furuya (2017, submitted) detected phase anomaly in ALOS/PALSAR InSAR data associated with heavy rain over Niigata area, Japan, and performed numerical weathr model simulation to reproduce the anomaly; ALOS/PALSAR is a satellite-based L-band SAR sensor launched by JAXA in 2006 and terminated in 2011. The phase anomaly could be largely reproduced, using the output data from the weather model. However, we should note that numerical weather model outputs can only account for the non-dispersive effect in the phase anomaly. In case of severe weather event, we may expect dispersive effect that could be caused by possible presence of free-electrons. In contrast to GNSS system, SAR imaging is based on a single carrier frequency, and thus no operational ionospheric corrections have been performed in InSAR data analyses. Recently, Gomba et al (2016) detailed the processing strategy of split spectrum method (SSM) for InSAR, which splits the finite bandwidth of the range spectrum and virtually allows for dual-frequency measurements. We apply the SSM to the heavy rain signals detected by L-band InSAR, and report the presence of phase anomaly in both dispersive and non-dispersive components. While the original phase anomaly turns out to be mostly due to the non-dispersive effect, we can recognize local anomalies in the dispersive component as well. We will discuss its geophysical implications, and may show other case studies.


Two papers published inCancer Discoveryunveil the molecular mechanisms that underpin the improved response of patients with high-risk prostate cancer to ionizing radiation in the presence of androgen deprivation therapy.


The research aims to uncover foundational issues of mathematics teaching in the context of culture Guambiana. For the scope of this proposal is necessary to collect the lived experiences of the actors, thereby systematically describes those aspects of teaching in which teachers match the guard, with respect to the teaching and learning of mathematics. The approach is qualitative and it is within the type of hermeneutics historical research. Within the first fin dings are narratives where community leaders describe and make their own judgments about teaching in the school led and how it has been losing cultural identity.


In order to model the temporal database of the objective world in line with the actual description of the abstract,fuzzy membership of fuzzy temporal data is analysed by using fuzzy measurement.A fuzzy temporal mapping model of fuzzy set theory is established,and the model that we present in this paper realizes the mapping of fuzzy measure values to discrete temporal interval.The paper expands the conception of temporal database in modeling fuzzy temporal datum.Based on the analysis of measurement of fuzzy temporal information,extracting the fuzzy value corresponding to tuple discrete temporal interval,and these fuzzy value are mapped to discrete temporal interval,realizing the correspondence between temporal convex interval and fuzzy values at the fuzzy temporal database conception level.The theory compensates for the fuzzy temporal information deficiencies that the existing temporal database can not handle,and expands the ability the fuzzy temporal database to process the fuzzy events.


Purpose Skincare products are used daily to maintain a healthy skin, although their skin microbiome impact is still poorly known. Preserving the natural resources and mechanisms of the skin ecosystem is essential, and a novel approach based on these premises, called ecobiology, has recently emerged in skincare. We evaluated the impact on the skin microbiome of three types of leave-on face skincare products: a hydrophilic solution, a micellar solution, and an oil-in-water emulsion. Patients and Methods Samples for microbial profiling were obtained from 20 Caucasian females twenty-four hours and four days following daily application of the skincare products and compared to an untreated area. The bacterial diversity and the abundance of the skin microbiome were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform. Results Our results confirmed the skin microbiome diversity and the prevalence of Cutibacterium spp. and Staphylococcus spp. at sebaceous sites. The bacterial diversity and abundance were not affected by the products, and no dissimilarities versus the control nor between each product were noted at both times. Conclusion These preliminary results demonstrate for the first time that three types of leave-on face skincare products have no impact on the human skin microbiome and can be considered to be "microbiome friendly".


The present invention relates to a fastening element (1) for a fixed-stop point (7) of the stop point is particularly suitable for absorbing dynamic loads and / or, in particular a metal frame wall, ceiling, or attached templates metal profile static load on (2). Angular tab (3) in order to prevent excessive deformation of the metal profiles and overload occurs in the case of a fall protected in accordance with the present invention includes a fastening element having a first flange (4) and a second flange (5) wherein, in said first flange (4) is provided with at least one connection point for the stopper (7) and / or a static load with the fastening element (1) is connected, and the at least one connecting member preferably has an internal thread (8), said second flange (5) having at least one opening for the second flange (5) and the metal profiles (2) threaded connection and said second flange (5 ) at least partially provided with a corrugation (10).


In view of the critically important role interactivity plays in online education, scholars have highlighted its various essential features and effects. This study argues that in spite of the diversity of the features and effects advocated, the technical attributes alone are hardly sufficient to meet autonomous learners' expectation for the efficiency of interactivity, unless properly-constructed scaffolding is incorporated in online education. To prove the argument, a survey instrument was developed, an empirical study was carried out, data were collected from 299 university students of 3 online learning modes, and the relationship between the proposed scaffolding and learners' perceived efficiency of interactivity attributes was examined by SmartPLS2.0. It was proved that properly-developed scaffolding has significantly positive effect on learners' perceived efficiency of interactivity in online education.


This study explored the relationship between graduate students' proactive personality and academic procrastination, and the chain-mediation by research self-efficacy and learning adaptability. Participants were 905 postgraduates in China (female =70%; first year =56%; humanities and social sciences =54%). They completed the graduate students' proactive personality scale, the graduate students' academic procrastination scale, the research self-efficacy scale, and the learning adaptability scale. Applying chain mediation analyses, results showed that proactive personality was associated with higher research self-efficacy and learning adaptability. Learning adaptability mediated the relationship between proactive personality and academic procrastination, specifically decreasing procrastination. Research self-efficacy and learning adaptability played a chain-mediating role between proactive personality and academic procrastination, with higher cumulative reduction of procrastination than with either self-efficacy and learning adaptability alone. These findings suggest a need for graduate student development and support services to aim at improving students' self-efficacy and learning adaptability for timely school completion,


The aim of this study was to improve the quality of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) determination of phosphorus in crystalline quartz. Over the last decade, the Geological Survey of Norway has routinely performed trace element determinations on quartz from both operating and potential quartz deposits by LA‐ICP‐MS. The determined phosphorus concentrations were, with but few exceptions, consistently within the range of 10 to 30 μg g−1, results that seemed to be both too high and too consistent. The multi‐material calibration curve obtained from a suite of reference materials (NIST SRM 610, 612, 614, 1830, BAM No. 1 amorphous SiO2 glass) did not define a precise regression line. Published phosphorus concentrations for the reference materials are poorly constrained and the observed dispersions along the multi‐material calibration curve suggest that some of the reference values may be inaccurate. Furthermore, the calibration curve did not pass through the origin of the [(cps 31P/cps 30Si) · cone. Si] vs. P concentration diagram; thus, in addition to the uncertainties of the literature values of phosphorus, it is difficult to define the calibration curve. Three reference materials (NIST SRM 614, 1830, synthetic quartz KORTH) were sent for phosphorus accelerator implantation, providing an independent and accurate (± 3%) approach for determining phosphorus concentrations in crystalline quartz. The intrinsic phosphorus concentrations of the three implanted samples plus those for NIST SRM 610 and 612 were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), yielding new phosphorus values for NIST SRM 610, 612, 614 and 1830. Using these new values resulted in a better defined LA‐ICP‐MS calibration curve. However, the source of the ICP‐MS related background could not be defined, such that it must still be empirically corrected for.