The biogas-choosing behaviors of rural households were investigated,and the so-called SP-data obtained.A disaggregate model was constructed based on SP data and the utility maximization theory to quantitatively analyze the relevance between family's attribute and its behavior.The predicted accuracy of this model was 82.78 percent,and the attributes of the family and of biogas would affect the choice,but these factors could be varied in strength and direction.The paper could provide a basis for the regional project of biogas development.


Grains are material regions with different lattice orientation at atomic scale. They can be resolved on material surfaces with recent image acquisition technology. Simultaneously, new microscopic simulation tools allow to study mechanical models of grain structures. The robust and reliable identification and visualization of grain boundaries in images both from simulation and from experiments is of central importance in the field of material surface analysis. In this work, we compare a variety of variational approaches for grain boundary estimation from microscopy and simulation images. In particular, we show that grain boundary estimation can be solved by means of recently introduced convex relaxation techniques. These techniques allow to compute global solutions or solutions within a known bound of the optimum. Moreover, experimental results both on simulated and on transmission electron microscopy images confirm that the convex relaxation techniques provide significant improvements of the estimated grain boundaries over previously employed multiphase level set formulations.


To meet the need for reform in mathematics teacher preparation courses, two cycles of changes made in an elementary mathematics methods course are presented. Using action research, teaching approaches were developed, implemented, and evaluated as a meaningful way to continue my professional development. Results suggested that I improved my teaching practices and focused more on teaching tasks that engaged my students to "think like teachers." Three critical components of teacher preparation courses are identified that are important for teacher educators to acknowledge when implementing change: (a) using reflective verbal and written communication, (b) establishing a collaborative mathematical community, and (c) focusing on a narrower selection of mathematical content.


Cervical disk lesions fall into five distinct categories differing widely in numerical composition, in symptomatology, and in operative approaches. Lateral disk lesions constitute 95% of all operable lesions and simple "keyhole" facetectomy or foraminotomy with slow and high-speed drills constitutes the treatment of choice. Central ridge or bar defects, misnamed "spondylosis," may be approached by either the anterior or posterior approach, providing decompression from the infolded ligamentum flavum, the calcified central ridge, and the lateral osteophytes. Central soft disk lesions are so rare as to constitute only 1% of cervical disk surgery. They should be approached anteriorly but the posterior combined intradural and extradural approach is advocated when there is need to differentiate from a tumor. Patients with fracture-dislocations with disk protrusion should be operated on through an anterior approach. There is rarely improvement, but it is occasionally advocated to permit earlier rehabilitation.


: Persons with intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) remain among the most vulnerable members of society and frequently face numerous barriers accessing healthcare services. Following our recent literature review identifying needs for persons with IDD, we propose that frameworks can be useful to identify the key components of person-centred health information. These will ultimately support the building of relevant Health Information Systems. This paper presents the initial development and content of the Person-Centred Health Information framework (PCHI) developed to support persons with mild IDD. PCHI is based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model and its use in the design and development of Health Information Systems has the potential to improve health access and outcomes for persons with mild IDD.


Tuyere coke probing was conducted at the Baosteel Corex Plant in order to gain a better understanding of the structure of the char bed in the melter gasifier (MG).After screening,the specimens were observed by an optical microscope to determine the mechanism of the char bed formation.X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to clarify the degree of graphitization and infer thermal history of coke.The results show that the amount of powder coming from lump coal in the burden is much more than that from coke.Based on this,measures for improving the char bed's permeability are proposed.


This paper introduces a multi-screen display system based on Web, each screen of which can read the information from the server directly through the network, facilitating the display of screen's extension and mobile deployment; and to make the operators be able to realize the addition, deletion and modification of the display contents directly through the network, improving the work efficiency.


There are no systematic investigations of public stigma of hoarding disorder (HD), and although there have been some studies on the public perception of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), such research has not examined three theoretically informed facets of stigma: difference ("They aren't like me"), disdain ("They are bad"), and blame ("They are to blame"). The current Internet study evaluated these three facets of stigma in a general sample of 591 adults by comparing ratings of public perception for HD, OCD, serious mental illness (SMI), substance use disorders (SUD), and those in jail. Results indicate that HD is mostly associated with a neutral or negative public perception across all stigma facets, but OCD is associated with mostly positive or neutral public perception. Across all stigma ratings, HD was viewed more negatively than OCD. Comparison of ratings across conditions and the three facets of stigma suggest a nuanced picture in which HD and OCD demonstrate differences in public perceptions compared to jail, SMI, and SUD, some in the positive direction and some in the negative. In addition, among those who scored in a clinically elevated range of HD symptom severity, one facet of public stigma (i.e., a proxy for self-stigma) was negatively correlated with an index of treatmentseeking willingness, implicating stigma as a potential factor in the treatment ambivalence commonly associated with HD treatment.


Abstract A fragmentation index has been implemented as a region based GIS operator to describe the spatial distribution of thematic classes in one data layer within map regions defined in another data layer. It has been applied to integrated analysis of digital maps and classified remote sensing data, for estimation of landscape complexity within watersheds and for detection of logged forest stands. The properties of the fragmentation index, when applied in this manner, are discussed. The fragmentation index is suggested as a valuable means of describing image characteristics of spectrally heterogeneous map regions.


Social-economical indexes,main point is GDP,are the basal predicted data of traffic forecast.Combining with an instance,the application method of Grey forecasting model in social economical index forecasting is studied.It is proved the effect is good.


Summary. Turmeric has long been used as a spice and food colouring agent in Asia. Curcumin is one of the active principles in Turmeric. In this research the antimutagenic potential of curcumin in Allium cepa root meristem cells was evaluated. The root tip cells were treated with sodium azide at 200µg/ml and 300µg/ml for 1h. Curcumin was given at 5, 10 and 20 µg/ml for 18h (one cell cycle), prior to sodium azide treatment. The tips were squashed after colchicine treatment and the cells were analyzed for chromosome damage and mitotic index. Curcumin did not induce chromosomal aberration in Allium cepa root tip cell. Sodium azide alone induced chromosomal aberrations significantly with increasing concentrations. The chromosomal aberrations were significantly reduced in root tips cells pretreated with curcumin. The study reveals the antimutagenic potential of curcumin against sodium azide induced chromosomal aberrations.


A Covid-19 vaccine is so highly anticipated with the global pandemic status arise. Hence, distributing the vaccine is a challenging task, especially for an archipelago country like Indonesia. Until now, the vaccine distribution is an offline-based system, using paper-based monitoring reports, individual cold chain monitoring system, and no alert to prevents non-ideal vaccine conditions. This research focuses on enhancing the existing cold chain vaccine distribution system in Indonesia by leveraging the technology of the Internet of Things (IoT). As a result, vaccine distribution can be tracked precisely by deploying a LoRa-based tracker and monitoring sensor in the distribution trucks, and vaccine conditions can be maintained by alerting the responsible personnel.


Diet is widely known to impact on neurological function. Nevertheless, academic texts discussing this relationship are relatively few in number. This book therefore fills an important gap in the current literature. Opening with an overview of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer's disease, the text then focuses on explaining the means by which glycemic control and lipid metabolism – and associated nutritional and lifestyle variables – may factor into such disorders' prevention and treatment.


The LiteSteel Beam (LSB) is a new hollow flange section developed by OneSteel Australian Tube Mills using their patented dual electric resistance welding and automated continuous roll-forming technologies. It has a unique geometry consisting of torsionally rigid rectangular hollow flanges and a relatively slender web. It has found increasing popularity in residential, industrial and commercial buildings as flexural members. The LSB is considerably lighter than traditional hot-rolled steel beams and provides both structural and construction efficiencies. However, the LSB flexural members are subjected to a relatively new lateral distortional buckling mode, which reduces their member moment capacities. Unlike the commonly observed lateral torsional buckling of steel beams, the lateral distortional buckling of LSBs is characterised by simultaneous lateral defection, twist and cross sectional change due to web distortion. The current design rules in AS/NZS 4600 (SA, 2005) for flexural members subject to lateral distortional buckling were found to be conservative by about 8% in the inelastic buckling region. Therefore, a new design rule was developed for LSBs subject to lateral distortional buckling based on finite element analyses of LSBs. The effect of section geometry was then considered and several geometrical parameters were used to develop an advanced set of design rules. This paper presents the details of the finite element analyses and the design curve development for hollow flange sections subject to lateral distortional buckling.


The use of smart phones as increased drastically from last few years due to the facilities provided for user like sharing images, files, videos, and chatting application. Along with its use performance and efficiency has increased, but for using the facilities provided by smart-phones data packet connection is needed which is quite costly. Existing Peer-to-peer system was used for data transmission but there were some limitations related to that system as like whenever data was transmitted through network like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth and if connections were not possible due to some reasons like users displacement of user from one place to another the message was not sent until the user manually resends it again. Smart-phone provides us with the facility of sending SMS, Whatsapp, Hike but they are not freely available as some cost needs to be given. So to overcome all this limitations the proposed application called "Seamless File Sharing" is introduced which can share data, files, images without using any internet facility. In this application data transmission takes place through two ways first through Wi-Fi network and through takes place through Bluetooth Network. Whenever there is any connection problem then the network automatically switches to Bluetooth network.


In I/Q processing receivers, matching the ampli tudes and phases of the Iand Q-branches is of major concern. In practise, matching can never be perfect in the analog front-end which results in insuff icient rejection of the image frequency band. As a consequence, the desired channel signal is interfered by up to 50-100 dB stronger image signal and some kind of imbalance compensation is needed. In this paper, the interference due to imbalancing is modelled by instantaneous linear mixing model and the compensation is carried out by a blind source separation (BSS) method. The effects of symbol timing errors on EASI algorithm based compensation structure are analyzed both analytically and through computer simulations. The obtained results indicate that timing errors degrade the performance of the proposed method. The effects of timing errors can, however, be reduced with proper selection of non-linearity in the EASI algorithm.


We argue that an effective field theory of local fluid elements captures the constraints on hydrodynamic transport stemming from the presence of quantum anomalies in the underlying microscopic theory. Focussing on global current anomalies for an arbitrary flavour group, we derive the anomalous constitutive relations in arbitrary even dimensions. We demonstrate that our results agree with the constraints on anomaly governed transport derived hitherto using a local version of the second law of thermodynamics. The construction crucially uses the anomaly inflow mechanism and involves a novel thermofield double construction. In particular, we show that the anomalous Ward identities necessitate non-trivial interaction between the two parts of the Schwinger-Keldysh contour. ar X iv :1 31 2. 06 10 v3 [ he pth ] 1 4 M ar 2 01 4


The International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants is an attempt to promote uniformity, accuracy and fixity in naming of agricultural, silvicultural and horticultural varieties (cultivars). This code recommends compilation and publication of lists of cultivar names in plant groups important to culture. Such lists should enable one to determine the validity of existing cultivar names and indicate names which have been used previously within a genus or under a certain species name and consequently may not be used again. No registration authority being designated for the genus Hosta, a preliminary registration list was compiled by the author and is published now as a base for a future registration authority. The list given here was compiled from the literature consulted for a study in the Hostas cultivated in the Netherlands now and in their introduction into Europe. It is obvious that incompleteness cannot be avoided in an initial effort to compile such a list. If older references or additional cultivar names are available to some one using this list, the author will appreciate receiving these additions or corrections. The principles followed in preparing such lists by members of the Arnold Arboretum staff were explained by R. A. HOWARD in Arnoldia 21:1-8 (1961). These principles were in general adopted by the author of this article. In accordance to the registration lists published in Arnoldia 21 (1961) two lists are given here. The first is an alphabetical list of cultivar names in Hosta. Some names of botanical varieties are also mentioned. Every name is followed by a parenthetical reference to the species involved. If the same cultivar has been described under different species names, each species name is mentioned. Some cultivar names are preceded by an asterisk, indicating that the cultivar is grown in Europe under that name by nurserymen or in botanical gardens. The second is a bibliographic list. It gives the species and their associated


Glucose meters are widely used in a variety of healthcare settings as Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) for the management of hypo and hyperglycemic disorders. However, laboratory medicine is not always involved in managing this POCT activity. Internal quality control (IQC) is a component of quality assurance which checks that patients ́ results are reliable before running blood samples. In this study we evaluated the precision and agreement of many glucose meters used in different care settings at our institution when IQC is not performed routinely. This is one of the preliminary steps performed in our hospital before leading a POCT project for glucose meters.


The invention relates to a preparation method of a medicament for treating traumatic injury. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out micronized crushing 5 g of kamuning, 3 g of Rhizoma Drynariae, 20 g of wikstroemia indica, 5 g of rhizoma sparganii, 15 g of Centipeda minima, 5 g of areca peel, 5 g of tonkinensis, 10 g of edible tulip, 30 g of radix sileris, 5 g of Ligustrum lucidum, 15 g of seed of cowherb, 20 g of henbane seed, 5 g of dried ginger, 15 g of cortex acanthopanacis, 20 g of herba orostachyos and 20 g of licorice; sieving through a 100 mesh screen; mixing evenly; the mixed powder adding 100 g of liquid paraffin, 50 g of wool grease and 800 g of vaseline; and stirring to obtain a uniform paste. The medicament for treating traumatic injury prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the advantages of no toxic or side effect, convenience for application, short cure time and no recurrence after healing, and can effectively treat traumatic injury. Aiming at fatigue, tension and ache in muscles, which are easily appeared in patients, acupuncture therapy can be combined for realizing more outstanding effect.


In this paper, we consider the existence of group divisible designs (GDDs) with block size $4$ and group sizes $4$ and $7$. We show that there exists a 4-GDD of type $4^t 7^s$ for all but a finite specified set of feasible values for $(t, s)$.


The anion radical salts derived from 3,5,3′,5′-tetrachloro-4,4′-diphenoquinone and 3,5,3′,5′-tetrabromo-4,4′-diphenoquinone were prepared. The absorption spectra in solution and the solid-state spectra were examined in order to study the solid-state properties characteristic of the anion radical salts. The measurements of the static magnetic susceptibilities and the electrical resistivities were also useful for this purpose. These physical properties were found to be based on the charge-transfer interaction between the anion radical molecules. It was suggested that, in these solid anion radical salts, the anion radical molecules might be stacked by a unique face-to-face arrangement in groups of two or an infinite number of molecular systems.


Two set systems E, F on an underlying set V will be said to have Property S if there exists a subset σ of V , such that σ∩ e ≠∅, for all e ∈ E and f ⊈σ, for all f ∈ F (see [8], [9]]). We give rules for deciding Property S, which generalizes the very successful Davis-Putnam rules for deciding satisfiability in propositional logic.


GANIL is an unique facility where high quality radioactive beams are available at low and in-
termediate energies. A presentation is made of the experimental nuclear astrophysics program
undertaken at GANIL using these beams.


The study of sea states at a specific area of the ocean has been carried out using directional buoys which provide useful information, but only available at the point where the buoy is moored. Alternatively, the use of satallite radar data can give information in large oceanic areas, but this is only mesured once or twice a day and sometimes this could be an important limitation. As an intermediate solution, a navigation radar system installed on shore could measure continuously and indicate the spatial behaviour of sea states at a specific zone of the ocean. These devices are being studied to find out their reliability for estimating wave directional spectra. In November 1994 a navigation radar was installed on a point of the Bay of Biscay at the North of the Iberian Peninsula. This system is working systematically, measuring every hour. The data taken by the radar will be compared with directional buoy data during 1995.


Abstract : In a study of free 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, measurable levels were consistently found in human parotid fluid. Under the influence of synthetic adrenocortical analogs, altered parotid steroi levels closely paralleled changes evidenced in serum and urine 17-OHCS concentration. These findings suggest that steroid values in parotid fluid can be used as an indicator of adrenocortical status.


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Ever fought over the last piece of pie? Aggressive competition is common among animals, and hormones play a major role in such behavior. One of these hormones is testosterone, which is produced by the testes and directly interacts with brain regions involved in social


AbstractA low-cost vibration-monitoring system was developed and installed on an urban steel-plated stress-ribbon footbridge. The system continuously measures the acceleration [using 18 triaxial microelectromechanical system (MEMS) accelerometers distributed along the structure), the ambient temperature, and the wind velocity and direction. Automated output-only modal parameter estimation based on the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) was carried out to extract the modal parameters (i.e., the natural frequencies, damping ratios, and modal shapes). Thus, this study analyzed the time evolution of the modal parameters over data monitoring for 1 year. First, for similar environmental/operational factors, the uncertainties associated with the SSI-based techniques used and to the acceleration records used were studied and quantified. Second, a methodology for tracking the vibration modes was established, because several of them with closely spaced natural frequencies were identified. Third, the modal par...


Atrazine alone applied in the fall was less effective for kochia and Russian thistle control than other fallor spring-applied herbicides in early summer. In mid season, control of kochia and Russian thistle was 85% or less with all fall-applied herbicides. Banvel (dicamba) increased kochia control when added to Balance Pro (isoxaflutole), plus Autumn Super (iodosulfuron + thiencarbazone), plus atrazine applied in the spring at mid season. All other spring herbicides were similar for kochia control. Russian thistle control was similar among all spring-applied herbicides except atrazine plus Banvel.


It is fundamental the action and involvement of mothers and fathers in the educational process of their children. The article explains the importance of the school of mothers and fathers, the main objectives it pursues, the characteristics of a good school and the functions of its members.


Core stator manufacturing method of winding a coil (2) is a unit assembly step of forming a unit assembly (5) are assembled a plurality of coil units (4) to each other, the coil sides of the coil unit (4) provided corresponding to the insertion step of inserting into a slot (23) a section (42). As a core (2) and the coil, a combination that satisfies the relational expression "2π · (Ri-B · L)> A · (number of slots)."


The invention relates to the technical field of illuminating lamps, in particular to a light source module of a shadowless lamp. The light source module comprises a base, a plurality of luminous bodies and a surface cover, and is characterized in that: the surface cover is provided with a plurality of positioning through holes formed at certain intervals; the top surface of the base is provided with power connection ends arranged at certain intervals; the edge of the surface cover and the edge of the base are provided with a plurality of buckling mechanisms for clamping and fixing the luminous bodies between the surface cover and the base; after assembly, the top of each luminous body is positioned with a corresponding positioning through hole in a matching way; the bottom of each luminous body is contacted and electrified with a corresponding power connection end; each buckling mechanism consists of a movable buckling assembly on the surface cover and a clamping seat on the base; andafter assembly, a clamping matching structure is arranged between the movable buckling assembly and the clamping seat to buckle or loose the surface cover and the base. The light source module has the characteristics of novel and compact structure, and convenience for disassembling, assembling, maintaining and producing.


This case study was provided by Prof. Olivier Boyer (M.D., Ph.D., Head of the Department of Immunology and Biotherapy, Rouen University Hospital, France) and Dr. Maëlle Le Besnerais (M.D., Assistant Professor of Internal Medicine, Rouen University Hospital, France) of the Faculty of Medicine of Rouen, Normandy University, France. The authors would like to thank David Saadoun, Odile Goria, Lucie Guyant-Maréchal and Fabienne Jouen for their critical reading of this case study, Isabelle Duval for the development of pictures and Laetitia Demoulins for technical assistance. We are grateful to Nikki Sabourin-Gibbs, Rouen University Hospital, for her help in editing the manuscript.


This paper states working characteristic of motor\|spindles, analyses its status quo of application and summarizes the lately technology and the development tendency of motor\|spindles.


This report describes practical experiences in building systems for manufacturing and robotics. Transporting plants are a typical example for the integration of database systems and real-time systems. This is due to the fact that general administration, workflow control as well as physical movements of conveyor systems have to be coordinated. In practice, plant engineers were forced to develop pragmatic but working concepts to bring real-time issues and database principles under a single roof. The most common approach is based on a hierarchical network of two different types of computers-administration computers and control computers-to handle database services or real-time services, respectively. In such a setting, recovery for real-time computers can be achieved by means of downloading the relevant data from a database-supported administration computer. Overall integrity requires communication supported by database services. Here, we treat the necessary transaction processing framework.


Biomechanical models of red algae have been developed that make predictions about blade survivorship based on tissue strengths, drag coefficients, and blade surface areas. The first 2 objectives of the present field study were therefore to examine actual survivorship of genets (i.e. holdfast + blades) from wide- and narrow-bladed species of Mazzaella G. DeToni f., as well as to com- pare blade survivorship to predictions of their survival from a previous biomechanics study of the 2 species. The third and fourth objectives were, respectively, to determine the most frequent break location in the genet, and finally to ascertain if surviving blades are likely to be reproductive. Low in- tertidal transplant sites were established at a wave-sheltered site where the wide-bladed form of Mazzaella splendens (Setchell et Gardner) Fredericq occurs, and in a high wave impact habitat of the narrow-bladed Mazzaella linearis (Setchell et Gardner) Fredericq. Short and long blades size classes (SC1, SC2, respectively) were included for each species because separate population sampling estab- lished that SC1 blades are almost never reproductive, whereas SC2 blades are potentially reproduc- tive. Within the high wave impact transplant site, genet survival of experimental (i.e. transplanted to site of the other species) M. splendens was initially lower than for control (i.e. transplanted within na- tive site) M. linearis presumably due to drag on the larger M. splendens blades. As predicted by the biomechanics model, long blades of control M. linearis survive better than those of experimental M. splendens, but not as well as short blades of experimental M. splendens. However, the narrow blade of M. linearis allows it to reach a reproductively mature length, whereas the short, broken survivors of experimental M. splendens are not long enough to be reproductive. In the sheltered transplant site, genet survival for control M. splendens and experimental M. linearis was similar, but replicate M. lin- earis populations located higher in the intertidal were stressed (i.e. bleached) and more likely to die. Survivorship for SC2 blades of experimental M. linearis was not greater than SC2 blades of control M. splendens as predicted by the biomechanics model; survivorship of these 2 treatments was similar. For both species, the junction between the stipe and holdfast was rarely the most frequent break lo- cation as predicted by previous studies of Mazzaella and other red algae. We conclude that M. lin- earis is more likely to survive and become reproductive at high wave impact sites because its narrow blade can persist in the face of large hydrodynamic forces. In contrast, in a sheltered site the wide- bladed form of M. splendens is still at a hydrodynamic disadvantage relative to M. linearis, but M. splendens is able to survive long enough to produce wide, potentially reproductive blades because it is apparently more tolerant of abiotic conditions (e.g. high irradiance, desiccation) within these sites.


Technetium-99m is the most useful radionuclide in diagnostic imaging procedures in Nuclear Medicine, more than 80 percent of radiopharmaceuticals are Tc-labeled compounds. The reason for such a position of Tc in clinical use is its favorable physical characteristics (half life of 6.02 h, gamma emission of low energy, 140 keV, and absence of particulated emission). Tc-DMSA (V) is used for the detection of medullary thyroid cancer and other soft tissue tumors. Other studies carried out by this compound include head and neck tumors, liver and skeletal metastases from breast carcinoma. The aim of this work is the development of a lyophilized DMSA-V kit for the one step labeling with Tc, and to compare it with the two steps labeling method performed by pH adjustment of a DMSA (III) kit. The radiochemical purity was evaluated by thin layer chromatography on sílica gel (TLC-SG), developing with n-butanol/acetic acid/ H2O (3:2:3) solvent, TcDMSA (III) stayed at the origin (Rf= 0), and Tc-DMSA (V) (Rf = 0.7) migrated more slowly toward the solvent front than TcO4 (Rf = 1). When developing with water, TcO2 stayed at the origin and the other species migrated to the solvent front. The results so far showed good labeling yields of Tc-DMSA (V).


The crime situation in South Africa has for some time now been the topic of a heated and controversial debate. In an effort to normalise or contextualise the debate, reference is frequently made to the situation in and contexts of other developing countries, the validity of crime statistics, the underreporting of crime.


The article shows the advantages of modeling module for planning project and promotion activities of instrument-making enterprises. The construction of a data structure for modeling module is studied in the article. The modeling module incoming data that are derived from other enterprise information systems are described. The outgoing data and the user interface for the simulated task plans, resources management and executors of design and promotion activities indication are shown.


Objective To investigate the cause,prevention and treatment of complications of transnaso-sphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenoma in post-anesthesia care unit(PACU).Methods 1064 patients with transnaso-sphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenoma in PACU were analyzed retrospectively.Circulatory complications,respiratory complications,postoperative nausea and vomiting,pain,agitation,shivering and delayed recovery were recorded and treated.Results 38.9% patients suffered from various complications in PACU.The most frequent complications were circulatory complications(26.7%),followed by postoperative nausea and vomiting(8.3%),respiratory complications(5.4%),pain(5.2%),agitation(4.6%),shivering(2.7%) and delayed recovery(0.2%).Conclusions Circulatory complications,postoperative nausea and vomiting,respiratory complications and pain are common complications of transnaso-sphenoidal microsurgery for pituitary adenoma.Understanding of potential complications and strategies for prevention are essential to successful postoperative care.


Two components, i.e. antigens that are specific for either IL-12R [beta] l or IL-12R subunit of IL-12 receptor - one component comprising a binding region, and IL-18 receptor IL-18R or AcPL antigen is specific for one of subunits - bispecific monoclonal antibody comprising the other component comprising a binding region is described.


Two new specimens of Hyaenodon venturae from the early Chadronian (latest Eocene) of Wyoming provide new information about this rare, miniature hyaenodont, and extend the upper end of the temporal range of the species. The significant difference between H. venturae and H. microdon, the two smallest North American species of Hyaenodon, is the absence of synostosis of the mandibular symphysis in adult H. venturae. In Hyaenodon microdon, from the middle Chadronian, on the contrary, fusion of the symphysis is complete while the individual is still in the juvenile stage of ontogenesis, before the eruption of m3. Within the genus Hyaenodon the ml becomes relatively smaller as the length of the tooth row (pl-m3) increases; this relationship can be demonstrated in the series of species from the miniature H. venturae to the giant H. megaloides.


e14556Background: KD033 is a clinical-stage bispecific fusion molecule consisting of a high-affinity anti-human-PD-L1 antibody and human IL-15. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that targeting ...


PURPOSE: An anti-reflective film is provided to lower a reflectance ratio and enhance the surface hardness by using a hard coating layer and a low refractive layer. CONSTITUTION: A hard coating layer(103) and a low refractive layer(101) are sequentially laminated on an upper surface of one side or both sides of a transparent plastic supporter(104). The hard coating layer has a refractive index of 1.65 to 2.70 and surface hardness of 3H or more. The low refractive layer has the refractive index of 1.20 to 1.50. The hard coating layer is formed by distributing inorganic particles to a hardening binder. The hardening binder is formed with one or mixture of acryl polymer, urethane polymer, silicon polymer, and silica compound.


In today's modern age where the computer has become a way of life, the old method of managing records manually is no longer practical. As the trend towards the utilization of information technology permeates workspaces, the need for accuracy, speed, and high memory data storage is a must. Presented in this paper is the development and deployment of the patient information and descriptive analytics system to provide users with easy access to information critical to the operation of the University of Bohol Medical and Rehabilitation Center. This study is inspired and motivated by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) declared by the United Nations in 2015 and Philippine Health Agenda for 2016-2022. The study desires to help achieve the ongoing Health Agenda of the Philippines focusing on information that is identified as one of the building blocks of health. The study utilized the Structured Analysis and Design Techniques (SADT) to structure, plan and manage the process of developing the system. This study delved into the data management system of the University of Bohol Medical and Rehabilitation Center that uses the manual data processing method. Potential users and data players which include the physiatrist, physical therapists, occupational therapists, staff, and interns of the medical rehabilitation center were interviewed, and the flow of processes in the center was observed to gather relevant data needed in the design and development of the system. The descriptive health analytics is developed to help the data players of the university's health care facility make informed decisions and improve patient health outcomes. The system evaluation results revealed that the system conforms to standards obtaining a score of 3.53 or a descriptive value of Strongly Agree using the ISO 9126 model scored on a four-point Likert scale. This study concluded that the results of the study directly gives an advantage to the management of patient records that enables the data actors to view the patients' records holistically for better planning and decision-making.


The upconversion mechanism of Er3+ ions has been studied for lead‐germanate glasses containing Er2O3 concentrations from 0.1 mol % to 2 mol %. Intense green emission was observed at room temperature due to 4S3/2→4I15/2 transition excited by a cw near‐infrared laser beam at 797 nm. This green emission shows a similar intensity for samples with different Er3+ ion concentrations. A weak blue emission of 410 nm originating from the 2H9/2→4I15/2 transition was also observed. This blue emission and a red emission from the 4F9/2 level increase with the increase in Er3+ ion concentration. The bright green emission is attributed to the excited level absorption while the blue emission is due to a third step excitation where energy transfer between excited ions owing to their Coulomb interaction plays a key role.


A study was carried out in a screen house to determine the bacterial population dynamics in a crude oil soil undergoing bioremediation. The agricultural soil samples were polluted with different concentrations (5, 8 and 11%) of crude oil. Physiochemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on the polluted and unpolluted soil samples at various intervals beginning from two weeks after the pollution of the soil samples to the fourteenth week. The soil samples were found to be acidic (5.40) and rich in phosphorous (26.52 mg/kg). There were no significant differences in the pH, organic matter, sodium, potassium and magnesium of the unpolluted and the polluted soil samples. The microbial loads of the polluted soil samples were lower than the unpolluted soil samples throughout the study. The highest bacterial loads (27.00d±2.20, 19.40c±1.80, 8.70b±0.50 for 5, 8 and 11% crude oil concentration respectively) were observed, when Ewingella americana (bacterium with known crude oil degrading ability) was inoculated into the polluted soil samples. The bacterial species responsible for the bioremediation from the polluted soil samples were identified using conventional techniques. The bacterial species isolated and identified were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Proteus vulgaris and Staphylococcus aureus. Bacillus spp has the highest percentage frequency (Bacillus subtilis = 30.95% and Bacillus cereus = 21.43%). The consistent isolation of these bacteria shows that they could survive the crude oil pollution and possibly utilize the crude oil, thereby making the crude oil less harmful to the environment.

 Key words: Bacteria, bioremediation, bacterial species, crude oil.


This paper introduces the characteristics of CST drives and conventional hydraulic coupling drives,discusses and compares the performance of CST and conventional hydraulic coupling drives on long distance belt conveyor and finally puts forward the advantages of the selection of CST drives.


In this report we characterize the mechanism of Rac‑mediated cyclin D1 gene expression in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Activated Rac strongly stimulated cyclin D1 gene transcription but did not alter the half‑life of cyclin D1 mRNA. Inhibition of NFkB signaling with the IkB super‑repressor blocked the Rac‑dependent expression of cyclin D1 mRNA, and this effect was selective since ERK‑dependent cyclin D1 mRNA induction was minimally affected by super‑repressor expression. However, we found that p65 activity in this system was induced by serum and not by activated Rac. Moreover, mouse cyclin D1 promoter‑luciferase assays showed that Rac stimulated cyclin D1 gene expression without activating NFkB and that an essential Rac‑regulated promoter element is located far upstream or downstream of the cyclin D1 transcription start site. We conclude that, in MEFs, Rac-mediated induction of cyclin D1 mRNA requires activation of a parallel NFkB pathway whereas ERK induces cyclin D1 transcription independent of NFkB.


This paper discusses the basis for differences among heterosexuals in their reactions to gay people, with special emphasis on the issue of gender differences. Three studies conducted with students at six different universities revealed a consistent tendency for heterosexual males to express more hostile attitudes than heterosexual females, especially toward gay men. The same social psychological variables appear to underlie both males' and females' attitudes toward both gay men and lesbians: religiosity, adherence to traditional ideologies of family and gender, perception of friends' agreement with one's own attitudes, and past interactions with lesbians and gay men. The role of these variables in shaping attitudes is discussed and areas for future research are proposed. Construction and validation of the Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men (ATLG) scale are also described.


To apply mechanical principles of sports biology to physical education teaching is one of the best methods of quickly improving the teaching results. It is also the solid foundation for guiding the scientific research. This paper mainly discusses the teaching methods and scientific means of applying mechanical principles of sports biology ito shot teaching.


Abstract : Consideration of Line-of-Sight (LOS) conditions has always been an essential aspect of the battlefield. Knowledge of the surrounding terrain and its corresponding elevation has even more implications today in the modern Army. To date, the Defense Mapping Agency's (DMA) Digital Terrain Elevation Data (DTED) Level 1 database, an elevation matrix with 3 arc second or approximately 100-meter post spacing, has been used by most military and DOD users when elevation data was required for modeling, simulations or other applications. Recent advances in weapon systems and combat simulators has brought into question the adequacy of DTED Level 1 for terrain appreciation and threat prediction applications, especially LOS. Consequently, the need for higher resolution terrain data (e.g, greater than 30 meter post spacing) and the ability of differing resolutions of DTED to accurately predict LOS conditions is of great interest to the Army's community.


We examined the effect of (±)‐gamma‐vinyl GABA (GVG, Vigabatrin), an irreversible inhibitor of the enzyme GABA transaminase, on the acquisition and expression of cocaine‐induced sensitization in albino male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Animals received a single injection of 1 ml/kg i.p. of 0.9% saline or 15 mg/kg i.p. of (−)‐cocaine and locomotor activity was assessed using automated locomotor cages and stereotyped behaviors were scored using a 4‐point rating scale (Day 1). Subsequently, animals were given 15 mg/kg i.p. of cocaine every 48 h in their home cage for 1 week (Days 3, 5, and 7) and then given no treatment for 1 week. A challenge injection of 15 mg/kg i.p. of cocaine, but not vehicle, produced a significant increase in locomotor activity and stereotyped behaviors on Day 15 compared to animals that received cocaine on Day 1. Administration of 75 mg/kg i.p. of GVG 2.5 h before the cocaine injections did not significantly alter the acquisition of cocaine‐induced locomotor sensitization. However, 150 mg/kg i.p. of GVG significantly attenuated the acquisition of cocaine‐induced locomotor sensitization. Administration of 150 mg/kg i.p. of GVG 2.5 h before the cocaine challenge injection on Day 15 significantly attenuated the expression of cocaine‐induced locomotor sensitization. Acquisition and expression of cocaine‐induced sensitization of stereotypy was also significantly attenuated by 150 mg/kg i.p. of GVG. Since sensitization may be one of the factors involved in relapse to drug use, the present results, in combination with previous findings that GVG blocks the rewarding and incentive motivating effects of cocaine, suggest that GVG might prove useful in the treatment of cocaine addiction. Synapse 46:240–250, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This article analyzes the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina (1992-1996) by examining the strategies used to destroy cultural patrimony. In it, we demonstrate how political and military strategy was formulated with the aim of masking the presence of populations which the war sought to eliminate - through deportation, death and the negation of their collective past


Functional position of personal income tax first is supposed to put into the place of adjusting income distribution in order to solve the problem of the unfair income distribution;then the function of financial income should be considered.Reforming tax patterns,perfecting expense deduction,regulating tax preference and stregthening tax management are the choice of our personal income tax reform.


the article presents data on the structure and features of the functioning of the department of agrometeorological forecasts of the Hydrometeorological Center of Russia for timely provision of agricultural industries with correct meteorological information.


Since the 1980s robotic-art has been a valuable, if overlooked, domain within the study of contemporary visual arts, art history, and arts education. In this article we introduce a series of real-w...


An expression for the velocity matrix of an electron in the tight-binding approximation is derived for a disordered system by the taking the non-orthogonality between atomic orbitals into account. The velocity matrix has a complicated dependence on the atomic configuration. However, the velocity matrix can be shown to be replaced in the calculation of the DC conductivity by an effective velocity matrix which has an explicit energy dependence but has a simple configuration dependence. The Kubo-Greenwood formula with the effective velocity matrix is very suitable to use in the framework of the Green function theory. Consequently, it turns out that previous formulations of the conductivity made in the 'orthogonal orbital model' can be readily extended in such a way that the effect of the nonorthogonality is fully included.


The Research diagnostic criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) is a tool used by International RDC/TMD Consortium (A Designated Network of the International Association for Dental Research), to diagnose and categorize TMD patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of TMD in undergraduate dental and medical students based on RDC/TMD; and its relation with depression and somatization. 37 male and 48 female dental and medical students from FMH College of Medicine & Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan were evaluated. A clinical physical diagnosis (Axis I) and pain related disability and psychological status (Axis II) were assessed using a questionnaire and clinical examination on RDC/ TMD protocol. Seventeen students diagnosed with TMD showed significantly higher incidence in females (p=0.003). Maximum number of TMD was in internal derangement group, followed by pathosis and muscle disorder groups. Significantly higher TMD incidence was noted in participants (p = 0.00, Likelihood ratio = 10.80) with Axis II than those without Axis II. Significant TMD participants showed somatization than those without TMD (p = 0.000, Likelihood ratio = 12.04).


There is increasing interest in the implementation of microsimulation approaches for urban systems modeling. Advances in microsimulation approaches have occurred rather independently in three streams of research land use modeling, activity-based travel modeling, and dynamic traffic assignment. This paper presents an integrated model system that brings these three streams of research together with a view to capture the interdependencies underlying human decision making and choice behavior in the urban context. The paper offers a detailed overview of the model design and will provide preliminary results from initial test runs of a prototype of the integrated model system.


Site U1317 is located on the northwest shoulder of Challenger Mound (51°22.8′N, 11°43.1′W; 781–815 m water depth). Challenger Mound is a part of the Belgica mound province, where outcropping and buried mounds occur in water depths of 600–900 m on the eastern slope of Porcupine Seabight on the southwest continental margin of Ireland (Fig. F1). The mound has an elongated shape oriented along a north-northeast to south-southwest axis and is partially buried under Pleistocene drift sediments. More sediment trapping occurs on the eastern upslope side, leaving only 30 m of Challenger Mound exposed. On the downslope side (location of Site U1316), less sediment trapping and erosive northward-flowing currents leave 70–80 m of the mound exposed (Van Rooij et al., 2003). An oval plateau demarcates the summit; however, the slopes of the mound grade steeply at an angle of 20°–33°. Present-day water masses in Porcupine Seabight flow generally northward and include European North Atlantic Water (ENAW) down to ~750 m. The ENAW overlies a core of Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) that reaches to ~1500 m and is marked by a salinity maximum and oxygen minimum. North East Atlantic Deep Water lies below 1500 m (Rice et al., 1991; White, 2001). De Mol et al. (2002) hypothesize that MOW plays an important role in the distribution of azooxanthellate cold-water corals found living on the flanks of Porcupine Seabight.


The question of the minimum age of criminal responsibility in England and Wales is one which regularly arises. The recent confirmation of the abolition of the presumption of doli incapax raised some concerns about the resultant treatment of young people in the criminal justice system. This paper approaches this issue from the perspective of England and Wales' compliance with human rights obligations. The application of the substantive criminal law is analysed with respect to its compliance with relevant international human rights standards. Research relating to the engagement of the criminal justice process with young people is examined, leading to a conclusion that the position in practice bears more consideration to the status of young people than the substantive law might initially suggest. However, concerns relating to arbitrariness in this practice lead to a conclusion that raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility is desirable.


There is an abundance of literature on impacted teeth but only a few papers have addressed impacted premolars. A case of a young female with bilaterally impacted mandibular 2 nd premolars in trans-alveolar position with their crowns facing lingually and roots buccally is reported. The patient was under orthodontic treatment for correction of malocclusion with an orthodontic plan for surgical removal of impacted mandibular 2 nd premolars. Due to lingual position of crowns of these impacted teeth, it was decided to adopt lingual surgical approach rather than conventional buccal approach for their removal. The surgical approach with discussion on the various management options for management of impacted premolars is described here.


A field experiment was carried out in the rainy season of 2019 in Gombe states, Nigeria. The experiment was carried out in Tal, Billiri Local Government, Gombe State. The aim of the experiment was investigate the performance of ten varieties of sesame. The ten different varieties were; E-8, NCRIBEN-01, NCRIBEN-02, NCRIBEM-031, YANDEV-55, EX-BR-1, EX-BR-2, E-SUDAN, 560-1 and LOCAL. The treatments were laid in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were combined to have 10 plots in a block with 1 meter between the block and 0.5 meters within the plots. The seeds were placed in 5cm depth at the spacing of 15 x 75cm. During the research growth parameters like plant height, number of leaves and number of branches were measured. Other growth parameters like days of 1st flower, 50% flower, days of maturity, number of capsule per plant, seeds per capsule, number of capsule per leaves axis, 1000 seed weight and seed yield were also recorded. The results of the experiment revealed that sesame generally responded to both varietal and fertilizer effects. All the parameters studied have significantly (P≤0.05) responded to the varietal effects, here variety NCRIBEN-01 and E-8 were observed to perform higher in both growth parameters, yield related character and overall yield. Based on the result obtained it can be suggested that the use of E-8, NCRIBEN-01, NCRIBEN-02, NCRIBEN-031, YANDEV-55 will give high yield followed by EX-BR-1, EX-BR-2, E-SUDAN and 506-1 leading to optimum yield for farmers in Tal, Billiri Local


Summary The case histories are examined of 41 patients who were admitted to hospital for the first time with a diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive neurosis. Aspects of the phenomenology are reported which presented between the first appearance of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and discharge from the first admission. The mean age for admission was 31·6 years (SD 14·3) and 68 per cent of the sample were women. The women showed significantly higher incidences of contamination phobia and of compulsive cleaning behaviour than did the men. Cleaning behaviour and avoidance of feared stimuli were the most frequently encountered manifestations of compulsive behaviour.


An adjustable handle structure for a carry cot comprises an operational button (3), a connection rod (4), a lock piece (5), and a reset spring (6). The operational button (3) and the connection rod (4) are both rotatably installed on a handle (1). A cob mounting part (21) is configured on a carry cot (2). One or more lock piece position limiting slots (23) are formed in the cob mounting part (21). The lock piece (5) is slidably attached in the cob mounting part (21). The reset spring (6) is located in the cob mounting part (21), and two ends thereof abut against the cob mounting part (21) and the lock piece (5), respectively. One end of the connection rod (4) abuts against the operational button (3), and the other end of the connection rod (4) abuts against the lock piece (5). The lock piece (5) can be pushed by the connection rod (4) to release from the lock piece position limiting slot (23), or locked into the lock piece position limiting slot (23) by an action of the reset spring. The embodiment can adjust, according to user requirement, the handle to different positions or states, and then lock the same, implementing adjustable handle position in relation to that of the cob, and being simple in structure and easy to operate.


This system use circle close feature,getting signal in whole circle carrying on compensation in all direc tions, error or measuring brought by the eccentricity of deviate capacitive grating of polar plate may be great re duced. And it's making power consumptions low, especially it is suitable to portable digital measuring system.


Zircon fission-track dating was applied to determine the age of the Hiyoriyama Cryptodome in the Noboribetsu Geothermal Field, Kuttara Volcano, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan. We dated two rock samples (HYand HY) collected from the wall of an explosion crater at the summit of the cryptodome. A total of . kg of dacite (HY) and . kg of dacite (HY) was crushed, and (HY) and (HY) zircon grains were used to determine the relatively young fission-track ages. Dating was performed using the external detector method, and the ages were calculated from the densities of spontaneous and induced tracks in the whole zircon grains. The obtained ages are ka (HY) and ka (HY), which are the same within error. The dating results suggest that the cryptodome formed at ka. :


The Gates Christo and Jeanne-Claude Feb. 12–27, 2005

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Figure. Photo by: B. Sibbald

The environmental artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude say there was no message, no symbolism, no purpose to The Gates, Central Park, New York City, 1979–2005 , other than to be art.

"We


Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), with its antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties, may offer different applications for medicine and medical technology. Wound because CAPs can inactivate different kinds of microorganisms, including antibiotic-resistant strains. In this article, we describe the way in which surface micro-discharge (SMD) plasma was investigated to evaluate a safe therapeutic window for wound treatment. We found that Escherichia coli as the test strain. To evaluate the response of plasma-treated eukaryotic cells, we used primary human dermal plasma: low-input power produces a more reactive oxygen species–based chemistry and highinput power a more reactive nitrogen species. Using this characteristic, bactericidal effect and cell viability were investigated for a wide range of chemical plasma cocktails with different compositions and concentrations of mainly reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Our results cell viability can be achieved simultaneously.


Description A pair of books confront the dark sides of virtual communities A pair of books confront the dark sides of virtual communities


In the paper,it is illustrated systematically the design methods for construction detail of steel structure from the aspects such as its functions,necessities and general process of drawing,arrangement plans,general specifications of design,serial numbers of components,piece tables,detail drawing of components and quality assurance.


To detect the salient object in natural images with low contrast and complex backgrounds, a saliency detection method that fuses global and local information under multilayer cellular automata is proposed. First, a global saliency map was obtained by the iteratively trained convolutional neural network (CNN)-based encoder-decoder model. Moreover, to transmit high-level information to the lower-level layers and further reinforce the object edge, the skip connections and edge penalty term were added to the network. Second, the foreground and background codebooks were generated by the global saliency map, and sparse coding was subsequently obtained by the locality-constrained linear coding model. Thus, a local saliency map was generated. Finally, the final saliency map was obtained by fusing the global and local saliency maps under the multilayer cellular automata framework. The experimental results show that the average F-measure of our method on the MSRA 10K, ECSSD, DUT-OMRON, HKU-IS, THUR 15K, and XPIE datasets is 93.4%, 89.5%, 79.4%, 88.7%, 73.6%, and 85.2%, respectively, and the MAE is 0.046, 0.067, 0.054, 0.044, 0.072, and 0.049. Ultimately, these findings prove that our method has both high saliency detection accuracies and strong generalization abilities. In particular, our method can effectively detect the salient object of natural images with low contrast and complex backgrounds.


Serum ferritin and transferrin have been identified as prognostic markers in patients with chronic diseases. In this study, we investigated if these parameters can predict outcome in patients with acute liver failure.


: A nonlinear dynamic model of rolling element bearing in EMUs with outer ring faults is built, and the nonlinear dynamics behavior of the model is analyzed Under the normal state and failure state. The rolling element bearing in this model is a tapered one, and three nonlinear factors were considered, such as clearance of bearing, nonlinear Hertzian contact force between balls and races, and unbalance force because of the rotor eccentric mass. In order to prove the validity of the model by comparing the varying compliance(VC) frequency and outer ring fault feature frequency which are derived from the simulation and actual calculate and get the complex nonlinear dynamic response, the numerical method is used. The dynamic stability of the system is analyzed considering various rotating speed and size of faults. The system gradually deviates the steady condition and goes to chaos earlier with the bigger rotating speed and fault size. The system bifurcation and chaos characteristics is studied based on the spectrogram, phase plan, bifurcation diagrams and Poincare map, from which the roads to chaos, such as the quasi periodic motion to chaos, paroxysmal and period-doubling bifurcation, are discovered in this paper. The results of the analysis have a certain significance for the study of failure mechanism and evolution rule of train axle box bearing.


The Combined EIS-NVSS Survey of Radio Sources (CENSORS) is a 1.4-GHz radio survey selected from the National Radio Astronomy Observatories (NRAO) Very Large Array (VLA) Sky Survey (NVSS) and complete to a flux density of 7.2 mJy. It targets the European Southern Observatory (ESO) Imaging Survey (EIS) Patch D, which is a 3 x 2-deg 2 field centred on right ascension 09 h 51 m 36 s 0 and declination -21°00'00" (J2000). This paper presents K-band imaging of 142 of the 150 CENSORS sources. The primary motivation for beginning infrared imaging of the sample was to identify the host galaxies of ∼30 per cent of sources for which the EIS I-band imaging failed to produce a likely candidate. In addition, K-band magnitudes allow photometric redshift estimation and I - K colours aid the identification of host galaxies (which are typically old, red ellipticals). Of the sources observed in the I and K bands, four remain undetected, possibly indicating high redshifts for the host galaxies, and eight involve complicated radio structures, or several candidate host galaxies, which have yet to be resolved. Thus, the host galaxy identifications are brought to 92 per cent completeness. In conjunction with spectroscopic observations, the K-band magnitudes have been aperture corrected and used to establish a K-z relation for the CENSORS radio galaxies. This relation is of interest because of its variation, at z > 1, between radio surveys of different flux-density limit. Establishing this relation for CENSORS may shed light on the origin of this variation and will allow an appropriate K-z redshift estimator for any CENSORS source which remains without a spectroscopic redshift. It is shown that whilst the K-z relation for CENSORS is fainter than that of 3CRR at all redshifts, it agrees well with that of 7C over all redshifts studied.


Uptake rates of macrominerals and trace elements were characterized in batch and continuous cultures of Spirulina platensis under photoautotropic conditions. The values of yield coefficients were determined using inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy (ICP-ES). Further simplifications of culture medium proved possible, mainly in the trace element solutions; concentrations of some elements were lowered and trace elements B, Mo, V, Cr, Ni, Co, W, and Ti were removed.


To determine the appropriate treatment suitable for improving the heads flowers keeping quality and detecting some physiological changes occurring during the vase life period of the cut (Dendranthema grandiflorum, Ramat) cvs White Reagan and Arctic Queen heads flowers so, this study was consummated at post-Harvest. Lab. of floriculture Dep., Hort. Res. Inst., Giza, Egypt during 2013 and 2014 seasons to study the effect of some holding solutions ,viz. distilled water, (control), Gibberellic acid at 0.001%, Sucrose at (2 and 4 %), Citric acid at (150 mg/l), and 8Hydroxyqunoline citrate at (200 mg/l) on longevity of flower heads (vase life), water uptake, number of yellowing leaves and number of days from putting flowers in the different solutions to yellowing leaves (day). The obtained data exhibited that all holding solutions caused a marked increment in the studied characters compared to that registered from Sucrose (4%). In this respect, cut flowers treated with Sucrose at (2%) +8Hydroxyqunoline citrate at (200 mg/l) + Gibberellic acid at (0.001 %) + Citric acid at (150 mg/l) decreased yellowing leaves and improved chlorophyll content and total carbohydrates in flower petals and leaves followed by the combined treatment of Sucrose at (4%) + 8-Hydroxyqunoline citrate at (200mg/l) + Gibberellic acid at (0.001%) + Citric acid at (150mg/l). Cut flowers (Dendranthema grandiflorum, Ramat.) cv. White Reagan gave the best results for studied characters compared to cv. Arctic Queen, results of interaction showed that all holding solutions had the highest effect on extending vase life, number of days taken for yellowing leaves and water uptake, while decreased number of yellowing leaves and improved chlorophyll content and total carbohydrates in flower petals and leaves .It could recommended to extend vase life of chrysantmemum cvs White Reagan and Arctic Queen holding cut flower in distilled water content sucrose ( 2%) + 8-Hydroxyqunoline citrate (8HQC) (200 mg/l) + GA3 (0.001 %)) + Citric acid (150mg/l).


This article discusses the plans and constructional details of selected houses in East Anglia which immediately predate the colonization of New England in the early 17th century, and compares them with early houses in Massachusetts and New Hampshire. Seven characteristics of New England timber building are identified and origins suggested for them. The carpentry joints involved are closely examined. The steady emigration to America of newlytrained craftsmen and the constant interchange of ideas through colonial trade are two possible explanations for the parallel development of constructional techniques in the two areas under discussion.


During the period of transition between prelinguistic and linguistic communication (the second year of life) the communicative signals are mostly non-conventionalized and their semiotic power is relatively low. In this paper, communication sequences observed at 16 and 22 months are analysed in order to determine how the partner's joint communicative activity allows the sharing of intentions conveyed by gestural and/or vocal signals. The adult's responses to two types of gestures - holding out an object and pointing - during joint play were analysed. In addition, the discussion of a series of examples shows the part played by the adult in the performance of relatively complex speech acts. These analyses suggest that the adult partner's interpretation of the child's intention depends on several cues: who is currently carrying out the activity and how, the child's age and, in some cases, already existing routines. The respective roles of gestures and speech when produced in conjunction with each other are discussed.


Stochastic lie group-valued measures and their relations to stochastic curve integrals, gauge fields and markov cosurfaces.- Existence and sample path properties of the diffusions in Nelson's stochastic mechanics.- Characteristic exponents for stochastic flows.- Electric field and effective dielectric constant in random media with non-linear response.- Remarks on the central limit theorem for weakly dependent random variables.- Time reversal on Wiener space.- Lattice gauge theory Heuristics and convergence.- The generalized Malliavin calculus based on Brownian sheet and Bismut's expansion for large deviation.- An elementary approach to Brownian motion on manifolds.- The stochastic mechanics of the ground-state of the hydrogen atom.- Nonstandard analysis and perturbations of the laplacian along Brownian paths.- Haussdorf dimension for the statistical equilibrium of stochastics flows.- Stopping problems of symmetric Markov processes and non-linear variational inequalites.- Mean exit times and hitting probabilities of Brownian motion in geodesic balls and tubular neighborhoods.- Rigorous scaling laws for Dyson measures.- Asymptotic freedom: A rigorous approach.- The fermion stochastic calculus I.


In answering the call of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (1990) that "science should be taught as science is practiced at it's best," instructors and institutions across the country have systematically begun to lower the barriers to students' active engagement in learning science by introducing new strategies into their classrooms. For a nucleus of science faculty at the University of Delaware, problem-based learning (PBL) allowed us to join in this reform by directing our skills as scientists to finding solutions for our dissatisfaction with "business as usual" in our classrooms.


The elderly in Russia have often been among those least opportunity to provide what might be termed "housing able to cope with all the changes that have taken place safety


The article analyzes the concept, essence and features of crime as a destructive factor in the development of the rule of law in Ukraine. It is established that the concept of the rule of law covers the obligation of the state to guarantee the rights and freedoms of man and citizen determined by law, guided by the principle of the rule of law exclusively in the interests of citizens. It is further argued that the concept of the rule of law also covers the obligation of the state (in the form of its institutions) to ensure and create appropriate conditions for the equal use of all rights and freedoms by all citizens and individuals. It is argued that the determinants of crime, which simultaneously act as its features, have a destructive effect directly on the foundations of statehood, which negatively affects the functioning of all state institutions and their ability to further develop in the fight against external destructive factors. The author presents an approach to the definition of signs of crime, which consists in the fact that among the most accurate and detailed signs of crime in the legal literature are such as: «illegality», «systematic», «mass». It is found out, on the basis of the analyzed positions of scientists, that the interconnectedness of the destructive influence of crime as a social manifestation with the process of building the rule of law in Ukraine is due to the fact that the main object of criminal encroachment is the basic characteristic of the rule of law (requires on the one hand proper support, and on the other-counteraction to destructive factors). The positions presented in the article emphasize that modern crime, taking into account the peculiarities of its structure, growth and elements of the system, as well as other current characteristics, poses a major threat to the stable and consistent development of democracy in Ukraine, which is a guarantee and one on the necessary conditions for the establishment of the rule of law in Ukraine. Emphasis is also placed on the fact that the prospect of further scientific study of this topic is to determine measures to optimize the mechanism for responding to crime in the context of ensuring the rule of law in Ukraine.


The appearance of the concept, meanings, and types of institutions of civil society is quite common in the scientific literature. However, these works are mostly focused on dogmatic topics; the particular people's associations that exist in the Russian Federation and their derivative components, as a rule, remain outside the scope of research. The purpose of the conducted research was to highlight and describe the most significant institutions of civil society at the domestic level, as well as to identify possible trends in their development. The objectives of the study were to briefly review the main ideas of civil society from the moment of their origin in Russia to the present days; to determine the content of the concepts of 'civil society' and 'institute of civil society' in relation to the article presented; to analyze the significance of a number of people's associations and their derivative components for the development of civil society; and to highlight the prospects of domestic civil society institutions. The methodological basis of this work was represented by dialectical materialism as a universal method of cognition. The following general and specific scientific methods such as analogy, observation, description, modeling, historical and legalistic research methods were also used in the study. Resting on the research of a numerous scientists, investigative journalists reports and personal practical experience, the authors came to the following conclusion: the fundamental institutions of civil society in the Russian Federation are represented by non-profit organizations, the media, scholars associations, as well as by various forms of social activity focused on the implementation of human and civil rights; it is also fair to assume that civil society institutions will partly change and increase their influence on the power structures in the future.


The activity of cellular nucleoside triphosphatases (NTPases) must be tightly controlled to prevent spontaneous ATP hydrolysis leading to cell death. While most P-loop NTPases require activation by arginine or lysine fingers, some of the apparently ancestral ones are, instead, activated by potassium ions, but not by sodium ions. We combined comparative structure analysis of P-loop NTPases of various classes with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of Mg-ATP complexes in water and in the presence of potassium, sodium, or ammonium ions. In all analyzed structures, the conserved P-loop motif keeps the triphosphate chains of enzyme-bound NTPs in an extended, catalytically prone conformation, similar to that attained by ATP in water in the presence of potassium or ammonium ions bound between alpha- and gamma-phosphate groups. The smaller sodium ions could not reach both alpha- and gamma-phosphates of a protein-bound extended phosphate chain and therefore are unable to activate most potassium-dependent P-loop NTPases.


This article sustains the need to link the fight against corruption with a much broader objective such as that of improving the quality of governance. Without this broader goal, anti-corruption strategies are bound to fail. Countries that best control corruption are also those with the highest quality of government. An executive branch subjected to effective limits in its exercise in order to guarantee the safeguarding of the public interest in all its actions, not only allows better control of corruption, but at the same time also ensures better levels of prosperity, a greater degree of equal opportunities, and also higher doses of institutional and social trust.


We assessed the accuracy of a visual survey method for quantification of acorn production in Holm oak in two plots located in the Huelva province of southwestern Spain during three acorn dissemination periods from 2007 to 2010. At the end of September during each period, visual surveys were used to estimate acorn numbers. Four seed traps were placed beneath the crowns of the same trees at the north, south, east, and west positions to determine acorn weight and number on a fortnightly basis during the mast seeding period (October to January). The accuracy of the visual survey was assessed by linear regression and correlation analysis. The results indicated a significant positive correlation of the two methods during all the three time periods. The resulting regression equations allowed estimation of acorn production based on visual surveys. These results suggest that the visual survey method is a simple and precise method that can be used to predict acorn production in Holm oak landscapes.


Suicide gene therapy is a potential strategy for carcinoma in the clinic. HSV1-tk gene has the advantage of being both a therapeutic gene and a reporter gene. It can be used for gene therapy and gene imaging. Noninvasive in vivo HSV1-tk imaging developed more recently and is based on nuclear marker/reporter probes (FIAU; FMAU; FHBG and FHPG) and in vivo optical imaging systems (positron emission tomography; single photon emission computed tomography and gamma camera). These strategies are different in sensitivity and specificity, but they all facilitate the monitoring and evaluation of gene therapy in human subjects by defining the location, magnitude, and persistence of gene expression over time. The combination of HSV1-tk gene therapy and different therapeutic strategies (target therapy; radiotherapy;chemotherapy; biotherapy and thermotherapy) has additive or synergistic efficacy. It has been demonstrated to be very useful to enhance therapeutic effect.


Ensuring the full connection between steel sheet and concrete after applying a load to composite slabs is still nowadays something difficult to achieve. The aim of the current project is to reveal the experimental results of a new bonding system, under patent [19] by the Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya (UPC) which its function is to resist the shearing forces and separating forces generated between both materials when the composite steel-concrete element is loaded ensuring the commented full connection between materials and working as a composite cross section.
The new method has been validated with amount of tests which results have been compared with different commercial carbon steel sheeting slabs and ferritic stainless steel sheeting slabs, all of them with traditional embossment as a connection system. These tests have been carried out in "Laboratori d'estructures i resistencia de materials" (LERMA)[2][3]. The comparison between composite slabs using traditional embossments and those which use new connection system is extremely deep. The ultimate state values of new composite slabs were reached with inexistent slippage, so the ultimate bending moment resistance is higher on new composite slabs.
Moreover, theoretical predicted calculations, always by the Eurocode4[4]directions, have been done trying to predict the ultimate state service for each studied composite slab. Then it has been compared such predicted results with the experimental testing.
Comparison of experimental and analytical results of the load-carrying capacity of composite slabs revealed that agreements between these values are sufficiently good.


This data collection combines information collected as part of two studies, both asking about the physical and close social contact behaviour of PIPSA residents in the context of respiratory infectious diseases. The Umoya omuhle study, conducted in 2019, asked respondents to provide detailed information on the people they had prolonged close contact with (physical or conversational) on a recent day, and where they travelled and spent time indoors. The Covid Social Contact study repeated many of these measures from June 2020 onwards, during Covid-related lockdowns. The data collection was created in order to measure how behaviours, and thus risk for respiratory infection, changed over the intervening year.


In this paper, a vision system is proposed for high-reliability text label identification on industrial equipment, where complex background, changing conditions and illumination effects pose significant challenges. The system handles images with a low resolution that are taken from a wide fieldof-view camera. Due to these challenges, the task of detecting text is divided in two parts. The first part consists of detecting text candidate regions in wide-area images using an edge-based approach. The second part examines these candidate regions in more detail using connected component analysis to identify those containing text. After selecting regions deemed to be highly likely of containing text, the individual characters are recognised using an open source OCR engine. The reliability of the system is improved by adding error correcting codes and by extracting the confidence of recognition of the different characters. Experiments using a code on a curved payload demonstrate the feasibility of using the system for highreliability label identification.


This paper discusses the practical use of Microsoft Project 2000 in optimizing network planning and describes the advantage of reducing a lot of complicated calculations and improving management level of construction projects.


This study suggests that, despite the decisive function of scientific risk assessment in the regulation of potentially hazardous technologies, conventional political de-cision-making prevails if in protracted risk controversies scientific consensus can-not be achieved. An examination of Austria's policy on agricultural biotechnology is presented to illustrate this point: For a number of years Austria has been up-holding national bans on various Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) even though these bans were deemed illegal by the European Commission as well as a WTO Dispute Settlement Jury. Since European and international regulations re-quire restrictions on biotech-products to be based on scientific evidence, for the longest time the dispute between Austria and the European Commission, seeking to lift the Austrian ban, consisted in the exchange of scientific opinions. When in-ternational pressure against the Austrian ban rose after a WTO judgment censuring the Austrian measure, only a political solution could bring about a (still provi-sional) settlement. The process is discussed against the backdrop of sociological debates questioning the pivotal status of science in government.


Soil preparation and management plant storage and planting staking, tying and supporting plants feeding plants watering weeds and weeding propagation pruning winter hardiness and protection planting containers and hanging baskets.


Pre-exposure prophylaxis: increasing evidence for effectiveness but should the perspective return to test and treat? Over 18 months after the pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) initiative study in MSM, two double-blind placebo controlled studies examining the effect of oral PrEP in heterosexuals—Partners PrEP study and TDF2 study—have recently been published. In both studies, couples received HIV prevention services comprising individual risk-reduction counselling, screening/treatment for STI and free condoms. In the Partners PrEP study, additional components included couple risk-reduction counselling, referral for male circumcision and postexposure prophylaxis in line with local guidance. Between July 2008 and November 2012, the Partners PrEP study randomised 4747 serodiscordant couples from Kenya and Uganda in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio to receive: (1) once daily tenofovir 300 mg (TDF); (2) once daily combination of emtricitabine 200 mg–tenofovir 300 mg (FTC–TDF); or (3) placebo. Of all the seronegative partners, 62% were male. Among those who were HIV positive, the median CD4 count was 495 cells/mm (IQR: 375–662) with a median plasma viral load of 3.9 log10 copies/ml. For inclusion, the seronegative partners were required to have normal renal function, not to be infected with hepatitis B, not be pregnant or breastfeeding. The positive partner was required not to be on antiretroviral therapy (ART) and not to meet local guidance for ART initiation. Seronegative partners had monthly follow-up involving: HIV rapid antibody testing, dispensation of 30 days of study medication, collection of previous month's unused tablets, individual adherence counselling, pregnancy test for women, assessment of risk behaviour and side effects. Biochemical and haematological tests were performed at 1 month and thereafter at 3-monthly intervals. Seronegative women who became pregnant had study medications withheld until they were no longer pregnant or breastfeeding. The positive partners were seen every 3 months. CD4 counts were assessed every 6 months and those meeting eligibility criteria for ART initiation were counselled and referred accordingly. The main outcome was seropositivity in partners who were previously seronegative. This was assessed using two rapid antibody tests run in parallel, with confirmation by enzyme immunoassay. The study was powered to detect significant changes comparing both treatment groups with the placebo arm only. In the modified intention-to-treat analysis, those retrospectively found to have been HIV infected at screening (14 individuals)—by way of HIV viral load testing on screening samples—were excluded in the analysis. Two of these undiagnosed HIV-infected individuals were found to have developed K65R (one patient in TDF arm) and M184V (one patient in FTC–TDF arm). Of the 4747 couples, 4722 couples were followed up for at least one postrandomisation test for a total of 7830 years of follow-up with follow-up rates being similar across all the three groups. Following randomisation, of the 82 new HIV infections, 17 were receiving TDF, 13 were receiving FTC–TDF and 52 were receiving placebo. This bestowed relative risk reductions of 67% (95% CI 44 to 81%; p<0.001) in the TDF arm and 75% (95% CI 55 to 87%; p<0.001) in the FTC–TDF arm compared with placebo. No significant difference was observed according to gender but risk reduction was greater comparing detectable tenofovir levels with undetectable levels. In terms of the number of seropositive partners commencing ART, the overall proportion was 21% with no significant difference between the groups. In terms of safety, no significant differences were observed between the treatment arms versus placebo for the number of deaths, serious adverse events, serum creatine and phosphate abnormalities. In the TDF2 study, 1219 participants (45.7% women) underwent 1 : 1 randomisation to receive oral FTC–TDF once daily or matching placebo. By study termination, 1072 (89.3%) individuals had completed study exit procedures and contributed towards 1563 years of follow-up (median 1.1 years; maximum 3.7 years). The study was terminated early due to low retention rates, owing to relocation for work/schooling or repeatedly missed study appointments, which were similar for both groups. Risk factors, including the number of lifetime partners, number of sexual partners in the preceding month, sex with a known HIV-infected person and number of STI were similar across both groups. Of the 33 infected with HIV postrandomisation, nine occurred in the FTC– TDF arm and 24 in the placebo arm resulting in a relative risk reduction of 62.2% (95% CI 21.5 to 83.4; p=0.03) for modified intention-to-treat analysis comprising 1216 participants. One person in the treatment arm who had not been diagnosed with HIV infection during screening developed high levels of NRTI resistance (K65R, M184V and A62V). One person in the placebo arm was detected to have K65R at low levels. In terms of safety, nausea, vomiting and dizziness were significantly more frequent in the treatment arm although they did lessen after the first month. There was no difference in the number of serious clinical adverse events (10.3% FTC–TDF vs 10.9% placebo; p=0.9). In a substudy (n=109 FTC–TDF arm, n=112 placebo arm), bone mineral density Tand z scores were significantly lower at the forearm, hip and lumbar spine in the treatment arm. However, this was not associated with an increased number of fractures during this relatively short follow-up period. In conclusion, there is increasing evidence that PrEP confers significant additional risk reduction of HIV acquisition when used alongside a comprehensive risk-reduction programme. However, on the other side of the coin, the HPTN 052 study demonstrated that no linked transmissions occurred in participants whose HIV-infected partners were fully virologically suppressed. To date, no study has reported a head-to-head comparison of


Hemingway was deeply ironed by time background and war experience,which was the origin of his works' tragic theme.As the representative of"Lost Generation",he expressed the tragic ideas in all his works as follows:Human beings is helpless while fighting against the nature and destine.From Henry-the sober-minded pain,Jordon-a braver's puzzle,to Santiago-winners take nothing,the tragic theme developed in several processes.But all of them indicated Hemingway's tragic outlook on life:Life is a lonely war,and it is also a fruitless war.


Sulfide in tannery effluent is rather poisonous to microorganisms, therefore it can bring harmful effect to treatment system It is difficult to deal with tannery effluent to comply with the relevant discharge standard The biological toxicity of sulfide is studied in this paper, and we have got the concentration of S 2- critical value which can arouse bioloical poison The study fills up the blank of biological toxicity of sulfide in China It has been applied in a demonstration project,getting good results The study lays the foundations of the development of technology in tannery effluent treatment


We present re-trainable procedural level generation via machine learning (RT-PLGML), a game mechanic of providing in-game training examples for a PLGML system. We discuss opportunities and challenges, along with concept RT-PLGML games.


Tamoxifen will continue to be an important drug for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer despite results suggesting that aromatase inhibitors will play an increasing role in the treatment of breast cancer for postmenopausal women (1–4). With more drugs available to treat patients with breast cancer, it is clear that patients would benefit from information that would allow their health care providers to individualize therapy. However, designing individualized therapies is complicated because for many drugs, including tamoxifen, the efficacies and toxicities differ among patients. The reasons for many of the interindividual differences are unknown. Despite its proven benefit, tamoxifen is known to have adverse side effects, including increased risks of endometrial cancer and vascular-related thrombotic events (i.e., stroke, venous thrombosis, and pulmonary emboli), as well as non–lifethreatening side effects that can reduce quality of life and can affect patient compliance. Hot flashes, the most common side effect of tamoxifen, occur in up to 80% of women receiving tamoxifen (5), and the occurrence of hot flashes can result in patient noncompliance (6,7). Although hormone replacement therapy is the most effective treatment for reducing hot flashes, its use in women with a history of breast cancer is generally not recommended because of a concern that pharmacologic doses of hormones could promote growth of subclinical breast cancer metastases. Consequently, a search for other therapies for the treatment of hot flash symptoms has been undertaken. The newer antidepressant drugs, such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), are some of the most promising nonhormonal therapies for the treatment of hot flashes. In separate, placebo-controlled, randomized trials, administration of venlafaxine, paroxetine, or fluoxetine to women with vasomotor symptoms resulted in an approximately 60% reduction in the number and severity of hot flashes, compared with a 20%–30% reduction after administration of a placebo (8–10). Pilot studies (11,12)have suggested that the therapeutic effects seen with these three antidepressants are also observed with other similar drugs, such as citalopram and mirtazapine. In this issue of the Journal, Stearns et al. (13) have provided substantial insight into the metabolism and pharmacogenetics of tamoxifen and have identified a potentially important interaction between paroxetine and tamoxifen. Their initial hypothesis was based on the fact that newer antidepressants (e.g., venlafaxine, fluoxetine, and paroxetine) studied for the treatment of hot flashes are all metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and are potent inhibitors of this enzyme (14,15). Because several studies (16–18)suggest that the CYP2D6 enzyme plays a crucial role in the catalysis of tamoxifen to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, Stearns et al. (13) hypothesized that coadministration of paroxetine with tamoxifen could inhibit the metabolic activation of tamoxifen to 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, a metabolite approximately 100-fold more potent as an antiestrogen than tamoxifen (19,20). Stearns et al. (13) found that paroxetine does indeed perturb the activation of tamoxifen, although surprisingly, not by inhibiting the formation of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. They demonstrated that, instead, paroxetine statistically significantly reduced the concentrations of 4-hydroxy-N-desmethyl-tamoxifen (which they referred to as endoxifen), a metabolite resulting from CYP2D6-mediated hydroxylation of N-desmethyl-tamoxifen. It is important to note that they also showed that endoxifen suppressed estradiol-stimulated MCF7 proliferation, with potency comparable to that of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. Because baseline steady-state levels of endoxifen were present at concentrations much higher than that of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, endoxifen may be even more important than 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen in mediating the anticancer effects of tamoxifen. Previously, it has been surmised that individuals carrying genetic variants associated with low or absent CYP2D6 activity and who are treated with tamoxifen would form little or no 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen (18). Consequently, in these individuals, administration of tamoxifen might result in diminished therapeutic efficacy and/or potential differences in toxicity relative to individuals with wild-type CYP2D6 activity. Unexpectedly, Stearns et al. (13) found that the presence, or absence, of CYP2D6 genetic variants did not affect 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen levels but, rather, were associated with differences in plasma levels of endoxifen. By demonstrating that quinidine, a potent inhibitor of CYP2D6, inhibited the hydroxylation of N-desmethyl-tamoxifen, with a consequent decrease in endoxifen, CYP2D6 was identified as the enzyme isoform responsible for this metabolic step. Although these findings appear to have increased our understanding of tamoxifen metabolism, the clinical implications of reduced levels of endoxifen (either secondary to pharmacogenetic variations in CYP2D6 activity or drug-induced inhibition of CYP2D6) are unclear. Because the newer antidepressants studied for the treatment of hot flashes (venlafaxine, fluoxetine, and paroxetine) have differing levels of CYP2D6 inhibition, the pharmacokinetic interaction between tamoxifen and these antidepressants needs to be studied. For example, in vitro data suggest that venlafaxine is a much weaker inhibitor of CYP2D6 than fluoxetine (21), whereas mirtazapine reportedly does not inhibit CYP2D6 (22). In the interim, we fully concur with the


In this symposium, I argue that the use of home language needs to be viewed as a valuable resource for teachers in Indigenous schools in the Kimberley region of Western Australia. For students to be able to negotiate meaning and mathematical concepts in Kriol can help facilitate their mathematical learning as well as demonstrate an explicit valuing of indigenous cultures and heritage. The continual underachievement of Indigenous students in this country has been well documented (MCEETYA, 2006). As a part of an overall reform pedagogy to address the poor performance of Indigenous students' outcomes in mathematics in the Kimberley region in Western Australia (Zevenbergen & Niesche, 2008), this paper examines the issue of home language use in the classroom. The issue of language in the classroom has long been recognised as an important one in Indigenous education in Australia (Malcolm, Kessaris & Hunter, 2003). With the use of Standard Australian English (SAE) as the dominant mode of communication in the classroom, this places those students who speak English as a second language, including Indigenous students who speak Kriol or Aboriginal English, in the difficult position of having to 'catch up' with those students who have grown up only knowing English. When Aboriginal students from regions such as the Kimberley come to the classroom, they come equipped with a language and form of communication that is based on an Indigenous world view (Christie, 1985) with particular cultural histories and ways of being. Harris (1984) has argued that the Aboriginal public speaking 'rule' of the right for speakers to speak and the right of listeners not to listen, coupled with the increased level of movement and physical activity within the classroom places these students at odds with the mainstream way of 'doing' school. Walsh (1997) also claims that communication in Aboriginal society is largely communal rather than the more dyadic and contained interaction of non-Aboriginal groups. While such differences need to be recognised, it is equally important that such cultural aspects are valued in both rhetoric and in practice. The aim of this paper is to therefore argue for the use of students' home language within the mathematics classroom to negotiate meaning and to place an important emphasis on valuing their cultural heritage. This latter point is particularly important with the loss of large numbers of Indigenous languages throughout this country. It is important for these communities' cultures to be acknowledged and preserved. The use and encouragement of students to use their home languages can also be a powerful resource for teaching and learning. Such a model moves away from deficit discourses that have so plagued Indigenous education in this country to one of viewing such a cultural heritage as a valuable resource. Languages in the Kimberley There are a large number of diverse languages in the Kimberley region. However, the relatively small group of speakers means that many of these languages are under threat (Berry & Hudson, 1997). Languages spoken in the Kimberley are both a Kriol and Aboriginal English (AE) which adds to the complexity for classroom teachers. The difference between these two terms is the extent to which the language is influenced by English. However, both terms are often used interchangeably. Kriol is largely a mixture of


A superconducting final focusing system for the KEKB B-Factory was constructed and has been operating since 1998. It consists of two solenoid field compensation magnets, two final focusing quadrupole magnets, and three kinds of correction coils (normal and skew dipoles, and skew quadrupole). The system has been operating without any serious problems and its total operating time has reached 17,000 hours. This paper describes the details of the system and operating experiences gathered during the long-term operation.