The invention relates to the field of communication and discloses a method and device for processing an initial UE (User Equipment) message, which is used for ensuring the normal access of UE under partial abnormal scenes. The method comprises the following steps of: based on the framework of the existing agreement, when an MME (Mobility Management Entity) receives the Initial UE Message carrying about an NAS (Non-Access Stratum) message, sent by the UE and before the UE is accessed, the MME judges whether the UE is in an ECM (EPS (Evolved Packet System) Connection Management)-CONNECTED state according to the context of the UE; and when the MME determines the UE is in the ECM-CONNECTED state, a corresponding network-side network element is indicated to release resources relevant to the UE, so that the MME can continuously complete the follow-up operation successfully according to the existing 3GPP (the 3rd Generation Partnership Project)-related agreement, the abnormal condition not confirming to the agreement is avoided, the normal access of the UE is ensured, and therefore the system performance is effectively ensured.


WOUND anthracnose, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum musae, has a major impact on the quality of export bananas worldwide. Fruits harvested at an advanced physiological age seem to be more susceptible to anthracnose. We examined the relationship between the fruit physiological age, measured by the temperature sum (in degree days - dd), and the susceptibility to wound anthracnose by analysing the effects of three factors: - Flooding - a stressful growing condition - in a greenhouse; - Early harvesting of bananas under two climatic conditions; - Source-sink ratio modification by removal of leaves or hands. (Texte integral)


The analysis of statistical characteristics of graphemes of the Russian letter on the art texts for the period with 1861 for 1956 created diachronic. The found distributions of frequencies occurrence and ranks of graphemes, and also entropy and relative errors of distributions specify their values high time stability of the considered characteristics. During research statistically significant tendency to formation of groups graphemes with close values rank probabilities is revealed


OME years ago in connection with a maize improvement program in S Texas, several thousand self-pollinations were made in Surcropper, a variety of field corn widely grown in the Southwest. Among the self-pollinated ears were a number which segregated for a type of sugary endosperm which appeared to be, and later proved to be, different from the ordinary sugary endosperm familiar to all maize geneticists. The inheritance of this new type of endosperm, named amylaceous sugary, was briefly recorded in the "Maize News Letter" which served the purpose of bringing the character to the attention of other students of maize genetics. Now, however, that CAMERON (1947) has made a comprehensive study, which is reported separately in this journal, of the chemistry of carbohydrate development in types of endosperm derived from amylaceous sugary and its cross with sugary it is desirable to publish the accumulated data whicli bear upon the inheritance of amylaceous sugary and its derivatives.


Anna Toropova has written an imaginative and innovative study of the affective world of Stalinist cinema—a world beyond verbal propaganda. She integrates analysis of filming techniques and archival documents of preand postproduction discussions, as well as Soviet sociology of viewership and Soviet psychology, to contend that cinema was a school of Stalinist sentimental education. This book joins the emotional turn in the historiography of Russia and the Soviet Union, but foregrounds the unspoken and the irrational, the sights and sounds of cinema. The Bolshevizing project was deeper than "speaking"; nor, of course, is "speaking" the only, or even the principal, way of internalizing ideology. Some of the films Toropova highlights are iconic; many, however, are little-known, and bringing them to the fore is among the book's many accomplishments. In all cases, she looks for intimations beyond the narrative façade. To determine the affective work of narrative plotlines and production plans, Toropova relies on psychoanalysis, particularly in its Lacanian variety. For example, inspired by Freud's and Lacan's writings on jokes and the comic, she carefully tracks how Soviet comedies overturned the apparent meanings of words, rules of sense-making, and the symbolic order of life. This disruption of unquestionable, authoritative meaning was, in Toropova's interpretation, the source of pleasure for Soviet audiences and the source of danger for cultural authorities, who found something to grumble about in nearly every comedy. If comedies made light of the disintegration of "the narcissist ego" (anti-heroes, corrupt officials—in short, bad guys rendered ridiculous), then Soviet thrillers conflated the self and the enemy and thus threatened the unity of the ego. Toropova draws productively on the psychoanalytic theory of paranoia to argue that by splitting the self and projecting evil onto a foreign enemy, thrillers ultimately reasserted "a sense of narcissistic self-mastery" and unity. But she spotlights the fragility of a lonely, unknowing, and doomed hero, or—in a scenario that presented the enemy ambiguously and empathetically—the possibility of viewers' identification with a hostile, foreign other. It was such possibilities of the thriller that alarmed the authorities. Like scholars before her, Toropova is interested in the production of Soviet subjectivity and considers it unique; but she shows how filmmakers drew on, and sometimes resisted, universal genres as they taught their audiences what it


The paper aims to introduce the authors' analysis on the urban gas fuel network system risk from the point of view of the cause-effect. As we know, urban gas fuel network system is a potential hazardous source. People around the system are subject to the risk from it at any unexpected moment. In recent years, a great deal of effort has been dedicated to the accident prevention. Most common accidents such as toxic emissions, fires, and explosions take place at times. The sophisticated nature of the urban gas fuel, the objective hazards and limitations of the existing assessment means leave us no alternatives but to combine the two methods of cause-effect diagram and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation for such analysis. The factors influencing the safety level of urban gas fuel net-work system can be determined by such a diagram, such as the transmission system, risk prevention measures and safety management, and so on listed in this paper. Considering the uncertainties of these factors, the paper is using the analytic hierarchy process as an elicitation method of the expertise to weigh the relative importance of such factors. In addition, linguistic judgment scale and the numerical judgment from expertise are used as reference to the numerical scale (Saaty's proposal) in a single matrix of pairwise comparisons. And then it is possible to process the risk quantification with the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Based on the weight of each factor from the matrix and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, it is possible to determine the risk level of the urban gas fuel net-work system. The suggested new analytical steps are listed in an illustrated form, whose result shows that the risk of the urban gas fuel net-work system in a city is low and the combination method of cause-effect diagram and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is of advantage and can be applied in engineering. It may be useful for risk management and pipeline planning.


This chapter presents a new multi-level investigation of discourse that combines network analysis with qualitative content analysis. This book is the first to employ this method for multi-linguistic comparative research. The chapter first develops an understanding of discourse, which seeks to address some of the challenges discourse analysis has faced. It then describes the sources, the sampling procedure, the process of qualitative content analysis, and the logic of the applied coding scheme. A final section introduces details of the discourse network analysis, which combines the unique insight of qualitative interpretation, and the structural insights derived through the rigour of network analysis. This combination can pre-empt some of the concerns that critics have voiced about new quantitative approaches to analysing text. Its added value lies in the identification of clusters in the network, which point to discursive formations that structure meaning.


The invention provides a method for manufacturing a vibrator, the vibrator, and an oscillator. The method for manufacturing a vibrator according to the present invention includes: forming a coating layer that covers a silicon substrate; patterning the coating layer; forming a semiconductor layer that covers the silicon substrate and the coating layer; forming a vibrating portion having a beam shape on the coating layer and a support portion that supports the vibrating portion by patterning the semiconductor layer; forming an opening that exposes the silicon substrate; forming a recess portion by removing the silicon substrate through the opening; and removing the coating layer. In the step of forming the vibrating portion and the support portion, the support portion having a first portion that is located on the silicon substrate, and a second portion that connects the first portion and the vibrating portion and is located on the coating layer is formed.


Tentacles are dexterous appendages that are often illustrated in comics and animated in movies; most famously in the tentacled beard of Davy Jones in the movie Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest. Each tentacle in Davy Jones's beard was animated by an articulated rigid skeleton [Criswell et al. 2006]. Real-world tentacles, however, do not have the luxury of an internal skeleton, and instead must generate movement solely with muscle tissue. Such "muscular hydrostats" use tissue incompressibility (muscle tissue is largely composed of incompressible fluid) as the mechanical support required to exert movement. For example, tentacle lengthening is achieved by the contraction of muscle fibers that are perpendicular to the elongation direction. This inward squeezing reduces a tentacle's circumference and increases its length to maintain overall tissue volume. The internal deformations needed to generate movement provide a visible set of secondary movements that enhance the lifelike nature of tentacles and are not captured by rigid tentacle simulation. Recent work has demonstrated muscle-driven animations of soft-bodies [Tan et al. 2012], here we extend this approach for anatomically-based models of tentacles that include helical muscle fibers for twisting movements. Animated with keyframe motion targets prescribed by an animator, the resulting simulations generate lifelike secondary tentacle deformations.


the a wide range of topics such as hospital management, health policy and decision-making, health care reforms, the use of economics evaluations for actual decision-making, use of transaction cost economics/new institutional economics as a paradigm for health economics and measurement and valuation of health status Quality and economics. Peter Hasle, of Denmark. He has for the last decade studied collaboration in hospitals, and he will talk about the possibilities to design local collaboration in wards and departments which can meet the challenges from limited resources as well as the tendency to move coordination away from humans to still more standardized and sophisticated IT-systems. Aims and objectives. To investigate what differences, exist in nurses' communications with each other as opposed to their communications with members of other healthcare professions. Background. Difficulties have been reported related to the introduction of interdisciplinary collaboration in hospitals even when their efficacy has been demonstrated. Design. This paper is a report of a project that was a cross-sectional survey design. Method. Nurses and assistant nurses received questionnaires that examined two different components of interdisciplinary collaboration. Using the psychometric method known as Systematizing Person-Group Relations to gather data and for analysis, the method aims to investigate the dominant aspects of the particular work environment by identifying key characteristics of interdisciplinary collaboration. Results. The respondents reported significant differences in six of the 12 factors; high scores on caring, acceptance, engagement and empathy characterized communication with members of their own professional group as low scores on the same factors characterized communication with other healthcare professions. Conclusion. Findings in this study suggests that nurses behave in a more loyal, accepting and critical manner when communicating with each other than they do when communicating with members of other healthcare professions. Nurses are more influenced by behaviors characterized by assertiveness and resignation in their communication with members of other healthcare professions. The findings indicate that nurse's experience mixed emotions and behaviors that influence their communications with healthcare personnel from other professions. Relevance to clinical practice . Nurses often hold key positions on interdisciplinary collaboration; therefore, they must develop the communicative skills required in this position to be able to improve the quality of patient care in hospitals, related to nurses' experiences and skills. Managers in healthcare face continuous changes; new technology, improvements to work processes, new medicine, new research etc. Changes impacts how the work is done thus employees must continuously acquire new knowledge and develop new ways of working. Managers often rely on the classic solution; disciplined adherence to written guidelines. However, this type of management of knowledge does not support a flexible workforce that is adaptive to changes and autonomously develop knowledge and work processes. Thus, today management of knowledge does not support a "healthcare systems that is sustainable" in the sense that employees autonomously develop knowledge. Instead managers must expand their behavior repertoire and connect employees in communities that autonomously develop knowledge, implement changes and share knowledge resulting in a sustainable knowledge management approach. Through the development of communities employees develop relationships where they participate voluntarily and share and develop knowledge, and these communities thrive under management that focus on building relationships and interactions. Thus, today managers in healthcare must span a wide range of behaviors to support a sustainable healthcare. Employee driven changes are thought to result in sustainable work that balances organizational performance and employee well-being. By explicating in-house knowledge about problems and potential solutions, direction of change is aligned with employee's knowledge of what is needed and professional insight. Consequently, the identified changes are preferred by employees ensuring that implementation is welcomed resulting in increased wellbeing at work and improvement of the work practices. The longstanding trend within medicine towards greater specialization intensifies fragmentation and silo problems in traditional health systems. As a consequence, we have seen many different interventions to create integration and coherent patient flows across both intra- and inter-organizational health systems, mainly through new modes of organizing, managing and collaborating. However, integration across professional and organizational boundaries still remain one of the greatest challenges in developed health care systems (Rudkjøbing et al., 2014; Seemann & Gustafsson, 2016). The empirical background is primarily a qualitative longitudinal case study of a radical change initiative in Aalborg University Hospital (AAUH) situated in the North Region of Denmark. AAUH's vision is that all patients should feel that their patient course is coherent, with few mishaps in transitions and with high quality. Focus is on improving coordination of patient flows through the hospital units and also between the hospital and the primary care sector (municipalities and general practitioners). The radical initiative was launched as a comprehensive top down change project in 2013 and followed by several bottom-up projects The theoretical backdrop focus on horizontal processes in and across professional organizations at levels of leadership, structure, systems and organizational culture, drawing on perspectives from research concerning organizational design, and inter-professional, inter-organizational theory of coordination and integration (Abbott Galbraith Cropper as well as hybrid leadership (Byrkjeflot and Jespersen 2014). The overall aim of the trailing project is to document the main features of the change process and identify critical challenges for managers and employees to improve our understanding and gain more knowledge of dynamics related to the creation of coherent patient flows through horizontal integration. Patient involvement which can be perceived as an integrative mechanism is excluded from the study. Our findings indicate that integration across professional and organizational units demands multiple hybrid management, which in turn increase ambiguity and cross pressure in involved organizations, thereby requiring the development of organizational and individual capabilities to math multiple audits. A major challenge for hospitals in Sweden, as elsewhere, is the shortage of trained staff, mainly nurses, willing to work under current employment conditions (SCB 2017:3). To offer sufficient medical care, personnel from temporary work agencies (TWAs) are used. This is expensive for hospitals and also prevents a sustainable workforce from emerging in hospital wards, with ensuing treatment and care quality, making it a goal for hospitals to minimize or eliminate the use of commercial TWAs. The aim of this paper is to analyzes the challenges and paradoxes encountered by a Swedish university hospital operating an internal temporary work agency (ITWA). The ITWA is a market-mimicking response, providing security for both the hospital, via a workforce permanently employed by the hospital deployable across the hospital, and employees by offering both permanent employment as well as better conditions and workplace mobility. We use a case study approach (Byrne & Ragin 2009) including document analysis and interviews with managers and employees, the ITWA's organizational operation and institutional facilitation and limitations are analysed along with employees' subjective motivations and job quality experiences. Though seemingly an optimal solution, mimicking the market as a hybrid has paradoxes, limitations and challenges. A sustainability paradox is that the ITWA is premised on a situation where trained and experienced medical staff, who previously were permanent employees on wards work for the ITWA; a type of employees that the ITWA cannot produce itself. Working for the ITWA becomes at one and the same time a means of showing solidarity with the public healthcare system and public employment, while also striving for better material and temporal conditions. For the employees of the ITWA it also becomes a means of "adventure" – experiencing a wide range of work-settings, and tasks. Employees of the internal TWA lead a hybrid and ambiguous existence at the workplace due to their mobility. They are at the same time "non-market" temporary workers, but Introduction: This paper reports a study of a clinical placement model involving Norwegian undergraduate nursing students. The model combined clinical placement in primary and secondary care. Clinical placements constitute half of the Norwegian bachelor's program in nursing, and play an integral part in the students' learning process towards professional practice as nurses. To ensure relevance, the nursing educational programs should be adaptable towards developments in the health care environment. In recent years, care integration has become an important focus in Norwegian health reforms. The aim is to provide sustainable and integrated health services that better meets the needs of the users. One area of concern has been transitions between primary and secondary care. Given their coordinating function and proximity to patients in all levels of health services, nurses play an important role in such integration processes, and nursing students should be prepared for this aspect of nursing care. Aim: The aim is to explore whether a combined clinical placement model can enhance undergraduate nursing students' knowledge and understanding of care integration in th


As previously reported, the reaction of MoOCl 2 (dtc) 2 (dtc= diethyldithiocarbamate) with 2-aminothiophenol yields the imido complex Mo(NC 6 H 4 S)Cl(dtc) 2 .


The algorithm MSA is presented in this paper,which improved the way to compute D(k) and k-optimal Spectral Alignment of SA algorithm and took into account simultaneous analysis of N-terminal and C-terminal ions.The experiment result data shows that efficiently improves the capability of identifying proteins containing mutations or post-translational modifications.


Although the effect of strand twist upon eddy-current losses in multifilamentary superconducting composites is well understood, the combined effects of twist and subsequent winding are not as well documented. An analysis has been made of the effective pitch (with respect to an applied field transverse to the winding axis) of a pair of filaments that have been first twisted and then helically wound. In the case of very different values of twist pitch and winding pitch, the effective pitch is simply the smaller of these. However, as the value of winding pitch approaches that of the twist pitch, the effective pitch may become quite large. Results of this analysis are compared with magnetization measurements of a series of helically wound strands with varied twist pitch. These measurements show large eddy-current losses in a twisted strand with twist pitch comparable to winding pitch; more generally it is shown that eddy-current loss depends upon the superposition of twist and winding. The general shape of the magnetization as a function of applied field M(H) loop due to the combined effects of filamentary hysteresis and eddy-currents has been mathematically modeled.


AMMI model was used to analyze main agronomic traits of japonica rice in the regional trials of Guizhou province in 2009.The results indicated that AMMI model is superior to multiple regression and correlation analysis for analysis gene type environment interaction.Highly significant level and significant level in AMMI model explained the mutual sum of squares was yield 93.6%,growth period 82.1%,the number of grains per spike 92.6%,seed setting rate 88.3%,grain weight 92.0% and other traits respectively.Variety parameter stability Di can quantitative analyze stability in different environment of main traits.Stability Di value of five traits(whose in teraction reached highly significant level and significant leve)l analysis showed that change of gene type and environment have greater influence on yield,growth period,grain weight,has a little influence on the number of grains per spike and seed setting rate.


Emerson (1977) claims that as much as 50% of the emotional and management difficulties of people with learning disabilities, requiring crisis intervention, may be directly or indirectly associated with a death or loss. The current paper attempts to review the recent work on loss in the learning disabled. It uses a 10-item categorical list adapted from Donnelly's (1990) 10 principles of counselling. The work was initially designed to be a practical guide for carers, following a request for help from nursing staff. As a consequence, this review includes a number of specific suggestions on how to care for people with learning disabilities who have suffered a recent loss.


Monitoring remotely the health and lifestyle of the seniors through smart devices brings some challenges due to the age-related impairments of the elderly or to the fact that the connected smart devices can be perceived as a vulnerable gateway to the whole digital system. Therefore, for mitigating the cybersecurity threats in such a healthcare model, the seniors' needs and specificities should be addressed (carefully, with priority and taking into consideration the sensitive feature of health and personal data) through continuously updated security mechanisms and protocols. This paper aims to present the most relevant aspects related to all these and to demonstrate how they have been implemented in a remote health monitoring system designed to support a healthy, active and independent life of a senior in a smart device-based home.


One end of the tube (18) is flattened and this end is bent about an axis (13) transverse to the tube length axis, and then this tube is deformed towards one side of the flattened end to form a fastener lip. A method for manufacturing a coupling rod from tubular material, having a fastener lip at one or both ends formed by plastic deformation of the tube, comprises the following steps : (i) flattening one end of the tube ; (ii) bending the flattened end about a bend axis extending transverse to the tube length axis ; and (iii) deformation of the tube towards one side of the flattened end, so that a fastener lip partitioned by at least one groove or wall is formed. An Independent claim is also included for the apparatus used to carry out this method.


Cross laminated timber panels (CLT) are promising building structures that are actively used in the construction of buildings around the world. In Russia the construction is rarely used, despite the existing factories for their manufacturing. In regulatory documents there are no specific data on the elastic modulus for these structures. As a method for determining this calculated characteristic, a numerical experiment in the SCAD Office software package is proposed. During the experiment, panels of various thickness and different numbers of layers are considered. Based on the obtained displacements from the action of the applied load, the values of the elastic modules are determined and summarized in the table. According to the results of the calculation, graphs of dependences of the reduced elastic modules on the thicknesses and the number of layers are constructed and analyzed.


The objective of this research was to assess satisfaction levels of the insured farmers towards TARSIM agricultural insurance services. The study was conducted on the farmers engaged in apricot production in Malatya province of Turkey, the world's largest provider of apricots. About 69.88% of Turkey's dried apricot production and about 73.44% of the world dried apricot production are based in Malatya. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with a random sample of 187 farmers. Likert scale questionnaires were used to collect opinion data of farmers on five dimensions, namely sales and marketing, damage compensation, pricing and payment policy, customer notification and customer representation. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the association between the measured variables and overall satisfaction levels. The results of structural equation modeling indicated that all dimensions had statistically significant effects on farmer satisfaction. Additionally, according to the standard estimations, satisfaction from sales and marketing, satisfaction from customer notification and satisfaction from damage compensation were the most significant determinants of customer satisfaction. Pricing and payment policy had the lowest influence on farmer satisfaction. The study results showed that efficient and rapid resolution of farmer problems and grant of ease for premium payments were the most influential factors affecting farmer satisfaction.


The Sorbonne declaration was signed by the education ministers of four countries. Two of these countries were witnessing a steady decline in the number of foreign students coming to their universities. The process of harmonization primarily aimed at reinforcing the attractiveness of Europe' higher education and therefore that of the signatories. Today, the attractiveness of the European countries has improved to a significant degree. Consequently, the countries find cooperative strategies less advantageous and return to competition. For this reason, harmonization is currently stalled. And future developments are likely be the fruit of competition more than genuine cooperation.


One of the most important steps in the near-future space age will be a manned mission to Mars. Unfortunately, such a mission will cause astronauts to be exposed to unavoidable cosmic radiation in deep space and on the surface of Mars. Thus a better understanding of the radiation environment for a Mars mission and the consequent biological impacts on humans, in particular the human brains, is critical. To investigate the impact of cosmic radiation on human brains and the potential influence on the brain functions, we model and study the cosmic particle-induced radiation dose in a realistic head structure. Specifically speaking, 134 slices of computed tomography (CT) images of an actual human head have been used as a 3D phantom in Geant4 (GEometry ANd Tracking) which is a Monte Carlo tool simulating energetic particles impinging into different parts of the brain and deliver radiation dose therein. As a first step, we compare the influence of different brain structures (e.g., with or without bones, with or without soft tissues) to the resulting dose therein to demonstrate the necessity of using a realistic brain structure for our investigation. Afterwards, we calculate energy-dependent functions of dose distribution for the most important (most abundant and most biologically-relevant) particle types encountered in space and on Mars such as protons, Helium ions and neutrons. These functions are then used to fold with Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) spectra on the surface of Mars for obtaining the dose rate distribution at different lobes of the human brain. Different GCR spectra during various solar cycle conditions have also been studied and compared.


During the post-new period,a dissimilar "father" image emerged.This image of father is both humanized and symbolized and psychologically reliable,which represents the tendency of returning to tradition.In the "father" image constantly being rewritten,the writers' artistic desire for the reconstruction of humane belief and social and cultural order is embodied.


PROBLEM
There are increasing calls for medical education curricula to effectively teach about the social determinants of health by explicitly naming racism as a driver of health equity and inspiring student action to address health inequities.

APPROACH
Using a novel application of the generative co-design approach, in 2020 Perelman School of Medicine students and faculty implemented a student-led, interdisciplinary elective course for preclerkship medical students. The co-design process allowed for an iterative and conversation-based experience emphasizing how social systems and racist policies shape health care access and outcomes. Active student participation was integral to developing discussion questions to elicit how students' positions in power structures can uphold inequities. Community members and nonprofit leaders taught about the current realities of discrimination and how students could best advocate for patients in the future. Enrolled students (n = 17) and a control group of non-enrolled classmates (n = 37) completed the Anti-Racism Behavioral Inventory (ARBI) pre- and post-course to compare changes in anti-racist behaviors.

OUTCOMES
Participants demonstrated a significant increase in ARBI scores (mean = 4.29 (7.30); t(16) = 2.42; P = .01), while students from the control group did not (mean = 1.43 (6.98); t(36) = 1.25; P = .11). The "individual advocacy" subdomain of the ARBI largely drove the change in ARBI scores, suggestive of increased anti-racism behavior in the enrolled cohort. Students provided feedback offering praise for course elements and suggestions for improvement.

NEXT STEPS
Early findings suggest that this course, created with a co-design approach, generated new experiences for medical students, increased their understanding of systemic racism, and increased individual anti-racist advocacy. Future work, with larger class sizes and longitudinal measurement of behavior change, should further investigate the transformative effects of applying co-design strategies to medical education courses about race and health.


Provided are: a resin modifier with which it is possible to impart exceptional moisture resistance, dimensional stability, and optical properties to resin; and a resin composition using the same. This resin modifier contains a compound represented by general formula (1). In formula (1), m represents an integer of 1-5; n represents an integer of 0-50; R A , R B , and R C represent C2-20 hydrocarbon groups, or C2-20 hydrocarbon groups having one or more atoms selected from the group consisting of oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms, and nitrogen atoms.


S37 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ specificity: 98.1%), the risk of failure is 9.8% (8/82) for patients not having received ADT. For patients who received ADT, the predictive factors of failure are PSA-60 (OR:53.9 p < 0.0001) and T-Stage (OR:0.25 p = 0.0008). Using this model and a PSA-60 cutoff of 0.1 ng/mL (sensitivity: 85%, specificity: 92.9%), the predicted risk of BF in the rising PSA group is 53.7% (36/56). Taking into account the two predictive models, the anticipated cure rate for the entire cohort is 89.7%. Conclusions: Patients treated with LDR-PB monotherapy and whose PSA-60 is ≤ 0.3 ng/mL are highly likely to be cured even if they experienced a slight PSA rise. However, for patients who also received ADT, a stricter cut-off of 0.1 ng/mL may be appropriate.


This article examines religious phenomena on social media. The rise of speakers on social media gives a new color to modern religious issues, as it relates to the issue of religious moderation. because the media is often used to invite and teach religious teachings in a right and rigid so that it becomes a cyber-religion that can not be accounted for its authority. This reality received many responses from the community, including students of the Faculty of Ushuluddin IAIN Kudus. This article is a qualitative study that reveals the perception of Students of Fakultas Ushuluddin on religious moderation in the midst of the media and pandemic. This article concludes that the religious cyber phenomenon is a consequence of the rise of religious preachers on social media. Amid covid-19, religious lectures also contain pandemic themes that are sometimes provocative and construction


Studies were made on the electrodepositions of copper from sulfate or cyanide baths and silver from cyanide bath under ultrasonic vibration. Discussions were made on the difference between presence and absence of ultrasonic vibration on the current-potential curves and the current efficiency-current density curves. It was observed that polarization was appreciably decreased owing to the reduction of diffusion polarization by the application of ultrasonic vibration. It was also observed that surface roughness and grain size of the deposited layer were improved by its application. These effects were particularly remarkable in silver deposition from cyanide baths, where the current density for operation was considerably increased under ultrasonic vibration for reducing the deposition time.


We present a new shell model and an accompanying discretisation scheme that is suitable for thin and thick shells. The deformed configuration of the shell is parameterised using the mid‐surface position vector and an additional shear vector for describing the out‐of‐plane shear deformations. In the limit of vanishing thickness, the shear vector is identically zero and the Kirchhoff–Love model is recovered. Importantly, there are no compatibility constraints to be satisfied by the shape functions used for discretising the mid‐surface and the shear vector. The mid‐surface has to be interpolated with smooth C1‐continuous shape functions, whereas the shear vector can be interpolated with C0‐continuous shape functions. In the present paper, the mid‐surface as well as the shear vector are interpolated with smooth subdivision shape functions. The resulting finite elements are suitable for thin and thick shells and do not exhibit shear locking. The good performance of the proposed formulation is demonstrated with a number of linear and geometrically non‐linear plate and shell examples. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Intravenous tubing, blood bags and catheters stays in contact with blood and body fluids. They are normally made by flexible PVC. The contact of PVC with this fluid is not possible for long periods and there is the necessity of addition of non-thrombogenic substances into blood. This work shows the radiation grafting process to produce copolymer PVC-g-DMAEMA, a new material that allows a future grafting of Heparin on it, and will have the perspective of avoiding undesirable substances additions to blood or body fluid contact. In this preliminary work, only radiation dose rate effect on grafting was studied.


A new video coding method based on compressive sampling is proposed, in which a video is coded using compressive measurements on video cubes. Video reconstruction is based on minimizing the total variation (TV) of the pixelwise DCT coefficients along temporal direction. The reconstruction algorithm is an efficient TV minimization algorithm based on the augmented Lagrangian method and an alternating minimization technique.


We present a method of computing genus zero two-point descendant Gromov-Witten invariants via one-point invariants. We apply our method to recover some of calculations of Zinger and Popa-Zinger, as well as to obtain new calculations of two-point descendant invariants.


Teaching reading is an important part of English teaching,but the traditional teaching process,there are a lot of problems,can not achieve the purpose of English teaching.The traditional teaching of English reading problems,research and improve teaching methods,provide some solution to improve their reading levels,to achieve the objective of teaching English are essential.


Autologous CD19 chimeric‐antigen receptor (CAR) T cells demonstrated remarkable remission rates in relapsed and refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R ALL). Here, we report results from a phase 1b/2 study of in‐house produced CD19 CAR with a CD28 costimulatory domain. Twenty‐one patients with R/R ALL were enrolled, and 20 infused. The median age was 11 years (range, 5‐48). Patients had a median of 4 prior regimens, including blinatumomab in 6 and prior stem–cell transplantation in 10. In total 8 patients had extramedullary (EM) leukemic involvement, and prior to lymphodepletion and CAR 7 had active lesions, a group underrepresented in previous trials. In vivo expansion of CAR T cells was observed in 18 patients. In total 16 patients developed cytokine release syndrome, and 11 patients developed neurotoxicity, with no toxic deaths. All responding patients were referred to an allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cell transplantation. The remission rate was 90%, including resolution of all refractory EM sites. Four responding patients relapsed, 3 who had a PCR‐MRD positive remission at 28 days following CAR‐T cells and 1 patient 21 months after an MRD‐negative response. The estimated 1‐year event‐free survival and overall survival are 73% and 90%, respectively. Patients with R/R EM ALL may also benefit from CAR‐T cell therapy.


English slang develops quickly and gets popular in modern English as an informal language variety,which enhances English language's status gradually and accepts for the public.?It makes up of neology,curtailed words,compound words,and affixation.Its language characteristic is mainly novel fashionable,humorous vivid,simple and brief,rhythm and so on.This article makes a discussion from two aspects including English slang's constitution and the language characteristic,thus enhances our abilityof reading and appreciation language.


Talk with Keith Piper and Roshini Kempadoo, organized by Monica de Miranda in the scope of her research project POST-ARCHIVE.


Abstract In this article the author uses an empirical analysis to determine if the rate at which law review articles are cited is affected by their inclusion in the Lexis or Westlaw databases. The study determines that articles in second-tier law reviews do experience an increase in citation once the article is published in Lexis or Westlaw. The implications of these findings on library acquisitions, legal research and the future of legal scholarship are discussed.


With the aging of the population, diseases related to cognitive impairment have caused great harm to society and families. Objective evaluation of the level of cognitive aging and clarification of the process and neural mechanism of cognitive aging would provide a basis for forewarning and treatment in the early stages of disease. Thus, there is a necessity to establish large-scale, high-standard community-based elderly brain health cohorts. Detailed in this paper, the Beijing Aging Brain Rejuvenation Initiative (BABRI) project, which launched in 2008 by Beijing Normal University and aimed to build a database focusing on cognitive aging and brain health, encompasses 10000 samples from elderly individuals in local communities and over 5000 multimodal neuroimaging cases. After ten years of unremitting efforts, the BABRI database has taken shape with more than 7000 community-based cases for individuals above 50 years of age. Ever since, BABRI has been used to preliminarily establish cognitive aging norms for native Chinese senior citizens, revealing the incidence and risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and systematically identifying their specific neural characteristics that may potentially serve as biomarkers for early detection before the onset of disease. Based on social needs and international trends in neuroscience, the implementation of large community-based elderly brain health cohort studies and the establishment of a multidimensional database to document the patterns of cognitive aging would provide high quality and innovative resources for elderly brain health promotion, major brain disease prevention and development of related researches, and play a key role in the implementation of new projects related to brain science in China.


Summary. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the possible need for inclusion of interaction effects between regions and age groups in mapping studies. We propose a simple model for including such an interaction in order to develop a test for its significance. The assumption of an absence of such interaction effects is a helpful simplifying one. The measure of relative risk related to a particular region becomes easily and neatly summarized. Indeed, such a test seems warranted because it is anticipated that the simple model, which ignores such interaction, as is in common use, may at times be adequate. The test proposed is a score test and hence only requires fitting the simpler model. We illustrate our approaches using mortality data from British Columbia, Canada, over the 5‐year period 1985–1989. For this data, the interaction effect between age groups and regions is quite large and significant.


During the summer and fall of 2020, foliar yellowing symptoms, including leaf mottle and interveinal yellowing with green veins were observed on several melon, squash, and cucumber plants in commercial fields in Alabama, USA. These foliar symptoms were similar to those caused by the whitefly-transmitted yellowing viruses, cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) and cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus (CYSDV) (both genus Crinivirus, Closteroviridae). A total of 231 leaf samples showing yellowing, interveinal chlorosis, and mottling (e-Xtra 1, 2) were collected from individual plants from 25 commercial fields in Alabama (70 watermelon, 52 melon, 34 pumpkin, 50 squash, and 25 cucumber) during two sampling periods, June (spring/summer season) and October (fall season) 2020. Total RNA, extracted as described in Tamang et al. (2021), was used in reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with primer sets designed to amplify portions of the CCYV and CYSDV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) genes encoded on RNA1 of these viruses (Mondal et al. 2021, submitted; Kavalappara et al., 2021). Single infections of either CYSDV or CCYV were found in 53 of 57 infected cucurbit samples (of 231 total plants), whereas both viruses were detected in four samples, all squash. In June 2020 near the end of the spring season, CYSDV was identified from 20 of 114 total cucurbit plants tested (17.5%), but CCYV was not identified from any plants. During the fall season, 37 of 117 plants (32%) tested positive for the presence of one or both criniviruses. Of the 37 virus-positive samples from the fall season, 26 were singly infected with CCYV (70%), seven were singly infected with CYSDV (19%), and four were infected with both CYSDV and CCYV (11%). The RdRp amplicon was sequenced from three CCYV-infected plants (2 squash; GenBank Accession No. MZ073347, MZ073348; 1 cucumber, MZ073349) and one CYSDV-infected plant (melon, MZ073350); the 857 nt sequenced portion of the CCYV RdRp gene was found to share 99% identity with the same sequence of CCYV RNA1 isolates from Israel (MH477611.1) and California (MW680157), whereas the 494 nt CYSDV amplicon shared 100% sequence identity with the comparable sequence from RNA1 of a CYSDV isolate from Arizona (EF547827.1). In addition, all of the CYSDV and CCYV infections were confirmed using a second set of primers that amplified 394 and 372 nt sections of the coat protein gene of each virus, respectively (Wintermantel et al., 2009; 2019), encoded on RNA2 of each viral genome. Furthermore, a recently developed multiplex RT-qPCR method (Mondal et al. 2021, submitted) was used to confirm four representative CYSDV and CCYV infections each. This is the first report of CYSDV and CCYV in cucurbit crops from Alabama. Surprisingly, CYSDV was only found in melon plants (20 of 52, 38%), whereas CCYV was only found in squash, pumpkin, and cucumber (26 of 109, 24%); no watermelon plants were infected with either virus, even though watermelon is a known host of both viruses. The identification of CCYV and CYSDV in Alabama, along with a recent report of both criniviruses from nearby Georgia (Kavalappara et al., 2021) illustrates the need for a more thorough sampling of cucurbit crops, further monitoring of the whitefly vector, Bemisia tabaci, and the identification of alternate hosts of these viruses to better understand the epidemiology of these viruses in Alabama and throughout the Gulf Coast region.


In this study, transient dynamic response of viscoelastic cylinders enclosed in filament wound cylindrical composites will be investigated. The body consists of n+1-layers, the inner layer being viscoelastic, while the outer fiber reinforced composite medium consists of η-different generally orthotropic, homogeneous and elastic layers. The governing field equations ( [1], [2] [5]) of viscoelasticity and anisotropic elasticity will be applied to each layer. The material of the viscoeiastic layer is modelled as standard linear solid. Solutions for the case of an ablating inner surface are obtained as well. The numerical results are displayed in curves denoting the variations of circumferential and radial stresses with time at different locations. The curves reveal clearly the effects of reflections and refractions at the inner and outer surfaces and the interfaces between the layers. Furthermore, the effects of damping, geometric dispersion and ablating inner boundary are clearly seen in the curves.


The equation of equivalent coefficient of friction available has drawback.The drive course is divided into three stages according to the practical situation,and the equivalent coefficient of v-belt friction is given in regard to the influence angle γ.On the basisof a practical example,the values of μv and a relationship figure of α and μv has been obtained.


Introduction:
 Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) reduces hospitalization risk in patients with reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HF). The CR HF mortality impact remains unclear.

 Methods:
 We identified Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with HF between 2014-2017 who were hospitalized with HF diagnosis in 2017. Primary exposure was CR initiation within 180 days of HF hospitalization discharge in 2017; primary outcome was all-cause mortality within 1 year. In full cohort,Cox regression modeled time from discharge to death with time-varying exposure to CR, adjusting for unbalanced characteristics and propensity to initiate CR. We applied propensity score weighting and stratification methods. Using propensity score for CR receipt and survival to the day of CR initiation, we matched 1730 patients who started CR within 180 days to 1730 who did not and modeled survival from CR initiation. We examined association between CR initiation and mortality following CR in a landmark cohort and assessed dose-response relationship between session number and mortality. We conducted sub-group analyses limited to patients with systolic HF ICD code.

 Results:
 Of 116,302 HF patients (mean age 82 years, 54% women) admitted at 4,119 hospitals, only 1.5% initiated CR in 6 months. Overall 35% of patients died within 1 year; 10.7% among those who initiated CR within 180 days and 35.2% among those who did not. CR initiation within 180 days was associated with survival benefit in full and landmark cohorts as well as in the propensity-matched analysis hazard ratio [HR]: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.33-0.47;
 P
 < 0.001 Among patients who initiated CR within 180 days and survived more than 180 days, completing 3 CR sessions was associated with lower death risk HR: 0.91 95% CI, 0.87- 0.95. In patients with systolic HF, HR: was 0.47, 95% CI 0.41-0.54;
 P
 < 0.001.

 Conclusions:
 Few patients (1.5%) with HF enrolled in CR within 180 days after hospitalization. CR initiation was associated with reduced 1-year mortality risk.


Simple and partial correlations were computed among 23 physico-chemical characteristics of L. dorsi muscle from lambs. The object was to single out those correlations which are inherent in the muscle composition and those which are dependent on nutritional status and age of the lambs. A large number of simple correlations between different characteristics were found to be significant.However, the partial correlations, adjusted for plane of nutrition and age, revealed only for a small number of significant relationships which were inherent in muscle composition.Most of the correlations were spurious, in the sense, that they depended mainly on the plane of nutrition and age of the lambs.The intensity of correlation improved between some muscle characteristics by eliminating the effect of plane of nutrition and age. This suggests that the variation in those characteristics was not only due to plane of nutrition and age but some third factor was also involved in affecting their relationships.


We prove that $C^2$ generic hyperbolic Ma\~n\'e sets contain a periodic orbit. In dimesion 2, adding a result with A. Figalli and L. Rifford, we obtain Ma\~n\'e's Conjecture for surfaces in the $C^2$ topology.


Clinical efficacy plays an important role in the existence and development of Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).Scientific assessment of TCM outcomes compels modernization and international of TCM significantly.Evidence based medicine(EBM) brings more opportunities to clinical studies of TCM,where Randomized Controlled Trial(RCT) is described as evidence of class I.So far,RCT in primarily for health care contains explanatory clinical trials and pragmatic clinical trials.Thus,this article aims to discuss deficiency and adaptability between explanatory and pragmatic clinical trials in many aspects,such as study environment,patients' selection,practitioners' selection,study design and outcome assessment.


Abstract Thymopoietin, ubiquitin, and serum thymic factor, all of which induce T cell markers on lymphocytes, have been evaluated for their capacity to induce thymus-de-pendent activities in vivo. Multiple treatments over a period of weeks failed to restore either resistance to line lb leukemia or responses to T cell mitogens in T cell-deficient C58 mice. The findings suggest that these substances are ineffective in inducing thymus-dependent im-munocompetence that is meaningful in the intact animal.


4.1 Indicators Used in the Analysis In methodology section of Chapter I, it has already been discussed that there are a number of parameters which can be used for analysing the interdependencies of informal manufaCturing sector (IMS). Based on the availability of data, the basic characteristics of the informal entrepreneurs and their modes of organising the production process, 18 indicators have been identified for analysing the interdependencies. Importance of each of the selected parameters has also been discussed in chapter I. This amounts to building up an analytical framework for understanding the growth dynamism of the urban informal sector and assess the right parameters which improve the performance of informal sector enterprises. It would also assess its growth possibilities in future years and critically analyses the indicators to which growth in the units and employment in informal sector is linked. Based on this, we can further examine some of the myths and state clearly & firmly about the informal sector's capacity in providing long term solution to the problems of unemployment and poverty in the developing countries t~at are often taken as valid without an empirical verification. The indicators used for analysing the interdependencies of IMS are listed again and given below:


After passing through the desulfurization technology of"limestone injection into furnace and activation of calcium(LI-FAC)",the physical and chemical characteristics of flue gas and smoke dust will change,with the result that it is difficult for the electrostatic precipitator(ESP)conventionally used in the pulverized coal-fired boiler to adapt to the situation.In light of the technical features of desulfurization technology,the characteristics of flue gas and smoke dust are studied,the impacts possibly caused on ESP are analyzed,the requirements for the design of ESP are put forward,and the analysis of actual example is carried out.


I make work in a variety of media including photography, collage, drawing, painting, sculpture, and installation. My work incorporates the imagery and material of the human body. My current work attempts to reckon with the following subjects: a reclamation of the notion of the so-called medical gaze and its historical record in photography; 1 the idea that receiving the medical gaze transforms patients' bodies; the idea of illness as an uncanny and intimate experience; and, finally, the act of metaphorically retracing the body's material journey through the medical institution as it exists today. I make this work in the context of a recent observation of surgery and my personal history with chronic illness and disability. The history of Western medical photography haunts my work. In my practice, I find, make, and remake images of fragile bodies caught before the lens. When I do not photograph or construct these bodies myself, I appropriate and obtain images from various collections, public and private, of the expansive category of photography that I will from this point on refer to as the Western archive or archives of medical photography. I crop these images closely in the attempt to raise questions and contemplation about what kinds of bodies or situations exist beyond their clean borders. My work shades blue and violet what once existed in sepia and grayscale. It reprints and re-buries these flattened, vulnerable bodies in veils of graphite, pigment, and erasure in the attempt, through the gesture of drawing, to symbolically reinter the images. The goal of my work is to transform these scenes of disease, control, and physical holding between patients and caregivers – often so othered by age – from spaces to be looked at, to spaces the viewer must look into. My work attempts to explore and map the liminal space between the depths of the medical institution that these archives of photography reveal and the shallows of the outside world.


Students' anxiety, speaking performance and their relation to genders have been investigated extensively in the EFL context and most participants are English students, but most of the studies with the same variables were conducted in an offline setting. Thus, the purpose of this research is to describe the anxiety levels of students who studied another language than English in learning English and to investigate the relationship between their anxiety and performance in English-speaking classes. By employing a quantitative approach, 32 male and 66 female Sundanese Language and Culture Study Program students whose anxiety levels were assessed using Horwitz et al.'s (1986) Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS) participated voluntarily in the research. Because the data were normally distributed and homogenous, the obtained data were analyzed using parametric statistical tools; independent t-test and Pearson Product Moment Correlation. The results imply that the majority of the participants' anxiety levels were moderate, and there was no statistical difference in students' anxiety levels between male and female students. Further exploration of the relationship between the anxiety levels of the students and their speaking performance was weak and negative (r = -0.12, p .68). Thus, the online and offline foreign language classroom settings do not seem to differentiate students' anxiety levels for both male and female students.


A crystal oscillator and a control circuit thereof, the control circuit comprising: a peak value detection unit (1005), for detecting the peak value of an oscillation signal of an oscillation circuit (1004) of the crystal oscillator; a voltage control unit (1003), for generating a drive signal according to the peak value of the oscillation signal of the oscillation circuit (1004) and a reference signal, the drive signal being used for enabling the oscillation circuit (1004) to start oscillating and enter an oscillation stabilization phase, and the amplitude of the drive signal decreasing after the oscillation circuit (1004) entering the oscillation stabilization phase, such that the oscillator can start normally, and then enter the oscillation stabilization phase.


Objective To study the effect of pelvic autonomic nerve preservation with total mesorectal excision on urinary and sexual function in male mid-low rectal carcinoma patients for preserving anus. Methods The survival rate of 3 years,local recurence rate,urinary function and sexual function were retropectively analysed in total mesorectal excision (TME) groups and pelvic autonomic nerve preservation (PANP) + TME group. Results There is no difference of the survival rate of 3 years,local recurence rate between the TME and PANP + TME group. But the rate of urinary dysfunction and sexual dysfunction were significantly reduced in TME group compared with PANP + TME group. Conclusion PANP + TME technique could signifcantly reduce the urinary dysfunction and sexual dysfunction.


The present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of two different solvated leaves extracts of Mussa paradisiaca Linn (MP) on experimental animals. Anti-inflammatory activity was carried out using formalin induced rat paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma models. Analgesic activity was evaluated using acetic acid induced writhing and tail immersion models. Acute toxicity studies were carried out for the extracts and the test drug doses for screening were selected depending upon LD50 values. Aqueous and ethanolic leaves extracts of MP Linn in the dose of 200 & 400 mg/kg b.w, by oral route were used after confirmation of acute toxicity. Aspirin at a dose of 100 mg/kg, b.w was used as standard analgesic drug. Both doses of the extract inhibited the rat paw edema significantly (P<0.001) and significant (P<0.001) decrease in granuloma formation. It also suppressed the pain threshold of rat in tail immersion model (P<0.001), as well as inhibited the acetic acid induced writhing (P<0.001) when compared to the control group. It is concluded that the administration of aqueous and ethanolic leaves extracts of MP produced significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects in experimental animals by dose dependent manner but the ethanol leaves extract showed more significant activity than former solvent.


Many studies have developed learning media, but few studies focus on developing learning media in ele-mentary schools using Genially and studying teachers' perceptions of Genially learning media. This study aims to determine teachers' perceptions of hybrid learning media with a more accurate and precise method, namely the item response theory (IRT) from the Rasch model. The survey was carried out by distributing a Likert scale questionnaire of 19 statements. Moreover, the subjects were 45 elementary school teachers in Riau Province, Indonesia. The results showed that they positively perceived the developed genially-based learning media. Genially learning media can support teachers in teaching. Based on these results, teachers need to develop skills in making various technology-based media, in order to support hybrid learning.


An inflatable mosquito-repellent tent is provided, which is a double-layered inflatable portable mosquito-repellent tent particularly suitable for the use in relatively-harsh environments, such as lowtemperature environment or environment with mosquito problems. The inflatable mosquito-repellent tent is produced by making a double-layered tent from gas-impermeable materials such as plastic, partitioning the bottom of tent to a plurality of zones which are inflated in order to form a plurality of gas-filled upright columns with reinforcement effect, longitudinally adhering the top of tent to form an inflatable strip, and arranging gas-permeable holes or zippered door on the inflated strip. The inflatable mosquito-repellent tent further comprises rope sleeves for allowing ropes to pass therethrough to fix the tent when the wind is heavy. With the arrangement, the tent is easily mounted at any time and any place by only needing a portable inflation pump.


There is acute clinical contrast between myotonia congenita and myasthenia gravis: that of the sthenic and the asthenic; great muscles and lean ones, progressive power and progressive weakness. By Walker's1discovery of the effectiveness of prostigmin (the dimethylcarbamic ester of 3-oxyphenyltrimethylammonium methylsulfate)2in the treatment of myasthenia and the recent observation by one of us (A. W.)3that quinine abolishes myotonus, pharmacologic tools have become available with which to show also a chemical contrast between these two disorders. The value of quinine in the treatment of myotonia is further established by the following brief report of four additional cases, bringing the total number in our series up to eight. REPORT OF CASES Case 1. —A. B., a middle-aged woman, had had myotonia atrophica for six years. Myotonus most evident in grasping movements and on percussion of the tongue, was eliminated by the administration of quinine hydrochloride, 5


The Acu embankment dam which was to be 40m high, failed on 15 December 1981 during construction, when it was still 5.2m below crest level. Changes made to the original design introduced an impervious blanket of clay under the upstream shoulder, through which the slip surface passed. Failure occurred rapidly -about half an hour -causing the construction surface to fall about 15m and the upstream toe to move horizontally 25m. For the covering abstract of the symposium see IRRD 286603. (Author/TRRL)


In Unequal Time, Dan Clawson and Naomi Gerstel draw on interviews, observations, and survey data to reveal how workers from four healthcare occupations (doctors, nurses, certified nursing assistants [CNAs], and emergency medical technicians [EMTs]) struggle to manage their time on the job. Unequal Time is likely to interest scholars who study work, occupations, family, gender, and inequality. It is not only methodologically sophisticated and full of rich detail, it also develops an insightful new conceptual framework for thinking about inequalities in time sovereignty. One of the book's great strengths is its attention to the complex and consequential intersection of social structures and social statuses in the struggle over work hours. Rather than focusing on individuals, their characteristics, and their "typical" work hours and official schedules, Clawson and Gerstel emphasize context and the "normal unpredictability" of work hours. They show that their respondents were continually struggling to negotiate their work hours, and that the outcomes of those negotiations varied widely by occupation and gender. They also emphasize that the negotiations involve workers and their bosses, but also coworkers and families, who together form a "web of time." Consider the contrast between nurses and CNAs. Skilled nurses often enact conservative gender norms by limiting the pull of the job and "putting family first." Nurses are often white, middle class, mothers with employed spouses, and have access to sick days and paid vacation. When a child is sick, nurses can take advantage of the Family and Medical Leave Act, take vacation days, or swap shifts with coworkers to get time off. Because they earn good money and are often married to full-time earners, many can also afford a temporary loss of income. Nurses are thus privileged and supported by bosses, coworkers, and spouses in their efforts to care for their children. CNAs are also generally women, but in contrast to nurses, they have fewer skills, are easier to replace, and earn far less. They are less likely to be white or middle class, and more likely to be single mothers. They often lack access to sick days or paid vacation, and many cannot Book Review 1


The coplanar waveguide (CPW) is one of the most suitable transmission lines for millimeter-wave circuits. This paper presents the development of a very wide band CAD model for the CPW and its discontinuities. The propagation characteristics of CPW and its discontinuities on semiconductor substrates are modeled using the FDTD technique. Empirical equations suitable for implementation in commercial software packages are developed. Several CPW structures were fabricated on GaAs substrates and tested. Very good agreement between the measurement and the model is observed over a wide frequency band, from 1 to 110 GHz.


Nitrogen is most limiting nutrient in crop production particularly in irrigated cerealbased cropping systems and is applied by farmers with priority to get profitable yields. During 2015-16, total fertilizer N consumption of India was 17.6 million tonnes. Nitrogen consumption by cereals is 60% and 72% of total N consumption in world and India, respectively (Raun and Johnson, 1999; FAI, 2010). Among various N management strategies site-specific N management is one of the most advanced ones. This can be International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 04 (2018) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com


General recommendations are given concerning the equivalence of radiated immunity testing results obtained experimentally in a semianechoic room (SAR) and a reverberation chamber (RC). The relation between the parameters influencing the results, i.e., the number of aspect angles in an SAR and the number of tuner steps in an RC has been inventoried in an extensive experimental campaign and is discussed in detail. To that purpose, an innovating canonical equipment under test), designed as a common reference equipment for standardized testing in both environments, has been constructed. The RC was equipped with two different and innovative tuning systems.


Abstract The purpose of this study is to identify the main features of the US discourse regarding the Tri-Border Area between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay through the analysis of 16 editions of the Patterns of Global Terrorism and of the Country Reports on Terrorism published from 2001-2016. Securitization theory is applied to explain the use of speech acts as movements to securitize the region. After employing NVivo to measure the frequency of words, a strong link between the rise of the financial semantic field and clashes in the Middle East were observed. The fact that the reports had a special emphasis regarding legislation on terrorism in the three countries was also detected.


When the frequency of a low-voltage r-f signal superposed on a probe was swept within an adequate frequency range, the d-c component of the electron current due to the nonlinearity of the sheath impedance was measured. lt was found that a resonant increase appeared in the current at the electron plasma frequency, omega /sub p/ = (4 pi N/sub 0/e/sup 2/m)/sup 1/2/, wh ere N/sub 0/ is electron density. The relation between the frequency of r-f voltage and the corresponding d-c component of the electron current to the probe is shown. The height of the resonance peak depended not only on the magnitude of the voltage, but on the collision frequency of electrons with atoms. (M.C.G.)


The social sciences of religion could be transformed by taking seriously the fact that humans are embodied. A new conceptualization of a mindful body has the potential to lead to profound shifts in how we view our subjects and their worlds. Our research strategies need to take into account that believers (and nonbelievers) are not merely disembodied spirits, but that they experience a material world in and through their bodies. Greater awareness of the social and political uses of human bodies should guide our research and theory. The human body probably seems like the most unlikely imaginable theme for a presidential address to this society, but this focus may lead us to some considerations that are central to social sciences and to religion today. Let me begin with an apocryphal creation tale:


Food habits of the eel catfi sh, Plotosus canius Hamilton 1822, were investigated in two localities, a mangrove estuary and a mudfl at, on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia for approximately two years. The eel catfi sh is associated with mangrove estuaries, creeks, mudfl ats, and shallow coastal waters, and is a commercially valuable food fi sh that is exploited by artisanal fi shermen using hook and line, and commercial barrier nets operated on intertidal mudfl ats. Within the mangrove estuary Sungai (= river) Sementa Kecil, the gut contents of eel catfi sh consisted predominantly of crustaceans living in the mangrove shore or adjoining mudfl ats. The fi sh consumed an average of about 70% by volume of brachyuran crabs comprising of Sesarmidae, and penaeid prawns. At the Sungai Buloh mudfl at, 40% of its diet consisted of bivalves such as the blood cockle, Anadara granosa (L.), Xenostrobus and Placuna sp., while other items consumed include fi sh Stolephorus sp., and Glossogobius sp. The study indicates that eel catfi sh living in mangrove estuaries and mudfl ats consumes resident invertebrates thus utilising benthic resources of the intertidal zone.


The invention provides a planting technology of cutting and introducing seedlings of three-treasure osmanthus fragrans trees, pertaining to the technical field of plant cultivation. The technology comprises the steps of: (1) selection of germchits: the introduced germchits are single stem cutting seedlings with a diameter of 2.5 to 3cm, a height of 1.7 to 2m and a crown width of 55 to 65cm; (2) selection of bases: geographical environment with abundant light illumination, relatively high humidity, good air and light penetration, and cool and wet environment is selected; (3) deep plowing and expanding the matured soil and fertilizing the abundant base fertilizer; (4) planting: the single stem cutting seedlings are planted into shallow pits which are fertilized with the base fertilizer and the planting density is 2 multiplies 2 meters, namely 166 stems per mu (mu: a Chinese unit of area, 1/15 of a hectare); and (5) follow-up management. The planting scale and growing speed of the three-treasure osmanthus fragrans trees can be greatly promoted by using the technology of the invention so as to increase the comprehensive economic benefit of the osmanthus fragrans trees.


The backdrop of this dissertation is one ubiquitous element of everyday life: the stock market. Traditionally, accounting and stock markets are logically coordinate entities and this thesis analyze ...


Hochstrasser and Murmann (2021a) developed the China Innovation Capacity Growth Index (CICGI), which is composed of eight indicators that can be used to monitor the development of China's innovation capacity. The researchers collected data to measure China's capacity in 2015 and in 2020 and concluded that China improved with respect to six of the eight indicators to achieve measurable development of its overall innovation capacity in the five-year observation period. I aim in this commentary to join the debate over the best way to measure China's innovation capacity. First, I argue that the CICGI emphasizes the output dimension of China's innovation capacity and the roles that institutional factors play in improving it but misses an important dimension of innovation capacity, that is, innovation input. In addition, the roles that institutions play in innovation are more nuanced than Hochstrasser and Murmann (2021a) imply. For instance, regarding the fourth indicator, namely share of resources flowing to non-state-owned enterprises, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China are not necessarily less innovative than non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs). Second, I contend that industrial policy plays a very important role in strengthening China's innovation capacity (Huang & Sharif, 2016). Industrial policymaking in China is typically oriented to the long term and is conducive to innovation capacity-building. China has experience and strengths in enacting a so-called mission-oriented innovation policy (Larrue, 2021; Mazzucato, 2016, 2018) to mobilize science, technology, and innovation through concerted policy efforts to address societal challenges within a defined timeframe. Although in the past such market-creating and demand-pulling industrial policies have led to rapid technological catching-up and competitiveness on the part of Chinese


The Japanese government has set 53 GW as the target level of PV deployment by 2030. However, the large‐scale introduction of PV will cause several problems in power systems. One of these problems is the increase in voltage due to decreased load demands associated with large PV active power output. Another problem is voltage variations caused by fluctuations in PV system output. In this paper, we focus our attention on the voltage and reactive power control for large‐scale PV deployment and propose voltage control using the PF (PV power factor), SC (static capacitor), and TAP (transformer tap). In the proposed method, the SC and TAP controls consider voltage stability through the use of VMPI‐i and VMPI‐i sensitivity, and the PF control suppresses voltage variation and voltage spikes. Finally, we simulate these controls using the Ward–Hale system to verify the validity of the proposed method.


Considers some of the issues which are too often forgotten when active filters are being designed. As a practising applications engineer working for an op-amp manufacturer the author is accustomed to being blamed for the failure of active filter designs to meet their specifications and would like to share a few insights on the choice of opamps.


How to place a monetary value on the environment and manmade environmental change represents a major methodological problem. The merits of using a monetary scale for valuing environmental goods are that it is familiar to all, can be related to wealth, and, if successfully implemented, can be combined with monetary information from actual costs. Assigning monetary values to "goods" not bought and sold in the marketplace is difficult at best. Several methods are available: direct costing, indirect costing, and bidding games. Direct costs measure the cost of damages associated with environmental change. Indirect costs measure values associated with environmental change (e.g., change in property values). Neither are seen as adequate for measuring net or aggregate social value for public policy decisions. Bidding games are seen as the most appropriate method. Based on the concept of consumer surplus, bidding games are said to measure the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for a good (e.g., environmental change). Four valid games can be played: 1) WTP to get a positive environmental change; 2) WTP to prevent a negative environmental change; 3) minimum willingness to accept (WTA) in compensation to forego a positive environmental change; and 4) WTA to put up with a negativemore » environmental change. Close examination of the assumptions of these games reveals two important considerations: perceived rights and perceived positive or negative nature of the proposed change. For example, if a respondent is asked to state his/her maximum WTP to prevent the construction of a power plant, the game is valid only if 1) the respondent agrees that he/she has no right to the current state and has to "purchase" the right, and 2) that the construction is perceived by the respondent as a negative change. Many environmental changes are, in fact, ambiguous with respect to rights and positive or negative quality. This is often the case across a sample of area residents. Forcing the respondent to play the wrong game (from his/her perspective) results in invalid data. This paper views the bidding games procedure as basically a socialpsychological experiment; accordingly, many of the concerns associated with such experiments are relevant here. Sampling of respondents is a key issue. To assure an accurate measure of social value for an area (town, region, state, etc.), a representative sample of respondents must give their estimates. Stimuli or the thing people are asked to bid on must be representative as well. Actual environmental settings (a forest or stream) are not always representative in the sense that the change itself cannot be represented. Photographs and verbal descriptions may suffice, depending on specific circumstances, and, in some cases, may be superior to the "real thing." Issues of bid format are reviewed. Formats that restrict the response range, say in dollars, have the advantage of structure, but may lead the respondent. Open-ended formats may offer less reliable responses and do not represent a typical market situation where a specific price is proposed. The bid itself is viewed as a stated behavioral intention, which mayor may not correlate highly with actual payment (behavior). Accordingly, the paper examines the relationship variables between attitude and behavior and concludes that the games could be designed to maximize this correlation. A review of interviewer-respondent biases was made. It was concluded that no insurmountable problems were present so long as these variables of interpersonal dynamics were taken into consideration. Psychometric concerns were explored, asking the basic question: Are the "dollars" of the response scale equivalent to the dollars exchanged for goods in the marketplace? It was concluded that the scales of response undoubtedly have interval properties, but no evidence exists to suggest the presence of ratio properties. Validation studies must be done. A final assessment of bidding games must await the future. The techniques already hold much promise. Because bidding games are very new, it would be premature to judge them as not adequate. At this point, they appear to be the best available method for valuing environmental change.« less


Manokwari is one of the producers of chicken eggs in West Papua province. The need for nutritious food is especially foods that contain protein today. This makes the need for chicken eggs to increase with the growth of the people of Manokwari. It is necessary to increase the population of laying chickens to meet the needs in Manokwari especially in Masni district. The addition of the population can be either DOC or Layer, so it is necessary to analyze financial feasibility to determine if the population increase is feasible from financial aspects. This research was conducted on poultry hatchling in the village of Kenyum Fowl in the Kampung Muara Masni District which assumed a bias for the addition of livestock as many as 1,220 laying chickens. This research was conducted on the efforts of poultry chicken laying in Kenyum for 2 weeks, starting from 23 December 2019 until 5 January 2020. The method used is a quantitative method with a case study approach. The subject in this study is the business owner of Poultry Egg laying chicken Kenyum. The sampling method performed is intentionally (purposive). The data collected in this study is primary data and secondary data. The results of this study stated that the business of Kenyum poultry in katakana deserves to be carried out from the financial aspect, both in DOC and layer additions. This is because assessments made using investment criteria show good results or qualify for eligibility. The value of Payback Period (PP) or the rate of return for 3 years 8 months for addition in the form of layers and 2 years 8 months for the addition of layers, and both are not more than the age of business is 5 years. The value of Net Present Value (NPV) produced in the business of poultry chicken egg laying Kenyum at a deposit interest rate of 5.5% is 331,899,382 for additions in the form of DOC and 2,259,789,228 for the addition of layers. The IRR (Internal Rate of Return) value for the addition of DOC is 22.54% and 89.37% for adding layers. As well as the Profitabillity Index (PI) value of 1.84 and 6.710.


Given that oxidative stress plays a major role in pancreatic β-cell
 dysfunction and ultimate destruction, as well as in different complications
 of diabetes, therapy with antioxidants has assumed an important place in
 diabetes management. The relatively limited effects of established
 antioxidant compounds have stimulated efforts to develop new therapeutic
 strategies, e.g. to increase the endogenous antioxidant defenses through
 pharmacological modulation of key antioxidant enzymes. Plant extracts are
 gaining popularity in treating diabetes because many substances synthesized
 by higher plants and fungi possess antioxidant activities and can prevent or
 protect tissues against the damaging effects of free radicals. This review
 summarizes experimental models of diabetes and possible mechanisms that lie
 behind the antioxidative effects of α-lipoic acid (LA), a powerful
 antioxidant and compound that stimulates cellular glucose uptake, as well as
 of plant extracts from sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa), edible mushroom
 (Lactarius deterrimus) and natural products containing β-glucans in the
 treatment of diabetes. Their roles in preventing pancreatic β-cell death and
 in ameliorating the effects of severe diabetic complications are discussed.
 [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 173020]


The use of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) applications is growing dramatically,especially for BitTorrent file sharing system. It is therefore become ugerent to classify and monitor the traffic generated by BitTorrent from the ISP's perspective. In this paper,we design a BitTorret traffic classification system across a large ISP network through packets captuiring and application-level reassembly. The measurement of the backbone router of a larsge ISP shows that our system is able to classify the traffic accuratly and efficiently under the gigantic network traffic load.


The metabolisms of four 14C-tagged amplifiers of phleomycin are followed in mice. 2-(Benzothiazol- 2'-ylthio)acetamide (1c) gives mainly the corresponding acid (1e) in the urine; 2-(benzoxazol-2'- ylthio)acetamide (1d) likewise gives the acid (1f); N-methyl-2-(s-triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidin- 3'-ylthio)propionamide (2b) gives unchanged material (c. 20%) plus not the corresponding acid (2c), but its [1,5-a] isomer (3c) in 60% yield; and 2-(5',7'-diethyl-s-triazolo[4,3- a]pyrimidin-3'-ylthio)-acetamide (2i) proves much more stable by giving mainly unchanged material (>60%). Minor metabolites are formed in each case. Syntheses and N.M.R. spectra of the above substrates and related derivatives are reported as well as their activities as amplifiers of phleomycin against in vitro cultures of Escherichia coli.


Rescue vehicles arriving at the accident site on time are essential for road rescue. The problem is heavy traffic causes difficulties in ensuring a quick rescue. Unintentionally or intentionally, the vehicles ahead do not necessarily give way. An informative and incentive mechanism to encourage more people to transfer road rights in emergencies is required to solve the problem. We have proposed a blockchain-based cooperative incentive system consisting of a program to ask drivers for road priority combines a incentive smart contract to reward those who transfer road rights to vehicles during emergencies.


The focus of this research was concerned with studying lower body type for Korean adult females. information from the measuring values based on research on the physical standard of the nation(2004) were summarized, in addition a factor of the need for appropriate fit in boots cut jean wear, basic lower body part applying to each item had to be taken into consideration to enhance sizing suitability. The body type are classified into three kinds by means of factor analysis and cluster analysis. Type 1 referred to the fat lower body, having thick rounding waist. compared to other body parts, and long leg according to its proportion. Type 2 represented medium stature but with a large skeleton structure of lower body. Type 3 represented a the long lower body having slender rounding waist. This study was attempted to evaluate the fitness of boots cut jeans pattern for women using 3D Clothes Modeling Software.


the 'European plotline' (p. 155). As Susanne Leuenberger points out in 'The One Facing the Many' (pp. 137–140), 'converts are [perceived as] dangerous hybrids, polluting and challenging the cultural superiority and purity' (p. 138) of the native European social order. Despite much empirical evidence that Muslim converts tend to be socially well-adjusted members of their respective societies, this trope of the convert as constitutively 'radical' persists because it allays anxieties associated with the alarming and incomprehensible possibility of 'holding aMuslim identity and a European national identity concurrently' (p. 171). The cognitive dissonance elicited by such a possibility is a testament not just to the growing visibility of Europe's Muslim population but centuries of received wisdom about Islam as the paradigmatic antagonist, the quintessential 'other' of European identities. Debating Islam covers a lot of territory in surveying the discursive landscape that situates Islam on the continent. But the volume's most telling concern appears to be the corrosive effect 'debating' Islam could have on the future of European democracy and on the cultural evolution of European societies. In 'Protecting Democracy, Misrecognizing Muslims' (pp. 313–330) Matteo Gianni argues that the ubiquitous refrain that Muslim 'individuals [who] adjust to specific [European] values can strongly limit their democratic empowerment,' which hence entails 'a progressive depoliticization of citizenship as a category of practice' (p. 314). In this reading, the rhetoric of Muslim assimilation and integration masks a more sinister conception of European identity and its attendant values as completed events, no longer amenable to democratic intervention by new (or existing) actors. The structural ambiguity built into properly democratic polities and into positive law itself congeals into an insidious certainty when particular iterations of an essentialized ethno-liberal ethos are presented to Muslims as Yes/No propositions. This has consequences for more than just the Muslims being interrogated for their loyalty to this or that national polity. Ultimately, such rhetoric is discursively transformative of the more general conception of citizenship itself as mere expression of identity rather than an engine for its continuing evolution. In this sense, Europeans debating Islam are involved in an intricate process of self-formation with the Muslim 'other' no longer across the table but in the mirror. Contributors to this anthology have done an excellent job of mapping out this complex present moment in Islam's continuing historical significance to Europe's past, present, and future.


While incidents of xenophobia, or the occurrence thereof, in some parts of South Africa, are both deplorable and deeply reprehensible, it is important never to ignore the political factors that perpetuate them. Using the interpretive method, this article drew on the literature to present or reinterpret the story of Noah's Ark in Genesis 6:13-9:29 and the Great Commission of Matthew 28:16-20 in a way that is aimed at defusing xenophobia in South Africa. The Missio Politica as used in this paper provided a missiological framework in which political factors perpetuating xenophobia were seen as an obstacle to the goals of the Missio Dei, particularly the complete redemption of humanity. This paper argued that the continued unlawful imposition of international sanctions against some African countries such as Zimbabwe and, moreover, the lack of refugee camps in countries such as South Africa significantly exacerbates the problem of xenophobia. Consequently, pursuant to defusing xenophobia in South Africa, this paper calls for a renewed mission that includes rejecting unlawful sanctions against African countries and establishing refugee camps not only in South Africa but in all African countries.

Keywords: Missio Dei, Noah's Ark, Missio Politica, Xenophobia, Africa, South Africa


F or several cancers, the number of lymph nodes removed and the extent of lymphadenectomy are associated with survival. Although largely based on observational studies, this association has permeated surgical thinking, and considerable debate regarding the importance of lymph node count and extent of lymphadenectomy has emerged in many surgical circles. For bladder cancer, in which a growing number of studies have outlined the association between increasing lymph node count and survival, the debate has gained traction more recently. During the development of this discourse, however, several of the central components of the debate have become entangled. Consequently, distinctions between association, causation, and quality have been blurred. In this issue of Cancer, Wright and colleagues set out to further inform the debate in a detailed and thorough observational study. Using data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program, the authors examine the association between extent of lymphadenectomy, as measured by lymph node count, and survival in the setting of lymph node-positive bladder cancer. They report an independent, inverse correlation between the number of lymph nodes removed and the risk of death for each category of lymph node count analyzed. In cases characterized by relatively low lymph node counts (1–5 lymph nodes), for example, median survival was 13 months, and increased proportionately with each incremental increase in lymph node count, reaching 23 months in cases where 10 lymph nodes were removed during cystectomy. Lymph node density, a derivative measure of disease burden (the number of positive lymph nodes divided by the total number of lymph nodes) also correlated significantly with survival. After adjusting for measurable patient-level factors, patients who had 10 lymph nodes removed during cystectomy were nearly half as likely to die compared with patients who had 5 lymph nodes removed at the time of surgery (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval, 0.43–0.64). On the basis of these results, the authors conclude that lymph node count is independently assoSee referenced original article on pages 2401 8, this issue.


Work stress is often caused by work that is assigned to employees with excessive workload which can affect the quality of performance. Therefore supervision is very important to balance the two. This study aims to determine the effect of workload, work stress, and supervision on employee work performance at PT Yanmar Diesel Indonesia, and to determine work stress can mediate the effect of workload on employee performance at PT Yanmar Diesel Indonesia. This study uses a quantitative method with data collection using a Google form questionnaire. The results showed that Workload (WL) has a negative effect on employee performance (KK) with a coefficient value of -0.751. Supervision (PS) has a negative effect on employee performance (KK) with a coefficient value of -0.101. Workload (WL) has a negative effect on employee performance (KK) through work stress (SK) with a coefficient value of -0.080. Supervision (PS) has a negative effect on employee performance (KK) through work stress (SK) with a coefficient value of -0.39. Work stress (SK) has a negative effect on employee performance (KK) with a coefficient value of -0.136. Workload (WL) has a positive effect on work stress (SK) with a coefficient value of 0.587. Supervision (WL) has a positive effect on work stress (SK) with a coefficient value of 0.289.


Introduction Hypoxia, which is water mass contained little dissolved oxygen (<2 ml of O2 / litter) [1], is known as dead zone in coastal sea. In Tokyo bay, grand-scale dredging operations had been done in 1970s, then, severe hypoxia has observed in annual summer seasons. Though strong hypoxia is especially observed in dredged area, influence of dredged area is not revealed against hypoxia. To understand relation between hypoxia and dredged area, methods which can estimate coastal environment in dredged area are needed. When organic matters accumulate at the seabed, chemical states of elements are altered by various reduction reactions. Sulfur exists as sulfate ion of good solubility. Sulfate ion reduces to sulfide ion of difficult solubility by the sulfate reduction reaction, as redox condition become to reduction. Chemical states of sulfur in sediments have often been used as index to evaluate redox condition in water. Therefore, by separation of chemical states of sulfur in sediments by XANES, we evaluate redox condition in dredged area from obtained spectra with respect to each depositional age.


The role of nitrogen fixing trees in improvement of soil fertility is well documented. Seeds of Acacia catechu, Albizia chinensis and Alnus nitida were sown in polybags (30 cm x 45 cm) in the month of March to study their nodulation behaviour and nitrogen fixation potential. Observations on nodulation were made during June (pre-monsoon); December (early winter) and September (postmonsoon) i.e. at the age of 3, 9 and 18 months. The nitrogen fixation potential was, however, estimated after 18 months. Number and biomass (fresh and dry) of nodules on different root categories (primary, secondary and tertiary) were recorded and data were analyzed as per completely randomized block design. The order of nodulation (number of nodules/plant) was Alnus nitida (800)> Albizia chinensis (75)> Acacia catechu (61), despite the delayed nodulation in A. nitida. The shapes of their respective nodules were spheroidal imbedded with small beads, palmate type and more or less cylindrical, respectively. Least nodulation was observed during June (3 months) and maximum during next September (18 months). However, good size of nodules with regard to age of plants was observed in December (9 months). Efficiency of roots to nodulate decreased from tap root to laterals. Though most of the nodules were concentrated on the latter yet the earliest nodulation was observed in former. The highest nitrogen content was recorded in roots and shoots of Alnus nitida followed by Albizia chinensis and lowest in Acacia catechu. Contrary to this, maximum nitrogen content was registered in nodules of Acacia catechu and minimum in Alnus nitida. Alnus nitida (14.10 kgha yr−1) fixed the highest quantity of nitrogen followed by Albizia chinensis (8.84 kgha yr−1) and Acacia catechu (7.41 kgha yr−1).


The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need and the possibility of diversification of the Russian regional economic system, including resources-extractive regions, in the form of a gradual transformational transition to the knowledge economy. The research is conducted on the basis of systematic approach. The work resulted in the selection of a new transformation model of the regional economic system, i.e. diversification based on the development of the knowledge economy, with the diversification index for this model being proposed. Besides, the positive impact of the level of development of the knowledge economy in the region on the diversification of its economic structure was proved and the increase in the level of diversification of the economy of the resource-extractive region with the development of the knowledge economy infrastructure was confirmed. The scope of practical application of the results is the development of regional socio-economic policy on the basis of the proposed approach to the diversification of the regional economic system in the process of its long-term transformation towards the establishment of the knowledge economy.