Permanent State of Emergency Eyebeam Art + Technology Center New York City April 7-28, 2009 Since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, American citizens have lived on edge with a heightened sense of awareness of their immediate surroundings along with the unfair scrutiny of the racial "other." Much like the Cold War era, the current culture of fear grew and evolved into various anti-war movements and most recently in reaction to the global economic fallout. Although the culture of fear has quite an extensive record in American history, the most recent chain of events appears peculiar since one has quickly succeeded the other, leaving no time for a sense of recovery. "Permanent State of Emergency" consists of nineteen video vignettes that served as the inaugural display inside Kyebeam's new Window Gallery. Curated by Sherry Milliter and Ernest Larsen, this collage of videos collectively examines the notions of "America" and "democracy" as part of a larger protest against the socio-political strain that has saturated our society for nearly a decade. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Mary Kelly's WLM Demo Remix (2005) opens this visual narrative and begins with a blurry sepia-toned photograph that eventually focuses to show women and minorities marching in solidarity. As the clip progresses, this contemporary photograph is gradually replaced with a historic photograph that was taken during the March for Women's Rights in the late 1960s. 90[cents] by Surface Area (2009) is a satirical instructional by Michael Mandiberg that shows how to burn a dollar bill. As Mandiberg burns the title of the piece across the surface of a $1 bill, the discussion of emergency quickly transforms from an issue of individual rights into the economy of exchange. The clash of independence and freedom against the efforts of economic growth appears most prominently in Allan Sekula's collection of slides titled Waiting for Tear Gas (White Globe to Black) (1999-2000). In this 3-minute segment, Sekula focuses on the protesters, reflecting their solidarity as they walk and wait in anticipation of a police attack. Alternating images of police, either standing in their combat uniforms or sitting ready on horseback, allude to the rigid crowd control that was enforced, as subsequent images reflect protestors reeling from tear gas and wearing flamboyant outfits that called attention to America's exploitation of individual freedoms in Second and Third World countries. James T. Hong and Yin-Ju Chen's Suprematist Kapital (2006) speeds through a series of circles and squares that flash across the screen and allude to the one-way nature of western capitalism. Beginning with symbols such as a boat, a teepee, and a gun, Hong and Chen capture the discovery of America before moving on to the icon of a factory and a walking worker. Dollar signs Hash as machine wheels, an automobile, Nazi swastika, and B-52 bomb contrast with one another before ending with a half-moon and star, guns, a target, and more oil, which all amount to nothing but global greed. …


Nitrido- and imido-osmium(VI) complexes with cyanides as ligands have been synthesised and found to display intense photoluminescence in fluid solutions at room temperature; the X-ray structure of [Ph4As]2[OsVI(CN)5N] has been determined with a measured OsN distance of 1.647(7)A.


We study abstract Ces\`aro spaces $CX$, which may be regarded as generalizations of Ces\`aro sequence spaces $ces_p$ and Ces\`aro function spaces $Ces_p(I)$ on $I = [0,1]$ or $I = [0,\infty)$, and also as the description of optimal domain from which Ces\`aro operator acts to $X$. We find the dual of such spaces in a very general situation. What is however even more important, we do it in the simplest possible way. Our proofs are more elementary than the known ones for $ces_p$ and $Ces_p(I)$. This is the point how our paper should be seen, i.e. not as generalization of known results, but rather like grasping and exhibiting the general nature of the problem, which is not so easy visible in the previous publications. Our results show also an interesting phenomenon that there is a big difference between duality in the cases of finite and infinite interval.


Abstract Peanut chromosomes are small and preparations of well-spread, darkly stained mitotic cells can be difficult to obtain. Techniques developed for wheat were adapted to peanut. The results are highly reproducible and many dividing cells with darkly stained chromosomes can usually be observed when root tissues are used for preparation. Applications also can be made for determining ploidy levels and chromosome numbers of plants by using immature leaf tissues. The technique has application for both diploids and polyploids and is suitable for both chromosome counts and karyotyping studies.


as involving: 'the integration of speaking, listening, reading, viewing, writing and critical thinking'. The creation of communities of literacy learners in the classroom is then emphasized: without this, Caimey points out, no reader response or process writing activities can really succeed. Drawing on literary theorists such as Iser and Rosenblatt, as well as the work of Douglas Barnes, Vygotsky, Bruner, and Rogoff, Caimey sees the literacy learner as an 'apprentice in thinking' and stresses the need for genuine interaction and dialogue in the classroom. The use of questioning by teachers and by students is seen as an indicator of this. Separate chapters are devoted to developing 'readers who read' and 'writers who write' within this type of environment. Finally, assessment and planning are considered as part of one virtuous circle of literacy development in schools. Overall, Pathways to Literacy contains both a summary of existing thinking and a vision for the future. As a summary, the book performs a useful function for teachers, researchers, and students, but there is


Chinese financial markets play an ever more pertinent role in the global economic context and are therefore increasingly relevant for stabilizing the economy. In this paper, we scrutinize the impact of a series of new policies on stock index futures trading, which have recently been enacted by the Chinese government. We pay particular attention to the way in which these have influenced commodity market volatilities and how their impact on liquidity has affected volatility more generally. Our results reveal a novel interaction between the new government policy and market forces which drive volatilities in commodity markets.


Blast disease (Pyricularia zingiberi Nishikado) occurred on mioga and ginger plants, but not on plants such as Indian shell-flower (Alpinia japonica Miq.), ginger lily (Hedychium coronarium Koen.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) which were growing around ginger fields. The blast fungus overwintered with sclerotium-like structures on the residues of diseased ginger and mioga plants. The overwintered sclerotium-like structures in ginger fields were killed by soil fumigation with methyl bromide which is commonly used before ginger planting season. The primary infection source of ginger plants seemed to be diseased mioga plants, because the first blast development occurred on the latter at the beginning of July, and then continually on the former.


RESPUESTA AL ARTICULO: THE IMPORTANCE OF GREY LITERATURE IN FISHERIES ECOLOGY: AN EXAMPLE BASED ON THE THROPHIC ROLE OF SMALL PELAGICS IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA (Tripp-Valdez, M. A., S. E. Lluch Cota, P. Del Monte Luna & C. Salvadeo)


Purpose: The purpose of research is to study the impact of IFRS standards on the implementation of international financial instruments in the financial institutions of the country before and after implementing IFRS rules on the application of the IFRSs.Method: guarantees the practices of the educational institutions from 2010 to 2021, and measures them by means of references. (Kothari et al., 2005).Results: Statement of the International Standards for Financial Reporting, which shows that the international standards for financial reporting contain a number of alternatives that allow for Earnings Management (EM) practices.Research Implications: We also find that the level of application of IFRS in non-commercial markets may differ in importance from the application in the Non-Commercial Markets.Originality/value: contribute to the challenges facing IFRS, which can help to implement IFRS successfully in the future in order to avoid problems with the implementation of the standards by improving the quality of the management of the options available in these standards.


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the feature of epidemiological of rotavirus diarrhea in Lulong county, Hebei province.

METHODS
426 stool specimens were collected from inpatant with acute diarrhea from children less than 5 years old. Rotavirus-positive specimens were identified by ELISA kit. G/P typing assays were confirmed with multiplex seminested RT-PCR.

RESULTS
Rotavirus was detected in 202 of 426 (47.42%) specimens. Genotyping of rotavirus showed that G3 was predominant (57.9%), followed by Gmix (16.3%), G9 (14.9% ), G1 (7.9%), G4 (1%), G2 (0.5%), P-genotyping showed that P [8], Pmix, P [4], P [9], type were found in 58.4%, 28.7%, 6.9% and 1% respectively. The most common G/P combination identified was G3P [8].

CONCLUSION
Group A rotaviruses was a major pathogen of diarrhea in Children in Lulong. G3P [8] was the predominant type in 2009, Gmix and Pmix abound, and G9 serotypes has become the second predominant after G3 strain in the region.


The study investigated the effect of soaking shredded celeriac in sodium hypochlorite solutions with the Cl concentration of 100, 200, 300, 500 ppm on the quality of this stored minimally processed product. Microbiological quality of the product (total counts of mesophilic and psychrophilic bacteria; counts of moulds and yeasts; coliform bacteria counts; counts of Pseudomonas bacteria and the presence of anaerobic bacteria (Clostridium perfringens)) was assessed along with the colour in the CIE L* a* b* system and sensory attributes of the product. The product was evaluated after 1, 6 and 12 days of storage at temperature of 4°C. In the samples soaked in a solution containing 500 ppm Cl mesophilic counts were approx. 2 logs CFU/g and coliform bacteria 2.3 logs CFU/g less those on the sample soaked in distilled water (control), after 12 days of product storage. However, in the samples soaked in sodium hypochlorite solutions with a higher Cl concentration (300,400 and 500 ppm) was observed deterioration in sensory attributes.


Resumen en: There is a high incidence of depression in old age, being its prevalence higher in institutionalized elderly, which is sometimes related to the threat or...


A qualitative comparative approach has been used to review whether fish assemblage characteristics, such as paucity of lacustrine-adapted fish species, long food chains, and disproportionate number of piscivorous species, limit fishery yields in reservoirs of the Upper Parana River basin. The paucity of lacustrine-adapted species appears to limit fishery yields, but attempts to introduce lacustrine species have been generally unsuccessful. The food chains of species targeted by the fisheries are relatively long, but short food chains seem to be an adaptation of lacustrine species. Because reservoirs with many piscivorous species sustain high fishery yields elsewhere in the world, the hypothesis that an excessive number of piscivores limits yields is not supported. Instead, inadequacies of fish assemblages in reservoirs of the Upper Parana River basin appear to be symptomatic of an unsuitable environment for lacustrine fish species. The physical characteristics of reservoirs in the Upper Parana River basin, exacerbated by climatic patterns, may preclude the emergence of successful reservoir species from within the extant pool of riverine species. The resulting assemblages have characteristics that are neither riverine nor lacustrine, and are maladapted to support fisheries in the reservoirs. The introduction of lacustrine species is destined to failure because environmental characteristics are not lacustrine, except in reservoirs positioned high in the watershed, where increased retention times allow lacustrine conditions. Published in 2001 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Pathological gambling refers to a gambling behavior conducted by the individuals who can't control the impulse and then addict to gamble,which adversely affects individuals,families and society.On the basis of referring to relevant literatures,it was found that the mechanism of pathological gambling may be attributed to the interaction of three factors,including biologic,psychological and social facets.Future research should pay attention to the building of the causal model of pathological gambling,and strengthening the study of pathological gambling intervention and prevention.


TO THE EDITOR: In a recent Perspective (1), Dr. Arya Sharma and Dr. Denise Campbell-Scherer presented their opinion that obesity should be considered a disease only after the development of recognizable signs and symptoms of impaired health. Prior to the clear diagnosis of obesity-driven impairment of physical, mental, or social health, they advise medical professionals to take a "watch-and-wait approach." This stance is in direct opposition to prevention science and is dangerous to the public's health.


"One of the 20th century's most influential books" (Time), Sir James George Frazer's masterwork, The Golden Bough, has become the classic study of the origins of magic and religion. Here is a brilliantly illustrated abridgement of the 12-volume masterpiece that includes 200 illustrations, 100 in color. Large format.


A compact graphics terminal for use as the input to a computerized medical records system is described. The principal mode of communication between the terminal and the records system is by checklists and menu selection. However, the terminal accepts short, handwritten messages as well as conventional alphanumeric input. The terminal consists of an electronic tablet, a display, a microcomputer controller, a character generator, and a refresh memory for the display. An Intel SBC 80/10 microcomputer controls the flow of information and a 16 kilobyte memory stores the point-by-point array of information to be displayed. A specially designed interface continuously generates the raster display without the intervention of the microcomputer.


A 53-year-old woman presented with dysphagia for 2 months. She denied any acid regurgitation or heartburn symptoms. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed no abnormal findings. However, bird-beak appearance of the distal esophagus was noticed on the esophagography. For evaluation of esophageal motility disorders, she underwent esophageal high resolution manometry (HRM). On the HRM, the integrated relaxation pressure was elevated and accompanied by compartmentalized esophageal pressurization, while esophageal body peristalsis, distal contractile integral, and distal latency were normal (Figure A). According to the Chicago classification (CC),1 she was diagnosed with esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction (EGJOO).1 The patient's dysphagia was tolerable without specific treatment. However, the dysphagia became aggravated 1 year later. She underwent esophagography and HRM again. On the HRM, panesophageal pressurization with failed lower esophageal sphincter relaxation was noticed (Figure B). According to the CC she was diagnosed as type 2 achalasia. After pneumatic balloon dilatation, her symptoms improved (Eckardt score, 1).


Background. Many video games make use of particle effects to portray magic abilities known as spells. Different spells may have large variation in behaviour and colour. Aside from their different a ...


With the growing mobile communication network service requirements and the growing shortage of spectrum resources, D2D emerges as the times require. Due to the short transmission distance, introducing D2D into the cellular mobile communication network can receive fewer base station loads, higher transmission rates, lower latency and less transmit power. The D2D users share the radio resources of the cellular users by multiplexing. As a result of that, the spectral efficiency is improved. Firstly, this article mainly analyzes the problem of beamforming and power distribution when the D2D users and the cellular users exist in the MIMO cellular system simultaneously. Secondly, in order to enable each D2D user to be assigned the optimal beamforming vector and power distribution ratio, furthermore, maximize the effectiveness function of the D2D users, joint optimization of beamforming and power allocation based on Game Theory is provided according to the perfect CSI feedback of D2D users. Finally, it is proved that the effectiveness function satisfies the Nash equilibrium with the perfect CSI feedback through the established Game model.


Dentinal molar fissure caries in Liverpool albino rats, produced by initial exposure to dietary sucrose, could be significantly reversed by subsequent exposure to a xylitol-supplemented starch diet (X


This study focuses on the notion of Perceived Service Complexity (PSC). PSC captures "the difficulty to assimilate the service delivery process, as perceived by frontline employees (FLEs)" and is conceptualized through the development and validation of a multidimensional construct consisting of three factors (Task-Related, Customer-Derived, "Service Nature"-Derived Complexity). The findings add to the organizational frontline literature on how aspects of FLEs' working environment shape their ability to assimilate service delivery and perform their roles during the service encounter. Managerial practice can be informed of the distinct elements that shape PSC and of its ramifications for designing service delivery systems for different types of service.


The present invention provides a new presentation of coumarin and its derivatives. More specifically, the invention relates to coumarin spherules and / or derivatives. The invention also relates to the preparation of said spherules. The characteristic of the method of the invention is to melt the coumarin and / or its derivatives, then fragmenting the droplets in the melt and solidifying the droplets obtained in a gaseous cooling current so that they solidify into spherules which are then recovered.


The mechanistic aspects of the electrochemical reduction of phenacylthio- and selenocyanates have been studied. With phenacylthiocyanates (1), a change in the reductive cleavage mechanism is observed as a function of the substituent on the phenyl ring. While a stepwise mechanism involving the intermediacy of a radical anion is followed for substrates bearing a strong electron withdrawing group, such as cyano and nitro substituent (1d, 1e), and a concerted mechanism is favoured for compounds bearing an electron-donating or no substituent on the phenyl ring (1a–c). A regioselective bond cleavage leads to the fragmentation of the CH2–S bond with all compounds 1a–e, further yielding the corresponding 1,4-diketone (3) as products. Contrastingly, with phenacylselenocyanates (2), two different reductive cleavages occur involving the breaking of both the CH2–Se and Se–CN bonds. Several products are obtained, all coming from nucleophilic attack at the α (phenacyl) carbon or the selenium atom.


This paper deals with the problem of astrometric determination of the orbital elements of the outer planets, in particular by assessing the ability of astrometric observations to detect perturbations of the sort expected from the Pioneer effect or other small perturbations to gravity. We also show that while using simplified models of the dynamics can lead to some insights, one must be careful to not oversimplify the issues involved lest one be misled by the analysis onto false paths. Specifically, we show that the current ephemeris of Pluto does not preclude the existence of the Pioneer effect. We show that the orbit of Pluto is simply not well enough characterized at present to make such an assertion. A number of misunderstandings related to these topics have now propagated through the literature and have been used as a basis for drawing conclusions about the dynamics of the solar system. Thus, the objective of this paper is to address these issues. Finally, we offer some comments dealing with the complex topic of model selection and comparison.


Introduction: In Portugal, the Institute of Water (INAG) [1] is responsible for the implementation of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD), which started in the 1990's to restructure national water resources monitoring, comprising meteorological, hydrometric and sedimentological networks. Currently there are no publicly available data from the sedimentological network, but there will be information on the quantity and quality of riverbed and suspended sediments. For pollutantsediment dynamics at the catchment scale there are few integrated studies in Portugal, especially in the Douro River basin, as mentioned in the Report on the SedNet Round Table Discussion (2007) [2]. Our contribution presents the methodology to assess sediment quality, in terms of Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Cu, Pb and Zn contents, in a mountainous meso-scale river basin. The study area, the River Corgo catchment up to the gauge station Ermida, with an area of 295 km, is located in Northeast Portugal, in the transboundary Douro river basin (Fig.1). The altitudes vary between 200-1400 m. The bedrock is composed of crystalline rocks and the land use is mainly forest and agriculture, with scattered urban settlements.


The differences of instantaneous frequency (IF) characteristics between the defect echo and the noise can be used to detect defect and suppress noise for ultrasonic testing signal. Therefore, the IF is one of the important instantaneous parameters of ultrasonic testing signal. To estimate the IF of ultrasonic testing signals more effectively, the peak of time-frequency representation (TFR) from matching pursuits (MP) decomposition is proposed. The performances of IF estimators are compared on the simulated signals at different signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the real ultrasonic testing signal. The simulation results present that the proposed method can estimate accurate IF at different SNR.


Objective To study interictal sleep structures of benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes(BECTS). Methods Whole night polysomnagraphy was performed in 23 BECTS children and 23 healthy children,and compared with the differences of their sleep structures. Results Total recording time, the percentage of S1 sleep,the percentage of S3 sleep of BECTS group were longer than those of control group. The percentage of S2 sleep, sleep efficiency of BECTS group were shorter than those of control group. Conclusion Sleep structures of BECTS children were disorder. Waking time and light sleeping time(S1)were prolonged, and sleep efficiency was shortened.

Key words:
Benign epilepsy of childhood with centro-temporal spikes ; Sleep structure


We present a miniaturized multi-channel NIRS imaging system for functional brain imaging in unrestrained settings suitable for any aspect of the head. Performance is demonstrated in a motor execution paradigm performed during bicycle riding.


Anisotropic etching characteristics of (111)-oriented silicon in alkaline solutions was studied. Through a spoke pattern, it was found that (110) planes have the highest etching rate rather than high-index ones such as (211) or (331). With a round open, the final emergent periphery is hexagonal. The six sidewalls are defined by other (111) facets from its crystal geometry with three inclining angles of 70.5 degrees and another three declining angles of 109.5 degrees. The etched bottom surface morphology was also investigated by SEM pictures observation. Results show that aqueous KOH solution results in smooth surface due to its higher etching rate of residual oxide existed in the silicon, while the other etchants such as hydrazine (N2H4) and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) induce seriously wavy roughness. As an application example, floating single-crystal silicon (c-Si) structures were fabricated with some potential functions as thermopile, silicon bolometer, mass flow transducer and other force microsensors.


1. Brown FM. Urine cytology. Is it still the gold standard for screening? Urol Clin North Am 2000;27:25–37. 2. Dini LA, Frean JA. Clinical significance of mites in urine. J Clin Microbiol 2005;43:6200–1. 3. Procop GW, Mendez JC, Schneider SK, Rosenblatt JE. Diagnostic value of a miracidium in urinary sediment. Diagn Cytopathol 1999;20:34–7. 4. Morse EV. Paralytic shellfish poisoning: a review. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1977;171:1178–80. 5. Inagaki Y, Hayashi-Ishimaru Y, Ehara M, Igarashi I, Ohama T. Algae or protozoa: phylogenetic position of euglenophytes and dinoflagellates as inferred from mitochondrial sequences. J Mol Evol 1997;45:295–300. 6. Martı́nez-Girón R, Ribas-Barceló A. An unusual protozoon as a contaminant in a sputum smear. Acta Cytol 2006;50:354.


On publication in 1991 Ben Okri's 'The Famished Road' was considered as a new departure in West African Anglophone fiction. This paper will seek to establish the novelty of the work by relating it to the literary and socio-political context out of which it emerged. This will lead to an examination of the evolution of the African writer's role against the swiftly evolving and increasingly conflictual background of contemporary postcolonial studies.


ABSTRACT

Sinter rotary forging is one of the prominent sinter forming processes, where a fixed bottom die and a moveable/rotating top punch come together to form complex geometric sintered work pieces having high dimensional and shape accuracy. The decisive factors are density of preform, lubrication conditions at die-work-piece interface, flow stress of sintered material and factors related to forging equipment such as axial and angular speed and contact time under load. The sinter rotary forging technique is advantageous than conventional sinter forging technique, as the average load required to carry out the deformation is considerably low due to small contact area. In the present paper theoretical and experimental analysis of the indentation of the sinter rotary forging technique using a rotary forging die set having conical upper die and flat lower die has been done. The work includes the estimation of conical contact area indented by the conical upper die over the preform, formulation of velocity field, strain rates, internal energy dissipation, frictional energy dissipation and average indentation forging load during indentation phase of the deformation has been done.


The article is of an overview nature. The article makes an attempt to analyze the current state of the hotel business in Ukraine. The article makes an attempt to generalize the existing in the world classifications of hotels depending on the provision of quality of services. The data of 10 countries with the highest prices for hotel services are given. The classification of types of hotel accommodation is given. It is determined that in some countries the assignment of a class of hotel services and the definition of the standards of this service to the nagatory of state bodies (ministries and departments). The models of hotel classification are given and it is determined that the most common are the European system, the Asian-African system, the American and the Greek. It is concluded that the Ukrainian hotel business system is based on the European system of classification of hotel services, but at the same time compliance with all norms and requirements in accordance with this system is almost not observed. In Ukraine they try to combine the experience of the European and American sith, namely, the hotel chains are being formed following the example of the American, and they are assigned the type of "stars" as European hotels. Unfortunately for 27 years in Ukraine there was not created an independent agency for observing the quality of hotel services, which would be a counterbalance for UkrSEPRO and the results of high ratings of which would be for Ukraine's hotels prerogative.


The Flinders Ranges form one of the most seismically active zones within the Australian continent with seismogenic strain rates over the last 30 years of ∼10−16 s−1. Active deformation in the region reflects late Neogene increases in stress levels in the Indo‐Australian plate as a response to increased plate boundary forcing from collision zones with the neighboring Asian and Pacific plates. Geological and geophysical observations suggest two modes of active deformation in operation in the Flinders Ranges over the last several million years: (1) low‐amplitude (∼200–500 m), long‐wavelength (∼200 km) lithospheric flexure and (2) active reverse faulting along the range front with fault slip rates of up to ∼50 m Myr−1. Numerical models are developed to explore the contribution of each of these deformation modes to the observed geophysical signals. An elastic mode of deformation is suggested by a distinctive long‐wavelength positive correlation between gravity and topography in which the Flinders Ranges are bordered by anomalous topographic and gravity lows, now occupied by playa‐lake systems, centered some 50 km outboard of range‐bounding faults. Numerical models show that flexural instabilities localized by vertical loads arising from older tectonic structuring produce a first‐order match with observed topography and gravity. Numerical models are also used to illustrate how the localized failure evident in the contemporary seismicity and Quaternary faulting record within the Flinders Ranges reflects thermal weakening associated with extraordinary concentrations of heat producing elements in the crust, as reflected in modern‐day heat flows of ∼90 mW m−2.


Odinet for their careful review and thoughtful comments. I would also like to thank the LSU Law Center for its generous research support and LSU 2012] The Sliding Scale Approach to Unconscionability 3 INTRODUCTION Cell phones. Home mortgages. Online music. Health insurance. Vacation packages. Employment. Standard form contracts are used to secure luxuries and necessities alike. Indeed, nearly every written transaction carried out by Americans today is governed by a standardized form. 1 Standard forms are ubiquitous, but hardly innocuous. In fact, form contracts are rife with the potential for abuse. Their nature and universality permit drafters to impose any number of onerous terms on unwary consumers, including arbitration agreements, class action waivers, liquidated damages provisions, warranty disclaimers, exculpatory clauses, and choice-of-law provisions. 2 Form contracts even empower drafters to shift risks at will, often without warning, through unilateral change-of-terms clauses—an increasingly common favorite of credit card issuers, banks, utility companies, and a host of other merchants and service providers. 3 Although essential to the American economy, form contracts expose consumers to a parade of one-sided, risk-and rights-shifting provisions. The potential for abuse inherent in form contracting is intensified both by consumer behavior and by market forces at work in consumer transactions. A wealth of legal and interdisciplinary scholarship has definitively established that meaningful, voluntary assent to standardized terms is an impossibility, as consumers are largely unable to understand the contracts that they sign and are virtually powerless to find better terms elsewhere in the market. 4 Experts have long acknowledged that consumers do not read form contracts before signing them, 5 and have recently come to better understand the more fundamental, and sobering, truths about standard contracts: consumers who actually read consumer contracts do not understand them, either


This chapter provides a qualitative review of treatment outcome studies of rational-emotive therapy (RET; Ellis, 1962) and a variant of RET, systematic rational restructuring (SRR; Goldfried, Decenteceo, & Weinberg, 1974). We have organized studies according to the type of problem or disorder being treated. This should maximize the utility of the information for clinical decision-making. Confronted with a client of Type X, what can existing data say about the likely utility of a rational-emotive treatment? Although communication might be best served by fitting problems into DSM-III (American Psychiatric Association, 1980) categories (Kazdin, 1986b), many outcome studies of RET and SRR resist such classification, either because the subjects were subclinical or because the target problem is not a DSM-III category.


A new method of recognizing point-shaped symbols of maps based on distance transformation is presented.Firstly, numeric character is picked up through the distance of key point between two numeric characters.Secondly, three measures is given to dispose the distortion of point-shaped symbols.The application results show that this algorithm can be applied to identify rotated or distortional symbols in the condition of complex background, and the identification accuracy is satisfactory.


This research aims to review the legislative works of the 19th National Assembly (2012-2016), focused on the criminal justice bills. By studying the accomplishment and limits of such legislations, it is expected to clarify principles for systematic legislation and to propose measures for effective law-making in the field of crime prevention and criminal justice. The research begins with introduction on the necessity of reviewing criminal justice bills, which are ever more increasing during the 19th term of the National Assembly. Those bills reflect the political and social situations of criminal justice policy. Chapter 2 analyses statistical data on the criminal justice bills proposed by National Assemblymen, which show the general idea on the legislative works of the 19th National Assembly. Chapter 3 compares the support systems on legislation both in Korea and the US : National Assembly Research Service and US Congressional Research Service. Chapter 4 analyses those amendment bills of the Criminal Act and Criminal Procedure Act. This is followed by chapter 5, which deals with bills of special criminal laws, especially Act on the Punishment of Sexual Violence and Act on the Protection of Children Against Sexual Violence. Chapter 6 also deals with those bills of special criminal laws, mainly providing criminal sanctions on the violations of administrative regulations. By conclusion, the research defines the accomplishment and limits of the legislative works of the 19 th National Assembly on the matters of criminal justice. Those bills have made efforts to adopt social changes and demands of citizens for criminal justice policies, but on the other hands have made ineffective and unprofessional bills. This research proposes some legislative principles of criminal justice based on the Constitution, and supportive system for the legislature to perform more effective and professional works.


Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof or its contractors or subcontractors. Approved for public release; further dissemination unlimited.


The Revised National Curriculum Statement (RNCS) aims to develop the full potential of each learner as a citizen of a democratic South Africa. It seeks to create a lifelong learner who is confident and independent, literate, numerate, and multi-skilled, compassionate, with a respect for the environment and the ability to participate in a society as a critical and active citizen (DoE, 2002:08). The aim of this study was to investigate educators' views concerning the implementation of environmental education in the RNCS. It also seeks to identify difficulties/challenges, which they experience in implementing Environmental Education (EE) in line with the RNCS. The data was collected using qualitative techniques of lesson observations and focus groups interviews and the study was conducted in Mpumalanga province, Gert Sibande Region, with four schools in four different circuits. The findings indicate that most educators are happy about the new curriculum and the environment as an integral approach in the RNCS, but that they still need to learn more about dealing with the EE in the curriculum. It was found that educators are eager to learn, hence the majority indicated that they still need more workshops on environmental learning and RNCS. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that curriculum implementers and subject advisors take the leading role in ensuring that EE is well implemented in the RNCS. The main findings are that teachers are happy with EE in the RNCS, but that there is a need for support programmes for the RNCS and for the implementation of EE in the RNCS.


This paper presents a tool that forms part of an emotional first aid approach to prevent or reduce escalation of emotional and behavioural difficulties for young people who are facing threatening situations andother overwhehning events. PAIN is an acronym designed to help workers, carers and young people learn and remember the value of: Predicting and Preparing; Acknowledging feelings; Informing and Nurturing and Noticing. It is not an intervention approach in itself but a tool to support those at risk of becoming increasingly dysregulated. It has been developed out of practice experience and informed by theories regarding development, attachment and trauma. It has been applied in a variety of settings including child protection, residential care, youth justice and primary health settings. This paper presents on the development, rationale and application of the tool and aims ·to encourage discussion regarding this and other approaches that emerge from practice.


e16515Background: PC remains standard first-line (1L) therapy for aUC. Approximately 15% of pts exhibit primary resistance (P-R) to PC and ∼25% progress by 4 months. PD(L)1 inhibitors yield objecti...


We prove tight bounds on the site percolation threshold for $k$-uniform hypergraphs of maximum degree $\Delta$ and for $k$-uniform hypergraphs of maximum degree $\Delta$ in which any pair of edges overlaps in at most $r$ vertices. The hypergraphs that achieve these bounds are hypertrees, but unlike in the case of graphs, there are many different $k$-uniform, $\Delta$-regular hypertrees. Determining the extremal tree for a given $k, \Delta, r$ involves an optimization problem, and our bounds arise from a convex relaxation of this problem. By combining our percolation bounds with the method of disagreement percolation we obtain improved bounds on the uniqueness threshold for the hard-core model on hypergraphs satisfying the same constraints. Our uniqueness conditions imply exponential weak spatial mixing, and go beyond the known bounds for rapid mixing of local Markov chains and existence of efficient approximate counting and sampling algorithms. Our results lead to natural conjectures regarding the aforementioned algorithmic tasks, based on the intuition that uniqueness thresholds for the extremal hypertrees for percolation determine computational thresholds.


Integrated circuit (IC) device includes a first and second major opposing sides, a substrate with one or more edges defining an outer periphery of the substrate. The substrate may be a semiconductor material. IC devices, one or more transducers located on the first major side of the substrate, and, further have the attenuation pattern formed on at least one of the one or more second major side surface and edge of the substrate It can be.


The microwave assisted reaction between a chalcone, an acetophenone and guanidine as alternative ammonia source provides a simple one-pot access to 2,4,6-triarylpyridines (III).


In evolutionary multi-objective optimization (EMO), one important procedure is to remove all dominated solutions from a solution set (e.g., solutions in an archive) to obtain an approximated Pareto front, which is called a static nondominance problem. Recently, an unbounded external archive (UEA) is used in EMO algorithms in many studies to store all solutions examined during the evolutionary process. In these studies, the candidate set in the static nondominance problem includes all the examined solutions. Although many methods have been proposed to solve the static nondominance problem, the dominated solution removal is still time-consuming for a large-scale candidate set. To tackle this issue, we propose a simple and general two-phase procedure to improve the efficiency of existing dominated solution removal methods. In the first phase of our procedure, a large-scale candidate set is divided into several subsets. Dominated solutions are removed from each subset independently, and remaining solutions are merged. In the second phase, dominated solutions are removed from the merged set. Compared with directly removing all dominated solutions from the candidate set, our experimental results show that the proposed two-phase procedure can drastically decrease the computation time when the percentage of nondominated solutions in the candidate set is small.


In this paper the behaviour against pitting corrosion of different samples of AA5083 aluminium alloy has been studied. A correlation between the microstructure of the samples and their susceptibility to pitting has been established. Metallographic analysis combined with SEM and EDS techniques have allowed us to detect three intermetallic compounds in the samples. The particle size distribution and surface density of each intermetallic phase have been evaluated for the three AA5083 alloy samples coming from different suppliers. Significant differences in the microstructure of the three samples have been found. Full immersion test carried out in 3.5% aerated aqueous solutions showed that pitting starts at the locations of the Al 6 (MnFe) intermetallic particles. As a consequence of this, the samples with higher Al 6 (MnFe) content showed a higher pit density on its surface. The results of cyclic polarisation tests showed also a good correlation with the microstructural parameters.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the deepening understanding of the diverging pollution prevention (PP) and occupational and safety practices undertaken in the Mexican maquiladora industry. Design/methodology/approach – This study was outlined by a modified version of the PP Program based on a continuous improvement cycle, which identifies areas of opportunity and then, proposes ideas for solving problems. This study was carried out based merely on a quantitative approach. However, when this was not possible, parameters were determined under a qualitative or semi-quantitative approach. Findings – Findings in this study have proven that Cleaner Production and Pollution Prevention (CPP therefore, they should not be seem only as an environmental tool but as a sustainability tool that have the potential to make possible the creation of a sustainable production system in the maquiladora...


Heterogeneous computing on tightly-integrated CPU-GPU systems is ubiquitous, and to increase programmability, many of these systems support virtual address accesses from GPU hardware. However, there is no free lunch. Supporting virtual memory entails address translations on every memory access, which greatly impacts performance (about 77% performance degradation on average). To mitigate this overhead, we propose a software-transparent, practical GPU virtual cache hierarchy. We show that a virtual cache hierarchy is an effective GPU address translation bandwidth filter. We make several empirical observations advocating for GPU virtual caches: (1) mirroring CPUstyle memory management unit in GPUs is not effective, because GPU workloads show very high Translation Lookaside Buffer (TLB) miss ratio and high miss bandwidth. (2) many requests that miss in TLBs find corresponding valid data in the GPU cache hierarchy. (3) The GPU's accelerator nature simplifies implementing a deep virtual cache hierarchy (i.e., fewer virtual address synonyms and homonyms). We evaluate both L1-only virtual cache designs and an entire virtual cache hierarchy (private L1s and a shared L2 caches). We find that virtual caching on GPUs considerably improves performance. Our experimental evaluation shows that the proposed entire GPU virtual cache design significantly reduces the overheads of virtual address translation providing an average speedup of 1.77× over a baseline physically cached system. L1-only virtual cache designs show modest performance benefits (1.35× speedup). By using a whole GPU virtual cache hierarchy, we can obtain additional performance benefits.


The present invention provides for the treatment of immune disorders and / or autoimmune disorders, therapies tolerogenic Treg cells nanoparticles are linked. In certain embodiments, the present invention is type 1 diabetes, lupus erythematosus (SLE), multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), rheumatoid arthritis, oophoritis, and graft versus after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation including autoimmune pathology associated with host disease (GvHD), but not limited to, it can be used in autoimmune disease prevention and / or treatment.


Curriculum reform in post-Apartheid South Africa is conducted under the rubric of multicultural education, which itself is a conceptual cluster derived from the complex history of liberal thinking about both political and epistemological issues. In this article, it is argued that proposals for the future of literary education in South Africa can only be consistent with multicultural tenets if it incorporates the kinds of texts and perspectives that are at variance with our common understanding of the constitutive values of contemporary liberal and progressive society. This means that texts classified as, for example, 'racist' and 'sexist' must be given serious consideration in literary syllabi. Without such representations, which have been serious contenders in the literary portrayal of political, social and personal relationships, influencing and consolidating the perceptions of past South African and other societies, and which provide challenging antitheses to the current liberal and progressive climate, there can be no veritable dialogue and personal reevaluation in the educational context. Failure to confront the history of such racist and sexist cultural legacies because they are incompatible with the prevalent, contemporary aversion for such sentiments is educationally irresponsible, for it deprives the students in a modern, liberal democracy of the opportunity to consider and assess the lineage of our current political and cultural values. Without a sustained encounter with alternatives that challenge the current consensus and engage the students in conflictual considerations, there can be no veritable multiculturalism, no cognizance of the diversity, difference and incompatibility around which a liberal political order is constituted, justified and fortified. The implementation of such a programme is necessarily ambitious. It would have to confront the problem of the volume of material that students are expected to cover. In order to address the spectrum of cultural diversity and its concomitant conflict, teachers would perhaps have to rely more on short stories than on complete novels and plays. One hopes that if the educational point about the range and strategy of multicultural approaches is embraced, then an appropriate solution to the problem of the materials will be found. This programme also alerts curriculum planners to the crucial domain of teacher training, for it is the teachers who are the cardinal component in the presentation of such a teaching strategy. Their intellectual range, cognitive versatility and pedagogical skill would have to be extended; the essential contribution to teacher training programmes must be acknowledged and expedited if such proposals are to be realised.


This book complements the first volume in the series, on case-control studies, and the two together provide a comprehensive account of the analysis of the major types of study in cancer epidemiology. In addition, this volume has a chapter on study design, covering both the case-control and cohort approach. The scope ranges from an account of the elementary and descriptive approaches to cohort analysis to the fitting of regression models for incidence rates with general risk functions. Particular attention is given to the use of a case-control approach embedded in a cohort study. As in the first volume, all the methods described are illustrated by examples from real studies, and the data from these studies are provided in appendices to enable the reader to go through the computations themselves. The book is intended for the medical epidemiologist with an interest in the quantitative aspects of the subject, and the statistician who is looking for a reasonably complete development of the statistical concepts and methods in current use in this area of epidemiology, as well as medical epidemiologists; statisticians; oncologists; students in biostatistics and related fields.


Citation for this article: Korth, W. W. 2017. First record of Hesperopetes Emry and Korth, 2007 (Rodentia, Sciuridae), from the Orellan (early Oligocene). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2017.1318890.


I show that the mutual consistency of the Bekenstein Bound, the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, and general relativity implies that the universe began in a unique state. I solve the coupled EYM equations for this unique state, show how the horizon problem is solved, and how SM baryogenesis naturally results from the triangle anomoly. Since the SU(2) winding number state is thus non-zero, the universe is not in the QCD ground state, and this plausibly yields a (small) positive cosmological constant. Since the initial state is unique, it is necessarily homogeneous and isotropic, as required by the Bekenstein Bound. Wheeler-DeWitt quantization implies an $S^3$ cosmology must be very close to flat if the universe is to be classical today. I show that the spectrum of any classical gauge field (or interacting massless scalar field) in a FRW universe necessarily obeys the Wien displacement law and the corresponding quantized field the Planck distribution law with the reciprocal of the scale factor playing the role of temperature, even if the fields have zero temperature. Thus the CBR could even today be a pure SU(2) electroweak field at zero temperature coupled to the Higgs field, in spite of early universe inverse double Compton and thermal bremsstrahlung.Such a CBR would not couple to right-handed electrons, and this property can be detected with a Penning trap or even using the late 1960's CBR detector with appropriate filters. I argue that ultrahigh energy (UHE) Genesisf.tex Genesisf.tex cosmic ray protons would not produce pions by interacting with such a CBR, and thus the existence of such protons may constitute an observation of this CBR property.


The building of university students' dorm culture is an important part of university students' ideological and moral construction.To promote and strengthen "the building of dorm culture" is a necessary and important method to strengthen efficient management and to improve university students' ideological and moral construction.Based on "three in one" education mode which is raised by the Party Committee of Huaihua University,department of Physics and Electronic Information seriously implemented the work of dorm responsibility demonstration area,namely Sunny Management Platform,set student Party members and cadres as models to follow up in environment education,set goals for assessment of the building of dorm culture,in order to improve learning atmosphere and university's education quality by dorm management.


"Social exclusion" has increasingly replaced the term "underclass" in social policy debates. Regardless of changes in terminology many of the assumptions that informed the underclass debate remain. These focus on the role of cultural values in transmitting dependent modes of behaviour that have a corrosive impact on the work ethic of the poor. This article begin s by exploring the government's current conceptualisation of "social exclusion" as exclusion from paid employment an d how this has shaped the appropriate policy response. Following from this, the article will present ethnographic research that examines the responses of a sample of residents on a South London estate to the economic insecurities that they face. These insecurities are intensified by an increasingly coercive welfare system that emphasises "supply side" measures as a panacea for social exclusion. As previous field studies have indicated, man y have developed alternative solution s to economic marginality (MacDonald, 1994). At a situational level these may appear more attractive than the more formal routes currently offered. While broadly supportive of the promotion of education and training policies, many felt that these objectives are frequently compromised by more immediate concerns which are located in the respondent's perceptions of social exclusion. From this perspective, such notions may differ markedly from the rather limited version of "social exclusion" that is currently guiding the direction of welfare reform, suggesting the need for a broader definition of social exclusion that en compasses the standards an d lifestyles of the surrounding community (Townsend, 1979).


Objective: To explore the clinical manifestations and risk factors of ischemic colitis( IC). Method: The clinical data of ischemic colitis patients in our hospital were retrospectively analysed,to explore risk factors for incidence in patients. Result: Hypertension( OR = 6.872,95%CI = 2.319-20.364), increased TG( OR = 3.429,95%CI = 1.826-6.439),diabetes( OR = 4.418,95%CI = 2.013-9.696), atrial fibrillation( OR = 2.932,95% CI = 1.526- 5.633) were risk factors for IC patients,the predicted ROC curve area occurrence of ischemic colitis were 0.889,0.727,0.773,0.701. Conclusion: The clinical should give height to take seriously in patients with atrial fibrillation,hyperlipidemia,diabetes mellitus,hypertension in patients with underlying diseases,It is the key to diagnose early by colonoscopy and pathological examination.


Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy, predictability, safety, and intraoperative and postoperative complications of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) retreatment in myopic eyes using wavefront-guided ablation with iris registration (IR). Methods: Retrospective analysis was used to evaluate wavefront-guided retreatment with IR in a consecutive cohort of 77 eyes (57 patients) after LASIK. The eyes were divided into two groups: no previous retreatment group (group 1) (n = 63) and previous LASIK retreatment group (group 2) (n = 14). The primary outcome variables assessed postoperatively at 1, 3, and 6 months were uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and pre- and postretreatment changes in manifest refraction. Results: The mean preretreatment spherical equivalent in group 1 was reduced from −0.5 ± 1.0 diopter (D) (range −3 to 2.4) to 0.06 ± 0.3 (range −0.9 to 0.6) (P < 0.002) at 6 months. In group 2, the mean preretreatment spherical equivalent was reduced from −0.9 ± 1.24D (range −3.1 to −0.5) to 0.04 ± 0.5 (range −1.0 to 1.1) (P < 0.049) at 6 months. At 6 months, UCVA was 20/20 or better in 92% in group 1 and 64% in group 2, of patients, respectively. No eyes lost more than one line of BCVA in group 1 and one eye (7%) lost two lines of BCVA in group 2. Conclusion: Wavefront-guided LASIK retreatment with IR after LASIK is an effective, predictable, and safe procedure in cases requiring a single retreatment. In contrast, eyes with previous retreatments showed less predictability and lower percentage of eyes with postoperative 20/20 UCVA.


An important significance for reconstruction of the climate of early and middle Pleistocene in Azerbaijan has the study of vegetation on the basis of which was determined that during the early and middle Pleistocene had taken place three fall of temperatures (glaciation) and interglacial rise of temperatures. The first and second rise of temperatures took place at the beginning and end of early Pleistocene, but third fall of temperature in the second half of middle Pleistocene. Interglacial rise of temperature corresponds with the middle of early and first half of middle Pleistocene.


With the integration of new power production technologies and the growing focus on dispersed production, there has been a paradigm change in the electricity sector, mostly under a renewable and sustainable way. Consequentially, challenges for profitability as well as correct management of the electricity sector have increased its complexity. The use of forecasting tools that allow a real and robust approach makes it possible to improve system operation and thus minimizing costs associated with the activities of the electric sector. Hence, the forecasting approaches have an essential role in all stages of the electricity markets. In this paper, a hybrid probabilistic forecasting model (HPFM) was developed for short-term electricity market prices (EMP), combining Wavelet Transform (WT), hybrid particle swarm optimization (DEEPSO), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS), together with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The proposed HPFM was tested and validated with real data from the Spanish and Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland (PJM) markets, considering the next week ahead. The model was validated by comparing the results with previously published results using other methods.


The paper deals with the complex frame «cooperation in fighting (terrorism)» consisting of two social relations frames «cooperation» and «counteraction» objectified as a cognitive frame of the text. The cognitive frame is regarded as a generalized model of a referential situation. The main attention is focused on the structure of the frame and peculiarities of its actualization in political discourse of the British and American press.


This book presented many optimization algorithms specifically designed for blackbox optimization, specifically, for blackboxes that provide function values, but no first-order (gradient) or second-order (Hessian) information. At this point, a natural question arises: "which method should we use?". Before turning to this question, let us make a few comments. First, if first-order information is available, then an algorithm that makes use of it will (almost) always outperform a derivative-free method. Second, the algorithms presented in this book do not include all of the most advanced methods in derivative-free optimization (DFO). Rather, they are a selection of the foundational algorithms of DFO. It is our hope that understanding the methods in this book will provide the necessary background to study, research, and apply modern DFO. Returning to the appendix's principal question "which method should we use?", it should be clear that the algorithm that is best on one problem may not be the best on a different problem. While there will certainly never be a universal winner, there can be great value in comparing two or more methods and trying to determine which method might "work best" for a given set of problems. If the test set of problems is representative of a particular application, then it is reasonable to assume that the "best" method for the


Introduction:
 The intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) score is a widely used scoring system for predicting mortality in patients with ICH. This score has been validated for use in adults of all ages with ICH, but not specifically for use in populations of young adults (age 18-45). We aimed to determine the validity of the ICH score when applied to young adults with ICH.

 Methods:
 This was a retrospective analysis of all patients aged 18-45 with spontaneous ICH consecutively admitted to our institution from 2009-2019. We calculated the ICH score for each patient, recording the individual subcomponents, and analyzed the scores for prediction of mortality at 30 days. We also analyzed the individual subcomponents of the score for effect on mortality.

 Results:
 We identified 156 patients (mean age 35 +/- 7.8; 67 were female, 103 were white) to include in our study. The 30-day mortality rate was 15% (n=24); these patients had a mean age of 34.9 +/- 7.8, compared to survivors who had mean age 35.4 +/- 7.8 (p=0.797). ICH scores were predictive of mortality (p=0.036 for trend); however, the actual mortality rates in our population were substantially lower than those predicted by the ICH score. Specifically, patients in our population with scores of 1, 2, or 3 had 30-day mortality rates of 0%, 3%, and 41%, compared to the current ICH score mortality predictions of 13%, 26%, and 72%, respectively. Scores of 4 and 5 in our population were more closely aligned to current ICH predictions (85% and 100% compared to 97% and 100%, respectively). Of the ICH score subcomponents, ICH volume >30mL (p=0.007) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 3 or 4 (p=0.014) were the strongest predictors of mortality at 30 days.

 Conclusion:
 The ICH score is predictive of mortality for adults of all ages, but the specific mortality rates associated with this scoring system vary considerably when applied to young adults (age 18-45). This over-estimation should be taken into consideration when applying the predictions of the ICH score to young adults with ICH; additionally, special attention should be given to ICH volume >30mL and very low GCS scores, as these were the strongest predictors of early mortality.


Evidence provided by the scientific community strongly suggests that limits should be placed on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.2 This means that states, firms, and individuals will have to face potentially serious burdens if they are to implement these limits. Which principles of justice should guide a global regime aimed at reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions originating from human activities, and most notably from C02 emissions? This is both a crucial and difficult question. Admittedly, perhaps this question is too ambitious, given the uncertainties and complexities characterizing the issue of climate change. Yet, rather than listing them all at this stage,J let us address the question in a straightforward manner, introducing some of these complexities as the need arises.


Cordyceps sinensis(Berk)Sacc.is a compound of fungous seat and larval body.It is formed after Claviceps purpurea parasitize hepiolus armorieanus.It is an especial China species distributed in Sichuan,Qinghai,Tibet and Yunnan etc.Its producing area altitude is higher and near snow line.It is a kind of famous and traditional medicinal materials.Cordyceps sinesis has the effect on raising immunity,calming,lowering blood sugar,resisting arrhythmia and caducity preventing and curing kidney exhaustion and liver fibrosis.


For UO2 and (U, Pu)O2, many workers(1) have determined melting points by use of a filament in situ measurement. However, it is indicated that temperature measurement for this technique may be influenced by the high vapor pressure of the specimen at high temperature and the oxygen-to-metal ratio may also change during heating of the filament(2)(4). Thereafter, a thermal arrest technique has been newly developed(2) using specimen enclosed in a sealed tungsten capsule to maintain the stoichiometric composition at the melting.


Since human being comes into being,human being lives with nature.The relation between nature and human being varies all along.For many kinds of relation of two sides,the author thinks the key relation is that nature provides habitat for human being' spirit.Nature is the object which human being symbolizes morality by,movesfelling into,grasps the truth by。Meanwhile nature contains abundant meanings for human being' spirit habits in it,and becomes beautiful.


Research center of medical ecology ESSC Russian academy of medical sciences, Irkutsk State institute of Physician' Training, Irkutsk A group of the patients of Russian population and buryat population with diabetes mellitus 1 type has been examined. Researches of indices of lipid peroxidation processes and the systems of antioxidant protection in blood serum. The patients of Russian population have the activation of lipid peroxidation and status changes nonenzimatic mechanisms of antioxidant protection.


Recent studies have shown that users of GUIs make fewer mistakes, feel less frustrated, suffer less fatigue and are more able to learn for themselves about the operation of new packages than users of non-graphical or character-based user interfaces. On the other hand, other surveys on user interface programming show that developing a GUI is a very complex task, that in today's applications a considerable amount of resources (time and effort) are devoted to the user interface portion both in the development phase and in the maintenance phase. -- This report discusses currently available toolkits and specification methods that facilitate the development of a GUI in an efficient way and compares their merits and demerits. A new solution is then proposed by developing a high-level specification language for interfaces. The proposed approach is implemented using Java/JavaCompilerCompiler (JavaCC). A simple application is also presented. -- Key Words: Graphical User Interfaces; Toolkits; Interface Specification Languages; User Interface Design.


The authors describe several types of fractures of the upper tibial extremity associating some degree of dislocation of one tibial plateau. They analyse the mechanical conditions of such fractures(axial compression with strain in the frontal plane), describe the associated (menisci, ligaments). Therapeutic conclusions are drawn.


Phishing attack is a cybercrime which will result in severe financial losses to consumers and
entrepreneurs. Typically, the phishers are fond of using fuzzy techniques during the creation
of phishing websites. They obfuscate the victims by mimicking the appearance and content of
the legitimate website. In addition, most of the websites are susceptible to the threat of
phishing attacks, including financial institutions, social networks, e-commerce, airline
websites and others. Phishers can easily earn the trust of the victim by impersonating as a
consultant in the travel agency, booking flights and hotel reservations. Therefore, it is
important to establish an intelligent gateway for browsers that can protect internet users from
visiting malicious websites. In this thesis, we proposed an approach which is based on the
website favicon to uncover the hidden identity of a website. We employ Google search by
image engine to obtain the search results specific to the website favicon. Then, we perform
feature extraction based on the search results to retrieve the website identity. Our identity
retrieval technique involves an effective mathematical model in which it could be used to
assist in retrieving the right identity from the many entries of the search results. In addition,
we also proposed additional approach which is based on the URL to examine the legitimacy
of a website. More precisely, we study the URL based on the lexical features, host-based
features and domain features. Additional approach is very useful when the website under
examination does not have a favicon. We have collected a total of 500 phishing websites
from PhishTank and 500 of the legitimate websites from Alexa Top 500 Global Websites to
verify the effectiveness of this approach. From the experimental results, our proposed
technique has achieved 97.4% true positive with only 5.4% false positive. After combining
with additional approach, our proposed technique is able to improve the false positives to
2.2%, while slightly reducing the accuracy of classifying phishing websites where we have
achieved 97% true positive.


Abstract : In conjunction with the DNA barium releases, Avefria I and II, an experiment was undertaken to determine if radio communication was possible off the base of a striated plasma created by these barium releases. A transmitting station was set up to broadcast a steady signal at two HF frequencies toward the base of the barium striations and two receiving stations listened for signal returns on the two frequencies. (The chosen geometry prevented reflections off the sides of the barium cloud from affecting the experiment). One station heard substantial returns while the other heard nothing. Data from the first station provide an estimate of the reflection cross sections for the base of the striated barium cloud. The negative result from the second station arises partly from limited sensitivity of equipment but the upper limit on cross section was less than that seen from the first station. This suggests a directional character for the signal reflected from the base of the cloud.


Owing to the incomplete and occasionally misleading published descriptions of some of Walker's species of the Membracidae, writers have not been unanimous in their opinions as to the modern genera in which such species belong. His two species of Centrotus fasciatus (List Hom. B. M., p. 1147 and id. Suppl., p. 161), Centrotus opponans (id. p. 160), Centrotus oppugnans (id. p. 160), and Centrotus humilis (id. p. 161), were unknown except C. opponans which Fowler identified as belonging to the genus Tolania . In the description of each species Walker referred to "the hind part" of the pronotum which has been interpreted as referring to the posterior process, whereas it is now known (thanks to Mr. China) that he referred to the scutellum except in one species.


This thesis proposes several new perceptually-motivated techniques to synthesize, edit and enhance depiction of three-dimensional virtual scenes. Finding algorithms that fit the perceptually economic middle ground between artistic depiction and full physical simulation is the challenge taken in this work. First, we will present three interactive global illumination rendering approaches that are inspired by perception to efficiently depict important light transport. Those methods have in common to compute global illumination in large and fully dynamic scenes allowing for light, geometry, and material changes at interactive or real-time rates. Further, this thesis proposes a tool to edit reflections, that allows to bend physical laws to match artistic goals by exploiting perception. Finally, this work contributes a post-processing operator that depicts high contrast scenes in the same way as artists do, by simulating it " seen " through a dynamic virtual human eye in real-time. Summary This thesis proposes several new perceptually-motivated techniques to synthesize, edit and enhance depiction of three-dimensional virtual scenes. Finding algorithms that fit the perceptually economic middle ground between artistic depiction and full physical simulation is the challenge taken in this work. First, we will present three interactive global illumination rendering approaches that are inspired by perception to efficiently depict important light transport. Those methods have in common to compute global illumination in large and fully dynamic scenes allowing for light, geometry, and material changes at interactive or real-time rates. Further, this thesis proposes a tool to edit reflections, that allows to bend physical laws to match artistic goals by exploiting perception. Finally, this work contributes a post-processing operator that depicts high contrast scenes in the same way as artists do by simulating it " seen " through a dynamic virtual human eye in real-time. This work starts with an introduction in Chapter 1, that motivates the subject, lists the contributions made and gives and outline of the thesis. Next a background is provided in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 reviews previous work, which is relevant for Chapter 4–8, where five novel techniques are presented in detail. The thesis is completed by a conclusion in Chapter 9 which also contains a discussion of future work. Image-space Directional Occlusion Physically plausible illumination at real-time framerates is often achieved using approximations. One popular example is ambient occlusion (AO), for which very simple and efficient implementations are used extensively in production. Recent methods approximate AO between nearby geometry in screen space (SSAO). …


In classicism, the way of making architecture followed established parameters, in contrast to modernity, which, as a result of new materials and new needs due to industrialization, sought new ways of organizing form. In this way, changes were generated in the formal criteria, resulting in modern architecture leaving aside the use of fixed rules as occurred in classicism. Terms such as architectural order, classicist type, model, among others, have been used throughout history to analyze an architectural work and have contributed to determining criteria for its analysis and study; however, they should be exempted in the investigation of modern buildings in general, since modernity, having new schemes that responded to new needs, could not fit into the concept of typology (Piñon, 2007). The type in classicism was a way of classifying buildings by function. In modern times, the classification of types from the function is not correct, instead, it sought classification of buildings by form (internal structure of the building). In order to identify formal values in Ecuadorian Modern Architecture, it is necessary to understand that these values should aspire to be universal, with criteria of form and based on experience. In this sense, a tool in this process could be the notion of the archetype, a notion that must be validated in the construction of the form, the form being the result of relating the place, the architectural program, and the construction as suggested (Gastón Guirao & Rovira Llobera, 2007). Understanding the archetype as an episode of form or the form of the type beyond its function and construction, its purpose is not to pretend to recognize the internal order of a particular project, but to identify comparative values in the construction of form in various works, differentiating clearly that relationships must be recognized, but not identifying stylistic and imposing features. Once this notion is understood, this research will focus on providing tools to recognize and identify archetypes or episodes of form in Modern Architecture through the analysis of academic buildings carried out by Quito's architect Mario Arias Salazar.


The utility model relates to a drainage tube adapter device which is applied to a drainage device used in surgical drainage. The technical scheme is as follows: the drainage tube adapter device comprises an upper adapter and a lower adapter, one end of the upper adapter is a drainage tube connecting end and the other end thereof is a disconnecting end, a through-hole is axially arranged on the upper adapter, one end of the lower adapter is a drainage tube connecting end and the other end thereof is a disconnecting end, a through-hole is axially arranged on the lower adapter, the upper adapter and the lower adapter are detachably connected through the disconnecting ends, and the through-holes of the upper and the lower adapters are communicated with each other after the upper and the lower adapters are connected. With the technical scheme, the drainage tube adapter device solves the problems of the prior art, is convenient and easy to use, has strong operability, and reduces the contact between the adapter and the external environment.


Disclosed is a method for introducing a second stereocenter into tetrahydro-β-carboline having two stereocenters using a variation of the Pictet-Spengler reaction. This method provides the desired cis- or trans-isomer in high yield and purity with short processing times.


Secret key generation (SKG) from shared randomness at two remote locations has been shown to be vulnerable to denial of service attacks in the form of jamming. Typically, such attacks are alleviated with frequency hopping/spreading techniques that rely on expansion of the system bandwidth. In the present study, energy harvesting (EH) is exploited as a novel counter-jamming approach that alleviates the need for extra bandwidth resources. Assuming the legitimate users have EH capabilities, the idea is that part of the jamming signal can potentially be harvested and converted into useful communication power. In this framework, the competitive interaction between a pair of legitimate users and a jammer is formulated as a zero-sum game. A critical transmission power for the legitimate users is identified which allows to completely characterize the unique NE of the game in closed form. Remarkably, this threshold also provides the option to effectively neutralize the jammer, i.e., prevent the jammer from carrying out the attack altogether. Through numerical evaluations, EH is shown to be a counter-jamming approach that can offer substantial gains in terms of relative SKG rates.


Introduction. In patients with erectile dysfunction (ED), inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) surgery is regarded as the gold standard treatment in medically refractory cases or where its conservative treatment options are contraindicated. Despite improvements in surgical technique and implanted materials, IPP surgery retains a substantial complication rate. The aim of the study was to record and grade the postoperative complications of IPP implantation according to a modified Clavien system. Methods. A total of 60 three-piece IPP implantations were performed between 2007 and 2013 by a single surgeon. The primary outcome was to stratify the early (first 30 days) complications into five categories using the modified Clavien-Dindo classification system. A secondary aim was to record the long-term adverse events and to identify possible factors related to complication occurrence. Results. Overall, there were 21 (35%) postoperative complications in 17 of 60 men (28.3%), with 15 adverse events occurring early after surgery. In terms of late complications, there were six (10%) major complications managed by either revision surgery or removal of the prosthesis. Conclusion. This study utilizes a validated morbidity scale thus overcoming problems of previous studies reporting IPP surgery complications. The modified Clavien classification system easily aids in assessing and comparing accurately patients' postoperative complications, thus improving management and prevention.


The Karma Kettle game allows people to experience critical scenarios of distributed energy transactions, which rely on networked batteries and algorithmic transactions. The connected kettles allow individuals to visualise the state of a local grid and choose to use, store or push energy back to the grid, receiving or losing karma points according to the degree in which their actions contribute to balancing the state of a local grid. The points, however, fluctuate according to each player's profile, which is defined based on the UK Census for energy consumption, which breaks down energy expenditure by parameters such as income, ethnicity, region, and sex. Join us to understand opportunities and critical issues raised by these systems but be careful not to get into negative Karma!


This paper demonstrates a dual-mode (DM) oscillator which simultaneously excites the fundamental and third-order modes of a micromachined, piezo-on-silicon bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator for real-time self-temperature measurement. By concurrently measuring the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) at 30 MHz (f1) and 87 MHz (f3), a beat frequency (fb) with TCF of 162 ppm/°C is extracted. Phase measurements of the third-order harmonic before and after DM excitation show signal degradation close to carrier and improvement far from carrier. This is attributed to the loaded Q of both modes and the introduction of spurious modes near resonance. In addition, the beat frequency linearity is compared over several devices with varying Q, confirming that Q of each individual mode directly affects the oscillator stability and ultimately temperature measurement accuracy.


The work is devoted to elucidation of a general mechanism of action of exomodified carbon nanospheres (CNOs – Brn nanoonions) on different physicochemical and chemmotological properties of ethanol motor fuels. The formation of supramolecular solvate groups in organic media is explained by the participation of different forces of intermolecular interaction, the main of which are polarization and orientation, as well as donor-acceptor forces of interaction of nanospheres with the environment. The concept of creation in an organic medium of solvation formations - domains, the size of which, determined by the method of photon correlation laser spectroscopy, varies from 21 to 1000 nm, depending on the chemical nature of the solvent - is proposed and substantiated. For ethanol, the size of such formations was ~ 400 nm, which significantly exceeds the size of individual particles of the additive. It is established that to improve the operational characteristics of ethanol fuel it is enough to introduce low concentrations (10-3 - 10-2 %, wt.) of synthesized brominated nanoparticles. It is shown that the change of the microheterogeneous structure of fuels affects the change of its physicochemical and operational characteristics: the dielectric constant and hydrophobicity of the medium decrease, the saturated vapor pressure increases, which improves the starting properties of the fuel; hydrophobization of the environment helps to reduce the corrosive properties of ethanol fuel per unit, as a result of which additional introduction of a corrosion inhibitor is not required; the bearing capacity of the fuel in the presence of brominated nanoparticles increases by 1.5 times compared to the base fuel with a corresponding decrease in damage to the metal surface of the friction pairs. It is the rearrangement of the secondary supramolecular structure of fuels in the presence of brominated carbon nanospheres that explains the multifunctionality of their influence on the physicochemical and chemmotological properties of ethanol motor fuels.


Objective: To investigate the effect of ascorbic acid (AA) on arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis of multiple myeloma RPMI-8226 cells and the molecular mechanisms. Methods:RPMI 8226 cells were treated with 5 μmol/L arsenic trioxide(As_2O_3)alone, or in combination with AA 100 μmol/L. The growth inhibition was determined by Trypan blue exclusion assay. Apoptosis of cells was detected by Wrigh-Giema, AO/EB, and Annexin Ⅴ staining. Morphology of apoptotic cells was examined by transmission electron. Microscopy. Cell cycle and expression!of death receptor 4 (DR4) on RPMI 8226 cells were tested by flow cytometry. Results:AA alone could not inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of RPMI 8226 cells,while As_2O_3 inhibited the proliferation of RPMI 8226 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. Compared with As_2O_3 treatment alone,growth inhibition was enhanced by combination therapy with As_2O_3 and AA(P0.01). Wrigh-Giema and AO/EB staining and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the characteristic morphological changes of apoptosis of RPMI 8226 cells after treatment with As_2O_3 5 μmol/L in combination with AA 100 μmol/L. Annexin Ⅴ staining showed the earlier apoptotic cells. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of G1 cells was increased and cell proportion in sub-S phase was decreased with appearance of apoptosis peak. As_2O_3 up-regulated DR4 expression on RPMI 8226 cells modestly. AA enhanced the up-regulation of DR4 expression induced by As_2O_3 (P0.05). Conclusions:AA enhances arsenic trioxide-induced apoptosis in RPMI 8226 cells. It may be dependent on the over-expression of death receptor DR4.


In the title salt, one of the dopa molecules is in the cationic form, in which the α-amino group is protonated and the α-carboxylic acid group is uncharged, while the second dopa molecule is in the zwitterionic form, and the Br− anion is located on a twofold rotation axis.


Abstract Pinus tannin gel (PTG) has proven to be an effective adsorbent for removing various cationic pollutants including heavy metals, dyes, and surfactants. The form of obtaining these condensed tannins from Pinus pinaster bark was conventional aqueous extraction using 5.0% ethanol as additive. The present study focused on the removal of the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) from aqueous solutions using PTG. Kinetic studies showed that the Lagergren, Ho, and Elovich models all adequately explained the kinetics of CTAB adsorption onto PTG, with r2 correlation coefficients of around 0.98. The influences of pH and temperature were found not to be critical, and the CTAB-PTG system was modeled theoretically according to the Langmuir hypothesis using linear, nonlinear, and multiparametric forms, obtaining the values of the activation energies and such system constants as k l .


An array of parallel metallic plates of finite thickness are useful in microwave lenses. The effect of finite thickness in the idealized situation of a semi-infinite array of perfect conductivity, is treated theoretically and experimentally for normal incidence of a uniform plane wave on the plane interface separating the medium from free space. The theoretical discussion involves the approximate variational method and a procedure is given for estimating the order of magnitude of the error in the final result. It is shown that it can be advantageous to use plates of finite thickness since the reflection from the interface can be reduced from that existing for infinitely thin plates.


To support the deer range improvement project in Michigan, the capability of LANDSAT data in assessing deer habitat in terms of areas and mixes of species and age classes of vegetation is being examined to determine whether such data could substitute for traditional cover type information sources. A second goal of the demonstration project is to determine whether LANDSAT data can be used to supplement and improve the information normally used for making deer habitat management decisions, either by providing vegetative cover for private land or by providing information about the interspersion and juxtaposition of valuable vegetative cover types. The procedure to be used for evaluating in LANDSAT data of the Lake County test site is described.


"PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF polyols and polyols for polyurethane". Polyols useful in preparing foamed polyurethane systems are produced by reacting a stock of agricultural origin food with a multifunctional hydroxyl component and dibasic acid in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst suitable for polymerizing agricultural feed stock. The resulting polyol is then purified and mixed with other ingredients to produce a formulated polyol suitable for polyurethane foam specific systems. The polyols produced according to the method are also described.


Whether amserved hooIoeoIogons regions emt in the sugar beet (Belli vulgaris L) genome was investigated by RFLP anal ys& Clones from a sugarbeet Pst I library were hybridized to genomic DNA at standard and low stringency. The nwnber of loci detected by each cIooe was determined by ewIuatioo of RFLP band patterm in segregating Fl populations. Two sepa nne experiments were canied out: 1) A toCaI of505 clones that had given me to simple band paUerns OIl scnming bkMs and been used as RFLP probes at standard stringency in a previ oudy reported RFLP mapping project were re-ewluated for their DNA sequence copy nmnber. The 43 clones for which an eDCt oopy number mold not be determined were re-anaIysed atstandard stringency in a different F 1 population. In addition, the DNA sequence copy number for 50 clones that showed more complex band patterns on screening blots was deter mined by RFLP anaIysh at standard stringency. 2) The DNA sequence copy nmnber of 136 selected clones, evenly dW tributed over the pnMomly reported RFLP map, ~ deter mined at low stringency. The two experiments revealed one du plicated sequence at standard sbingency and one additional duplicated sequence at low stringency. Fm1be1'lDOl'e, 475 oftile dooes were coofinned at standard stringency and 94 at low stringency as being singIe-copy sequences. The dODes dis-tributed randomly over the nine linkage groups of sugarbeet. 100 two duplicated sequences identified mapped to different regions and were SIIITUUIIded by singIe-aJpy ~ Thm, no major hooIoeoIogons regions in the sugarbeet genome were revealed.


The chemical and isotopic compositions of volcanic arc lavas often show evidence for involvement of a sedimentary component during magma genesis. Determining where this sedimentary component is added to arc magmas is of vital importance for constraining the extent to which sediments and volatiles are recycled at subduction zones. Lavas from Martinique in the Lesser Antilles arc have wide ranging isotopic compositions extending to highly radiogenic values (e.g. 87/Sr/86Sr up to ∼0.710) that could, in principle, be explained by sediment addition to the mantle source or by crustal assimilation in the upper plate. We use Sr isotopic compositions of plagioclase from Martinique plutonic xenoliths to provide evidence supporting the crustal assimilation hypothesis. Plagioclase from plutonic xenoliths formed in the mid-crust (∼12 km) show a restricted range of unradiogenic Sr isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7041–0.7042) whereas plagioclase from upper crustal plutonic xenoliths (∼6 km) show greater intra-sample variation and more radiogenic Sr isotopic compositions up to 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7047. This trend is also observed in plutonic xenolith whole rock 87Sr/86Sr. Combined, these results indicate that the range of Sr isotope compositions becomes larger and more radiogenic in Martinique magmas as a result of sediment assimilation at shallow crustal levels. This is supported by Assimilation-Fractional Crystallization modeling, which shows that assimilation of chemically and isotopically heterogenous crustal sediments can produce the isotopic variation in Martinique plutonic xenoliths and lavas. Our results highlight the importance of constraining crustal contributions from the upper plate before using arc lava geochemistry to quantify sediment and volatile recycling at subduction zones and assessing potential heterogeneity of arc mantle sources.


The objective of the present work is the study of different thermal storage systems for a solar-fed organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system that operates with parabolic trough collectors. The conventional design with sensible thermal oil storage is compared with a storage configuration with thermal oil and ceramic rocks, as well as the use of latent storage with phase change materials (PCMs) is investigated. The initial system is studied parametrically, and it is properly designed to order for the cycle to have high performance. Different organic fluids are studied in the organic Rankine cycle and different rocks are investigated as storage materials. Toluene is found to be the best candidate in the cycle and ceramic rocks are found to be the best candidate energetically and financially. The final results proved that both the thermal oil–ceramic rocks and the PCM are better technologies than the simple sensible thermal oil storage. For the design with a 180 m2 collecting area and 8 m3 storage tank volume, the thermal oil–ceramic rocks design leads to 13.89% system efficiency and net present value (NPV) to 129.73 k€, the PCM storage to 13.97% and 128.66 k€, respectively, while the pure thermal oil case leads to 12.48% and 105.32 k€, respectively. Moreover, it is useful to state that when the collecting area is varied from 160 m2 to 200 m2 with the tank volume at 8 m3, the efficiency enhancement with ceramic rocks compared to pure oil ranges from 8.99% up to 12.39%, while the enhancement with PCM ranges from 7.96% to 13.26%. For the same conditions, the NPV is improved with ceramic rocks from 18.35% to 25.79%, while with PCM from 14.17% to 25.29%.


Pedestrian detection is one of the most significant and essential tasks in an intelligent video surveillance system or intelligent transportation system. Not only during motorway driving but also within urban environments to be able to assist the driver, also the ability to detect pedestrians is important for avoiding dangerous traffic situations. In the first part of paper, described feature, classifier and library were used in pedestrian detection project. In the second part of the report explains project algorithm. In the third part, have been described the experiment on negative and positive images and given the result of the experiment. Following, given information about future related plans.


This paper aims to identify lexical of criminal elements for chatting corpus, which involved suspect and victim conversation utterances. Lexical criminal identification requires three processes. The first is tokenization to automatically assign each lexical with a corresponding serial number in every suspect and victim utterance. The second is tagging the lexical with parts of speech to identify verbs and nouns in the utterances. The third is to identify and analyze the interrogative criminal construct to get the criminal evidence. The chatting corpus consists of 3,067 suspect and victim utterances with 16,278 words, collected from 9 criminal chatting cases. The results indicate that both verb and noun are the most important part of speech elements that represent the criminal constructs in chat utterances.


Healey Willan's activity as a composer of chamber music dates mainly from the earlier part of his career, an activity which culminated in the years 1915-16 (by which time the composer was living in Canada) with the appearance of his three greatest accomplishments in the realm of chamber music: the Piano Trio in B Minor, the Variations and Epilogue for two pianos, and the Sonata No. 1 in E Minor for Violin and Piano. After 1916 just a few small chamber pieces appeared (both original and arrangements) as well as that deliberate Baroque imitation, the Sonata No. 2 in E Major for Violin and Piano (1921). The composition of both the Piano Trio in B Minor and the Violin Sonata No. 1 had begun prior to 1913, while the composer was still living in England. One might well wonder why, since the string quartet was still the most prestigious (as well as the most common) medium of chamber music at the time, Willan did not produce a string quartet himself. A glance at the list of his major chamber works cited above will show that they all involve the piano. Amongst Willan's many unfinished manuscripts dating from his pre-1913 England days there are fragments of a Piano Quartet in A Minor (titled "The Heroic"), a Piano Trio in D Minor and two more sonatas for violin and piano, all adding to the list of chamber works involving the piano. Was Willan, in fact, like Schumann and some other Romantic composers, more at home in composing for chamber ensembles which included the rich sonorities of the piano than for the more ascetic medium of the string quartet? This may well be true. A pertinent factor here might be Willan's acknowledged admiration for the music of Brahms at the time he was working on these pieces, and the fact that for a while he had studied piano with a noted authority on the piano music of Brahms, Evlyn Howard-Jones. If Willan did not find the medium of the string quartet congenial to his musical idiom it was not for want of trying. An examination of the composer's unfinished manuscripts from the first decade of the century reveals that he may have attempted as many as four different string quartets during that time. Two of these attempts, thirty measures of an "Energico" movement in G minor and eight measures of an "Allegro energico" in D minor are of little importance, though the D minor opening starts promisingly enough: The other two attemps involve a sizeable amount of music for several movements (unfortunately none of them completed) intended for string quartets in E minor and C minor. In the Healey Willan Catalogue Giles Bryant (1972) lists four unfinished movements as constituting an unfinished String Quartet in E Minor (B.109): Allegro energico, Adagio, Lento e lugubre, and Finale (Rondo). He then states that it is "not certain" that the Lento e lugubre belongs to the quartet. I would go further and declare that neither the Lento nor the Finale belong, since they are both in C minor and it is highly unlikely that Willan at this stage of his career (1903-05) would have had the first two movements in E minor and the last two in C minor all in the same work! It is much more likely that the above movements were intended for two different quartets, and the following discussion of the music will proceed on this assumption. There are no less than eight unfinished versions of the first movement, Allegro energico, of the String Quartet in E Minor: four for string quartet (one dated 1903), two for piano trio, one for organ and one for piano. Of the four versions for string quartet only one is near to completeness and is titled "Phantasy for Two Violins, Viola and Cello" rather than "String Quartet." It might well be the earliest version.1 Some 200 measures long, it seems to sketch the outline of the complete movement, but often the measures are filled only by a single melodic line (especially in the second half) and it is not really possible to achieve a full knowledge of the movement from this. …


A home-grown approach to peer mentoring at a nursery school and children's centre in London is improving practice, as well as making work more satisfying for the team. Headteacher Dr Julian Grenier offers an insight into the setting's journey


Biliary tract cancers (BTCs), which encompass intra‐ and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas as well as gallbladder carcinomas, are a genetically diverse collection of cancers. Most patients with BTC will present with unresectable or metastatic disease. Although the standard systemic chemotherapy approaches are emerging, the prognosis remains poor. Development of molecularly targeted therapies in advanced BTC remains challenging. Recent early‐stage clinical trials with targeted therapies appear promising, although the relationships between subsets of patients with positive responses to therapy and tumor genetics remain unexplored. Here we summarize the relevant molecular pathogenesis, recent and ongoing clinical trials with targeted agents, and the key issues in clinical trial design in BTC. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;53:695‐704)