Niue is a small island developing state in the South Pacific, in free association with New Zealand. Freedom of movement between the two nations has resulted in a transnational negotiation of what Niueans say it means to be Niuean. This negotiation has in


Abstract This paper reviews different approaches to using transferable development rights (TDRs) as a way to preserve rural lands in the face of development pressure. One TDR program is examined in detail, that of Calvert County, Maryland, which has had an active TDR market since the mid-1980s. This program uses TDRs as a key policy tool for achieving a total amount of preserved acreage in the county, and for providing incentives for preservation in some areas and development in others. The paper examines both the early difficulties in developing participation in the program, and the events that lead eventually to an active TDR market. It assesses the workings of the market including factors that influence the demand and supply of TDRs, the movement of prices over time, and the location of preserved areas and of additional developed areas. The study found that the program is achieving many of the county's land preservation goals because of the high level of activity in the TDR market. However, most of the additional density is being channeled into rural areas with underlying low-density zoning.


Beng-tigre is a variety of Vigna radiata, a legume of the Fabaceae's family newly introduced in Burkina Faso for its resilience to the effects of climate change, its high nutritional value and its potential to reduce the prevalence of chronic diseases in the population. The objective of this study was to raise awareness of the nutritional and therapeutic qualities of Beng-tigre seeds among the Burkinabe population. A legume that matures between 55 and 70 days, Beng-tigre has a high nutritional value influenced by processing methods such as germination, fermentation and cooking time. Well consumed in Asia for its high protein (23.50g), fibre (16.80g), and carbohydrate (62.75g) content, as well as its high vitamin and mineral content, Beng-tigre is used as a supplement in the preparation of weaning foods and contributes to the fight against malnutrition in infants and young children. Rich in polyphenols, polysaccharides and peptides, Beng-tigre is a functional food that can contribute to the prevention and management of certain degenerative diseases. Several in vitro studies and studies on laboratory animals have shown the anti-cancer, anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effect of Beng-tigre. It also acts as a prebiotic to maintain the homeostasis and functions of the intestinal microbiota. A functional food with multiple virtues, Beng-tigre can be of great use in preventive medicine in developing countries where chronic non-communicable diseases are rampant. Further studies are needed at the local level to better understand the synergistic effects of the multiple components of Beng-tigre and to ensure therapeutic convenience for the population.


Objective The clinical experience in attendance of patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction is to be investigated. Methods Chose 44 patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction who were treated in hospital from October 2013 to October 2014 and separated them into two groups, patients in study group were given excellence attendance, while patients in control group were given conventional treatment, and then observe and compare attendance efficacy of the two groups. Results Peristalsis condition in study group was better than control group with less nausea and vomiting probability and better exercise tolerance ability, besides, patients' satisfaction with treatment efficacy in study group was much higher than that in control group,there was a treatment efficacy differential between the two groups, and such a differential had statistic value(P0.05). Conclusion Enhancing clinical treatment of patients with adhesive intestinal obstruction is conducive to recovery of patients' intestinal function, such a practical treatment approach is safety.


In order to detect the dim small target in high frame rate image sequences,an optimized temporal processing technique is investigated. Based on the temporal profile models for noise pixel,target pixel and clutter pixel, we formulate the detection in two steps, pre-processed by Max-median filter and temporal variance filter(TVF). In pre-processing step, three spatial-filtering methods are compared. In temporal profile analysis step, the length of time windows for calculating the mean and variance values are chosen after statistical analysis. Finally, six targets embedded into a scene which contains different types of clouds, and set the adjacent scene to one pixel jitter in any random direction. The simulation results show that we can obtain a relative high signal-to-clutter gain in different regions, which satisfies the requirement of target detection algorithm in high frame rate detection system.


The goal of this project was to discuss and implement a paper that deals with a problem in computer vision. The paper that was chosen presents a method for target tracking in video sequences. More specifically, Nummiaro et. al [2] present a particle filter that uses a simple linear dynamical model and a likelihood model based on color-histograms. The algorithm is adaptive in the sense that the target model is updated over time to make it more reliable and robust against changes in illumination or scale. Since the paper that presented the algorithm has already been written, this report will focus on the implementation. The limitations and weaknesses are discussed. The results obtained from the implementation are compared to the results in the paper. Finally some ideas that extend the paper are presented.


In this paper, we study degree conditions for the existence of large matchings in uniform hypergraphs. We prove that for integers $k,l,n$ with $k\ge 3$, $k/2 {n-l\choose k-l}-{(n-l)-(\lceil n/k \rceil-2)\choose 2}$, then $H$ has a matching covering all but a constant number of vertices. When $l=k-2$ and $k\ge 5$, such a matching is near perfect and our bound on $\delta_l(H)$ is best possible. When $k=3$, with the help of an absorbing lemma of Han, Person, and Schacht, our proof also implies that $H$ has a perfect matching, a result proved by K\" uhn, Osthus, and Treglown and, independently, of Kahn.


In this paper some basic terms such as voltage and potential difference are presented. In many cases they are regarded as identical which leads to confusion with understanding of the fundamental concept of electromagnetic field. Related to this topic, some authors in their books and papers on electromagnetic theory have discussed what the voltmeter actually measures, which is resolved here in a simple way. In this paper it is shown that there is a difference between the terms voltage and potential difference depending on what is the observation point — static fields or time-varying fields. Also in the transmission line model, the voltage between two points depends on the path of integration and, therefore, is ambiguous. What is commonly referred to as voltage, is transversal voltage that is a special case of voltage equal to the potential difference that is unique. Similarly, in electrical circuit analysis, branch voltages are unique and equal to difference of nodal voltages (nodal potentials).


AE signals propagate as extensional and flexural plate modes in thin plates. The relative amplitude of the two modes depends on the directionality of AE source motion. It has been reported that the directionality of AE source motion can be determined by distinguishing the dominating mode of plate waves. In the present study, response of Michelson interferometric fiberoptic sensors to AE with either inplane or outofplane motion was investigated. AE signals simulated by pencil lead break were given to a thin unidirectional carbon fiberreinforced plastic plate. The resulting plate waves were detected with surfacebonded interferometric fiberoptic and piezoelectric AE sensors. Responses of both sensors were compared and frequency characteristics of signals were evaluated by the Fast Fourier Transform. The directionality of source motion could be determined from the interference signal behavior in the beginning of response.


Abstract: Tolerance has been defined as a lack of response to self but a more appropriate definition of tolerance is "any mechanism by which a potentially injurious immune response is prevented, suppressed, or shifted to a noninjurious class of immune response." Thus, tolerance is related to productive self‐recognition, rather than blindness of the immune system to its autocomponents. Oral tolerance, in this sense, is of unique immunologic importance, as it is a continuous natural immunologic event driven by exogenous antigen. Because of their privileged access to the internal milieu, antigens that are continuously in contact with the mucosa are a frontier between foreign and self‐components. Thus, oral tolerance is an immunological mechanism that evolved to treat external agents that gain access to the body via a natural route as internal components that then become part of self. Given this, it would seem logical that autoimmune diseases caused by an inappropriate response to self‐antigens might ultimately be treated by presenting such autoantigens to the mucosal surface where they can be dealt with in a noninjurous (noninflammatory) immunologic environment. Furthermore, mucosal tolerance as a treatment for autoimmune diseases is an attractive concept, as antigen‐specific therapy is the most physiologic means to manipulate immune responses, and mucosal antigen is nontoxic and can be given on a chronic basis. The efficacy of mucosal tolerance has been clearly demonstrated in several animal models.


Despite its importance, our understanding of what entrepreneurial disappointment is, its attributions, and how it relates to depression is limited. Drawing on a corpus of 27,906 semi-anonymous online posts, we identified entrepreneurial disappointment, inductively uncovered its attributions and examined how depression differs between attributions. We found that posts with internal, stable, and global disappointment attributions (e.g., not fitting entrepreneurial norms) are, on average, higher in depression symptoms than posts with external, unstable, and specific disappointment attributions (e.g., firm performance). Our findings offer novel theoretical and methodological avenues for future research on entrepreneurs' affective experiences and mental health.


This is a response to the comment cited as PoF2023,35:029101. We show that the depth will have an impact on the wave height and the scaling law we obtained before is more feasible to use as a prior to give an initial guess of the wave height without any experimental information. This response strongly supports our previous work and the capability of the scaling law.


In Canada, approximately 10,000 children under the age of 12 years are injured annually as a result of vehicle collisions (Transport Canada, 2002). Motor vehicle collisions are the leading cause of death of children under the age of 14 (Safe Kids Canada, 2004). A longitudinal multi-site intervention study using a pre-test/post-test design was conducted in four Ontario cities to test the longitudinal effectiveness of an educational program on parents' knowledge and use of safety system use for children. At one year post-test parents' knowledge and confidence were significant for the transition from booster seat to seatbelt and the weight to transition from forward facing to booster seat. These findings carry significant implications as it is more likely that parents will safely transition children in safety seats when they are confident in their knowledge of the correct seat based on the height, weight and age of the child.


This article describes a practice based research project undertaken at the Autonomatic Digital Research Cluster at University College Falmouth. The project explores how new design interfaces can be developed by investigating the possibility of using gestural hand movements in combinations with digital design and development tools. This concept is inspired by some of the core elements from traditional creative practices. These elements include the direct intuitive interaction the maker have with form during the creating process and the use of the hand as the primary creative tool. The article centres on the investigation of two different types of equipment. The Microscribe®G2L – a digitizing arm, and the ShapeHandPlus™ motion capture data glove. The investigations established several possible applications which resulted in range of finished products. The findings of both investigations are compared and critically reviewed by the author.


In this presentation, a comparison of energy consumption data, inclusive of the ratio of supply to demand and pattern of consumption etc., is made between China and other countries. On the basis of the analysis, some problems in energy consumption in China are found, such as relatively low energy-utilization efficiency, unreasonable pattern of energy consumption, and imparity between demand and supply. By analyzing the relationship between economic development and energy consumption, it is concluded that sustainable industrial development is the best choice. In addition, some suggestions on corresponding policies were offered.


Transforming transport is one of the biggest energy challenges in the Nordic region. The past decades have seen a rapid increase in demand to move people and goods, and the transport sector relies heavily on fossil fuels. Transport is the only major EU sector where emissions today are well above their 1990 levels. More than two thirds of transport-related greenhouse gas emissions are from road transport and this contributes to about 20% of the EU's total emissions of CO. The Nordic countries are also dominated by carbonintensive means of transport and transport currently accounts for around 40% of CO emissions from Nordic countries.


Abstract. Let be the largest n such that for every set with at most n elements there exists at least one element in with less than K representations. We show a new lower bound for :


This article analyzes the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the gear pump operating cycle by using a jet pump as a booster stage. The design of gear pumps is performed for one mode, and most often, it is a mode with minimum speed and high consumption relative to rotation speed. For gas turbine engines, this is the take-off mode, in which the aircraft operates for a few minutes of the entire flight cycle. In other modes, the pump capacity is excessive, reaching more than twice the value in some operational conditions. Due to the excess capacity, overflow valves are used to synchronize the operation of the engine and pump. This approach is a classic solution, but it creates additional mechanical losses and, as a result, reduces the efficiency of the operating cycle of the pump. Therefore, there is a need to improve the matching of engine requirements and pump performance. In this article, a solution that can improve the operating cycle of pumping units within the framework of a classical drive box assembly was analyzed. In the introductory section, the generalized flight cycle of a transport aircraft is analyzed. Based on the results, the modes were determined for which the design calculations of the jet pump were performed. First, the relative characteristics of pressure increase and efficiency are considered. The geometric and operational boundary conditions are accepted considering the fuel overflow relative to the generalized flight cycle. The obtained characteristics are used as a basis for selecting the geometric ratio for the modes with the highest pressure and efficiency. Based on these results, the geometric dimensions of the main sections and the value of the pressure increase at the outlet of the jet pump were obtained. Based on the characteristics of the pressure increase behind the jet pump, the relative characteristics of the reduction in power consumption in the gear pump shaft were obtained. Considering the level of overflow and operating time, the use of a jet pump will save about 50% of the energy input. This is a direct improvement in the operating cycle, and the increased pump inlet pressure will also reduce bearing wear, increase cavitation resistance, and reduce wear from cavitation erosion.


The issue of urban thermal environment and urban heat island effect are important contents in urban climate and environmental research.Retrieving and analyzing land surface temperature(LST) is an efficient way to study this issue.In this paper,Fuzhou was taking as typical study area to study LST retrieving and thermal environment evaluation.CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared remote sensing data for generalized single-channel algorithm developed by Jimenez and Sobrino were used to retrieve LST,and MODIS data acquired with the same day were used to calculate atmospheric water vapor content at the pixel scale which was an important parameter for the algorithm.Based on the results of LST and the atmospheric water vapor content retrieved,thermal environment index(TEI) model was built to evaluate and analyze urban thermal environment of Fuzhou.Results show that CBERS-02 IRMSS remote sensing data play important role in studying urban heat island and its thermal environment,and combination of multi-satellite data can improve accuracy of LST retrieval,meanwhile the TEI evaluation method can be effectively used to describe the quality of urban thermal environment.


In an effort to exploit low-cost tin and sulfur as active materials in the lithium ion hybrid capacitor, we prepare a SnS-Sn/CNT negative electrode through molten slag coating the acidified carbon ...


The cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae), as one of the major pests of the Brassicaceae family, can be found in many countries of the world. This aphid is a key pest of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) and produces economic damage on its varieties in Iran, particularly Guilan. Our study was focused on the trends in aphid abundance during the two main growing stages of spring/winter rapeseed varieties. Four different Brassica varieties 'Hyola308', 'Hyola 401', 'SLM046', and 'PF' were used in two growth stages(vegetative and reproductive), which were replicated four times in factorial arrangement based on a Completely Randomized Design under Greenhouse conditions in Tabriz University, Iran, in 2002. Analysis was conducted based on the records of aphid abundance occurrence in two growth stages on screen-covered and manure-fertilized plants. The numbers of aphids in different rapeseed varieties were compared. The highest aphid abundance was noticed in four-leaf stage on 'SLM046' variety and on 'Hyola 401' during the reproductive stage. It seems that the 'Hyola 308' variety contains high nutrient desirability for cabbage aphid. Although, the rapid loss of the variety caused by nutritional damages of cabbage aphid, its aphid population density was lower comparing to 'Hyola 401' and 'SLM046'. The lowest aphid population was collected from cabbage aphid colonies on the variety 'PF' in both growth stages. Brevicoryne brassicae, rapeseed varieties, population density


The invention relates to an operating method for controlling a motor operation of a motor and a generator operable electric machine of a mild hybrid drive of a motor vehicle, wherein the electric machine is adapted to drive an internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle at least at times and to produce electrical energy in a recuperation. The invention further relates to a device that is configured to perform the operating procedure. According to the operation process, a decision as to whether and / or with which power a motor operation of the electric machine is carried out during the journey in order to relieve a motor torque of the internal combustion engine of the motor vehicle, in dependence on current values of at least one operating parameter (21) of the determines the motor vehicle and as a function of previous driving operation data (22). In this way, the fuel economy of the mild hybrid system can be increased by using otherwise unusable energy.


The distribution of angular deviations from perfect (110) [001] orientation was determined by the Schulz X‐ray reflection method for eight polycrystalline 3% Si‐Fe grain‐oriented sheets as a function of B10 (dc induction at H = 10 Oe) between 16.4 and 19.3 kG. The angular deviations were equally and normally distributed with the root‐mean‐square angular deviation, ωrms, increasing with decreasing B10.


Museums and success In a world where economic values increasingly dominate museums have a hard job trying to find understanding for values other than the economic ones. The predominance of economic values in society is accompanied by their criteria of success: increased consumption, growing turn-over and more profit. It is difficult for the museums to point to other and more sophisticated criteria for success.


Intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloys are light-weight high-temperature structural materials of great technological interest. They have the potential to partly replace the heavier Ni based super alloys for applications as compressor and turbine blades in gas turbines and aero engines [1]. TiAl alloys are two-phase alloys consisting of tetragonal γ-TiAl and small amounts of hexagonal α2-Ti3Al. In order to extend their service range to higher temperatures research activities have been focused on high Nb bearing TiAl alloys. These so-called third generation or TNB alloys exhibit a significant increase in strength combined with improved creep properties and oxidation resistance [2].


After a long period of low rates of price increases, the 1990s were a time of high open inflation for Russia (Figure 1, Table 1). For four years in a row—1991 to 1994—the annual rate of increase in consumer prices substantially exceeded 100 percent and according to preliminary estimates will be approximately 120 percent in 1995. The maximum rise in the level of prices was recorded in 1992: in excess of 26 times. The general consumer price index rose 3,470 times in a little under four and one-half years (from May 1995 to December 1990) and will reach approximately 4,500 times in December 1995. By any criterion, such inflation rates are exceptionally high and are evidence of a deep financial crisis.


Determining seed storage behaviour and planning suitable short- and long-term conservation strategies for genetic resources of many tropical tree species necessitates the understanding of seed morphology and seed biology. Three economically important species out of 35 Indian Garcinia species, bearing edible and medicinally valued fruits namely G. indica, G. cambogia and G. xanthochymus, were taken up for detailed studies on seed morphology and germination characteristics. The absence of differentiated embryo, endosperm or embryonic axis indicated that the so called "seed" is not a true seed. Germination characteristics of "seed" showed the clear cut presence of polarity in all the three species. Regeneration of multiple seedlings from whole seed and seed pieces further indicated the apomictic nature of seed. Based on seed characteristics and field examination of natural and raised populations, facultative agamospermy in G. indica and G. cambogia and obligate agamospermy in G. xanthochymus is indicated.


We consider analytically the dynamics of an arbitrary number and configuration of vortices in an annular Bose-Einstein condensate obtaining expressions for the free energy and vortex precession rates to logarithmic accuracy. We also obtain lower bounds for the lifetime of a single vortex in the annulus. Our results enable a closed-form analytic treatment of vortex-vortex interactions in the annulus that is exact in the incompressible limit. The incompressible hydrodynamics that is developed here paves the way for more general analytical treatments of vortex dynamics in non-simply connected geometries.


In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) nursing profession is young and comprises only 30% of total nursing workforce .A cross-sectional descriptive design was used to explore patients and family caregivers' satisfaction with the care delivered by Saudi nurses in National Guard Health Affairs (NGHA) hospitals across KSA. Three hundred and two respondents completed satisfaction questionnaire that was self developed by the investigators. The overall mean satisfaction score of patients and family caregivers with the care was 4.45 out of 5. Areas of highest satisfaction were: respecting religion & culture, maintaining privacy and confidentiality, communication and professionalism. Areas of least  satisfaction were related to: discharge instructions and updating patient's family with changes in patient's condition. Keywords : Saudi nurses, patient satisfaction, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), family satisfaction, nursing care, saudization.


Introduction The optimal dose-fractionation schedule of palliative radiotherapy has been debated in patients with bone metastases. Our objective is to comprehensively compare multiple fraction schedules with single fraction radiotherapy in terms of efficacy and toxicities by performing a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Methods and analysis Electronic searches of titles/abstracts of palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases will be performed, using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, clinical trials, American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology and European Society of Radiotherapy and Oncology. The primary outcome of interest is the incidence of skeletal-related event following palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases in prospective studies. The risk of bias and quality of evidence will be evaluated based on Cochrane Collaboration's tool and Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation in the network meta-analysis. We will conduct subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis regardless of heterogeneity estimates. Ethics and dissemination This study will synthesise the evidence regarding dose-fractionation schedule of palliative radiotherapy in patients with bone metastases. We hope the findings from this study will help clinicians and patients select optimum palliative radiotherapy by identifying the optimal dose-fractionation schedule of palliative radiotherapy with the most value in terms of patient-important outcomes. The evidence obtained from network meta-analysis will help to guide head-to-head research in the future. The results will be disseminated through international conference reports and peer-reviewed manuscripts. Ethics review board is not required for this network meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number CRD42019135195.


In this article, we studied four organs of Cassia occidentalis namely leaves, seeds, stems and roots. Cassia occidentalis is a plant used in traditional Senegalese medicine to treat several pathologies including asthma, malaria, high blood pressure, bronchitis, anemia, stubborn stomach aches, etc. This study focuses on the determination of the antioxidant activity of these extracts. This study focuses on the determination of total polyphenols and flavonoids of different organ extracts (leaves, seeds, stems and roots) of Cassia occidentalis and the determination of the antioxidant activity of these extracts. Total polyphenols are assayed using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total flavonoids using aluminum trichloride (AlCl3). The antioxidant activity of the extracts is evaluated by the DPPH method using TROLOX as reference antioxidant. The results of this study show that leaves and roots are the richest organs in polyphenols with contents ranging from 0.4941 ± 0.0633 mg EAG/g to 11.5114 ± 0.0791 mg EAG/g for leaves and 0.1235 ± 0.0220 mg EAG/g to 4.1968 ± 0.0481 mg EAG/g for roots. These same organs are richer in flavonoids with contents ranging from 1.6645 ± 0.0215 mg EQ/g to 7.2215 ± 0.1728 mg EQ/g for the leaves and 0.0813 ± 0.0022 mg EQ/ g to 3.4839 ± 0.0538 mg EQ/g for roots. These contents are higher in the methanolic and aqueous extracts. Total antioxidant capacities are significantly correlated with polyphenol and flavonoid contents. This is because the leaves and roots have more antioxidants that can react with the DPPH radical. This quantity is more noted in the methanolic extracts (14.1502 ± 0.3781 mg ETr/g for the leaves and 7.7042 ± 0.0619 mg ETr/g for the roots). Only the methanolic extracts show remarkable antiradical activities with IC50 values of 0.2409 ± 0.0006 mg/mL for the leaves and 0.1415 ± 0.0005 mg/mL for the roots.  IC50 values for other extracts are not available, due to the low total antioxidant capacity. In short, the methanolic extracts of the roots and leaves therefore have an appreciable antioxidant power. This antioxidant power is more significant at the level of the methanolic root extract with the lowest IC50 value. This would justify the use of Cassia occidentalis in traditional Senegalese medicine to fight against several pathologies. This plant would therefore be a good source of natural antioxidants.


diabetic mortality is increasing all over the civilized world. . . In t-he-United States registration area it has advanced from twenty-seventh in rank in 1900 to ninth in 1932. In practically every -European country there is a comparable increase, and countries of European descent, like New Zealand and Australia, share in it.... In England the recent death rates are the highest on record, that of 1931 being 29.5 per cent. higher than in 1925 and 45 per cent. higher than in 1920."


A stress measurement method using SnCu coating on an Alloy 42 substrate sample, which indicated non-linear sin2 Psi diagram for the coating under ordinary X-ray diffraction conditions was investigated. Diffraction profile versus 2thetas diagrams for peak indexes of (312), (501), (213), (600), (323), (541), and (631) obtained using an iso inclination method and a fixed Psi method using CuKalpha radiation showed clear peaks for some Psi angles. However, in other cases, the diagrams showed flat forms (no peaks). It was found that removing the Psi data with the flat forms from the diffraction profile versus 2thetas diagram gave a linear sin2Psi diagram for each index. Indexes with higher 2thetas degrees had a smaller confidence limit. The (631) peak with the highest 2thetas degree, which had no flat forms in the diffraction profile versus the 2thetas diagram, even with seventeen Psi data points, indicated a linear sin2thetas diagram and a confidence limit of less than plusmn2 MPa.


Let SH denote the class of functions f = h + g which are harmonic univalent and sense-preserving in the unite disk U = {z : |z| < 1} where h(z) = z +P∞ k=2 akzk, g(z) =∞Pk=1 bkzk (|b1| < 1). In this paper we establish connections between various subclasses of harmonic univalent functions by applying certain integral operator involving the Touchard Polynomials.


The present research has been conducted with the aim of studying the predicting power of the variables of birth order and gender through parenting style on the intelligence of high school adolescents. In order to achieve the above stated aim, 280 individuals of the adolescents of the high schools of the 1st region of Tehran, who were studying in the educational year of 2010-2011 were selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling and tested by using Raven's Progressive Matrices test, parenting Shrink styles and researcher -made demographic characteristics. The methodology of the present research is path analysis method and the obtained data were analyzed by using AMOS20 and SPSS software. The obtained results from this research indicates that the variables of birth order and gender which have been entered into the path analysis for prediction of the intelligence level by using loving and controlling parenting style have a direct and indirect significant effect on fluid intelligence of adolescents. Also, there is a reverse and significant relationship between birth order and adolescent's intelligence which indicates that an increase in the birth order (middle and last children) leads to a decrease in their intelligence level. This reverse effect increases with mediating controlling parenting style. Furthermore, the female gender has a negative effect on intelligence and this negative effect increases through the controlling parenting style. In general, it can be said that the birth order and gender of the adolescents with mediation of controlling and loving parenting style is effective on their intelligence. Normal 0 false false false RU X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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We study the properties of the Sb–InP (110) interface by contact potential difference, surface photovoltage, and Auger electron spectroscopy, and then the effect of the Sb interlayer on Al and Ag–InP (110) Schottky diode properties. For Sb coverage <1 ML, the surface Fermi level EFs is strongly pinned near the conduction band and the electron affinity decreases. The Sb interlayer effect on the Schottky contacts Al–InP and Ag–InP is already noticeable for a submonolayer of Sb. The EFs position moves to a common position situated at about 1 eV above the valence band maximum and the abruptness of the interface is changed. The interaction of the metal with the semiconductor is partially or completely screened. In the case of Al–InP contact In or P diffusion into the metal is stopped. The interface is more abrupt in Al–InP contact, less abrupt in Ag–InP contacts. This is due to a high density of interface states in the gap, the origin of which could be found in a possible modification of the surface relaxation...


In the XIII – XV centuries medieval Europe has made progress in trade and transition to market economy, which resulted in the foundation of a number of Venetian and Genoese overseas colonies in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea area. The stability of Pax Mongolica had a positive effect on long-distance trade with the Central and Eastern Asia and India. In the XV century the goods from the Eastern Europe prevailed over those from the Central and Eastern Asia, especially the slaves. In exchange the Venetians and the Genoese imported cotton, woolen, and silk fabrics, raw cotton, rice, soap, glass, ceramics, jewelry and swords. The stabilization in the region and the rise of trade was a trend running through the first half of the fifteenth century. The 1430s were the time of the greatest prosperity of the Venetian trade in the Northern Black Sea during the whole fifteenth century.


The design of a motorcycle wheel contains several complexes and attempt has been made to meet the requirements of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). By using UNIGRAPHICS (NX 7.5), it involves the drawing wants and design of a motorcycle wheel. The design in 6 degrees of freedom (DOF) for characteristics and durability has been developed. After designing of wheel, the material should be selected and to go through several analysis tests on ANSYS software. By apply different loads in existing Aluminium alloy wheel and analyze the bending stresses, the material has been changed from Aluminium alloy to Polyether-ether ketone, PEEK150GL30, PEEK90GL30 and PEEK150CA30 for the study. In the same design the materials has been changed one by one and applying unlike loads, and analyze the bending stresses. It is concluded that the existing design is suitable for plastic material. Plastic material will deform at a maximum load of 2452.5N (250Kg). So change the design and the resources and analyze the bending stresses and finally conclude that Aluminium alloy can be replaced by plastic material.


Introduction The purpose of this research study is to examine the use of and the perceived effectiveness of emarketing technology in restaurants. Information technology (IT) serves many purposes in a restaurant including helping control costs, increasing the efficiency of operations, and increasing marketing effectiveness (Cobanoglu, Erdem, & Nusair, 2010). An important factor in the implementation of IT is a perceived usefulness of IT which leads to a higher intention to use (Ham, Kim, & Forsythe, 2010). Therefore a multitude of useful functions is integral to make IT worth investing time and capital in. The objective of this study is to determine which e-marketing technologies are most used, and which methods are perceived to be most effective to the restaurant industry. Split between quick service restaurants (QSR), fast/casual, casual/family dining restaurants, and fine dining restaurants, the importance of e-marketing technologies will determine which methods are most effective to each respective restaurant section. The research questions in this study are: 1. Which e-marketing technologies are used in QSR, fast/casual, casual/family, and fine dining restaurants? 2. What is the perceived effectiveness of these e-marketing technologies in QSR, fast/casual casual/family, and fine dining restaurants? Definitions The following section defines some key terms used in this paper:


The longitudinal effect of B12 insufficiency on sarcopenia has not yet been investigated in older adults. We aimed to study the impact of B12 levels on alterations in muscle mass, function and strength over two years. Non-sarcopenic older adults (n = 926) aged 70–84 were included. Using the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study, this two-year longitudinal study used data across South Korea. The tools used for assessing muscle criteria were based on the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia guidelines. Participants were divided into the insufficiency (initial serum B12 concentration < 350 pg/mL) and sufficiency groups (≥350 pg/mL). Logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of initial B12 concentration on sarcopenia parameters over a two-year period. In women, multivariate analysis showed that the B12 insufficiency group had a significantly higher incidence of low SPPB scores (odds ratio [OR] = 3.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.59–6.76) and sarcopenia (OR = 3.72, 95% CI = 1.10–12.62). However, the B12 insufficiency group did not have a greater incidence of sarcopenia or other parameters in men. Our findings suggest B12 insufficiency negatively impacts physical performance and increases the incidence of sarcopenia only in women.


Abstract Aim Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an established aspect of the staging process for primary melanoma, with the results dictating future treatment methods. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic no SLNBs were offered to patients with newly diagnosed melanoma at a hospital site in the West Midlands. The aim of this study was to identify the number of patients who missed out on this investigation in order to ascertain how many patients with a potential positive SLNB were missed. Method A patient list was provided from the dermatology and plastic surgery database, ensuring that all newly diagnosed melanoma patients throughout the period March-May 2020 were included. A retrospective study design was utilised, with all data collected from the computer system at a single hospital site. Results 64 patients were provided via the patient list, of which 44 were appropriate for SLNB using the NICE criteria. After detailed reading of the patient notes, 80% (35/44) of patients were provided with a reason why they did not receive a SLNB, however the remaining 20% (9/44) did not have this clearly recorded. Conclusions A large cohort of patients did not receive a SLNB during the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilising the clinical literature, it can be predicted that around 9 of these patients would have had a SLNB that identified metastasis. These patients have potentially missed out on adjuvant treatment, and the cohort will therefore require follow up to be adapted to reflect this.


Dispersed settlement is a residential area that has been preserved in the mountainous and sub-mountainous regions of Slovakia. In this paper, we will focus on the analysis of food retailing as a subsystem of the local food system in an environment where residents are socially and geographically disadvantaged when purchasing food. The aim of the research was to find out the state of the food retail network, to quantify it through traditional indicators of the sales area, areal and service parameters, and to visualize the time availability to food stores in the Novobanská štálova region. The retail network of food stores in this area can be evaluated as very logically distributed. There is at least one grocery store in every village. The most numerous sales network in the region is the Slovak chain Coop Jednota, which is represented by up to 20 stores out of a total of 38. In terms of the size of the stores, small shops with a sales area of 51 to 200 m² predominate. As many as 1038 inhabitants of the studied region live within walking distance of more than 20 minutes, i.e. at an unfavorable distance to the nearest food, this represents 4.15%, but up to 52.4% of the inhabitants of settlements (štály). The biggest problems were surprisingly evident in the centers of Nová Ba ň a and Žarnovica, where, in addition to some of the dispersed settlements, their urban areas also found themselves in food deserts.


The Livermore Torso Phantom, the consensus calibration phantom for measuring internally deposited radioactive materials in the lungs, liver and tracheo-bronchial lymph nodes, has been modified for calibrating direct, in vivo measurements of Am in the axillary lymph nodes. The axillary lymph nodes may contain radioactive material mobilized from a wound in a finger or hand which may confound results of a direct, in vivo measurement of the lungs or liver. Modifications to the Livermore Torso Phantom involved milling a pair of parallel, flat bottom cylindrical holes into the left and right shoulders (below the humeral head) for inserting a pair of solid 1.40 cm diameter cylindrical rods made of a 100% muscle tissue substitute. A precisely known quantity of radioactive material was sealed in a 1 cm diameter, 2.54 cm deep well located at the end of each rod. The location adopted for the simulated lymph nodes was determined according to the position of the Level I and the combined Level II +III axillary lymph nodes reported in the literature. Discrete calibration measurements were performed for axillary lymph nodes located in the right and left side of the thorax using a pair of 3000 mm high resolution germanium detectors . The efficiency for measuring Am in the right and left lymph nodes is 2.603 % ± 0.0342 % and 5.453 % ± 0.0716 %, respectively. Activity deposited in the right and left axillary lymph nodes was found to contribute 0.183% and 0.289 %, respectively, to a lung measurement and 0.013 % and 0.002 %, respectively, to a liver measurement. Thus, results of this research demonstrate that Am deposited in the axillary lymph nodes has the potential to confound direct, in vivo measurements of activity in the lung or liver.


The reactivity of Rh clusters supported on ZrO 2 and on ZrO 2 modified by chemisorption of Mn, Fe, Mo carbonyls has been studied by various surface techniques such as TPD, TPR, FTIR, and by model reactions: Boudouard reaction, ethylene hydroformylation and CO/H 2 reaction. Four CO adsorbed species have been identified and the main effect of the modifiers is to change the distribution of the various CO moieties present on the surface, as shown by TPR and reactivity data. Mn promotes methanol formation, Fe oxygenated compounds and chain growth, Mo increases the CO reactivity, mainly to oxygenates.


A descriptive study was conducted to a Study to assess the knowledge and attitude of primigravidae mothers regarding prenatal attachment in selected Maternity Hospital, Bangalore. The objectives of the study is to assess the knowledge and attitude of primigravidae mothers regarding prenatal attachment, to correlate the knowledge and attitude of primigravidae mothers regarding prenatal attachment to associate the knowledge and attitude of primigravidae mothers regarding prenatal attachment with their selected demographic variables. Methods Nonexperimental descriptive study design was used to assess the level of knowledge and attitude of primigravidae regarding prenatal attachment in selected Maternity Hospital, Bangalore. In view of the nature of the problem and to accomplish the objectives of the study, structured questionnaire was prepared focusing on the level of knowledge and attitude of primigravidae mothers. Reliability of the tool was tested and validity was ensured in consultation with guide and experts in the field of medicine and nursing. The study was conducted in Hosahalli Referral Hospital, Vijayanagar M.C layout, Bangalore and 60 primigravidae mothers were selected by Nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Structured questionnaires were used to collect the needed data. Collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The conceptual framework used is Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model. Results Majority of the primigravidae mothers had moderate knowledge (61.7%) and favourable attitude (60.0%) regarding prenatal attachment. A significant correlation between knowledge and attitude among primigravidae mothers regarding prenatal attachment" was accepted. This may point out that the Maternity Health nurse to educate pregnant mothers regarding prenatal attachment.. A significant association of knowledge and attitude among primigravidae mother regarding prenatal attachment with their selected demographic variables" was accepted. This indicated that level of knowledge and attitude is influenced by some demographic variables.


Taking PDA as separating culture medium,24 and 15 strains of endophytic fungi were separated from the roots and twigs of Celastrus angulatus,respectively.In these strains,10,27 and 2 strains were separated from the epidermis,phloem and xylem of the plant,respectively.The insecticidal and fungicidal activities of their fermentation products were examined,and the active ingredients were sepreated by p-TLC and HPLC.The results of insecticidical bioassay indicated that only the acetone extract of 1B strain mycelium exhibited poisonous activity,and had a mortality of 85.3% against the 3rd instar larvae of Mythimna separata at the concentration of 500 μg/mL.By means of mycelium growth rate,the acetone extracts of mycelium of 1L,2B,and 5J strains had a certain degree fungicidical activity against Botrytis cinerea,Gibberella zeae,Phytophthora capsici,Glomerella eingulata,Bipolaris maydis,Alternaria alternata at the concentration of 500 μg/mL,and exhibited moderate activity against Botrytis cinerea,Bipolaris maydis,Alternaria alternata in the test of spore germination.The results of pot test indicated that the acetone extracts of 1L,2B and 5J strain exhibited more than 50% of protective and therapeutic efficacy against Blumeria graminis disease and Pseudoperonospora cubensis disease at the concentration of 500 μg/mL.An insecticidical component 1B-4,three fungicidical components 1L-3,1L-6 and 1L-8 were isolated from the acetone extracts of the mycelium of 1B and 1L strain by bioassay-guided separation.


The research presented here attempts to examine the evidence of incongruence implied by Gimpel's intrastate party system autonomy theory. Through an examination of geographic voting patterns, trends toward greater congruence (less autonomy) should become apparent. The hypotheses implied are as follows: H1: Over time, statewide elections in the South will produce electoral cleavages, which are increasingly congruent with presidential electoral cleavages within each state. H2: Rim South electoral cleavage congruence will appear earlier in time than electoral cleavage congruence in the Deep South. H3: Statewide electoral cleavages in the Rim South will produce consistently higher congruence with presidential races than those of the Deep South. This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/ respublica/vol4/iss1/9 Jake Posey and Justin Taylor Do National Parties Still Matter? A Study of Party System Congruence in the South Party systems, partisan demographic bases of support, have been understood to be national in orientation and salient through both state and national elections. Those demographic bases of support provide the foundation for the alignment of each party. There is an emerging controversy concerning the nature of the contemporary American party system. The debate is over the degree to which state parties can break away from the national system and look for different bases of support within the state, in effect becoming autonomous from the national party system. Autonomous state party systems are those where the local party coalitions are consistently different from the national party coalitions. James Gimpel, in his 1996 work National Elections and the Autonomy of American State Party Systems, puts forth the argument that the United States is witnessing a paradigm shift away from conventional alignment theory. In its place, a bifurcated system of incongruence between national and state party systems is emerging which may be the forerunner of total dealignment. American parties could be fundamentally altered if Gimpel's claim of an emerging incongruence is correct. Sustained autonomous state party systems would contribute to the rise of candidate-centered elections. Voters could claim membership in two different parties, one at the state level and one at the national level. The American party system, already relatively weak compared to other industrialized democracies, could collapse altogether. Party behavior, organization, and discipline would be drastically altered and reduced. The very relevance of national parties could be called into question. This work attempts to measure electoral incongruence in the South to determine if the conditions for autonomous state parties are developing. V.0. Key's 1949 seminal work on Southern politics provides an understanding of the geopolitical history of the South. He shows that the South's unique geopolitical history led to the development of a one party system with very little party discipline. His competition-cohesion thesis directly applies to the South of the first sixty years of the twentieth century. The region was so completely dominated at all levels by the Democratic Party that there was no survival instinct to keep the elite, let alone voters, in line with the national party. As Black and Black observed, the South now controls 27 percent of the nation's electoral votes and holds some of the earliest and most influential primaries. The South is absolutely crucial for any presidential candidate who hopes to secure the nomination. "The modem South is the largest, the most cohesive, and, arguably, the most important region in the United States in terms of establishing the partisan direction' ' (Black and Black 344). The modem South, with its unique geopolitical history and traditionally weak party systems, should provide a breeding ground for the kinds of incongruence's Gimpel suggests are becoming widespread and increasingly stable. Gimpel studied traditional old-line party states of the North and contrasted them with the weak party states of the West. Using regression models, Gimpel attempted to measure party strength and therefore the degree of national party hegemony. After analyzing those results and anecdotal evidence, he developed three possible types of incongruence. The first, issue incongruence, is characterized by a salient issue within a state cross-cutting the national cleavages. When the cleavages within a state ape the national cleavages but the proportion of partisans is drastically different, partisan incongruence has developed. Gimpel's third and fundamentally most challenging to the current understanding of party systems is issue-partisan incongruence. This is a combination of the first two; a crosscutting, salient issue has re-proportioned partisans at a different balance than the national system within the state. Under these circumstances, Gimpel argues sustained and systematic divergence from the national party system will allow autonomous state systems to develop. Gimpel concludes that the western states in particular produce electoral divisions in state level contests which "rarely match those at the national level" (Gimpel 18). While he finds this phenomenon to be most apparent in the West, Gimpel concludes that it has "become a model for understanding changes coming to the rest of the nation" (Gimpel 18). Gimpel equates the weak party systems of the West with those of the South. Although originating out of very different circumstances, the comparison for the issue at hand seems reasonable. Ample evidence from the southern state electoral literature demonstrates that presidential contests were, for many decades, fought on a different electoral plane than those at the sub-presidential level (e.g., Scher, 1997; Glaser, 1997; Black and Black, 1992; Lamis, 1984; Bartley and Graham, 1975; Key, 1949). This phenomenon was understood to be part of the ongoing process of realignment. In his 1983 work, James Sundquist analyzed the New Deal realignment and discovered evidence for what he termed "two-stage realignment." Sundquist described the process by which Democrats broke through in many northern states at the presidential level and became competitive in state-level contests after only a generation. This has obvious implications for the South. This region, which experienced realignment at the presidential level toward Republicanism thirty years ago, has only now experienced a shift toward Republican dominance at the state level. Coupled with this knowledge about the increasing electoral importance of the South, it is imperative this region be included in any understanding of Gimple's intrastate party system autonomy theory. A recent study by Tari Renner (1998) failed to confirm two hypotheses implied by Gimpel's work. His study used a factor analysis of county level Democratic two-party vote percentages for all presidential, senatorial and gubernatorial elections from 1986 to 1996 in the same northern and western states used by Gimpel. It demonstrated that a single dominant factor emerged which explained between 74 and 92 percent of the variance in state geographic electoral cleavages. There were no major distinctive state level factors that emerged. In addition, there were few differences between the so-called "old line" party organization states of the North and the West. Renner concludes, "there do not appear to be consistently different electoral planes along which state elections are fought. While there may be more short-term, presumably candidate-centered fluctuations in some statewide elections, the contests at both the presidential and state level appear to be variations of the same party systems" (Renner 11). The question to be answered is not whether incongruence exists, but whether this phenomenon is expanding and becoming the norm rather than the exception. Gimpel implies the end of the "totality of realignments" (Gimpel 10). Electoral incongruence has been documented throughout United States history in every region of the country. However, this incongruence has been part of a process of change and realignment. It was understood that major realignments such as the New Deal coalition would play out differently in each state. Over time, all states would move toward the national alignment (Renner 5). This is a critical difference from the state-level party system autonomy implied by Gimpel. An important geographic limitation of both Gimpel's work and Renner's response is that they are confined to an analysis of non-southem states. Gimpel discusses the historical tendency of both the South and the West to have weak party organizations. In the former region, however, the weaknesses are attributable to the virtual absence of effective competition between the major parties. As discussed previously, the dramatic shift toward two-party competition in the South not only provides an opportunity to measure Gimpel's implications but also to re-examine Key's competition-cohesion thesis. The transformation of the South's partisan climate over the last thirty years should provide us with an excellent opportunity to examine longitudinal and cross-sectional patterns. Considering Key's thesis and recent work on partisan and ideological trends, we might actually expect a trend toward greater electoral congruence in the South. Hypotheses and Measurement The research presented here attempts to examine the evidence of incongruence implied by Gimpel's intrastate party system autonomy theory. Through an examination of geographic voting patterns, trends toward greater congruence (less autonomy) should become apparent. The hypotheses implied are as follows: H1: Over time, statewide elections in the South will produce electoral cleavages, which are increasingly congruent with presidential electoral cleavages within each state. H2: Rim South electoral cleavage congruence will appear earlier in ti


Gaussian filtering is a popular Bayesian approximation filtering method for nonlinear systems. In general, the Gaussian filters are designed for non-delayed measurements; however, the measurements are often delayed in practice. This paper considers that the delay is fractional multiple of sampling interval. Subsequently, it extends a significantly accurate filter, named higher degree cubature quadrature Kalman filter (HDCQKF), for handling the fractional delay problems. The simulation results conclude an improved accuracy of the HDCQKF-based delayed filtering algorithm in comparison to the popularly known cubature Kalman filter (CKF)-based delayed filtering algorithm.


Background and hypothesis: Occasional reports have suggested that cellular phones may interfere with permanent pacemakers. Our investigation sought to determine systematically the effects of commercially available cellular phones on the performances of different pacing modes and sensing lead configurations of permanent implanted pacemakers.


Different information systems were integrated based on the integrated information technology concept in order to bring the advantages of PIVAS into full play,and improve its quality,management and service.


Energy transfer along a nonconjugated polymer chain is studied with a polystyrene-based copolymer of oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) (OPE) donor and thiophene-benzothiadiazole (TBT) acceptor pendants. The graft copolymers are prepared from reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT) and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne "click" reaction. The singlet energy transfer from donor to accept is studied via fluorescence emission and ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. Near unity quenching of the OPE excited state by the TBT moiety occurs on multiple time scales (2-50 ps) dependent on where the initial exciton is formed on the polymer.


Within the framework of investigation, a general solution to the field equations of micropolar thermodiffusive elastic medium for two-dimensional problem based on the concept of Lord and Shulman [1] theory are obtained by employing Laplace and Fourier transforms. The application of distributed sources has been considered to show the utility of the problem. The transformed components of displacement, stress, temperature distribution and chemical potential distribution are inverted numerically using a numerical inversion technique. Impact of relaxation time, diffusion and micropolarity on these resulting quantities are presented graphically. Some special cases of interest are also deduced from present investigation.


Objective To explore the protective effects and mechanism of spironolactone associated with fluvastatin for rabbit carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques.Methods The rabbit carotid artery atherosclerotic plaques(CAP)model was established through the inducement of high cholesterol.The rabbits were randomly divided into three groups.Group A:control group(n=20),group B:feed with fluvastatin(n=20)and group C:feed with fluvastatin and spironolactone(n=20).The quantity and morphology and asea of rabbit carotid artery plaque were observed eight weeks later.Fibrous-cap thickness,artery middle layer thickness and the proportion of lumen total area were calculated.Results Spironolactone could reduce the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques,increase the fibrous-cap thickness,reduce artery middle layer thickness and the proportion of lumen total area.Conclusion Spironolactone therapy could reduce the formation of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.Spironolactone might stabilize carotid plaques,protect carotid atherosclerotic plaques.


Objective To study the clinical effects of the situation analysis using tension-free hernia repair of inguinal hernia.Methods Our hospital 90 cases of inguinal hernia patients for the study,all patients were randomly divided into in accordance with the observation group and the control group,45 cases in each group.The control group of patients taking traditional repair treatment,observation group were taking tension-free hernia repair treatment,compared to the total efficiency were observed,blood loss,operative time and length of hospital stay,and the relapse rate between the two groups of patients and complications.Results Observation of patients in the total efficiency of 93.33%(42/45) after treatment,significantly higher than 68.89%of patients(31/45)(P0.05).Blood loss in patients in the observation group,the operation time and hospital stay were significantly better than the control group(P0.05).Number of patients relapse and complications of the observation group were significandy lower than the control group(P0.05).Conclusion For inguinal hernia tension-free hernia repair to take significantly improve patients' clinical outcomes,reduce operative time and blood loss,worthy of clinical use.


Signal processing courses form usually a common block within the curriculum of electrical engineering and computer science undergraduate studies. While signal processing is the science behind many technologies used in our everyday life, students usually feel that the practical use of signal processing subjects is obscured due to their intensive theoretical perspective. In this context, audio signal processing is a discipline where many general signal processing concepts can be easily experienced with sound. Specifically, spatial audio, i.e., the manipulation of audio signals with the aim of capturing and/or recreating the spatial impression of sound, provides an excellent and appealing application framework for signal processing education. This paper presents SART3D, an open‐source MATLAB toolbox that facilitates spatial audio and signal processing education by enabling students to focus on the implementation and testing of core algorithms and to experience their own results using real‐time processing. The time required for other nonrelevant aspects, such as hardware and driver set‐up or user interaction, is significantly reduced. Experience evaluated throughout four academic years and 45 students (25% female) indicate they felt particularly engaged when SART3D was included in the course, improving their performance and understanding of the subject. In this context, the four factors defined by the Student Course Engagement Questionnaire (skills, emotional, participation, and performance) were analyzed to assess engagement in its multiple dimensions.


We have proposed practical torque sensing which utilizes a flexible part of a harmonic drive gear. The sensing technique provides joint torque sensing without reducing stiffness of the robot and changing the mechanical structure of the joints. The characteristics of the torque sensing have been studied under an immovable condition. The dependence of characteristics on the rotational velocity have not been discussed. We describe the characteristics under rotational conditions of the harmonic drive. The experimental results show that the accuracy of the torque sensing under high velocity rotation is 2% of the gear torque capacity.


Preface This volume contains 21 contributed papers presented at the 5th International Workshop on Statistical Physics and Mathematics for Complex Systems (SPMCS) held during October 12-15, 2017 in Wuhan, China. Each paper was peer-reviewed by at least one referee chosen from a distinguished international panel. The previous four workshops of this series were organized in 2008, 2010, 2012, and 2014 in Le Mans of France, Wuhan of China, Kazan of Russia, and Yichang of China respectively. The SPMCS international workshop series is destined mainly to communicate and exchange research results and information on the fundamental challenges and questions in the vanguard of statistical physics, thermodynamics and mathematics for complex systems. Topics to be covered but not limited to: • Fundamental aspects in the application of statistical physics and thermodynamics to complex systems and their modeling • Finite-size and nonextensive systems • Fluctuation theorems and equalities, quantum thermodynamics • Variational principle and optimization methods for random dynamics • Social, economic, biological and technological network structure and dynamic processes • Equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase transitions • Temporal network and multi-layer network • Dynamic processes on complex networks • Metaphysics and philosophical reflection on the foundation of physics in general More than 90 participants from 8 countries participated in SPMCS-2017. 47 oral contributions were presented at the workshop. We would like to take this opportunity to thank the members of the Scientific Program Committee, many of whom acted as reviewers of the papers and responded promptly. We would also like to thank all the guest editors who have done excellent review jobs. Special thanks shall go to the organizing committee, the session chairs, the technicians and the students for the smooth running of the whole workshop. The workshop was also partially supported by Central China Normal University and the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities under grant NO. B08033. Special thanks are due to Ms Juy Zhu who has done excellent editing work with great effort. Editors: Wei Li, Sumiyoshi Abe, and Alexandre Wang


A Virtual Open Laboratory Teaching Assistant (VOLTA) provides personalized instruction for students participating in a self-paced undergraduate circuits laboratory. VOLTA allows students to work in the open laboratory even when a teaching assistant is unavailable. The system's components include pre-lab testing and instruction, engineering design exercises, short topic explanation videos, instrumentation instruction (including safety), and a corresponding post-lab test module. This web-based software guides a student through a circuit simulation and hardware laboratory. VOLTA will also answer frequently asked questions that the student might have during the lab. Furthermore, VOLTA can guide the students in building, verifying, and troubleshooting a circuit simulation by utilizing a circuit recognition algorithm. This algorithm uses image processing to recognize the simulated circuits. Preliminary results show the circuit recognizer module can identify simple RLC circuits. This virtual open lab approach requires fewer resources and adds flexibility by using fewer teaching assistants and less dedicated laboratory spaces. The merits of our open laboratory approach include (1) individual, self-paced learning, (2) 24/7 accessibility, (3) personalized instructions for shy or more timid students in a non-threatening environment, and (4) increasing level of engagement. Because of these advantages, students who learn in an open lab environment will perform better than in a traditional closed lab. In this paper, we present the VOLTA software framework and discuss the preliminary results of preand post-lab assessment. The ANOVA test on pre-test and post-test scores showed a p-value of 0.171 indicating a modest improvement in performance compared to students who took the same course taught using a traditional closed laboratory approach. This study suggests that VOLTA can be used as an effective learning tool in circuits' laboratories.


Preface Synopsis of the Discussions 1. Concerning Natural Theology 2. Concerning Theism 3. The Cosmological Argument 4. Creation 5. Eternity 6. Ubiquity 7. Omnipotence 8. Teleology 9. The Argument from Design 10. Examination of Cosmological Theism


Antigone is the heroine of the namesake Greek tragedy Antigone,to which Hegelian interpretation has evoked endless debates.All these debates without exception start with discussion of Antigone's Hamartia and end in falling into one of these three major groups of theories,namely,Antigone's Hamartia is 1)her error,2)her flaw,and 3)her flawless human nature.However,all above prove to be problematic under further scrutinization,hence this paper,after having solved all the problems put before us,has reached its own conclusion:Out of deep love to her father Oedipus,Antigone chose to share her father's fate,to perform duties to her family and to sacrifice her life.That is,Antigone's Hamartia is her filial piety.


Seven patients with symptomatic recurrent dorsal wrist ganglia were treated by excision of the origin of the ganglion from the scapholunate ligament combined with dorsal capsulorrhaphy. All patients presented with radial wrist pain associated with recurrent dorsal wrist ganglia. Examination revealed localised tenderness over the scapholunate joint with clinical signs of scaphoid instability in every case. Postoperatively, all patients reported pain relief and improved wrist function. There have been no recurrences, with an average follow-up of 14 months (range 12–22 months). Dorsal capsulorrhaphy appears to be a successful method of relieving symptoms, improving wrist function and preventing ganglion recurrence.


The relative proximity of Al atoms substituted in zeolite lattices is an important parameter that influences both hydrothermal stability and catalytic function, but the underlying chemistry that governs Al site proximity is not well understood. Here, we examine relationships between exchanged countercations and different Al–Al arrangements in a chabazite (SSZ-13) zeolite lattice. We report periodic supercell density functional theory (DFT) calculations for structures and energies of SSZ-13 lattices with systematically enumerated and varied Al–Al proximity, both charge-uncompensated and charge-compensated by either proton pairs (H+/H+) or divalent copper cations (Cu2+). Al–Al interactions are electrostatically repulsive without charge compensation, but the relative energies of certain Al–Al site arrangements change upon compensation by countercations. Al–Al interactions are uniformly attractive when compensated by H+/H+ pairs but are attractive at long and repulsive at short Al–Al distances when compensate...


To evaluate predictors of long‐term survival for patients with chronic kidney disease primarily due to surgery (CKD‐S). Patients with CKD‐S have generally good survival that approximates patients who do not have CKD even after renal cancer surgery (RCS), yet there may be heterogeneity within this cohort.


Effective atomic charges on H-bearing carbon atoms are suggested as ro-bust predictors of hydrogen-abstraction reactivity of alcohols. Mulliken partial charges and HOMO energy values are calculated at the RHF 6-31G( d , p ) level for 17 monofunctional alcohols and for 13 difunctional alcohols, for which kinetic data are known. As found, the Mulliken charges on carbon atoms are strongly associated with the liability of the C–H bond to undergo hydrogen abstraction. An index of carbon positivity, C P  10 x , where x is the effective partial charge on the carbon atom, is proposed for convenient evaluation of the effect of the partial charge of the carbon atom on its reactivity in the hydrogen-abstraction reaction. The sum of all positivity indices, C P total , is strongly associated with the hydrogen-abstraction rate constant of the alcohol and reflects a combined effect of the reactivity of the dominant hydrogen-abstraction channel and the number of H-bearing carbon atoms in the molecule. Thus, C P total is a crucial predictor of reactivity of alcohols in the hydrogen-abstraction


The objective of this study was to evaluate the Quality of Life (QOL) of master's degree students in Dentistry of the Federal University of Ceará. This was a cross-sectional, quantitative-type study and data collection occurred from August 2015 to May 2016. Sociodemographic variables were investigated and QOL was measured using the Whoqol-bref instrument. Bivariate analysis and multinomial logistic regression were performed. Fifty students participated in the study, 29 were female (58%); 37 were single (74%) and 47 had no children (94%). The results showed that in the QOL analysis, 60% of the sample was satisfied. As for the domains, 82% obtained dissatisfaction/indifference in the Physical domain, while 76% were satisfied with the Social Relations domain. Statistical significance was found when associated with participation in a group of social activities in the Environment domain (p = 0,016). The vast majority of the sample was satisfied with the quality of life, while the Physical domain had the highest percentage of dissatisfaction/indifference and the Social Relationship the highest percentage of satisfaction. Descriptors: Education, Graduate. Dentistry. Religion. Quality of Life. Quality of life of master's degree students in Dentistry Revista da ABENO • 20(1):127-138, 2020 – DOI: 10.30979/rev.abeno.v20i1.900 128


It is not clear how initial therapy with CsA effects indefinite allograft acceptance after small bowel transplantation in the rat. Our study of post-transplant alterations of immune parameters within donor-type mesenteric lymph nodes suggests CsA-dependent, Th2-mediated induction of graft-specific T-cell tolerance.


This paper takes into account the influence of the different impedances of distribution lines on power distribution among inverters when the inverters are paralleled with the droop control method. The impact of distribution lines on the power distribution of inverters can be divided into two aspects. Firstly, since the distributed generators are in low voltage grids, there is resistive impedance in the distribution lines, which will cause control coupling and reduce system stability. The virtual negative resistive impedance of inverters is adopted in this paper to neutralize the resistive element of distribution lines and thus make the distribution line impedance purely inductive. Secondly, after solving the resistive impedance problem, the difference in the inductive impedance value of distribution lines due to the low density of distributed generators will cause an unequal share of reactive power. With regards to this problem, modification is put forward for the droop control strategy to share the reactive power equally. The feasibility of the design is validated by simulation and experimental results.


SILVA, JPC. Maternal conception regarding overweight children and their nutritional status. [Doctorate Thesis]. Sao Paulo: Faculdade de Saude Publica da Universidade de Sao Paulo; 2013. Introduction: The prevalence of obesity has presented numbers each day higher in younger populations, including among young children from families with less favorable socioeconomic status. The determinants of this nutritional deviation that have been studied are diverse, ranging from genetics to environmental factors. Among the latter, the environmental surroundings of the young child, it is possible that the maternal conception, regarding overweight children, is the exogenous factor that contributes to increased risk of developing overweight or obesity in childhood. Objective: Analyze maternal conceptions regarding nutritional status to verify they are the same or if different, can they be factors that contribute to the presence of overweight or obesity in children under the age of four. Methods: This was an observational, exploratory, cross-sectional quantitative-qualitative study. Participants were mothers of children of preschool age, enrolled in public kindergartens in 2011. Mothers of two groups were interviewed: sixteen (16) mothers of overweight or obese children and fifteen (15) mothers of children classified as having normal weight, according to the cutoff points for BMI recommended by the Ministry of Health, Brazil-2008. Content Analysis was the technique utilized with the help of software "Classification Hierarchique Implicative et Cohesitive" to analyze data collected through semi-structured interviews. Results: Maternal conceptions, regarding overweight children and nutritional status of their children, present themselves differently among mothers of preschool overweight /obese children when compared with the conceptions of mothers of normal weight children. With respect to child nutrition, mothers of overweight children perceive that thin children are most likely malnourished. For mothers of normal weight children, reports stress the family influence and genetics as the main determinants of a child's nutritional status. However, for both groups of mothers, the mother figure is perceived as having a key role in shaping the eating habits of children, but the mothers of overweight or obese children seem to not exercise this role when it comes to considering their children. Conclusion: Maternal conceptions about the nutritional status of children are heterogeneous, which includes ownership of them, and could contribute as one of the factors involved in the development of overweight and obesity of their children from pre-school ages on.


The World Health Organization (WHO) defines monoclonal B-Cell Lymphocytosis (MBL) as the presence in Peripheral Blood (PB) of monoclonal populations of B-Lymphocytes (BL) of up to 5x109/L, with the phenotype of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) typical, CLL atypical, or non-CLL, in the absence of B symptoms or clinical manifestations related to chronic B-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders (B-CLPD). It is classified as Low Count (LC) (<500 clonal BL/μL) and High Count (HC) (>500 clonal BL/μL) [1]. It has been described in up to 12% of the healthy adult population [1], a proportion that increases in relatives of patients with CLL/Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL) to around 15% [2]. It is usually a more frequent entity (28.5%) in people with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) [3] infection, and it tends to persist for a long time (90% of cases) with a progression rate of the MBL-HC to clinical manifest B-CLPD between 1-4% per year [1,2]. Currently, it continues to be an entity under study since its possible evolution to CLL or another B-CLPD is clearly unknown [4].


e15126 Background: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are considered to have effects on portal collateral circulation with portal hypertension. According to previous small sample clinical reports, short-term administration of sorafenib might have an effect of decreasing portal venous pressure, while lenvatinib aggravated portal hypertension. Long-term effects of TKIs on portal pressure are still unclear. Therefore, We conducted a prospective cohort study to explore the efficacy of different TKIs for portal circulation in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods: 27 Child-Pugh class A or B patients with advanced HCC were enrolled in this study, 13 patients received lenvatinib, 7 patients sorafenib, and 7 patients regorafenib. Changes of portal hemodynamic parameters were measured by duplex Doppler ultrasonography, including portal venous area (PVA), portal venous flow velocity (PVV) and congestion index (CI) before and after administration of TKIs for an average 40-50 days. Results: In both regorafenib and sorafenib cohorts, PVA decreased after treatment, although the difference was not significant. PVF significantly reduced in sorafenib cohort (24.96±5.60 vs. 15.46±4.50, P= 0.014) and regorafenib cohort (21.43±2.09 vs. 16.01±1.28, P= 0.024), therefore CI significantly increased in sorafenib cohort (0.060±0.042 vs. 0.088±0.040, P= 0.046) and regorafenib cohort (0.068±0.032 vs. 0.090±0.030, P= 0.043). In lenvatinib, both PVA and PVF have no significant change, while CI increased significantly (0.057±0.027 vs. 0.074±0.040, P= 0.030). Conclusions: In this study, TKIs showed different effects on portal hemodynamic change in advanced HCC. Large sample and long time follow-up research will be necessary to verify their clinical and mechanism effects. [Table: see text]


Copyright © 2016. Innovative Research Publications. All Rights Reserved 117  Abstract— In this paper, a physical identification procedure considering the torsionally coupled effect is developed to investigate the dynamic characteristics of an asymmetric base-isolation building equipped with lead–rubber bearings. A rigid superstructure is assumed to approximate the dynamic characteristics of a squat base-isolated structure. The torsional stiffness of the isolation system is considered linear, whereas the translational stiffness in both the x and y directions is assumed bilinear. The hysteresis of the base shear in relation to the bearing displacement is characterized by a backbone curve, by which the multivalued force–deformation relationship can be transformed into a single-valued function, thus simplifying the system identification task. The proposed algorithm extracts the physical parameters of the isolation system in the three independent directions, thereby providing critical information for structural health monitoring. A numerical example is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed technique for asymmetric base-isolated buildings.


The sorption ability of readily available barks of Prosopis cineraria (PCAC) activated by orthophosphoric acid was investigated through the effect of various process parameters such as initial dye concentration [(50 to 200) mg/l], contact time, solution pH (3 to 10), and temperature [(298K to 328K] and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Physiochemical activation process was used to yield a sample with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of 7.024 m²/g. The Activated carbon was characterized by using FTIR and SEM. The various adsorption isotherms and kinetic models were used to interpret the experimental data. Good agreement was found between the experimental results and predicted values by RSM and about 88%, 70% and 93% of removal efficiencies were achieved for cationic (Methylene blue (MB), Rhodamine B (RHB) and Rhodamine 6G (RH6G) dyes with concentration 70 mg/l.


Reengineering of bank is the result of the competition of financial field.It changes the traditional work structure and methods of commercial bank,which includes the governance structure.From the content and the core strategies of reengineering of bank,this paper discusses the revolution of the governance structure of commercial bank.


The importance and extent of aboriginal use of insect resources in California is poorly understood. Specific data on insect utilization are uncommon in the anthropological literature, although several genera have been discussed in some detail (cf. Fenenga and Fisher 1978; Swezey 1978; Fowler and Walter 1985). The purpose of this paper is to discuss one such possible insect resource, Pteronarcys californica Newport (Plecoptera: Pteronarcidae), first noted by Aldrich (1912). This species of stonefly (not a true fly) is commonly known as the California salmon fly, or the willow fly. This stonefly may have been used as food by a number of groups in northeastern California (Fig. 1), a possibility briefly discussed by Essig (1931: 33-35, Figs. 27 and 28) and more fully explored here.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of accompaniment quality on the evaluation of solo instrumental performance. Undergraduate instrumental music education majors (N = 71) listened to and evaluated the accuracy and expressivity of six excerpts of Haydn's Concerto for Trumpet in E-Flat Major, which we created by synchronizing recordings of good and bad performances of a trumpet soloist with good and bad performances of a piano accompaniment (as well as a no-accompaniment condition). Participants also chose one "best aspect of the performance" and one "aspect needing most improvement" for each excerpt. Significant main effects for accompaniment condition (good, bad, or none) and solo condition (good or bad) were found, in addition to interaction effects. Results of a Solo × Accompaniment interaction signified that participants' ratings were not independent of accompaniment condition, and this effect was moderated by the performance quality of the trumpet soloist. Additionally, participants noted different "best aspects" and "aspects needing most improvement" based on both solo performance quality and accompaniment condition.


PURPOSE: Provided is a composition for prevention and treatment of obesity containing berberine having inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation (3T3-L1 AND F442A cell). The berberine is of protoberberine alkaloid compounds and represented by the formula(1), and has prevention and treatment effects on obesity. CONSTITUTION: A composition for prevention and treatment of obesity is characterized by containing berberine having inhibitory effects on adipocyte differentiation (3T3-L1 AND F442A cell) as an active ingredient. The berberine is derived from a herbal plant selected from Corydalis ternata, Chelidonium major, Coptis japonica, and Phellodendron amurense. It further contains pharmaceutically acceptable diluent.


Pre-stress degradation or looseness of rock bolts in mining or tunnel engineering threatens the stability and reliability of the structures. In this paper, an innovative piezoelectric device named a "smart washer" with the impedance method is proposed with the aim of developing a real-time device to monitor the pre-stress level of rock bolts. The proposed method was verified through tests on a rock bolt specimen. By applying high-frequency sweep excitations (typically >30 kHz) to the smart washer that was installed on the rock bolt specimen, we observed that the variation in impedance signatures indicated the rock bolt pre-stress status. With the degradation of rock bolt pre-stress, the frequency in the dominating peak of the real part of the electrical impedance signature increased. To quantify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, a normalized root mean square deviation (RMSD) index was developed to evaluate the degradation level of the rock bolt pre-stress. The experimental results demonstrated that the normalized RMSD-based looseness index, which was computed from the impedance value detected by the "smart washer", increased with loss of the pre-stress of the rock bolt. Therefore, the proposed method can effectively detect the degradation of rock bolt pre-stress, as demonstrated by experiments.


Solanum crispum Ruiz & Pav. (S. crispum) is a southern South American native plant that is usually used in traditional medicine for the treatment of symptoms associated with both, acute and chronic ailments. Enema and infusion of leaves and stems are used to treat fever, headache, inflammation and hypertension. In this study, we aim to assess the vasoactive effect of hydroalcoholic extracts of S. crispum on isolated rat aorta rings. The hydroalcoholic extract of S. crispum induced a vasodilatory effect (42.6 ± 4.1%) in aortic rings precontracted with phenylephrine (0.1 μM). The aortic relaxation was largely endothelium-dependent and mediated by nitric oxide (NO). The endothelium- and NO-dependence was demonstrated by a drastic fall in the dilatation induced by the extract when the endothelium was removed (10.6 ± 2.3%) and when nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was inhibited (12.3 ± 2.5%) by nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA). This result supports the popular use of S. crispum in the treatment of hypertension that may be due, at least in part, to the vasodilator effect of one o more compounds present in their leaves and stems. Further studies should be performed to clarify this phenomenon.


BLOOD group tests performed on 141 New Guinea natives were reported in an earlier paper from this laboratory (Sanger, Walsh and Kay, 1950). A further 357 natives, members of the Royal Papuan Infantry Battalion, have since been tested to form the basis of this report. In addition the two series have been combined and attempts have been made to demonstrate differences in the frequency of various blood groups in different geographic regions.


INTRODUCTION In presenting this address, may I say how pleased I am that it is taking place in Oakley Hospital, where I spent a pleasant fortnight two years ago in relation to its Research Foundation. For me, Oakley has two links with social psychiatry. The first is an historical link, in that the renowned John Connolly, former Superintendent of Hanwell Asylum, was connected with the hospital in later life and is honoured by the creation of the Connolly Room, which contains, among other relics, a large portrait in oils and a handsome silver piece presented to him by grateful citizens. In 1853, in the first issue of the Asylum Journal of Mental Science, the then editor, Dr Charles Bucknill, wrote: From the time when Pinel obtained the permission of Couthon to try the humane experiment of releasing from fetters some of the insane citizens chained to the dungeon walls of the BicZtre to the date when Connolly announced that in the vast asylum [Hanwell] over which he presided, mechanical restraints in the treatment of the insane had been entirely abandoned and superseded by moral influence, a new school of medicine has been gradually forming. (Quoted in Brit. med. I . , 26 June, 1971, p. 724). The second and current link of Oakley Hospital with social psychiatry refers to its rehabilitation and community resettlement programme where, with the aid of long-acting injectable phenothiazines and social community supports, hundreds of patients who would otherwise have had to be permanently hospit* Presidential Address 8th Annual Congress A.N.Z.C.P., alized are being maintained as functioning members of society. October, 1971, deli&ed at Oakley Hospitgl Auckland. I. Chairman, Mental Health Authority, Victoria. Alan Stoller,


With the popularity of mobile devices, learning through mobile device proliferated in the education sector. Now a day's mobile devices and mobile technologies are advancing rapidly. Therefore, mobile learning surpassing all other educational servicing methods. On the other hand, human life style averts stagnated education and demanding synchronous mode education such as learning while working. In this study we set out to look-over influencing factors on mobile devices for applicable and sustainable mobile learning environment. In this study we propose an impact model consists six influencing factors i.e. screen size, supportive software, screen zooming, video playback control, touch screen keyboard, and language predictive tools. 120 university teachers and learners with equal portion in each category participated on the model evaluation through pre and post survey questionnaires. Initially they faced pre survey questionnaire with their prior mobile learning experience and finally took the post survey questionnaire after successfully working on the Moodle mobile app modified by first author. The results revealed that the most significant impact factor in the proposed model was 'screen zooming'. Hence, when designing applicable and sustainable mobile learning environment it should be considered that, the screen zooming as the most significant mobile device feature for learner and teacher to adopt in mobile learning.


One-part or "just add water" geopolymer is a cementitious material, which is friendly to environment and users in applications. However, the mechanical behavior of the soft soil stabilized by one-part geopolymer is not well acknowledged. In this study, soft clay was stabilized with ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA)-based geopolymer, which is a mixture of solid aluminosilicate precursor (Al-Si raw materials: GGBFS and FA), solid alkali activator, and water. The objective was to adopt one-part geopolymer as an alternative soil binder to completely replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for stabilizing the soft clay and evaluate the effect of the factors (i.e., GBFS/FA ratio in Al-Si precursor, activator/Al-Si precursor ratio, and water/binder ratio) that influenced the early strength. Results showed that the increase of the FA content in the Al-Si precursor increased the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values significantly through the geopolymerization process. The highest UCS values were achieved with 90% GGBFS to 10% FA in the precursor when the activator/precursor and water/binder ratio is 0.15 and 0.7, respectively. The UCS values of geopolymer-stabilized clay could reach 1.5 MPa at 14 days at ambient temperature, which is much higher than that of OPC-stabilized clay. The microstructure and mineralogy analyses indicated that the prolific hydration products, such as calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), calcium aluminum hydrate (C-A-H), and calcium aluminum silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H), contributed greatly to strengthen the soft clay by forming the soil skeleton and infilling among clay particles, while sodium aluminosilicate (N-A-S-H) gel is only served to fill the part of porosities in the soil and cannot effectively enhance the UCS of the one-part geopolymer-stabilized soft clay. This paper results suggested that one-part GGBFS-FA–based geopolymers have the potential to replace OPC in the manufacture of stabilized soft clay.


Part 1 of this article discussed the issues related to the diagnosis of developmental dyspraxia and promoted the use of the term to describe a primary dysfunction in the processes of ideation and motor planning. Part 2 will discuss the processes of evaluation and outline an occupational therapy framework in the treatment of developmental dyspraxia. Recommendations about the way forward will be discussed.


We report molecular simulation and experimental results for simple fluids adsorbed in activated carbon fibers (ACF), where the adsorbed phase consists of either one or two molecular layers. Our molecular simulations involve smooth pore-walls for large system sizes and a systematic system size-scaling analysis. We provide calculations of the Ginzburg parameter to monitor the self-consistency of our finite size simulation results, based on which we establish that for system sizes smaller than 60 molecular diameters, fluctuations are too large to uphold the finite size simulation results. We present scaling analysis and free energy results for a system size of 180 molecular diameters. Our scaling analysis reveals a two-stage melting in our bilayer system consistent with KTHNY scaling for the order parameter correlation functions. Based on the Lee-Kosterlitz scaling of the free energy surface, we establish that the transitions are first order in the thermodynamic limit. Similar results for a monolayer established that the transitions were continuous. We provide scaling arguments to suggest that the change in the order of the transitions in going from a monolayer to bilayer adsorbed system results from the interactions of defects in the multilayers. We also report experimental measurements


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In order to identify the structure of the surface of AIN, an infrared study was conducted. AIN powder was thermally treated either under vacuum or under controlled atmospheres using probe molecules at different temperatures. The surface presented OH and NH groups originating from the hydrolysis of Al—N bonds as well as Al3+ Lewis-acid sites (Al3+ ions in both tetrahedral and octahedral coordination). Some Al—H bonds were also present.


In this work the finite element technique was used to obtain the air distribution in a mass of corn kernels submitted to an aeration process. The product (13% w.b.) was stored in metallic bin provided with a circular duct aeration system. The mass of grains was considered as being composed of regions (distributed resistances) that offer different resistances to the airflow in the horizontal and vertical directions. The model for air distribution in the bin was validated through experiments under similar conditions to the simulated ones with 0.0157 m3 s-1 m-2 airflow. The simulated air distribution indicated the existence of zones of low air velocities in the mass of grains located at the base of the bin (close to the center and to the wall of the bin). The simulated and experimental air velocities on the surface of the mass of grains showed a uniform tendency. The use of the finite element technique for the prediction of the airflow distribution in bins with aeration system was satisfactory and it involved a mean relative error of 6.9%..