A handful of studies and rough estimations confirm that roughly 1.3 billion tons of food get wasted. The staggering volume of food waste management has been shed light and constitutes a significant challenge because of -its environmental, social, and economic impacts. Recent estimates suggest that 8-10% of global greenhouse gas emissions are due to non-food conception, and the global economic costs of food waste have reached US$750 million per Annam. That is why Sustainable Development Goal 12.3 calls for the importance of food waste management. Wastes of bread represent an important fraction of retail food leftovers. If non-consumed food has been widely valorized in previous years, bread waste is nowadays increasingly of heightened attention. Bread waste can be a promising feedstock for producing bio-conversion value-added products. Recently, several technological methods have been reported for the possibility of transforming bread waste into eco-friendly materials such as ethanol, lactic acid, succinic acid, biohydrogen… etc. This study, based on recent research, sheds light on the possibility to convert food waste, especially bread leftovers into bioethanol by using waste bread as the sole source of nutrients for the growth of Aspergillus niger, which produces glucose, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which produces ethanol from glucose (i).


Chaos theory has a manifold variety of applications in science and engineering. In this paper, new chemical chaotic reactor equations are derived by modifying the chemical chaotic reactor system obtained by the Huang (2005). This paper gives a summary description of the novel chemical reactor dynamics and the chaos dynamic analysis. Next, new results are obtained for the adaptive synchronization of the novel 3-D chemical chaotic reactor systems. MATLAB plots have been depicted to illustrate the phase portraits of the novel chemical chaotic attractor and the global chaos synchronization of the novel 3-D chemical chaotic reactor systems via adaptive control method.


A novel service robot system was proposed in this paper. The system consists of a robot which has a microphone array corresponding to humanpsilas ears. The robot can understand some specifically voice commands and localize the direction of speaker. Speech recognition is realized based on pattern matching. Speaker localization is realized based on time delay of arrival (TDOA) estimation using robot hearing. The system was tested in room environment: robot could recognize speech, localize speaker and get to the position of speaker. Such a mobile robot has potential for application in somewhere voice communication plays a crucial role. The method is proved efficient enough for real-time operation.


A strong denaturant to cleave intramolecular hydrogen bonds in RNA is required for RNA size separation in a small sample volume (<10 nL). We found that carboxylic acids were strong denaturants for RNA and the RNA separation performance was dramatically improved by capillary electrophoresis with a sieving matrix containing acetic acid. We revealed that the denaturing ability of 2.0 M acetic acid was stronger than that of either 2.5 M formaldehyde or 7.0 M urea by estimating DNA melting temperature. Consequently, we suggested "in‐capillary denaturing polymer electrophoresis" as the RNA size separation methodology to simultaneously denature and separate RNA in a small sample volume without conventional in vitro sample preparation before electrophoresis. The baseline separation of RNA with a size of 100–10 000 nt was achieved in 25 min by "in‐capillary denaturing polymer electrophoresis" with the running buffer containing 2.0 M acetic acid. The resolution and the theoretical plates of RNA separation peaks were larger than those of the RNA separation in a conventional CGE with in vitro sample preparation by 7.0 M urea. In addition, we detected RNA peaks from the nucleic acids extracted from NIH 3T3 cells without DNase enzyme treatment.


In this paper, we present and evaluate alternative techniques to effect the use of location-independent identifiers in distributed database systems. Location-independentidentifiers are important to take full advantage of migration and replication as they allow accessing objects without visiting the servers that created the objects. We will show how a distributed index structure can be used for this purpose, we will present a simple, yet effective replication strategy for the nodes of the index, and we will present alternative strategies to traverse the index in order to dereference identifiers (i.e., find a copy of an object given its identifier). Furthermore, we will discuss the results of performance experiments that show some tradeoffs of the proposed replication and traversal strategies and compare our techniques to an approach that uses locationdependent identifiers like many systems today.


This contribution starts with a short overview on classic Integral Equation techniques for the analysis of periodic structures. Then, an efficient iterative procedure will be presented for periodic and quasi periodic structures.


"The use of expert systems as pedagogical devices has received little attention in the accounting literature. This study reports on an experiment that was designed to assess the effects of expert system use on student learning. The cognitive theories of learning were drawn on to develop a framework for measuring learning when expert systems are used as pedagogical aids. Two components of leaning, declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge were measured. Treatment groups used either an expert system, received instruction, or used an expert system and received instruction. The results indicate that instruction facilitated the development of declarative knowledge to a greater extent than the use of an expert system. Further, the results indicate that expert system use facilitated the development of procedural knowledge to a greater extent than the use of instruction. Thus, although students who learned transfer pricing using an expert system outperformed students who had learned the same subject matter through instruction in a procedural test, the expert system users did not appear to understand why the procedures they followed were effective. "


Enterococcus is an opportunistic pathogen, pathogenesis mechanism Enterococcus faecalis remains unknown,there are many faecalis virulence factors, which could lead to disease occur, in addition, external factors can induce this disease. Enterococcus major cause of human gastrointestinal disease, infection can also cause a variety of animal disease,there are have boars orchitis, Ostrich lung and pleural purulent, gallinarum septicemia, weak young chick and death,young lamb encephalitis and goslings septicemia. Analysis of pathogenic and Enterococcus faecalis, Overview faecalis pathogenicity island and its common pathogenic factor. Finally, the relevant control measures.


Poly-p-xylylene prepared by pyrolysis of di-p-xylylene has been degraded under vacuum and in the presence of oxygen as a function of temperature and oxygen pressure. The vacuum pyrolysis is mainly due to "abnormal" structures. Volatiles are initially produced quite slowly, but the reaction accelerates subsequently. Arrhenius equations were derived for various ranges of volatile formation. A mechanism has been formulated consisting of random chain scission followed by depropagation (dimers to pentamers); simulatanously another zip reaction produces hydrogen. The thermal, oxidative degradation has been studied above and below the softening point of the polymer as a function of oxygen pressure. A first-order reaction of volatile formation due to "abnormal" chain scission is followed by normal chain scission, which is also first order. The postulated mechanism leads initially to hydroperoxide formation. Arrhenius equations for volatile formation are different below and above the softening point. Oxygen consumption also follows a first-order reaction with an energy of activation of 31.5 kcal/mole.


We report the effect of pressure on the photoinitiated hydrogen transfer reaction in a mixed crystal of acridine in fluorene. Upon excitation to its triplet state, the aza‐atom of acridine abstracts a hydrogen atom from the methylene bridge of fluorene. The reaction rate constant for both the hydro‐ and deutero‐ (methylenic) species has been measured as a function of pressure. For both species, the room temperature transfer rate increases exponentially with increasing pressure. Furthermore, the rate of change is the same for the two isotopic species. At 77 K, the H‐transfer rate again increases exponentially, but with a smaller slope. In contrast, the D‐transfer rate remains too small to affect the precursor triplet lifetime which hardly changes over a pressure range of 36 kbar. The H‐transfer rate was also measured as a function of temperature for a few higher pressures. A temperature independent regime is observed at low temperature. This limiting low temperature rate increases with pressure and reflect...


'Negotiating Special Relationships: Susanne Bier's Comedies' highlights the diversity of Bier's films by analyzing her comedies, which, Gunhild Agger argues, borrow from and innovate characteristics derived from distinct romantic comedy traditions. Agger reads Bier's The One and Only (Den eneste ene 1999) as a Danish language, screwball comedy best understood as a modern take on a template established by Classical Hollywood films. Meanwhile, Agger connects Love Is All You Need to trends in romantic comedy that are visible in more recent British and American films, most notably Four Weddings and a Funeral (1994), which inspired a number of transatlantic co-productions targeting the massive audience it attracted. In outlining key features of these films, Agger highlights that Love Is All You Need is significantly more cross-cultural and transnational than The One and Only and explicitly utilizes formal and narrative devices to cite its American and British predecessors. She also stresses that while the film is mainly in Danish, it includes aspects of English and Italian languages and cultures as part of its appeal to transnational spectators.


Numerical shock instabilities are deficiencies that may occur when predicting a shockwave in compressible flow computations. These deficiencies are usually present in shock capturing schemes with minimal numerical diffusion (i.e. Roe flux) when computing slowly moving shock problems, the hypersonic wall heating problem (Noh's problem) and even when simply predicting a steady state supersonic flow past a circular cylinder. For the supersonic flow past a cylinder, the predicted solution would normally consist of a pair of oblique shocks as opposed to the correct solution which is a bow-shock. Thus, the predicted thermodynamic quantities behind the shockwave are incorrect, compromising the overall flow predictions around the cylinder. This problem is also infamously known as the carbuncle phenomenon. The carbuncle problem has been around for more than 20 years yet there is no consensus within the literature of its true 'cause'. Recent studies have pointed out that the carbuncle may manifest itself in 2D, 1 1...


A variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, such as machine translation, benefit from knowledge of the words syntactic categories or Part-of-Speech (POS). Since there is no state-of-the-art POS tagger for Myanmar language and POS tagging is a necessary process for Myanmar to English machine translation system, the development of a Bigram POS tagger is described in this paper. This tagger uses the customized POS tagset which is divided into two groups: basic and finer. Our Bigram tagger has two phases for disambiguating the basic POS tags: training with Hidden Markov Models (HMM) using Baum-Welch algorithm and decoding with Viterbi algorithm. Before disambiguation, word boundaries must be identified because words are not separated by spaces and there is no standard break among words in Myanmar Language. Therefore, the process for identifying each word has to be done in advance. After disambiguation, to produce the better output, normalization rules are used in order to form tagged words with the finer POS tags. This paper proposes an approach that will segment the input sentence to build meaningful words and tag these words with appropriate POS tags. By experiments, this approach has the best performance for known words with a few ambiguous tags. Experimental results show that our approach achieves high accuracy (over 90%) for different testing input.


This report contains furthers analysis finding more accurate boundaries (pruning) to get a better performance for a specific backtracking algorithm based on the pattern problem. The problem statement is modest-sized to understand the combining criteria implemented reducing substantially the amount of time invested processing, and grows exponentially to the size of the problem making it expensive without applying any constraint.


In article on the basis of the analysis of the legislation of a number of the states of Eastern Europe (Romania, Hungary, Montenegro, Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria) are considered questions of a legal regulation, ensuring realization and criminal legal protection of the professional rights of the advocate defender in the territory of the respective states.


The High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) array is sensitive to high energy Cosmic Rays (CR) in the $\sim 10$ to $\sim 200$ TeV energy range, making it possible to construct maps of the so called "Sun Shadow" ($SS$), i. e. of the deficit of CR coming from the direction of the Sun. In this work, we present the variation of the Relative Intensity of the deficit ($SS_{RI}$) for three years of HAWC observations form 2016 to 2018 in which we found a clear decreasing trend of the ($SS_{RI}$) over the studied period, corresponding to the declining phase of the solar cycle 24. By comparing the $SS_{RI}$ with the photospheric magnetic field evolution, we show that there is a linear relationship between the $SS_{RI}$ and the median photospheric magnetic field of the Active Region belt (-40$^\circ \le$ lat $\le$ 40$^\circ$) and a inverse linear relationship with the polar photospheric magnetic field (lat $\ge \pm$ 60$^\circ$). The former relationship is due to the magnetic field causing a deviation of the CR, whereas the latter reflects the change of the heliospheric field topology from multipolar to dipolar configurations. These relationships are valid only when the median magnetic field is lower than 8 G, during the declining and minimum phases of the solar cycle 24. Finally, we show that relativistic charged particles, in the 10 to 200 TeV energy range, are deflected a few degrees.


Nighttime narratives could be critical to consolidating memories, argue two sleep researchers In When Brains Dream, sleep scientists Antonio Zadra and Robert Stickgold detail the latest research that seeks to understand what occurs in our brains when we dream, and they present theories about what purposes dreaming may serve.


This single-actuator-and-cam, remotely adjustable, exterior vehicle rear-view mirror provides the driver with glare-free viewing toward the rear of the vehicle, by switching between a high-reflectivity position and a low-reflectivity position at the same view adjustment. The exterior rear-view mirrors are repositioned with only a single motor working with a rotary cam to scan all possible mirror positions. The single-motor mechanism increases the reliability of the mirror system. The single motor accomplishes both the directional alignment and the day/night reflectivity adjustment of the mirror by use of a cam which has positions for all predicted view positions, with two reflectivity positions for each view. This invention works equally well with flat wedge mirrors and wide-angle convex wedge mirrors. Since each position is unique, each directional/reflectivity position can be assigned a set of digital coordinates which can be stored for each vehicle driver and each glare condition, for an initial setting which can be easily, or even automatically, adjusted for changes as the driver desires. Customizing features include manual and vehicle driver identification controlled override, start-up reset, and glare threshold setting.


Doctor-patient interaction is an important process particularly in those cases where the diagnosis and following treatment is based primarily on the information acquired from such interaction. It seems, however, that in the Czech Republic the importance of understanding the process associated with doctor-patient interviews has not been taken into serious consideration. The presented review shows why Czech doctor-patient communication research should be viewed as rather unsatisfactory.


In this paper, we focus on how focal firms influence business ecosystem stability through patent management. We present and discuss a case study of Thales Alenia Space, a leader in the aerospace industry, and its ecosystem partners. We make two counterintuitive insights about ecosystem management. First, a focal firm can use patents in a new way in order to ensure the stability of its ecosystem. Second, patent licensing facilitates an inverted pattern of knowledge creation and commercialisation between large and small firms, in which small firms are able to commercialise innovations created by large firms in unexpected markets. Furthermore, this article contributes to the literature on patent management by providing new evidence on the external leveraging of knowledge.


Rocking device, comprising: a frame (102); a plurality of swing arms (116, 118) which are pivotally connected to the frame (102); a mounting platform (110) which is connected with the rocking arms (116, 118), wherein the mounting platform (110) includes a support frame (142), and a connecting structure (144) having an upper portion connected to the holding frame (142) , and a lower portion extending from the support frame (142) down and with the swing arms (116, 118) is connected, wherein the swing arms (116, 118) so can be operated in that the mounting platform (110) relatively is rocked to the frame (102); and a portable baby-holding device (104, 200 300), which is adapted to be detachably on the support frame (142) of said mounting platform (110) can be attached.


Over 100 years ago, a group of aeronautical experimenters led by Octave Chanute flew a series of glider designs along the Southern shore of Lake Michigan. An authentic replica of their most successful biplane design was engineered, constructed, tested and safely flown by the author. The avocational project was a multi-disciplinary educational adventure in the context of recreating a part of early aviation history. This paper discusses early history, engineering and construction, flight test results, and educational aspects of the replica project.


Despite the enormous attention it received, the Terri Schindler-Schiavo litigation is not legally significant. The litigation involved the application of a fairly well-settled legal framework. This framework permitted, however, an unjust result. The controversy over Terri's fate has, though, helped to focus attention on a consensus that is in need of re-examination. This paper explores the lessons that ought to be learned from the Terri Schindler-Schiavo litigation. After briefly discussing the basic facts and the complex litigation history, the paper considers the relevant federal constitutional and Florida law. The paper then critiques Florida law and explains the legal and moral considerations that ought to inform the re-examination that is so sorely needed. The most important effort needed is to restore the sanctity of life ethic.


A display substrate and a method for manufacturing the same are provided to prevent the mis-alignment between color filters and pixel regions, by forming the color filters in an inner space defined by partitioning patterns correspondingly to the pixel regions through an inkjet type. A plurality of gate lines and data lines are formed to define a plurality of pixel regions on a transparent substrate(110). Switching elements(TFT) are formed at each of crossings of the gate lines and the data lines. Storage lines(STL) are formed between the gate lines. Each of the storage lines includes a first layer of a transparent conductive material and a second layer of an opaque metal material, wherein the second layer is formed on a portion of the first layer. Storage electrodes(158) are extended from the switching elements, wherein the storage electrodes overlap the storage lines. Partitioning patterns(170) are formed on the gate lines, the data lines, the switching elements, and the storage electrodes. Color filters(180) are formed in inner spaces defined by the partitioning patterns. Pixel electrodes(PE) are formed on the transparent substrate, and electrically connected to the switching elements.


Among various heavy-metal pollutants the most phytotoxic agents are Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Cu and Zn. Ions of these metals present in the environment can be the reason of a reduced plant growth, permanent damage of cells, tissues and organs and they can eventually lead to death. Heavy metals affect biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments and assembly of the photosynthetic apparatus, which frequently results in chlorosis. There is growing evidence on the influence of heavy metals on particular steps of chlorophyll (Chl) biosynthesis. However, relatively little is known about their effect on protochlorophyllide (Pchlide) to chlorophyllide (Chlide) photoreduction. In angiosperms growing in darkness, biosynthesis of Chl is halted at the step of Pchlide formation (Sundqvist and Dahlin 1997; Schoefs 1999). The reduction of Pchlide to Chlide is triggered by light. This reaction is catalysed by the nuclear-encoded enzyme NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR). In etiolated plants, Pchlide is accumulated in the etioplast inner membranes (EPIM), as a spectrally inhomogeneous pool. Four spectral forms of Pchlide were found having absorption maxima at 630, 645, 650, 670 nm (Böddi et al. 1992). Only the Pchlide associated with POR, having the 77 K fluorescence maximum at 655-657 nm can be reduced upon light. The photoinactive Pchlide has a fluorescence maximum at 633 nm. Up to now, only the influence of cadmium on the spectral properties of Pchlide accumulated in etiolated plants was reported (Böddi et al. 1995). The effect was observed as the decrease of the 77 K fluorescence intensity of photoactive Pchlide and the increase of the band of photoinactive Pchlide. Similar results were found by Stobart et al. (1985) for 77 K absorption spectra. On the contrary, Horváth et al. (1996) found that neither Pchlide accumulation nor its transformation to Chlide were inhibited by cadmium. In the present work the influence of Cd, Cr, Fe, Cu on spectral properties of accumulated Pchlide and Pchlide to Chlide photoreduction was investigated.


Occuring and developing of colorectal cancer is a pathology process involving many genes and many steps.We reviewed the survivin gene-eareinomatous gene,composite dispatch about its function and action of colorectal cancer occurring,developing,erode and transform.


Emotion recognition ability is considered to be crucial for human relationships in general and it is accepted as a part of emotional intelligence concept. According to growing body of research, the ability to read and understand facial expressions of emotions is related to various personality constructs and it can be improved by training. The primary aim of this study was to determine whether instruction in the use of focused observation of facial expressions and in reflection of this process would enhance the development of emotion recognition ability in nursing and psychology students. Students of psychology (n = 96) and nursing (n = 90) were administered computerized 30 standardized manifestations of basic emotions and neutral expressions (Warsaw Set of Emotional Facial Expression Pictures, Olszanowski et al., 2008) and 36 items of revised "Reading the mind in the eyes test" (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001). Then they were asked to estimate the number of correctly judged stimuli. Finally, they were asked to complete two observation sheets within the next two weeks. After this period the observation sheets were collected and ATINER CONFERENCE PAPER SERIES No: PSY2013-0520 7 participants were tested again by different 30 standardized manifestations of basic emotions and neutral expressions and 36 items of revised "Reading the mind in the eyes test". Results suggest that participants who completed the task felt more confident and were better at recognizing expressions of emotions as measured by the first test, but not the second one. Results can be interpreted in the context of automatic vs. controlled process that relates to reading facial expressions. Implications for education and training in helping professions are discussed.


OBJECTIVE To set up the quality standard of Compound Angelicae sinensis capsules.METHODS Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix Et Rhizoma Notoginseng,Borneolum Syntheticum were determines by TLC.An HPLC method was established for determination of Ferulic Acid in Compound Angelicae sinensis capsules.The chromatographic column was Kromasil C18(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),UV detection wavelength was 320 nm,a mixture of 0.1%phosphate-water and methanol(70:30)was used as mobile phase,and the flow rate was 1 ml·min-1.RESULTS The calibration curve of emodin was linear over the range of 2.404-12.020 μg·ml-1 and the average recovery was 100.81%.CONCLUSION This methods is fast,reliable and accurate.


Abstract Compositional analyses of reservoir fluids from oil and gas accumulations in North Sumatra have been compiled to describe and predict the occurrence of CO2. Carbon isotope compositions of CO2 demonstrate that it is primarily derived from inorganic sources. A set of simple empirical models was developed which utilize reservoir lithology, temperature and pressure to calculate upper and lower limits for CO2 concentrations. The initial estimation in all of the models is based on a least squares linear regression of CO2 partial pressure and reservoir temperature derived from a study of sandstone reservoirs in the Gulf of Mexico (Smith and Ehrenberg, 1989). This correlation provides an accurate prediction of CO2 concentrations, +/- 15%, for 90% of the clastic reservoirs examined in North Sumatra. CO2 concentrations in carbonate reservoirs show a much wider positive variation from the regression values. The variation between calculated and observed CO2 concentrations shows a systematic relationship to reservoir temperature. Reservoirs at temperatures less than 280° F have observed CO2 concentrations 15% to 30% higher than the calculated values. At temperatures in excess of 280° F, the range of observed CO2 concentrations expands to 0% to 30% higher than the calculated values. These concentration limits contain 85% of the observed CO2 values from carbonate reservoirs in North Sumatra. The principal mechanism controlling CO2 concentrations in clastic reservoirs is the interaction of silicate mineral transformations and carbonate mineral dissolution. CO2 concentrations in gas and oil accumulations reflect local equilibrium between gas, pore water, and mineral phases within the reservoir. In carbonate reservoirs the absence of silicate minerals allows CO2 to be transported within the carbonate aquifer system with little or no alteration. Carbonate reservoirs which are exposed to significant up dip fluid flow will possess CO2 concentrations that are representative of the base or entry point of the regional flow system.


Only effective communication during learning process of Business English can make Business English more active. The value of this major can be presented by listening and speaking training. Therefore, as an effective method, intensive training of listening and speaking in Business English by stepwise method has been recognized. The meaning of paying more attention to learning and speaking ability in Business English was firstly described in this work, with detailed stepwise intensive training flow. The method is hoped to help students improve their listening and speaking ability. 1 SIGNIFICANCE OF INTENSIVE STEPWISE TRAINING IN LISTENING AND SPEAKING Business English is a comprehensive ability in the particular working place or field. As a valuable major, Business English gains popularity in majority. However, listening and speaking for students are more important in this major. One effective way of learning Business English is given to student to improve their listening and speaking ability by stepwise intensive method (Cong Lin, 2011). 1.1 Improving student's learning ability by stepwise intensive training method As a professional course, Business English cannot exist without theory teaching class. Therefore, student's learning ability can be improved by intensive stepwise training method. Benefits can be acquired by integrating theory study with listening and speaking training. 1.2 Enhancing student's communicative ability by stepwise intensive training method The basic requirement for students of Business English major is to understand business listening and speaking materials of the middle and high level. Also it is required to get what they'd said in business environment and reply back with corresponding words in English. Then business activity can be achieved. It is unavoidable to communicate with people during theory and practical study in major of Business English (Wang Panpan, 2010). As a basic study, theory study is the foundation of fluent communication among students. Therefore, stepwise training can improve listening and expression ability of students, even high level communicative ability can be achieved in the practical activity. It is concluded that listening and speaking training in Business English can greatly enhance their business communication capability. 1.3 Meeting employment need by stepwise intensive training method With continuous society development, people with Business English are needed in many fields. Therefore, the employment of students can be improved obviously if students possess better Business English ability. Students hope to fulfill their employment through effective learning of Business English. It is concluded that students with corresponding English level can better fit the society development. Better platform of achieving employment can be provided by listening and speaking training of Business English (Zhang Li, 2012).


In this paper we discuss about land reforms development in Bihar State. As we know Bihar, earlier known as one of the BIMARU states, has suddenly been in top news as a model for the country. The shot up in economic growth rate is making headlines these days in Bihar. The Bihar government riding the horse of neo-liberal development never stops to talk about development. However, all this comes to naught in the eye of the fact that the agriculture sector that employs around 70% of the working force has merely a 21.74% share in the GDP of the state. The development in agriculture is declining despite of enough water resources and very fertile land. Due to the transfer of farming land to the other sectors and government's attention moving towards horticulture in the middle of decreasing productivity, the rural economic system is in crisis. The irony lies in the fact that the government riding the horse of neo-liberal economic development starts talking about land reforms and even constitutes a commission to study regarding this. However, the state government exposed its character very soon when it denied even to accept the report prepared by its own commission. Index Terms Land reforms, Bihar, Agriculture, GDP, Constitute.


This study aims to solve Boussinesq–Burgers equations mathematically, using the Laplace residual power series (LRPS) chain approach. By combining the series of Taylor equations with the Laplace residual error function, the LRPS method was investigated to obtain a unique analytical solution to the powerful nonlinear system of Boussinesq-Burgers equations according to time. At different times, the approximate solutions obtained by the homozygous perturbation technique and the ideal iterative technique for homozygosity were especially compared with the present results, concluding that this method is more accurate and reliable than the analytical techniques examined by the numerical results, which shows us the accuracy of the results obtained. Finally, the illustrative simulation results were checked graphically using a time procedure and method validity representations.


Distributed office systems employ the image exchange facilities such as image input/output, handling a softcopy, image filing service and so on. This paper presents a study of the segmented image exchange approach suit well for block based image coding and image processing schemes. From the result of the feasibility study, the segmented image formatting criterion provides a well-designed quantization-table set for DCT coding scheme. The 400 spi full-tone image coding simulation of the segmented adaptive quantization for DCT coding shows the better SNR and the perceptually better image quality than that of the conventional scheme. To select the quantization-table in the decoder, this scheme requires 3-bit header for every coded block. However, it enables another image processing features in a reconstructed image.


Medical Council of India has specified the various unethical acts and misconduct in 'Professional Conduct, Etiquette and Ethics Regulations 2002'. Though medical ethics is not a separate subject, it is being taught as a part of Forensic Medicine in 2 nd MBBS. Every medical practitioner should be aware of these codes and should apply them in their daily practice. Medical students are the budding doctors of tomorrow. It is imperative that the medical students are also aware of these codes during their student days so that they can apply them in their future practice. So, the present study attempts to look for the awareness amongst the various years of MBBS students of Kasturba Medical College, Manipal about these codes. In our study it was found that the knowledge of medical ethics was more in 4 th year students in comparison to 2 nd year and 3 rd year students.


This paper presents an overview of the verification framework ALICE in its current version 0.7. It is based on the generic theorem prover Isabelle [Pau03a]. Within ALICE a software or hardware component is specified as a state-full black-box with directed communication channels. Components send and receive asynchronous messages via these channels. The behavior of a component is generally described as a relation on the observations in form of streams of messages flowing over its input and output channels. Untimed and timed as well as state-based, recursive, relational, equational, assumption/guarantee, and functional styles of specification are supported. Hence, ALICE is well suited for the formalization and verification of distributed systems modeled with this stream-processing paradigm.


On analysis of the frequencies of albinos produced by two albino gene carriers, it is inferred that Bambusa arundinacea prefers selfing


Difluoroamino-sulphur pentafluoride was prepared in quantitative yield by heating tetrafluorohydrazine and disulphur decafluoride at 150° for a period of 12 h under autogenous pressure conditions. The reactions of the product with potassium iodide, oxygen, water, hydrogen chloride, sulphur dioxide, acetone, ethyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl nitrite, cyanogen bromide, and acetonitrile are reported.


This article aims to conduct a study on the skills of the collaborative pianist. His role changed during centuries, in terms of requirements and deeply understanding of the repertoire. He became equal to the soloist, especially after 1770, with the arrival of the fortepiano. The keyboard's importance has increased in the Classical period. Aspects of technique and interpretation highlighted the capacity of a performer. This study refers to the accompanist as a complex figure, with functional pianistic skills, being able to differentiate types of accompaniments, the attributes of different musical eras and sight-reading capabilities. The analysis plays a very important role in the development of the collaborative pianist. For guiding the musical interpretation of a piece, aspects regarding style, musical form and character of the chosen repertoire lead to a deeply analysis and continuous learning in the accompanist career. Excellence in performance, especially when it comes to an ensemble, can be obtain through a list of steps, starting with solving the technical problems, analysis and understanding the meaning of music, the collaborative pianist being the complete musician.


For a nonseparable bipartite quantum state violating the Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) inequality, we evaluate amounts of noise breaking the quantum character of its statistical correlations under any generalized quantum measurements of Alice and Bob. Expressed in terms of the reduced states, these new threshold bounds can be easily calculated for any concrete bipartite state. A noisy bipartite state, satisfying the extended CHSH inequality and the perfect correlation form of the original Bell inequality for any quantum observables, neither necessarily admits a local hidden variable model nor exhibits the perfect correlation of outcomes whenever the same quantum observable is measured on both 'sides'.


Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review maintenance practices, tools and parameters for marine mechanical systems that can be classified as plant, machinery and equipment (PME). It provides an insight for the maintenance crew on which maintenance parameters and practices are critical for a given PME systems.

Design/methodology/approach
The review paper characterizes the various maintenance parameters and maintenance practices used onshore and offshore for PME and identifies the possible gaps.

Findings
A variety of maintenance techniques are being used in the marine industry such as corrective maintenance, preventive maintenance and condition-based maintenance. As marine vehicles (MV) get older, the most important maintenance parameters become maintenance costs, reliability and safety. Maintenance models that have been developed in line with marine mechanical systems have been validated using a single system, whose outcome could be different if another PME system is used for validation.

Research limitations/implications
There is a limited literature on MV maintenance parameters and maintenance characterization regarding mechanical systems. The maintenance practices or strategies of marine mechanical systems should be based on maintenance parameters that suit the marine industry for a given PME.

Originality/value
Based on the available literature, the paper provides a variety of maintenance framework, parameters and practices for marine mechanical systems. The paper further gives an insight on what maintenance parameters, strategies and platforms are given preference in the shipping industry.


iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES viii CHAPTER ONE: PROPOSED MEDIATORS OF ATTACHMENT AND DEPRESSION Introduction 1 Overview 3 Purpose of the Study 4 CHAPTER TWO: LITURATURE REVIEW Attachment 5 Depression 7 Attachment and Depression 7 Self-Esteem 14 Self-Esteem and Depression 14 Attachment and Self-Esteem 15 Shame 17 Attachment and Shame 20 Shame and Depression 21 Social Support 23 Attachment and Social Support 24 Social Support and Depression 25 Summary 26 Mediation Relationships 26


The article analyzes and characterizes the peculiarities of the organization of practice in the process of professional training of social work specialists in higher education institutions. It is determined that the process of professional training of any specialist is a reflection of changes and changes in society. High-quality professional training of social specialists also contributes to the establishment of the profession itself, and the competence of the specialist affects the effectiveness of social work. The essence of practice as the main component of professionalism, personal and professional growth of the future specialist in the social sphere is considered. Difficulties in organizing the internship are emphasized (lack of a social worker as a specialist or lack of appropriate professional education, unclear definition of his professional responsibilities, inconsistency of the general activities of the social institution and the content of the social worker's professional activities, unwillingness to hire students). Forms and methods of working with students at the stage of choosing the base of practice (meetings-presentations in the institution councils, independent work, volunteering) are offered. The basic principles of organization of practice are defined and characterized (feedback of theoretical training and practice, consistency, continuity, dynamism, field functionality, perspective, freedom of choice, cooperation). Further prospects of research of use of various organizational forms for formation of professional competence of experts of social sphere, in particular its practical component are offered.


Abstract Disclosure: S. Kalinchenko: None. L. Vorslov: None. T. Shkeleva: None. A. Kahn: None. O. Samburskaya: None. The administration of vitamin D drugs should be done with regard to genetic analysis of polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and 1alpha-hydroxylase enzyme (CYP27B1) genes to select the required dose, form and activity of the drug. Materials and Methods: In the period from 10.10.2020 to 23.12.2022 there were 936 patients aged from 2 to 77 years on therapy with cholecalciferol, in whom vitamin D status was determined by calcidiol mass spectrometry and parathormone in blood. Patients were genotyped for two markers of susceptibility to vitamin D deficiency: variants in the vitamin D receptor gene (VDR, BsmI Polymorphism, rs1544410) and the 1-alpha hydroxylase enzyme gene (CYP27B1, g.57764205A>G; rs4646536) by direct sequencing. Findings: Patients received therapy with cholecalciferol preparations. As a result, they were divided into 2 groups: the first group in which clinical effects of vitamin D deficiency compensation were achieved against the background of treatment, the second group in which, despite taking adequate selected doses, considering age, weight and degree of deficiency, laboratory criteria of vitamin D sufficiency were achieved, but clinical effects were not achieved. Genetic analysis showed that those patients in whom clinical symptoms of vitamin D deficiency were more severe and those in whom therapy with cholecalciferol did not produce the expected clinical effect had polymorphisms in the genes encoding VDR and/or 1alpha-hydroxylase enzyme. Discussion: In the presence of the CYP27B1 variant, g.57764205A>G; rs4646536 in the gene encoding 1alpha-hydroxylase (86.5% of all patients, n = 809), calcitriol formation is reduced, which explains the lack of effect of cholecalciferol therapy. In the presence of the VDR variant, BsmI Polymorphism, rs1544410 in the gene encoding the vitamin D receptor, sensitivity of the receptor to hormone D is reduced (13% of all patients, n = 122), which explains the lack of clinical effects of therapy with vitamin D drugs in standard therapeutic doses. And the most difficult to treat clinical manifestations of vitamin D deficiency occur in patients with polymorphisms in the two genes encoding both VDR and 1alpha-hydroxylase, which constituted 11.3% (n = 106) according to our study among all those examined. Conclusion: Conflicting literature data and clinical effects in vitamin D therapy are due to variants in the VDR and/or CYP27B1 genes. Knowledge of genetics is the individualized dose, form, and activity of vitamin D medication as the key to success in therapy. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023


The pa per offers an ove rview of ava ilable in for mation on travel of medieval Serbian embassies in the Nemanjić dynasty period. This content is contextualized into the wider picture of regional embassy travel, presented by the far better documented embassies of Dubrovnik, Venice and the Byzantine Empire. The information is sorted by the key determining factors of an embassy's journey – diplomatic and auxiliary personnel, representational accessories such as gifts and adornments, transport over land and sea, sustenance, lodging, expenses and obstacles presented by nature and men.


Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is characterized by an elevated thyroid‐stimulating hormone and normal free thyroxine. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of SCH on the recovery of patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).


A major concern with fee-for-service reimbursement is that it forces consumers into predefined categories of service, whether or not those services meet their needs. The urban response to these incentives has been to experiment with capitated Medicare and Medicaid payments that integrate acute and long-term care funding. Although the use of capitation payments has conceptual and intuitive appeal, this article analyzes whether it is feasible in rural areas. Integrated financing systems for rural areas must meet the specific goals of people served in the areas and be compatible with local market conditions. Full risk capitation may be most applicable to urban settings where managed-care infrastructures are better developed and where risk can be spread over large numbers of consumers. Alternatives to fully capitated financing are emerging and represent more viable approaches for rural communities.


We present an electronic structure calculation of the valence band for some II--VI binary/ternary alloy interfaces. We use the empirical tight-binding method and the surface Green's function matching method. For the ternary alloys we use our previously set Hamiltonians they describe well the band gap change with composition obtained experimentally. At the interface domain, we find three non-dispersive and two interface states besides the known bulk bands. The non-dispersive states are reminiscent of the ones already obtained experimentally as well as theoretically, in (001)-oriented surfaces. We make use of the available theoretical calculations for the (001)-oriented surfaces of the binary compounds and for the binary/binary interfaces to compare our new results with.


The present invention relates to a jitter frequency switching power supply in parallel, a switch comprising a drive module and at least two power supply modules connected in parallel electrically, the switching drive module emits at least two switching driving signal driving the at least two power modules, at least the switching frequency of the two switch drive signal is fixed, and the at least two switching frequency of the switching drive signal are not equal. The present invention also provides a corresponding switching power supply in parallel with the jitter frequency method. The present invention is set for each power supply module and a fixed switching frequency different from each other, or different from each other and further set a fixed switching frequency of the power sub-modules in the power supply module, thereby effectively dispersing the harmonic interference, reduced harmonic interference energy, solve the problem of EMI entire switching power supply system.


Objective:To evaluate home environment of the initial diamorphine dependence sufferers and investigate a novel rehabilitation therapy in psychology and society for persons who rely on opium maternal. Methods: By using FES CV, a comparative study was performed on 40 diamorphine dependence sufferers and 38 normal controls. The generalized cases of dependants were investigated. Results: Home environment of the diamorphine dependence sufferers was characterized by indifferent familiarization, cool sensibility, low culture level, pool directory force and spiculate contradiction. Most initial diamorphine dependence sufferers were young, unmarried, city residing, and had good economic position and individual profession parents with low culture level. Conclusion:In the initial diamorphine dependence sufferers after withdrawal of drugs, family intervention is beneficial to the psychology society recovery of dependants and can extend to the persons who addict to heroin.


The performances of Vircators have been reported in different studies showing that a high discrepancy between the simulated and measured output peak power and radiating frequency can be encountered. Limited investigations have been reported where the one-variable-at-a-time methodology was applied. Performing a full analysis requires to apply statistical methods over a large number of experiments (simulation or measurement) which has been a challenge due to the computation time required to simulate Vircators. Recently, an surrogate model has been proposed to drastically reduce the computation time. In this paper, we propose to evaluate the performance variability of a Vircator considering mechanical manufacturing tolerances as well as the Pulsed Power source variability. The analysis is performed by means of well-spread stochastic methods (classical Monte Carlo, spectral techniques), and alternative sensitivity analysis approaches.


Part 1 Vestibular and auditory receptor physiology: efferent synapse mechanisms in chick hair cells cochlear function reflected in mammalian hair cell responses sound processing by a.c. and d.c. movements of cochlear outer hair cells performance of the avian inner ear mechanical demodulation of hydrodynamic stimuli performed by the lateral line organ. Part 2 Otoacoustic emissions: amplitude fluctuations of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions caused by internal and externally applied noise sources exploration of cochlear function by otoacoustic emmissions - relationship to pure-tone audiometry distortion-product otoacoustic emmissions in normal and impaired ears - insights into generation processes. Part 3 Central auditory physiology: responses to speech signals in the normal and pathological peripheral auditory system varieties of inhibition in the processing and control of processing in the mammalian cochlear nucleus functional consequences of neonatal unilateral cochlear removal functional organization and learning-related placticity in auditory cortex of the mongolian gerbil. Part 4 Interaction of cortical and proprioceptive reflex pathways controlling posture and gait: new aspects of human muscle coordination as revealed by motor-unit studies interactions between pathways controlling posture and gait at the level of spinal interneurones in the cat fusimotor control of proprioceptive feedback during locomotion and balancing - can simple lessons be learned for artificial control of gait?. Part 5 Vestibular control of posture: synaptic organization of the vestibulo-collic pathways from six semicircular canals to motoneurons of different neck muscles vestibulospinal reflexes and the reticular formation stance and balance following bilateral labyrinthectomy. Part 6 Neuroprosthetic control of hearing: quantitative comparison of electrically and acoustically evoked auditory perception - implications for the location of perceptual mechanisms pattern recognition and masking in cochlear implant patients a digital speech processor and various speech encoding strategies for cochlear implants new hardware for analog and combined analog and pulsatile sound-encoding strategies. Part 7 Neuroprosthetic control of posture and gait: synergies and strategies underlying normal and vestibularly deficient control of balance - implications for neuroprosthetic control human standing posture - multijoint movement strategies based on biomechanical contraints an integrated EMG/biomechanical model of upper body balance and posture during human gait control of standing and gait using electrical stimulation - influence of muscle model complexity on control strategy. (Part Contents).


The paper attempts to streamline the process of data transmission in a wired Virtual Private Network (VPN), with a view to foresee the occurrence of attacks and attach a sense of security to its travel. It translates the sequence of generation of keys in the process of routing and be-hives a sequence to wait for the related certificates before the transfer of data packets It avails the facilities in the hose architecture to relay the methodology in the minimum bandwidth path and ensure an uninterrupted data transfer over the leased lines in the private dedicated network. The design allows the stream of message to continue in alternative directions between the chosen source and destination in the event of occurrence of disruptions. The procedure springs up with computation of performance indices through Network Simulator-2 (NS-2) to exhibit the viability of the formulation for use in the practical world.


A method to determining the window specification of antennas with medium cover is presented. Medium cover is used widely to deduce the back scattering of antenna. But the medium always influences the radiation characteristics of the antenna. To guarantee the radiation characteristic of antennas with medium cover, it is important to open an aperture on the medium cover, which is called the antenna window. The method presented here can determine the minimal specification of the window. The result indicates that the antenna window affects the antenna RCS greatly.


Since the end of 2016 I've been reading a lot about religion and revolution. It began when I found the New Oxford Annotated Bible that was my father's "bible" in his last 25 or so years. I found it about a year after he died among a pile of books of his I had brought home from his funeral. I was first struck by the fact that my mother had given it to him as a Christmas present in 1990 with the inscription, "For your enjoyment and illumination, Love, Barbara." I was further struck by the underlinings, markings and pieces of paper all throughout it which made clear he had used it a lot. And so, finally, about 66 years after I started going (being taken) to church at a very early age, I decided to read the Bible from beginning to end, and I did, over a period of four to five months. This experience began what has become my "religion and revolution," long-term reading and writing project. I've read about 25 other books since then, some about the Bible and religion, especially liberation theology, some about the historic practice and theoretical debate and interaction between God believers and secular socialists and revolutionaries over the last 170 years, since the publication byMarx and Engels of The Communist Manifesto in 1848. As I was reading I began to focus on one key personal objective for all of this past and future reading: to try to pinpoint what is at the root of the failure, by and large, of both organized religion and organized Marxism/socialism to do what Marx called for in words inscribed on his grave: "The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways. The point, however, is to change it." Neither those who follow the teachings of Jesus, the Hebrew Prophets, the Prophet Mohammed or Buddha, nor those who use Marxist tools of analysis and see themselves as socialists, have been able to prevent the destructive and dehumanizing corporatization of much of the world. More urgently, the world as a whole is facing the very real Socialism and Democracy, 2019 Vol. 33, No. 1, 141–165, https://doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2018.1512072


The discovery that cuprous chloride can effect the aerobic coupling of aqueous phenol under mild reaction conditions had led to the proposal of a novel dephenolisation scheme for high-strength phenolic wastewaters. As envisaged, aqueous phenols will be converted aerobically and catalytically into insoluble coupling products which may then be easily separated from the wastewaters. The recovered solid organics may be disposed of as a fuel. The low costs of cuprous chloride and oxygen, the simplicity of the scheme, and the fuel value of the recovered organics make the scheme highly promising. A preliminary study with actual coal gasification wastewater confirms the promising nature of the proposed system.


This paper studies the problem of semi‐global leader‐following output consensus of a multi‐agent system. The output of each follower agent in the system, described by a same general linear system subject to external disturbances and actuator saturation, is to track the output of the leader, described by a linear system, which also generates disturbances as the exosystem does in the classical output regulation problem. Conditions on the agent dynamics are identified, under which a low‐gain feedback‐based linear state‐control algorithm is constructed for each follower agent such that the output consensus is achieved when the communication topology among the agents is a digraph containing no loop, and the leader is reachable from any follower agent. We also extend the results to the non‐identical disturbance case. In this case, conditions based on both the agent dynamics and the communication topology are identified, under which a low‐gain feedback‐based linear state‐control algorithm is constructed for each follower agent such that the leader‐following output consensus is achieved when the communication topology among the follower agents is a strongly connected and detailed balanced digraph, and the leader is a neighbor of at least one follower. In addition, under some further conditions on the agent dynamics, the control algorithm is adapted so as to achieve semi‐global leader‐following output consensus for a jointly connected undirected graph and the leader reachable from at least one follower. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


a recording medium is disclosed for receiving an energy storage module with a plurality of energy storage cells, in particular for a high-voltage energy storage of a vehicle, forming a side walls of frame member and a part connected to the frame member by common floor element, wherein further at least one fixed to the side walls and the bottom element mounting strip is arranged between two side walls where one or more energy storage cells of the energy storage module can be fastened, wherein is further provided at least one extending between two side walls of the bottom reinforcing strut which is fixed to the base member and is disposed under positive locking at least one of the side walls, and a method of manufacturing such a recording medium and a vehicle having such a recording medium.


As of September 11, 2001, a rogue and criminal entity has sentenced us to death. The sentence makes no distinction between the innocent and the guilty. Its authors proceed as self-declared sovereigns exacting limitless retribution. The terrorizing extremity of their program reveals some of the malignant determinants in the pursuit of both sovereignty and retribution. Some of those determinants, also operative in judicially sanctioned executions, are as the focus of this paper. Proponents of the death penalty want something from it. For them, having the State kill the convicted party seems to promise the kind of relief not available from any other form of punishment. This essay, using cultural and clinical material, addresses some of what might be wanted from the death penalty and some of what it seems to promise. The pursuit of such promise can be undertaken only as an exercise in sovereignty. Such pursuit depends on the unquestionable belief in one's absolute right to the imaginary fruits of retribution. This puts into question some of the determinants of that belief and that right.


Review question / Objective: Evaluating the efficacy of various Chinese herbal medicines combined with acupuncture-related therapies in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. Information sources: We will search the following databases for relevant randomised controlled trials: PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, OVID,Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, China Biology Medicine (CBM), the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, and the Chinese Scientifific Journal Database (VIP). Search until April 10, 2022, with a combination of MeSH terms and free words.


The article defines that in order to ensure proper fitness management military commanders of all levels are offered: to implement a systematic approach to military physical training and to use physical fitness principles. Also they have to take into account the tasks assigned to military units (in peacetime and wartime, international and national interests) to ensure the appropriate level of physical readiness of servicemen; to determine the specific tasks of the physical fitness process and the corresponding requirements; make sure that the process of physical training is orderly and qualitatively organized; prepare the necessary documents of fitness organization; carry out regular control over the process of physical training and activity results. In addition, it is proposed to implement the following leadership principles: senior commanders prepare orders for subordinates, define requirements and provide them with resources, and subordinates provide feedback on the activities being carried out, determine needs and organize military physical training in accordance with approved training plans or programs.


Thermal parrerns of an area which underwent a polyphase deformation history such as the Carnic Alps were analyzed using the Color Alteration Index (CAI) of conodonts in order to constrain some aspects of the metamorphic history of this part of the Southern Alps. Hercynian and alpine rectonothermal events were distinguished using CAI analysis. The Hercynian evenr developed temperatures up to low metamorphic condirions. Alpine tectonogenesis did not produce thermal levels in excess of the diagenetic zone. Moreover, CAI patterns allow recognition and evaluation of a hydrothermal metamorphic overprint of Permo-Triassic or Oligocene age that was superimposed on the pre-existing regional metamorphic zonarion.


Interferon-gamma release assays are being increasingly used worldwide for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis (TB) in patients of all ages, including children [1]. A PubMed search with 'interferon-gamma release assays' as keyword revealed a total of 1077 references, up to 100 of which had been released in 2012, including several reviews. In national and international guidelines such as CDC [2], ECDC [3], Canadian [4], French [5] and UK [6] guidelines, interferon-gamma release assays are used either in place of or in addition to the tuberculin skin test for latent TB diagnosis, indicating the lack of clear evidence regarding the use of interferon-gamma release assays. There are two major interferon-gamma release assays available: the quantiFERON-TB Gold in-Tube assay, which is an ELISA from Cellestis (Chadstone, Australia), and the T-SPOT.TB assay, which is an enzyme-linked immunospot assay from Oxford Immunotec (Abingdon, UK). The development of these tests opens to a fruitful market. 'We now have market penetration about 2 million tests per year—about 1 QFT test every 15 seconds' said Ron Pitcher in the Cellestis 2010 Annual Report (available at: http://www.cellestis.com/ IRM/Company/ShowPage.aspx?CPID= 1807E 850 tested positive with both tests, none were preventively treated, eight were finally diagnosed with active TB, and four others progressed to TB within 4–24 months [10]. In this study, the preventive treatment would have be given to 842 persons to prevent four active TB cases. This demonstrates the poor cost-effectiveness of systematic screening. However, in TB-exposed individuals, 2.3–14.6% of those with positive tuberculin skin test results or interferon-gamma release assay results, respectively, will develop active TB [11]. The main purpose of interferon-gamma release assays is to allow the treatment of patients with latent TB at risk of developing active TB, such as TB-exposed individuals or immunocompromised patients. Only patients who would benefit from preventive treatment should be tested. The decision to test presupposes a decision to treat if the test result is positive. Misuse: There is no indication for the use of these tests in systematic screening. Because the available evidence is currently inconsistent, interferon-gamma release assays should not be used to monitor response to TB therapy. Neither tuberculin skin tests nor interferon-gamma release assays can distinguish between active and latent infection, and for this reason the test is not accurate for the diagnosis of active TB [12], which relies on the identification of M. tuberculosis. Use: Typically, interferon-gamma release assays can be used in persons with an increased risk of new TB, such as asymptomatic person after close contact with an active case of pulmonary/respiratory TB, and in patients with an increased risk of TB reactivation, such as patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus, those with transplants, lymphoma, leukaemia, head and neck cancer, chemotherapy, or other therapeutic immunosuppression, and those who will be treated with tumour necrosis factor-a inhibitors.


The variation of the lipophilic (carotenoids and α-tocopherol) and hydrophilic (glutathione and ascorbic acid) antioxidant contents, and the activities of antioxidant enzyme such superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD), as well as cellular malonaldehyde and stable radicals of D. salina in response to ultraviolet B (UV-B radiation 290-320 nm) and secondary carotenoid induction conditions (nitrogen starvation and high NaCl concentration) were examined. The results indicate that nitrogen deficiency combined with NaCl stress and UV-B irradiated is potential increase of both lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant contents. Also, HPLC analysis of carotenoids extracts showed that D. salina accumulated significant quantities of β–carotene and secondary carotenoids, mainly astaxanthin and zeaxanthin. Furthermore, the activity of antioxidant enzymes CAT, SOD and POD showed a positive significant correlation with the antioxidant content and with the exposured UV-B irradiance. Cellular malondialhyde content and quantities of alkyl radical-PER signal indicators of lipid peroxidation were much higher in irradiant cells compared to unirradiant cells. These result revealed that D. salina had high resistance to environmental conditions. These qualities therefore make D. salina good candidates for successful culture in open ponds to production of useful materials, such as β–carotene, astaxanthin, zeaxanthin, ascorbic acid and α-tocopherol. Also, it could be used to provide a rich source of such antioxidant for health foods.


The main objective of this study is to study the relationship between social capital and entrepreneurship with communication skills of elementary school principals of Tonkabon and Abbasadad in school year of 2010-2011. Research methods are descriptive correlation. Population of this research is all primary school principals of Tonkabon and Abbasadad Township in the number of 136 individual and using stratified random sampling a number of 102 individuals were selected. Data collection tools and information of three researchersmade questionnaire included social capital and communication skills of entrepreneurship had 20 five option question of Likert type. To determine the validity of the questionnaire, content validity method and Cronbach alpha coefficient was used to determine the validity of the method. The results of this study show that: 1 .There is significant relationship between social capital and managers communicational skills. 2. There is significant relationship between social confidence and managers communicational skills. 3. There is significant relationship between social partnership and managers communicational skills. 4. There is significant relationship between entrepreneurship and managers communicational skills.


English female writer Virginia Woolf has been considered as the forerunner of Feminist Literary Criticism.Her feminist thoughts are still being argued and discussed extensively by contemporary feminists today,in which her feminist thought of war calls many critics' attention and criticism.This paper will give a simple analysis of the content and connotation of Woolf's feminist thought of war through Three Guineas and Thoughts on Peace in an Air-raid,pointing out the practical significance of this thought and stressing its important influence on Feminist Literary Criticism.


To the Editor: The coronavirus diseaseof 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the lives of everyone, driving the need for mass vaccinations since February 2020. As of August 2021, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has approved vaccinations for children 12 years of age and older. As further developments are made, the age requirementwill eventually include younger children, and it is critical to understand the potential side effects of the vaccinations. These side effects, such as malignant appearing lymphadenopathy, may lead to potential invasive diagnostic measures. This case report presents twopediatric cases of supraclavicular lymphadenopathy followingCOVID-19vaccinations. These cases highlight the need to develop assessment guidelines to help prevent potentially harmful diagnostic procedures in the pediatric population. In general practice, less than 1% of lymphadenopathies are malignant, with that number being 0.4% in patients under 40 years of age. However, the location of lymphadenopathy brings about different prevalence rates, with the supraclavicular region having the highest risk. Generally, it is standard practice to biopsy true supraclavicular nodes in the absence of known infectious causes. On the contrary, recent COVID vaccination may be an indication for watchful waiting of enlarged supraclavicular lymph nodes as we describe below. We present two cases of patients who presentedwith supraclavicular lymphadenopathy within weeks after receiving COVID-19 vaccination. The patients underwent biopsies for the suspicion of amalignancy and both biopsies showed reactive lymph nodes without evidence of malignancy. Of note, the vaccine was given on the same side as the lymphadenopathy was recognized.We highlight these cases to discuss the possibility that the COVID-19 vaccines could potentially trigger an inflammatory response, resulting in lymphadenopathy, which can be mistaken for amalignancy. The first patient, a 16-year-old male presented for left supraclavicular adenopathy. The patient had noticed the mass 2 days prior to the visit and notably 2 weeks after his first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. The patient did not present with any additional symptoms and denied any fever, night sweats, unexplained weight loss, or other notable lymph nodes. At the timeof presentation, the lymphnodewas approximately 1 cm in size and was freely movable, nonmatted, "rubbery," singular lymph node in the left supraclavicular region. Due to the location, a surgical excision was performed. The pathology report showed a final diagnosis of reactive follicular hyperplasia and focal increased Epstein– Barr virus-positive cells. The EBV-positive cells are of uncertain significance and a diagnostic evaluation showed a serum-negative EBV PCR. Epstein Barr Virus polymerase chain reaction (EBER) in situ hybridization on the collected specimen was suggestive of a prior infection and the EBV IgGwas positive in this patient. The second patient, a 13-year-old male presented with left supraclavicular adenopathy. The patient had noticed the mass a few weeks prior and noted that it was transiently painful, but the pain had since subsided. There were no other systemic complaints. The COVID vaccination was given approximately 2 weeks prior to the appearance of the supraclavicular lump. The lump was an approximately 1-cm, freely moveable soft, nonmatted, nontender, singular lymph node in the left supraclavicular region. Due to the location of the lymph node and suspicion of malignancy, the node was surgically removed. The pathology showed florid, reactive follicular hyperplasia with foci of follicular lysis, increased immunoblasts, and progressive transformation of germinal centers (see Figure 1A–D). During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved multiple vaccinations to combat the viral outbreak. This case report presents two separate but remarkably similar cases of supraclavicular adenopathy that arose within 2 weeks post-COVID-19 vaccination. Lymphadenopathies corresponding with inflammation-inducing vaccinations have been previously cited in the literature and are uncommon but potential side effects. There is literature supporting significant unilateral cervical and supraclavicular lymphadenopathy following human papilloma virus vaccination.1 Furthermore, it has been reported that bacille Calmette–Guerin (BCG) lymphadenitis is the most common complication of the tuberculosis vaccine and has been found to either regress on its own, or become large and suppurative.2 There have been numerous publications about ipsilateral axillary lymphadenopathy and management strategies.3–6 In one publication by Mehta et al., there were four reported cases of unilateral axillary lymphadenopathy in female patients ranging from ages 42 to 59. Our case discussion presents a unique situation due to the location of lymphadenopathy and age of the patients. The need for routine chest radiographs as well as procedures requiring surgery and anesthesia, should be addressed in this setting. It can be suggested that in the absence of "B-symptoms" such as fever, night sweats, and weight loss, the lymphadenopathy is to be closely monitored for changes that would increase the suspicion of malignancy. While there is always a risk–reward balance when it comes to testing for malignancy, especially with invasive or radiation-exposure modalities, the novelty of this virus and its vaccinations emphasizes a need for additional guidelines. It is critical to identify and delineate risk factors that


Background: The incidence of rheumatic fever (RF) amongst Pacific children in New Zealand (NZ) is > 50 times the NZ European rate and rising. Current health promotion and prevention strategies are largely based on NZ European views of health and illness. This small qualitative study investigated Pacific people's awareness and understanding of RF. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive method was used. Focus group interviews were conducted with two groups of Pacific people living in Auckland. The exposed group (n=3) who had exposure to RF and the non-exposed group (n=7) who had no experience of the disease. Data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results: There was limited awareness and understanding of RF among Pacific people interviewed. While people exposed to the disease understood RF in relation to presentation and management, they had no understanding of the causal pathway or its prevention. Most did not realise the significance of a sore throat. For most Pacific people interviewed, RF was an unknown and unacceptable burden of disease amongst their people. Conclusion: Pacific communities have limited awareness and understanding of RF and its prevention. Further work needs to occur with Pacific communities to develop appropriate health promotion and prevention strategies for Pacific children and families.


MET inhibitors have shown activity in non‐small‐cell lung cancer patients (NSCLC) with MET amplification and exon 14 skipping (METΔex14). However, patient stratification is imperfect, and thus, response rates have varied widely. Here, we studied MET alterations in 474 advanced NSCLC patients by nCounter, an RNA‐based technique, together with next‐generation sequencing (NGS), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR), exploring correlation with clinical benefit. Of the 474 samples analyzed, 422 (89%) yielded valid results by nCounter, which identified 13 patients (3%) with METΔex14 and 15 patients (3.5%) with very‐high MET mRNA expression. These two subgroups were mutually exclusive, displayed distinct phenotypes and did not generally coexist with other drivers. For METΔex14, 3/8 (37.5%) samples positive by nCounter tested negative by NGS. Regarding patients with very‐high MET mRNA, 92% had MET amplification by FISH and/or NGS. However, FISH failed to identify three patients (30%) with very‐high MET RNA expression, among which one received MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment deriving clinical benefit. Our results indicate that quantitative mRNA‐based techniques can improve the selection of patients for MET‐targeted therapies.


The invention provides a method for separating calcium and magnesium elements from phosphate tailings by use of fluorosilicic acid and obtaining a magnesium product and a calcium product. The method comprises the steps of dissolving phosphate tailings by use of fluorosilicic acid; filtering, and separating out filter residue calcium fluorosilicate; heating and concentrating filtrate magnesium fluorosilicate, and cooling and crystallizing to obtain magnesium fluorosilicate hexahydrate solid; drying to obtain a product of magnesium fluorosilicate hexahydrate. The method provided by the invention can make use of the residual tailings after raw phosphorite selection as well as the concomitant fluorine resource of phosphorite, has the characteristics of low cost, simple process and good product quality, and provides a way of effectively utilizing industrial waste phosphate tailings.


In view of unsteady controlled flow of hot slag in combined fluidized traveling slag-cooler, a relative scheme is put forward to solve this problem, and the feasibility of the scheme is verified by test.


This paper studies the problem of the finite-time boundedness (FTB) of interconnected neutral switched systems with impulsive behavior. First, a sufficient condition for FTB of interconnected neutral switched systems with impulsive behavior is presented. Then, the decentralized switched control scheme based on state-feedback is constructed such that the trajectory of the closed-loop system stays within a prescribed bound. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.


This article focuses on the development of a meta-theory for  the use and application of qualitative strategies and methods. This meta-theory is sometimes referred to as critical realism, though it is important to acknowledge that there are in existence a number of rival theories that are described as critical realist. The suggestion being made here is that methods and strategies used by researchers to collect and analyse data in the world cannot be a-epistemic, but in every case are underpinned by ontological and epistemological frameworks. In particular, the issue of causality is central to any framework that is adopted. Since researchers cannot avoid these philosophical issues then it is obligatory for them to base their methods, strategies and modus operandi on a meta-theory which is both more rational and, in addition, fully comprehensive.


Traditional forward error correction (FEC) mechanisms can be divided into end‐to‐end FEC protection schemes and hop‐by‐hop FEC protection schemes. The end‐to‐end FEC protection schemes over‐allocate FEC redundancy to each link and may induce a self‐congestion effect in a link. The hop‐by‐hop FEC protection scheme incurs a long end‐to‐end delay that harms the video performance at the video receiver. Accordingly, the Adaptive Multi‐Hop FEC (AM‐FEC) protection scheme is proposed in this paper to improve the quality of video streaming data over Wireless Mesh Networks by means of simultaneously minimizing the end‐to‐end delay and reducing the FEC computational cost. The AM‐FEC protection scheme uses a heuristic algorithm to minimize the number of FEC‐encoded segments between the video sender and receiver. Moreover, according to the decodable frame rate the AM‐FEC protection scheme can dynamically adjust FEC redundancy on each link to outperform end‐to‐end FEC protection schemes and hop‐by‐hop FEC protection schemes. In the experiments, the AM‐FEC protection scheme achieves timely loss recovery for delay‐sensitive video streaming and outperforms traditional FEC protection schemes in terms of video peak signal‐to‐noise ratio. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Natural fiber has the advantages of being abundant, renewable and biodegradable, and it will be very promising to use it in the field of oil absorption. The adsorption and absorption process of engine oil, waste oil and salad oil were observed and quantitatively characterized by using four natural fibers of cotton, kapok, cattail and flax fiber. The main reason for the different forms of adsorbed oil droplets is that the static contact angles of the four fibers have little difference in the three oils, which further proves that flax is both lipophilic and hydrophilic. Judging from the shape of the oil droplets absorbed by the four types of fiber flakes, because the fibers changed from the local wetting state to the diffusion and expansion stage, and finally reached a stable state of saturation, the immersion time of the first half of the circle was much lower than that of the second half. The analysis of the influencing factors, such as the wax content on the fiber surface and the viscosity and tension of the oil, provides a theoretical reference for the application of natural fibers in the field of oil and sewage treatment.


Objective To study the inhibitory effect of antigliomatin on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in rat C6 brain glioma cells.Methods The rat brain glioma cells was cultivated with the stationary culture technique.The different rat C6 brain glioma cells groups were treated with 2,4,8,and 16 ng·L-1 antigliomatin for 72 h in vitro and then the inhibitory effect of antiglioma on the expression of VEGF was observed with immunohistochemical method.Results The cytoplasm and(or) nucleus of most VEGF positive cells were stained to yellow brown.VEGF expressed significantly in cytoplasm of the rat C6 glioma cells in control group.The density of the VEGF positive cells was decreased in glioma compared with control group after treated with antigliomatin for 72 h(P0.05,P0.01),and the antigliomatin with differenct concentrations resulted in the different densities of VEGF,there was no difference between the group treated with 2 ng·L-1 antigliomatin(182.3±5.7) and control group(185.6±6.5)(P0.05).The densities of the VEGF in the groups treated with 4,8,16 ng·L-1 antigliomatin and CDDP(176.8±5.4,169.8±4.1,162.6±2.9,167.3±3.5) were significantly lower than that in control group(P0.01).Conclusion Antigliomatin has inhibitory effect on the expression of VEGF in rat C6 glioma cells.


The contact angle on a diamond‐like carbon (DLC) surface was controlled by synchrotron radiation (SR) under perfluorohexane (C6F14) gas atmosphere. It was found that the fluorocarbon group bonded to the DLC surface in the modified hydrophobic area from the measurement of X‐ray photoelectron spectrum. The contact angle of a DLC surface was succeeded to increase from 73° to 116° by the SR irradiation with 400 mA⋅h at C6F14 gas pressure higher than 1.2 Pa.


A Two-Unit system with connecting and disconnecting effect is studied in this paper. By the method of Functional analysis strong continuous semi-group, the paper analyzes the restriction of essential spectral growth bound of the system operator. The restriction of essential spectral growth bound of the system operator and the change of the essential spectral radius after perturbation is analyzed. The essential spectral radius of the system operator is also discussed before and after perturbation. The results show that under some conditions the dynamic solution of the system is exponential stability and tends to the steady solution of the system. At last, we analyze the reliability of the system.


In recent years,with the continuous expansion of university enrollment and steady improvement of the higher education system,poor students have become a special group widely spread in colleges and universities,and the problem of poor students has become a universal social problem.Based on analysis of difficulties in poor student management,this paper puts forward a series of countermeasures to ensure the smooth development in poor student management in colleges and universities.


This article discusses the operational principles of engine brakes used as vehicle retarders on heavy duty diesel engines. The engine brake converts a powerful diesel engine into an engine which absorbs power. The principle in slowing down any vehicle is to retard its motion. Service brakes convert the vehicle's kinetic energy into heat energy, which is dissipated into the ambient surroundings. The engine brake, when activated, causes an energy loss within the engine itself. The article points out the three major advantages from the use of engine brake: reduced service brake wear; reduced tire tread wear; and, an overall cleaner running engine.


Color illustration of a long line of military trucks snaking their way through a mountainous area. At the very front of the picture is a soldier on a motorcycle, smiling, with his left arm raised in the air. In the truck behind him are other soldiers waving from the covered truck bed.


We prove that for an induced CR structure on a compact, generic, regular 3-pseudoconcave CR submanifold ${\bold M}\subset{\bold G}$, of a complex manifold ${\bold G}$, satisfying condition $\dim H^1({\bold M}, T^{\prime}({\bold G})|_{\bold M})=0$ all the close CR structures are induced by close embeddings.


ABSTRACT In the wake of the decade's most severe pandemic, the term 'syndemic' reemerged as an alternative to better designate the nature assumed by COVID-19. The authors who advocate for this concept argue that it gives greater analytical breadth, which allows an understanding of the synergistic interactions between diseases and their social origins. This essay aims to analyze this concept in the light of historical-dialectical materialism. In particular, it dialogues with the Collective Health current devel- oped under the influence of Marxism. Thus, the category of social determination of the health-disease process is called to the debate when its greater breadth is revealed before the syndemic concept. We found that the concept under analysis is tautological and reproduces old dichotomies of the biomedical model while criticizing it.


The aim of this work is to present the attenuation measurement procedure mea- surement and laboratory stand for fllters used to interference suppression in power and telecom- munication lines. The procedure is based on the CISPR 17:2000 standard. The article describes the attenuation measurement system for fllter with impedance difierent then 50›. The article presents the measured attenuation characteristics of set of EMC fllters which are ofiered on the market. The calibration of measurement method is presented too.


English is a language of compact structure with the kernel of a rigorous subject-predicate structure,in which the verbal predicate governs the whole sentence,whereas Chinese,owing to the variety,complexity and flexibility of its subject-predicate structures,is a language of diffusive structure without a fixed subject-predicate frame but with parallel and loose clauses.This paper conducts a contrastive analysis of compact structures in English and diffusive structures in Chinese in business English context,and explores conversion strategies between the two structures in C-E translation.


This paper reports ultra-wide tuned RF micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) tunable capacitor using netted membrane structure for highly miniaturized and reconfigurable RF devices and systems applications. The proposed capacitor is also designed to achieve high linearity and capacitance values for commercial applications. Since the netted membrane is stuck to the dielectric layer of the bottom electrode not at once but each in turn as the actuation voltage is increased. In accordingly, it provides extremely superior linearity and wide tuning range. The fabricated RF MEMS tunable capacitor exhibited the linearity factor (LF) of 99.29 % in capacitance versus voltage (C-V) response and the capacitance tuning range of 1.78 ∼ 9.15 pF at 1 GHz, respectively.


Today handheld devices like cell phones and other gadgets are playing more vital roles in the people's daily lives with the fast development of wireless technology. All these devices use Internet Protocol for fetching & accessing services. To save hardware and software investment cost many current applications are being deployed on Cloud. Now a day's Mobile cloud has become remarkable cloud service model; in which, mobile devices are used as the information collecting and processing node for the cloud infrastructure. Cloud has become the pervasive digital platform for many network applications in their quest to provide a single unified digital platform. In this paper, authors present insignificant Cloud-based storage framework. This framework will provide an easy-to-use file navigation service for attribute-based file querying. Simultaneously, it incorporates an effective structure for users to verify their data integrity, which can relieve much load from mobile devices. Experimental simulations show that the proposed framework is effective to provide flexible data sharing in mobile computing environments.


In the last decade, the co-occurrence of mental disorders and disorders due to use of psychoactive substances has been widely recognized in clinical psiquiatrica.Refletindo on this aspect, the objective of this study is to analyze the association of psychiatric comorbidities and dependence on chemicals. The research has a qualitative approach. We conducted a literature review following the methodological standards exploratory, applied nature, qualitative profile and based on print reference and systematic electronic search with use of informative reference descriptors, and reliable data from the Scielo and Lilacs databases. We surveyed national articles published between 2004 and 2013. According to the literature, there is controversy as to the origin of addiction, as well as psychiatric disorders associated. The clarification regarding the effects of co-occurrence of disorders it is essential for the proper management of patients, involving the need for proper and early diagnosis, clarification about the losses caused and the importance of early and effective therapeutic intervention, it is important that it covers each of the conditions specifically. In addition, it is suggested that further studies would be important guiding towards better understanding of the phenomenon, as well as more effective preventive actions.


A new methodology is presented for designing baluns exhibiting multi-decade bandwidths at microwave frequencies. Simulations show that resistors terminating the outer transmission line suppress the half-wavelength resonance and greatly extend the bandwidth. Using linear measurements at microwave frequencies, ferrite beads have been shown to behave as resistors with a small reactance, suitable for terminating the outer transmission line. This paper shows that ferrite beads can perform the dual role of improving magnetic coupling at low frequency and suppressing resonance at higher frequencies. The design methodology was applied to produce a balun that operates between 30MHz and 6GHz, displays less than 1dB of power loss up to 4.4GHz, and delivers an impedance transformation of 2∶1.


GIDEON is a global, prospective, non-interventional study evaluating patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) treated with sorafenib in clinical practice. Completion of GIDEON created a large database of >3000 sorafenib-treated patients across 39 countries and 5 regions, allowing for assessment of regional differences in treatment history, practices, and outcomes.


True competitiveness is measured by productivity. Productivity supports high wages, a strong currency, and attractive returns to capital and with them a high standard of living. The world economy is not a zero-sum game. Many nations can improve their prosperity if they can improve productivity. The central challenge in economic development is how to create the conditions for rapid and sustained productivity growth.


In the light of the concepts of national identity, the article looks at the existing approaches to naming and defining the essence of the language of the Republic of Moldova. The study deals with the meta-discursive aspect of the dispute concerning the nature of the object-language, which leads to the fundamental questions of linguistics (What is it about when we say that language is used as an object of discourse? Where does the language begin and end? How competent are linguists in this matter?). The "Moldavian language" is an entity with a variable geometry, the plasticity of which allows for the most diverse and contradictory arguments based on three different principles: 1) positivist – there are nations, and each nation is a "native speaker" of a certain language (and precisely because it is a native speaker of a certain language, it is a people); 2) romantic – in order to build a literary language, the intelligentsia must rely on the language of the people; 3) administrative-commanding – in order to build a literary language, the intelligentsia (writers, poets, linguists) must teach the people to speak the correct language. This co-existence of the three principles in language discussions in Eastern Europe has all the hallmarks of a vicious circle in which cause and effect constantly take each other's place. The Moldovan language, which really "exists" in the minds of those who call it that, is the principle of asserting identity, not so much a means of communication as a criterion of community. But at the same time, it is also a means of non-communication, striving to be ununderstood by someone from whom they want to differ at any cost in order to be themselves.


Unmanned fully line-controlled distributed drive electric vehicles with four-wheel independent drive, dependent braking and dependent steering have significant advantages over conventional vehicles in terms of dynamic control, but at the same time multiple actuators with multiple degrees of freedom also pose the risk of failure in the steering system, which is studied in this paper for trajectory tracking control. Rational control of multiple systems such as drive, braking, steering and fault tolerance of the unmanned fully line-controlled distributed drive electric vehicles are carried out. For longitudinal control, a fuzzy PI algorithm is used to input velocity error and velocity error rate of change, and to solve the required drive torque of the vehicle based on fuzzy rules; for lateral control, according to model prediction control theory, the exact model is predicted and an optimized search is performed to reasonably allocate the forward and backward wheels turning corners ensuring the accuracy and roadholding of trajectory tracking; for fault-tolerant control, differential drive and other methods of control, when a fault is detected, the number and position information of the faulty steering motor is transmitted to the fault-tolerant decision module, which outputs control commands according to the decision. The outcomes demonstrate that the presented trajectory following the control policy enhances the precision, roadholding and safety of trajectory following in an effective way.


Each section contains description of certain historical events, photos, drawings, maps and other illustrations and selected source material For example, the section on the Revolutionary War includes a wonderful collection of quotes which reflect the diverse opinions regarding the war. The editors' interest in American evangelicalism is evident in the attention given to that phenomenon throughout the book. Indeed, resources reflect the northern and eastern orientation of the editors. They are what Foy Valentine calls "Yankee Evangelicals"and the lack of attention to evangelicalism's southern expression is a major weakness of the book, bordering on the provincial. Where, for example, are such preachers as Samuel Jones, Daniel Baker, Lorenzo Dow or T. T. Martin whose evangelical zeal was no less powerful, albeit southern?


The method of Cicero's practice and pedagogy in De Oratore is explicitly designed to allow for the comparative estimate of competing positions and represents a salutary effort to discover in any controversy the possible basis for cooperative action.


The author misstates and oversimplifies much of Freudian theories, and in stating his own ideas does so with assurance but no documentary evidence. There are a number of factual errors in the book, such as the notion that folic acid cures pernicious anemia. The grammar and style are awkward in many places, and it is written in a nonmedical style. To summarize, this short work represents the attempt of a general practitioner to substitute his own ideas concerning mental illness for those of established psychoanalytic and psychiatric thought. It is not very successful.


It had long been the hot issue of composers of ci and how ci,should remain its identity on it's way of development instead of affiliating itself to poetry. Jiang Kui opened a new prospect for ci by enlarging territory of expression and enriching technique of expression as well as emphasizing it's features, which sums up his aesthetics that's typical of him.


The thermal reactions of an overcrowded germacyclopropabenzene with group 6 metal hexacarbonyl complexes [M(CO) 6 ] (M = Cr, Mo and W) resulted in the formation of novel Fischer-type carbene complexes via the insertion reaction of a C=O group to the Ge-C bond. By contrast, the germacyclopropabenzene reacts with [Co 2 (CO) 8 ] to give a germanium analog of benzocyclobutanone via the insertion reaction of a CO unit into the germacyclopropane ring. The reaction of the germacyclopropabenzene with [Mn 2 (CO) 10 ] resulted in the formation of the intramolecular cyclization product accompanying the migration of a trimethylsilyl group, i.e. a cyclobutabenzene derivative.