"The electric lights on city lampposts come on at night and go off during the day: thus they mark and regulate night and day," writes folklorist Eric Miller. "The red-yellow-green traffic lights likewise regulate traffic, telling one to go or to wait.... Jim Power's mosaic work on lampposts features hundreds of colors! What messages might this send? Certainly not just stop or go! Perhaps it might signal one to pause and wonder, consider, meditate, admire the beauty of it, relax, and think, 'I have arrived in the East Village'" (1) Sixty-nine-year-old, Irish-born Jim Power grew up in Queens, served in Vietnam, and arrived in the East Village of Manhattan in 1981. Inspired by his work as a stonemason, he got his start doing concrete and stone decorations on planters and on the bases of lampposts. "But people kept telling me, 'go up, go up,'" Jim said. He began embedding tiles into the concrete and slowly developed his unique style of cutting plates and tiles and fitting them together like a jigsaw puzzle to fully cover the poles. His idea was to create a mosaic trail with the theme "Around the Village in 80 Light Poles." Jim's mosaic work is made up of a wide variety of materials: tiles, crockery, colored glass, mirrors, and seashells--some purchased, some donated, some found. New Yorkers can catch their glittering reflections in the shards of mirror and glass. There is abstract design, figurative representations, and a good deal of lettering. For almost 30 years, Jim was often homeless, working outdoors in wind and cold or blazing heat, with an open hat for contributions. In 2004, City Lore awarded Jim a People's Hall of Fame Award for beautifying the City with distinctive, artful mosaics. The ceremony took place at the Museum of the City of New York, with Jim insisting that he could not come unless he could bring his dog Jesse. Jim tells the story of how a fancy car service picked him up and took him to the Museum where he proudly accepted the large, bronze subway token for New York's longest lasting guerilla art. Then, after all the fanfare, the car took him right back to Astor Place where he slept outside with Jesse beside one of his poles. For the next decade, Jim continued to work, but in 2015, distressing news swept through the East Village. New York City had decided to renovate Astor Place--the plaza at the north end of Bowery where Cooper Union is located--precisely the spot where eight of Jim's most iconic poles were located. The famous sculpture called "The Cube" needed to be taken down and refurbished. In addition, all the light poles needed to be summarily taken down, because the City decided that an entirely new lighting system was called for, with new, taller, black lampposts, instead of the now old-fashioned gray ones. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] The future of Jim's poles looked ominous, but there was a sliver of hope. William Kelly, the director of the Village Alliance who loved mosaic art and Jim's work, was overseeing the restoration. He was convinced the poles could be saved. Jim wouldn't hear of it. He was beside himself with anger. On August 13, 2014, DNAinfo reported, "Jim 'Mosaic Man' Power began tearing down his multicolored mosaics from lampposts around Astor Place Wednesday as a preemptive strike against the city, which had planned to remove the art, he said." Riding his red scooter, chisel in hand, he savagely chipped I away at the pole that had Bloomberg's name in orange tiles. Out of despair and frustration, William Kelly called me and Clayton Patterson, a photographer and denizen of the East Village who had been photographing and helping Jim since 1985, and poet Bob Holman, proprietor of the Bowery Poetry Club and a longstanding friend and fan of Jim's. An intervention was required--and on February 26, 2015, Bob, Clayton and I met Jim in Clayton's studio. …


The major objective of this thesis was to produce descriptions of the land vegetation-cover in Europe for selected time windows of the Holocene (6000, 3000, 500, 200, and 50 calendar years before present (BP=1950)) that can be used in climate modelling. Land vegetation is part of the climate system; its changes influence climate through biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes. Land use such as deforestation is one of the external forcings of climate change. Reliable descriptions of vegetation cover in the past are needed to study land cover-climate interactions and understand the possible effects of present and future land-use changes on future climate. We tested and applied the REVEALS (Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites) model to estimate past vegetation in percentage cover over Europe using pollen records from lake sediments and peat bogs. The model corrects for the biases of pollen data due to intraspecific differences in pollen productivity and pollen dispersion and deposition in lakes and bogs. For the land-cover reconstructions in Europe and the Baltic Sea catchment we used 636 (grouped by 1˚x1˚ grid cells) and 339 (grouped by biogeographical regions) pollen records, respectively. The REVEALS reconstructions were performed for 25 tree, shrub and herb taxa. The grid-based REVEALS reconstructions were then interpolated using a set of statistical spatial models. We show that the choice of input parameters for the REVEALS application does not affect the ranking of the REVEALS estimates significantly, except when entomophilous taxa are included. We demonstrate that pollen data from multiple small sites provide REVEALS estimates that are comparable to those obtained with pollen data from large lakes, however with larger error estimates. The distance between the small sites does not influence the results significantly as long as the sites are at a sufficient distance from vegetation zone boundaries. The REVEALS estimates of open land for Europe and the Baltic Sea catchment indicate that the degree of landscape openness during the Holocene was significantly higher than previously interpreted from pollen percentages. The relationship between Pinus and Picea and between evergreen and summer-green taxa may also differ strongly whether it is based on REVEALS percentage cover or pollen percentages. These results provide entirely new insights on Holocene vegetation history and help understanding questions related to resource management by humans and biodiversity in the past. The statistical spatial models provide for the first time pollen-based descriptions of past land cover that can be used in climate modelling and studies of land cover-climate interactions in the past. (Less)


NURSES SHOULD not be allowed to practise in another European Union (EU) member state without registering there first, says an influential EU committee.


SPONTANEOUS perforation of the presumably normal esophagus has been considered a rare lesion. A recent increase in the number of reports on this subject indicates that it may not be as unusual as was formerly believed. Barrett,1 Olsen and Clagett2 and Kinsella3 have recently considered this subject so completely that further review is unnecessary. The original, classic description of the lesion by Boerhaave in 1723 and the first diagnosis made during life by Walker4 in 1914 represent historical milestones. In modern times, the diagnosis has been made before death a number of times, but seldom early enough to permit treatment. . . .


A comparison was made of the linear least-squares method and a nonlinear least-square method of the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo second order kinetic model for the biosorption of methylene blue onto rice husk. The parameters obtained from the linear method and the nonlinear method were different. The error analysis was performed. Results showed that both linear and nonlinear method can be used to fit the experimental data. The nonlinear method may be a better way to obtain the desired parameters.


A study of cancer death rates among U.S. computer-chip workers was published last week after IBM lost its legal battle to block the author from publishing it. Epidemiologist Richard Clapp of Boston University analyzed mortality data on 31,941 American IBM employees, many retired, who died between


According to the characteristic and essence of data mining and taking advantage of Bayesian method,a new classification method named BD1.0 algorithm was presented.This method combined the prior information and information gain method of decision tree.The design and analysis of the algorithm was introduced too.The experiment results show that the algorithm can deal with dirty data such as incomplete data or inconsistent data,and it is more accurate than only useing Bayesian method or decision tree.It has approximate time complexity with C4.5 algorithm.


The socialisation process may be analysed at three levels : a person may acquire knowledge about a role, attitudes about behaviour in the position concerned and, finally, values relating to the institution within which the position is located. In this paper,1 knowledge, attitudes and values concerning political roles will be considered. Some roles, which will be called 'primary', relate to positions that are filled all the time; other roles, termed 'secondary', are played only from time to time. Political socialisation relates to a secondary role, though such primary roles as sex, social class and that of 'the intelligent child' may clearly influence the learning of the political culture. Since 1959, when Hyman published a survey of the literature,3 increased attention has been given to this field in the USA, but so far little relevant empirical work has been reported in Britain. The intention here is to examine some aspects of this process as it relates to a sample of children passing through the age range of around eleven to thirteen in the city of Aberdeen. These findings should have implications both for the theory of socialisation and for the teaching of Social Studies in secondary schools. Therefore, after reporting the findings, conclusions will be drawn of both a sociological and an educational nature.


The dynamics of molecules and molecular reactions that generate chemistry such as
bond breaking, bond formation or bond rearrangement occur on the femtosecond
(10����15 s) time scale. Real-time observations and investigations of these reactions are
fundamental to understanding these dynamics. Ultra-fast laser pulses with intensities
around 1014 W=cm2, impact on the electronic and nuclear motion on femtosecond
timescale. In order to understand the region of transition states between the initial
and nal state of a reaction, that determines the fate of the products, detailed
experimental investigations are necessary.
This work focuses on three separate investigations, one addressing the strong eld
control of the electronic dynamics in the hydrogen molecule and two addressing the
strong eld ionization dynamics in small but complex hydrocarbon molecule acetylene
(C2H2). The pump-probe approach is applied to observe the real-time femtochemistry.
The rst part of this thesis deals with the strong eld dissociation of H+
2 . The goal
is to control the dissociating dynamics by utilizing the control capability of the carrierenvelope
phase (CEP) in a pump-probe approach. The work shows the response of
the bound electron during the dissociation process. The timing of the electron localization
and time-dependent distribution of the inter-nuclear separation is retrieved.
Second and third part of this thesis deals with the investigations of the fragmentation
dynamics in acetylene in the strong laser eld. Time-resolved vibrational
dynamics and enhanced ionization (EI) are studied by using the pump-probe approach
with reaction microscope in the second part. A wave-packet is launched onto
the acetylene cation by the pump pulse and vibrational dynamics are traced by the
probe pulse in di-cation fragmentation of the acetylene. Whereas laser parameters
to control particular fragmentation and bond breaking are investigated in the third section of the thesis. This is illustrated by taking the experimental measurements at
di erent laser intensities and ellipticities and parameters that govern the ultra-fast
proton migration in acetylene dication are investigated. It is found that C-C bond
breaking after proton migration in acetylene dication is favored in circularly polarized
laser elds over C-C bond breaking without proton migration.


• (cid:9) An attempt is made to understand and correct the vertical growth in the peeler of the 184-inch cyclotron. We show that a vertically focusing quadrupole field with its origin at the radial regeneration node improves the extraction efficiency somewhat, but cannot make all vertical orbits stable.


For disabled person, participation to sports activity acts important role in elevation as well as society synthetic side of physical activity that is cowered by disabled person. Sports that is obstacle rushed to infinity competition system and it is clear truth that disabled person sports of universal trend is no longer physical education and physical education that enjoy that participate. Suggestion for sports development that is obstacle hereupon is as following. First, must have professionalism about sports that is obstacle. Second, sports professional leader qualification that is obstacle and training courses should be readied. Third, excellence player`s excavation and science anger must consist. Fourth, various exercise program should be developed. Fifth, sports space that is obstacle should be expanded.


Objective To investigate the gene polymorphism of IL-1β and its correlation with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),and to explore the risk factors of COPD.Methods The total 324 participants were enrolled in the study,including 162 patients with COPD(COPD group) and 162 healthy subjects(control group)(1∶1 matching).The blood samples were collected,and questionnaires were written for all the patients and healthy subjects.The polymerize chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RLFP) was used to detect the allele frequency and genotype of IL-1β.The levels of IL-1β in serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) and the risk factors of COPD were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results Among 324 participants,there were no significant differences in the gene frequency in three gene locus of-511,-31,+3954 between all the participants and male group as well as female group(P0.05).However the combination mutation rates in-31and +3954 locus were 10% and 4% in COPD group and control group respectively,and there was a significant difference between two groups(P0.05).There was a significant difference in the levels of IL-1βin serum between COPD group and control group(3.96±0.35 vs 2.69±0.14,P0.01).The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history,smoking,depression and mutation in the gene sites of-511C,-31T,+3954T were the risk factors of COPD(P0.05).Conclusion The combination mutation of-511,-31 and +3954 locus is correlated with the pathogenesis of COPD,and family history,smoking and depress can increase the risk factors of COPD.


Background; Holy Cross; Navy service; Early graduate work at UW; Housefellow; Williston Academy; Graduate work with Philip Curtin; Peace Corps; Research in Kenya; Robert Clodius; UW Parkside and Green Bay; Fred Harvey Harrington; Merger and the Madison campus; Irving Shain; Student protest movement, Sterling Hall bombing and the TAA strike; Joseph Kauffman; F. Chandler Young; Department of Academic Affairs; Academic Affairs staff members; Mercile Lee; Academic Advancement Program; Chancellor's Scholarship Program; Five Year Program; Marion Brown; Undergraduate Admissions; New Student Services; Student Financial Aid; Computing on campus; Foreign Students and Faculty; Career Advising and Placement; Academic Services; Outreach; Extension education at UW and Harrington?s changes; Changes in extension programs after Merger; Office of Continuing Education; Regents Study Committee on Extension; Integration of extension faculty and services; Outreach and Extension after integration; Donna Shalala; The Madison Plan; David Ward; Futures Report and Future Directions booklet; Committee on Cooperation with Developing Universities; Records and Registration Committee; UW-Madison Continuing Education Council; System Advisory Council on Outreach; System Vice Chancellor?s Committee on Implementation of 1988 Regent Recommendations on Extension and Institutional Relationships; Assessment Council; Chancellor?s Committee on Arts Outreach; Associative Administrative Council; Culture of UW; UW System issues; UW-Madison Retirement Association; diversity; Bryant Kearl; Bernie Cohen.


According to Mongolian which is the only global writing reading formats from top to bottom and from left to right,we analyzed machine-readable catalogue research from domestic and foreign Mongolian,Put forward to Mongolia machine-readable catalogue and Chinese unified cataloging rules,Unified storage,Unified retrieval On the foundation of the UTF-8 encoding Unicode character and Using the J2EE development platform,Under the support with the Microsoft IE8 browser according with traditional Mongolian machine-readable catalogue displaying and querying,we solved the status of traditional Mongolian outside Chinese machine-readable catalogue database.


After milk property effect was eliminated, relative fouling rates of electropolished stainless steel, 304 stainless steel, titanium, polysiloxane and Teflon were 0.99, 1.00, 1.01, 1.14, and 1.20, respectively. No significant reduction of cleaning time was found on the Teflon-coated plate although Teflon had significantly larger contact angles in both surface-water-air and surface-water-octane than did stainless steel. Magnetic field treatment of milk and calcium phosphatase solution did not significantly affect fouling rates or type of calcium phosphate crystals in deposits


For the first time the surface of brass (Cu−Zn alloy) and its chemistry have been characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy at the subnanometer (atomic) scale. The comparative results obtained on Cu70Zn30(111) and Cu(111) single-crystal surfaces evidence the random distribution of Zn atoms substituted to Cu atoms at the extreme surface of brass, the Zn-depleted concentration in the topmost layer of the alloy and the associated modifications of the surface density of states. The initial stages of interaction with oxygen and sulfur highlight the role of Zn in the surface chemistry. The reactivity becomes governed by the chemical defects (Zn atoms) introduced by alloying. The nucleation mechanism and the nature of the surface oxide compounds are modified. Surface reconstruction is promoted in the reaction with sulfur, and S vacancies are introduced in the surface sulfide compounds. The data are relevant for the detailed understanding of the effect of alloying a noble or seminoble metal matr...


The Air Putih Ferry Port is one of the ports in Bengkalis Regency, Riau Province which serves the Air Putih – Sungai Selari route. The Air Putih Ferry Port is very important to support economic development in Bengkalis Regency. The port for carrying out crossing transportation activities is expected to provide safe, orderly, and smooth services.  Currently, the sterilization and management of passenger and vehicle traffic have not been implemented properly. At the Air Putih Ferry Port itself, passengers and vehicles buy tickets at the same counter. The delivery person/pick up is free to enter the pier. In addition, there is also a crossing at the entrance to the ferry port. The method used to analyze the existing problems in the analysis of sterilization at the Air Putih Ferry Port, analysis of traffic management, and analysis of facilities that can support the application of sterilization and management of passenger and vehicle traffic at the Air Putih Ferry Port.  Based on this analysis, it can be concluded that the sterilization of the ferry port has not been implemented so that the management of passenger and vehicle traffic has not been orderly and orderly. In addition, the supporting facilities for sterilization and management of passenger and vehicle traffic at the Air Putih Ferry Port are considered still not optimal in their use. To create an orderly and safe ferry port, what can be done is to implement the sterilization of the ferry port and the management of passenger and vehicle traffic at the Air Putih Ferry Port and to support the sterilization and management of passenger and vehicle traffic, it is necessary to optimize supporting facilities such as signs, markers, as well as officers who play a role in the security and order of the ferry port.


Fatty acids attached to β-position of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PEA) in the intima, media and atherosclerotic plaque of human arterial wall were splitted by phospholipase A and fatty acid compositions at α- and β-position of PC and PEA were measured. From these data, their molecular distributions were calculated. Results were as follows: (1) The heterogeneity of fatty acid moiety in α- and β-positions of PC and PEA in the intima, media and atherosclerotic plaque was present. (2) Major molecules of PC were dipalmitoyl-PC, 1-palmito-2-oleoyl-PC and 1-palmito-2-linoleyl-PC in the intima, dipalmitoyl-PC and 1-palmito-2-oleoyl-PC in the atherosclerotic plaque and 1-palmito-2-oleoylPC, 1-stearo-2-oleoyl-PC, 1-palmito-2-linoleyl-PC and dipalmitoyl-PC in the media. (3) Major molecules of PEA were 1-stearo-2-palmitoyl-PEA in the intima, 1-stearo-2-palmitoyl-PEA and dipalmitoyl-PEA in the atherosclerotic plaque and 1-stearo-2-arachidonyl-PEA in the media. (4) Disaturated PC and PEA were found comparatively rich in the atherosclerotic plaque.


A simple, sensitive, specific, accurate, and stability-indicating reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of cabotegravir and rilpivirine in injection dosage form, using a Waters Model No.2695 series compact system fitted with Agilent - C18 column (BDS) (150 X 4.6 mm, 5μm) and a mobile phase composed of 0.01N KH2PO4 buffer (pH: 4.8): acetonitrile (70:30v/v). The 260 nm wavelength was chosen. The retention times of cabotegravir and rilpivirine were found to be 2.30 and 3.187 minutes, respectively. Linearity was established for cabotegravir and rilpivirine in the range of 25-150 µg/mL and 37.5-225µg/mL respectively: with correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9999 for both the drugs. Cabotegravir and rilpivirine were found to have %RSDs of 0.4 and 0.3 respectively, for system precision. The proposed methods intra- and inter-day precision assessments showed a relative standard deviation (%RSD) below the maximum permitted level of 2.0. Accuracy was carried out in triplicate, and the percentage recovery was 100.25% for cabotegravir and 99.79% for rilpivirine, respectively. The limit of detection and limit of quantification for cabotegravir were found to be 0.24 and 0.74  μg/mL, respectively and 1.10 and 3.34 μg/mL, for rilpivirine respectively. Both medications were put to a range of stress conditions, including thermal, acidic, basic, oxidative, and photolytic stress. The findings demonstrated that, with the exception of heat, UV, and neutral environments, considerable degradation was found in acidic, basic, and oxidative conditions where a good separation of drug peaks was seen in the presence of the degradation products. As a result, this technique can be used to quantitatively to analyze cabotegravir and rilpivirine in bulk drug and injection dosage forms. Keywords: Cabotegravir, RP HPLC, Rilpivirine, ICH guidelines


In this chapter, we discuss our methodologies for the self-assembly of colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) at the liquid interface. We also review other recent studies on orientation-controlled platelet assembly on liquid interfaces. We compare the results of the reported studies and discuss the parameters that affect the NPL orientation at the liquid interface.


In protected areas (PAs) designated for the conservation of biodiversity, temporal landscape changes do occur, driven by natural and anthropogenic factors. Such changes may impact on the conservation value of the PA. In a wildlife PA, changes in habitat extents could adversely affect some of the faunal species. Our objective was to assess temporal changes in the cover of three major habitat types in the Udawalawe National Park (UWNP) that have occurred over a short term. Based on the outcome, we aimed to determine the potential impacts such changes would have on the wildlife. Considering that UWNP was established primarily for conserving the nationally threatened and flagship species Elephas maximus, we carried out field studies and decided on three relevant habitat types forest, scrub, and grassland. We used multi-temporal satellite images with ground truthing for assessing habitat extents in the years 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2019. Habitat cover maps were prepared using supervised classification and changes in the extents of the selected habitats were assessed. Between 2005 and 2019, the areas under forest and scrub had increased. The grassland has considerably decreased, mainly owing to invasion by scrub. Grassland depletion adversely impacts the elephant whose preferred food is grass and the high population of elephants in UWNP aggravates the situation. Depletion of food resources within the park would also lead to an increase in the human-elephant conflicts in border villages. Thus, in this study we highlight the importance of monitoring temporal changes in habitat cover in order to manage the PA and the inhabiting wild


Objective: The aim of this study was to compare receptive and expressive language skills in premature and full-term babies under the newborn hearing screening follow-up program. Material and Methods: A total of 130 babies were evaluated, of which 68 were premature and 62 were healthy full-term babies. Hearing function was assessed in all infants with the Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) tests according to hospital's screening protocol and found normal in all. Assessment of receptive and expressive language skills in both premature and full-term babies was based on the Preschool Language Scale-Fifth Edition (PLS-5) language test. PLS-5 items were applied face-to-face with the mothers of the babies, using the question-answer technique. The test time is on average 80 days for premature babies and 41 days for term babies. Results: As a result of the study, no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of auditory perception and expressive language age (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the results showed a high positive correlation between auditory perception and expressive language age in premature infants and a moderate positive correlation between the same in full-term babies. In both infant groups, auditory perception skills increase in parallel with the expressive language skills. Conclusion: Premature birth is a risk factor for language development and negative effects begin to show as the premature baby grows (especially after 6-12 months). Therefore, it is important to monitor and assess premature babies during the critical age bracket of linguistic development, which is 0-2 years, for an early diagnosis and treatment of linguistic delays that may affect them later in life. protocol, healthy newborns are first screened for hearing with the TEOAE test and


The paper investigates and analyzes the current status of medical college students' information literacy from the aspects of information awareness,knowledge,skills,ethics,security and other aspects.Combined with the medical literature retrieval teaching practices,it elaborates how to operate the teaching reform according to the current status of medical college students' information literacy,including constructing the curricular and extracurricular training mode and hierarchical teaching system.


The study aimed to analyze the influence of cash flow, leverage, and book tax difference to the earnings persistence moderated by accrual earning component at the property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period 2011-2013. The study used secondary data that financials reports with purposive sampling method where 16 companies fix sample with three years observation. The hypothesis was tested by classical assumptions, descriptive analysis and multiple linier regression with moderating variable with α 0.05. The results showed that cash flow did not significantly influence to the earnings persistence (0.747>0.05). Leverage affecting positively, significantly influence to the earnings persistence (0.11<0.05). Book tax difference affecting negatively significantly influence to the earnings persistence (0.007<0.05). And accrual component did not significantly influence to the relation between of book tax difference and earnings persistence (0.235>0.05). The conclusion of this study are leverage and book tax difference significantly influence to earning persistence while cash flow did not significantly influence and accrual component fail to strengthen or weaken between book tax difference and earning persistence. © 2016 Universitas Negeri Semarang  Correspondence Author: Gedung L2 Lantai 2 FE Unnes Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229 Email: email@example.com ISSN 2252-6765 Sandhiny Permata Sari , Fachrurrozie / Accounting Analysis Journal 5 (2) (2016)


ABSTRACT Amino acids are the most important components of black tea and are associated with the physiological and biochemical changes that occur during tea processing. Herein, we review the enzymatic and non-enzymatic reactions of the main proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous amino acids that occur during the manufacturing process of black tea from the postharvest processing steps of tea leaves to the final product. Enzymatic reactions are responsible for the amino acid variation in the withering, rolling, and fermentation stages. The significant increase in the total amino acid content during the withering stage is mainly derived from proteolysis. Furthermore, the transformation reactions in the rolling and fermentation stages decrease the amino acid levels slightly, whereas the non-enzymatic reactions, such as the Maillard and Strecker reactions, contribute to the significant decrease in the amino acid content of the drying stage. This study provides deep insights into the mechanisms underlying amino acid variation during black tea processing.


OBJECTIVE
To quantify wrist cartilage using contrast MRI and compare with the extent of adjacent synovitis and bone marrow edema (BME) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODS
18 patients with RA underwent post-contrast fat-suppressed T1weighted coronal imaging. Cartilage area at the centre of the scaphoid-capitate and radius-scaphoid joints was measured by in-house developed software. We defined cartilage as the pixels with signal intensity between two thresholds (lower: 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 times the muscle signal, upper: 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 times the muscle signal). We investigated the association of cartilage loss with synovitis and BME score derived from RA MRI scoring system.

RESULTS
Cartilage area was correlated with BME score when thresholds were adequately set with lower threshold at 0.6 times the muscle signal and upper threshold at 1.2 times the muscle signal for both SC (rs=-0.469, p < 0.05) and RS (rs=-0.486, p < 0.05) joints, while it showed no significant correlation with synovitis score at any thresholds.

CONCLUSION
Our software can accurately quantify cartilage in the wrist and BME associated with cartilage loss in patients with RA. Advances in knowledge: Our software can quantify cartilage using conventional MR images of the wrist. BME is associated with cartilage loss in RA patients.


This study was conducted at online store called Shopastelle, which is located in Semarang. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of product quality, quality of service, price and customer satisfaction as well as the impact on repurchase intention. The population used in this study are customers who've bought the Shopastelle product. By testing the 100 respondents, this study uses five variables, 22 indicators and four hypotheses. Methods of data analysis used in this study the methods of quantitative analysis using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the product quality has a positive influence on customer satisfaction; quality of service has a positive influence on customer satisfaction; product diversity has a positive influence on customer satisfaction; and customer satisfaction has a positive influence on repurchase intention.


5G virtual reality technology is a technology that has attracted widespread attention in the computer field in recent years. Establishing a harmonious human–computer interaction environment in the multidimensional information space is one of the development goals of information technology. Face information is important information for identifying the identity of others. Three‐dimensional information has important applications in many fields and directions of machine vision. Therefore, the three‐dimensional common face image has a significant meaning. In this paper, binocular stereo vision system is used to collect multiple pairs of facial information images. The image correction method was used to correct the collected image pairs. According to the basic criteria of stereo matching, the advantages and disadvantages of various traditional image matching methods are analyzed. On the basis of completing the image correction, the graph cut matching method is selected as the matching method, and multiple pairs of collected image pairs are matched by this method to obtain a multi‐angle face disparity map. In this paper, after studying the basic dense matching algorithm and its improved algorithm, the SAD, SD, and NC methods of fixed window are used to compare the matching cost and the performance of the adaptive weight method in face matching. This paper studies the virtual roaming technology and the basis of the related Internet of Things (IoT) 3D face graphics theory and develops a building virtual roaming system based on MFC and OpenGL. The system draws on the basic I/0 device of the computer and provides users with a friendly MFC interface and multiple viewing angles and multiple roaming mode options for virtual faces. Experimental research shows that the reconstruction accuracy of the spatial points of the reconstructed face and the actual situation are both about 1%, which shows that the IoT 3D face modeling algorithm designed in this paper has high accuracy.


We report highly enantioselective examples of the Rauhut−Currier cycloisomerization reaction (the "vinylogous Morita−Baylis−Hillman reaction"). The reaction is highly practical and is catalyzed by a commercially available derivative of the proteinogenic amino acid cysteine. Reactions are conducted in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide and a critical concentration of water in bulk acetonitrile. A mechanistic model is advanced that may account for reaction selectivity that is predicated on organizational chelation of K ion in the product-determining step in which the Cys derivative undergoes elimination.


Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the sealing abilities of two calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH] 2) pastes and two mineral trioxide aggregates (MTA) against leakage on direct pulp capping with a computerized fluid filtration (CFF) method. Materials and Methods: The 60 recently extracted sound human molar teeth were sectioned at the level of the highest pulp horn to obtain dentin discs of 0.5 ± 0.2 mm. The dentin discs were numbered and permeability measurements were done before and after the operation for the same sample. For simulating direct pulp capping, dentin discs were perforated with a standard diamond bur and restorated with four different capping materials: Dycal, Calcimol light-curing (LC), ProRoot MTA and DiaRoot BioAggregate. Fluid movement measurements were tested with a CFF method and a mean value was calculated for each specimen. Results: Calcimol LC and Dycal showed significantly higher fluid conductance values compared to other pulp capping materials (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between ProRoot MTA and DiaRoot BioAggregate (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that using the MTA materials as a pulp-capping agent would be more efficient than Ca (OH) 2 materials with regard to pulpal microleakage.


The high-throughput zebrafish screening platform is a revolutionary tool that enables subcellular precision in vivo whole animal screening of Danio Rerio. It can perform laser surgery and/or imaging in less than twenty seconds per fish. This is a two orders of magnitude improvement from the existing manual method, which takes 10 to 15 minutes per fish. The platform also has the ability to rotate the fish in any angle for imaging or laser surgery. There has never been a platform that could align and position a zebrafish consistently and efficiently in such manner before. This crucial functionality was realized through a design in which zebrafish was screened in a capillary tube. Thesis Advisor: Mehmet Fatih Yanik Title: Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Table of


Purpose
Few studies only focus on halal cosmetics, although several previous studies have examined halal food and beverages. This study aims to explore the relationship between knowledge, emotional attachment and religiosity on purchase intention, mediated by satisfaction and brand trust. This study stems from the theory of reasoned action (TRA), which merges the knowledge, emotional attachment, religiosity and purchase intention of halal cosmetics.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers distributed online questionnaires to respondents via Google Form using social media (Instagram)/messaging application (WhatsApp). The respondents were Indonesian and Malaysian millennial Muslims. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. A total of 528 respondents were involved, consisting of 335 Indonesians and 193 Malaysians. However, data for 381 respondents were successfully screened for normality, outliers and multicollinearity. Furthermore, the data was used for examining the hypotheses proposed.

Findings
The results for Indonesian and Malaysian samples showed that there is a significant positive effect of knowledge, emotional attachments and religiosity on satisfaction and brand trust. But the Indonesia sample showed that there is no significant effect of religiosity on satisfaction. For Indonesia, there is a positive significant mediating role of satisfaction on purchasing intention. For Malaysia, there is no significant mediating role of satisfaction on purchasing intention. For Indonesia and Malaysia, there are positive significant mediating role of brand trust on purchasing intention.

Research limitations/implications
The study compared consumers of the millennial generation in Indonesia and Malaysia with limited samples. For future research, it is suggested to exploring and combining non-Muslims and Muslims in the millennial generation and testing it in more than two countries.

Practical implications
The study provides an accurate understanding of the relationships proposed, such as knowledge, emotional attachment and religiosity, on satisfaction, brand trust and purchasing intention of millennial Muslim woman consumers in Indonesia and Malaysia, because the millennial Muslim woman consumers in Indonesia and Malaysia had the same behavioral characteristics: Muslim consumers and product characteristics.

Social implications
The study of halal cosmetics can provide a spiritual commitment for Muslims, who consciously prefer socio-religious values in choosing cosmetic products. Therefore, the halal label of the product is also a reason for social and religious values to increase the social awareness of the Muslim millennial generation in Malaysia and Indonesia.

Originality/value
This research discusses the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction and brand trust on the purchasing intention of halal cosmetics. The response of Muslim consumers to halal cosmetics has not been widely studied in Indonesia and Malaysia. Meanwhile, in Indonesia, the halal label on all products has recently been made mandatory by the Indonesian Ulema Council. Therefore, this research offers insights into the attitudes of Muslim consumers towards halal cosmetics products.


Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 317 drilled progradational sequences on the continental shelf and upper slope in the offshore Canterbury Basin on the eastern margin of the South Island of New Zealand. We measured δ 18 O and δ 13 C values in benthic foraminifers (Nonionella flemingi) from the upper 550 meters below seafloor at slope Site U1352. The results of the oxygen isotope ratios in conjunction with nannofossil datum levels allow identification of most of the marine isotope stages (MIS) shown in the LR04 stack since MIS 63 (1.76 Ma).


The radio technique for the detection of cosmic particles has seen a major revival in recent years. New and planned experiments in the lab and the field, such as GLUE, Anita, LUNASKA, Codalema, LOPES as well as sophisticated Monte Carlo experiments have produced a wealth of new information and I review here briefly some of the main results with the main focus on air showers. Radio emission of ultra-high energy cosmic particles offers a number of interesting advantages. Since radio waves suffer no attenuation, radio measurements allow the detection of very distant or highly inclined showers, can be used day and night, and provide a bolometric measure of the leptonic shower component. The LOPES experiment has detected the radio emission from cosmic rays, confirmed the geosynchrotron effect for extensive air showers, and provided a good calibration fomula to convert the radio signal into primary particle energy. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations suggest that also the shower maximum and the particle composition can be measured. Future steps will be the installation of radio antennas at the Auger experiment to measure the composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays and the usage of the LOFAR radio telescope (and later the SKA) as a cosmic ray detector. Here an intriguing additional application is the search for low-frequency radio emission from neutrinos and cosmic rays interacting with the lunar regolith. This promises the best detection limits for particles above 10^21 eV and allows one to go significantly beyond current ground-based detectors.


This paper presents the use of software modelling as a tool to
study the impact of hydraulic "resistivity" on the contaminant transport
through bentonite-based containment barriers. A sensitivity analysis on
the predicted data was carried out by varying the boundary conditions as
well as the hydraulic resistance to flow through varying contaminant
transport parameters. Accordingly, both advective and diffusive flow
processes are considered as that which resists the flow. In particular, the
effect on the contaminant migration due to desiccation cracking is
explored. Laboratory evidence is provided and discussed to show how the
initial microstructure of the clay influences the development of
subsequent macro structural features such as shrinkage crack patterns.
The effect of these cracks and the intensity of cracking on the
contaminant migration are modelled and pragmatically discussed.
Additionally, the effect on the hydraulic conductivity of bentonite-based
barriers, when permeated with non-standard liquids is discussed and a
typical analytical output is presented.


Objective To explore the role of infection control nurse in the prevention of catheter-related blood stream in-fection(CRBSI) in intensive care unit.Methods The position of infection control nurse was set up to formulate guideline for CRBSI prevention,provide training and supervision for the staff,and monitor the CRBSI rate.Results The medical staff' compliance with hand hygiene was significantly enhanced.The consume of antiseptic hand-rub products increased from 4.1ml per patient day to 65.2 ml per patient day.The percentage of patients with a central venous catheter decreased from 67.6% to 62.8%.The CRBSI rate decreased from 4.29‰ to zero.Conclusion Infection control nurse plays an important role in the formulation and implementation of guideline for infection control as well as the prevention of CRBSI.


Microgrid is one of new conceptual power systems for smooth installation of many distributed generations (DGs), loads and energy storage system (ESS). The microgrid can operate both in grid-connected and islanded operation mode. The balance between supply and demand of power is one of the most importance means of improving energy efficiency. This paper presents a discussion on the management and control techniques required for microgrid operation in grid-connected and islanded mode. The cooperative control strategy of micro-sources and ESS are also discussed in this paper. Then the strategies are compared based on this applicability with different control requirements.


Abstract Cross-coupling reactions of various organocopper reagents with α-(mesyloxy)allylsilanes have been evaluated for stereoselective β,β-disubstituted vinylsilane synthesis. S N 2′ displacements with RMgBr/CuCN(cat.) reagents proceeded in high yields (84»94%) and E -selectivities (10:1 » 38:1) in THF at −78°C.


This review aims to summarise the available evidence on the effect of tobacco on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and the effect of smoking cessation on cardiovascular risk and disease.


The architecture and VLSI implementation of a programmable HD real-time motion estimator is presented. Due to the programmability, main video compression standards like MPEG-2, H.264, and VC-1 are supported. A sophisticated data flow concept in combination with a VLIW approach for controlling leads to a sustained utilization of the arithmetic resources of 95%. An area efficient architecture and design of the datapath consisting of 64 parallel processing elements reduced the required complexity to 1.2 million gates. With a first VLSI implementation in 90 nm standard cell semiconductor technology a maximum clock rate of 334 MHz was achieved. This design enables real-time motion estimation in HD format with 1920-1080 pixels at 25 Hz frame rate.


We analyze the modulational instability of the zone boundary mode (ZBM) and the band edge modes (BEMs) in a one-dimensional nonlinear diatomic lattice and obtain rigorous results. Some numerical calculations of modulational instability in these modes are presented. These results indicate that the modulational instability of the BEMs leads to excitation of the discrete breathers (DBs) in the band gap, while that of the ZBM leads to excitation of the DBs above the phonon band.


Ever since 1980s economists have started to study the characteristics of climate change through the prism and approaches of economics with a purpose to come up with ways to contend with global warming. Extant literature can be classified into three categories including the externalities,intergenerational equality and international equality of climate change. A review of the literature on the economics of climate change is hoped to contribute to the research of climate change in China and to help with policy formation as well.


We describe a novel pipelined routing enhanced MAC protocol (PRMAC) for wireless sensor networks that employs cross layer optimization to realize efficient channel access over multiple hops. The main goal of the protocol is to schedule multi hop transmissions of data packets in a single cycle to reduce end-to-end delay. When nodes are awake, a multi-hop flow is constructed using the information from the routing layer, and data packet transmission is scheduled in the subsequent sleep period. When compared with existing solutions such as RMAC, our ns-2 based simulation results show an average 62.2% reduction in end to end packet delivery time for unicast traffic on random networks and up to 200% improvement in delivery ratio on multi-hop chains.


This work contains 2500 entries - 500 new to this edition - dealing with the basic vocabulary of marine science. Coverage includes explanatory charts and graphs related to the areas of water chemistry, marine ecosystems, physical features of oceans, such as reefs, coastlines, and tides; currents and their effects; and plants and animals that dwell in the oceans. Revised information on time scales, an updated chronology of significant events, and a taxonomic classification of living organisms are also included. Entries in this edition include: abyssal rocks; Luis Alvarez; celestial navigation; giant squid; global warming; microfossil; off-shore drilling; phosporence; saw shark; and zoantharia.


Using data from the first wave of the Health and Retirement Study, the authors investigated the association between health and retirement saving. The two most important findings were that (1) health has a large, significant effect on both the probability that a person nearing retirement age will contribute to an IRA and the amount of money that a person will hold in IRAs, and (2) a spouse's health has a large, significant effect on a person's access to an employer-sponsored pension, the probability that a person will contribute to an IRA, and the amount of money held in an IRA. Key words: health; IRAs; pensions; retirement saving; social security reform ********** The life expectancy of older Americans at age 65 has increased dramatically in the 20th century (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1996). Because people are living longer, they need more resources to support themselves in postretirement years. After social security benefits and income from assets, pensions are the next largest source of retirement income for people over age 65 (Social Security Administration, 2000). Pensions can be in the form of employer-sponsored retirement pensions or individual savings accounts, such as IRAs. However, participation in these two types of retirement saving options is not uniform. In 1998, only 43 percent of elderly households received income from any type of pension (Social Security Administration). And, although tax policies have been adjusted since the 1970s to encourage individual retirement savings, many families near retirement have little or no retirement savings (U.S. General Accounting Office, 1997). Whereas others have studied the effect of ethnicity (Blau & Graham, 1990; Choi, 1997; Ozawa & Tseng, 2000) and gender (Bajtelsmit & VanDerhei, 1997; Caputo, 1998) on retirement savings, this study explores the role of health in retirement savings. Several interactions among health, employment, and caregiving may influence the amount of an individual's retirement savings. First, individuals who have poor health or who have spouses with poor health may have to make changes to their work schedules, thus, potentially affecting their eligibility for employer-sponsored pensions. Second, the same individuals may devote more of their financial resources to medical costs rather than to individual retirement saving plans. Furthermore, individuals with health conditions as they near retirement age may continue to have health conditions after they retire. Because out-of-pocket health costs for people over age 65 have doubled since 1965 (U.S. General Accounting Office, 1997), the postretirement years for people with health conditions may be more costly than average. Exploring the interactions between health conditions or disabilities and retirement savings is crucial for understanding if and how people with health conditions or disabilities are affected by the current mix of retirement programs and incentives. This study focuses on three questions: 1. Is there a significant relationship between health and access to employer-sponsored pension plans? 2. Is there a significant relationship between health and participation in IRAs? 3. Is there a significant relationship between health and the amount of assets accumulated in IRAs? LITERATURE REVIEW Although social security provided retirement income to 91 percent of elderly households in 1998, the average annual benefit was only $10,486 (Social Security Administration, 2000). Social security provides a baseline retirement income just over the 1998 poverty threshold of $9,862 for an elderly married couple (U.S. Bureau of the Census, 1999). However, social security is not simply baseline retirement income for many elderly people. In fact, social security is the largest source of retirement income for 63 percent of beneficiaries, and provides 90 percent or more of the retirement income for almost one-third of social security beneficiaries (Social Security Administration). …


In July 1991, a 65-ton electric chiller was in need of major repair at NutraSweet's R and D facility outside of Chicago. Instead of automatically repairing or replacing that chiller, NutraSweet engineers Larry Aubry and Gerald Schwartz began to look at other alternatives. What they discovered was that a natural gas absorption chiller was a cost-effective, environmentally safe alternative effective, environmentally safe alternative perfectly suited for their application. The benefits for NutraSweet are straightforward: energy bills have been cut by more than [dollar sign]70,000 annually, existing boiler capacity is better utilized, existing electrical cooling system life is extended, maintenance costs are reduced, and no-ozone-depleting CFCs are utilized by the natural gas chiller. Simple payback on the unit, originally expected to be almost four years, has been reduced to closer to three.


Type II-IR fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) were written directly through the protective polyimide coatings of off-the-shelf pure silica core and standard telecom Ge-doped silica core single mode fibers using ultrafast IR radiation and the phase mask FBG writing method. Using a short focal length acylindrical lens and nonlinear photoluminescent imaging, type II grating structures could be created when Fourier transform limited pulses were chirped to 500 fs. The resulting gratings in the Ge-doped fibers were thermally stable up to 1000 °C and could be used directly as fabricated without annealing to stabilize the structure.


Objective To explore the diagnostic value of distortion products otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE) in pseudo-anacousia.Methods Pseudo-anacousia group,normal group and sensorineural hearing loss group were examined with DPOAE technique.Results The DPOAE incidence in normal group and pseudo-anacousia group were 96.92% and 97% respectively,there were no significant difference in DPOAE incidence(P0.05).The DPOAE incidence in sensorineural hearing loss group was 18%,compared with normal group and pseudo-anacousia group,the DPOAE incidence were significantly lower(P0.001).Conclusion The study shows the DPOAE can be used as objective examination tool to distinguish pseudo-anacousia.


Recent object re-identification (Re-ID) approaches tend to use heavy models (e.g., ResNet-50 or ResNet-101) to guarantee performance, which requires massive computations. Although knowledge distillation (KD) methods can be applied to learn light student models from heavy teacher models, numerous existing KD research has shown that significant architectural differences between students and teachers prevent students from achieving good accuracy. For that, we propose a joint distillation and pruning (JDP) method to learn teacher-like and light (TLL) students for object Re-ID. Given a heavy teacher, JDP applies a student that holds the same overall architecture but a tiny local adjustment. Specifically, we design a pruner-convolution-pruner (PCP) block to replace a K × K convolutional layer of the student network. The pruner is a 1 × 1 convolutional layer and initialized identity matrices to maintain the original output. During the student training phase, the student is jointly supervised by the KD loss and group LASSO loss functions. The KD loss function promotes the student to learn knowledge from the teacher. The group LASSO loss function enforces pruners to realize the channel sparsity for filtering unimportant channels. A PCP block can be simplified into a light convolutional layer during the testing phase since multiple linearly convolutional layers in series can be equivalently merged into one convolutional layer. As a result, a TLL student is acquired. Extensive experiments show that our JDP method has superiority in terms of accuracy and computations, e.g., on the VeRi-776 dataset, given the ResNet-101 as a teacher, our TLL student saves 80.00% parameters and 78.52% FLOPs, while the mAP only drops by 0.17%.


Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) has emerged as one of the leading causes of transfusion-related morbidity and mortality and is undoubtedly under diagnosed. It is a serious pulmonary syndrome that can lead to death if not recognised and treated promptly. The diagnosis of TRALI is based primarily upon clinical signs and symptoms and is, in part, a diagnosis of exclusion.


The pyridine containing decidedly resourceful Pd–N-heterocyclic carbene complex, PEPPSI-SONO-SP2, is being used as a first class catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura and Sonogashira cross coupling reactions. The catalyst showed a great performance in the consecutive reactions of 4-(4′,6′-dichloro-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)morpholine with various boronic acids and terminal acetylenes under mild and green conditions (ethanol:water) even in the absence of a blanket of inert atmosphere. Significantly, all the synthesized compounds were found to be new and the catalyst is used for the first time in these reactions. The findings suggest that 0.1 mol% of catalyst is sufficient, recyclable and can be reused for six cycles.


A method is provided, which comprises at least one other vehicle data setting device indicating the calculated vehicle from outside the vehicle. The vehicle may include a sensor configured to detect the vehicle environment. At least one other vehicle may comprise at least one sensor. The method further comprises determining at least one of said at least a possibility of interference between the sensor and the sensor of the vehicle to other vehicles. The method further comprises determining in response to the sensor to initiate the adjustment of the sensor and to reduce the possibility of a vehicle at least the at least one sensor of the interference between the other vehicle.


The ruin probability of an insurance company is a central topic in risk theory. We consider the classical Poisson risk model when the claim size distribution and the Poisson arrival rate are unknown. Given a sample of inter-arrival times and corresponding claims, we propose a semiparametric estimator of the ruin probability. We establish properties of strong consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator and study bootstrap confidence bands. Further, we present a simulation example in order to investigate the finite sample properties of the proposed estimator.


This paper examines the relationship between brand-building, patriotism and the love of home. Taking Hong Kong as a case study for its observations it argues that, in the context of the transfer of sovereignty in 1997, and, more recently, in the light of the 2003 and 2004 July demonstrations against Article 23, and the 2004 debate on patriotism in the SAR (Special Administrative Region), that corporate and state organised versions of love of country do not capture the complex emotional relationship between home and resident. The suggestion of this paper is that love of (home) place is more apparent in the passionate contingencies of cinematic narrative, and in the actions of residents, than in the structures of loyalty managed by government and its agencies. It remarks that the patriotism debate which was somewhat in evidence in late 2003 but which took off in earnest in 2004 when Beijing and Beijingoriented politicians called for a Hong Kong where only 'patriots' could enter the legislature did not account for the demonstrated love of place which had been evident at least to an outside eye in several instances over the previous twelve months. Beijing's political unwillingness to accept that love of country (national patriotism) might be complicated, although not necessarily undermined, both by local place-loyalties and by democratic aspirations shows the division between the political imagination of the state and the heterogeneous forms of love which citizens owe to place and people and local histories. This paper takes the position that political loyalty to a state-led agenda does not measure the limits of passionate attachment.


Forecasting estimates of the volume and composition of the population's spending and consumption fall into two major categories. One of them is based on the processing of data on the dynamics of money incomes on the whole as well as of spending on goods and services. This category is used to determine trends toward change in the volume and structure of consumer demand (for various goods and services) for a more or less extended period (10-15 years). The other category is based on the processing of data characterizing individual structural subdivisions in the population's money incomes and outlays. Most frequently, budget statistics data are used for this purpose. These data are used to establish changes in consumer choice by individual groups of the population — classified on the basis of their income level — as a result of increases in their money incomes. When the data on the population's money incomes and spending on various goods (or services) are processed for these various groups, the result is a picture of the volume and structure of consumption.


Omaezallene derivatives (nor‐bromoallene, nor‐bromodiene, and bromoenynes) were successfully synthesized. Their antifouling activity and toxicity to the cypris larvae of the barnacle Amphibalanus amphitrite and ecotoxicity to the marine crustacean Tigriopus japonicus were studied. It was revealed that the two side chains of omaezallene were essential to its antifouling activity because the activities of nor‐bromoallene and nor‐bromodiene were significantly diminished. The bromoenyne was found to exhibit potent antifouling activities comparable to omaezallene with low toxicity and ecotoxicity. Preparation of bromoenyne framework is much easier than that of bromodiene moiety in omaezallene. Based on the antifouling activities of the bromoenynes, the synthesis of fluorescent probes and evaluation of their biological activities were also carried out.


The differential geometry method was applied to the rigid body dynamics efficiently in recent years.However,its calculating process is complicated in practical application.The author applies the inverse system method to rigid body dynamics system and designs a controller of the Euler dynamic equations.The progressive tracking of the motion of a rigid body is realized by controlling the two rotors in it.


An electric power steering apparatus (10) comprising: a motor (82) for generating an auxiliary torque according to a steering torque; a rack and pinion mechanism (32) for a steering system, wherein the rack and pinion mechanism comprising a rack gear and a pinion; and a reduction gear mechanism (110) for transmitting the auxiliary torque to the rack and pinion mechanism, wherein the pinion (33) and the rod teeth (34) of the rack and pinion mechanism are both helical gears, the pinion having a helix angle (θ), which is set smaller than a friction angle (ρ) of the helical gear, one of the helical gears having a tooth profile in which at least one tooth tip surface (33f, 34a) thereof is a circular arc which (Pi) is generally centered on a Referenzabwalzlinie, and the other of the helical gears having a tooth profile in which at least one Zahnfusflache (33g, 34b) of which is a circular arc which (Pi) is generally centered on the Referenzabwalzlinie.


Central ossifying fibroma is a rare slow growing destructive benign fibro-osseous tumor. It is typically found in craniofacial bones, frequently involving the mandible. The present case showed maxillary involvement, which is a very unique site of occurrence. It occurs more commonly in women in fourth decade of life. A correlation between clinical and radiographical and histopathological features is a key to establish diagnosis.


Glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) and scanning electron microscopy + energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM + EDS) are used for studying the microchemistry of the long‐term corrosion products, i.e. the patina, on archaeological high‐tin leaded bronzes used by Romans, most likely as mirrors. The results show that via GDOES it is possible to obtain reliable and detailed elemental composition–depth profiles for the corrosion products of the patina and for the bulk chemical composition of the bronzes that are in good agreement with the microchemical features obtained via SEM + EDS. The results provide good insight into the corrosion layers, showing copper and lead selective corrosion and depletion phenomena leading to the formation of a complex microchemical structure and, further, showing clearly the interaction between the inorganic and organic constituents of the soil, such as iron, silicon and phosphorus, in contact with the corrosion products grown on the bronzes. Finally, the results show that GDOES, with its ability of routine and rapid analysis of layers of thickness up to 150 µm, in combination with SEM + EDS, has significant potential in studies of the corrosion products for the restoration and conservation of ancient high‐tin leaded bronzes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


A significant amount of literature is available on the various techniques available for generating an active classroom: publications have advocated the use of group problem solving, peer instruction, in-class demonstrations, body-centered talk, and more. While the benefits of these individual methodologies have been documented, relatively little literature is available on how to best combine these components into a synergistic active learning environment. This is an important issue for foundational classes such as Statics–a course in which physical intuition is developed and utilized over the course of one's career. This paper describes the creation and components of a hybrid learning environment in a Statics course where a variety of pedagogies were implemented. Notable activities included the use of an interactive online textbook, peer instruction, in-class group problem solving sessions, video examples, and instructor led numeric problems. To investigate the effectiveness of the course, and where applicable the individual contributions of unique activities, a number of feedback mechanisms were implemented over the duration of the course. These mechanisms included isomorphic questions to measure the effectiveness of peer instruction, the use of concept inventory exams to measure student learning gains, and a variety of periodically distributed surveys to measure student satisfaction with the individual course components. Findings are presented along with recommendations for how to improve the hybrid course structure.


Peripheral artery disease (PAD) typically refers to atherosclerotic vascular disease, primarily affecting the arteries of the lower extremities. Despite being one of the three major manifestations of atherosclerosis (the others being coronary artery disease and cerebrovascular disease), PAD remains under-appreciated, under-recognized and under-treated. Contemporary estimates suggest that the global prevalence of PAD approaches up to 236 million patients affected and these numbers are expected to rise with an aging demographic.


Background: Asthma is the most common chronic disease of childhood and adolescents worldwide that can result in variable restriction in the physical, emotional and social aspects of the patient's life.The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of asthma stimulants modifying education program on the attitude of adolescents with asthma.Materials and Methods: This study was based on pretest-posttest control group design. A sample of 60 adolescents from 12 to 18 years of age participated in the study. Groups were assigned randomly to intervention and control groups. Measurement of child's attitude toward illness scale (Austin and Huberty,1993) was collected prior to intervention and five weeks post intervention in both groups. The intervention group received the asthma stimulants education program and followed up by telephone. Data Analysis was conducted with SPSS 13.0. Descriptive analysis (i.e. Chi-square and t-tests) were used.Results: The difference in scores of pre and post changes of the child's attitude toward illness between the two groups showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The changes resulted from the education-modification intervention of asthma triggers, was significant (P˂0.001), and the mean difference of changes in the two groups was 1.87.Conclusion: This type of educational intervention to adjust stimulants has the potential to improve the attitude toward illness in adolescents with asthma.  Promoted attitude by educating adolescents about modifying asthma triggers can empower them to control the disease and reduce the participation of parents.


To establish the extent to which participants in the WA methadone treatment program used opiates, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, cocaine and amphetamines, and to define the pattern of such use over time. In addition, the relationships between methadone daily dose and the use of the various drug groups was examined.


The gross photosynthesis and respiration rates of leaves at different canopy depths in a Kandelia candel (L.) Druce stand were measured monthly over 2 yr. The maximum gross photosynthesis and dark respiration rates of the leaves existing at the top of the canopy were respectively 2 to 4 times and 2 to 7 times those of the bottom leaves throughout the year. The maximum gross photosynthesis and dark respiration rates showed positive correlations with leaf nitrogen content. Daily canopy gross photosynthesis and respiration showed apparent seasonal changes. The annual canopy gross photosynthesis, canopy respiration and surplus production were estimated as 102.9 ± 1.5, 44.0 ± 2.1 and 58.9 ± 0.6 (SE) t CO 2 ha -1 yr -1 , respectively. The energy efficiency for the annual gross photosynthesis was 2.4 ± 0.1 (SE) %. Optimum leaf area index (LAI) for annual surplus production was 4.54 m 2 m -2 , which was almost the same as the actual LAI of 4.50 m 2 m -2 . The neglect of seasonal changes in the physiological traits of leaves resulted in estimates that were 65 to 125% of the annual surplus production. The relationship of gross primary production (GPP) to the product of LAI and warmth index (WI) was similar to those established for various types of terrestrial forests in perhumid climates.


In life, Ozu Yasujiro was the most respected of Japanese film directors; in death he has become revered as the essential Japanese filmmaker. This status in Japan is explained by the manner in which Ozu so completely captured the texture of Japanese daily life. In the West, Ozu occupies a similar position of primacy among Japanese directors, not for the essence of Japanese dailiness that infuses his films but for how he is seen as an implicit cinematic modernist, a filmmaker whose practice completely diverges from the dominant style promulgated by the mainstream American cinema as a function of Hollywood's domination of the international film world. This status in the United States owes as much to the works of University of Wisconsin film scholar David Bordwell as to the intrinsic merits of Ozu's cinema. Whereas Donald Richie set the tone for Ozu scholarship in English (as he and Joseph L. Anderson did for the Japanese cinema in general in the West), it has been Bordwell's project to set the standard of Ozu criticism, to examine virtually every aspect of Ozu's films in an attempt to analyze what they do and understand how they work.


The development of campus volleyball has positive influence in cultivating the talented players and developing the volleyball sports.Through using the method of literature review,questionnaire and interview,this paper makes survey on middle school volleyball development in Yueyang city.The result shows that the development of volleyball sports in Yueyang city is not ideal,lack of teaching space,teaching equipment "adult";lack of special physical education teachers.It is difficult to assume a system of teaching and training.Fewer Classes makes it difficult to achieve the teaching requirements and goals.


Since the total number of flight movements increases annually, existing capacity restraints at airports are expected to worsen and new restraints will arise considering the air traffic demand and current airport infrastructure. In this context, the current airport operations have to be significantly optimized using the given infrastructure and new airport operational strategies have to be developed regarding to the ambitious targets of Europe's Flightpath 2050 and the associated Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda of the ACARE organization. To evaluate the performance of the airport operations reliable, quantifiable and resilient Key Performance Indicators are required. In the context of air traffic, performance is primarily characterized by the amount of flight movements, handled aircrafts on ground, delays in operations and passengers operated. The objective of our research is to derive a consolidated set of Key Performance Indicators, primary focuses the airport air‐side operations, which will allow both a comprehensive view of the airport system and an efficient, holistic and performance based management of the day of operations enabled by real‐time measurements and model‐based predictions for the future system states. To meet this challenge, factors with relevant impact on the airport air‐side performance are identified, clustered and evaluated to derive reasonable Key Performance Indicators. Ten Key Performance Indicators are identified, which are evaluated by twelve associated Performance Indicators. The derived Key Performance Indicators enable an early recognition of occurring deviations/disturbances in the airport operations (situational awareness, monitoring) and are the fundamental basis to develop new controlling strategies aiming at an efficient, performance based airport management. The knowledge about upcoming airport system states (e.g. negative events during the operation) allows the various stakeholders to cooperatively intervene on a medium‐term basis looking for reliable, cost effective strategies reducing the expected negative impacts.


A big challenge in cell culture is the non‐natural environment in which cells are routinely screened, making in vivo phenomena, such as cell invasion, difficult to understand and predict. To study cancer cell invasion, extracellular matrix (ECM) analogs with decoupled mechanical and chemical properties are required. Hyaluronic acid (HA)‐based hydrogels crosslinked with matrix‐metalloproteinase (MMP)‐cleavable peptides are developed to study MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cell invasion. Hydrogels are synthesized by reacting furan‐modified HA with bismaleimide peptide crosslinkers in a Diels–Alder click reaction. This new hydrogel takes advantage of the biomimetic properties of HA, which is overexpressed in breast cancer, and eliminates the use of nonadhesive crosslinkers, such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The crosslink (mechanical) and ligand (chemical) densities are varied independently to evaluate the effects of each parameter on cell migration. Increased crosslink density correlates with decreased MDA‐MB‐231 cell invasion whereas incorporation of MMP‐cleavable sequences within the peptide crosslinker enhances invasion. Increasing the ligand density of pendant GRGDS groups induces cell proliferation, but has no significant impact on invasion. By independently tuning the mechanical and chemical environment of ECM mimetic hydrogels, a platform is provided that recapitulates variable tissue properties and elucidates the role of the microenvironment in cancer cell invasion.


This paper attempts to examine the factors affecting the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Malaysia. It investigates three major factors (social, economy and environment). Thirteen States and two Federal Territories of Malaysia were considered; and the data for the attributes of each major factor are derived from the official reports from the Department of Statistics Malaysia. Meanwhile, the infection rate and mortality rate of COVID-19 cases were obtained from the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Using non-parametric statistical approach, the several interesting results are identified. Firstly, for the social factor, we found that the percentage of non-citizens has a positive relationship with both COVID-19 infection rate and mortality rate. Further, the number of students per teacher have a positive relationship with COVID-19 infection rate. Second, in terms of the economy factor, primary industry has a negative relationship with COVID-19 infection rate. Third, in the matter of social factor, it is found that population density and percentage of high-rise residential unit are positively related with COVID-19 infection rate. The result from this study can provides an insight for policymakers to understand factors contribute on the spread and severity of COVID-19 to informing better mitigation policy and control measures.


According as internet and computer technology develops, the amount of information has increased exponentially, arising from a variety of web authoring tools and is a new web standard of appearance and a wide variety of web content accessibility as more convenient for the web are produced very quickly. However, web documents are put out on a variety of topics divided into some blocks where each of the blocks are dealing with a topic unrelated to one another as well as you can not see with contents such as many navigations, simple decorations, advertisements, copyright. Extract only the exact area of the web document body to solve this problem and to meet user requirements, and to study the effective information. Later on, as the reconstruction method, we propose a web search system can be optimized systematically manage documents.


protruding out of the tube to facilitate removal at a later stage. The Healon GV was partially removed, and a bolus injection of intracameral cefazolin (1mg in 0.1ml solution) was given. The paracenteses were hydrated, and the eye was padded at the end of the surgery. On review, there was a resolution of hypotony and choroidal effusion. The second patient had a rise in intraocular pressure 4days after the stenting, which settled with medical management. The end result in bothpatientswas stable intraocular pressurewith deep anterior chambers; stent removal was not required. In conclusion, stenting of the glaucoma drainage devices tube using Supramid suture appears to be an effective option in the treatment of late hypotony that can occur with these glaucoma drainage devices. It would be particularly useful in patients with reduced aqueous production. In the event of increased intraocular pressure, removal of the stent would be simple and could be carried out under topical anaesthesia. This simple stenting procedure of managing hypotony is more advantageous than the existing alternative management of exposing the drainage plate and tying the tube externally, which requires more manipulation. Further observational studies on a larger number of patients would aid in determining the safety and efficacy of this procedure.


This course is designed to introduce the entry-level physical therapy student to the theory, design, function, and application of prosthetic and orthotic appliances for both the lower and upper extremity. In addition, the physical therapist's role in the management of patients who utilize lower extremity prostheses, lower extremity orthoses, and spinal orthoses will be discussed. Information regarding the fabrication and fitting of hand and wrist splints will also be presented.


We propose a new framework for estimating different frequencies in piece-wise periodic signals with time varying amplitude and phase. Through a 3-dimensional delay embedding of the introduced model, we construct a union of intersecting planes where each plane corresponds to one frequency. The equations of each of these planes only depend on the associated frequency, and are used to calculate the tone in each segment. A sparse subspace clustering technique is utilized to find the segmentation of the data, and the points in each cluster are used to compute the normal vectors. In the presence of white Gaussian noise, principal component analysis is used to robustly perform this computation. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.


Abstract In the wake of the South African war, the indenture and transport of over 63,000 Chinese men to gold mines in the Transvaal sparked a rush to supply smoking opium to a literally captive market. Embroiled in a growing political economy of mass intoxication, state lawmakers shifted official policy from prohibition to provision. Their innovation of an industrial drug maintenance bureaucracy, developed on behalf of mining capital in alliance with organized pharmacy and medicine, ran counter to local trends of policy reform and represents a unique episode for broader histories of modern narcotics regulation. This article considers the significance of this case and chronicles the contradictory interests and ideologies that informed political scrambles over legitimate opium uses, users, and profiteers. It shows how the state maintained its provision policy, for as long as it proved expedient, against varied and mounting public pressures – local and international – for renewed drug suppression. The argument here is that the state managed an epidemic of addiction on the Rand as an extraordinary problem of demography. It achieved this both through redefining smoking opium from intoxicant to mine medicine and through the legal construction of a 'special biochemical zone', which corresponded with the exceptional status and spatial segregation of a despised alien labour force.


Thirty years after Hannah Arendt's death, the author is considered one of the best political theorists of the 20th century. Hannah Arendt main contribution to political theory is her concept of action and its role in the redefinition of the political realm, in particular, the way it has inserted the idea of new beginning into modern politics. Many authors have already pointed out the Athenian inspiration of Hannah Arendt's concept of the political. In this article, it is shown that Hannah Arendt has been inspired not only by the Greek tradition but also by a Roman tradition concern with the issue of institutionalization of political action. However, the text shows that both dimensions instead of being complementary stand in a tension within her oeuvre and that this tension only finds a partial solution in the Arendtian writings on the American revolution.


Nitrate has been identified as a major pollutant in water resources. In this study, two new adsorbents, namely, red local montmorillonite (RLM) and green local montmorillonite (GLM) were used as adsorbents, and their characteristics and performance in nitrate adsorption has been investigated. The most important factors in the adsorption process such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time and initial concentration of nitrate were investigated. Also, EDAX, BET, SEM and FTIR techniques were used to determine adsorbent characteristics. The results showed that the highest nitrate adsorption for both adsorbents obtained at low pH values, and removal efficiency increased by increasing the dosage and contact time and decreased by increasing the initial concentration of nitrate. EDAX technique showed that the amount of MgO in GLM and RLM were 2.6 and 1.4 respectively, indicating a double amount of MgO in GLM structure. MgO can have a very important role in nitrate adsorption but BET technique showed that the specific surface area of RLM is more than GLM. Overall results showed that the adsorption capacities of GLM and RLM were relatively high and the values were 89.2 and 87.7 mg/g, respectively. High adsorption capacity can nominate two new adsorbents for nitrate adsorption. Adsorption process followed the Langmuir isotherm and the experimental data followed the pseudo second-order kinetic. Also, the results of thermodynamic experiments showed that the adsorbing reaction for both adsorbents was exothermic and they occurred spontaneously.


A small molecule vascular disrupting agent, with potential antimitotic and antineoplastic activities. Rosabulin binds to tubulin in a similar manner as colchicine and inhibits microtubule assembly. This results in the disruption of the cytoskeleton of tumor endothelial cells, ultimately leading to cell cycle arrest and blockage of cell division. By destroying proliferating vascular cells, blood flow to the tumor is reduced and eventually leads to a decrease in tumor cell proliferation.


A project to establish a working diagnosis of the collections of public libraries in the Girona area (Catalonia, Spain) belonging to the Public Library Service of Catalonia is described. The resources and tools used by libraries in developing their collections were evaluated. A series of proposals for the optimization of collections in the public libraries in the Girona province is presented. The final objective was to allow both central services and libraries of different sizes and resources to manage their collections in a more rational and coordinated way. The project was carried out thanks to a scholarship granted by the Girona province government.


Diffusion models simulate the propagation of influence in networks. The design and evaluation of diffusion models has been subjective and empirical. When being applied to a network represented by a graph, the diffusion model generates a sequence of edges on which the influence flows, such sequence forms a temporal network. In most scenarios, the statistical properties or the characteristics of a network are inferred by analyzing the temporal networks generated by diffusion models. To analyze real temporal networks, the motif has been proposed as a reliable feature. However, it is unclear how the network topology and the diffusion model affect the motif feature of a generated temporal network. In this paper, we adopt the motif feature to evaluate the temporal graph generated by a diffusion model, thence the diffusion model itself. Two benchmarks for quantitively evaluating diffusion models with motif, stability and separability, are proposed and measured on numerous diffusion models. One motif-based metric is proposed to measure the similarity between diffusion models. The experiments suggest that the motif of a generated temporal network is dominated by the diffusion model, while the network topology is almost ignored. This result indicates that more practical and reliable diffusion models have to be designed with delicacy in order to capture the propagation patterns of real temporal networks.


This study is to clarify that the job-embeddedness perceived by event workers has influence on their organizational commitment, satisfaction and turnover intention. This study`s survey consisted of 277 event workers in Seoul etc. shows the results in the below. First, this study show that the sacrifice of the job-embeddedness is positively related to the job commitment and the fitness and sacrifice of the job-embeddedness are positively related to the job satisfaction. Second, job commitment is negatively related to the turnover intention. Third, the job satisfaction is not significant to turnover intention. Forth, the fitness and sacrifice of the job-embeddedness are negatively related to the turnover intention.


At some point in their lives, almost half the Australian population experiences a mental illness that can affect how they think and feel, their relationships, and their social and economic status (Department of Health and Ageing 2012). They can be uniquely vulnerable to disaster risks because of these symptoms, widespread stigma, their reliance on health services, or their social and economic marginalisation. The South Australia Department of Communities and Social Inclusion Vulnerable Persons project (2013) identified that including this group in future capacity-building programs was a high priority. However, very little is known about the unique needs of people experiencing a mental illness during emergencies, nor about interventions that can increase their resilience to natural disasters. In an exploratory study of five households during the 2014 bushfires in South Australia, those who experienced a more severe illness that effected their social connections and income were more vulnerable. Carers with multiple responsibilities were also more vulnerable. However, those who had a realistic assessment of bushfire risk (similar to the wider population) and had access to bushfire safety information were better prepared physically and psychologically. The interviews suggest that bushfire safety was helped by early evacuation to calming places, audio-visual materials and face-to-face education on bushfire safety, and community connections.


Extra lobar intra-abdominal anomalies of accessory pulmonary tissue are very rare, with an incidence of 0.02% and have been classified as 'bronchopulmonary foregut malformations'. Neuroblastoma is the most common solid tumor, accounting for about 30-50 per cent of tumors evident during the neonatal period. In a 37 year-old woman, abdominal ultrasound screening of the fetus at 20 weeks' gestation showed a tumor of both cystic and solid consistency located above the left kidney. This tumor was suspected to be fetal neuroblastoma. Surgical exploration one week after delivery revealed an intra-abdominal pulmonary sequestration with associated elements of cystic adenomatoid malformation. Although intra-abdominal pulmonary sequestration with associated elements of cystic adenomatoid malformation is a rare malformation, it should be included as a differential diagnosis when an intraabdominal tumor mass is identified on a fetal ultrasound examination.


The invention discloses an MODBUS protocol converter and an ultrasonic water meter detection system and method. The MODBUS protocol converter comprises a single chip microcomputer, a USB to serial port circuit, a communication address circuit, a drive circuit, a downstream communication interface, an RS-232/485 switching circuit and an upstream communication interface. The single chip microcomputer is in bidirectional communication connection with the USB to serial port circuit, the input end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the output end of the communication address circuit, the output end of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the input end of the drive circuit, the output end of the drive circuit is connected with the downstream communication interface, and the downstream communication interface is in bidirectional communication connection with the single chip microcomputer. The single chip microcomputer is in bidirectional communication connection with the upstream communication interface through the RS-232/485 switching circuit. The enabled end of the upstream communication interface is connected with the output end of the drive circuit. The MODBUS protocol converter converts a massage frame of an SCL-61D ultrasonic water meter communication protocol into a message frame of an MODBUS protocol, and SCL-61D ultrasonic water meter data transmission is achieved.


A fracture analysis for a bolt of a hydraulic driven machine in an electrical hydraulic system was made by metallographic and fractrographic examination. The results showed that manufacturing defects of the bolt resulted in initiation and propagation of fatigue crack, and uneven loading of the bolt speeded up failure process of fatigue fracture. Prevention measures for fatigue fracture of the bolt were proposed.


In the Madras State, the plant Tephrosia noctiflora Bojer (Seemai kolingi) was introduced for trial purposes in 1954 and its performance studied in the various Agricultural Research Stations of the State. Based on the studies, the utility of the plant as a good green manure crop for South India has been discussed in this paper.


Correction: Due to an error in the online publication of this journal, the publication date of this issue was recorded as 2014. The publication date was corrected to 2015 on 3 rd September 2015. The date on the cover is correct. This paper focuses on Kenya's course of action to address the drug problem, specifically, treatment and rehabilitation of persons with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs). Treatment and rehabilitation of persons with SUDs was formally initiated in Kenya in 1978 and has grown since early 2000. Kenya national strategy on prevention, control and mitigation of drug and substance abuse in 2009 highlighted the essence of provision of quality, comprehensive and holistic care programmes to drug users and their immediate families. According to the 2009 - 2014 National Campaign Against Alcohol and Drug Abuse (NACADA's) strategic plan, there was a need to improve the overall legal framework on treatment of SUDs. Thus certification process and National Standards were established so that practices are consistent with international guidelines of services offered by treatment providers. To improve treatment and rehabilitation, one must ensure that the people who work in drug addiction related matters in Kenya are not only trained but also licensed to practice based on their level of education, training and supervised experience. This paper outlines the training, examination and certification of Kenyan service providers to provide standard and quality services to treat and rehabilitate SUDs. International Journal of Prevention and Treatment of Substance Use Disorders 2015;1(3-4):153-163


Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) expression is strongly correlated with the degree of human glioma malignancy and necessary for tumor formation in a mouse model of spontaneous astrocytomas. Yet, exactly how IL‐6 contributes to malignant progression of these brain tumors is still unclear. We have scrutinized the mechanism of transcriptional activation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by IL‐6 in the mouse brain and in glioblastoma cells. We demonstrate here that IL‐6 drives transcriptional upregulation of VEGF in astrocytes in vivo using glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐IL‐6/VEGF‐green fluorescent protein (GFP) double transgenic mice. We further show that IL‐6‐induced VEGF transcription and VEGF secretion by human glioblastoma cells is dependent on signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). By progressive 5′‐deletion analysis we defined the minimal VEGF promoter region for IL‐6‐responsiveness to nucleotides −88/−50. Surprisingly, this promoter region is rich in GC‐boxes and does not contain STAT3 binding elements. Electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays revealed binding of Sp1 and Sp3 to the −88/−50 element upon IL‐6 stimulation. Interestingly, preincubation with STAT3 antibody prevented the binding of Sp1 and Sp3 to the −88/−50 element, indicating that STAT3 is involved in IL‐6‐driven Sp1/Sp3 protein‐DNA complex formation. Physical interaction of STAT3 and Sp1 was demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation. The functional relevance of the STAT3/Sp1 association was corroborated by transient transfection experiments, which showed that overexpression of constitutively active STAT3 increased the minimal VEGF promoter activity. Taken together, our study suggests that IL‐6 promotes tumor angiogenesis in gliomas and describes a novel transcriptional activation mechanism for STAT3 in the context of a STAT3 binding element (SBE)‐free promoter. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Most theoretical work on analyzing plume spread- ing at the field scale in a partially saturated heterogeneous formation assumes weak stationarity of velocity field. While this assumption is not applicable to the case of a bounded flow domain, the nonstationarity in fluctuations of unsatu- rated velocity fields is induced through the presence of the boundary conditions in the flow domain. In this work, we attempt to quantify the large-time macrodispersion in non- stationary unsaturated velocity fields caused by the pres- ence of a fixed head boundary condition. Application of the perturbation-based nonstationary spectral approach leads to an analytical expression for the macrodispersion describ- ing the field-scale dispersive solute flux in terms of the statistical moments of two formation parameters: the Gar- dener's parameter ( ) and the saturated hydraulic conduc- tivity (Ks). The results predicted from the expression indi- cate that the enhanced unsaturated plume spreading can arise from a larger correlation scale of ln Ks or ln fields. In addi- tion, the -parameter takes the role in reducing the field-scale plume spreading.


In this paper, a quad-band, multi-standard, concurrent, low noise amplifier operating in the 0.9/1.8/2.45/3.5 GHz bands is presented. The amplifier design is based on an ultra low noise PHEMT transistor connected in the common source topology with inductive degeneration. The input matching network is based on a three-section, dual-band transformer. A feedback capacitor is inserted between the gate and source terminals allowing fractional bandwidths of 52% and 15% at the lower and higher bands, respectively. To enhance the fractional bandwidth and amplifier stability, small inductive source degeneration in the form of etched transmission lines on the substrate are implemented. Furthermore, a drain resistor is used to enhance the stability factor of the design without affecting the overall design noise figure. A triple notch filter is utilized at the output to implement the quad band operation. A small signal gain (S21) of 10.7, 9, 9.1, and 7.2 dB is obtained, and a corresponding noise figure of 0.9, 0.9, 1.1 and 1.2 dB is achieved in the four operation bands, respectively.