Cable burial by plowing, using large sled-type cable plows towed by large powerful cable ships is the standard and most widely used commercial method of protecting submarine telephone cables from fishing activity, large ship anchors and other ocean hazards. With the world's transoceanic cable systems now rapidly expanding into a global undersea network for the new millennium-and transoceanic cables connected to regional systems, which are then connected to domestic systems-there is a market trend towards an increased percentage of short-haul and non-repeatered systems. Many of these cable segments are less than 300 kilometers in length, will be deployed in shallow water (less than 1500 meters) and will require a more cost-effective burial approach. Hence, even though the "brute force" passive trenching method has become established as relatively reliable, there is a growing need for a more versatile, efficient and economical cable plowing system. Jet-assisted plows are similar to passive plowing tools and have demonstrated their ability to achieve adequate burial depth at reduced tow tension and increased forward speed. These plows utilize nozzles that introduce water at the soil interface to assist the trenching tool, reducing the stresses due to localized changes in soil conditions and possibly reducing pore water effect in cohesionless sands. Caldwell Cable Ventures, Inc. (a General Dynamics Company) has been applying this technology for more than 20 years, burying power and telecommunications cables in riverbeds, lakes and marshes to depths of up to 14 meters. More recently, General Dynamics-ATS (GD-ATS) and Tyco Submarine Systems, Ltd. (TSSL) have developed new high performance cable plows based on a novel Swept Flow Jetter (SFJ) approach. Additionally, The GD-ATS plow has an on-board cable engine to provide both cable tension and slack management, and a single combination tow/umbilical cable to reduce the number of cable winches and overall number of cables in the water column. The TSSL plow has a novel, more responsive "rudder type" steering arrangement. These new features have been successfully tested, providing a new level of cable plow performance and an economical burial alternative for the undersea cable construction industry.


The polyaspartic acid and hydroxyphonoacetic acid are synthesized respectively,then combined with antiscalant and dispersant polyacrylic agents so that a low-phosphorus environment-friendly water treatment agent is produced,which has a property of partial biodegradation.Further study shows that its properties of scale and corrosion inhibition are satisfactory.


This is the River Dart, Weir and Fish Pass Survey 1992 report produced by the National Rivers Authority.
It goes through the general condition of Weirs and fish passes to determine the extent of problems associated with the upstream and downstream migration of salmonids. It considers solutions where problems exist and investigates the exact use of the resource. It looks at the following Weirs: Totnes, Staverton, Hood, Kilbury, Buckfast, Holne, Mardle (River Mardle), Holybrook (Holybrook), Jordan (West Webburn), Swincombe Intake (River Swincombe), Blackbrook, West Dart, Cowsic (Devonport Leat), Kingfisher Press (Bidwell Brook) and Bagpark (East Webburn). It also contains location maps of the weirs and individual fact sheets along detailed pictures and diagrams.


The present study reports the length-weight relationship, relative condition factor of two fish species Puntius sophore (Hamilton, 1822) and Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822) of Deepar Beel (wetland) of Assam. The fishes are separated into two groups-Sub Adult and adult stage. The growth performance of length-weight relationship is found high since the correlation coefficient 'r' exhibits high degree of relationship but shows negative allometric correlation. The negative allometric growth may be due to lower feeding proficiencies and/or may be due to environmental or seasonal incompatibility for proper growth of fishes. The present findings also indicate that the value of 'b' in all cases is lower than 3.0, being a constant for an ideal fish. The Kn value of Sub Adult Puntius sophore, Adult Puntius sophore, sub adult Systomus sarana and adult Systomus sarana are 0.93 1.07, 0.85 1.19, 0.90-1.13 and 0.86 1.06 respectively which are more or less similar.


Background: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders and is usually associated with abdominal pain. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness and neurofeedback on quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Materials & Methods: The present study was a pretest-posttest control group design with a two-month follow-up. The study population included all women with irritable bowel syndrome referred to gastroenterology centers and clinics of Qazvin city in 2019. Patients were selected by convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two experimental and one control groups (n=45). The experimental groups underwent Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Neurofeedback (NFB). The Rome-III diagnostic criteria form and the WHOQOLBREF were administered. Data were analyzed using repeated measure analysis of variance. Results: There was significant difference between NFB and control group for total quality of life and all its components. The mean between-group difference (MD) of total quality of life score in NFB compared to control group was 21.2±2.58 in post-test and 15.4±2.35 in follow-up (P<0.05). MBCT group was significantly different with the control group in component of general health both in post-test (MD= 0.93±0.53) and follow-up (MD=0.73±0.53), (P<0.05). Conclusion: NFB therapy considerably improved the quality of life of patients with IBS that was remained after two months of follow-up, while MBCT was only effective on improvement of general health in comparison with the control group.


We proposed a method for embedding binary data into JPEG bitstreams and extracting embedded data from JPEG bitstreams using the standard JPEG decoder. In the proposed method, we can decode the image from the embedded binary data JPEG bitstreams first using the traditional standard JPEG decoder, and then we can extract the embedded binary data perfectly by the post-processing from the decoded JPEG image. For the post-processing, we use only the decoded image data to extract the embedded binary data. Namely, we do not need any kind of particular parameters, which are used for JPEG decoding, such as quantization table value. Thus, we can use the traditional standard JPEG decoder for the pre-processing of extracting binary data. Furthermore, we address the effect of the calculation bit accuracy of the DCT and inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT) for extracting embedded binary data perfectly as post-processing. Simulations using extracting embedded binary data as post-processing are presented to quantify some performance factors of concern. We confirmed that the proposed method could be of practical use.


Environmental context Chlorinated organic atmospheric pollutants, which can be produced naturally or anthropogenically, are considered as a factor responsible for stratospheric ozone depletion. Based on experimental simulations and low temperature vibrational spectroscopy, this work reports a mechanism for the reaction of chloroalkanes with ozone. This reaction leads to the formation of the photochemically reactive chlorine oxide species. Kinetics and implications of the reactions are discussed. Abstract The present work deals with the important problem of stratospheric ozone depletion and an investigation of the atmospheric decay of organic pollutants. The products of the heterogeneous reactions of ozone with chloroethane and 1-chloropropane in a flow-through vacuum electric discharge unit under conditions similar those observed in the stratosphere are studied by low-temperature infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy. Taking into account the literature data, a scheme for the interaction of ozone with halogen-substituted alkanes at low temperatures is proposed, which shows the formation of chlorine oxides that have high photochemical activity and can cause damage to the ozone layer even when present in small concentrations. The conversion of chloroalkanes over time demonstrates the first-order-decay behaviour of the investigated processes.


Orbital elements are derived from new spectroscopic and photometric observations. The masses and radii are inconsistent with evolutionary tracks for single stars, but neither star fills its Roche lobe. Analysis of the circumstellar Balmer emission lines indicates that the primary is surrounded by an extensive, highly flattened disk of nonuniform density. The velocity gradient in the disk is steeper than that expected from Keplerian motion.


Manufacturers that offer a warranty on their products are aware of the pitfalls of warranty management. Claims eat up a sizable percentage of annual revenue, and fraudulent claims are a perennial problem. Supplier recovery is not where it should be, and each department involved in warranty is not necessarily aware of the practices followed by other departments. In addition, many manufacturers do not have a system for capturing and archiving quality problem data to improve the next generation of products.


The key contribution of the paper is to develop a new and explicit characterisation of the concept of persistency of excitation for time invariant systems in the presence of possibly unbounded signals. The implication of this result is the adaptive control of a class of linear time varying systems is also investigated. Simulation results are presented comparing alternative algorithms for the adaptive control of time varying systems. ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR ADAPTIVE CONTROL B. Widrow* and E. Walach** *Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California USA **Chaim Weitzman Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA Abstract. A few of the well established methods of adaptive signal processing theory are modified and extended in order to address some of the basic issues of adaptive control. An unknown plant will track an input command signal if the plant is preceded by a controller whose transfer function approximates the inverse of the plant transfer function. An adaptive inverse modeling process can be used to obtain a stable controller, whether the plant is minimum or non-minimum phase, a model-reference version of this idea allows system dynamics to closely approximate desired reference model dynamics. No direct feedback is involved. However the system output is monitored and utilized in order to adjust the parameters of the controller. The proposed method performs very well in computer simulations of a wide range of stable plants, and it seems to be a promising alternative approach to the design of adaptive control systems. ROBUSTNESS ISSUES IN ADAPTIVE CONTROL R.L. Kosut Integrated Systems, Inc., 151 University Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94301, USA t These abstracts are reprinted by kind permission of Pergamon Press Ltd, Oxford, from the Proceedings of the IF AC Workshop: 1. D. LANDAU et al. Adaptive Systems in Control & Signal Processing 1983. Proceedings of the IFAC Workshop, San Francisco, USA, 20-22 June 1983. Presents and discusses the important developments which have taken place in the field of adaptive systems during the last few years, giving an overview of the state-of-the-art from both theoretical and practical points of view. The Editor is grateful to Pergamon Press Ltd for their helpful co-operation. Abstract. The robustness properties of adaptive control systems are examined from an input/output view. This setting allows for the plant to be linear, nonlinear, continuous or discrete. Stability theorems are presented that provide conditions for both global and local stability. It is shown that global stability is guaranteed if a certain subsystem operator is strictly positive, which, unfortunately, has a very limited robustness property. The local stability conditions presented are not so restricted and do not require a positivity condition. ROBUST REDESIGN OF ADAPTIVE CONTROL IN THE PRESENCE OF DISTURBANCES AND UNMODELLED DYNAMICS


Structural reanalysis problems, such as in nonlinear finite element analysis or optimum design, involve progressive changes in the global stiffness matrix and its matrix factors. Although many studies have been devoted to the subject of matrix factor modification, most investigations have dealt with the problem separately from sparse matrix methods. This paper introduces a graph-theoretic model for the forward solution procedure which is applicable for identifying the modified entries of the matrix factors due to changes in the original matrix. Applications of this graph-theoretic model to existing refactorization methods are presented. The relation between substructuring and sparse matrix ordering strategies, and their effects on reanalysis are discussed. Modification of a sparse matrix associated with an n × n finite element grid ordered by the nested dissection scheme is analysed.


The utility model discloses a metal oxide lightning arrester on-line detection system, comprising a microprocessor, wherein a leakage current sampling module is connected with the microprocessor through an A/D conversion module, a lightning stroke counting module is connected with the microprocessor through a counter, and the microprocessor is respectively connected with a storage device, a liquid crystal display and a communication module. The metal oxide lightning arrester on-line detection system can reliably and accurately realize centralized monitoring and accurately and timely report the operation condition; if the leakage occurs, the on-line detection system can automatically emit an alarm signal to enable the operators to timely master and process the accident hidden trouble in advance, thereby ensuring the safe operation of the system. The metal oxide lightning arrester on-line detection system works under the operation state of a lightning arrester, and on one hand can ensure the safe operation early warning system of the transformer station lightning arrester and enable the failure lightning arrester to be early discovered and eliminated in order to avoid the explosion of the arrester, on the other hand can transmit the leakage current and motion frequency data of the arrester remotely, thereby dispensing with the trouble of manual recording and meter reading, and reducing the workload.


The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of monthly time series data of macroeconomic variables from January 2005 to October 2021 on Iraqi's stock market performance. The Iraqi Cen- tral Bank (ICB) was used to gather the information. This study used four macroeconomic factors as independent variables (money supply, interest rate, exchange rate and inflation rate), and market capitalization as a proxy for stock market performance as a dependent variable. All of the variables were stationary at a (level) according to the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. Money supply has a significant positive effect by nearly 0.50; interest rates have a significant negative effect 0.53; exchange rate has a significant positive effect by0.62; while the inflation rate has a negative but sta- tistically nonsignificant on stock market performance by 0.002, according to the Autoregressive Dis- tributed Lag (ARDL) regression results. Analysis of long-term macroeconomic variables and stock market performance shows that there is a long-term correlation. The true determinants of the Iraqi stock market's success are money supply, exchange rate and interest rate, as all have a major impact.


Immunological studies of forty‐three patients with cystic fibrosis showed that positive prick tests to at least one common allergen were obtained in 70%, to multiple allergens in 28% and to A. fumigatus in 50%. Specific IgE antibodies against these allergens were found in the appropriate subjects. In spite of this evidence of type 1, IgE, sen‐sitization none of the patients had a history of infantile eczema.


We visited our relations in spring last year. They raise their living from the central western plains of New South Wales, near Forbes. This is not the kind of country where city folk buy hobby farms, or aspire to holiday homes. A day's drive from Sydney, it is not easy or pretty. It is working-farm country, straightforward and pragmatic, although the flat pastures and waving wheat have their own beauty in good times. These are not good times.


Remembering John Marshall, a short look at the life of John Marshall and his engagement with the Nyae Nyae in North East Namibia, provides a useful introduction to Bitter Roots. The earlier DVD gives us a brief account of Marshall's life while describing his work with the Ju/'hoansi people of the Kalahari. In Bitter Roots we see Marshall's ideals, embodied in his and Claire Ritchie's development NGO, ultimately distorted into a well-meaning, albeit flawed project. As well as probing ideas of representation and modernity, and in particular Western demands for an 'authentic' African way of life, the two documentaries serve to show how well-meaning initiatives and community development can be undermined by unfettered Western influence and manipulation. Remembering John Marshall looks at the complex figure of John Marshall, a man who became intimately acquainted with the Nyae Nyae region of the Kalahari. We see how Marshall's simple interest in the Nyae Nyae region and the Ju/'hoansi developed into a lifelong endeavour and ultimately an activist crusade – (a development already well documented in Lauren van Vuuren's 'And he said they were Ju/Wasi, the people... ': History and Myth in John Marshall's "Bushmen Films" 1957–2000', in Journal of Southern African Studies, 35, 3 (September 2009). The most prominent break in Marshall's style probably came with the 1980 film N!ai: The Story of a !Kung Woman (1980)). Remembering John Marshall contains footage of family members, former colleagues and students speaking, as well as archival material from his own documentary movies. We see the development from youthful engagement to almost familial ties with his then-subjects, now friends and colleagues, and the change from an objective observer and documentary filmmaker to an engaged participant. Interviewees reveal a complex figure, respected even by those that disliked him, yet prone to inciting fear into his awe-struck students and colleagues. Marshall had a sense of purpose and drive that at times infuriated those around him, yet also possessed a lasting determination and exceptional ability. The high point of his research and filmmaking came in the form of the five-part, six-hour documentary series A Kalahari Family, reflecting over 50 years' engagement with the Ju/'hoansi and the development of their/Marshall's relationship over a half-century. Marshall passed away in 2005, four years after the end of the series. Bitter Roots: The Ends of a Kalahari Myth is not a documentary about John Marshall, yet his presence looms large. Adrian Strong, who worked with Marshall and the Ju/'hoansi in the Kalahari, returns to Nyae Nyae 20 years after his last involvement with the region and its inhabitants. In the aftermath of A Kalahari Family and Marshall's death, Strong and Claire Ritchie go back to Namibia to see how the people of Nyae Nyae have fared since they last set foot in the country. What remained of the community's interaction with Marshall/Ritchie's NGO (the Nyae Nyae Development Foundation) had become all but meaningless: the community which had become self-empowered and engaged in farming and maintaining livestock see this livelihood all but eroded, as the World Wildlife Federation (WWF) and other international bodies set a primacy on conservation projects and tourism in the region and a move away from small-scale farming and landholding. We see the ultimate irony of those who wish to farm being told they cannot expand due to conservation programmes, with these very conservation programmes seeking to protect lions in the region, lions which attack the remaining livestock. These former hunter-gatherers, whom we see in Marshall's films building functioning wells and learning crop maintenance and modern farming techniques, are thus left in a strange paradigm: no longer the hunter-gatherers of old, yet also deprived of their long-fought for economic independence, now forced to make ends meet through basic rations from NGOs and the government. Furthermore, they are put in the position of having to dress in traditional costume for tourists or documentary film-makers seeking to re-create images of the hunter-gatherer way of life. Water and access to water provide a key theme throughout Bitter Roots: in one scene we see a watering hole once built for a local community standing in disarray, while one for elephants, where


BaM ferrite is a ferrimagnetic ceramic usually applied in high density recording media and as permanent magnet. This magnetic material shows high chemical stability, corrosion resistance and low production cost. This work shows the effects of barium excess on the BaM ferrite processing and on their magnetic properties. The use of barium excess had been used in some of ferrite industries to avoid the hematite and magnetite phase on the final products. In this work, barium ferrites were produced by traditional ceramic route and by combustion reaction (SHS) using barium nitrate and also barium carbonate. Two relations between barium and iron were used in all BaM ferrite processing, one stoichiometric (n = Fe2O3/BaO = 6) and another non-stoichiometric (n = Fe2O3/BaO = 5.45). All powders were submitted to different calcination conditions and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and magnetic characteristics. The presence of barium excess on the BaM ferrite resulted in the presence of the nonmagnetic BaFe2O4 phase that remains after the calcination and sintering processes. The BaFe2O4 phase is deleterious to the powder magnetic properties such as coercivity, remanence magnetic induction and BHMax. This damage was more significant on the BaM ferrite processed by SHS process, where the coercivity decreased in 28.8% and the BHMax in 35,1%.The barium ferrite powder produced by traditional ceramic route shows high values of coercivity (4.28 kOe) and BHMax (0.87 MOe*emu/g), and the effect on the magnetic properties of barium excess was not so harmful than it was in the ferrite powders produced by SHS.


A small absolute metal photoelectric coded disk using single-loop gray codes belongs to the technical fields of photoelectric measurement, relates to a metal photoelectric coded disk, and aims at resolving the technical problem of providing a small absolute metal photoelectric coded disk using single-loop gray codes. The technical scheme is that the small absolute metal photoelectric coded disk using single-loop gray codes comprises a metal code disk and a metal slit disk, wherein the metal code disk adopts a coding method in single-loop gray code mode, the metal slit disk is evenly divided into n light transmission areas at the 360-degree periphery, the metal code disk is arranged on a spindle and can move along the spindle, and the metal slit disk is fixed. Thus, the small absolute metal photoelectric coded disk using single-loop gray codes is formed.


ABSTRACT Research adopting an interdisciplinary, behavioural perspective on Public Policy and Public Administration is booming. Yet there has been little integration into mainstream public policy scholarship. Behavioural public administration (BPA) and behavioural public policy (BPP) have emerged largely as two disconnected subfields. We propose the overarching term 'behavioural governance' to refer to the cognitive and decision processes through which decision-makers, implementing actors and target populations shape and react to public policies and to each other, as well as the impacts of these processes on individual and group behaviour. To allow an integrative perspective, this introductory essay discusses how a behavioural perspective can deepen understanding of different phases of the policy process. We connect insights from a long established public policy and administration scholarship which has not always been self-defined as 'behavioural' with more recent studies adopting a more explicitly behavioural perspective, including those in this Special Issue from varied national contexts.


Ventricular catheters with subcutaneous reservoirs (VCSR) may be associated with complications such as misplacement, bleeding, and infection.1–4 We report the case of a girl diagnosed with medulloblastomaat theageof10monthsand treatedwith chemotherapy, including 30 injections of intraventricular methotrexate, after tumor resection. 5 Nineteen months after VCSR placement and 13 months after its last use and last, negative, CSF culture, the patient presented with intermittent fever without a focus lasting several days. A few hours later, she developed acute right-sided hemiparesis. MRI showed new bilateral stenoses of middle and anterior cerebral arteries and ischemia of the left putamen and caudate nucleus (Fig. 1). CSF sampled by lumbar and VCSR aspiration showed polynuclear pleocytosis, high protein and low glucose levels, consistent with meningitis/ventriculitis. The patient was treated with ceftriaxone and aspirin. Both CSF cultures grew Staphylococcus epidermidis. Blood cultures taken from her central venous catheter were negative. No indications of autoimmune disease or thrombophilia were found, and previous MRI exams did not show any vascular abnormalities. Vasculitis as a complication of the infection was assumed and systemic steroids were administered. During the following days, she developed hemidystonia necessitating sedative, pain and antidystonic medication. The VCSR was removed and anticoagulation was started. Microbiological evaluation of the explanted reservoir also revealed S. epidermidis, corroborating the presumption that the VCSR was the source of infection. At discharge from rehabilitation, mild hemidystonia persisted, MRI showed regression of infarction areas andnormalizationof vascular structure. Early removal of the VCSR after the end of chemotherapy would probably have prevented the infection and its consequences. Infection, mostly by skin flora bacteria, is one of the most commonly reported complications associated with VCSR, but reported infection rates vary widely.1–4,6 While one of the largest series of long-term indwelling intraventricular devices in children described no infections at all,7 a VCSR-associated infection rate of 15% was found in a recently published large prospective multicenter trial for pediatric medulloblastoma.3 One third of reservoir-related infections occurwithin30daysof implantation, suggesting theplacement itself to be responsible in a significant number.1,3,8 There are only 5 reports of late-onset (i.e. more than 1 year after last use) VCSR-associated infections, each in adult patients.6,8,9 VCSR are frequently not removed after the end of therapy due to the perceived risk of hemorrhage resulting from possible adherence to


While the COVID-19 pandemic progresses, politicians and media outlets in the USA have compared the pandemic with World War II (WWII). Though women's reproductive health has been affected by both COVID-19 and WWII, these specific health needs are not included in either event's mainstream narrative. This article explores the pandemic's war metaphor through the lens of women's reproductive health, arguing for a reframing of the metaphor. Narrative-building determines how health needs are perceived and addressed. A modification of the WWII metaphor can ensure that the narrative formulating around COVID-19 is inclusive of the women's reproductive health needs that are eminently present.


. The Hele-Shaw flow of a slow viscous fluid between slightly separated plates is analyzed in the ill-posed case when the fluid recedes due to absorption through a core C. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given on the initial domain occupied by the fluid to ensure the existence of a solution. Regularity of the free boundary is established in certain rather general cases. Similar results are obtained for the analogous parabolic version, which models the one-phase Stefan problem for supercooled water.


Writing centres have had to adapt to many challenges, including the move to online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic. In South Africa this move was complexified by differential access to digital environments and contextual issues such as lack of electricity and rolling blackouts. Writing centres also need to consider the increasing massification of higher education and ways of harnessing diverse resources to enrich communication. This paper explores writing centre approaches to research and pedagogy within a social justice agenda, including combining an academic literacies approach with a multimodal social semiotic approach. It also investigates innovative approaches to teaching writing in diverse and multilingual contexts, including expanding the repertoire of resources used in writing consultations. It argues that the explicit utilisation of a range of modes can enhance writing production and enable writers to actively explore different modes for constructing meaning. The paper reflects on developing inclusive multimodal writing centre materials. It then explores the changing function of modes in online and face-to-face consultations (post-pandemic lockdowns), including talk as mode, silence as mode, visual modes, and the use of time. The aim is to interrogate our academic practices concerning the diverse languages and various forms of communication that students possess, whether in virtual or physical learning environments.


FIELD: medicine, gastroenterology, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention describes a new form of omeprazole magnesium salt, method of its preparing and a pharmaceutical composition containing omeprazole magnesium salt as an active component and a method of treatment of patients with sicknesses associated with secretion of gastric acid in mammals and humans. Method of producing a new form of omeprazole magnesium salt can be realized in the industrial scale and therefore a new form of omeprazole magnesium salt can be used in the process of the full-scale industrial production of pharmaceutical compositions, for example, tablets. EFFECT: improved method of production, enhanced effectiveness of the composition. 28 cl, 2 dwg, 4 ex


Video indexing requires the efficient segmentation of the video into scenes. In the method we propose, the video is first segmented into shots and key-frames are extracted using the global k-means clustering algorithm that represent each shot. Then an improved spectral clustering method is applied to cluster the shots into groups based on visual similarity and a label is assigned to each shot according to the group that it belongs to. Next, a method for segmenting the sequence of shot labels is applied, providing the final scene segmentation result. Numerical experiments indicate that the method we propose correctly detects most of the scene boundaries while preserving a good trade off between recall and precision.


This work is devoted to research of the opportunity of surfaces micro-relief formation in anti-reflection coatings deposited on GaN substrates. It is offered to use SiO2 films as anti-reflection coatings in which the micro-relief surface with regular structure is formed by means of electron beam lithograph. Using electron beam lithograph the micro-relief in the form of nanoedges with distance between them of 500 nanometers and the basis diameter of 284 nanometers. Thus the nanoedges density of 1,4·107 obj/sm2 is received.


In order to implement the spirit of the Seventeenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China,we should at first strengthen the construction of our party.Therefore,we should improve the quality of our party's leadership.The quality of party comittee's leadership is a tendency in which leadership satisfies all sorts of customers'needs.As for universities,regulating the power relations is a key in realizing a qualified party committee's leadership.The ways to realize this are to regulate the relationship among party committee's leaders, administrative power,academic power and teachers' power.


There are more than 80 million users of soft contact lenses in the world - 10-15 % of the population. The prevalence of meibomyus gland dysfunction is 43-61 % with the prevalence of obstructive form and the development of lipodeficiency in lacrimal film. At the same time, the use of traditional tear substitutes based on hyaluronic acid is ineffective and the problem of finding a tear substitute with exposure to all 3 layers of lacrimal film becomes relevant. Nanoemulsion "Cationorm" is created as a means of pathogenetic therapy of dry eye syndrome against the background of lipodeficiency, however, there weren't any studies of its effectiveness in obstructive form of meibomyus gland dysfunction among users of soft contact lenses. We examined 3 layers of lacrimal film with the help of Norn's sample with determination of time of lacrimal film break, bio-measurement of lacrimal meniscus and biomicoscopy of eyelid edge region at painting of lissamino-om green. The study involved 28 young carriers of silicone-hydrogel contact lenses with signs of obstructive form of meibomyus gland dysfunction, who we divided into two groups: a control group used to eliminate the symptoms of a hyaluronic acid-based tear substitute, and an experimental group using the drug "Cationorm". We revealed prolonged effect of nanoemulsion "Cationorm" on all three layers of lacrimal film, which hasn't only symptom lacrimal, but has pathogenetic therapeutic delayed effect among users of soft contact lenses with obstructive form of dysfunction of meibomyum glands, and nanostimer of lipid microspheres provides full compatibility even with material of silicone-hydrogel soft contact lenses. We proved the protective effect of the preparation on ocular epithelium cells.


Probability (Markov) matrices and graphical analysis suggest that inclusion of mean summer temperature (Dec - Feb) significantly improves predictions of grass grub (Costelytra zealandica) outbreaks in Canterbury based on current density and disease levels. Outbreaks tend not to occur (7% chance) following a warm/dry summer. If the summer is cool, outbreaks are most likely if the density is currently high (irrespective of disease), or if both the current density and the disease level are low (43% chance if any of these conditions are met). The fact that high current density is one of the predisposing conditions suggests that with favourable summers, grub densities may stay high for more than one year or at least decline only slowly from very high levels.


The shaped discourse within the pages of the written press represents the ideas, opinions, arguments and interests of greater importance of the society which produces it. In this way, the study of each one of the printed pages in the history of Peru is fundamental to understand the development and the historical process by which our country has passed. In that sense, through this investigation it has made a critical and reflective analysis of the press, its discourse and the relation that maintains with the political power. As well as, we propose a theoretical and methodological model which can provides a better systematization and utilization when rebuilding the Peruvian history.


Visual deficiency ranges from low vision to complete blindness. First, we introduce briefly the concepts related to vision and present the features of learning simultaneously to re- ad and write in ink and in Braille. We comment on aspects to be considered in both methods and point out specific resources and techniques to develop their learning. Finally, we refer to new technologies which eiiable access to written information. Descriptors: Deficiencia visual. Estimulacio visual. Agudesa i camp visuals. Percepcio visual. Ajudes optiques. Lectoescriptura tinta. Lectoescriptura Braille. Noves tecnologies.


Hybrid integration of individual photonic elements appears particularly promising. It indeed provides high performances, proposes new optical functionalities and products, and exploits new propagation modes of light beams. This approach requires an accurate multi-degrees-of-freedom (DOF) positioning of the individual photonic elements. Hence, the inaccurate multi-DOF measurements and robots control are the main locks to overcome, notably at the microscale. For this sake, in this article, an original photo-robotic approach has been proposed. It relies on multi-DOF robot's motion associated with the use of 1-D Fabry–Perot interferometry measurement to achieve multi-DOF pose measurement. This original photo-robotic approach notably integrates the issue of extrinsic parameters calibration through a proposed photo-robotic calibration model. Experimental investigations demonstrate that a translational positioning accuracy of 390 nm was obtained. This photo-robotic approach has especially been applied to achieve the 6-DOF positioning of an optical lamella relative to an optical fiber with high accuracy that also conducts to maximum optical reflectivity.


Radiative lifetimes of 14 levels of Xe i and 16 levels of Xe ii have been measured by use of an electron-impact method and single-photon counting. Results are compared with other experimental data and with calculations performed in the Coulomb approximation, assuming j1k coupling for the Xe i levels and L S coupling for the Xe ii levels.


Potassium hydroxide (KOH) stress corrosion cracking (SCC) caused failure of a type 304L (UNS S30403) stainless steel bypass in a steam methane reforming unit. KOH was from a potassium-promoted catalyst. A test program determined that hydrogen and/or carbon monoxide (CO) were necessary to promote this cracking at relatively low temperatures. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was found to cause SCC at lower temperatures than KOH.


Theory construction in SLA occurs as a most heated topic nowadays in SLA research field. This paper analyzes the major theoretical schools which are at variance with each other concerning the theory construction issues. It also points out the reasons for theory proliferation and the scientific criteria for theory evaluation. In addition, the paper pays attention to the present home situation for SLA theory construction in China and proposes suggestions for further theoretical development.


Most children are medically examined at least three times during their school life. This is a matter of routine, whether they are ill or not. The examinations, known as the i periodic medical inspections," are made by the School Health Service. Further, under the system of compulsory national service which has been in force since 1939, a large proportion of boys aged 18 are medically examined to determine their fitness for service with the armed Forces. The rejection rate because of physical and mental defects is about one in five. In view of this, it seemed interesting to try to relate the findings of these pre-service examinations to those of the school doctors, who usually make their last examination between three and four years earlier. There was available from another study (Lee, 1957) copies of the records of a series of these medical examinations made before national service, and a group of these were matched with the records of the School Health Service dealing with the same individuals. It was at once clear that there were few important defects recorded by the school doctors that were not also noted at the pre-service examination. But there were many defects leading to rejection that were not mentioned on the records of the School Health Service. This disagreement was not limited to defects that might have been expected to arise for the first time between the medical examinations of school leavers-mostly during the fifteenth year-and the medical examinations before national service-mostly during the early months of the nineteenth year. The findings of this pilot inquiry raised questions about the effectiveness of the periodic medical inspections as a means for the detection of important disease in schoolchildren. After consultation with the Ministry of Education, which is the central department responsible for the School Health Service in England and Wales, a further inquiry on similar lines and on a larger scale was undertaken. The number of men who are accepted for national service and then found to have serious defects is very low (Brit. med. J., 1956), and as there was thus no reason to believe that many defects were missed at the pre-service examinations, the further studies were limited to those who were rejected for service on medical grounds.


The paper develops a model in which foreign and domestic manufacturers producing differentiated goods sell through spatially differentiated retailers. There is free entry into retailing but access to the retail distribution network (by manufacturers) may be controlled. The author considers a domestic vertical control mechanism in which domestic retailers carry only domestic brands (termed "domestic dealing") and compares the use of tariffs on imports and the enforcement of domestic dealing restrictions as means of increasing domestic welfare. It is shown that domestic dealing will always be prohibited when tariffs can be used. When trade policy is not available, however, domestic dealing may be desirable. Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2004.


Oxford University Press Inc. Paperback. Book Condition: new. BRAND NEW, Coping Effectively with Spinal Cord Injuries: A Group Program: Therapist Guide, Paul Kennedy, For individuals who have suffered a spinal cord injury, it is a struggle to know how to assess and cope with such a life-changing event. The coping strategies that a person employs can have an enormous impact on their mental well-being and long-term health. Approach focused coping, in which the individual accepts and seeks to understand their...


Abstract : The State Space Method originating from modern control theory is an effective direct integrating method. It is also applicable to approaching dynamic response of mechanical system. Its theoretical basis, means of calculation, computer program and main characteristics are described in this paper. Setting up a mathematical model fo the travelling mechanism of an overhead travelling crane, the authors have tried to find the dynamic response of the system in different conditions using the state space method. The result shows that this method is a stable and accurate theoretical calculating method suitable for all time-varying loads. It helps to get directly the time response of a mechanical system and analyze its dynamic characteristics. (Author)


Children's social competence is an area of research that receives minimal attention from Jordanian researchers. It is important to investigate this area of development so as to provide parents with information about the nature of social competence and possible factors affecting its development. This research study examined Jordanian mothers' perceptions of their kindergarten children's social competence: individual and social attributes. Perceptions were investigated in relation to family size, child's gender, mothers' education level, and marital status. Social competence ratings were obtained from 726 mothers who responded to the study's two-part questionnaire developed by the researcher. The results revealed an average level of social competence ratings by mothers on the total scale with higher ratings for children's social attributes compared to individual attributes. Significant results were found between the study's variables and mothers' perceptions of children's competencies. Mothers who are married, with the least number of children, and with higher education levels rated competencies higher compared to their counterparts. Significant differences were also found for gender with mothers rating the social competence of girls higher than boys. Directions for future research include investigating social competence using multiple sources of data.


This paper presents a simulation based approach to analyze the effect of solar concentrator's reflectivity on initial cost of the solar thermal tower power plant (STTPP). It discusses the reflectivity of different materials used as solar concentrators in STTPP. TRNSYS software is used to simulate the power plant and effect of using different reflective material is observed. It is found that with 0.9 reflectivity of solar mirror, 10300 heliostats are required to produce 40 MW of electricity which cost 13000 Million PKR while a small increase in the reflectance from 0.9 to 0.94 has decrease the cost to 11292 Million PKR. RETScreen software is used for cost analysis of this system. It is observed that 5.4 percent of the initial cost is reduced and payback period is decreased from 13 to 9 years.


An arbitrary order matrix spectral problem is introduced and its associated multicomponent AKNS integrable hierarchy is constructed. Based on this matrix spectral problem, a kind of Riemann‐Hilbert problems is formulated for a multicomponent mKdV system in the resulting AKNS integrable hierarchy. Through special corresponding Riemann‐Hilbert problems with an identity jump matrix, soliton solutions to the presented multicomponent mKdV system are explicitly worked out. A specific reduction of the multicomponent mKdV system is made, together with its reduced Lax pair and soliton solutions.


In order to induce growth while suppressing the cost of adding cytokines at each growth stage, the first culture tank for perfusing the culture medium to the growth induction target derived from the living body, the second for perfusing the culture medium to the secretory secreting cytokine In a growth induction system comprising a culture vessel and a growth induction control device comprising a detection unit, a storage unit, and a control unit, a growth induction protocol that defines a growth induction procedure is stored, and in the control unit, a detection unit Based on the growth induction protocol, the flow rate of supplying the culture medium containing the cytokine secreted by the secretory body to the growth induction target is controlled based on the growth induction protocol. To do. [Selection] Figure 1


On Two Deflationary Truth Theories.- Some Reflections On The Prosentential Theory of Truth.- Paradox and Reference.- Two Theorems concerning Stability.- The Complexity of Decision Procedures in Relevance Logic.- Relevant Predication 3: Essential Properties.- The Dog: Relevance and Rationality.- Consistency and Logical Consequence.- On What Cannot Be.- Durations: Temporal Intervals with Gaps and Undetermined Edges.- Categorical Semantics.- The Myth of the Intuitionistic "Or".- What Mathematical Truth Need Not Be.- A Tour of the Multivariate Lambda Calculus.- Choice Trees.- The Extensional but Hyper-Intensional Calculus C? with Orderless Constants and Variables.- A Skeptical Theory of Mixed Inheritance.- The Logic of Mitchill v. Lath.- What are Absolute Probabilities a Function of?.- How Prediction Enhances Confirmation.- Figures in a Probability Landscape.- Nuel Belnap: Curriculum Vitae.- Nuel Belnap: Doctoral Students.- Nuel Belnap: Publications.- Index of Names.- Index of Subjects.


Abstract : Objectives of this handbook are to: 1) summarize and interpret the essential USAF durability design requirements for metallic airframes; 2) provide durability analysis criteria for economic life and durability-critical parts; 3) provide state-of-the-art durability analysis concepts and methods for determining the initial fatigue quality of fastener holes, the probability of distribution of service time to reach any specified crack size; 4) provide guidelines and design process and for making design tradeoffs. The method accounts for the initial fatigue quality variation, crack growth damage accumulation in a population of structural details (e.g., fastener holes, lugs, fillets, cutouts, etc.), load spectra and structural properties. During manufacturing and assembly, flaws of various types, are produced in structural details. The initial fatigue quality of such details is represented by an equivalent initial flaw size distribution (EIFSD). An equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) is an artificial crack size which results in an actual crack size at an actual point in time when the initial flaw is grown forward. EIFSs are determined by back-extrapolating fractographic results.


Nonlinear dynamics of pulse propagation in single-mode fiber have been investigated extensively. Recently, with the wide use of multimode fiber in optical technologies such as fiber lasers, imaging, optical fiber communication systems etc., multimode fiber has gradually received attention. Therefore, the investigation of nonlinear pulse propagation in multimode fibers becomes more and more important. However, the numerical simulation of nonlinear pulse propagation in multimode fibers is a thorny problem. In this Presentation, we compare three simulation algorithms for the nonlinear propagation in multimode fibers. The first algorithm is Massively Parallel Algorithm, based on the Generalized Multimode Nonlinear Schrodinger equation (GMMNLSE); the second is, three-dimensional (3D) algorithm, based on the traditional Generalized Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (GNLSE), which describes the propagation of whole 3D optical field in multimode fibers; and the third is Radial Coordinate (RC) algorithm, based on the RC GNLSE which is simplified from the GNLSE by the Hankel Transform. These three algorithms are compared from the aspects of operation speed, numerical error and applicable scenarios, and their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. This investigation will provide some guidelines and suggestions for the numerical investigations of nonlinear pulse propagation in multimode fibers, including the fields of optical fiber communications with multimode fibers, nonlinear fiber optics, spatiotemporal mode-locking in multimode cavities, etc.


– Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by impairments in the development of motor coordination. The uncoordinated movements of children with DCD lead to performance difficulties in daily life activities and academic settings. Despite the high prevalence of this condition (2-7%) and severe consequences associated with it, DCD is not well recognized in clinical and educational practices, particularly in Brazil. This review provides an overview of DCD and the research evidence – we present definitions and characteristics associated with the condition, the diagnostic criteria, associated difficulties, frequent co-morbidities and a summary of the possible causes. Finally, we review management strategies and intervention approaches for DCD. We also discuss some of the common challenges of the field – while DCD has been largely studied in the last decade, there are still many gaps between research and practice that need to be filled. Awareness and dissemination of relevant, scientific information is necessary. In conclusion, DCD is a significant condition with a clear diagnostic criteria, and requires intervention to improve motor and functional skills, which can improve the associated difficulties as well as the physical and mental health consequences of the condition.


The low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of titanium silicide is reported here for the first time. X‐ray diffraction spectra show that the as‐deposited films are polycrystalline and TiSi2 is the predominant phase. The as‐deposited films had resistivities of 22 to 39 μΩ cm with film thicknesses ranging from 2000 to 15 500 A, and Si/Ti ratios of 1.8 to 2.3 as determined by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy. Auger analyses did not detect any impurities such as oxygen and carbon in these films. The LPCVD system consists of a cold wall reactor with the wafer being heated externally by infrared lamps. The reactor is capable of sequential deposition of polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) and silicide films; moreover, the final annealing step, if necessary, can be performed in situ. Care has been taken to provide a clean environment by using a turbomolecular pump which is capable of keeping the base pressure of the reactor ≤10−7 Torr. We have deposited in situ sequential films of polysilicon and ...


In this study, We made visual inspection system using Vision Board. It is consist of an illuminator (a fluorescent lamp), image input device (CCD (Charge-Coupled Device) camera), image processing system(Vision Board(FARAMVB-02)), image output device (video monitor, printer), and a measuring instrument(TELMN1000). Length measurement by visual inspection system make use of 100mm guage block(instead of calculating distance between a camera and a object). It measured horizontal and vertical length factor from 400mm to 650mm by increasing 50mm. In this place, measured horizontal and vertical length factor made use of length measure- ment of a injection. A measuring instrument used to ompare a measured length of a injection visual inspection system with it. In conclusion, length measurement of a injection compared a measuring instrument with visual inspecion system using length factor of 100mm gauge block. We find that maximum error of length is 0.55mm when it compar with the measuring value of two devices(FARAMVB-02, TELMN1000). Program of visual inspection system is made up Borland C++3.1.


I. PREMISE: ITALY WITHIN THE GENERAL FRAMEWORK One must identify some main assumptions before discussing the controversial notion of civil religion in Italy. First, civil religion is a multifaceted notion to which it is very difficult to attach a final and authentic meaning or a real functioning utility. On one hand, sociological and political discourses employ civil religion in many different senses and with many subtleties; on the other, in the juridical discourse, the "guardians of the law"- legislators, judges, and experts-refuse to admit explicitly this notion into the closed gate of positive law.1 Thus, civil religion is an intangible word. Nevertheless, this intangibility is what makes civil religion so intriguing. After all, this intangibility seems unavoidable as a notion deeply rooted in the U.S. cultural tradition that presents many analogies with Judaism: the epic of the "chosen people" is always accompanied by the frustrating search for a god hidden in the "small voice" of Mount Oreb2 or concealed in the disaster of the Shoah. In other words, civil religion is necessarily intangible since it tells us about the problematic relationship between God and human power, a relationship that is never broken off but rather concealed in the rigidly dualistic Western world.3 Consequently, civil religion necessarily appears as a dynamic notion with a variable meaning, summarized by the attempts to conciliate the (supposedly) cold rules of the contemporary democracies with the (supposedly) warm contributions of all religions to social cohesion.4 Moreover, if one accepts "civil religion" as the notion capable of summarizing the integrative role of religion in society building, one can also accept that it is a common feature distinguishing the old and the new continent. In fact, religion traditionally occupies a very different public role in Europe as compared to the United States. Out of the ashes of absolutist and mono-denominational states, modern Europe faced the impossibility of expelling religion from the public arena. It has chosen to invest in a direct relationship between individual and state-to privatize a monopolist god and to publicize his many agents, the individual churches, with concordats and agreements. On the contrary, the United States, rooted in a pluralistic society and a liberal state, does not have the same tension between state and society. It has preferred to publicize its pluralistic god and privatize its single churches.5 Consequently, in Europe, a more state-centric and-sometimes dramatically-secular-oriented civil religion exists; while in the United States, a more religion-centric civil religion exists, where God has been emphatically engaged in promoting civic virtues.6 Finally, the new religious activism in the public arena today seems to have grown from the "small voice" of Mount Oreb. One is confronted by a true "great wind" that sweeps away the frail barriers between sacred and profane. In this new situation, civil religion seemingly lives a second life on both sides of the Atlantic. Europe, in fact, is discovering a sort of Americanization of its civil religion by enthusiastically calling on religions to protect democracy facing the "paradoxes of pluralism"7 and the inadequacy of too "cold" procedures. In the United States, the trend could be toward a sort of Europeanization of the same notion if the weakening of the Establishment Clause and some paradoxes of the accommodationist approach pave the way for the public role, not only of God, but also of the single churches themselves.8 What, in this picture, is the Italian position? Italy reflects the European landscape, but with a unique peculiarity closely connected with its destiny to host the center of the Catholic Church and still be a nation without state. Consequently, due to this lack of state, surplus of nation, and, particularly, existence in a predominantly Catholic nation, it seems very difficult to understand Italian civil religion as a religious-oriented contribution to the good of the whole society, non-religious components included. …


Inhomogeneities in real-world data, e.g., due to changes in the observation noise level or variations in the structural complexity of the source function, pose a unique set of challenges for statistical inference. Accounting for them can greatly improve predictive power when physical resources or computation time is limited. In this paper, we draw on recent theoretical results on the estimation of local function complexity (LFC), derived from the domain of local polynomial smoothing (LPS), to establish a notion of local structural complexity, which is used to develop a model-agnostic active learning (AL) framework. Due to its reliance on pointwise estimates, the LPS model class is not robust and scalable concerning large input space dimensions that typically come along with real-world problems. Here, we derive and estimate the Gaussian process regression (GPR)-based analog of the LPS-based LFC and use it as a substitute in the above framework to make it robust and scalable. We assess the effectiveness of our LFC estimate in an AL application on a prototypical low-dimensional synthetic dataset, before taking on the challenging real-world task of reconstructing a quantum chemical force field for a small organic molecule and demonstrating state-of-the-art performance with a significantly reduced training demand.


Online learning in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic forces students to adapt to new ways of learning. This situation has an impact on students' mastery of concepts, especially in learning physics. This study aims to identify student difficulties with the mechanical wave characteristics concept in online learning in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. This case study used semi-structured interviews consisted of 8 mechanical wave characteristics concept understanding open-ended questions adapted from MWCS. The interviews were conducted with five eleventh grade high school students to identify their difficulties with the wave characteristics concept. A female student from a private high school, two female students, and two male students from two public high schools in two different regions. Data analysis was conduct by making transcripts, coding the transcripts, and drawing ideas from the codes. This study found that students had difficulty determining the role of frequency and amplitude in everyday sound phenomena. In addition, the participants did not realize that sound waves are longitudinal. In the context of wave velocity, students tend towards mathematical formulas oriented. © 2022 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.


The present invention relates to a novel essentially vegetable material having a density lower than 300 kg / m3, said vegetable material being characterized in that it contains (a) vegetable fibers, (b) a mixture (i) a vegetable filler and (ii) a natural polymer, and (c) a blowing agent. The invention also relates to the process for preparing a substantially vegetable material and expanded from the ingredients (a), (b) and (c) above, as well as the use of said expanded material in particular the field timing, packaging, coatings, protection, on the one hand, and in the field of coating materials and baggy paper and paperboard, on the other hand.


This article is presenting history of stone casting and analysis of basalt raw materials assessment from other countries for stone casting technology and various basalts compositions were considered. Analytical methods for calculating composition of charge require a long calculation time and plotting dia-grams, each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. As a research significance, we have proposed an experimental calculation method for calculating raw materials after charging. Analysis of the composition, structure of basalts and charging materials were used in the stone casting technology. According to the comparison method, the required amount of charging materials was calculated for the Suluu-Terek 1, Suluu-Terek 2 and Berestovetsk deposits. The calculated data was confirmed by experimental melts in the process of stone casting.


What is a hangover? How does it feel to suffer from one? What can hangovers tell us about the way attitudes to alcohol have developed over time? Why have hangovers been neglected in our critical discussions of alcohol and intoxication in the humanities? This first scholarly study of the hangover in literature and culture sets out to answer each of these questions by exploring the representation of 'the morning after' in a wide variety of texts ranging from the Renaissance to the present day. The book argues that literature reveals hangovers are a cluster of physical symptoms, but also a complex interplay of sensations and emotions. It discloses the way that the hangover can be used to provide socio-cultural commentary, to impose value systems on drinkers and to control alcohol use. It demonstrates that the generic aspects of hangovers – nausea and headache, guilt and shame – are interpreted differently in different periods. The book demonstrates that, just as much as drunkenness or intoxication, the hangover has a cultural history that can be told through textual analysis.


A method for measuring urea production by isolated erythrocytes and leucocytes under physiologic conditions is described. Erythrocytes from 10 normal subjects formed an average of 82.5 mµmoles urea/ml. packed cells/hr. Leucocytes formed 7.4 mµmoles urea/108 cells/hr. By extrapolation, total urea synthesis by circulating erythrocytes would be approximately 270 mg./day and by the granulocyte pool approximately 5 mg./day. The total contribution of circulating hemic cells to over-all urea synthesis approximates 1 to 3% on an average protein diet. Six patients with cystinuria were also studied. No defect in urea synthesis, as a reflection of impaired arginine transport, could be detected in their blood cells with the conditions employed.


Diapause is a developmental arrest that allows an organism to survive unfavorable environmental conditions and is induced by environmental signals at a certain sensitive developmental stage. In Helicoverpa armigera, the larval brain receives the environmental signals for diapause induction and then regulates diapause entry at the pupal stage. Here, combined proteomic and metabolomic differential display analysis was performed on the H. armigera larval brain. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis, it was found that 22 proteins were increased and 27 proteins were decreased in the diapause-destined larval brain, 37 of which were successfully identified by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses showed that the expression levels of the differentially expressed proteins were consistent with the 2-DE results. Furthermore, a total of 49 metabolites were identified in the larval brain by GC-MS analysis, including 4 metabolites at high concentrations and 14 metabolites at low concentrations. The results gave us a clue to understand the governing molecular events of the prediapause phase. Those differences that exist in the induction phase of diapause-destined individuals are probably relevant to a special memory mechanism for photoperiodic information storage, and those differences that exist in the preparation phase are likely to regulate accumulation of specific energy reserves in diapause-destined individuals.


The protonation constants for cyclam (1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane) have been determined by glass electrode potentiometry in 0.10 M KCl at 25 °C and yield values of 11.29(2), 10.19(1), 1.61(1) and 1.91(1) for the logarithms of the first, second, third and fourth protonation constants. This result supports previous studies (Micheloni 1978, Thom 1985) which show the unusual sequence of protonation constants where the third protonation constant of cyclam is smaller than the fourth, in contrast with a large number of other workers who report the third to be larger than the fourth protonation constant. The crystal structure of cyclam·4HClO4·2H2O is reported: monoclinic, P21ln, α= 8.409(2), b= 15.81(3), c= 9.221(1)A, β= 105.99(1)°, Z= 2, R= 0.0374. A molecular mechanics (MM) analysis of the conformations of cyclam·Hnn+, and of trien·Hnn+(trien = 1,4,7,10-tetraazadecane) with differing numbers of protons (n) present, is reported. It is shown that the structures cyclam·H44+ that have been determined crystallographically correspond to the two lowest energy conformers identified in the MM analysis. The strain energies of the series trien·Hnn+ rise smoothly as n increases from 0 to 4, mainly due to increasing electrostatic repulsion between the protons on the nitrogens of the ligand. In contrast, for the cyclam·Hnn+ series, there is a sudden large increase in strain energy at n= 3, with a change in conformation to having some of the nitrogens of the ligand exo. For n= 4 the rise in strain energy is again not large. These results are discussed in relation to the inversion in order of protonation constants for the cyclam·Hnn+ series from n= 3 to n= 4.


Abstract: We describe a new unique case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a 21‐yr‐old male presenting with abdominal pain, bilateral testicular masses and gynecomastia. Further work‐up with computed tomography of the chest, abdomen and pelvis revealed massive retroperitoneal, peripancreatic and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, suggesting primary testicular neoplasm. The patient was subjected to right orchiectomy that showed infiltration of testicular tissue with malignant cells, originally misinterpreted as undifferentiated carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry studies, however, showed these cells to be strongly positive for myeloperoxidase and CD45, indicating a myeloid cell origin. Bone marrow (BM) aspirate and biopsy demonstrated replacement of marrow with immature myeloid cells. Both the morphology and immunophenotype of the blast cells were consistent with AML type M4 (acute myelo‐monocytic leukemia), using French‐American‐British (FAB) classification. The patient received standard induction chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside (ARA‐C) and daunorubicin followed with two cycles of consolidation therapy with high dose ARA‐C, which resulted in remission of BM disease and resolution of lymphadenopathy and left testicular masses. After the second cycle of consolidation therapy, the patient developed sepsis that was complicated by refractory disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. He expired with a clinical picture of multiple organ failure. The unique features of this case are presented and the related literature is reviewed.


That it is easier to measure the costs of price regulation than the benefits is evident in the conflicting results of studies made to determine welfare gains. An econometric study based on a simple theory of demand by customer class concludes that: (1) the effectiveness of regulation across states is irregular, which suggests that state regulatory agencies confront firms with highly variable political climates and may serve customers with an uneven quality of benefits; (2) the pattern of cross-subsidization of prices that penalized residential customers in 1969 was gone or shifted to favor residential customers by 1974; (3) a more-detailed re-evaluation of the presumed benefits and costs of nonuniform pricing may be warranted; and (4) welfare improvements appear to be possible. The dominant question that emerges is how to explain what underlying forces contribute to the substantial state-to-state and between-customer variations in regulatory impact. 13 references, 6 tables.


Extreme natural disasters will cause serious damage to power systems and public roads, and the damage of road networks will directly affect the repair of power components. Therefore, the cooperative repair of roads and power grid elements is of great significance to improve the resilience of power systems. Towards urban power grids, this paper proposes a maintenance personnel dispatch model for the collaborative repair of roads and power grids after extreme disasters. First, a mechanism for the coordinated restoration of power and roads after the disaster is constructed, which unifies the dispatch of the power restoration plan and the road restoration plan of the road administration department. Then, with the goal of minimizing comprehensive benefit loss, considering the coupling of power maintenance path optimization and road dynamic repair process, a coordinated dispatch model of power and road maintenance is established, which is a mixed-integer linear programming model suitable for general solvers. Finally, a case analysis based on the IEEE RTS 79 test system shows that collaborative repair can significantly reduce the travel time of power repair crew, reduce the lack of power supply, and increase the overall social and economic benefits while having a small impact on the road repair goals.


In this article, we propose a distributed medium access control (MAC) protocol for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) network with directional antennas. It uses a distributed learning algorithm to control each node's communication parameters (such as sending rate) according to the observations of only 1-hop neighbors. Because of the asynchronous and decentralized nature of multi-agent deep distributed reinforcement learning (MADDRL), we adopt Multi Agent Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (MADDPG) [3] to generate discrete actions for the MAC layer protocol. Under the individual and distributed observations of the environment, each node/agent can update their own states and rewards locally. Moreover, two major communication quality evaluation metrics - throughput (THR) and delay (DEL) are used to show the effectiveness and scalability of the distributed algorithm. From the results, the protocol using MADDPG shows more advantages than the general MAC schemes, including higher end-to-end THR, lower queuing DEL, and lower communication message exchange.


Liquid metals have been proposed in the past as high temperature heat transfer media in concentrating solar power (CSP) systems. Until the mid 80s test facilities were operated with liquid sodium-cooled central receivers. After a period of reduced interest in that approach, several new efforts have been reported recently, particularly from the US, South Africa and Australia. In addition, several recent publications have highlighted the attractive properties of liquid metals for CSP applications. A new contribution to this topic has been launched by Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) and the Solar Institute of the German Aerospace Center (DLR), combining their experience in CSP and liquid metal technology. The overall goals of this project are planning, design, construction and operation of a small concentrating solar power system in the 10 kW thermal range (named SOMMER) using liquid metal as heat transfer fluid for re-gaining operation experience and validating design methodology and providing a complete design concept for a large pilot CSP plant based on liquid metal technology, up to evaluation of O&M cost and levelized cost of electricity. This paper describes the current status of the work on the design and setup of SOMMER, the research goals of this facility, first results of numerical activities in view of the liquid metal cooled receiver design and the connection to the design activities for the pilot plant. © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Peer review by the scientific conference committee of SolarPACES 2014 under responsibility of PSE AG.


The ecology,economic and social development level of twenty one counties in Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm regional of Hebei province was analyzed quantificationally by the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP).The results showed that the development level appeared rising trend on the whole but wasn't high,and the gap was larger among the counties,the aggravating trend of global ecological enviroment became slow gradually,local ecological environment was improved markedly,and the ecological construction stepped into the phase that control was greater than destory,coordinated development capability had been improved greatly,and the speed of economic development was faster than ecology and social obviously.


A frontal filament on the shelf break in the Balearic Sea was examined using hydrographic, drifter and satellite sensor measurements. The filament was a tongue of low-salinity shelf water marked by a sharp frontal boundary. During the four-day study period, the filament moved across the shelf break with a speed of about 20 cm/s. While drifters generally followed this movement, there were large relative motions between drifters and the filament. Particle velocities in the filament generally were larger than the advancing speed of the filament. This resulted in a strong flowconvergence near the head of the filament. The hydrographic data also indicated a subduction of low-salinity shelf water in the area of the front. Observations suggest that the frontal convergence may be an important process in the exchange of material across shelf/slope fronts.


A constitutional lawyer, Nicolas Lagasse works with the Belgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Francophone Ministry of Institutional Reform. He was involved in the negotiations and implementation of the last major institutional reform in Belgium, which included granting increased autonomy to its regions and communities. In this comment he discusses the implications, especially for Belgium's foreign relations, of the recent devolution of responsibility for agriculture to the regions.


Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that expand due to chronic inflammation and participate in the suppression of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Three subsets of MDSC have been described according to phenotypic criteria: polymorphonuclear MDSC (PMN-MDSC), monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC) and early-stage MDSC (eMDSC). MDSC display numerous mechanisms to carry out their immunosuppressive functions such as the production of arginase 1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, nitric oxide synthase and reactive oxygen species or the expansion of regulatory T cells. This myeloid compartment has been widely studied related to cancer since MDSC have been seen to favour tumor progression, metastasis and have been associated to poor prognosis. In recent years, MDSC were shown to be relevant for tolerance induction after transplantation. However, the analysis of MDSC effects in human kidney transplantation is limited to a few studies including small numbers of patients. In this context, the group Inmunodeficiencias e Inmunologia del Trasplante (GIDIT) from Hospital 12 de Octubre began to study MDSC in patients who underwent a kidney transplant. Their initial results showed that CD33+ CD11b+ CD14+ CD15- HLA-DR-/low cells expanded after transplantation; moreover, a higher number of these cells increased risk for developing cancer in kidney transplant recipients (KTR). Based on these results we aimed to assess MDSC immunosuppression in vitro when cocultured with lymphocytes and to quantify suppressive soluble factors associated with MDSC function. CD33+ CD11b+ CD14+ CD15- HLA-DR-/low were expanded in KTR compared to healthy controls. When co-cultured with lymphocytes, KTR-isolated MDSC were able to suppress both CD4 and CD8 T cells proliferation and production of cytokines. Furthermore, higher M-MDSC counts correlated with higher circulatory arginase 1 activity and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and lower total antioxidant capacity. Taken together, these results suggest that high levels of MDSC and their associated immunosuppressive environment could be promoting de novo malignancy development after kidney transplantation.


This paper presents experimental characterization and modeling of intermodulation linearity in a 200 GHz SiGe HBT technology. The impact of biasing current, voltage, and breakdown voltage is examined. IP3 is simulated using the VBIC, HICUM and Mextram model to evaluate the linearity capability of these models. The impact of avalanche and self-heating on IIP3 are examined. A weak avalanche is shown to have significant impact on IIP3


Rapid advances of sensing and cloud technologies transform the manufacturing system into a data-rich environment and make production scheduling increasingly complex. Traditional offline scheduling methods are limited in the ability to handle low-volume-high-mix workorders with diverse design specifications. Simulation-based methods show the promise for distributed scheduling of manufacturing jobs but are mostly implemented with historical data and empirical rules in a static manner. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms fuel increasing interests to solve dynamic scheduling problems in the manufacturing setting. However, it's difficult to utilize high-dimensional data for production scheduling while considering multiple practical objectives for smart manufacturing (e.g., minimize the makespan, reduce production costs, balance workloads). Therefore, this paper presents a new AI scheduler with composite reward functions for data-driven dynamic scheduling of manufacturing jobs under uncertainty in a smart factory. Internet-enabled sensor networks are deployed in the smart factory to track real-time statuses of workorders, machines, and material handling systems. A novel manufacturing value network is developed to take high-dimensional data as the input and then learn the state-action values for real-time decision making. Based on reinforcement learning (RL), composite rewards help the AI scheduler learn efficiently to achieve multiple objectives for production scheduling in real time. The proposed methodology is evaluated and validated with experimental studies in a smart manufacturing setting. Experimental results show that the new AI scheduler not only improves the multi-objective performance metrics in the production scheduling problem but also effectively copes with unexpected events (e.g., urgent workorders, machine failures) in manufacturing systems.


New infrared observations of Ne II, Ar III, and S IV are used in optical observations of other ionization states of the considered elements to evaluate the abundances of neon, argon, and sulfur in 18 planetary nebulae. Attention is also given to one or more of the infrared lines in 18 other nebulae. It is pointed out that S IV was detected in approximately 90% of the observed objects, while Ar III was found in about 80%, and Ne II in roughly one-third. It is noted that optical observations typically include only a limited region of the nebula, while the infrared measurements frequently involve integration over the entire nebular image.


Abstract Alasdair Rutherford, University of Stirling "Come on and do the Conga": The Distribution of Pay in the UK Voluntary Sector Recent public outcry over senior executive salaries in the UK voluntary sector has focussed attention on how non‐profit organisations set pay. The debate over executive compensation has highlighted the gulf between how the general public think a non‐profit organisation should operate (primarily with volunteers), and how many of the larger voluntary organisations increasingly operate (with growing paid workforces). However, concentrating on senior pay in a small number of large organisations does not do the sector justice. For organisations where the perceptions of donors, service‐users, volunteers and funders are all important there is a risk that voluntary sector organisations employing staff are 'tarred with the same brush'. In this paper we explore how pay has evolved at different points in the earnings distribution over the past 15 years to better understand how the growth in voluntary sector pay has been experienced by the sector's workforce.


patients are available. The potential impact of the effects of lipid lowering on morbidity and morality in patients with coronary artery disease was highlighted by the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S)'. Patients with preserved exercise capacity are often not considered for cardiac rehabilitation programmes. However, aside from learning how to cope with the limitations imposed by the present state of the disease, a second thrust of cardiac rehabilitation is to prevent progression of the disease and future deterioration of the quality of life by appropriate life style changes and medical treatment'. This can be achieved by a multifactorial comprehensive approach, as was shown by Haskell et a/.'', and also by lipid lowering, in a low risk group of patients with coronary artery disease.


Polarization insensitive phase conjugation generation is experimentally demonstrated using a single pump in a nonlinear SOA for 10 GBaud PM-QPSK data. The influence of polarization transformation properties specific to signal-pump detuning conditions are established. © 2019 The Author(s)


Abstract The ability of six activated carbons to remove the problematic reactive dyes from textile solution was correlated to their physical characteristics. Specific surface area, micro‐, meso‐, and total volume were established using the Braunnaur, Emmet, and Teller (BET) and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) equations. According to the N2 adsorption method, five of the carbons exhibited type I adsorption characteristics with one carbon showing a type III isotherm. Activated carbon Filtrasorb 400 outperformed the carbons under investigation by showing the presence of advanced primary and secondary micropores. A poor linear correlation between carbon surface area and performance was found. Adsorption properties of carbons were better related to their pore volumes. It was found that secondary micropore volume of carbons (0.8 nm < D secondary micropore < 2 nm) has an important role in reactive dyes adsorption.


Polymer-modified paste-applied membrane waterproofing materials has been used as waterproofing materials, e.g. for basement and water tank due to both simple handling and excellent workability. However, as for the polymer-modified paste-applied membrane waterproofing materials, the durability is easy to be degraded by the occurrence and propagation of crack. An aim of this study is to make clear performance of the polymer-modified paste-applied membrane waterproofing materials of which performances are improved through this study. PAE and EVA show the result to be markedly dependent on the condition and period of deterioration. Presence of reinforcement causes the influence to the physical properties of waterproofing materials. In addition, a reinforcement effect of non-woven fabric on cracking can be expected.


The equation governing the distribution function of high-energy protons in the earth's radiation belt has been modified to include the effects of the secular change of the earth's magnetic dipole moment in addition to the effects of albedo neutron decay, collisional energy loss, and radial diffusion, which have been studied in the past. Because the time scale of the magnetic-field change (∼2000 years) is much longer than the time scale of proton trapping (∼200 years) an approximate solution of the equation can be obtained. This solution indicates that the shrinking dipole increases the distribution function at the geomagnetic equator for 1.15 < L < 1.7 and 15 < E < 160 Mev. The greatest increase occurs at L = 1.2, where it is as large as a factor of 5. The addition of this effect improves the agreement between the theoretically computed distribution function and the experimental data.


This research was carried out to evaluate the effects of NaCl osmotic potentials (0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 Mpa) on seed germination of pea under climate controlled con ditions. From the research, Radicle length (RL), Plumule length (PL), Radicle fresh weight (R FW), Radicle dry weight (RDW), Plumule fresh weight (PFW), Plumule dry weight (PDW), Germination percentage (GP), and Vigor index (SVI) varied between 10.24-2.11cm, 2.30-0.20cm, 109.20-22.35 mg, 13.39-6.10 mg, 61.27-11.69 mg, 7.01-1.88 mg, 100.00-40.00 % and 1238.40-141.00 respectively. Generally decrease was observed in all parameters, depending on increasing NaCl osmotic potential. On the other hand the highest values were observed in the control (0.0 Mpa NaCl) for all measured parameters.


It seems that the debate on Cecil Rhodes' legacy in particular and the legacy left by the British Empire in former colonies in general, has now come to an end; the University of Oxford has very recently declared that the statue will remain (The Guardian 2016). The fiery debate, initiated by Oxford students in the "Rhodes Must Fall" campaign has attracted a great deal of popular attention. Public figures as different as Naomi Wolf and Harry Mount have rallied together to plea against the statue's removal, accusing the students of "suppressing free speech" and of having a "hypersensitive" and "unsophisticated" attitude to the world (Wolf 2016; Mount 2016).


This paper presents an active harmonic elimination modulation control method for the cascaded H-bridges multilevel converter when supplied by unequal DC sources. First, the multilevel converter is decoupled into individual unipolar converters, and the low order harmonics (such as the 5th, 7th, 11th, and 13th) are eliminated by using resultant theory while at the same time the minimum specified harmonic distortion (HD) of a combination of unipolar converters for multilevel converter control is found. Next, the switching angle sets corresponding to the minimum harmonic distortion are used as initial guesses with the Newton climbing method to eliminate the specified higher order harmonics. If the solutions are not available for some modulation indices, the unipolar switching scheme is used to eliminate high order harmonics and the active harmonic elimination method is used to eliminate low order harmonics. This method has lower switching frequency than that of the previously proposed active harmonic elimination method.


Reinforced polymer composites consist of continuous fibers embedded in a polymer matrix. The matrix is usually a thermoplastic or thermosetting resin. When thermosetting matrices are cured during t ...


This paper aims to introduce the notions of a generalized weakly symmetric Kenmotsu manifolds and a generalized weakly Ricci-symmetric Kenmotsu manifolds. The existence of a generalized weakly symmetric Kenmotsu manifold is ensured by a non-trivial example.


The broadcast problem including the plan design is considered. The data are inserted and numbered into customized size relations at a predefined order. The server ability to create a full, regular Broadcast Plan (RBP) with single and multiple channels after some data transformations is examined. The Basic Regular Algorithm (BRA) prepares an RBP and enables users to catch their items while avoiding wasting energy by their devices. In the case of multiple channels, a dynamic grouping solution is proposed, called the Partition Value Algorithm (PVA). under a multiplicity constraint. In order to provide consistency in data values the Rebroadcasting of Regular Data Algorithm (RRD) is presented. This last property, in addition to the self-monitoring, and self-organizing, can be offered by servers today providing also channel availability and lower energy consumption by using a smaller, with equal bandwidth, number of channels. Simulation results are provided.


This part of SIM 3225 presents data for the bathymetric contours for several seafloor maps (see sheets 1, 2, 3, 7, 10, SIM 3225) of the Hueneme Canyon and Vicinity map area, California. The vector data file is included in "Contours_HuenemeCanyon.zip," which is accessible from http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/781/HuenemeCanyon/data_catalog_HuenemeCanyon.html. The bathymetry map of Hueneme Canyon and vicinity in southern California was generated from bathymetry data collected by California State University, Monterey Bay (CSUMB), by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and by Fugro Pelagos for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Joint Lidar Bathymetry Technical Center of Expertise. Most of the offshore area was mapped by CSUMB in the summers of 2006 and 2007, using a 244-kHz Reson 8101 multibeam echosounder. The far-northern part of the offshore area was mapped by the USGS in 2006, using a 117-kHz SEA (AP) Ltd. SWATHplus-M phase-differencing sidescan sonar. The nearshore bathymetry and coastal topography were mapped for USACE by Fugro Pelagos in 2009, using the SHOALS-1000T bathymetric-lidar and Leica ALS60 topographic-lidar systems. All these mapping missions combined to collect bathymetry from the 0-m isobath to beyond the 3-nautical-mile limit of California's State Waters. To generate contours, a smooth arithmetic mean convolution function was applied to the bathymetry. Following smoothing, contour lines were generated at 10-meter intervals from -10 m to -100 m and at 50-meter intervals from -100 m to -400 m.


Objective:This study is to evaluate the serum lipoprotein,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and von Willebrand factor(vWF) which is used to predict the clinical severity in patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS).Methods:total cholesterol(TCHO),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol(HDL-C),low density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C),apolipoprotein(apoA1),apolipoprotein(apoB),hs-CRP and vWF were measured in patients.Combined with coronary angiography,the clinical severity was assessed.Results: HDL-C and apoA1 were all significantly lower in AMI and UAP group,hs-CRP and vWF were all significantly higher in AMI and UAP group compared with control group,but there was no significant difference between AMI and UAP group.hs-CRP and vWF were in direct proportion to the number of injured coronary in patient with ACS.Conclusions: The present study indicates that serum HDL-C,vWF and hs-CRP may be a risk factor of coronary artery disease,vWF and hs-CRP can reflect the clinical severity,and may mark unstable atherosclerotic plaque in patients with coronary heart disease.


Aims: Avicennia marina (AM) is a widely distributed mangrove plant that has been used in traditional medicine for centuries for the treatment of a number of diseases. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the leaf ethyl acetate extract of AM for its cytotoxic and apoptotic potential along with in-depth investigations of its mechanism of action in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Study Design: The ethyl acetate extract of leaves and stems of AM was tested against estrogen positive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using various assays. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at


The scattering peak in an isotropic surfactant solution evolves into a Bragg diffraction peak as the isotropic solution undergoes a transition to a neighbouring lamellar liquid crystalline phase. The scattering peak in the isotropic phase may thus be viewed as premonitory: the dominant fluctuations of structure and composition in the isotropic phase anticipate the transition to the lamellar phase. The phenomenon is illustrated here in a lattice model of surfactant solutions that had been proposed earlier.


Forest plantations established in the Sierra Purhépecha, Michoacan, currently increase slowly in height and diameter, as well as in survival rates, because they were established without a specific objective, with an inappropriate choice of species, incorrect densities in relation to the productive capacity of lands and lack of follow-up. The limited information on growth and development of plantations with exotic species motivated the present study, aimed to assess the development in diameter, height and survival of a Pinus greggii, set at two different spacings, of 2.0 x 4.0 m and of 2.50 x 4.0 m. The plantation was established on lands that belong to the Indigenous Community of Cheranastico, Paracho municipality, Michoacan State, in July 1999, in Andosol soil, with a slightly undulating topography, a slope of 5% and an altitude of 2,293 m. The plant was grown in containers with a capacity of 160 cells. For the preparation of the land, fallow was conducted at 30 cm depth. Experimental design was a randomized block with two treatments and six replications; the experimental unit consisted of 60 trees. Results at six years showed significant differences among treatments for the height and diameter variables, but not in survival. The densities tested to assess the variation in growth and behavior of P. greggii for agroforestry plantations, and based on the productive capacity of the soil, must use the spacing of 2.0 x 4.0 m, which achieved better growth in height and diameter.


Objective To investigate the concentration of human milk neutral oligosaccharides 2 weeks after birth and genetic sequence variation in gene FUT2. Oligosaccharides concentration was analyzed based on SNPs to explore the relationship between oligosaccharides differences and gene polymorphisms.Methods Term infants and their mothers who planned to give the infants at least 75% breast milk in 3 months after delivery were included. Breast milk and saliva sample were collected at 2 week postpartum. Neutral oligosaccharides concentration of breast milk was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. Saliva sample was collected using Oragene Kit. DNA was extracted from saliva sample and used for SNP assay.Results One hundred and ten breastfeeding mother-infant pairs in Shanghai were recruited in this study,of them 78 mothers were taken human milk neutral oligosaccharides detection. According to the classification of the neutral oligosaccharides,Le(a-,b-) accounted for 21.8%; Le(a-,b+) accounted for 51.3% and Le(a+,b-) accounted for 26.9% in breast milk. There were three genotypes of SNP (rs1047781) i.e. AA,AT and TT (26.7%,48.6% and 24.8% respectively). Sixty mothers were taken the detection of human milk neutral oligosaccharides and SNP rs1047781 polymorphisms. The concentration of ɑ1,2 linked oligosaccharides was significantly different among the three groups.Conclusions The distribution of Lewis phenotype according to the classification of the neutral oligosaccharides matches with the distribution of general population in China. It is the important regulating spot of ɑ1,2 linked oligosaccharides concentration in Chinese mothers' breast milk.


Abstract : Military decision problems are growing increasingly more complex, requiring rigorous structured methods to be applied for superior solutions and decisions. In many cases the military decision-maker is faced with a set of alternatives from which he must choose. Rational and consistant judgement can only be made by attempting to maximize the military value or utility of this decision. The decision-making process is described, along with a structured approach to military decision-making by economic analysis and the application of mathematical techniques. Some basic elements of measurement theory and utility theory are dealt with because of their importance to military worth scales and military worth measurement. The military worth concept is developed and commented on. The use of psychometric techniques of introspection and behaviorism and the use of game theory are examined as possible methods in developing measures of military worth. The application of military worth techniques to some general decision-making problems and to some specific logistical decision-making problems is discussed. Finally, a most important step forward in the measurement of military value through readiness indicies is reviewed.


Present in most electrical systems, high voltage circuit breakers have the function of extinguishing the electric arc originated from the disruption of rated and short-circuit currents of power apparatus, preventing damage to other electrical system components. The life of a circuit breaker can be extended by adopting the correct maintenance planning, avoiding early or late interventions. There are several methodologies for maintenance planning, consolidated and adapted to the needs of electric utilities. This paper describes a knowledge-based system which applies fuzzy logic to compare the results of tests with the reference values established in manuals, standards, or provided by experts, returning the date suggested for the next maintenance.


This article describes one of the recent processes in modern Ukrainian lexicon –reideologization. It is proved that this process actively takes place in the connotative semanticsof ideologically marked appelatives and homonyms and demonstrates the ability of languageto produce not only new, but also restore points related to cultural memory of the word semantics.Unlike deideologization, in the process of reideologization the nominative units do not losethe ideological sense, but only change the pole of evaluation (negative – positive).