The velocities of compressional waves are reported to hydrostatic pressures of 30 kbar for pyroxenites, eclogites, and a dunite. The data above 10 kbar, when corrected for length changes, permit the determination of pressure coefficients of compressional wave velocities, which range from 0.010 km S-l kbar-1 in eclogite to 0.014 km S-l kbar-1 in pyroxenite. It is shown that pressure coefficients of velocity for rocks determined below 10 kbar are generally unreliable due to the influence of porosity. The pressure coefficient of velocity measured for the dunite agrees well with similar data from single-crystal olivine; however, pressure coefficients of velocity for the pyroxenites are significantly lower than measurements for singlecrystal bronzitc. In recent years considerable effort has gone into laboratory investigations of wave velocities and the related elastic properties of rocks and rock-forming minerals. Velocities foor a large variety of rocks have been reported to pressures of 10 kbar [e.g.,Birch, 1960; Simmons, 1964; Christensen, 1965]. Similarly, velocities in many single crystals and hot-pressed aggregates of geophysical importance have been studied to pressures of a few kilobars [e.g., Anderson et ai., 1968; Manghnani, 1969; Chung, 1971; Kumazawa and Anderson,1969'; Graham and Barsch, 1969]. The results of these studies are important to geophysics in that they provide data for the interpretation of seismic velocities within the earth in terms of chemical


A voltage controlled LC-oscillator (LC-VCO) has been designed in a 130 nm CMOS technology to cover a wide range of frequencies (1.0-2.0 GHz). With a 66 percent tuning range and a maximum KVCO of 240 MHz/V, it consumes 2.1 mW of power from a 1.2 V supply. An active inductor based noise-filter improves the phase-noise performance of the oscillator without much increase in the area. The oscillator phase-noise is -120 dBc/Hz at an offset of 1 MHz at a carrier frequency of 2 GHz. It can be used for cognitive radio and other wide-band and multi-band RF applications.


The objective of this research was studied smoke chicken meat processing and to
investegated exactly shelf-life of smoke chicken meat. Result of this study was hoped given
information to society producen of chiken meat and it's quality and shelf-life of chicken meat that
was stored at different temperature. The research method was determine shelf-life of smoke
chicken meat with approximately Arrhenius method, with experiment variable was stored
temperature at 8°C, 28°C and 38°C. Smoke chicken meat was packed in HDPE plastic bag with
vacuum condition, therefore, smoke chicken meat stored for 10 days at stored temperature above
and each interval time 2 days was conducted sampling and was analyzed water content, total
microorganism, total barbituric acid content, fat and protein content. The result of main research
indicated that smoke chicken meat that stored at different temperature for 10 days that calculated
by approximately Arrhenius method, given shelf-life of smoke chicken meat according to water
content it take 460 days if it stored at 8°C, shelf-life for 253 days at 28°C storage temperature and
if it stored at 38°C, shelf-life average for 213 days. According to total microorganism it take 614
days if it stored at 8°C, shelf-life for 469 days at 28°C storage temperature and if it stored at
38°C, shelf-life average for 419 days. According to total barbiturate acid it take 38 days if it
stored at 8°C, shelf-life for 27 days at 28°C storage temperature and if it stored at 38°C, shelf-life
average for 23 days.
Key Words: Smoked Chicken, Storage, Vacuum,


In this thesis, a Monte Carlo simulation is presented for radiative transfer
through free-form scattering materials. It is validated using diffusion theory
in the case of a slab and used to examine the effect of a corrugation on the slab.
The corrugation changes the angular distribution of transmitted light and the
total transmission.


The annotated bibliography in this chapter lists several dozen resources that have explored how to use principles of cognitive psychology to strengthen college-level pedagogy.


Background: There is still controversy regarding the appropriate operative procedure of distal radius fractures. We reviewed a method of fracture stabilization, which combines the advantages of open fixation and closed reduction. The method is less complex than regular K-wire osteosynthesis. The follow-up treatment is similar to plate osteosynthesis. Methods: Without using any drill-device long K-wires are placed percutaneously in the distal radius. The result of the particular wire-placement is an isoelastic tension in the opposite direction of the common redislocations. This enables an early functional treatment. We reviewed 45 patients and determined the Castaing-Score and the loss of correction. Results: 88.9% showed excellent or good results. The average loss of correction of 2.84° is recognizable lower than within regular K-wire osteosynthesis. Complications are rare and comparable to other closed-reduction procedures. Conclusions: The study confirms the theoretical advantages of the described method and we recommend this technique.


In this paper, we propose different complexity indicators for the well-known nurse scheduling problem (NSP). The NSP assigns nurses to shifts per day taking both hard and soft constraints into account. The objective is to maximize the nurses' preferences and to minimize the total penalty cost from violations of the soft constraints. The problem is known to be NP-hard. Due to its complexity and relevance in practice, the operations research literature has been overwhelmed by different procedures to solve the problem. The complexity has resulted in the development of several (meta-)heuristic procedures, able to solve a NSP instance heuristically in an acceptable time limit. The practical relevance has resulted in a never-ending amount of different NSP versions, taking practical, case-specific constraints into account. The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, we describe our complexity indicators to characterize a nurse scheduling problem instance. Secondly, we develop a NSP generator to generate benchmark instances to facilitate the evaluation of existing and future research techniques. Finally, we perform some preliminary tests on a simple IP model to illustrate that the proposed indicators can be used as predictors of problem complexity.


We present here a quantitative evaluation of two-photon photoemission as a probe for the conduction band of semiconductors and the dynamics of electrons in empty states. These states are populated optically, and the excited population is probed by photoemission along its return to equilibrium. The photoelectron flux is here proportional to the square of the photon flux, via a "two-photon yield". Because of its very low value, the excitation must be provided by high-intensity pulsed lasers and many parasitic phenomena (optical damage, heating, band filling…) had to be evaluated and avoided. Because of its incidence on data interpretation, the electronic structure (Fermi level, vacuum level, surface states, etc) of the surfaces under study, (111)Si and (100)InP, has also been determined in-situ. The quadratic flux law is then clearly checked, and the yield, its variation with photon energy, and the related energy and angular distributions of the photoelectrons are obtained. The microscopic process is discussed on the basis of the "three-step-model" oh photoemission. It is concluded that the actual process is indeed a succession of two optical absorptions which excite then probe an electron population in the conduction band. This population is observed either just after its excitation ("ballistic" electrons) or after its relaxation in a lateral valley, which yields information on the structure of the conduction band and the related densities of states and lifetimes. The influence of the state of the surface on these data reveals processes involving relaxations out of the lateral valley localized at the surface. These processes are correlated to the surface-localized recombination processes which are determined by parallel photoluminescence studies.


The gear that is used in various mechanical components occurs easily damages due to the repeated torque and the high oil temperature. The main failure mode of the gear is the surface deterioration with the tooth surface fatigue. Therefore, the life evaluation and the failure analysis of the gear were very important since it may cause fatal damage of entire gear box system. In this paper, the failure mechanism and the life of the gear were evaluated using the durability analysis simulator such as MSC. FATIGUE. Moreover, the reliability analysis model of the spur gear with the accelerated life testing technique was proposed.


It introduces the basic types,function and characters of garden and garden road,represents the planning principle and design points of garden road from the two aspects of the scale and density of garden road in garden and the layout of garden,sums up the problems should attention and obey in the planning and design process of garden road,to make the planning and design meet the need of science and norm.


A study shows that in the international negotiations on climate change in general and the negotiations concerning the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in particular, Australia has occupied the position of, at best, a reluctant partner and , at worst, a country whose engagement in little more that a naked defence of its coal and aluminum industries. The crisis over the future of the Kyoto Protocol, precipitated by its rejection by President George W. Bush of the United States, has placed Australia's position again under an international spotlight.


On the International symposium of speleotherapy (in Blansko,
2008) were presentated results of mineralogical and biological
research of moonmilk. The samples of moonmilk came from
selected caves in the Moravian Karst.


Objective To explore diagnosis and treatment of cough-variant asthma.Methods The data of 46 cases of cough variant asthma patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results The main symptom was chronic cough.Bronchodilation test was positive.inhaled bonchodilator agents and glucocorticoid showed good therapeutic effects.Conclusion Clinically the disease is not uncommon,but clinical manifestations are not typical.It is easy to be misdiagnosed and mistreated,we should be aware of this disease should be raised.


We describe kHz QPOs from the hydrodynamical model of accretion disks for LMXB systems. Out of the pair, the higher frequency originates due to the viscous effects of an accretion disk involving the formation of shock, while the lower one is due to the Keplerian motion of accreting matter. Comparing our results with observations for two fast rotating compact stellar candidates, namely, 4U 1636-53 and KS 1731-260, we find that they match to a very good approximation.


Many severe accidents occur in urban areas. As part of the research project UR:BAN this study investigated how different types of visual warnings can prevent collisions within these areas and trigger the adequate reaction in critical situations. For this, two different warning types were implemented in a head-up display. It was assumed that one of the warning types should trigger an immediate and firm brake reaction of the driver (stop sign warning) whereas the other type of warning should animate the driver to be cautious, for example by slightly pressing the brake pedal (caution sign warning). As collisions in urban areas are also very difficult for older drivers, differences of the effects of the two warning types between older and younger drivers on driver performance (numbers of collisions, brake reaction time, maximum braking value) were examined. For this, four urban scenarios were implemented in a static driving simulator varying the characteristics of the critical object (e.g., pedestrian, lead vehicle, obstacle). In total 72 drivers (36 participants aged 20-35 years, 36 participants aged 65+ years) were tested in a between-subjects design (Age, Type of Warning). The study revealed that the number of collisions was reduced when drivers were warned (especially for younger drivers) demonstrating the positive effect of these warning types in very critical scenarios. If the situation is not very critical, warnings did not reduce the numbers of collisions, since the total amount of collisions was very already very low. In critical scenarios older drivers prefer the stop sign warning (leading to a faster and stronger brake reaction) compared to younger participants. This group had the fastest and strongest brake reaction when receiving the caution sign warning. In less critical scenarios both warnings had a positive effect on the braking reaction times for both younger and older drivers. The strongest brake reaction here was reached (in both groups) when receiving the stop sign warning. This study demonstrates the importance of design thoroughness when wanting to achieve effective warnings.


Measurements were made, in dives to transonic speeds, of the static-pressure position error at a distance of one chord ahead of the McDonnell XF-88 airplane. The airplane incorporates a wing which is swept back 35 deg along the 0.22 chord line and utilizes a 65-series airfoil with a 9-percent-thick section perpendicular to the 0.25-chord line. The section in the stream direction is approximately 8-percent thick. Data up to a Mach number of about 0.97 were obtained within an airplane normal-force-coefficient range from about 0.05 to about 0.68. Data at Mach numbers above about 0.97 were obtained within an airplane normal-force-coefficient range from about 0.05 to about 0.68. Results of the measurements indicate that the static-pressure error, within the accuracy of measurement, is negligible from a Mach number of 0.65 to a Mach number of about 0.97. With a further increase in Mach number, the static-pressure error increases rapidly; at the highest Mach number attained in these tests (about M = 1.038), the error increases to about 8 percent of the impact pressure. Above a Mach number of about 0.975, the recorded Mach number remains substantially constant with increasing true Mach number; the installation is of no value between a Mach number of about 0.975 and at least 1.038, as the true Mach number cannot be obtained from the recorded Mach number in this range. Previously published data have shown that at 0.96 chord ahead of the wing tip of the straight-wing X-l airplanes, a rapid rise of position error started at a Mach number of about 0.8. In the case of the XF-88 airplane, this rise of position error was delayed, presumably by the sweep of the wing, to a Mach number of about 0.97.


Uses the neat absorption chamber to blow takes off ammonia nitrogen in the industrial wastewater,reaches as high as the 1500~2500mg/L waste water regarding the ammonia nitrogen density to obtain the good processing effect,in the temperature for 25℃,pH value of 10.5~11.0.3000~3500 when compared to gas-liquid ammonia stripping efficiency is more than 95%;And uses the foreword to approve the type active sludge processing craft,after may enable processing the water leakage to achieve the country completely "Integrated wastewater discharge standard"(GB8978-1996) level emissions standard.


Background Quercetin's antioxidative properties make it of potential benefit in many clinical conditions where oxidative stress is implicated in the pathological processes. Objectives To investigate the possible protective effects of quercetin on neurobehaviour, brain oxidative status, markers of inflammation, neurotransmitter balance and astrocyte immunoreactivity in healthy rats administered cyclophosphamide. Methods Sixty rats were randomly assigned into six groups (n=10). Groups A and D served as normal and cyclophosphamide control respectively and were fed standard rat chow, groups B and E were fed quercetin supplemented diet (100 mg/kg of feed), while those in groups C and F were fed quercetin supplemented diet at 200 mg/kg of feed. Animals in group A-C also received intraperitoneal normal saline on days 1 and 2, while those in groups D-F got intraperitoneal cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg/day on days 1 and 2). Standard diet and quercetin supplemented diet were administered daily for 21 days. At the end of the experimental period, behavioural tests were carried out, following which animals were sacrificed and blood taken for the assessment of biochemical parameters. Organs were either homogenised or processed for histological study. Results Quercetin mitigated CYP-induced weight loss and reduction in food consumption. It also improved total antioxidant capacity while reducing CYP-induced lipid peroxidation and biochemical markers of impaired liver function. A reduction in CYP-induced increase in urea and creatinine was also observed. Interleukin-10 increased, while the CYP-induced increase in interleukin-1 beta and TNF-α were also mitigated following quercetin administration. Open field exploratory activities and grooming increased with CYP and the lowest dose of quercetin. The anxiolytic effects of quercetin was demonstrable in the elevated plus maze; while its memory-enhancing effects were seen in the Y-maze and radial-arm maze. Finally, quercetin improved acetylcholine/dopamine levels and brain-derived neurotropic factor, while reducing serotonin levels and astrocyte immunoreactivity. Conclusion The results show quercetin's ability to protect against CYP-induced changes in rats. They also highlight the possible use of quercetin as a possible adjunct in cancer chemotherapy-induced tissue damage. However, further research will be needed to delineate its exact role in cancer chemotherapy.


Chronology of Wordsworth's Life and Works Sources and short forms of citation Wordsowrth on Poetry and Imagination Introduction Stephen Gill 1. Wordsworth: the shape of the poetic career Nicola Trott 2. Wordsworth's poetry to 1798 Duncan Wu 3. Poetry, 1798-1807: lyrical ballads and poems, in two volumes James A. Butler 4. The Prelude Lucy Newlyn 5. The Recluse Kenneth R. Johnston 6. Wordsworth and the meaning of taste Frances Ferguson 7. Wordsworth's craft Susan Wolfson 8. Gender and domesticity Judith Page 9. The philosophic poet Stephen Gill 10. Wordsworth and Coleridge Seamus Perry 11. Wordsworth and the natural world Ralph Pite 12. Politics, history, and the poems Nicholas Roe 13. Wordsworth and Romanticism Paul Hamilton 14. Wordsworth and America Joel Pace 15. Guide to further reading with a note on texts Keith Hanley Index.


According to the growth rate and "trough-trough" clasification, during the period 1951-2002 the fluctuation of Japan economy showed 11 cycles, which can be easily seen as three stages: the first to sixth cycle as fast growing period, the seventh to ninth cycle as steadily growing period, and tenth to eleventh cycle as slowly growing period. The waving of price had almost the same rhythm as the business cycle. The business cycle has begun to show new characteristics of coexistence of deflation and slow growth sine 1999.


The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a polycarbonate resin, stabilized by melt polymerization conditions and especially polymerized with a catalyst of a mixture of phosphonium Rani isopropylidene ammonium or phosphonium Rani isopropylidene ammonium salts and alkali metal or alkaline earth metal containing compound in reactivity is excellent, there is an effect that can be produced briefly and efficiently high molecular weight polycarbonate resin and maintaining excellent catalytic activity in the melt polymerization and solid-phase polymerization step.


The purpose is to explain to university management in Ghana how to use strategic relationship marketing stratagems (SRMS) to attain sustainable retention which is viewed from a sustained competitive arena.  A hypothetical model ("Susten Model") is provided to serve as a guide (which is yet to be subjected to intellectual scrutiny).  A cross-sectional survey was used with the help of a structured questionnaire. Data was collected from 500 respondents (senior members- both staff and non-teaching staff) and were examined through SmartPLS 3 and SPSS. The former was used to analyse the structural relationship of the variables while the latter was equally used for the descriptive analysis. The finding publicized that within the context of Ghana, universities can attain sustainable retention through the use of strategic relationship marketing stratagems if these stratagems are treasured as a strategic marketing resource. The phenomenon deserves further research because data were collected from some selected universities in these cities (Accra, Kumasi, and Cape Coast) in Ghana. Future research can expand on the database for empirical legitimacy. For retention sustainability, the SRMS advocates that management should have a conflict resolution chamber to resolve students' protests promptly, deliver first-class educational services and institute an effective and efficient educational communication system. These stratagems are competitively enhanced when management is well trusted, accessible, students are made to feel part of university management and finally, the conflict resolution mechanism is made to be swift. It underpins and advances the frame of information concerning relationship marketing by introducing this new concept "strategic relationship marketing."


Trends in technology are enhancing the future capability of devices to access the electromagnetic spectrum using the full range of dimensions associated with the spectrum. This increased capability to access the full spectrum "hyperspace" not only improves the ability of systems to use the spectrum but can also reduce interference and the adverse impact to system performance. This paper presents technical research into advanced adaptive techniques and identifies those parameters or characteristics where regulation and policy need to be reviewed. Fundamental to these new adaptive techniques is a behaviorbased approach to design and, possibly, policy. Consequently, this paper also presents a technical case study of one behavior-based approach, Dynamic Frequency Selection, that provides insight into the benefits and possible limitations of such approaches to cognitive radio design and policy.


The notion of "empowerment" features prominently in the contemporary discourse of international institutions on "participation of the poor" in development programs. This article traces the history of the word in the field of international development, namely its origins, influences, first appearances in feminist theories from the Global South and in radical activism in the 1980s, and its gradual institutionalization in the policy vocabulary of international development organizations. Along with its cooptation, empowerment has shifted course from its beginnings as a process of conscientization and grassroots political mobilization aimed at the radical transformation of inequitable political structures, to a vague and falsely consensual concept. It has come to assimilate power with individual and economic decision-making, de-politicize collective power, and is used to legitimize existing top-down development policies and programs.


In view of complicated air gaps and multiple electrodes inside the valve hall of converter station for ±800 kV UHVDC project,where multi important equipment are installed,the design of the valve hall is one of the important key points of ±800 kV UHVDC project,so it is of significance for the reasonable design of the valve hall to research the distribution and numerical value of overvoltage inside the valve hall.Based on simulation calculation of ±800 kV UHVDC power transmission system from Xiangjiaba to Shanghai,the simulation research on switching overvoltages under various fault conditions occurred in ±800 kV UHVDC transmission system is performed and summarized.Combining with the arrester layout as well as the air gap distribution,actual positions of voltage key points and their influencing spheres inside the high-end valve hall of Fulong converter station at the sending end of the UHVDC transmission system,the distribution of overvoltages inside the valve hall and their values at the most serious time are obtained.Simulation results show that overvoltages inside the valve hall do not appear at the same time,but concentratedly appear when some kinds of serious faults occur.


This work presents contributions to the methods for prediction of the alkali-aggregate reaction (AAR) using microwave technique to accelerate the formation of reaction products. For this purpose, three granitic aggregates from Sergipe (Northeastern Brazil) were used as reference for validation of the applicability of the technique. The selected experimental conditions have allowed rapid access to reactive mineral phases and formation of the reaction products. The results have showed that differences in reactive behavior of granitic aggregates are correlated to morphological aspects of quartz, as the presence of quartz subgrains and deformed quartz grains.


Due to the band gaps existed in photonic crystal,so long as the line defect is introduced into the complete two-dimensional photonic crystal,the original wave with particular wavelength in the forbidden band would spread along with the waveguide,and thus photonic crystal is of filtering functions. Point defect is then designed on one side of the waveguide,and FDID( Finite Difference Time Domain) analysis show that the light wave coupled out from the defect increases in strength and the full width at half maximum gets smaller. All these are in accord with the function of narrow-band filter. Additionally,based on the lattice constants of photonic crystal and the relation between radius of elliptical dielectric cylinder and central wavelength of narrow-band filter,and by adjusting the lattice constants and radius,the central wavelength of narrow-band filter may be altered.


Abstract : There were three directions to this study-theoretical modeling, collection and systemization of experimental data, and analysis of long-term variations in the Arctic Basin. The work with the experimental data included: (1) The creation of a new version of the Arctic basin Data Base. (2) The collection and preliminary analysis of the archive data on the water exchange through the Fram Strait. (3) A comparison of the heat content variability in the Atlantic layer in different oceanographic regions. (4) A comparison of salinity variations in the upper ocean layers in these regions.


ABSTRACT Dcw1p and Dfg5p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are homologous proteins that were previously shown to be involved in cell wall biogenesis and to be essential for growth. Dcw1p was found to be a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane protein. To investigate the roles of these proteins in cell wall biogenesis and cell growth, we constructed mutant alleles of DCW1 by random mutagenesis, introduced them into a Δdcw1 Δdfg5 background, and isolated a temperature-sensitive mutant, DC61 (dcw1-3 Δdfg5). When DC61 cells were incubated at 37°C, most cells had small buds, with areas less than 20% of those of the mother cells. This result indicates that DC61 cells arrest growth with small buds at 37°C. At 37°C, fewer DC61 cells had 1N DNA content and most of them still had a single nucleus located apart from the bud neck. In addition, in DC61 cells incubated at 37°C, bipolar spindles were not formed. These results indicate that DC61 cells, when incubated at 37°C, are cell cycle arrested after DNA replication and prior to the separation of spindle pole bodies. The small buds of DC61 accumulated chitin in the bud cortex, and some of them were lysed, which indicates that they had aberrant cell walls. A temperature-sensitive dfg5 mutant, DF66 (Δdcw1 dfg5-29), showed similar phenotypes. DCW1 and DFG5 mRNA levels peaked in the G1 and S phases, respectively. These results indicate that Dcw1p and Dfg5p are involved in bud formation through their involvement in biogenesis of the bud cell wall.


Theory of analytic first-order properties is formulated in a basis set independent way using the first-quantized many-body perturbation theory. This formulation allows the correlation effects to be described with explicitly correlated basis sets. The basis of Gaussian geminals is employed to calculate the second- and third-order correlation corrections to the lowest multipole moments of the H2 and LiH molecules. The same formalism is also utilized to compute the intra-atomic correlation contribution to the first-order interaction energy for the helium dimer. The results compare favorably with the literature data obtained using the conventional, orbital basis approach.


CAU 568 is a grouping of sites where there has been a suspected release of contamination associated with nuclear testing. This document describes the planned investigation of CAU 568, which comprises the following corrective action sites (CASs): • 03-23-17, S-3I Contamination Area • 03-23-19, T-3U Contamination Area • 03-23-20, Otero Contamination Area • 03-23-22, Platypus Contamination Area • 03-23-23, San Juan Contamination Area • 03-23-26, Shrew/Wolverine Contamination Area These sites are being investigated because existing information on the nature and extent of potential contamination is insufficient to evaluate and recommend corrective action alternatives (CAAs). Additional information will be obtained by conducting a corrective action investigation before evaluating CAAs and selecting the appropriate corrective action for each CAS. The results of the field investigation will support a defensible evaluation of viable CAAs that will be presented in the investigation report.


Most historical discussions of Arrow-Debreu general equilibrium theory discuss the negative impact of the so-called Sonnenschein-Mantel-Debreu (SMD) results on aggregate excess demand functions. This paper argues that the SMD results were a natural extension of the integrability literature of the period 1959-71 - something that has not been recognized in the historical literature - and considers some of the implications of this for the history of modern economic thought.


REFERENCES [1] G. Zizak – Flame Emission Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and Application. Lecture given at the ICS Training Course on Laser Diagnostics of Combustion Processes, NILES, Un. of Cairo, Egypt, Nov. 2000. [2] N. Docquier and S. Candel, Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 28,107-150, 2002 [3] A. G. Gaydon. Flame Structure and Reaction Processes. The Spectroscopy of Flames, John Wiley and Sons, New York, Chap. 5, 266-273, 1974. [4] D. S. Dandy and S. R. Vosen , Combust. Sci. Tech.,82, 131, 1992. [5] J. M. Samaniego, F. N. Egolfopoulos, and C. T. Bowman, Combust. Flame, 109,183, 1995. [6] O. Farias and P. Ngendakumana, Bull. Soc. Chim. Belg., 105, 545, 1996. [7] K. Devriendt and J. Peeters, J. Phys. Chem., 101 ,2546, 1990. [8] C. A. Bertran, C. S. T.Marques and L. H. Benvenutti, Comb. Sci. Tech., 139, 1, 1998. [9] K. T. Walsh, M. B. Long, M. A. Tanoff and M. D. Smooke, Proc. Combust. Inst. ,27, 615, 1998. [10] S.T. M. Marques, L. H. Benvenutti and C. A. Bertran, Comb. Sci. Tech.,167, 163, 2001. [11] C. Izarra, J. Phys. D: appl. Phys, 33, 1697, 2000. [12] L. R. Santos, M. E. Sbampato, L. G. Barreta, A. M. Santos, H. V. Linnert, to be published. INTRODUCTION When energy is supplied to a body in particular forms such as heat or electrical discharges, the body restores part of this energy in the form of electromagnetic radiation. The analysis of this radiation as function of its wavelength is called an emission spectrum. Applied emission techniques can provide valuable insights into many flame processes. This is important in a variety of contexts, but it must always be remembered that emission techniques, when applied in the ultraviolet and visible part of the spectrum, are of peripheral interest for the analysis of major flame processes. Nonetheless there have been many interesting studies of the structure of the flame emissions and there is a substantial body of literature. Moreover emission spectroscopy techniques are line-of-sight techniques and different parts of the flame such as the primary and secondary combustion zones and the interzonal region, are observed. These radiation components are difficult to be separated and the observed spectrum cam be difficult to be interpreted. Therefore some caution should be used in applying emission spectroscopy for flame diagnostics, but properly employed the technique can be quite useful [1]. The light emitted by the flame may be used to monitor and control combustion [2].Several phenomena contribute to the light emission process. Discrete emission spectra in the UV-visible range (chemiluminescence) correspond to electronically excited species produced in the chemical reactions in the flame: A + B → C + D* This chemically excited radicals or molecule D* may be destroyed by spontaneous emission (D∗ →D + hν) or collisional quenching (D* + M → D + M). Chemiluminescence corresponds to the spontaneous emission of photons (hν = E2 –E1 with E2 the energy of the excited state and E1 the energy of the final state). This emission generally takes place in the UV or visible range. Each molecule or radical produced in an excited state is responsible for a particular spectrum, witch is related to its quantum properties, and can be identified. The radiative decay of excited species as the (0,0) band transitions of OH (A2∑ →X2Π), CHO (A2Π→X2A ́), CH (A2∆→Χ2∏) and C2 (A3∏→X3Π) are mainly responsible for the chemiluminescence observed in the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels [3], however, the chemical processes of excited species formation has not yet been definitely established. Very little attention has been directed in recent studies to the formation of excited species [4 – 10]. In this work, the spectra of the natural chemiluminescence of the OH* radical in ethanol/oxygen flame was detected and compared with that simulated with LIFBASE software to estimate the temperature. This method was used by Izarra [11] to measure plasma temperatures.


With entry into WTO,the industry of Chinese domestic insurance face great pressure of market competition.Now the Chinese domestic insurance company should improve the service quantity,and develop the new insurance category,so as to survive the tough market and seek new space for development.According the bankinsurance ,this paper analyzes the advantage and the present condition.Furthermore,some suggestions and measures of bankinsurance development are advanced.


Greenhouse gas emission, fast depletion of fossil fuels, the oil crisis and the increased cost of petroleum products are the major factors that need a shift from internal combustion engines to Electric Vehicles. The commercial deployment of EVs requires a large charging infrastructure to charge and discharge the EVs. Vehicle to Grid is a new emerging technology which came into existence because a large number of EVs can be used as load as well as an energy storage system to support the grid. However, the uncoordinated EV charging shows the crucial impact on the power system. Thus, optimum coordination of the V2G system needed. Thus, this paper presents a comprehensive state of art research of V2G system. The presented paper describes the methodology adopted for power flow under V2G scheme. Further, it explains the key barriers for adoption of V2G at a commercial level. Moreover, the state of art comparison is given for V2G, vehicle to home (V2H) and vehicle to vehicle (V2V). Later, the various optimization techniques have explained how they support the optimal energy management system under a coordinated V2G system.


In the present investigation, M-type barium hexaferrite substituted with Gd-Co has been synthesized using modified Pechini sol gel auto combustion method. The effect of calcination temperature and dopant concentration has been studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). FTIR and XRD studies confirmed the formation of hexagonal structure with average grain size ranging from 22 nm to 35 nm. TGA analysis reveals that formation of hexaferrite takes place at 700°C. The values of saturation magnetization, coercivity, retentivity and anisotropy constants have been calculated at room temperature using M-H curve.


This treats of general principles, and is to be understood as being introductory, while the remaining parts will be devoted to the structure and further classification of birds; their general habits and instincts; the relations of their habitat or residence to physical causes, and to their geographical distribution; to which is to be added "a briefly descriptive catalogue of the birds of the Middle States," and "of mnany of the most beautiful or remarkable birds of the world." It is designed, also, to devote special attention to the structure and exquisite colors of the pltmage, and the microscopic character of the downy covering of the young; a field of research as yet hardly approached, yet full of interest, and of practical value to science. In this first part the writer very appropriately devotes several pages to an account of the structure of the egg, and the mode of development of life within it, and subsequently notices the differences noticed in the external form of the etg as seen in the different groups, and the peculiar variations in the color and texture of the shell. The greater part, however, is devoted to a discussion of the classification of birds; a new or considerably modified system of which is proposed. It shows that the writer has given the subject considerable thought, and is in many points highly commendable, in fact approaching in general more nearly to the natural system, than several of the classifications recently proposed by our (reputed) highest authorities. We scarcely see the propriety, however, of making a third sub-class of the Ostrich and the Dodo, and their respective allies, nor of dispersing the Prcecoces so widely among the Altrices, as is done, not only in the present case but generally. The subdivision, by Oken (according to Agassiz, by Bonaparte as generally received), of birds into two grand divisions, be they sub-classes or orders, seems to have been a truthful and important recognition of two very natural groups, the subseqnent mingling of which seems only to tend to prolong confusion. The parallelisms between the two groups pointed out by Professor Dana, or the occurrence of representative groups in each, seems strongly to corroborate their naturalness. Miss Lewis's modestly written book, however, seems likely to supply a gap in our ornithological literature, and as it bears unmistakable marks of originality, and promises a clearly expressed epitome of the present state of the science, we heartily commend it as a wvork fully entitled to generous patronage.*-J. A. A.


Let denote the implied volatility at maturity t for a strike , where and is the current value of the underlying. We show that has a uniform (in x) limit as maturity t tends to infinity, given by the formula , for x in some compact neighbourhood of zero in the class of affine stochastic volatility models. Function is the convex dual of the limiting cumulant-generating function h of the scaled log-spot process. We express h in terms of the functional characteristics of the underlying model. The proof of the limiting formula rests on the large deviation behaviour of the scaled log-spot process as time tends to infinity. We apply our results to obtain the limiting smile for several classes of stochastic volatility models with jumps used in applications (e.g. Heston with state-independent jumps, Bates with state-dependent jumps and Barndorff-Nielsen–Shephard model).


Shortly after the emergence of multimedia, computer is quickly used into the field of education, computer-assisted instruction to bring a revolution. With the advance of information technology to improve education, computers, and other hardware facilities of the campus network, computer technology in secondary English teaching increasingly widespread, and have played an increasingly important role. In this paper, the impact of computer-aided English teaching and many other factors, the use of analytic hierarchy process to analyze their characteristics and their role, to arrive at the impact of computer-aided English Teaching students the most important factor is the conclusion of the teaching methods of learning and teachers and the establishment of a regression model. Papers presented AHP, because of its simple, effective and science has a certain value in practice.


Background and Methods: In an effort to review ultrastructural features of cells in the kidney of a male rat, transmission electron microscopy was used to study ultrathin sections.


Dear Editor, We are writing to discuss the paper entitled Patient-Reported Utilization Patterns of Fentanyl Transdermal System and Oxycodone Hydrochloride Controlled-Release Among Patients With Chronic Nonmalignant Pain' in the May/June 2003 issue of the Journal of Managed Care Pharmacy. We credit the authors in their task of collecting information on chronic pain patients via survey method, as this type of study in chronic nonmalignant pain patients has never been conducted. The results, although intriguing, were based on a single survey with no follow-up survey assessments. It is interesting to note that the only values that were significant in the multivariate analyses were gender (more females in the fentanyl transdermal system group) and duration on medication (those taking oxycodone hydrochloride controlled-release were taking the medication longer than those on the fentanyl transdermal system). We have several questions and comments that we would like the authors to address in order to provide the readers with a more complete understanding of the


Decentralized Finance (DeFi) takes the promise of blockchain a step further and aims to transform traditional financial products into trustless and transparent protocols that run without involving intermediaries. Similar to how 2017 was the year of ICOs, 2020 was the year of DeFi, with more than fifteen billion dollars of total investments. The decentralized platforms utilize oracles to retrieve asset data from the external world, but their choice and management criteria are often unknown to the end-users. If oracles are poorly selected or managed, the funds of a rising number of investors are inevitably in danger. The issue, known as "the oracle problem", which makes real-world applications controversial and debated due to the loss of decentralization, had recently drawn attention to DeFi, given the crescent number of related hacks that caused the loss of millions of dollars held in DeFi projects. Through a multivocal approach that considers academic papers, whitepapers, preprints, and opinion posts, this study aims to shed light on the pattern that identifies the oracle problem in DeFi and outline the most promising ways to overcome the related weaknesses. This research supports the view that the oracle problem in decentralized finance bears specific characteristics which require standardization and appropriate economic incentives to be addressed.


The concept of positivism in science is invalid to education.In education,the philosophical and cul-tural character of education and its particular way of research make a part of education unfitting with the scientific concept of positivism.In science,a part of education must be in the territory of science.And the classification of e-ducational theory testifies it,too.


Studies in mineral iconography :1 . The «gagate » stone in the Austrian National Library Codex medicus graecus 1. The «Vienna Dioscorides» codex, written and illuminated 512 AD in Constan- tinople, contains (f. 395r) what is possibly the first figure intentionally representing a mineral which came down to us: a colored picture of the «gagate » stone i.e. ,o fjet, the velvet-black glossy variety of lignite. This picture does not occur in Dioscorides' text on medical matters that constitutes the bulk of the codex, but in the paraphrase by Eutecnius of Nicander's poem on remedies against poisonous bites, an appendix, which anyway was written and illuminated at the same time as the codex main text.


The idea of an intermediate approximation of a given function by functions belonging to a "good" class was instrumental in the solution of extremal approximation problems for periodic functions of the real variable in a uniform metric, including several difficult extremal problems cited in [i, 2]. Later [3, 4] the notion of a K-functional was used to interpret these results in the framework of the theory of interpolation. The present article was based on the ideas of [i, 3].


We propose a systematic method of analyzing pseudopotential transferability based on linear-response properties of the free atom, including self-consistent chemical hardness and polarizability. Our calculation of hardness extends the approach of Teter not only by including self-consistency, but also by generalizing to nondiagonal hardness matrices, thereby allowing us to test for transferability to nonspherically symmetric environments. We apply the method to study the transferability of norm-conserving pseudopotentials for a variety of elements in the Periodic Table. We find that the self-consistent corrections are frequently significant, and should not be neglected. We prove that the partial-core correction improves the pseudopotential hardness of alkaline metals considerably. We propose a quantity to represent the average hardness error and calculate this quantity for many representative elements as a function of pseudopotential cutoff radii. We find that the atomic polarizabilities are usually well reproduced by the norm-conserving pseudopotentials. Our results provide useful guidelines for making optimal choices in the pseudopotential generation procedure.


The structure and dielectric properties of Ba(Ti 0.91 Zr 0.09 )O 3 ceramics with CuO doped were investigated. XRD indicates that compositions have single tetragonal phase for x (CuO) ≤ 0.38wt% at room temperature and shows the increase in the distance of (110) lattice plane. A decrease in grain size is observed when the content of CuO increase. For x = 0, only one dielectric constant peak in ϵ -T curve is observed at TC. It appears a normal ferroelectric behavior. With increasing CuO, another dielectric constant peaks in ϵ -T curve is observed at the transition point (T 1 ) from tetragonal to orthorhombic. At Orthorhombic-Tetragonal phase transition point, larger diffuseness of the phase transition (▵Tdif), the frequency dispersion (▵Trelax) and γ are observed and a diffuse phase transition at Tetragonal-Cubic phase transition point. The physical mechanism of the relaxation process is discussed.


Two methods are used to find growth estimates (in terms of the p-characteristic) for the analytic solutions of f ( k ) + A k - 1 (z)f ( k - 1 ) + ... + A 1 (z)f' + A 0 (z)f = 0 in the disc {z E C: ‖z‖ < R}, 0 < R < ∞. By restricting to special cases, these estimates yield known results in the complex plane without appealing to the commonly used Wiman-Valiron theory.


Using histological methods morphological and immunohistochemical characteristic of the thymus after Polyoxidonium injection course has been studied. It has been found that in one month after injection of Polyoxidonium an increase of CD3 +thymocyte and their proliferation in the cortex in the rat's thymus is recorded. In addition, there is an increase in CD68 +macrophages in the inner cortical zone, S-100 + dendritic cells in the medulla, and increase in an anti-apoptotic bcl-2 protein expression. The changes in the molecular phenotype of the thymus are accompanied by a slight increase in the thickness of the cortex, the area of the thymus lobule, and the relative weight of the gland. However, these effects are temporary and remain in separate cell structures during 3 months after course of injections. In later periods of observation morphology of the thymus and the antigenic phenotype do not have significant differences from that of intact animals.


The aim of this paper is to characterize several types of compactness on upper bounded Alexandroff spaces. We discuss the relations between these types under certain conditions. It is mainly shown that an Upper Bounded Alexandroff space  is closed if and only if it is quasi H-closed. In addition, it is semi-compact iff it is finite.


Are electronic reference books visible in academic libraries? A survey administered to librarians at colleges and universities in the southern United States is used to ascertain the presence and promotion of electronic reference books in academic libraries. Findings reveal that electronic reference books are not as visible in academic libraries (both online and in library buildings) as traditional print reference is. Librarians surveyed indicate they promote electronic reference books more than print reference books. To gain an understanding of what needs more marketing, librarians should examine usage statistics. Librarians should employ a variety of ways to market and promote electronic reference books, and assess which methods work best to reach patrons. In addition, librarians and classroom faculty should work together in collection development and in endorsing the usage of electronic reference books.


A device for pricking a textile cloth for carcass is provided to reduce the working time and to improve the productivity by easily adjusting the right and left interval of the pricking units for boring a hole in the supplied textile cloth and by simplifying the setting work. The device for pricking a textile cloth for carcass comprises: an envil roll(13), driven by a motor(12); and a pricking roll(14), having pins(21) which are correspondingly arranged in an upper side of the envil roll(13); and is installed in a supporting stand(11) so as to bore a hole in the textile cloth supplied from a Let-off. The pricking roll(14) is configured in such a manner that right and left moving rolls(14b,14c) are arranged around a fixing central roll(14a), and slid by a feeding driving motor(16) in a right and left direction respectively along a guide rail(17), and that the right and left moving rolls(14b,14c) are connected with corresponding right and left moving envil rolls(13b,13c) via an each connection frame(18).


Aiming at the problem that the misalignment of coils during wireless charging will cause instability of output voltage and rapid decrease of efficiency, this paper designs a wireless power transfer system featuring high misalignment tolerance. This paper analyzes the characteristic of LCC/S compensation topology, optimizes the coil and core of a loosely coupled transformer and designs a digitally closed-loop Buck converter. The controller, which improves response of the Buck converter by varying loop-gain, cross-over frequency and phase margin, is developed in continuous domain and then discretized to obtain digital form. Ultimately, a prototype with constant output power of 250 W is built. The energy transmission efficiency is as high as 89.8% and systems can still output a constant voltage, even if the offset reaches 57 mm.


A multivariate measure of stream quality, the Index of Biotic Integrity (IBI), was adapted to southern Ontario and calibrated to watershed land use on a variety of spatial scales. The fish fauna at 209 stream locations on 10 watersheds near Toronto, Ontario, was sampled with a backpack electrofisher in the summers of 1984 and 1985 to provide biological information for the IBI. Watershed urbanization, forest cover, and riparian forest were measured from 1:50,000 scale topographic maps and related to IBI estimates by linear regression. Of the biological measures tested, species richness, local indicator species (brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Rhinichthys spp.), abundance of large piscivores, fish abundance, and incidence of blackspot disease were found to contribute significantly to IBI estimates. Variation in IBI estimates at the same location ranged from 0 to 8% within the sample season and from 0 to 24% between years. Linear models based on measures of watershed urbanization and forest cover acc...


It is generally estimated that 90 million Americans drink alcohol and that approximately 9 million of these may be considered alcoholics (or "problem drinkers"). Thus, the risk factor of becoming an alcoholic, if one drinks, would appear to be one in ten. The ghastly toll of alcohol abuse can be measured in terms of many billions of dollars of annual economic loss, a status of being the No. 3 or 4 killer of adults in the United States, participating in countless accidents, homocides, suicides, other violent crimes against persons, and in broken homes, and causing multisystem organ damage. Many of these effects do not require that chemical dependence has been established. However, dependence on alcohol is one of the principal hazards of alcohol use. What governs the likelihood of a given person becoming an alcoholic if he or she begins to drink? The three principal theories that treat the issue


It is an arrangement where two people who are not married live together in an intimate relationship, particularly an emotionally and/or sexually intimate one, on a long-term or permanent ,a is a common pattern among people in the Western world ,Common reasons being wanting to test compatibility or to establish financial security before getting married. Although live in relationship has been legally recognized in some countries but in India it is neither legally nor socially recognized. These people indulging in living in relationship may represent in society as married couple for the purpose of leasing a flat or place to live, Marriage, for an Indian couple is a sacred union and compared to living together before you tie the knot, a marriage is more preferred to many, first in foremost because it is legal and above all you have gain high respect in society. Live-in relationships are legal in India. Recent Indian court rulings have ascribed some rights to long term cohabiting partners. Female live-in partners have economic rights under Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act 2005


HYPOTHESIS
Patients who receive hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and subsequently develop breast cancer are more likely to be diagnosed by palpation than mammography and have a higher stage of cancer at initial diagnosis.

DESIGN
Retrospective case series.

SETTING
University hospital.

PATIENTS
Two hundred ninety-two patients with breast cancer who were postmenopausal.

INTERVENTIONS
Clinical examination, mammography, and definitive therapy.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Hormone replacement therapy use, mode of cancer detection, tumor size, nodal status, stage, and survival.

RESULTS
Patients receiving HRT prior to diagnosis had significantly more incidences of mammographically detected tumors, ductal carcinoma in situ, T1 lesions, negative nodes, and better survival rates than nonusers.

CONCLUSIONS
A history of HRT use had only beneficial and no discernible adverse effects on breast cancer detection and outcomes. These effects of HRT seem to be due to the development of less aggressive tumors rather than earlier detection.


The third part of the research proposes the diachronic reconstruction of
 the evolution of powers and awareness of the relations of kinship through
 a thematic analysis. The seventh chapter aims at defining the aspects that
 characterized the kinship group as a whole, such as self-awareness and
 memory through onomastic choices and monastic foundations. It shows
 that, in the Hucpolding case, the patrimonial possessions came to be the
 main cohesive feature of the group only in the years spanning the tenth
 to eleventh centuries. Only at that time did the switch from cognatic to
 agnatic structures occur.


METHOD FOR PROCESSING WASTE OF REACTION CARBONYLATION, PURPOSE OF EXTRACTION OF NOBLE METAL. RESIDUES FORMS DURING CARBONYLATION ESTERS OR ETHERS-OXIDE, PARTICULARLY DURING THE PRODUCTION DIOXIDE ACETIC OR dIACETATE OF eTHYLIDENE, cONTAIN METAL NOBLE, tYPICALLY rHODIUM, USED CATALYST AND NEED TO RECOVER BEFORE YOU CAN DISPOSE OF WASTE. ON RELEASED THE NOBLE METAL RESIDUES IN TREATING THEM BY AMINES, WHICH ALLOW THE EXTRACTION RHODIUM IN A SUBSEQUENT CONTACT hydrogen halide AQUEOUS. THE EFFECT OF THIS TREATMENT BY AMINE IS EVEN BETTER BY A PRELIMINARY TREATMENT OF WASTE BY OR ALKANOLS AND CONCENTRATION BY EVAPORATION. THE NOBLE METAL OBTAINED MAY BE RECYCLED DIRECTLY OR AFTER TREATMENT TO cARBONYLATION REACTION.


The superhard material products have developed stably under the situation of circular economy and low carbon economy.Its progress was summarized and the expectation of the key fields in the future was discussed.At last there was a simple summary.


Introduction One of the major problems in total hip arthroplasty is osteolysis due to particle debris which leads to component loosening. The most important source of this particle debris is the wear of acetabular liners made out of conventional ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Irradiation crosslinking has demonstrated a significant improvement of wear resistance of UHMWPE during in-vitro studies [1]. The highly crosslinked polyethylene Durasul (Centerpulse Orthopedics Ltd.) was introduced into the market with several market surveillance studies: RSA-method, Poly Ware Edge Detection-method and a retrieval study. Investigations on components retrieved early provide the opportunity to evaluate the highly crosslinked components for early wear damage or other effects on the material.


Numerical models are an important method to study and design automobile catalytic cojnverters.The unsteady model discussed in this paper which accounts for the unsteadiness of the converter working process and the interaction between engines and converts,can study how to match engine and converter.After introducing the theory and the experimental investigation of the unsteady model of converter,effects of various design parameters and operating conditions (for example,catalyst quantity,catalyst loading model,structure parameters of substrate,fixing position of converters,etc) oin the converter performance are investigated by numerical computation.The results are useful for improving and optimizing the converter.


The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure (FRCP) are subject to a unique process also once used in revising the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE). Today, this process is followed in revisions of the FRCP, the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure and the Federal Bankruptcy Rules. This unique rulemaking process differs significantly from traditional notice and comment rulemaking required for a majority of federal regulatory agencies under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA).  Most notably, rule-making for the federal courts' procedural matters remain unaffected by the invalidation of legislative veto.  It is still widely, but wrongly believed, that the legislative veto was completely invalidated by INS v. Chadda.


e22211 Background: FFPE is the worldwide clinical standard for preservation of tissue samples. Although CRYO tissues are widely used for research, most gene expression assays in clinical use analyze FFPE by RT-PCR. Use of RT-PCR limits numbers of transcripts that can be studied with material available. Next Generation Sequencing promises to overcome those limitations, but for FFPE, there are concerns related to its accuracy including bias associated with RNA truncated at the 3' end. Little data is available illustrating the extent of truncation or considering implications for bioinformatics analysis of sequencing results. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from patient consented specimens of tumor and normal bladder tissue split with matching halves processed by CRYO and FFPE. Paired end sequencing libraries 100 bp in length were generated using Illumina TruSeq RNA sample kits with minor modifications for FFPE samples. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina HiSeq 2000, aligned with TopHat using the hg19 r...


Objective: The gold standard for diagnosing sleep disorders is polysomnography, which generates extensive data about biophysical changes occurring during sleep. We developed the National Sleep Research Resource (NSRR), a comprehensive system for sharing sleep data. The NSRR embodies elements of a data commons aimed at accelerating research to address critical questions about the impact of sleep disorders on important health outcomes. Approach: We used a metadata-guided approach, with a set of common sleep-specific terms enforcing uniform semantic interpretation of data elements across three main components: (1) annotated datasets; (2) user interfaces for accessing data; and (3) computational tools for the analysis of polysomnography recordings. We incorporated the process for managing dataset-specific data use agreements, evidence of Institutional Review Board review, and the corresponding access control in the NSRR web portal. The metadata-guided approach facilitates structural and semantic interoperability, ultimately leading to enhanced data reusability and scientific rigor. Results: The authors curated and deposited retrospective data from 10 large, NIH-funded sleep cohort studies, including several from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, into the NSRR. The NSRR currently contains data on 26,808 subjects and 31,166 signal files in European Data Format. Launched in April 2014, over 3000 registered users have downloaded over 130 terabytes of data. Conclusions: The NSRR offers a use case and an example for creating a full-fledged data commons. It provides a single point of access to analysis-ready physiological signals from polysomnography obtained from multiple sources, and a wide variety of clinical data to facilitate sleep research. The NIH Data Commons (or Commons) is an ambitious vision for a shared virtual space to allow digital objects to be stored and computed upon by the scientific community. The Commons would allow investigators to find, manage, share, use and reuse data, software, metadata and workflows. It imagines an ecosystem that makes digital objects Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable (FAIR). Four components are considered integral parts of the Commons: a computing resource for accessing and processing of digital objects; a "digital object compliance model" that describes the properties of digital objects that enable them to be FAIR; datasets that adhere to the digital object compliance model; and software and services to facilitate access to and use of data. This paper describes the contributions of NSRR along several aspects of the Commons vision: metadata for sleep research digital objects; a collection of annotated sleep data sets; and interfaces and tools for accessing and analyzing such data. More importantly, the NSRR provides the design of a functional architecture for implementing a Sleep Data Commons. The NSRR also reveals complexities and challenges involved in making clinical sleep data conform to the FAIR principles. Future directions: Shared resources offered by emerging resources such as cloud instances provide promising platforms for the Data Commons. However, simply expanding storage or adding compute power may not allow us to cope with the rapidly expanding volume and increasing complexity of biomedical data. Concurrent efforts must be spent to address digital object organization challenges. To make our approach future-proof, we need to continue advancing research in data representation and interfaces for human-data interaction. A possible next phase of NSRR is the creation of a universal self-descriptive sequential data format. The idea is to break large, unstructured, sequential data files into minimal, semantically meaningful, fragments. Such fragments can be indexed, assembled, retrieved, rendered, or repackaged on-the-fly, for multitudes of application scenarios. Data points in such a fragment will be locally embedded with relevant metadata labels, governed by terminology and ontology. Potential benefits of such an approach may include precise levels of data access, increased analysis readiness with on-the-fly data conversion, multi-level data discovery and support for effective web-based visualization of contents in large sequential files.


Results: The overall concordance of CEUS and LDCT was 78.7% (37/47). The concordance with L-CT for viable tumor and non-viable tumor tissue on CEUS was 95.2%, and 65.4% respectively (P<0.013). Diffuse tumors had a tendency for non-concordance (P=0.066). Although 3 of 4 lesions located in the hepatic dome were non-concordant, the sample size was too small to establish significance. The mean tumor size for concordant and non-concordant tumors was 2.9 and 3.0 cm, with no significant difference.


Florentine Smarandache first introduced the concept of Smarandache semigroups in the year 1998. Several researchers have been studying these notions. Here we give some of the analogues of the classical theorems on Smarandache semigroups like Lagrange's theorem, Sylow's theory, Cayley's theorem etc. For this, one has to define the concepts of Smarandache Lagrange's semigroup, Smarandache non-Lagrange's semigroup, Smarandache p-Sylow subgroup and so on.


This paper presents a synthesis of three cases from a study "In- formation through digital channels and its potential to change electricity consumption patterns" within Elforsk ELAN-pro- gramme, AMR-Visualisation carried out by scientists from the Efficient Energy Use in Buildings Research Group at the De- partment of Energy Sciences, Lund University - LTH, Sweden. The main objective was to investigate the influence of im- proved energy feedback (Internet-based energy statistics services) on electricity savings and the potential of changing electricity use patterns in Swedish dwellings. The three case studies were conducted in collaboration with respective grid companies. The analysis integrated both quantitative and qualitative methods in order to investigate different aspects of customers' electricity consumption, energy behaviour, values and atti- tudes. Periods "before" and "after" the introduction of feedback measure were used. The customers were not influenced by the observations. An energy profile that would explore differences between us- ers and non-users of the services (in terms of energy-related habits and behaviour) was used. The main hypothesis of this study assumed that the statistics service, as feedback to households, might lead to lower elec- tricity consumption, thanks to better understanding of energy use patterns and costs. This hypothesis was not confirmed. The results of this study can be summarized in the following con- clusions: • The users of the statistics service have shown either reduced or increased electricity use in the households.


This review paper describes the author's view of superconductor applications for electric power system, who was one of the planners of MITI/AIST Project of R & D on Power Applications of Superconductor Technology. In the near future, the power system in Japan will require critically new technologies to overcome the foreseenable difficult problems. Considering the system character, the first step to introduce superconductor technology in the power system should be to "superconductorize" the existing apparatuses in the system, with some analogy to biological evolution. According to a general way to commercialize new technology, the R & D of superconducting generators, which will increase not only generating efficiency but also system stability enormously, are under way, steadily step by step, by the Project team. These R & D works are believed to lead us in the future to "totally superconductorized power system, " which has the highest efficiency, reliability, stability, availability and economy.


An experimental investigation into active control of bending vibrations in thick plate-like structural elements is described. This work is motivated by vibration problems encountered in manufacturing processes that require greater control authority than is available from conventional surface mounted PZT patches or PVDF films. The focus of this experiment is a surrogate photolithography platen in which PZT stacks are mounted in cutouts on the platen top surface. These actuators provide significant vibration control authority by generating moments in the platen through their compressive loads. A Positive Position Feedback control law is used to significantly augment the damping in the first two bending modes. The implications of the experimental results for photolithography machines are discussed. Introduction In this paper, we develop and demonstrate a design for an active vibration control system suitable for damping thick plate-like structures. In particular, this approach is being used to improve the performance of a recently developed photolithography system featuring a magnetically levitated platen. The manufacture of integrated circuits is still heavily dependent on conventional photolithography processes in which a photosensitive silicon wafer is precisely positioned and a circuit image is projected onto its surface. The achievable circuit density is therefore determined by the precision of the wafer positioning system, and performance is limited by controller induced vibrations of the platen. In the mag-lev system, positioning accuracies on the order of 4 nm are readily achieved using low-bandwidth control. However, as the bandwidth is increased in an effort to increase wafer throughput, the positioning accuracy degrades due to control spillover into the platen flexible body modes. Therefore, the goal of this work is to develop a supplemental flexible body control system to augment the damping of the platen's modes and increase the mag-lev positioning accuracy. To avoid a complete control system redesign, the flexible body controller is designed to operate within the existing mag-lev rigid body positioning loop. In order for this dual control approach to be successful, the flexible body control forces should be orthogonal to the rigid body modes. Externally applied control forces, such as those derived from voice coil actuators, alter the dynamics of the rigid body loop and are therefore not a suitable choice for this application. Conversely, imbedded piezoelectric actuators are attractive since they provide no excitation of rigid body dynamics. Much recent research has focused on the use of imbedded or surface mounted piezoelectric actuators for control of plate-like structures. In particular, active buckling and shape control" have been considered. The application of piezoelectric devices to active vibration control of plates has focused on relatively low frequency modes afforded by thin plates. Controlling the bending vibrations of the relatively thick photolithography platen requires greater control authority than is available from conventional surface mounted djj actuators such as Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) patches or Poly vinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) film. Instead the increased force capabilities of d33 PZT stack actuators are exploited to provide the needed control authority. Placed in material cutouts on the platen surface, each of the actuators couples into the platen dynamics though a two-point pre-loaded mounting


Recently new information has accumulated about ER functions. Among them is the discovery of sorting and degradation of newly synthesized secretory proteins or the proteins destined for the plasma membrane (9, 12, 21). This has given us the chance to look back and try to understand the phenomenon which has been described from morphological studies, but has not been further elucidated. In this paper, I review briefly information on the intracisternal granules (ICGs) in thyroidectomy cell based on the new insights into this phenomenon gained from recent immunocytochemical results (18).


The congenital absence or fusion of interphalangeal joints was named symphalangism by Dr. Harvey Cushing in 1916 (1). This article adds a further case to the American literature, with associated fusions of the tarsal bones. A twenty-year-old soldier was examined because of pain in the proximal interphalangeal joint of the right middle finger. He exhibited complete immobility of proximal interphalangeal joints of the third, fourth, and fifth fingers of the left hand and similar findings in the right hand, except for partial motion (approximately 40 per cent) in the joint of the middle finger. Figure 1 shows the appearance of the hands when the patient attempted to double them into fists. Roentgenograms are reproduced in Figure 2. The patient stated that he had six stiff fingers until the age of nineteen, when some motion developed in the joint of the right middle finger. He had been inducted into the Army, though with some hesitancy on the part of the examiner, and had been able to do full duty as a truck ...


' This report summarizes the effects of pressure and forced coolant flow on the reactor response to step insertions of reactivity in the Spert III facility. Every power excursion, covering a period range from 500 msec to 10 msec, corresponding to step insertions of reactivity from 88¢ to 125 ¢was self-limiting regardless of initial system pressure or flow rate. Several significant points were observed during the investigation of the effect of initial system pressure. Perhaps the most important of these is the fact that it is possible to suppress boiling up to the time of peak power without significantly increasing the maximum power even for periods as short as 10 msec. This indicates that the reactivity normally compensated by the formation of steam can be compensated by other mechanisms with little change in power-burst behavior. The energy release to time of peak power increases only about a factor of two when the subcooling is increased from 80°C at atmospheric pressure to 320°C at 2500 psi. The fuel-plate surface temperature also increased with increasing system pressure. The results of using forced coolant flow to suppress boiling were· somewhat different than those observed in the pressure effect series. For long-period tests, since the fuel plate surface temperatures were reduced by the increased rate of heat transfer to the water and, since the hot water was then swept from the core, the reactivity compensation contribution due to water and fuel-plate expansion was reduced. In this long-period region where the energy generation rate is sufficiently slow, enough energy was removed from the core region to eliminate the initial power peak that had been observed in the no-flow tests. Instead of peaking, the power continued to rise until it reached a high enough level that the available flow was unable to remove sufficient energy from the core region, at which time the exponential power rise was terminated and the power sought an equilibrium level. For tests with initial asymptotic periods shorter than about 50 msec, the energy generation rate is increasing so rapidly that the heat cannot be removed from the core region at a rate sufficient to affect the initial power peak. Under these conditions, the initial burst is essentially the same as in the no-flow case. However, following the peak, the power again seeks an equilibrium level which is approximatAly propo'ctJono.l to the t1ow rate. In some cases the equilibrium levAl i R high.Ar thnn the initial power peak. The power rise during a 10-msec period transient does not deviate from an exponential until the power level is within one decade of peak power. Since the water moves only about 5 in., out of a total 36-in. core length, during this decade of power rise at the maximum available flow rate, it is reasonable that the flow rate has no significant effect on the i.nUial power burst for short~ period tests. · The effect of flow rate on the power behavior is essentially the same with an initial system pressure of 2500 psi as it is with atmospheric pressure. However, increasing the flow rate tends to reduce the higher fuel plate temperature observed as the initial system pressure is increased. In some cases, the flow reduces the plate temperature more than the higher pressure increases it.


ABSTRACT An investigation of the lithostratigraphy and depositional history of the Mississippian Sycamore Formation was conducted along the northern flank of the Arbuckle Anticline and to the subsurface to the west and northwest, in the area of the Sho-Vel-Tum, Sholem Alechem, and Golden Trend oil fields. The Sycamore Formation unconformably overlies the Woodford Shale and is in turn conformably overlain by the Caney Shale. The data base included five measured stratigraphic sections, three cores, and approximately 470 well logs. The Sycamore Formation can be divided into six facies based upon lithology. These facies are: Glauconitic Shale Bioturbated Shale Fossiliferous Mudstones and Wackestones Organic Shale Silty Pelletal Packstone Pellet Rich Siltstone Construction of structural, isopach, and carbonate lithofacies maps and stratigraphic cross sections revealed the depositional environments of the lithofacies and the factors controlling their distribution. The glauconitic shale was deposited in a shallow marine environment following transgression of the sea over the exposed Woodford Shale. The bioturbated shales and fossiliferous mudstones and wackestones were also deposited in a shallow marine environment. The silty pelletal packstone and pellet rich siltstones were deposited in the deeper, basinal environment of the Southern Oklahoma Aulocogen. These sediments show evidence of storm dominated deposits, indicating that they were deposited below normal wave base but above storm wave base. The organic shales were deposited in a quiet, deep water environment. Present day facies distribution is strongly influenced by post-depositional tectonic activity along the Washita Valley Fault system.


The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can overcome the complexity of network defects and support a sustainable and green system. AI has been used in the Cognitive Internet of Things (CIoT) which improve a large volume of data, minimize energy consumption, manage traffic, and store data. Improving smart packet transmission scheduling (TS) in CIoT is dependent on choosing an optimum channel with a minimum estimated Packet Error Rate (PER), packet delays caused by channel errors, and the subsequent retransmissions. Therefore, we propose a Generative Adversarial Network and Deep Distribution Q Network (GAN-DDQN) to enhance smart packet TS by reducing the distance between the estimated and target action-value particles. Furthermore, GAN-DDQN training based on reward clipping is used to evaluate the value of each action for certain states to avoid large variations in the target action value. The simulation results show that the proposed GAN-DDQN increases throughput and transmission packet, while reduces power consumption and Transmission Delay (TD) when compared to fuzzy Radial Basis Function (fuzzy-RBF) and Distributional Q-Network (DQN). Furthermore, GAN-DDQN provides a high rate of 38 Mbps, compared to actor-critic fuzzy-RBF's rate of 30 Mbps and the DQN algorithm's rate of 19 Mbps.


Nucleophilic substitution and dehydrochlorination reactions of a number of the ring-substituted 1-(arylsulfonyl)-2-R-4-chloro-2-butenes are studied both experimentally and theoretically. The developed synthetic procedures are characterized by a general rapidity, cheapness, and simplicity providing moderate to high yields of 1-arylsulfonyl 1,3-butadienes (48–95%), 1-(arylsulfonyl)-2-R-4-(N,N-dialkylamino)-2-butenes (31–53%), 1-(arylsulfonyl)-2-R-2-buten-4-ols (37–61%), and bis[4-(arylsulfonyl)-3-R-but-2-enyl]sulfides (40–70%). The density functional theory B3LYP/6-311++G(2d,2p) calculations of the intermediate allylic cations in acetone revealed their high stability occurring from a resonance stabilization and hyperconjugation by the SO2Ar group. The reactivity parameters estimated at the bond critical points of the diene/allylic moiety display a high correlation (R2 > 0.97) with the Hammett (σp) constants. 1-Arylsulfonyl 1,3-butadienes are characterized by a partly broken π conjugated system, which follows from analysis of the two-centered delocalization (δ) and localization (λ) index values. The highest occupied molecular orbital energies of 1-arylsulfonyl 1,3-butadienes are lower than those of 1,3-butadiene explaining their low reactivity towards the Diels–Alder condensation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In 1617, two Dutch merchantmen collided in a storm on the North Sea. The incident resulted in extensive legal proceedings before the Supreme Court of Holland, Zeeland and West-Friesland, lasting until 1640. In an unprecedented decision, which was published as no. 40 of Jacob Coren's well-known Observationes, the Court limited the liability of shipowners for inculpable ship collision to the value of their ship. Based both on extensive archival research and the text of Coren's Observatio, the present article offers a detailed discussion of the facts and proceedings of the case, and sets out how the case was received by Roman-Dutch scholars. As it turns out, limitation of shipowner liability was analysed in terms of noxal surrender in order to reconcile shipowner liability for inculpable ship collision with contemporary perceptions of equity.


This study was conducted to determine species belonging to family Cicadellidae (Homoptera) inhabiting vineyards in Diyarbakır, Elazığ and Mardin provinces (Turkey) between 2006 and 2007. In total, 34 leaf hoppers species from seven subfamilies Aphrodinae, Deltocephalinae, Hecalinae, Idiocerinae, Megophthalminae, Stegelytrinae and Typhlocybinae were recorded in these provinces. The distribution of collected species in each province varied greatly; these were in total, 22 species from six subfamilies recorded at seven sampling locations in Diyarbakır, 15 species from two subfamilies recorded at four sampling locations in Elazığ, 23 species from six subfamilies at seven sampling locations in Mardin.


Bone marrow transplantation for autoimmune diseases approaches to induction therapy with adult acute myeloid leukaemia safety screening of drugs in cancer therapy lack of functional pit-1 and pit-2 expression on haematopoietic stem cell lines cis-active elements of friend spleen focus-forming virus - from disease induction to disease prevention role of IL-10 in the crossregulation of prostaglandins and cytokines in monocytes immune response and neurotrophic factor interactions in peripheral nerve transplants role of cytokines in healing chronic skin wounds regulation of both erythroid and megakaryocytic differentiation of a human leukaemia cell line, UT-7.


Objective: To determine the risk factors related to recurrent caesarean section (C.S) morbidity and to suggest a morbidity scoring system based on these risk factors which can help in the prediction of C.S. morbidity. Patients & Methods: This prospective study included 1000 women undergoing Caesarean Section (C.S) under general anaesthesia, divided into two groups: Group (1): Control Group,500 patients, who underwent C.S for the first time. Group (2): Study Group, 500 patients who had one or more previous C.S. Simple scoring system was developed to record the possible risk factors related to C.S morbidity. Results: There were 6 significant pre-operative risk factors. These are: high parity, preterm delivery, placenta praevia, antepartum haemorrhage, medical disorders and bad general condition. There were 5 highly significant risk factors related to intra-operative morbidity which were: high parity, placenta praevia, intra-peritoneal adhesions, low experienced surgeon (P<0.001) and preterm gestational age (P<0.01) and 5 risk factors related to previous C.S operation these were: previous 3 or more C.S (P<0.01), previous C.S at rural hospital or private clinic (P<0.001), previous upper segment C.S (P<0.05), previous complicated C.S (P<0.05) and tender previous scar (P<0.01). Eleven factors related to post-operative morbidity were more significant in the repeated C.S. group. The incidence of overall morbidities were significantly more in the repeated C.S group. Total post-operative morbidity was highly significant starting from previous 4 or more C.S Risk factors related to intra-operative morbidity were used to develop a morbidity scoring system. Conclusion: Based on a summation of logistic coefficient corresponding to individual risk factor, a scoring system was suggested which can help in the prediction of C.S. morbidity. Further prospective evaluation of this scoring system would be helpful to confirm the usefulness and practicality of this system.


The main purpose of this paper is to suggest the application of Health Risk Assessment method to indoor air quality evaluation to consider the potential of the quantitative health index as an IAQ evaluation index. Health Risk Assessment(HRA) is a method that can evaluate the health impact of various pollutants quantitatively. HRA is a concept that is mainly handled in medical studies, and documented by US EPA. It consists of four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. This study tried to apply a simple numerical model including physical environment estimation model and spray usage scenario, which can predict indoor contaminant emission from building material and daily usage of spray to exposure assessment step of HRA method. According to the survey, the usage pattern of spray in daily life had a large deviation. So two version of scenarios, upper 30% and average, was evaluated and compared. And the target VOCs were limited to toluene and benzene. The result of numerical analysis and HRA showed a significant difference between the two scenarios. The non-carcinogenic health risk, Hazard Quotient of benzene had a higher value than that of toluene despite the higher LADD(Lifetime Average Daily Dose) value of toluene. And the carcinogenic health risk, ECR(Excess Cancer Risk) of benzene was above the EPA's guideline.


Lipton RB, Goldstein J, Baggish JS, et al . Aspirin is efficacious for the treatment of acute migraine. Headache 2005;45:283–92.

[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4]

 Q Is a single dose of aspirin, 1000 mg, effective for treatment of acute migraine with moderate to severe pain intensity?

### ![Graphic][5] Design:

Randomised, placebo controlled trial.

### ![Graphic][6] Allocation:

unclear concealment.

### ![Graphic][7] Blinding:

blinded (patients).

### ![Graphic][8] Follow up period:

several time points up to 24 hours.

### ![Graphic][9] Setting:

USA.

### ![Graphic][10] Patients:

485 patients who were 18–50 years of age (mean age 37 y, 79% women, 77% white); had experienced migraine headache, with or without aura, according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria; had at least moderate pain; and had ⩾1 but ⩽6 migraines per month during the previous year. Exclusion criteria included vomiting ⩾20% of the time during an attack; initiation of preventive medication in the past 3 months or use of alkaloids to treat migraine; use of anticoagulant, gout, or arthritis medications; and previous non-responsiveness to medication for migraine.

### ![Graphic][11] Intervention:

all patients were trained to identify a qualifying migraine attack (based on IHS criteria). Patients who had a qualifying …

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The independent curriculum emphasizes literacy skills, including critical thinking and communicative skills as outlined in the teaching materials. The advantages of busperak teaching materials are QR codes, internet searches, and reinforcement of material for each chapter. The aim of this research is alternative high school level textbooks for grade XI because there are still few textbooks that adopt the independent curriculum. Research and development using ADDIE models the reseach methodology to produce busperak. The research instrument used validity sheets and questionnaires. The method of data analysis applies a descriptive percentage. Descriptive percentage technique is the process of converting quantitative data into qualitative data by analyzing the level of validity Implications showed that the media validity results scored 4.6, the material validity test scored 4.8 and the language validity test scored 4.6. Thus, the results of busperak validation obtained a validity level of 90% having an excellent category. Even while the small groups find trial show a percentage of 82% in media test, the material validity test gets a percentage of 79%, and the language validity test gets a percentage of 74%. So, total average result of the busperak product trial has a percentage of 78.333%. Thus, the busperak is categorized as good and suitable and can be applied at school.


Aiming at the problem of tracking target loss in complex environment such as pedestrian illumination change, background and target color close and target occlusion, this paper proposes a target detection and tracking method which combines multi-feature Camshift algorithm with Kalman filter. Firstly, in order to solve the problem that pedestrian targets need to be selected manually in the initial frame, HOG features and SVM classifiers are used to detect pedestrian targets in the initial stage. Secondly, Euclidean distance is used to select pedestrians nearest to the central pixel coordinates of the image as tracking targets. At the same time, pedestrians are divided into five parts to extract the color features of clothes and HOG features respectively, and fuse them according to the weight to build a more robust target model. Finally, the occlusion threshold is set by using the similarity between the current frame and the target model of the previous frame, and the switch between Camshift algorithm and Kalman filter algorithm is realized to solve the occlusion problem and ensure the robustness of the algorithm. Experiments on OTB2013 test sets show that the proposed method improves the robustness of the algorithm and guarantees the real-time performance of the algorithm.


The effective charge of energetic ions as it pertains to the stopping power of solids is calculated in a dielectric-response approximation. The density distribution of $N$ electrons bound in an ion of atomic number ${Z}_{1}$ is given by a variational statistical approximation. The effective charge $Z_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{*}e$ is always larger than the ionic charge ${Q}_{1}=({Z}_{1}\ensuremath{-}N)e$, because of close collisions. A comprehensive low-velocity formula predicts $Z_{1}^{}{}_{}{}^{*}e$ for given $Q$ as a function of the ratio between the ion size and the mean electron spacing in the medium. At high velocities one obtains a partition rule of stopping powers for the effective charge of ionic projectiles. The results are compared with new precision stopping-power measurements on C, Al, and Au with $_{7}\mathrm{N}$ ions.


IT IS BECOMING COMMONPLACE to state that a Western strategy that assumes or seeks to foster a bi-polar world is obsolescent. The four models upon which the combination of containment and deterrence which characterize the prevailing Western strategy, and upon which this strategy itself, draws, are increasingly viewed as inadequate. The two integrated camps, which the bi-polar balance-of-power concept underlying containment assumes, are disappearing from international reality; the balance c>f terror image, which underlies deterrence, according to which two nuclear giants check each other, is facing the proliferation of nuclear dwarfs; the zero-sum notions, borrowed from gametheory, are seen as having declining relevance by more and more strategists; and the psychology of frustration, on which containment draws, has been shown to be too narrow. To put it differently, every component of the Western strategic formula has changed since it was formed in the late Fortiesthe technology of weapons, the cohesion of the super-blocs, the nature of the USSR, and the composition of the UN. While the need for a basic strategic revision is recognized, actual policies are slow to change, and postures implemented after years of staff work, production of the necessary hardware, and negotiations with allies are not readily replaced like numbers in a mathematics model. A few measures taken indicate experimentation with new conceptions-such as the emergency communication link between the White House and the Kremlin, the 1963 Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, simultaneous US and USSR assistance to India under Chinese attack, and the unanimous General Assembly resolution condemning the orbiting of weapons of mass destruction. But, by and large, the policies of the United States (and, for the most part, those of the USSR) are still under the spell of old conceptions. Instead of ac-


Crystals of a by-product isolated during the synthesis of a chloral adduct by reaction of N-hydroxypiperidine and chloral hydrate (Zinner et al., 1965; Kliegel et al., 2001) proved to be N-hydroxypiperidine hydrochloride (N-hydroxypiperidinium chloride), (I) (Fig. 1). The salt, which has been well known for a long time (Wernick & Wolffenstein, 1898; Thesing & Mayer, 1956), probably originates from the formation of HCl during the reaction by partial decomposition of chloral hydrate, the mechanism of which is not clear. The presence of water and the basic reagent (N-hydroxypiperidine) might produce HCl and dichloroacetic acid, or chloroform, which could be the source for HCl (Fairbrother, 1973; Lutnitskii, 1975).


This thesis is focused on the monitoring of biofilm in the food industry. Above were exa-mined food-significant bacteria that produce biofilm. The theoretical part deals with the definition of biofilm formation, structure, and regulation of biofilm formation. The practi-cal part deals with monitoring of biofilm formation in food-related bacteria. Biofilm for-mation was investigated by Christensen spin tube method and modified Christensen method in microplates. A higher incidence of biofilm formation was tested for bacteria prokazam in polystyrene microplates. According to Christensen spin tube method consisted of 140 biofilm microorganisms tested 1.4%. The largest producers were Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms and Enterococcus E24. In polystyrene formed biofilm of 328 micro-organisms tested 23.5%. The largest producers of biofilm were Escherichia coli 44, E. coli 50, E. coli 56, E. coli 46, Serratia marcescens 114, Citrobacter gillenii 66, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 115, Lactobacillus paracasei 51, Enterococcus faecium 51.


Fast-growing plant cultivation and plant compost alternative apparatus and method for fertilizer, instead of using fossil fuels in the fertilizer production process, to achieve a negative atmospheric growth of greenhouse gases, adjusting the greenhouse effect; inhibiting haze formation; solve environmental problems; improve soil structure, increase soil fertility. The method comprises: (1) planting and / or the cultivation of fast-growing plants in a selected area of land or water in the area; (2) were harvested when the fast-growing plants grew to a suitable height; (3) for fast-growing plants harvested performed dried, preferably natural drying; (4) a fast-growing plants dried processed into carbon storage profiles; (5) the plants store carbon profile after molding for archiving; (6) the fast-growing plants and carbon storage profile processing into organic fertilizers , and the nitrogen-containing gas produced in the process is converted into nitrogenous fertilizers (ammonia).


Background: Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa is poorly accepted and largely ineffective. Aim: To develop an explanatory model for the development and maintenance of Eating Disorders which utilizes neuroscience data. Method: The literature on neurosciences in eating disorders was reviewed and incorporated into a biopsychosocial model. Results: The system of social functioning mediated by emotional and cognitive information processing is central to this model. This system is vulnerable because of the developmental changes in adolescence. Conclusions: This model proposes testable hypotheses and also has implications for the development of novel approaches to treatment. Declaration of interest: Laura Southgate was supported by the Nina Jackson Eating Disorders Research PhD fellowship, in conjunction with the Psychiatry Research Trust (registered charity no. 284286). The Wellcome Trust, Psychiatry Research Trust and BIAL foundation (grant nos. 88/02: 61/04) have supported different neuroscience projects within our research group.


What's new in the management of intracerebral hemorrhage? Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the most devastating subtype of stroke. It affects approximately 2 million patients worldwide every year and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. After decades of research there is still no specific evidence based treatment strategy for this disease. However, research has contributed to a better understanding of the pathophysiology of intracerebral hemorrhage, and has facilitated the development of different treatment approaches addressing different pathophysiologi cal mechanisms. The present article reviews some of the latest research investigating treatment strategies for ICH and intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and comments on the practical relevance of those data, including topics as blood pressure management, hemostasis and manage ment of oral anticoagulant-associated ICH, surgery, intraventricular fibrinolysis and lumbar drainage. J Neurol Neurochir Psychiatr 2018; 19 (3): 89–94.