Significance Electron bifurcation is an efficient and reversible redox reaction at the heart of key bioenergetic and biocatalytic reaction pathways used in nature. Electron bifurcation oxidizes a two-electron donor, using the electrons to reduce cofactors on two separate electron-transfer redox chains. The coupling of these redox reactions allows one of the electrons to move thermodynamically uphill, leveraging the downhill flow of the other electron. Thus, electron bifurcation may generate strong oxidants or reductants with minimal free-energy loss (i.e., reversibly). Not surprisingly, life harnesses electron bifurcation in biochemical pathways that perform challenging chemical reactions, including proton translocation across membranes, nitrogen fixation, and CO2 reduction. We predict that there is one universal free-energy landscape that supports efficient electron bifurcation reactions. For decades, it was unknown how electron-bifurcating systems in nature prevented energy-wasting short-circuiting reactions that have large driving forces, so synthetic electron-bifurcating molecular machines could not be designed and built. The underpinning free-energy landscapes for electron bifurcation were also enigmatic. We predict that a simple and universal free-energy landscape enables electron bifurcation, and we show that it enables high-efficiency bifurcation with limited short-circuiting (the EB scheme). The landscape relies on steep free-energy slopes in the two redox branches to insulate against short-circuiting using an electron occupancy blockade effect, without relying on nuanced changes in the microscopic rate constants for the short-circuiting reactions. The EB scheme thus unifies a body of observations on biological catalysis and energy conversion, and the scheme provides a blueprint to guide future campaigns to establish synthetic electron bifurcation machines.


Ferrocene derivatives bearing π‐acceptor substituents in 1‐ or 1,1′‐positions such as carbonyl group(s) (1, 2), a sulfinyl group (4) or boryl group(s) (5, 6, 9) and related [3]ferrocenophanes (3, 7, 10, 12, 13) and a [4]ferrocenophane (8) were studied by 57Fe NMR spectroscopy. The deshielding effect of the respective π‐acceptor substituent can be partially or fully compensated by distortion of the ferrocene geometry. Both aspects become apparent by comparing δ57Fe data of the [n]ferrocenophanes with those of related non‐cyclic derivatives. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In this study of ours, 36 compound fractures of the low<er extremity caused by gunshot which have been admitted to the Clinic of Orthopaedic and Traumatology in the Medical Faculty of the Diyarbakir University during 1972-1977 and on which osteosynthesis have been performed have been reviewed and their therapeutical results discussed. The causative factors of the complications have been stressed upon, and osteosynthesis has been conduded to be performed on the selected cases.


Variable inertial fields are an efficient way to control the behaviour of hydrodynamic systems. Forces of inertia can be used, for example, to stabilize or destabilize systems with an interface or density gradient, to mix multiphase or non-isothermal fluids. The implementation of this approach means that liquids fill the periodically moving containers. In this paper, the situations are considered when the containers perform either rotation or translational vibrations. Methods for measuring the density and velocity fields of convective flows in reacting hydrodynamic systems are described. Interferometry is used to visualize the density distribution. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to study the structure and velocity of the flows. Optical instruments are installed stationary in the laboratory system. For video recording, a camera shutter is synchronized with the motion of a container, and thus the images are captured in a fixed phase of oscillations or rotation. Constructions of the containers make it possible to illuminate the working volume through transparent walls at different angles or in different planes. They also provide a compensation for the centrifugal pressure and allow interference cells to be used in overload conditions. The successful application of the methods in experimental studies of chemo-hydrodynamic processes is demonstrated.


Thermoanalytical study of the pesticide 3-amino-l,2,4-triazole (ATA) has been carried out, using simultaneous DTA-TG in nitrogen flow, in order to know its thermal behaviour and stability. These techniques have been further complemented using evolved gas analysis and mass spectroscopy (EGA-MS). Two different stages of ATA decomposition were observed: after the first decomposition step, a mixture of compounds is obtained, according to MS data, being the principal component a compound of molecular weight 126. It is formed by a first order reaction mechanism, aceordin~ to the kinetic study, with Ea= 124+8 kJ.mol -~. The second decomposition step takes place about 735~ with evolution of HCN and NH3, being the final weight loss 96%.


The preparation method of water lustering oil for paper is characterized by that using acrylic series monomer or unsaturated monomer, using acrylic resin with high acid value and low molecular weightas dispersion resin, using anionic and non-ionic two-in-one surfactant as emulsifier, using persulfate as initiator, under the condition of 60-90 deg.C, makes them produce free radical emulsion copolymerization. Then the prepared wax emulsion and small quantity of film-forming adjuvant and other adjuvants is added in the process, then ammonia water is utilized to make neutralization and filtration so as to obtain the invented lustering oil. Said invented product possesses small toxicity and smell, small environmental pollution, high glossiness, good abrasion performance, water-proofing property and stability and storage property, can be extensively used for fine decoration of various paper packages.


We investigated the effect of linewidth fluctuations and sidewall roughness on wavelength spectra in scatterometry using rigorous coupled wave analysis. For both cases the influence of mean values and fluctuations can be separated.


The utility model relates to a four-quadrant coarse adjustment sunlight sensor comprising a coarse adjustment crisscross zigzag slot strip and a black visor; a photosensitive resistance element with good linearity is arranged on each side of the coarse adjustment crisscross zigzag slot strip; a sensor detector control circuit module is adopted to amplify and compare signals acquired by the photosensitive elements of the four-quadrant coarse adjustment sunlight sensor; the sensor detection control circuit module comprises a signal amplifying circuit and a precise active absolute value circuit; and the four-quadrant coarse adjustment sunlight sensor determines the approximate direction of the sunlight, so that the realization of a high-precision solar tracking system is ensured, and a solar panel obtains the maximum light intensity.


This chapter provides an up-to-date view of the relationship between the international law governing foreign investment and environmental protection, covering developments until August 2015. The analysis is based among others on a dataset of 114 investment cases with environmental components compiled by the author. The chapter describes three main trends: (i) the increasing role of private investment in sustainable development instruments, particularly the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, (ii) the increasing reference to environmental considerations in IIAs, particularly FTAs, and mega-regional agreements, and (iii) the surge in investment disputes with environmental components in the last four years. It then turns to the legal analysis of several recent cases, including Unglaube v. Costa Rica, Clayton and Bilcon v Canada, Spence v. Costa Rica, Mesa v. Canada and Perenco v. Ecuador. The main conclusion is that environmental considerations are increasingly normalised or mainstreamed in the reasoning of investment tribunals, which in turn requires a full integration of environmental law in transactional, pre-litigation and litigation practice relating to foreign investment law.


Scholars have long examined the relationship between natural resources and conflict at the country level. More recently, researchers have turned to subnational analyses, using either individual countries or subnational data for a small number of resources in sub-Saharan Africa. We introduce a new sub-national dataset of 197 resources that adds many resource types, locations, and countries from Africa, the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, and Europe. To demonstrate the value of the new dataset, we examine how conflict incidence varies with the value of the collective set of resources in a given location using world prices. We then introduce new country-specific price data, which are more relevant for conflict dynamics. Since country-specific prices can be endogenous to conflict, we instrument country-specific prices using U.S. and world prices. We find that sub-national resource wealth is associated with higher levels of conflict using some specifications, though the results vary widely by data source and world region. Using an instrumental variables strategy lends the strongest support to this positive relationship, but only for African countries. Notably, across all of our models, we find that resources are negatively associated with conflict in Latin America, suggesting heterogeneity of effects worth future exploration.


This investigation was designed to reevaluate the presently accepted mechanism of "nicotine reversal" in dogs subjected to alpha adrenergic blockade. For this reason, the induction of nicotine reversal in adrenalectomized, phenoxybenzamine-treated animals was attempted and several cardiovascular parameters were measured. The study has produced evidence showing that in adrenalectomized animals: (1) nicotine reversal still occurs after phenoxybenzamine; (2) the mechanism responsible for this nicotine reversal is adrenergic, and, importantly, the response is mediated primarily through the release of endogenous norepinephrine. Furthermore, when exogenous norepinephrine was administered i.v. to animals previously subjected to alpha adrenergic blockade, an appreciable decrease in systemic blood pressure occurred. These findings suggest that the concept pertaining to the mechanism of nicotine reversal in intact dogs should be revised. While nicotine-released adrenal epinephrine is known to contribute significantly to the reversal of blood pressure in phenoxybenzainine-treated dogs, nicotine-released norepinephrine also adds materially to this fall.


This thesis is a piece of comparative research assessing the extent to which restorative justice may be said to resonate particularly with certain cultures. It focuses on two jurisdictions within which restorative justice features strongly, particularly in the youth justice context: New Zealand and Northern Ireland. The thesis will discuss the ways in which restorative justice has evolved over the years, from its earliest roots of community-based dispute resolution through to current practices of youth conferencing. It examines how effectively contemporary restorative justice practices have been integrated into the respective justice systems of these nations, and the factors which may have influenced this level of success. The cultural heritage of New Zealand and the unique social and political features within Northern Ireland are suggested as possible dynamics affecting the successful integration of restorative justice.


U NIVERSITIES and colleges, especially those supported by public funds, are occasionally criticized on the score of having too many courses of instruction. It is claimed by some that we offer too many "frills," too many courses with small registrations, and too many which overlap in content. The person making such a criticism may possibly have gained his impression by the thickness of the official catalogue. Perhaps he has no familiarity either with the varieties of educational objectives of the institution or with the number and quality of students enrolled in the courses offered. Perhaps he is the type of individual who regards "bigness" per se as something to be feared, to be attacked, and as antagonistic toward his concept of education in a democratic society. Unsupportable by evidence though many such charges may be, it must be accepted as a fact that this critical attitude is one that university officials are called upon to deal with frequently, and it would seem appropriate at this point for each university to examine rather completely its procedure in adopting new courses and curriculums. At present many institutions are experiencing the heaviest enrollments since their foundings; many have inadequate teaching staffs with greatly curtailed course programs. The urge is already felt to introduce new courses and to reinstate certain other courses which, for financial reasons, were withdrawn a few years ago. If we are now at the threshold of a period of course expansion or drastic course revision, it might be profitable to review our experiences during the recent past with the procedure now in effect. If we trace the growth and expansion of our programs during the past fifteen or twenty years, we are forced to concede that the conditions under which this growth took place were, to a certain extent at least, beyond the control of university faculties. Constant pressure was exerted on universities from without for more courses and curriculums and for a greater emphasis on the professional and vocational aspects of university training. Industry demanded graduates with certain skills and techniques and, in response, courses in business administration were introduced. The public schools set higher requirements for teachers of the elementary and secondary schools and the cur-


Providing taxpayers with compliance with tax obligations is the challenge of tax administrations. To this end, great efforts are made to prevent taxpayers from incurring additional costs in the fulfillment of their obligations, which certainly facilitates compliance voluntary and timely manner.
The strategies applied to reduce compliance costs should be based on a knowledge of both the tax obligations and the costs involved in the tax transaction (internal and external). This will reduce the indirect tax pressure, improve the tax system and focus on simplification.
Sometimes taxpayers in pursuit of a timely manner, use intermediaries (external consultancies), making the development of economic activity more costly and limiting its growth somewhat, generating uncertainty that sometimes becomes informality.
The Ecuadorian Tax Administration has efficiently strengthened the use of electronic means in order to drastically reduce the cost of compliance, but there are still small details to improve in the tax management process and application of the powers that have been granted by law assigned, resulting in a taxpayer compliance cost.
In short, the basic purpose of this work is to identify the costs and times of compliance of the various tax obligations that allow to generate strategies that facilitate compliance and consequently promote competitiveness.


Oil rape,especially directly planted rape is easily subjected to low temperature stress and the normal growth is influenced during the seedling stage.So it is important to enhance the ability of freezing tolerance of rape.6-BA and PP333 were used in this experiment to study the effects of different concentrations of the two plant growth regulators on the growth and ability of freezing tolerance of rape seedling planted in pots under an open wire cage.The results showed that the weight of single plant was increased,while relative conductance ratio and exudation ratio of amino acid in detached leaf were decreased with increasing the concentrations of 6-BA and PP333 to a certain extent.Activities of SOD,CAT and POD in leaf and root activity all changed in patterns of single-peak curve as responded to increasing 6-BA and PP333 concentrations, and reached maximum values at the concentration of 50 mg·L-1.It showed that 6-BA and PP333 treatment could increase activities of anti-oxidative protective enzymes,decrease the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation in leaf and improve root activity.So the ability of freezing tolerance of rape was improved,and the appropriate concentration were about 50 mg·L-1.


Introduction: The use of bystander CPR has demonstrated improved survival in patients with sudden, out of hospital cardiac arrest. Hands-Only™ (chest compression only) CPR is now endorsed by the AH...


. The Purpose. The article deals with the problem of illegal marriages among the Ukrainian Orthodox population of the XVIIIth ‒ the first half of the ХІХth centuries. The Scientific Novelty. The study of the common people family life in the context of various directions of a historical anthropology has determined the topicality, the scientific novelty of the issue under analysis and the need to study a significant array of sources of an administrative, procedural and legal direction, especially, the ego-documents from seven state archives. The Methodology of the Research. The research objectives were solved at the sensory and rational levels of cognition, but with the use of the general scientific (analysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretization, verification, etc.), special historical methods – prosopographic, a critical analysis and sources deconstruction and the principle of objectivity. The Conclusions. The marriages of persons of both sexes were considered invalid: if concluded between one or both mentally disabled brides; not divorced but remarried; divorced, when one representative of the couple did not have a permission for a new marriage and violated this requirement. The factors that caused a disorderly marital mobility and illegal marriages have been determined ‒ the restrictions on divorce rights, an uncontrolled mobility of the population, the lack of an effective institution of a passport control, church ceremony weddings of brides not in their native parishes, a long-term absence of one marital partner, documents falsification, giving false information by witnesses, etc. It has been determined that violation of matrimonial requirements could give rise to a special type of adultery ‒ bigamy (polygamy (polygyny) and polygamy (polyandry)). According to a civil law, an invalid marriage was terminated and the bigamist had to return to his legal spouse. In the case of divorce – the victim had the right to form a new family union, and the bigamist as a violator was doomed to celibacy. Soldiers' wives had a special status: the divorce process had certain restrictions. Since 1812,


An « angioblastic » adamantinoma of the tibia is described in a 78-year-old man. The diagnosis was defined by immunohistochemical methods, which showed a positivity for keratin in the cells lining spaces with a vascular appearance.


The invention provides a method and device for cross-cluster load balancing. According to the character that the controlling plane and the forwarding plane in the SDN network are separated, adjustment and calculation of the load balancing of the whole network are handed to an SDN controlling plane to be processed. When the access flow to a certain cluster application service of users in the network is too large, the access flow load to the cluster of the users is balanced to other clusters to be processed in time through the SDN controlling plane. Thus, by means of the method and device, the problem that in the prior art, cross-cluster load balancing cannot be carried out can be solved very well.


The mobile machines for motion in the thin pipes (less than 40 mm) represent today suitable area of research. Their utilization is oriented on detection of defects on inner pipe surface, repair of localized defects, monitoring and maintenance of pipes and last but not least their utilization is oriented on ability drawing new cables into old and already unused pipe systems. Utilization of motion principles by means of classic wheel and crawling traction for design of in-pipe minimachine is dimensionally limited. In the view of this reason for positioning and motion are used bristles in form of flexible beams which are orientated under precise angle towards pipe surface and they use difference friction. At the minimachines realization are used actuators that are designed and manufactured with different approach because efficiency of energic fields which generating forces that are need for initiation of minimachine in motion decreases with dimensions [1], [2], [3]. In-pipe minimachine, that will be analysed in next, is designed to motion in straight pipe with 40mm inner diameter in view of possibility its another extension by the monitoring system in form of CCD cameras or surface defects sensor.


This study aims to determine the effect of the comparison of citric acid-tartaric acid on the characteristics of effervescent powder of pulai leaves (alstonia scholaris). This research was conducted using a completely randomized design (crd). Each treatment was repeated 4 times to obtain 20 units of trial. The ratio of citric acid-tartaric acid significantly affected organoleptic properties of effervescent effect, sparkle effect, and overall acceptance. The results showed that the comparison of citric acid-tartaric acid 1:2 treatment yielded the best treatment with effervescent effect 4.56 (gas formed), sparkle 3,84 (somewhat soda effect), color 3.20 (somewhat like), overall acceptance of 3.12 (somewhat like), and plural comparisons of 4.08 (as good as the R)


This paper describes the research developed to evaluate the performance of stabilised residual granitic soil from the north region of Portugal. It is part of a research project designed to investigate the possibility of using this soil for rammed earth construction. Since its reduced plasticity makes the use of lime less effective, and the increasing environmental concerns with cement production can no longer be ignored, the study was focused on binders made from alkaline activation of low calcium fly ash. Therefore, the aim of this work was to determine, through a parametric analysis using laboratory tests, the optimum fly ash – based alkaline activated binder for improving granitic soil, in terms of mechanical strength. Identification of the key parameters allowed the characterisation of the most effective mixtures, which will be later used in the construction of large rammed earth wall panels that will be tested according to proper specifications.


If pandemics kill humans and spread too quickly, misinformation is another scourge that puts people in danger. Health is what a person needs the most in the world to strive for great wealth and a bright future. The novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) outbreak has threatened massively human health in the 21 century (precisely in 2020). The spreading of COVID-19 pandemic press specialists to do more efforts to find a cure. The same reason makes people perform billions of queries on search engines and social networks about comprehending the origin of the virus, the spread mechanisms and existent cures. The virus that causes the pandemic is the new Coronavirus appeared in a unique market in Wuhan, in China in December 2019. This new Coronavirus is named coronavirus (COVID-19). Throughout the ages, mankind has experienced many epidemics, but the distinction of the 21 century is technology development. The spread of misinformation is faster than that of the pandemic. With the advent of big data, we can analyze the huge information shared in a second in social networks and it contains millions of misinformation. In this current, we analyze the belief frequency of misinformation in three languages, English, French and Arabic shared on Twitter users' timelines. Misinformation urges people against vaccination in different ways;many people are spreading misinformation to be famous or make money through views and sharing. Scientists and Journalists are concerned to reduce the likelihood of susceptibility to misinformation by complying with WHO guidance measures in social networks. © 2022 International Information and Engineering Technology Association. All rights reserved.


IWith the theories of the management entropy and dissipative theory introduced to the enterprise human resource management system,the decision-making in transformation of enterprise human resources is a constant entropy improvement process,and environmental information exchange increases the orderliness of the enterprise human resources management system,thus the management efficiency is improved.On this basis,the enterprise human resources management entropy model is built and an empirical research of Xiamen International Bank Fuzhou branch is conducted on the management entropy improvement principle,providing a basis for the decision-making in transformation of enterprise human resources.


I n this essay I will explore personality transformation in the confrontation with death. This transformation may occur in consequence of realizing the finality of life, an inability to mourn, or the impact of this confrontation on the superego. I will examine the ensuing deor reformation the superego may undergo under the threat of death and the effect of these processes on the whole personality. To illustrate the process of superego deformation under the threat of death, I will analyze the personality of Walter White, protagonist of the critically acclaimed American television drama series Breaking Bad (2008–2013). I will then analyze the reformation of the superego when confronted with a near-death experience in the story of Ivan Andreich Laevsky, protagonist of Anton Chekhov's novella The Duel (1891), a screen adaptation of which appeared in 2010.1 I will compare and contrast how each of these protagonists reacts to the confrontation with death. I will explore their inability to mourn, their fear of death, and their use of manic defenses to counter their depressive anxiety, as well as the phenomenon of character growth in extreme personal crises. 543830 APAXXX10.1177/0003065114543830Book essayTransformation of Personality research-article2014


Large Plum', a tomato cultivar carrying a wilty mutation (LP-wilty), was characterized genetically, physiologically, and anatomically. Inheritance, complementation, and mapping studies of LP-wilty were performed. The mutation was found to be inherited as a single dominant gene, distinct from other wilty alleles, and was mapped to the long arm of chromosome six. Measurements were taken of stomatal conductance, root conductance, shoot water potential, and leaf water potential for 'Large Plum' and normal plants. Results suggest that both stomatal conductance and root conductance rates are reduced in the wilty mutants. In addition, shoot and leaf water potentials are more negative in 'Large Plum' than in normal plants, indicating greater water deficit stress. All of these physiological tendencies are inherited in wilty F$\sb1$ plants derived from crosses between 'Large Plum' and 'Nova', a normal cultivar. Anatomical comparisons were made between 'Large Plum' and 'Nova'. 'Large Plum' was found to have a reduced leaf hair density, abnormal root hairs, reduced leaf thickness, and altered relative volumes of cell types and air space within the leaf. All of these physical features were associated with wilting in F$\sb1$ and/or F$\sb2$ generations from crosses between 'Large Plum' and 'Nova'.


Mathematical inductive reasoning ability is one of the higher-order thinking skills that students must have. Mathematical inductive reasoning includes the process of drawing to conclude, estimating answers or solutions, and providing explanations of existing models, facts, properties, relationships, or patterns. This research aims to analyze mathematical inductive reasoning ability between students who received a reflective learning model and those who received conventional learning. The research was conducted at one of the senior high school in Tangerang Selatan. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method with Randomized Subjects Post-test Only Control Group Design. The instrument used was a mathematical inductive reasoning ability test. The research results based on the analysis using t-test showed that the students' mathematical inductive reasoning ability who are taught by reflective learning model higher than students taught by the conventional model. This matter visible from the mean score of the results tests students' mathematical inductive reasoning who taught with reflective learning model is 75,50 and who taught with a conventional model is 67,68. In conclusion, this research results that mathematics learning with a reflective learning model can improve the students' mathematical inductive reasoning ability better than using conventional learning models.


Abstract Citadelle Bridge, built for pedestrian and tramway traffic, is formed from a very slender steel box deck of 14 m width and 163 m length, supported by 30 locked coil rope cables and hung from a single semicircular arc. The arch of 180 m chord length diagonally spans the deck and is formed from a variable rhomboid steel box. The dimensions of the arch vary from 5 m width and 2.5 m depth at the crown to 2.5 m width and 5 m depth at the springings. The arch and abutments of the deck are founded on granular soil using deep foundations (barrettes) and one of the two abutments is equipped with a preloaded spring damper for seismic isolation. This paper presents the context of the project, the conceptual design process, a general description of the structure and its foundations and the final choices made for the methods chosen to construct the bridge.


This study was dedicated to the blown film extrusion of poly(lactic acid), which mainly presents poor shear and elongation viscosities, and its blends. In order to enhance its melt strength, two main routes were selected (i) a structural modification through chain extension and branching mechanisms by adding a reactive multifunctional epoxide (named Joncryl) and (ii) blending with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephtalate), named PBAT in presence (or not) of Joncryl. The effects of the reactive agent on the shear and elongation rheology, morphological, and interfacial properties of the blends were systematically investigated. A decrease of the interfacial tension has been also demonstrated according to the deformed drop retraction method (DDRM). Hence, the role of Joncryl as a compatibilizer was highlighted. Consequently, finer morphology of the dispersed phase was obtained. Furthermore, the impact of the two modification routes on the blown film extrusion ability of PLA has been studied. Based on the improved shear and elongational rheological properties, a great enlargement of the blowing processing window of PLA modified with Joncryl was demonstrated. Indeed, with the addition of Joncryl into


International Labour Organisation (ILO) at its Asian Regional Conference, defined Labour Welfare as a term which is to include such services, facilities and amenities as may be established in or in the vicinity of undertakings to enable the persons employed in them to perform their work in healthy, congenial surroundings and to provide them with amenities conducive to good health and high morale. The objectives of the study are; to examine the socio-economic condition of workers in selected industries in Goa, to analyse the Labour welfare and social security measures in Selected Industries in Goa. The Hypotheses of the study are; there is no significantant difference between labour welfare facilities and Selected Industries in Goa and there is a significant difference between social security measures and Selected Industries in Goa. It is based on primary data only. The primary data was collected based on Interview Schedule method and a sample size of 204 Workers. The present study is based on Stratified Random Sampling Method. The study period is June 2022. The Statistical tools used in the study are Percentage and Non-Parametric Test i.e. Kruskal-Wallis Test. The study proved that Labour Welfare facilities and Social Security Measures to the workers in Selected Industries in Goa was found satisfactory. If the workers in industries are satisfied with the Labour Welfare facilities and Social Security Measures then there will be no industrial Disputes in the Industries and also harmonious relations between workers and the management. It not only increases productivity but it may add to satisfaction with the industry and cut down labour turnover.


The impact of national cultural differences on overseas travel behavior was the focus of this study. Drawing from a sample composed of 302 U.S. residents traveling abroad for the first time for leisure related purposes, this study tested two competing propositions that not only took into account the cultural orientation of the visitor's home country but also that of the host culture. Though cultural distance as measured proved only moderately effective in explaining behavior, the research put forth several tenets and measurement strategies that are arguably more reflective as to what consumers take into account when planning international trips. Implications for future research are discussed.


26 Lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) based regimen is recommended during pregnancy to reduce the 27 risk of HIV mother-to-child transmission, but the appropriate dose is controversial. We 28 compared the pharmacokinetics of standard and increased LPV/r doses during pregnancy. 29 This randomized, open-label prospective study enrolled 60 HIV-infected pregnant women 30 between gestational weeks 14 and 30. Participants received either the standard (400/100 mg 31 BID) or increased dose (600/150 mg BID) of LPV/r tablets during pregnancy and the 32 standard dose for six weeks after childbirth. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using a 33 high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Adherent 34 participants who received the standard dose presented minimum LPV concentrations of 4.4, 35 4.3 and 6.1μg/mL in the second and the third trimesters and postpartum, respectively. The 36 increased dose group exhibited values of 7.9, 6.9 and 9.2 μg/mL at the same timepoints. 37 Although LPV exposure was significantly higher in the increased dose group, the standard 38 dose produced therapeutic levels of LPV against wild-type virus in all adherent participants, 39 except one patient in the third trimester; 50%, 37.5%, 25% and 0%, 15%, 0% of the 40 participants in the standard and increased dose groups, respectively, failed to achieve 41 therapeutic levels against resistant viruses during the second and third trimesters and after 42 childbirth. After 12 weeks of treatment and after childbirth, all adherent participants achieved 43 undetectable HIV viral loads, and their babies (49/54) were uninfected. No serious drug44 related adverse events were observed. We conclude that the standard dose is appropriate for 45 use during pregnancy and an increased dose may be necessary for women harboring resistant 46 HIV (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00605098). 47


Emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene in the presence of β-hydroxy propyl acrylate was studied. Monomer conversion is higher than 90% when [St], [β-HPA], [KPS] is 2. 66, 0. 228, and 5. 8×10-3 mol/L respectively under 80℃ for 5 h. The mono-dispersed latex particle diameter and colloidal particle concentration were given as D=0. 23 μm, N=3. 13× 1013/cm3 by TEM analyse. The factors of influencing latex stability were discussed. The copoly-mer was characterized by IR and dissolution experiment. The self-cross linked mechanism was also discussed. The apparent activation energy of polymerization and polymerization rate constant were obtained to be 78. 7 kJ/mol and 514. 3 L/mol · s respectively.


Thanks to the processing of archival documents, the circumstances of the establishment and functioning of the Lviv weekly «Dni», sources of funding, and the composition of its editorial board have been revealed. The idea of an «interesting word» declared by the editors has been studied in practice, and the publishing strategy for attracting the readership has been analyzed. The relevance of the topic of the article is well-founded – the weekly «Dni» has not yet been noticed by press historians as a separate object of research, although famous writers, artists and cultural figures of Galicia were involved in its appearance. The state of scientific development of the researched topic in modern journalism is highlighted.
It was noted that the editors of the magazine «Dni» did not clearly declare the purpose of the magazine and addressed it to those who rebelled against gray everyday life and wanted to get acquainted with the colorful lives of others. The most active authors of the publication have been identified, their pseudonyms and cryptonyms were named, the authorship of unsigned publications has been established, and two hitherto unknown pseudonyms have been identified.
Special emphasis has been placed on the original artistic work presented in the columns of the magazine «Dni» – these are stories and poems of young writers known in Galicia. The artistic design of the weekly has been highly appreciated.
The main topics that most often worried the magazine's authors has been highlighted, including: evaluation of literary creativity, development of theater, photographic art, and cinematography. The structure of the publication and the system of rubrics have been analyzed, and a brief overview of the contents of the weekly has been given.
Its own vision of the effectiveness of the editorial line and possible reasons for closing the journal has been offered, among which financial difficulties of the editorial office and insufficient support from readers have been mentioned. It has been emphasized that despite the short release, the magazine «Dni» is a really interesting press project, which under favorable circumstances could have greater success and present broader artistic issues in its columns.
Keywords: weekly, «Dni», editorial office, publication, pseudonym, readers.


The aim of this study was to investigate the bacterial composition of saliva from five geriatric edentulous persons wearing dentures. Significantly more (P<0.05) bacteria were recovered after anaerobic incubation (mean 8.6 × 10 8  c.f.u./ml) than after incubation in air with 30 per cent CO2 (mean 3.8 × 10 8 c.f.u./ml). Out of the 151 strains isolated as predominant bacteria, 43 (28 per cent) were obligate anaerobes and 99 (66 per cent) were facultative anaerobes. The majority of the obligate anaerobes and facultative anaerobes isolated were assigned to the genera Veillonella and Streptococcus , respectively. Strains of Candida were detected in 3/5 patients though the viable counts only corresponded to less than 0.001 percent of the total viable counts. The present study, with the adoption of efficient anaerobic isolation procedures, indicates that many obligate anaerobes can be found in the saliva of edentulous persons wearing complete dentures, and that the bacterial composition of their saliva is similar to that of denture plaque. Keywords - Anaerobes, Edentulous, Geriatric, Salivary microflora.


Vascular remodeling is associated with trans-differentiation of contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) towards a proliferating/synthetic phenotype. We have recently demonstrated (Bobe et a...


Close observation may be an appropriate alternative to completion lymph node dissection (CLND) for selected patient populations, especially those with minimal tumor burden in the sentinel lymph node (SLN). In this study, we examined the practice patterns of CLND utilization.


Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramics in special electronic devices such as structural health monitoring systems of liquid rocket engines and microvalves for space applications are subjected to cryogenic temperatures. PZT ceramics are also used in active fuel injectors under severe environments (Senousy et al. 2009a; 2009b). In the application of the PZT stack actuators to hydrogen fuel injectors, the actuators are operated under electric fields at cryogenic temperatures. Hence, it is important to understand the cryogenic electromechanical response of the PZT actuators under electric fields.


This thesis focuses on analyzing the effects of strategic advertising in a duopoly, where advertising may act as either a positive or a negative externality, with regard to the competitor's profit. It shows how advertising allows an increase in profit for both companies despite the fact that it may reallocate a portion of the market share of one company to the other. In the final part, it is shown that despite the increase in market price brought on by advertising, the amount of advertising may prove to be insufficient from the society's point of view. This statement is contradictory to the available research literature, which states that excessive advertising can only be found in cases where it leads to an increased market price.


Introduction: Oral diseases are an important public health problem due to their
significant prevalence and the physical and psychological impact of their
manifestations. The aim of this study was to estimate the global burden of oral diseases
in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from 2004 to 2006, and to identify contextual
factors and factors related to health services. Methods: Global Burden of Disease study
for dental caries, edentulism and periodontal disease according to sex and age. The
indicator used was DALY, which simultaneously measures the impact of mortality and
the impact of health problems that affect the quality of life. The Global Burden of Oral
Diseases was analysed in absolute terms and in rates per 1000 inhabitants. Procedures
were organised in a historical series and examined using a descriptive analysis. A
hierarchical model was used to study the association between contextual factors and oral
diseases. Results: An estimated 45,514 YLD were lost due to oral diseases, with a rate
of 2.4/1000 inhabitants: 18,142 YLD among men and 27,372 among women (1.9/1000
and 2.8/1000, respectively). The number of YLD lost due to dental caries was 8332,
with a rate of 0.4/1000 for both sexes and a higher frequency among persons aged ≤14
years. An estimated 33,888 YLD were lost due to edentulism, with a rate of 1.8/1000
(2.2/1000 among women). An estimated 3217 YLD were lost due to periodontal
disease, with a rate of 0.2/1000 for both sexes. An increased supply of certain outpatient
dental procedures was found in the most economically disadvantaged regions.
Socioeconomic characteristics were associated with the incidence of dental caries
treatment and with the prevalence of edentulism. Conclusions: Edentulism was the
condition that contributed the most to the Global Burden of Oral Diseases, being more
frequent in women. Higher rates of edentulism and periodontal disease were found in
persons aged 45-69 years, while dental caries were more frequent from 1-14 years. The
state of Minas Gerais is restructuring its healthcare model, including more health
actions focused on dentistry. The study found that socio-economic status and
characteristics of oral health services were associated with the incidence of dental caries
and the prevalence of edentulism. Global Burden of Disease studies represent an
important aspect of health diagnosis, integrating both fatal and non-fatal outcomes.
Furthermore, these studies provide highly relevant information for preventive and
therapeutic policy making.


This study is an analysis of the development of junior colleges in South Korea from 1963 to 1991 based on a survey of junior college presidents. It also identifies current problems facing junior colleges and future plans of junior college presidents. Chapter I states the problems and the purposes of the study. A brief background, the significance of the study, and methodology are also contained in this chapter. Chapter II contains a review of the literature. Sources related to the background of this study are somewhat limited. However, several studies are reviewed in this chapter. Chapter III describes the evolution of higher education, including modern education, Japanese colonial education, education after the liberation from Japan, effects of the Korean War, higher education reform under the military revolutionary government, 2-year colleges, 5-year higher vocational schools, professional schools and junior colleges. Chapter IV explores political, economic, and social factors influencing the establishment of the junior colleges, as well as societal obstacles to the development of junior colleges. Chapter V explores the problems facing junior colleges. Current academic facilities, including laboratories, gymnasiums, classrooms, computers, library materials, and teaching machines, are evaluated in this chapter. Chapter VI describes the junior college presidents' efforts to solve the problems. The future plans of junior college presidents are explored in this chapter. Chapter VII contains the summary, presentation of findings, conclusions, and recommendations. Recommendations for the future development of junior college education are also included.


Objective To investigate the gastroduodenal ulcer perforation and pyloric stenosis is simple and effective treatment in combination with minor surgery and trauma patients to maintain regular ulcer treatment.Methods The treatment group:36 cases of patients diagnosed with gastric ulcer perforation in the pyloric stenosis combined perforated ulcer patients with focal resection and pyloroplasty diamond,after giving omeprazole,used a dose of(20~40)mg/d,sleep the previous taking it for 6 months;combined Hp infection,while giving dno(bismuth potassium citrate)240mg,2 times a day,metronidazole 400mg,2 times a day and amoxicillin 500mg,2 times a day,orally for 4 weeks.Related to the control group were not given medication.Results 36 patients had no belching,acid regurgitation,abdominal distension,vomiting were cured,3 months to six months of conventional endoscopy,showed no recurrence of ulcer,pyloric smooth,and no ulcer symptoms during the follow-up recurrence.Treatment group the operation time,blood loss,postoperative bowel recovery time and hospitalization time was significantly less than the control group,the differences were statistically significant,all P0.01.Conclusion The diamond-shaped ulcer lesions removed after combined pyloroplasty plus regular maintenance treatment of gastric ulcer duodenal ulcer perforation and pyloric stenosis a significant effect,better than surgery alone.


In France, there is a long tradition of studies that focus on the relation between occupational groups and mortality while the relation between income and mortality has, to our knowledge, not yet been measured. In this paper we use the "Echantillon Inter Regimes des Retraites", a sample of retired people, to estimate how mortality rate is related to the amount of retirement pension. These data come from administrative registers on pensions and do not suffer from any measurement error nor from any problem of attrition. They make it possible to obtain a robust measure of differential mortality. Our results indicate that male mortality rates are significantly and negatively linked to the level of retirement pension. We estimate that the elasticity of the mortality rate to the pension is between -0.62 and -0.14 for workers between 67 and 91 year old and that the elasticity of life expectancy at age 60 to pensions is about 0.18. Results for women are found to be not significant. However our sample, which includes only people who received a pension, is not representative of the female population. In order to illustrate our results we discuss how estimates of differential mortality according to pension levels could be used for economic studies about pensions. We estimate the redistribution that is generated by differential mortality. We find that, due to differential mortality, the redistribution effect of the French pension system is reduced from a quarter to a half. We also compute how to determine pensions so that lifetime benefits are unaffected by the age at which people start receiving their pension, and show how it should be modified to account for differential mortality.


Chapter two examines the legal and constitutional arguments around the revolution. It argues that contemporaries who defended William's coming to power—although using a variety of arguments, broadly divided into 'Whig' and 'Tory'—were united in developing a 'static chronology' that effectively denied fundamentals of politics could change, and so were happy to cite precedents from long-distance periods as binding. The chapter considers the version of the 'ancient constitution' used after 1688–9, showing that it was more resistant to the possibilities of historical development than versions of the concept that had been used earlier in the seventeenth century.


Introduction ife is a gift from God for humans who could benefit from it throughout their life. The present century has witnessed a significant change in the attitude towards life. In this century, not only sustaining life as usual has not been considered good but also improving the quality of life in multiple fields considered to be a major aim in communities, and always having a good quality of life has been human desire (Mokhtari N Fax : :+98 21 82884547, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Access this article online


Restructuring in schools has become one strategy for making significant changes in education. This article takes a preliminary empirical look at role transitions and role strain resulting from restructuring initiatives in schools in four districts. General support was found for role transition theory. The interview data provided evidence that these twenty principals had learned to deal with role transitions and the effects of role strain. Cognitive restructuring and environmental factors were important factors which moderated the effects of role strain. Experience, tenure in position, traditions of trust among staff, congruence of personal leadership style with role changes, school-level autonomy, and leadership and support from the superintendent and school board affected role strain intensity. The data also revealed that restructuring had resulted in a change in how these principals viewed their own leadership in schools: from managers in charge to facilitators on call.


BACKGROUND: The authors describe their experience with the correction of large ostomy hernias. MEYHODS: Six patients, two males and four females, with a mean age of 60 years, with ostomy hernias larger than 10 cm, operated between 1982 and 1999. Two patients had parastomy hernia and four, peristomy. RESULTS: Three patients were operated by polypropylene mesh repair and with the permanence of stoma "in situ" while three removed the stoma and closed the hernia . There was no recurrence until now (4 patients having a follow-up of 5 years). CONCLUSIONS: The present techinique a good solution for the ostomal hernes, preventing recurrence.


The paper presents a generalized averaged model and a reduced-order averaged model of a dual active bridge bidirectional dc-dc converter, taking into account parasitic components. On the basis of these models, a particular non-linear voltage control scheme is suggested using an integral sliding mode control approach for driving the adopted single phase shift modulation technique. The main operative conditions of the converter have been examined through extensive simulations. The numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed strategy. The suggested control exhibits a strong robustness against parameters variations and disturbances and presents a very simple implementation.


This study aimed at surveying gender differences in PETS oral test. The subjects were testees in PETS oral test March,2003. The result was that statistically, gender differences were found in general and Grade 1b and Grade 1, but not in Grades 2 to 4.


The photochemical reactivity of chlorpromazine has been studied in an oxygenated solution containing micelles. The photochemical dehalogenation reaction which had previously only been observed in oxygen-free solutions was found to predominate. The relevance of this photoreaction and the micelle as a model for the in vivo phototoxicity of chlorpromazine is discussed.


According to numerous questions that appear in the domestic heat-supply system at present, this paper introduces the long-range pipeline automatic control and collection system and corresponding related LAN data collection system, automatic controller of the long-range pipeline. The long-range pipeline automatic control and collection system utilizes the transmission technology and communication technology of the signal, and it realizes to control each controlled valve of area and gather data. Whole control system can adopt the central control type, the car-mounted moving control type, the control method of the network, which realizes the pipeline long-range monitor, control and the data collection.


The shift of Higher Education into a business model has led to an increasing use of a casual so-called 'sessional' workforce, thus creating a two-tiered internal labour market in academe. Current estimates place casual teaching positions at just above fifty per cent of the total Australian academic workforce, far beyond the national casual employment average. Further research suggests that up to eighty per cent of first year subjects are taught by sessional staff. Long opposed to a drift away from standard academic employment, the National Tertiary Education Union is now advocating the establishment of permanent teaching positions, with supposably limited scope for research and professional development. While setting the discussion in the broader context of the commodification and marketization of knowledge, managerialism and the subsequent restructuring of the 'industry', this presentation aims at presenting the preliminary results of a survey of sessional academics working in two campuses, North and Far North Queensland. Replicating a research design developed by colleagues from the University of Newcastle, the survey focuses on aspects of the academics' working life and career aspirations. Data (n=102) tend to indicate that while they overall report satisfaction from their teaching, those who contemplate an academic career worry about their future prospects in the academe. The final discussion will address the issue of deskilling in the light of on-going changes in the labour process within Higher Education.


A sort of nano polycrystal diamond superfine powders was synthesized with an explosion shock method,one of dynamic ways.It is different with singlecrystal diamond which synthesized by static pressure way.The polycrystal diamond grains are composed of many nanon sized texture subcrystals.The grains have irregular shapes and their surfaces are rough;Nevertheless the singlecrystal diamond grains have regular polyhedra shapes and theirsurfaces are smooth.As a sort of grains,the polycrystal diamond has more cutting edges and so it has higher abrasive efficiency.As a sort of strengthen grains in composited electroplating and chemical plating,it has obviously superiority,for the touch area with the plating matel is more wide,the binding force is more powerful,so it was hardly stripped from the coatings.At aborad,usually it is used in fine grind and polich process on the surfaces of hard allowys,jades,sapphies,diamonds and many synthetic crystals,it is also used in electroplating and chemical plating as a sort of strengthen grains.


PurposeThe present study aims to identify and investigate the antecedents of enhanced level of cyber-security at the organisational level from both the technical and the human resource perspective using human–organisation–technology (HOT) theory.Design/methodology/approachThe study has been conducted on 151 professionals who have expertise in dealing with cyber-security in organisations in sectors such as retail, education, healthcare, etc. in India. The analysis of the data is carried out using partial least squares based structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM).FindingsThe results from the study suggest that "legal consequences" and "technical measures" adopted for securing cyber-security in organisations are the most important antecedents for enhanced cyber-security levels in the organisations. The other significant antecedents for enhanced cyber-security in organisations include "role of senior management" and "proactive information security".Research limitations/implicationsThis empirical study has significant implications for organisations as they can take pre-emptive measures by focussing on important antecedents and work towards enhancing the level of cyber-security.Originality/valueThe originality of this research is combining both technical and human resource perspective in identifying the determinants of enhanced level of cyber-security in the organisations.


Unilateral neglect—a difficulty in noticing, acting on or even thinking about information from one side of space—is one of the most striking and intriguing deficits that can follow brain damage. Recent years have seen a proliferation of research studies that reveal an immense complexity underlying these difficulties. The great majority of published studies have a theoretical aim, with the performance of neglect patients helping to constrain models on a variety of topics, including visual and auditory attention, motor function, object processing, and conscious awareness. It is in the nature of these things that this research primarily reaches an audience of like minded researchers. While articles will often conclude with a sentence or two on potential clinical applications, these are rarely explored and rarely communicated effectively to the practising clinical community. "Spatial Neglect: A Clinical Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment" sets out to bridge this gap. This concise and readable book summarises many of the most important research findings on neglect that have direct implications for assessment and rehabilitation. Initially it presents a series of case studies illustrating the highly fractionated, variable, and debilitating nature of the disorder—indeed makes the important point that "neglect" is too diverse to be usefully considered as a single disorder. In a very useful section on assessment, the authors address differentiating between neglect and more basic sensory or motoric deficits, and emphasise the important modulatory influence that factors such as arousal, context familiarity and concurrent cognitive load can exert on performance. They summarise important evidence relating to commonly used assessment techniques such as line bisection, cancellation, and drawing tasks and discuss interpretation of the widely used BIT (Behavioural Inattention Test) battery. Again, emphasising the diversity of neglect manifestations, the book stresses that neglect cannot be ruled out on the basis of good performance on one or two tests. For example,


According to the production status of engine room and the craftwork characteristics of car's manufactory welding shop, and in order to realize automatic operating welding assembly line and to coordinate work with ABB welding robot, a set of automatic welding electrical control system based on PLC has been designed, then the welding procedure of engine room workpiece could be completed step by step. In this system, real-time communication of robots and PLC control system is complied by Profibus-DP network, using touch screen as host computer of PLC, system configuration and monitoring is finished by WinCC flexible software. After debugging, it has proved that the system can operate steadily, and more accurate welding point position could be achieved. As a result, the inferior rate declined to 2 percent and the production circle time increased 28 percent, the average daily output reached 180 pieces.


A number of studies have established a strong link between anti-immigration and Eurosceptic attitudes. But does this relationship necessarily imply that more immigration would increase public Euroscepticism in member states of the European Union? I evaluate this question by analyzing immigration data and Eurobarometer survey data over the period 2009–2017. The analysis shows no evidence that individual levels of Euroscepticism increase with actual levels of immigration. This result suggests that a strong link between anti-immigration and Eurosceptic attitudes does not necessarily translate into a strong link between immigration levels and public Euroscepticism. Public Euroscepticism can still be low even if immigration levels are high.


Soft technology is more and more present in robotics allowing safe interaction with humans, high dexterity in constrained environments, and safe manipulation of fragile or undefined objects. However, soft robotics is limited by a fundamental trade-off between available workspace and stiffness. Position feedback is also challenging as soft robots generally use deformable mechanisms instead of discrete joints. Here, the design of a soft four-degree-of-freedom tool positioner integrating a brake system and a soft sensor is proposed to address these issues. The design integrates molded air muscle actuators, granular jamming brakes, and Dielectric Elastomer Sensors (DES). The design is experimentally validated based on the requirements of a manipulator for liver cancer treatment, which is a representative application of soft robotics. The use of granular jamming mitigates the fundamental trade-off of soft robotics as it allows the manipulator to reach a large workspace (1500 cm3) while having the capacity to provide a high stiffness (up to19 times the initial stiffness). DES provides satisfactory position feedback, demonstrating a 0.69 mm accuracy that is lower than the 1 mm requirement. The proposed design using granular jamming and DES could greatly benefit human-safe and medical robotics.Copyright © 2015 by ASME


We experienced a case of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC), which is the earliest morphologically recognizable precursor of pelvic high grade serous carcinoma, diagnosed by cytology during the operation. A 48-year-old Japanese woman visited to our department because of abnormal cytological result and the left adnexal mass on female cancer screening. Pre-operatively, she was diagnosed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 3, adenomyosis, and the left adnexal cystic lesion with papillary growth. At laparotomy, the left adnexal tumor turned out to be cystic fallopian tube with small papillary growth on the inner surface, but abnormal findings were not present on bilateral ovaries. The cytology of the imprint smears from the papillary projection and ascitic fluid showed positive, suggesting serous adenocarcinoma. Histopathological examination of the lesion revealed the left fallopian tube lesion was STIC with immunohistochemically positive reactivity against p53. No metastases including disseminated lesions were noted. The patient received four courses of systemic chemotherapy, and had no recurrent signs 10 months after the operation.


INTRODUCTION
Osteoarticular infections are an important cause of morbidity and may present with bacteremia. The epidemiology has changed in recent years.

OBJECTIVES
To describe the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary characteristics of children with osteoarticular infections and compare patients with and without bacteremia.

POPULATION AND METHODS
Retrospective cohort. Patients younger than 18 years admitted between January 1st, 2016 and December 31st, 2016 suspected of osteoarticular infections who had undergone an arthrocentesis and/or joint biopsy were included. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were compared between patients with and without bacteremia. The Stata 10 software was used.

RESULTS
N: 62. Patients' median age was 59.5 months (interquartile range [IQR]: 24-84). Fever developed in 44 patients (70%). Arthritis predominated (54 patients, 87%). An etiologic agent was identified in 29 patients (47%). Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent (n: 20, 32%). Among these, 15 developed bacteremia (24%). Clindamycin was administered to 56 patients (90%) as empirical therapy. The median intravenous treatment duration was 7 days (IQR: 5-11) and the median length of stay, 7 days (IQR: 4-12). Patients with bacteremia were younger (26 months versus 60 months, p < 0.05), had a higher baseline C-reactive protein level (101 U/L versus 33 U/L, p < 0.05), a lower hemoglobin level at the time of admission (10.8 g/dL versus 12.5 g/dL, p = 0.04), and a higher frequency of fever (100% versus 57%, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Staphylococcus aureus was prevalent. Children with bacteremia were younger, had a higher C-reactive protein level, a lower hemoglobin level at the time of admission, and 100% presented fever.


Abstract : This report documents the results of a study on the U.S. Rubber Industry. The study includes an identification of essential post-war products manufactured by the rubber industry; in particular, the demand for them, their production, vulnerabilities, and measures to both reduce and restore essential post-war rubber product production quickly. (Author)


Aim. To investigate lipid exchange violations, inflammatory markers levels, their connections in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and their role in AF paroxysm development and duration.
Materials and methods. 300 patients were divided into three groups: 27 patients without CAD and arrhythmias formed the control group (CG), 149 patients with CAD but without arrhythmias were included in the main group, and 124 patients with CAD and AF paroxysm were in the comparison group. The average duration of AF paroxysm in the studied group was 2 [1; 3] days (mean [95 % CI]). Such indexes were examined: total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lipoprotein (α) (Lp(α)), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apoprotein B (ApoB), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6).
Results. According to our data, CAD is characterized by significant lipid exchange violations (increasing TC, LDL, TG, Lpα, ApoB and decreasing HDL; p < 0.05) and increasing inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6). The presence of AF paroxysm in CAD patients deepened such changes (increasing ApoB, IL-6, CRP; p < 0.05) and ApoB/ApoA1 ratio was increased (p < 0.05). Significant strong and middle strength correlations between inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6) and lipid exchange indexes (LDL, TG, ApoA1, ApoB, ApoB/ApoA1) were found (p < 0.05). For validation the role of lipid exchange and inflammation in AF pathogenesis ROC curve was performed: LDL + 1.6 × CRP, the area under ROC curve 0.8519 (p < 0.05). This formula can help us to predict the development of AF paroxysm in CAD patients. Moreover, a linear regression equation was created: AF Paroxysm Duration (days) = 0.91 × IL-6 – 0.95 (p < 0.05), which will help to predict AF paroxysm duration in CAD patients, too.
Conclusions. AF paroxysm occurrence in CAD patients is based on dyslipidemia and inflammation. It is connected with increasing IL-6, CRP, ApoB/ApoA1 levels. The duration of AF paroxysm in CAD patients directly depends on the IL-6 level.


【Objective】 Optimize the extraction condition of highest yields of total phenols(magnolol,honokiol) for cortex Magnolia officinalis var.biloba,using the response surface analysis.【Method】 The extraction factors of the concentration of ethanol,concentration of alkali,solid-to-liquid and periods of ultrasound-assisted extraction were employed.【Results】 The second-order quadratic regression equation fitted the experimental data well with regard to magnolol(R2=0.940 2),honokiol(R2=0.962 6) and total phenols(R2=0.960 6),respectively.Under the condition of ultrasonic power 150 W,the optimum extraction conditions for total phenols were ethanol 56%,alkali 0.8%,solid-to-liquid 1∶36,period of extraction 29 min,where herein yields of magnolol were 1.95 mg/g,honokiol were 9.80 mg/g,total phenols were 11.75 mg/g.【Conclusion】 The predicted values got consistent with experimental values.Ethanol-alkali extraction of total phenols dominated in time,power and efficiency,comparing with ethanol and alkali extraction.


Simple Summary In radiotherapy for rectal cancer, the treatment is identical for women and men. In recent years, the question has arisen whether there are gender differences in radiochemotherapy. We have investigated, in detail, differences between men and women, especially with regard to radiation sensitivity. We found no evidence for a difference in radiosensitivity between the sexes. Nevertheless, during radiochemotherapy, women experienced increased impairments in the quality of life, which, however, are restored in the subsequent period. One possibility is an increased sensitivity of women to chemotherapy. Abstract Gender is increasingly recognized as an important factor in medicine, although it has long been neglected in medical research in many areas. We have studied the influence of gender in advanced rectal cancer with a special focus on radiosensitivity. For this purpose, we studied a cohort of 495 men (84.1% ≥ T3, 63.6% N1, 17.6%, M1) and 215 women (84.2% ≥ T3, 56.7% N1, 22.8%, M1) who all suffered from advanced rectal cancer and were treated with radiochemotherapy. The energy deposited, DNA double-strand break (dsb) repair, occurrence of chromosomal aberrations, duration of therapy, tumor regression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, laboratory parameters, quality of life and survival were assessed. The residual DNA dsb damage 24 h after irradiation in lymphocytes was identical in both sexes. Furthermore, chromosomal aberrations accurately reflecting radiosensitivity, were similar in both sexes. There were no gender-dependent differences in tumor regression, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and outcome indicating no differences in the radiosensitivity of cancer cells. The irradiated tumor volume in women was slightly lower than in men, related to body weight, no difference was observed. However, when the total energy deposited was calculated and related to the body weight, women were exposed to higher amounts of ionizing radiation. During radiochemotherapy, decreases in blood lymphocyte counts and albumin and several quality-of-life parameters such as nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, and diarrhea were significantly worse in women. There is no difference in radiation sensitivity between men and women in both normal tissue and tumors. During radiochemotherapy, the quality of life deteriorates more in women than in men. However, women also recover quickly and there are no long-term differences in quality of life.


When we setup a computer network, we need to know if an attacker can get into the system. We need to do a series of test that shows the vulnerabilities of the network setup. These series of tests are commonly known Penetration Test. The need for penetration testing was not well known before. This paper highlights how penetration started and how it became as popular as it has today. The internet played a big part into the push to getting the idea of penetration testing started. The styles of penetration testing can vary from physical to network or virtual based testing which either can be a benefit to how a company becomes more secure. This paper presents the steps of penetration testing that a company or organization needs to carry out, to find out their own security flaws.


This second issue of the Arboricultural Journal in 2019 presents two contributions on essentially "urban forestry" issues and approaches, and two on relevant aspects of physiology and growth of urban trees and their environments. Hardy, Weir, and Slater (2019) examine the usefulness of the SolvitaTM Gel System for field testing of urban forests soils. They conclude that the SolvitaTM Gel System field test kit has the potential to be used as an urban forest soil assessment tool and that such application merits further research. This is a helpful and relevant observation since soils are frequently overlooked when considering tree health and condition, and moreover, selecting the available and reliable equipment is not easy for arboricultural workers unfamiliar with the science. Other observations on soils and their examination or assessment would be welcomed. Moving to the community aspects of urban forestry, Molla and Mekonnen (2019) have undertaken a detailed piece of research based on Hawassa City in Southern Ethiopia. Their work not only highlights the importance and value of the urban forest in this situation, but it raises serious issues in terms of addressing core aspects of sustainability. Indeed, their conclusions include some rather grim reading which serves as a reminder of deep-seated problems in many emerging economies. This can be difficult for urban trees in affluent western cities, but here there was a lack of awareness on the use of urban trees and the urban forest. Furthermore, there was limited public support for urban green infrastructure, and the management of urban trees and the urban forest poor were adversely influenced by limited policy and strategic guidance. Additionally, a compounding factor, occurring in many global cities, was rapid urban expansion. This appears to have exacerbated the poor levels of understanding and therefore allowed inappropriate management practices. The issues raised here must surely apply to many other emerging cities and more case-studies of this sort would be pertinent contributions to our expanding professional practice at a global level. Staying with the focus on people and communities, Papastavrou (2019), has undertaken a study based on the city of Bristol in England. The city has developed a tree strategy with a commitment to double its tree canopy cover to 30% by 2050. This is with a nod to the UK Government's appointment of a "tree champion" and changes in government guidance on the need to consult more effectively prior to any major urban tree-felling programmes. Of course, there is the uncomfortable truth for governments that do not wish to spend money on local services, and this is that it will have to be paid for. A major cause of some of the recent urban tree-felling controversies has undoubtedly been the haemorrhaging of local authority funding for environmental services such as urban forestry. However, UK governmental decision-makers do not Arboricultural Journal 2019, VOL. 41, NO. 2, 65–66 https://doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2019.1613081


With the method of randomized block design,four wheat cultivars with 12 irrigation methods were used to study irrigation application regime in drought year of 20102011. Results indicate the yield of wheat with more irrigations raised 1 2004 200 kg / ha comparing to dry farming,a significantly higher grain production in tillering and overwatering irrigation was achieved than that irrigated in spring and with more yield in tillering irrigation, while more than 3% yield of wheat was obtained with rose water but delayed water. Irrigation in tiller + jointing + anthesis + grain filling stage and overwintering + jointing + anthesis + grain filling stage during the whole growth period have the first and the second yield,respectively. Three times irrigations in tiller / overwinter + jointing + anthesis stage can have closed to or exceed yield than that of four times watering in spring. However,unification of higher yield and higher water use efficiency was achieved with 3 times water. There was a significant difference of the responses to irrigation treatment among cultivars,a stable yield with higher yield was gained with H4399 in dry farming,JM22 and J585 had a remarkable increased yield with added water,which show a good productivity.


This paper describes a versatile cooling and housing design and several methods for mounting lithium-drifted silicon and germanium de tectors. Since considerable care must be exercised to keep non-encapsulated germanium detectors in their best operating condition, greater emphasis is placed on mountings for germanium detectors than on mountings for silicon detectors. _Developmental problems, materials, and methods of evacuating the housings are discussed in detail.


The white mouse is known to be extremely resistant to both the bovine and the human strains of the tubercle bacillus. Koch found the field mouse more susceptible than the white mouse, but it is not known with what species of field mouse he worked. Certainly is was not the striped hamster, which is not found in Central Europe. The striped hamster (Cricetulus griseus) is very susceptible to infection with Leishmania donovani and these micro-organisms seem to mobilize the same type of cell that is mainly concerned in phagocytizing tubercle bacilli and initiating tubercle formation. So it was but natural to wonder if the hamster is not susceptible to tuberculous infection. The experiments here cited show this to be the case. Known bovine and human strains of tubercle bacilli have been introduced by the subcutaneous, intra-abdominal and oral routes. The guinea pig was used chiefly to test the pathogenicity of the strains employed, as it is known to react to infection in a more or less uniform way. In the subcutaneous and intra-abdominal inoculations, homogeneous suspensions of 0.1 mgm., dried weight, of tubercle bacilli were administered to hamsters and white mice, and 1.0 mgm. to guinea pigs, as the weight of the latter was approximately ten times that of the former. In the feeding experiments an excess of tubercle bacilli was mixed with the feed, no attempt being made to measure the amount ingested. One animal of each series was sacrificed weekly. At autopsy gross studies were made, and microscopic examination of sections of lung, liver, spleen and tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes was done, and it was found that after six weeks of infection a gross diagnosis of tuberculosis of the lungs could be made in nearly every hamster, whereas this could not be done in the majority of the white mice.


Very few nitrogen-balance studies have been reported on human subjects whose diet is habitually on the margin between adequacy and starvation. Nitrogen balances have been determined in north China for children aged 4-5 (Kung & Fang, 1935) and adolescent boys, aged 14-21 years (Kung & Yeh, 1938). Adults have been used as subjects by Adolph & Wang (1934) in China, and by Mitra, Verma & Ahmed (1948) and Patwardhan, Mukundan, Rama Sastri & Tulpule (1949) in India. All these experiments were made to compare the digestion and utilization of various staple cereals. The experiments described in this paper were performed in order to determine the nitrogen metabolism in African children and then, by comparison with American data (Macy, 1942), to ascertain whether there is any difference in nitrogen economy between individuals accustomed to a poor and to a full diet.


Abstract : Nearly 70% of males exhibit a profound loss of fertility following spinal cord injury. While the mechanisms underlying this loss have been discussed for decades, our laboratories (Grill and Loose) discovered that spinal trauma produces a significant loss in integrity of the blood-testis-barrier; a protective multi-cellular structure that maintains immune privilege of the highly-antigenic sperm and sperm cell-containing compartments within the testis. We also demonstrated that once failed, the BTB remains permeable, essentially for the life of the subject. The goal of our proposal has been two-fold: 1) to develop a greater understanding of the molecular, biochemical and structural pathologies underlying BTB breakdown post-SCI, and 2) to determine whether a novel therapeutic, can help preserve BTB integrity when introduced during the acute phase of SCI using a clinically-relevant rat spinal contusion model. We have found that the drug, licofelone, preserves blood-spinal cord barrier integrity and enhances locomotor function in rats when given early following surgery.


In this paper, we present a comparative study between Newton-Raphson method, Householder's iteration method, Adomian decomposition method and High order iteration method applied to the solution of nonlinear hydrocarbon combustion equations for investigation of equilibrium composition in combustion products. For this purpose, the paper produces a step of numerical for calculating the composition of the hydrocarbon combustion, which is based on the development 6236 Paramust Juntarakod and Thanakom Soontornchainacksaeng of a model using 11 species chemical equilibrium considerations. The 11×11 non-linear system, which is obtained from the seven non-linear equilibrium equations and the four linear atom balance equations, is converted to a 4×4 non-linear system. This system is solved using the all iteration Method for non-linear systems, with no conversion problems and small computational cost. The program is applied successfully for hydrocarbon fuel, which typically represents the gasoline fuel. The comparison gives similar results and supplies quantitatively reliable results.


In the present study, 3 factorial design was used to investigate the combined influence of three independent variables in the preparation of Cytarabine liposomes by thin film hydration method. The process variables like rotation speed, temperature, vacuum applied and hydration time were kept constant through out the study. The formulation variables, Drug (Cytarabine) / Lipid [Phosphatidyl choline (PC) and Cholesterol (Chol)] molar ratio (X1), PC / Chol in percent ratio of total lipids (X2) and the volume of hydration medium (X3) were selected as the independent variables. Based on the factorial design, twenty seven batches of cytarabine liposomes were prepared. The liposome batches were evaluated for its drug entrapment within the liposomal vesicles. The percent drug entrapment (PDE) was selected as the dependent variable. The transformed values of independent variables were subjected to multiple regression analysis to establish a second order polynomial equation (full model). FStatistic was applied to establish a reduced polynomial equation (reduced model) by neglecting the nonsignificant (P > 0.01) terms from the full model. Based on the coefficient values obtained for independent variables from the regression equation, it was clear that the drug/lipid molar ratio (X1), which was having the maximum value (b1 = 5.36) was the major contributing variable for PDE within the liposomes. The reduced polynomial equation was used to plot three two-dimensional contour plots at a fixed levels of -1, 0 and 1 of the variable X3 to obtain various combination values of the two other independent variables (X1 and X2) at predetermined PDE. The established equation was validated by preparing three batches three times taking values of independent variables from the contour plots for the prefixed value of PDE. Response surface curves were also plotted to show the effects of X1, X2 and X3 on the PDE within liposomes. Thus the derived equation, response surface plots and contour plots helps in predicting the values of the independent variables for maximum PDE in the preparation of cytarabine liposomes by thin film hydration method.


Artisanal fishing is very important for the Brazilian Northeast, since several families depend solely on this activity. Due to the numerous changes in the management of this sector, it has not received the necessary attention to consolidate. The objective of this study was to analyze the fishing activity and characterize the socioeconomic profile of the artisanal fishermen of Pontal, located in the city of Indiaroba, Sergipe. To obtain information on socioeconomic aspects and fishing activity, interviews (n = 45) were carried out, using questionnaires. In the village of Pontal, 35.6% of the respondents did not use fishing gear, as they probably act in the capture of crab, siri and aratu. Regarding the monthly income of fishermen from Pontal from fishing, 38.64% of them get up to $ 200.00 a month and 25.00% between $ 201.00 and $ 400.00 a month. From the analysis of the data it was possible to observe the structural and financial difficulties of the artisanal fishery carried out by the fishermen of Pontal.


Risk management is indispensable. Halal fashion is an emerging business globally, yet studies of Halal fashion supply chain (HFSC) risk management are scarce. An in-depth literature review discovered 40 risk factors in the HFSC. A group of professionals active in the field classified these risks into seven categories. The fuzzy best-worst approach was then used to rank the risk categories and risk factors. Manufacturing and design risks have the highest significance in HFSC management, and risks in the financial and sustainability categories the lowest. The paper contributes significantly by delivering an extensive inventory of HFSC management risks and their relative rankings that can serve as a foundation for the development of a large number of theoretical studies.


Interest in liquefied natural gas (LNG) as an alternative vehicle fuel has increased significantly. Its greater storage density relative to compressed natural gas makes it an attractive option for both volume and weight constrained vehicle applications. The public transportation market, specifically transit bus properties, have been very aggressive in pursuing LNG as an alternative vehicle fuel. Naturally, when dealing with the general public and a new transportation fuel, the issue of safety must be addressed. With this in mind, the Gas Research Institute has initiated a number of safety related studies including an investigation of the use of odorants in LNG. This paper presents the preliminary results of an investigation performed by the Institute of Gas Technology to determine both the applicability and effectiveness of odorizing LNG. This includes an overview of the current state-of-the-art in LNG vehicle fueling and safety systems as well as a discussion of an LNG odorization program conducted by San Diego Gas & Electric in the mid 70`s. Finally, the paper discusses the results of the modeling effort to determine whether conventional odorants used in natural gas can be injected and remain soluble in LNG at temperatures and pressures encountered in LNG fueling and on-boardmore » storage systems.« less


The main purpose of this study is to test the effect of the derivative instruments on financial contagion in developed countries including France, Germany, South Korea, Spain, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, considering the United States as the source of the crisis. Therefore, at first, existence of the contagion in the markets was investigated using the ARMA-GARCH-COPULA method, and then, the effect of the derivative instruments on the contagion for the selected countries was examined during the time period 01: 2007: to 08:2018. The results confirm the negative effect of the derivatives on the contagion.


Gordon B. Barlin (Ph.D. (ANU); D.Sc. (Sydney)) worked for approximately 40 years in the John Curtin School of Medical Research, ANU, on the syntheses of nitrogen heterocyclic compounds and the examination of their physico-chemical and biological properties, including tautomerism, kinetics of nucleophilic substitution, enhancement of anticancer activity by phleomycin, new potential antimalarials, and an extensive study of substituted imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines for interaction with central and peripheral nervous system receptors.


The concept of the 'core executive' was introduced by Dunleavy and Rhodes in 1990. Two decades on, what is the state of core executive studies? This article argues that the language of the study of central government has been transformed. In addition, there is now a much broader consideration of the central government space, incorporating ministers, civil servants, and so on. Within core executive studies, the resource-dependency approach has become dominant. Arguably, though, with its insistence on a structural element to power and its focus on prime ministerial predominance, much of this work collapses back into an interpretation that is close to the conclusions of the pre1990 debate. Currently, only the interpretive, ethnographic approach proposed by Rhodes and his co-authors challenges the new orthodoxy. This article suggests that a resolutely positivist account of the core executive would provide a similar challenge and spark a lively and very welcome debate. The concept of the 'core executive' was first introduced by Dunleavy and Rhodes (1990) two decades ago. The decision to coin a new term was quite deliberate. The aim was to provide a concept that changed the terms of the debate about British central government and that could also be applied comparatively (Dunleavy and Rhodes 1990, p. 4). The wording of the concept was equally deliberate. The core executive was deemed to comprise 'all those organizations and structures which primarily serve to pull together and integrate central government policies, or act as final arbiters within the executive of conflicts between different elements of the government machine' (Dunleavy and Rhodes 1990), thus emphasizing the collection of institutions that coordinate policy in central government, rather than privileging particular institutions, such as the prime minister or the cabinet. Two decades later, the aims of the exercise have been met. The 'term ''core executive'' has become well established in the political science literature' (Burch and Holliday 2004, p. 2). The debate about prime ministerial vs. cabinet government in Britain has been relegated to academic history. While the concept of the 'core executive' has not travelled to the US, it has certainly been applied to many European countries and, particularly, Australia. Overall, in the same way that the concept of 'governance' has replaced that of 'government', so the concept of the 'core executive' as an element of the so-called anglo-governance school of study, has emerged as part of the 'new orthodoxy' (Marinetto 2003, p. 295). This article charts the development of core executive studies. It begins by reviewing R. A. W. (Rod) Rhodes' contribution to the literature, identifying three phases of his work on this topic. It then reviews the core executive literature more generally, distinguishing between the studies that focus on relations within the core executive and studies that focus on relations between the core executive and other actors. This literature is then evaluated. The argument is made that while the concept of the core executive has indeed emerged as a new orthodoxy, particularly in relation to the study of the British central executive, some of the conclusions of the contemporary literature are similar to those that were critiqued so effectively by Rhodes two decades ago.


The invention provides a surgical instrument, an operation method and a surgical system. The surgical instrument comprises a protective cover, a scalpel tool bit, a power output device, a rotary device, an adsorption device, a feedback device, a warning device and a shell. The rotary device, the adsorption device and the warning devices are located in the shell. The rotary device is connected with the power output device, the scalpel tool bit and the adsorption device. The feedback device is arranged on the scalpel tool bit. The protective cover is of a tubular structure with one end closed, an opening is formed in the side wall, close to the closed end, of the protective cover, and the scalpel tool bit and the feedback device are located in the protective cover. The warning device is disposed on the inner wall of the shell. According to the scheme, abnormal tissue entering the opening of the protective cover can be completely cut off.


By means of a photoelectrical technique used in conjunction with a 3‐m vacuum monochromator, the absorption cross section of the O2 continuum in the region 2350–1814 A and the absorption cross section of CO2 in the region 2160–1718 A have been measured. The cross section of the O2 continuum is 3.8 × 10−24 cm2 at 2350 A; it slowly increases towards shorter wavelengths and reaches 10.7 × 10−24 cm2 at about 1980 A, then increases very rapidly and reaches 7.1 × 10−22 cm2 at about 1814 A. In the case of CO2, numerous discrete bands were found overlapping a weak continuum in the wavelength region below 1980 A. The absorption cross section of the CO2 continuum is about 2 × 10−24 cm2 at 2100 A; it gradually increases toward the shorter wavelength side, and reaches about 4 × 10−24 cm2 at 2000 A. The continuum rises rapidly at 2000 A and its value is 1.19 × 10−20 cm2 at 1718 A. Origins of the continua of both O2 and CO2 are briefly discussed.


Simulation of the system thermal-hydraulic parameters was carried out following the KNUl (Korea Nuclear Unit-1) loss of normal feedwater transient sequence occurred on November 14, 1984. Results were compared with the plant transient data, and good agreements were obtained. Some deviations were found in the parameters such as the steam flowrate and the RCS (Reactor Coolant System) average temperature, around the time of reactor trip. It can be expected since the thermal-hydraulic parameters encounter rapid transitions due to the large reduction of the reactor thermal power in a short period of time and, thereby, the plant data involve transient uncertainties. The analysis was performed using the RELAP5/MOD1/NSC developed through some modifications of the interphase drag and the wall heat transfer modeling routines of the RELAP5/MOD1/CY018.


Starting with a critical reading of Mafalda, written by Quino, the argentinean comics writer, and based on Gramsci"s hegemony concept, we are trying to analise the possibilities of collecting ideas against hegemony within the teaching of History, through which we call ""Mafaldian" criticism" to the charactheristic elements of the burgess society. Gramsci contributions to education (The dialetic relation between hegemony and education) and his discussion about private means of hegemony and the war of position, are fundamental pillars of the analisys. In metodological terms, we have selected six cartoons of Mafalda, chosen from Toda Mafalda, with the purpose of reinforcing the reflections herein.


2 Abstract: Type 1 Diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic disease that is found in different age groups including adolescents. T1DM cannot be cured but can be managed throughout life to prevent complications, experiences of self-management becomes a challenging and complex process during adolescence. The aim of the current study was to provide descriptive information about hindering factors of self-management in T1DM as perceived by adolescents versus mothers. A descriptive, comparative research design was utilized. This study was conducted in out patient's clinic for DM at National Institution of Endocrinology Diseases (NIDE). A purposive sample of 250 adolescents and 250 of their mothers was obtained. Four tools were utilized which were a structured interview questionnaire schedule, adolescents' knowledge about T1DM assessment tool, T1DM hindering factors for adolescents (adolescents' perception) and T1DM hindering factors for adolescents (mothers' perception). Results of the current study revealed that there were highly statistically significant differences between total mean scores of hindering factors of self-management in T1DM as perceived by adolescents versus their mothers. Based upon these results the present study recommended that replication of such study on a lager and different age groups to be able to generalize the results of current study.


of Mueller (1958, 1959) who has cultured Spirometra mansonoides. To the author's knowledge, the only reports on successful in vitro culture of adult cyclophyllideans is that of Schiller, Read, and Rothman (1959) who reported a 30-fold increase in growth of Hymenolepis diminuta. As previously reported (Berntzen, 1960), the cestode Hymenolepis diminuta has been successfully cultivated in vitro from excysted larvae to adults having proglottids with developing oncospheres. This method, employing a continuous flow principle, will be described in detail.


LAYER FILTER FREE ASBESTOS. FREE THE FILTER LAYER CONTAINS ASBESTOS CELLULOSE AND FILTRATION ADJUVANTS (KIESELGUHR, Perlite, ETC.) AS WELL AS HAVING SUFFERED SUBSTANCES A cATIONIC MODIFICATION. THE AMENDED SUBSTANCE IS MADE UP OF CELLULOSE FIBER, ETOU mICROFIBER, ETOU FORM GRANULATED OR POWDER, WHICH ARE CHEMICALLY FIXED CHEMICAL GROUPS SAYS SUBSTITUTION DEGREE BETWEEN 0 01 and 0.05. THIS IS cationized cellulose ALL OR PART OF CELLULOSE FILTRATION LAYER WITH A RATE OF FINE SIGNIFICANTLY BETWEEN 20 AND 60 IN THE SCALE SCHOPPER-RIEGLER. APPLICATION TO FILTER LAYERS ASBESTOS-FREE, ESPECIALLY FOR PROCESSING DRINKS.


In the lung, CFTR is largely expressed in undifferentiated
multipotent stem cells of the first- and second-trimester airway
epithelium. As differentiation proceeds, the expression of
CFTR dissipate


The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a high-strength high-elongation ratio aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The high-strength high-elongation ratio aluminum alloy comprises the following components by weight percent: 0.8-1.1 percent of Mg, 0.55-0.85 percent of Si, 0.1-0.3 percent of Mn, 0.1-0.3 percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of Ti, and the balance of Al. The copper content of the aluminum alloy is reduced, the content of impurity iron is controlled more strictly, the content of manganese and zinc properly is improved, the ingredient ratio of magnesium and silicon is optimized, the alloy cost is reduced, higher tensile strength and yield strength and favorable plasticity are ensured,, thereby being applied into thin walls, complex sections and industrial sectional bars with high corrosion-resisting performance.


In this paper, we propose a very low complexity Linear Minimum Mean Square Error (LMMSE) channel estimation technique for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The conventional LMMSE channel estimation technique suffers from a high computational complexity with an order of O(N_P^3) operations (N_P represents the total number pilot in one OFDM symbol) due to an inversion matrix operation. By exploiting the structure of the channel autocorrelation matrix, we propose a very low complexity LMMSE channel estimator based on a FFT operation, a circle shift operation and a fast Toeplitz matrix-vector multiplication. The complexity of the proposed algorithm is reduced to O(N_P logN_P) operations. Simulation results show that the proposed technique has the same performances as well as the classical LMMSE in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER) and Mean Square Error (MSE).