Some years ago I examined several middle school students' understanding of numbers (Threadgill Sowder 1984). The answers that students gave me during that study showed me that their understanding, developed through experiences in the elemen tary grades, was fuzzy and led me to undertake a decade of research on children's number sense in the elementary and middle school grades. I will set the stage for this article by sharing two ofthe questions I gave the students during that study and some of the responses I received.


Entrepreneurial competencies are seen as imperative to business growth and success. The purpose of this research was to study the competencies of a group of university management graduates in India and Sri Lanka perceived to have upon completion of their college education in perusal of entrepreneurial activity. A 60-item 160 questionnaire was administered to MBA graduates of Universities via stratified random sampling method in India and Sri Lanka. Out of 160 questionnaires 136 questionnaires were return, 128 of the questionnaires were fully completed and usable for the study. The z test portrays there was a significant difference in opinion on certain competencies needed for the success of entrepreneurship. It is find-out from the mean values that in opportunity seeking, efficiency orientation, problem solving, self-confident, and persuasion respondent from Sri Lanka perceived to have a higher level of competencies compared to the respondent from India. Cluster analysis identifies four distinct groups of students in India and Sri Lanka. Based on agglomeration schedule both the groups perceived initiative as an important variable that support other competencies. However, the students compared were different on level of initiative power, opportunity seeking, persistence, systematic planning, efficiency orientation, concern for high quality of work, commitment to work contract, selfconfident, and assertiveness. This was explained by coefficient of agglomeration schedule and k means analysis in cluster analysis. The outcome of this survey provide valuable information for educators by the way to adapt their courses and curricular to prepare students and to increase their confidence for a successful business start-ups. The discussion of the findings and implications for future research are presented.


Topological spatial relationship is the basis of GIS research issue,and is of great importance to spatial data storage and expression,spatial query and analysis and practical application.Spatial cognition and semantics of topological relations,spatial expression of topological relations,topological relations reasoning,and spatio-temporal topological relations are introduced as several aspects of research.Especially,formal expression of spatial topological relations has been a hot topic in GIS,among which RCC(Region Connection Calculus),Intersection Model,2D-String Model and so on are well known.Some recent studies,focusing around the complex object,expression of topological relations between uncertain objects,are mainly discussed.Since current models can hardly represent more complex point,line and region,they must be improved or extended.For uncertainty and ambiguity are some of natural characteristics of geographic objects,it is essential to describe topological relationships between uncertain objects.In addition,some recent research literatures also address the topological relationship between three-dimensional objects,moving objects,etc.Summing up the above,the representation of topological relationships is a complex issue,which related to geographic,GIS,computer graphics and other disciplines of knowledge.Although the studies of topological spatial relations have made progress,there are still some problems.It is to be enhanced in future studies that the more practically topological relation models are applied to solve problems in real works.


. Cyber-physical systems (CPS), which integrate algorithmic control with physical processes, often consist of physically distributed components communicating over a network. A malfunctioning or compromised component in such a CPS can lead to costly consequences, especially in the context of public infrastructure. In this short paper, we argue for the importance of constructing invariants (or models) of the physical behaviour exhibited by CPS, motivated by their applications to the control, monitoring, and attestation of components. To achieve this despite the inherent complexity of CPS, we propose a new technique for learning invariants that combines machine learning with ideas from mutation testing. We present a preliminary study on a water treatment system that suggests the efficacy of this approach, propose strategies for establishing confidence in the correctness of invariants, then summarise some research questions and the steps we are taking to investigate them.


Abstract : There are several aspects of the Army culture which work against the development of strategic leaders. This paper explores the strategic leadership environment of the future and how Army culture needs to change to develop strategic leaders to meet the demands of that environment. It argues that service culture has a powerful influence on how leaders develop and are selected. Cultural influences need to be better understood and particular attention given to changing the culture in desired ways. Changes in rewards systems and career paths that will have the effect of changing the culture and developing future strategic leaders with desired competencies are recommended.


Youth and adolescents in both urban and rural areas in China are now showing apparently a tendency of consumerism.Causes for leading to consumerism are various,and such a consumerism tide is endangering moral building of youth and adolescents in an influential way.The consumerism concept is not agreeable to the state situation of China characterized with resource insufficiency.Curbing and guiding the consumerism tide will act as one significant way to implement moral building for youth and adolescents.


The emissivity E of a radiating body as a function of wavelength can be expressed as (ln E)/C2=a+bL+cL2+dL3+eL4+ ... . In our first papers we assumed that the variation is linear; only two coefficients are needed. Later we developed ''A New, General Method of Temperature Determination,'' which consists of evaluating Te, the calculated blackbody temperature, using one, two, three, and four coefficients (with six wavelengths) in the equation for (ln E)/C2, as well as evaluating its error d'Te. The error is due to the uncertainty in the coefficients. The ''correct'' Te, called T*e, is obtained by averaging the Te's, using the d'Te's as weighting factors. We now have found that the radiance temperature Tr is a linear function of the wavelength over a large wavelength range: from 0.40 to 5.00 μm at low temperature and from 0.40 to 1.00 μm at high temperatures. In practical applications, one should use a wavelength range extending from 0.40 μm through the range where the radiation intensity is at its maximum. I...


The appellation of the relatives are categorized into "elders", "of the same generation", "younger generation" in the dialect of Boxiang Town. And we have some textual research combining with archaic Chinese . At last, we have concentrated on discussing the sex alienation phenomenon in the appellation system.


It is shown that model-critical procedures provide a means to scrutinize an assumed parametric statistical model by varying the way the data are processed for repeated fits to the model. The criticism of the data is accomplished using the generalized likelihood function for the assumed probability density of the data. The degree of criticism is controlled by a user specified constant c. The model-critical parameter estimates are obtained by maximization of the generalized likelihood function. When c=0, no criticism is performed and maximum likelihood estimates are obtained. These procedures can be indicated if any model assumptions have been violated. Model critical estimation procedures are presented for autoregressive (AR) models. The analysis of an AR example is presented.<<ETX>>


This study investigates the relationship between trade and economic growth in Korea during 1980–2003. We find Granger causality from imports to Total Factor Productivity (TFP) growth, and the absence of any causal relation between exports and TFP. We then, empirically examine the impact of various trade variables on TFP growth. Our results indicate that imports have a significant positive effect on TFP growth, but exports do not. Furthermore, our results suggest that the positive impact of imports stems not only from competitive pressures arising from the imports of consumer goods but also from technological transfers embodied in imports of capital goods and imports from developed countries. Most of our empirical results still hold when we replace TFP growth with Gross Domestic Profit (GDP) growth as the dependent variable.


The buckling modes of cold-formed thin-walled sections with edge stiffeners generally occur at distinct lengths, but interaction of buckling modes may be present at certain lengths. This may be due to the distortional mode interacting with the local buckling mode, both of which may be in the post-buckling range. The paper discusses the analysis of post-buckling in the distortional mode of a thin-walled section with edge stiffeners and the effect of interaction of buckling modes on failure loads. The analysis is based on the longitudinal stress development and redistribution using the finite element package ABAQUS. This methodology whereby the longitudinal stress redistribution is studied is similar to the work of Von Karman et al, in predicting the post-local buckling behaviour. Introduction Thin-walled sections such as lipped channels can buckle in three different modes being the short half-wavelength local buckle, the intermediate halfwavelength distortional buckle and the long half-wavelength flexural/flexuraltorsional buckle (Hancock, Murray and Ellifritt (2001), Hancock (2003), Schafer (2002)). The local buckling mode has been well researched and an effective width model developed by Von Karman et al (1932) to produce a simple model 1 PhD student, School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia 2 BlueScope Steel Professor of Steel Structures, School of Civil Engineering, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia


This work presents a simple and low cost RF ID system. The principle of operation depends on an electronic circuit programmed to hold a person's name and ID number. It can communicate with any PC or laptop using Bluetooth wireless channel within certain coverage area ranged from 10m indoor to about 30 m outdoor. The information received at a given location inside a campus is processed where time stamp and location identification are added. Data stored at each location may be accessed from anywhere inside the campus through LAN connection. A master PC in a central office may be assigned to receive the available data from terminal locations through LAN and store them in a registration file for collective reporting. The system had been completely designed, built and tested. Experimental work completely confirms the expected system functionality.


Deep belief network (DBN) is a very important probabilistic generative model that can be used in many areas. The current training approach of DBN involves two phases. The first is a fully unsupervised pre-training process, which is a down-top and layer-by-layer one to train the restricted Boltzmann machine (RBM) layers, making the reconstruction error of each layer minimal. The second is a supervised stage which uses the back propagation to fine-tune the entire parameters of the model. In this paper, a new training strategy for DBN is proposed. Between the current two training phases, this paper introduces another training strategy to combine multiple local RBMs into an overall probability model for multi hidden layer Gibbs sampling, which effectively improves the accuracy of DBN. This paper has compared a variety of combinations of RBM layers, experiments on the MNIST, ShapeSet and Cifar10 dataset show that our method outperforms the existing training algorithms for DBN. The new algorithm can achieve better accuracy with fewer neurons, also achieves higher algorithm efficiency.


In recent years, autoregressive models have had a profound impact on the description of astronomical time series as the observation of a stochastic process. However, it has to be taken into account that real data always contain observational noise often obscuring the intrinsic time series of the object. We apply the technique of a Linear State Space Model which explicitly models the noise of astronomical data and allows to estimate the hidden autoregressive process. As an example, we have analysed the X-ray flux variability of the Active Galaxy NGC 5506 observed with EXOSAT.


positive and 95%when there is a negative culture. In theUSA, 90% of adult tuberculosis cases were confirmed by culture. In contrast, only 28% of the children with tuberculosis had positive cultures, and here PCR appears to be more reliable [8]. We present the first case of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a child with severe s-JIA treated with infliximab who also developed a fatal (opportunistic) pulmonary infection. The diagnosis of tuberculosis is difficult to make in an immunocompromised host. One must be alert to alarming symptoms indicating possible tuberculosis, even in children without risk factors. While a patient is on immunosuppressive therapy, one must look out for opportunistic infections and the possibility of an atypical presentation.


This study aimed to find out how social support influence the subjective well-being of female farmers in Songan A village, Kintamani district, Bangli regency. This research is to find out the casualty between independent variable that is social support with subjective well-being as dependent variable. The subject that used in this study is the female farmers in Songan village with 110 populations. The data collected by contributing questionnaires and then analyzed by using simple linear regression. The result of this study showed there is an influence of social support to the subjective well-being of female farmers in Songan village, Kintamani district, Bangli regency. It means the more female farmers get social support, the more prosperous their life will be .


In this paper we discussed on photovoltaic cell power generation and its area of application. In recent years it has been proved to be a cost-effective method for generation of electricity with minimum environmental impact. The paper concentrates on the operation and modelling of standalone power system with PV power generation for remote area application. The design and modelling of photovoltaic cell power system for the remote area application have been simulated using simulink software. The simulink results are evaluated and the effectiveness of the given system is proved.


PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to fill the momentous gap by explicitly investigating the asymmetric effects of monetary policy (MP) on non-bank financial intermediation (NBFI) assets.Design/methodology/approachThe authors utilized panel data from 29 countries for the period of 2012–2020 and used the quantile regression estimation. In addition to simultaneous quantile regression (SQR), the authors also employ quantile regression with clustered data (Parente and Silva, 2016) and the generalized quantile regression (GQR) method (Powell, 2020).FindingsThe empirical results show a significant heterogeneous impact of MP. While there is a positive relationship between MP and NBFI assets ("waterbed effect") at lower quantiles of NBFI assets, at middle and higher quantiles, MP has a negative impact on NBFI assets ("search for yield" effect). The authors further find that negative impact strengthens as the quantile levels of NBFI assets rise from mid to high. Findings also reveal that "procyclicality" (except higher quantile) and "institutional demand" hypotheses hold. However, regarding "regulatory arbitrage," mixed results are observed indicating the impact of Basel III requirements.Originality/valuePrevious empirical studies have concentrated on either the Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) framework or conditional mean regression approaches and delivered mixed findings of the MP effects on NBFI. The current paper takes a step toward dealing with this issue by deploying quantile regression methodology, which shows the impact of MP on NBFI at different conditional distributions (quantiles) of NBFI assets instead of just NBFI's conditional mean distribution.


The purpose of this study was to determine the positive and significant relationship between learning habits and thematic learning outcomes, giving rewards with thematic learning outcomes, learning habits by giving rewards, and learning habits and giving rewards together with thematic learning outcomes. This type of research is ex-postfacto correlation. The population is 97 students and the research sample is 97 students. Data collection techniques were carried out namely observation, interviews, questionnaires (questionnaires), and study documentation. The instrument of data collection is a questionnaire with a Likert scale, which was previously tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis used is product moment correlation and multiple correlation. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship learning habits and learning outcomes, giving rewards with thematic learning outcomes, learning habits with giving rewards, and study habits and giving rewards together with thematic learning outcomes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kebiasaan belajar dengan hasil belajar tematik, pemberian reward dengan hasil belajar tematik, kebiasaan belajar dengan pemberian reward , serta kebiasaan belajar dan pemberian reward secara bersama-sama dengan hasil belajar tematik. Jenis penelitian yaitu ex-postfacto korelasi. Populasi berjumlah 97 siswa dan sampel penelitian berjumlah 97 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan yaitu observasi, wawancara, kuesioner (angket), dan studi dokumentasi. Instrumen pengumpul data berupa angket dengan skala likert, yang sebelumnya diuji validitas dan reliabilitas. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah korelasi product moment dan multiple correlation . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan kebiasaan belajar dengan hasil belajar tematik, pemberian reward dengan hasil belajar tematik, kebiasaan belajar dengan pemberian reward , dan kebiasaan belajar dan pemberian reward secara bersama-sama dengan hasil belajar tematik. Kata kunci : kebiasaan belajar, reward , hasil belajar tematik.


To prevent and mitigate tsunami-related disasters on coastal area, a numerical simulation of tsunami-induced forces on structures is of great importance. For a 3-dimensional tsunami run-up and inundation simulation, mesh-free particle methods, such as the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method and the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method, have been widely used. To improving numerical stability of particle methods, the stabilized incompressible SPH (ISPH) method has been proposed using a relaxing the density invariance condition. Moreover, to improving a parallel efficiency, a combination of a hierarchical bucket-based domain decomposition and a dynamic load balancing for the explicit MPS (E-MPS) method, which adopts a pseudo-compressibility approach, has been proposed. On the other hand, the finite element method (FEM) is a powerful tool for structures. The ADVENTURE system is well-known open source FEM software. In this research, we consider to develop a partitioned coupling analysis system for fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems such as tsunami-induced forces on structures. A coupling technique of SPH and FEM has been applied to FSI problems involving free surface flows. Moreover, a coupling technique of E-MPS and FEM has been investigated for the interaction problem between an elastic structure and free surface flows. Mitsume et al. developed a coupling analysis system with in-house coupling code, however, its approach is lack versatility. In here, Yoshimura et al. have developed a general-purpose coupling analysis platform, named REVOCAP_Coupler, which couples a FEM code and another one. Therefore, we attempt to use the REVOCAP_Coupler for coupling of an in-house SPH code and a FEM code. We adopt the ADVENTURE_Solid as a elasto-plastic FEM software. Using a developed system, we demonstrated some numerical examples of FSI problems.


E DUCATORSand teachers of the blind know how limited the blind child is in the field of his actual experience. While the seeing child acquires most of his conceptions through vision, the blind child is almost entirely. confined to the data secured by his senses of touch and hearing. A comparison of the possible radius of 'action of each of the three senses clarifies immediately the limitations forced upon an individual lacking the sense of sight. It is, therefore, one of the major tasks in the education of the blind to furnish such children with as much concrete experience as possible in order to give them actual knowledge of the surrounding world and to avoid incomplete and incorrect ideas. In this process the Talking Book may become a most valuable and important factor. It is one of the main objectives of a teacher of the blind to compensate for the lack of experience of her blind pupils by apply~ng special aids and methods. It should be pointed out that the aim of those sponsoring the Talking Book is not to offer a substitute for the teacher, but to assist her in her difficult task of transforming blind children into competent, well-adjusted members of society. The fields for the use of the Talking Book in the education of the blind may be defined as follows:


The teaching practice and research work for English for special purposes(ESP) in higher vocational education have been in full swing in recent years.Although facing many difficulties and resistance,we have achieved great progress in many aspects.This paper focuses on improving ESP's teaching effect,and absorbing existing achievements and shortcomings to do in-depth research and teaching practice for ESP in higher vocational education,such as course design,textbook compilation,teaching mode,teacher training and many other fields under the guidance of the teaching theory.


a b s t r a c t RecQ DNA gene of multi-drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 (PfRecQ1) was cloned, and the recom- binant C-terminal-decahistidine-tagged PfRecQ1 was expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzyme could efficiently unwind partial duplex DNA substrate in a 3 � to 5 � direction. The malarial RecQ1 could not unwind substrates with both 5� and 3� overhangs, those with a 5� overhang, or blunt-ended DNA duplexes. Unwinding of DNA helicase activity was driven by the hydrolysis of ATP. The drug inhibitory effects of six compounds indicated that only doxorubicin and daunorubicin could inhibit the unwinding activity.


Many years ago Hans Bekker-Nielsen charted the influence of Caesarius of Aries on Old Icelandic and Old Norwegian religious prose in a series of groundbreaking articles. Professor Bekker-Nielsen was quick to acknowledge his debt to Dom Germain Morin, whose lifelong study of the works of Caesarius, culminating in the monumental edition of his sermons, restored to their true author a vast number of misattributed 'pseudo-Augustinian' homilies. In Bekker-Nielsen's words, 'Morin's edition has restored to us an important corpus of ecclesiastical writings, and … it is our duty to tidy up the mess of references to Augustine or pseudo-Augustine in the scholarly literature wherever Caesarius is the genuine author.' It goes without saying that, following Bekker-Nielsen's example, we should endeavour to do the same whenever someone else can be named as the genuine author of a 'pseudo-Augustinian' text. In this paper I should like to draw attention to two further examples of the use by medieval Icelandic authors of Latin sources mistakenly attributed to Augustine.


We present a new formulation of McKenzie's simple uniform stretching model that is based on two reference levels, one near 3.6 km and the other near 7.8 km below sea level. In the absence of lithosphere, the asthenosphere would reach these levels if no oceanic crust were formed. The first level is for hot asthenosphere, the other is for asthenosphere cooled to thermal equilibrium. The instantaneous motion as well as the total vertical motion, produced by uniform stretching of the lithosphere, is expressed simply as a function of the elevation difference between the starting level and respectively the 3.6 and 7.8 km reference levels. In addition, we show that the behavior of the lithosphere under extensional strain is different above and below the 2.5 km-deep asthenosphere geoid. Below this level, oceanic accretion starts rapidly; above it, extensive thinning of the lithosphere produces subsidence until the asthenosphere geoid level is reached, enabling the asthenospheric material to break through to the surface. At low strain rate, pieces of the lower lithosphere may detach and sink in the asthenosphere. This process results in uplift and is taken into account in the formulation proposed.


Kana-Kanji conversion is known as one of the representative applications of Natural Language Processing (NLP) for the Japanese language. The N-pos model, presenting the probability of a Kanji candidate sequence by the product of bi-gram Part-of-Speech (POS) probabilities and POS-to-word emission probabilities, has been successfully applied in a number of well-known Japanese Input Method Editor (IME) systems. However, since N-pos model is an approximation of n-gram word-based language model, important word-to-word collocation information are lost during this compression and lead to a drop of the conversion accuracies. In order to overcome this problem, we propose ways to improve current N-pos model. One way is to append the highfrequency collocations and the other way is to sub-categorize the huge POS sets to make them more representative. Experiments on large-scale data verified our proposals.


This paper proposes a novel token-passing search architecture for supporting subword unit based speech recognition and a corresponding algorithm based on the well-known LZW text compression method to determine a vocabulary of subword units in an unsupervised manner. We compare our subword unit selection algorithm to an existing approach based on Minimum Description Length (MDL) modeling and also syllable representations for English. Our approach is shown to offer units which share properties similar to syllables, but are determined in a language-independent and data-driven manner. Using our novel token passing architecture which combines both word-level and subword unit representations, we applied the proposed framework to the problem of oral reading tracking within an interactive literacy tutor for children. The proposed architecture is shown to provide advantages over whole-word based speech recognition for the problem of recognizing and detecting oral reading events.


Abstract The capacity and security of confidential message on communication channels are two important challenges in steganography. The main objective of this study is introducing a new method based on integer wavelet transform to maintain the image quality and enhance the security of the confidential message. At first a three level integer wavelet transform is taken from the cover image. Then each level of the image is decomposed into 4 sub-bands and the middle frequencies which contain the horizontal and vertical details of the image in each level are split into non-overlapping 2×2 blocks. Next, the standard deviation of each block is calculated and based on the length of the confidential message the maximum value of the standard deviation Tmax is computed and selected for embedding. The confidential message is embedded in two changing Least Significant Bits (LSB) bits so that the standard deviation of each chosen block does not fall below Tmax. Additionally to increase the security, the confidential message is encrypted using the Advance Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The test results show that the proposed method has been considerably improved in terms of the Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR).


This paper describes the development process of S22053+12MnNiVR composite steel plate using vacuum electron beam welding technology and double-sided symmetrical billet assembly method in ANSTEEL Co., Ltd., which has a product thickness of 2+12mm and is used in multi-stage flash seawater desalination evaporator shell. The stainless-steel clad steel plate has excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, good resistance to intergranular corrosion and seawater corrosion. The bonding rate of its composite interface meets the requirements of GB/T 8165-2008 Class I, and the bonding rate between atoms is 100%. As a new generation of green composite material, the successful development of S22053+12MnNiVR stainless steel-clad steel plate is of great significance in reducing the cost of seawater desalination, increasing the life of seawater desalination equipment, and realizing the localization of equipment, which provides an important way for China to solve the shortage of fresh water resources and lays a solid foundation for China to realize the green recycling of seawater resources.


An analysis is presented of the elastic buckling of infinitely wide stiffened plates. The analysis is based on a simplified model of the panel and seeks to determine the interactive behavior of the overall mode of buckling and the local buckling of the stiffener outstands. A high degree of imperfection sensitivity is predicted, particularly for geometries in which the local and overall critical loads are close. The predictions of the analysis are in good agreement with experimental test results showing that the approximations inherent in the analytical model do not lead to significant errors.


Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) is being used increasingly by dental practitioners to repair bony defects associated with teeth. This procedure involves application of a membrane to prevent invasion of the defect by gingival epithelium so that bone eventually can grow into and fill the defect. The effects on GBR of the duration of application of membrane have not been determined. In the present study, the artificial bone defects were formed on the mandibles of dogs and the polypropylene membranes, with the pore size O.6"m, were applied. All dogs were sacrified 24 weeks after membrane application with the three different removal time of


In [E.R. van Dam and W.H. Haemers, Which graphs are determined by their spectrum?, Linear Algebra Appl. 373 (2003), 241-272] we gave a survey of answers to the question of which graphs are determined by the spectrum of some matrix associated to the graph. In particular, the usual adjacency matrix and the Laplacian matrix were addressed. Furthermore, we formulated some research questions on the topic. In the meantime some of these questions have been (partially) answered. In the present paper we give a survey of these and other developments. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 05C50; JEL Classification System: C0


Cu(II)-promoted dimethylthiolation of C(sp 2 ) — H bonds using DMSO as the methylthiolation source with the assistance of an 8-aminoquinoline directing group have been developed. A number of dimethylthiolated benzamides were effi-ciently synthesized using CuSO 4 •5H 2 O as a promoter in moderate to good yields. In addition, this reaction system features facile conditions and no other oxidant additive was required.


It is estimated that there will be 54 million citizens without health insurance in 2007. The nursing profession should consider policies that reduce the number of uninsured. This article describes the characteristics of the uninsured and the possible impact of tax credits and addresses some criticisms of tax credits. One of these criticisms is "crowd-out," whereby those already possessing health insurance take advantage of policies meant to address the uninsured. Therefore, a percentage of the expenditure goes to the already insured. Several studies have estimated crowd-out in the Children's Health Insurance Program and although each finds crowd-out, the levels appear low (11%-20%). The article concludes with a recommendation that nursing support refundable tax credits because they would reduce the uninsured, remove penalties for those already purchasing private insurance, and potentially create opportunities for nursing as consumers of health care are given additional choices.


Background and Purpose Rapid eye movement (REM) Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a common non-motor symptom of PD. However, the association between the SNCA rs3910105 genotype and RBD in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Methods This study used Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) data and included 270 patients with newly diagnosed PD without RBD who were divided into SNCA rs3910105 C carriers (CC+CT; n = 187) and TT carriers (n = 83). They were followed up for 5 years to identify the development of RBD. To investigate the influence of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and β-amyloid 1–42 (Aβ42) in the association between rs3910105 and RBD, the patients were additionally classified into "high-level" and "low-level" groups using cutoff values for CSF α-syn and Aβ42 levels. Results At baseline, the rs3910105 C allele group had lower CSF α-syn and Aβ42 levels than the TT group. During the 5.0-year follow-up, the rs3910105 C allele group had a higher incidence of RBD than the TT group. In the subgroup analyses, the effect of the rs3910105 C allele was not found in the "low-level" group. However, in the "high-level" group, the rs3910105 C allele independently increased the risk of RBD. Conclusion The SNCA rs3910105 C allele might be a novel genetic risk factor for RBD development in PD, α-syn pathways might have a role in this association and more basic research would be needed to elucidate the mechanism in the future.


Adult continuing education will be of increasing importance, as the median age of our society and the pace of change continue to increase. The paper begins with an examination of the goals of all learning. It focuses on a new paradigm for learning, tried so far only on a very limited basis: computer‐based tutorial learning, considered particularly important for adult learning. This paradigm, practical today with modern technology, allows a much more individualized approach to learning than is largely available today, for very large numbers at much lower total costs than at present. Student interaction with the computer will be frequent (every few seconds) and in the student's native language. Little large‐scale experience is available with such highly interactive material, so we should begin with extensive experimental efforts in this direction. A large worldwide developmental effort in many languages would follow successful research.


This paper presents a new method to annul the squeal noise that is produced by trains traversing a curve. The method is a special form of active control, applied to suppress the bending oscillations of a squealing wheel. It is essentially a feedback system with the following components: sensor, narrowband filter, phase-shifter, amplifier and actuator. The control signal driving the actuator has only a single frequency (set at the filter), and that frequency typically corresponds to one of the bending modes of the wheel. Two versions of the feedback system are considered. In the first version, the actuator exerts a control force on the wheel, and in the second version, the actuator imposes a velocity on the rail. A mathematical model is presented and predictions are made for the performance of both versions. The coupling of the different wheel modes by the control system is discussed. A model rig is described which was used for a practical demonstration of this form of active control. Differences from more conventional forms of active control are pointed out.


This article provides Monte Carlo algorithm to estimate the value of European options and the parallel algorithm had been real-ized on distributed memory cluster of workstation by using portable Message Passing Interface.The parallel algorithm had efficiently sovled the huge computing problems in financial computing,improving the program efficiency and reducing the time on computing,getting a good performance.


Ten patients with malignant melanoma were simultaneously sensitized with dinitrochlorobenzol (DNCB) and diphenylcyclopropenon (DPCP) (500 micrograms each). Fourteen days after sensitization the patients were challenged with 0.04-25 micrograms doses of DNCB and DPCP. The reactions of all of the subjects tested were the same for DNCB as for DPCP. The results were statistically significant. To achieve a skin reaction of the same intensity, the necessary doses of DPCP were much lower than those of DNCB.


ABSTRACT A study was undertaken in which two crossbred rabbit genotypes were fed two levels of dietary crude protein with the objectives of assessing and comparing their growth performances as well as investigate any possible genotype × protein level interaction. Twenty-four (24) crossbred weaner rabbits (12 chinchilla × Dutch belted and 12 New Zealand white × California) at six weeks of age were used for the experiment. The rabbits were subjected to two diets containing 12% and 17% crude proteins, respectively in a 2 × 2 factorial, using a completely randomized design. Performance indices evaluated were final weight, weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA). A significant (P<0.05) genotype effect was observed in all the growth traits studied. Protein level significantly (P<0.05) affected all growth parameters except feed intake (P>0.05). Similarly, genotype × protein level interaction was significant (P<0.05), affecting all the growth traits except feed intake. Both crossbred genotypes were similar in performance at 17% crude protein while the Chinchilla × Dutch belted crossbred was superior to the New Zealand white × California crossbred at 12% crude protein. It is therefore, recommended that the Chinchilla × Dutch Belted Crossbred rabbit be adopted for widespread use in Nigeria because of its high adaptability to a low crude protein diet (12% crude protein).


The overstep tripping of grounding protection of No.1 generator stator in Nanshan Power Plant occurred on Sept. 26th. 2006. The reason was analyzed,which was overlarge value for minimum setting of zero sequence current and can not satisfy the operation requirement of service power system in minimum operation mode. The corresponding improvement method was put forward,which raised the operation reliability of power plant.


We report on the modelling and experimental validation of diffuse light collimation into free space with a photonic system using the concepts of luminophore down-conversion, spectro-angular emission control and photon recycling.


A time-resolved measurement technique combining the diagnostic tools of high speed flow visualization and high fidelity in-cylinder ionization sensing was implemented to evaluate the fuel air mixture formation and combustion characteristics in a single cylinder engine with optical access to the combustion chamber. In-cylinder spray and combustion images were taken at an acquisition rate of 10,000 frames per second with simultaneous recordings of both in-cylinder ionization and pressure signal traces within a complete engine cycle. The results reveal that, prior to the combustion event, the injector spray pattern and injection timings affect the fuel-air mixture formation, spray impingement on cylinder wall, and fuel distribution near the spark plug in the cylinder. After combustion is initiated, the synchronized combustion images with in-cylinder ionization measurements provide more cycle-resolved information about the combustion characteristics, from the onset of spark ignition to flame propagation and to flame quenching at the cylinder wall. Combining and synchronizing the high speed images with in-cylinder combustion ionization and pressure signals improve the understanding of fuel mixture distribution, combustion characteristics, flame propagation, and the quality of combustion in the engine combustion chamber.  Corresponding author. (Email: firstname.lastname@example.com)


High energy product Nd2Fe14B films have been grown onto Si(100) substrate by KrF pulsed laser ablation using the targets of NdxFe90.98−xB9.02 (x=17.51–27.51). The films exhibit no preferred texture, however, good hard magnetic properties were produced from as-deposited condition: 4πMs≃7 kG, 4πMr≃4 kG, and Hc=300–1000 Oe. The beam density of 3 J/cm2 gave the optimal condition to have the highest 4πMr and Hc for a substrate T of 650 °C. The higher content of Nd induces a higher coercivity and 4πMr at the same time without prominent change in 4πMs. The films grown at elevated temperature (620–700 °C) are understood to suggest a magnetically coupled interaction between Nd2Fe14B and α-Fe grains by taking into account the monotonously decreasing 4πMr values accompanying with a broad peak regime in Hc at around 550–625 °C.


The glochidia dissected from the marsupial gills of Margaritifera margaritifera (L.) collected from the River Ahtavanjoki in western Finland were studied using light microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). The glochidial shells had a mean length of 69 μm and a mean height of 77 μm. The periostracum-covered shell valves were non-pitted and very thin, kept together by a small adductor muscle. The shells had no hooks or spines; the attachment to a host fish may be tightened by fluid-filled periostracal flanges, which turn inside from the shell edges. The inner periostracum of the flange originated from a groove near the margin of the larval mantle. No larval thread was discovered. There were only two pairs of sensory hair tufts located ventrally, and a few cilia occurred at the centre of the glochidium. The foot rudiment was equipped with long cilia, and the lateral pits harboured shorter cilia. The mantle comprised two layers and an intrapallial cavity between them. The mantle cells had large granules, which showed both basophilia and acidophilia, and the inner mantle cells had long microvilli projecting towards the mantle cavity. The extensive mantle may be multifunctional serving in absorption and digestion of nutrients, excretion, respiration and regulation of salt and water. The thin shell may also allow gaseous exchange but also may offer a route for entry of harmful substances, such as protons from acidified water.


Owing to the proximity to seismically active faults as well as the population density in the band of Israel Seacoast between the towns of Ashqelon and Haifa, this region may be considered a high seismic risk zone. For quantitative assessment of seismic response in terms of horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) spectral ratios the ambient noise survey was carried out at 190 sites. Results derived from H/V analysis indicate site amplifications ranging from 1 to 8 within the frequency band 1.0-6.0 Hz. The soil profiles at the investigated sites were very different. Some sites have simple profiles in the uppermost surface layer and clear seismic impedance between the soft soil layer and the bedrock. Other sites had complicated surface soil layers and a less distinct contrast between the surface soil and underlying bedrock. In many cases our attempts to estimate depth to the hardrock reflector from borehole data failed. Only when the distribution maps of the predominant frequency and the distribution of maximum amplification were constructed was the strong correlation between geological features and measurement results revealed. The observed resonance frequencies and their amplifications were correlated with analytical functions that correspond to the 1-D subsurface model. Collection of available geological, geotechnical and geophysical data relevant to local geology and combination of the theoretical and experimental response functions provided reliable estimations of analytical site effects.


Practitioner research has a specific role to play in the development of a profession. It can be argued that it is often at the start of the development of knowledge of an emerging practice. This research, produced by scholar practitioners, is highly 'situated' within the practice environment and at its best is not restricted to the evaluation within practice of existing models and theories but can through critical engagement with others lead to the development of new knowledge. To date, however, there is little literature concerned with the competencies required of practitioner researchers in general. Clearly this does restrict the evidence base for professional development in this area and the provision of resources to support this valuable activity. This study seeks to engage in an initial exploration of these competencies through the consideration of a small case study and the use of grounded theory for data collection and analysis. The case is a community of executive coaching practitioners brought together to undertake practitioner research as part of the Rainbow Convention, a conference held in Cape Town in May 2011. The community was unusual as all the self selected practitioners were trained in action learning and research methodologies and overseen by research supervisors but were not required to undertake a university course nor complete a research degree. This allowed the competencies required to carry out practitioner research to be considered in isolation from the competencies required for academic study. Through focus groups and interview the participants identified the competencies they considered most useful to the development of their research. The results are compared to the competencies required of professional researchers and the degree of agreement is of interest to those seeking to provide research training for senior practitioners either through research degrees or as part of their professional development. 1 Dr Annette Fillery-Travis, Director of Programmes (DProf), Institute for Work Based Learning, Middlesex University, London NW4 4BT, t: 02084115689, e: firstname.lastname@example.com


We propose a two-stage robust optimization model for the distribution network reconfiguration problem with load uncertainty. The first-stage decision is to configure the radial distribution network and the second-stage decision is to find the optimal a/c power flow of the reconfigured network for given demand realization. We solve the two-stage robust model by using a column-and-constraint generation algorithm, where the master problem and subproblem are formulated as mixed-integer second-order cone programs. Computational results for 16, 33, 70, and 94-bus test cases are reported. We find that the configuration from the robust model does not compromise much the power loss under the nominal load scenario compared to the configuration from the deterministic model, yet it provides the reliability of the distribution system for all scenarios in the uncertainty set.


Rational sorbent technology for crude oil cleanup requires the capability of rapid uptake, and a low cost and simple processing method for large-scale manufacturing. Herein, an elastic carbon sorbent can be fabricated through the direct pyrolysis of melamine foam at 1000 ℃ for 2 h. The carbonized melamine foam (CMF) is lightweight (density: 5.4 mg cm-3; porosity>97.2%), superhydrophobic (water contact angle:151±2o), mechanically robust (complete recovery after 80% strain deformation) and highly efficient in crude oil uptake (148.7 g/g crude oil at 60 ℃). More importantly, the CMF has excellent photo- and Joule-thermal conversion efficiency for significantly reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil under a mild sunlight exposure or a relatively low voltage. These advantages enable CMFs to provide a fast cleanup approach for accidental oil spills under all weather. Continuous oil recovery has also been demonstrated by using a piece of heated CMF and a vacuum pump. Overall, the CMF offers an ideal material solution for addressing the large-scale crude oil cleanup through its versatile and efficient cleanup approaches.


The research objective is to determine the level of technical efficiency and the factors that influence the level of technical inefficiency, to analyze the relationship between input and output in the production process of aromatic rice farming in Seluma regency.Total number of respondents were 73 farmers who planted Aromatic rice. The Cobb Douglass of Frontier Stochastic approach was used, whereas for the factors that influence the inefficiency function as the initial answer of the above analysis results of the production function parameter were obtained through the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), with an LR value of 14.3620 which was higher than t table 99% (2.39). It had a significant effect on the 99% confidence level. It was seem that, there was no meaning that all aromatic rice farmers in the regency were 100% efficient. It could be seen that the MLE log-likelihood value of 29.9157 was higher than the OLS log-likelihood value of 22.7347. The lowest technical efficiency value was achieved by the farmers by 0.55 and the highest by 0.97.  In the research area, the majority of the use of production factors was efficient, from 73.34% already in the value of efficiency between 0.90-1.00, meaning that 73.34% had approached the maximum efficiency. The result of the disseminated coefficient (R2) of 0.277 could mean a significant effect of 27.7 percent on the inefficiency variable while the remaining 72.3 percent is influenced by other factors not included in this research variable.


This paper examines the perception of customers about significance of nutritional information in the menu of restaurants of Chandigarh (U.T) and also to examine the influence of age on the nutritional significance of customers' in UT, Chandigarh. To address the objectives of the study 100 respondents were questioned from various restaurants in Chandigarh. The results reveal customers are inclined towards having nutritional information in the menu's and moreover it is identified that all the age groups were having a similar perception towards three items and for rest of the factors opinion of customers differed from one another. It is suggested that restaurant operators need to consider nutritional information as a significant factor while planning menu.


In order to study the influence of Karst region land use change on ecosystem service function, referring to Chinese land ecosystem unit of service value coefficient and based on the land use change, the ecosystem service value of Guangxi Huanjiang County was estimated. In 1988~1999 years, the ecosystem service value increased 3.58×108 yuan, with increasing range of 6.45%. Large amount of not used land transformed to cultivated land and grass land with higher ecological value coefficient was the main cause of its increasing. In the individual event service function, the increased range of food production value was the greatest, while the raw materials value decreased. The sensitivity analysis showed that the ecosystem service value lacked elasticity on value coefficient, the results was credible. Owing to this region was on living type economic developing stage, eco-environment protection measures should be adopted in development, and enhanced the land use intensity in order to realizing the regional ecosystem developing continuously towards health.


Three rare Pohlias characteristically producing brood bodies in the leaf axils of sterile stems have been found in northern Michigan. Pohlia annotina var. loeskei has not been reported previously from the state, P. bulbifera has recorded but once, and P. proligera has been collected several times but only in a few localities. A number of species of Pohlia bear axillary propagula at least occasionally, but in North America only four species and one variety produce brood bodies so regularly that they are most easily recognized by them. Of these, P. annotina var. loeskei has recently been discovered for the first time in northern Michigan, where P. bulbifera has already been collected once, and P. proligera has been collected in a few localities. Because all of these are rare and not generally known even to seasoned collectors, it seems appropriate to summarize here our knowledge of their distribution in Michigan and elsewhere. Pohlia annotina (Hedw.) Lindb. var. loeskei Crum, Steere & Anderson [var. decipiens Loeske] is a small, yellowish or dark green, relatively dull moss with narrow leaves and very small, pale, elongate, slightly twisted propagula ending in leaf primordia resembling minute horns. The propagula are somewhat larger than the subglobose brood bodies of typical P. annotina and shorter and less twisted than the similarly vermicular ones of P. proligera. It grows on moist, sandy or silty soil of disturbed banks, especially along trails and at roadsides, and sometimes on the thin soil of rock ledges. We have seen specimens from northern Italy; the variety is presumably more widely distributed in Europe, in Fennoscandia, for example, where it is "not uncommon, in some localities more frequent than the type" (Nyholm, 1958). It occurs in North America on St. Paul Island in the Bering Sea, southeastern Alaska, British Columbia, Washington, Idaho, Georgia, Iowa, Maine, Michigan, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New York, Ontario, Quebec, Tennessee, and Vermont. Neither the species nor the variety has been recorded previously from Michigan. During 1965 and 1966 we made four collections, all in northern Michigan: MICHIGAN. CHEBOYGAN CO.: Moist sand, 10 ft. from the water level, Vincent Lake, Munro Township, Miller 3386. ALGER CO.: Moist sand over sandstone near summit of cliff, Pictured Rocks, near Miner's Castle, Miller 2721. LUCE CO.: Moist soil of river bluff near trail, Upper Tahquamenon Falls, Miller 3543 (with P. proligera); Crum, 1966. Pohlia proligera (Limpr.) Lindb. ex Am. is readily recognized by its pale, glossygreen color and twisted, vermicular brood bodies crowded in the upper leaf axils. It is found on moist, usually sandy soil, especially in disturbed places such as roadcuts and sometimes also on rocky ledges, particularly of sandstone. It is a northern species ranging from Greenland to Alaska and southward to California, Colorado, the Great Lakes Area, and New York. We can confirm records from the following parts of temperate eastern North America: Manitoba, Michigan, Minnesota, Nova Scotia, New 1 Herbarium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 2 Department of Botany, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan. This content downloaded from 220.127.116.11 on Sun, 04 Dec 2016 04:52:25 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 19671 CRUM & MILLER: PROPAGULIFEROUS POHLIAS 119 York, Ontario, and Quebec. Andrews (1935) reported it in Wisconsin as well. We have seen numerous specimens from northern and central Europe (south to northern Italy). According to Nyholm (1958) it also occurs in northern Asia, Madeira, and the Azores. It has been found in four counties in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The following records have been confirmed: MICHIGAN. ALGER CO.: Pictured Rocks, Steere; Nichols. Au Train Bay, Sharp. Scott Falls, Hermann. KEWEENAW CO.: Copper Harbor, Steere. LUCE CO.: Upper Tahquamenon Falls, Crum; Miller; Crum & Miller. MACKINAC CO.: Cut River ravine, Crum & Miller. Records from Luce and Mackinac Counties are reported here for the first time. Pohlia bulbifera (Warnst.) Warnst. is characterized by its dark or yellow-green, glossy color and pale, yellowish, globose brood bodies borne separately or in groups of two or three in leaf axils nearly all along the stems. It grows on damp, often sandy soil, on roadbanks and often at the margins of lakes, ponds, and rivers. We have seen specimens from Greenland, Alaska, northern Manitoba, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, Nova Scotia, New York, Ontario, and Quebec. According to Nyholm (1958), it also occurs throughout northern and central Europe, northern Asia, and the Azores, but we can confirm its occurrence only in Finland, Sweden, Germany, and Poland. We have seen the specimen which Griffin (1962) reported from Whitefish Point in northern Michigan. It is correctly named, but it should be pointed out that the locality is in Chippewa and not Luce County, as Griffin and later Darlington (1964) said.


A transmission high energy electron diffraction study of thin films of nitrogen monoxide was performed in connection with the problem of the formation of equilibrium crystalline and amorphous states at low temperatures. The analysis is based on a comparison of two competitive factors: heat release associated with the condensation from the gas and heat removal. The phase diagram in the coordinates (the deposition temperature, film thickness) was constructed and discussed.


The discontinuous flow past a circular cylinder is studied making use of the theory of discontinuous flow and the boundary-layer theory. The determination of the separation points is carried out by means of an iterative method. It is found that the separation angle which is measured from a forward stagnation point, is approximately equal to 58°. This angle is very close to the smallest one 55° among the angles of separation which can be allowed from the discontinuous flow theory. Thus the flow with separation angles of 55° seems to be the limiting case of the viscous flow past a circular cylinder when the Reynolds number increases indefinitely.


Iro andZenk1 are tobecommendedon their concise and thoroughdiscussionof the role of extracapsular dissection (ED) in the surgical management of benign parotid tumors. This discussion, aswell as a reviewof the literature, supports their hypothesis that "ED isa safeand effectivesurgical technique in the management of benign parotidneoplasms."The true challenge is howbest to incorporate this information and surgical technique into the global management of parotid tumors. Several points require consideration: the correct definitionof theavailable andhistorical techniques for addressing parotid neoplasms, close analysis of the comparisons to date, a thorough understanding of the technique as well as evaluation of the relevant complication rates, and specific pitfalls associated with ED. Finally, as noted by all authors publishing on this procedure, significant expertise is required to successfully integrate ED into practice. Enucleation andnodulectomy should remainprocedures of historical note andnot be consideredwith currentmanagement techniques. ThedefinitionofED is very specificwith the goal of complete removal of the tumor with a 2to 3-mm cuff of normal parotid tissue, if possible, andno formal identificationof thenervebefore tumor removal. Superficial parotidectomy impliesdissectionof all facial nervebranches and the removal of theentire superficial lobe; partial parotidectomy (PP) implies the dissection of only nerve branches that is required to safely remove the tumor with a cuff of normal parotid tissue surrounding it. Historically, the pendulum swung drastically away from enucleation procedures because of the high recurrence rates toward the thorough superficial parotidectomy, which advocated wide margins around tumors, yet requiredextensive facialnervedissection. Inanappropriate fashion, thependulumhas returned centrallywithdemonstration that effective control ofbenignparotid tumors canbeachieved byPP, addressingonlybranchesof the facial nerve systemthat are in anatomical proximity to the tumor and leaving amuch smaller cuff of parotid tissue around the tumor.2 Extracapsular dissection represents the continuation of this principle by advocating theremovalof the tumorwithnervedissectiononly when required. The end points for surgical management of parotid tumors are straightforward: complete tumor removal in a fashion to prevent recurrence and limitation of any facial muscular dysfunction related to nerve dissection. Minor complications include Frey syndrome, periauricular numbness, and contour deformity. The significant surgical experiences with ED indicate the nearly equitable success of this procedure compared with superficial parotidectomy regarding recurrence and final facial nerve function. Extracapsular dissection demonstrates less transient nerve dysfunction in many series, which is understandable compared with the extensive facial nerve dissection that occurs with superficial parotidectomy.3 Directly comparing ED with appropriate PP procedures would be more informative and appropriate. Tumor recurrence rates and facial nerve functionwithED must also take into account that most ED series involved significant selectionbias,with smaller,mobile, and favorably selected tumors chosen to undergo ED and tumors that did not meet these criteria preoperatively or intraoperatively removed with superficial parotidectomy. These criteria clearly indicate that for ED to be successful, appropriate technique must be joined with excellent surgical decision making. The importance of capsular exposure in themanagement ofbenignparotid tumorscontinues tobeapointofdebate.Limited tumor exposure is commonwith all parotid surgeries and is not a significant risk factor for recurrence,4whereas formal disruption and spillage of the tumor presents a risk for recurrence. The risk of potential disruption or spillage could increase with greater direct exposure of the tumor capsule– parotid interfaceduringED.For this reason,EDtechniquesused in experienced centers attempt to leave a small cuff of parotid tissue on the tumor, allowing ED to limit the welldescribed pathologic features of incomplete capsule, tumor pseudopodia, and tumor satellites. The lower ratesofFrey syndromereportedwithEDareunderstandable, butmust be placed in the context of overall patient satisfaction and quality of life. The presence of gustatorysweatingonstarch iodineevaluationorbysolicitedpatient historymustbegradedby its effecton thepatient's life if avoidanceof this limitedcomplication is tobecomeapotentialdriver for a change in surgical technique that has afforded excellent results. Similarly, issues related to contour and cosmetic appearancemust beplaced in context. Again, themajor studies comparedEDand superficial parotidectomywhich, bydefinition, involves a greater resection of benign parotid tissue. Resultant contourdeformitieswouldbegreatly lessenedwithanappropriate PP combined with simple regional tissue mobilization techniques. Clinical experiencedemonstrates successful subjective results equivalent to those noted by Iro and Zenk1 in their experience. Potential pitfalls specifically related to ED exist. The success of ED is intricately related to technological support including appropriate preoperative imaging and facial nerve monitoring, which can be variable throughout practice centers. The authors1 note that revision parotidectomy after ED would be an easier procedure with fewer potential complications compared with other interventions. After ED, identification of the main trunk of the facial nerve system as well as previouslyuninvolvednervebrancheswouldbemorestraightforward.Yet, the facial nervebranches thatwere in closeproxRelated article page 768 Clinical Review& Education Clinical Challenges in Otolaryngology


A research investigation of "ant nest" corrosion (ANC) on copper tube was conducted in terms of the variables of the corrosion potential and pH value in 103 ppm copper formate solution over 20 days. The paper presents the surface and cross-sectional observations and examines Cu2O and H2O as the stable chemical species produced. A Cannizzaro reaction as a disproportionation reaction from formic acid and a comproportionation reaction from the metallic copper tube and copper formate solution critically influenced the ANC mechanism. The paper also categorizes the ANC attack as a rapid reaction system from the electrochemical point of view by using a polarization resistance curve.


In this essay some proposals for discussion are made which deal with the question whether and how an "Option for the Poor" can be realized in jurisprudence. Do legal scientists have a special social and political responsibility? How can be argued for that responsibility? First of all I shall draw the ethical and scientific-ethical framework, which is necessary to deal with these questions. Then I shall present the main points of such an approach to jurisprudence. Finally I shall demonstrate concrete possibilities for realizing an "Option for the Poor" in jurisprudence.


D URING THE PERIOD of turmoil developing out of the English invasions of Argentina in 1806 and 1807 and the French invasion of Spain in 1808, several prominent personages arose to take over the reins of colonial government in Buenos Aires. One of the most important and certainly the most brilliant of these was Mariano Moreno, a student of the Enlightenment and an almost fanatical proponent of the secular aspects of this widespread philosophy. An understanding of this brilliant Argentine is essential to an understanding of the legal and constitutional battle following the invasions of 1806, 1807, and 1808 and the May Revolution of 1810. It was this revolution that brought Moreno to the forefront of Argentine history when he was only thirty-one years old. Mariano Moreno was born on September 23, 1778, the eldest son of Don Manuel Moreno Argumosa and Dofia Ana Maria Valle de Moreno of Buenos Aires.1 Don Manuel was a Peninsular, a native of the Spanish province of Santander. He came to America to seek his fortune, with the idea of going to Peru, but was shipwrecked in Tierra del Fuego, rescued, and taken to Buenos Aires. There he gained employment in the Cajas Reates as a subordinate to the Treasurer, Don Antonio Valle, and married Don Antonio's daughter Ana Maria. The Morenos had fourteen children, eight of whom had survived.2 According to his brother Manuel, Mariano showed great qualities in his childhood. Manuel characterizes him as active, enthusiastic, and shrewd. He had a remarkable memory and could recite entire poems and excerpts from prose works at an early age. Mariano Moreno was always independent by nature and had a persistent


We have investigated the electroluminescence (EL) characteristics of a novel yellow emitting material (BTHQZn). According to the device structure of 2T-NATA(20nm)/NPB (20nm)/BTHQZn(30nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq(20nm)/LiF(5nm)/Al, we can concludes that the maximum luminous efficiency reaches up to 0.37cd/A, and maximum luminance up to 1173cd.m-2. The yellow light emission peak is located at 598nm and the Commission Internationale De L, Eclairage(CIE) coordinates slightly vary from(0.3479,0.5424) at 8V to (0.3373,0.5233) at 15V. At the same time, a series of yellow devices are fabricated with the structures of ITO/2T-NATA(40nm)/NPB(10nm)/ Alq :x %BTHQZn(35nm)/ Alq (35nm) LiF(5nm)/ Al, (x=1, 2, 3, 5), which has the maximum luminous efficiency of 2.12cd/A and the maximum luminance of 3180cd.m−2.


Peripheral refraction predicts the eye growth response to defocus imposed by contact lens rearing in an animal model of emmetropization. The responses to multifocal contact lenses indicate that similar designs may be used to treat myopia in humans.


For the complexity of shoe last surface and particularity of last manufacturing process on numerical controlled last carving machine, it's not feasible to produce a NC program of shoe last with general numerical controlled programming methods. An effective way is presented in this paper with the help of Unigraphics software . It can help us create the NC program rapidly from the CAD model of shoe last. This way is also applicable to NC programming issues of other parts with free form surfaces.


We present an approach to enhance the performance and flexibility of the Bayesian inference of model parameters based on observations of the measured data. Going beyond the usual surrogate-enhanced Monte-Carlo or optimization methods that focus on a scalar loss, we place emphasis on a function-valued output of a formally infinite dimension. For this purpose, the surrogate models are built on a combination of linear dimensionality reduction in an adaptive basis of principal components and Gaussian process regression for the map between reduced feature spaces. Since the decoded surrogate provides the full model output rather than only the loss, it is re-usable for multiple calibration measurements as well as different loss metrics and, consequently, allows for flexible marginalization over such quantities and applications to Bayesian hierarchical models. We evaluate the method's performance based on a case study of a toy model and a simple riverine diatom model for the Elbe river. As input data, this model uses six tunable scalar parameters as well as silica concentrations in the upper reach of the river together with the continuous time-series of temperature, radiation, and river discharge over a specific year. The output consists of continuous time-series data that are calibrated against corresponding measurements from the Geesthacht Weir station at the Elbe river. For this study, only two scalar inputs were considered together with a function-valued output and compared to an existing model calibration using direct simulation runs without a surrogate.


AbstractCongenital variations in urinary tract anatomy present unique surgical challenges when they present without prior knowledge. Ectopic ureters occur as a rare anatomic variation of the urinary tract and are often associated with duplicated renal collecting systems. While the condition is uncommon, even more atypical is its discovery and subsequent diagnosis during surgical intervention for treatment of localized prostate cancer.We describe the intraoperative management of a unique case of bilateral ectopic ureters, with a right-sided ureter inserting into the prostate of a 54-year-old male undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. While unknown at the time of surgery, this right-sided ureter was associated with a nonfunctioning right upper renal moiety of a duplex renal collecting system. This aberration was discovered intraoperatively and confirmed with imaging, and a robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy with right distal ureterectomy was performed.


Magnetic water has widely used in agriculture irrigation as a promising technology to improve water use efficiency and crop productivity. Pot experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, Menoufia University at Shibin El-Kom, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2015 and 2016. The study was conducting aiming to study the effect of magnetic irrigation water, salinity stress and their interaction on the growth parameters, some chemical constituents and essential oil (percentage and components) of Rosmarinus officinalis L. plants grown in different levels of salinity. The experiments layout was a factorial in a split randomized design. Main plots were irrigation water (normal or magnetic) and the sub plots were different levels of salinity (0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3%). All growth parameters (i.e. plant height, number of branches, fresh and dry weights of herb/ plant), N, P and K percentage, photosynthetic pigments content and essential oil percentage were decreased significantly with increasing salinity level. On the other hand, magnetic water can overcome (to some extent) the hazards effects caused by salinity. At the high level of salinity (0.3%), the increases in essential oil percentage in herb of rosemary plants irrigated with magnetic water were 139.8% and 147.4% in first and second season respectively (in relation to owing control). Also, the major component of essential oil (Limonene) reached the highest value (20.47%) in the plants irrigated with magnetic water and exposed to salinity level 0.2%.


The variation in high‐school principals' conceptions of beginning‐teachers' competence was investigated. Sixteen high‐school principals from Central and South‐East Queensland were interviewed, and phenomenonographic techniques were used to elicit, from the data, categories of description that depicted the principals' varying conceptions of beginning‐teacher competence. Five distinct conceptions of beginning‐teacher competence emerged from the data analysis. A competent beginning teacher may be conceived as: (i) having a particular type of personality, (ii) being a subject expert, (iii) being a skilled manager, (iv) having a professional approach, or (v) having control of the class. It is argued that principals with different conceptions of competent teaching behaviour focus their attention on different aspects of teaching performance and so may provide beginning teachers with qualitatively different performance ratings.


Purpose – This study aims to investigate the influences of the selected antecedents on each type of complaining intentions and its relationship to complaining behavior of 582 university library users in South Korea.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a survey, using a convenience sample of 582 dissatisfied university library users from five major universities located in Taegu Metropolitan City and Kyoung‐pook Province in South Korea. The sample was proportionate to general users in the university libraries in these areas.Findings – Perceived severity of dissatisfaction and personal norms had significant influences on the choice of negative word‐of‐mouth intention, direct and indirect voice intentions, and third‐party complaint intention. Societal benefits had significant influences on the choice of exit, negative word‐of‐mouth intention, and direct and indirect voice intentions. Difficulty of complaining and service importance had significant influences on negative word‐of‐mouth inte...


The number of Bravais lattices (or lattice types) in three-dimensional space is well known to be 14 if, as is usual, a lattice type is defined as the class of all simple lattices whose lattice groups (that is, arithmetic holohedries) belong to the same conjugacy class in GL(3, Z). However, it is also common in the literature to introduce the lattice types using the original point of view of Bravais (and Cauchy), according to which a type collects all the lattices that can be connected by a continuous deformation along which the lattice symmetry does not decrease. It is shown that these two definitions are in fact not equivalent. Bravais' own criterion results in only 11 lattice types.


Pattern matching is an emerging subject for doing identification of various objects including speech and its parts. Initially these pattern matching techniques has been limited to identifying the speech patterns of the words that are separated with enough silence. It is easy to segment each word and extract its features which machine algorithm like Neural Network can learn and simulate, but if a sufficient interval of silence is not there, then there are connected words between each pause based on persons rate of speech, if for example person has spoken 5 types of words the connected combination might reached to 120 which would ultimately lead to a great challenge for pattern matching algorithm. In this paper we are reviewing such methodologies. Keywords-Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN)


Dear all, I am currently writing this editorial from my home, wondering if in fact we are about to have a lock down as many other countries have. I was going to write a small piece about COVID-19 and vision but decided that the best thing I can do is to say thank you. As such I would like to say thank you to all of the doctors and nurses around the world, a thank you to all the hospital staff, the cleaners, the cooks, the volunteers, all health professionals, thank you. I would like to say thank you to all the garbage workers for cleaning the streets. I would like to say thank you for those shop workers, keeping the shops open so that there is food to buy. A thank you to all the truck drivers and supply chain workers. A thank you to everyone who is working hard to ensure that people remain healthy, looked after and that we all care for one another. A thank you to all the carers, parents of children with disabilities. All of your efforts have not gone unnoticed. THANK YOU


In a subtle text analysis, Hermann Götz Göckeritz demonstrated that Friedrich Gogarten's understanding of secularity underwent a decisive reversal in 1938.1 According to Göckeritz, in that year Gogarten shifted "from being the denouncer of modernity to its defender ... without, however, ever giving up being its critic."2 This observation is so striking because it illustrates that Gogarten's mature secularization theory (which he advanced in the Federal Republic of Germany) owed much to his own examination of his errors during the Third Reich. Notably, Gogarten did not "come to this self-correction only when facing the end of National Socialist rule."3 Tue following analysis orients itself around these considerations and traces the development of Gogarten's theology. In the process, it addresses the pressing question of Gogarten' s ecclesial-political role in the early years of the German Church Struggle. Furthermore, it engages how Gogarten specifically interpreted Martin Luther and Luther's theology.


Questions concerning the use of integral representations of the electromagnetic field for constructing self-sufficient mathematical models of broadband vibrator antennas are considered. The results of the numerical solution of the internal and external problem for some models of broadband vibrators are presented, as well as the results of calculating their input resistance in the frequency band.


The author of the article has studied the administrative and legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors. The normative and legal base regulating the administrative and legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors has been determined. The elements of the administrative and legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors have been established. The problems of implementing the administrative and legal status of Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors have been noted.
It has been offered to understand the administrative-legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors as a set of interrelated and interdependent elements, characteristics of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors, which are enshrined in law and determine the place of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors among other agencies.
It has been established that the elements of the administrative-legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors should include: powers; the procedure for forming the staff; legal guarantees of the activity; tasks and objectives of the activity.
Thus, the administrative and legal status of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors is a complex and multifaceted category that determines the place and role of the Assessment and Disciplinary Board of prosecutors among other subjects of law, and its elements are clearly regulated and defined in regulatory legal acts.
Considering the above, we note that the changes that are currently taking place in the prosecutor's office are aimed at improving the activities of the latter, which should contribute to the creation of a qualitatively new basis for the activities and organization of the prosecutor's office in accordance with European standards, as well as the construction of a new model of the prosecutor's office, designed to effectively fulfill its constitutional functions.


The construction sector is an important part of the economy in most countries, yet is generally considered to be dangerous, dirty, hard and unreliable. In spite of the low attention often given to construction sites injuries in many countries, the statistics continue to be alarming. Construction workers are two to three times more likely to die on the job than workers in other industries while the risk of serious injury is almost three times higher. In Malaysia, matter related to occupational safety and health was under supervision of Department of Safety and Health (DOSH). DOSH has proposed the guideline of occupational safety and health to be followed by the player of construction industry to help in managing the safety and health issue. This research aims to determine the compliance level of safety and health regulation on construction site. This study will reveal either implementation of regulation by the contractor or failure to follow the guideline by the construction workers, is most crucial. Source of the data are gathered from literature review of books, published article, journal, and support by the opinion of the people in the industry and inspection on site. This study is conducted with hope to understand the guideline proposed by parties who responsible in safety and health and to see the root of the problem on this safety and health issue.


Paroonis fulgens and Paraonispygoenigmtica inhabit sandy littoral and sublittoral sediments of the northem GulfofMexicoandU.S. EastCoast.but seldomovnlapindistribution. The purposeofthisstudy wastocomparethefecding ecology anddistributionofthesespecics. WeanalyzeddistributionsandgutwntenhofGulfofMexico specimensandfound that P. fulgens inhabited substrates with slightly more silt and clay than those inhabited by P. pygoenigmtica. Although Pamonisfulgenr ingested more diatoms than P. pygoenigmarica, this distinction likely resulted from habitat differences, not selective feeding. Previous studies suggested that P. fulgens fed selectively on diatoms only.


In Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), the mobility concept is an essential element of network performances. MANETs has a scalability constraint in terms of reachability and stability. Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) protocol is a proactive routing protocol for wireless mobile ad hoc networks and the key idea behind it is to improve Multi-Point Relays (MPRs) selection algorithm. This paper proposed a new mechanism based on, a spatial mobility which speed, acceleration and direction Prediction-based Localization are included; named, Stability of Estimated Spatial Relation MPR. Furthermore, this mobility value will be exchanged between nodes using HELLO message and it will be used as a condition when a node selects its MPRs set. In addition, simulation results by Network Simulator 3 (NS3) have revealed that the improved algorithm could improve network performances in terms of throughput, delay and lost packets. Similarly, the proposed algorithm can be used as a functional mobility mechanism to improve MANETs.


In this paper we consider a production scheduling problem in a two-machine flowshop. The bicriteria objective is a linear combination or weighted sum of the makespan and total completion time. This problem is computationally hard because the special case concerning the minimization of the total completion time is already known to be strongly NP-hard. To find an optimal schedule, we deploy the Johnson algorithm and a lower bound scheme that was previously developed for total completion time scheduling. Computational experiments are presented to study the relative performance of different lower bounds. While the best known bound for the bicriteria problem can successfully solve test cases of 10 jobs within a time limit of 30 min, under the same setting our branch-and-bound algorithm solely equipped with the new scheme can produce optimal schedules for most instances with 30 or less jobs. The results demonstrate the convincing capability of the lower bound scheme in curtailing unnecessary branching during problem-solving sessions. The computational experience also suggests the practical significance and potential implications of this scheme.


The sensitivities of undoped and doped RDX and PETN with carbon black and carbon nanotubes to Nd:YAG pulsed laser were compared.The explosives were confined by K9 and sapphire glasses.The threshold initiation energy of explosives was measured in Bruccton method.The influences of doping with carbon black,confining by K9 glass,and using free-running laser on the initiating sensitivities were compared with that of doping with carbon nanotubes,confining by sapphire glass,and using Q-switched laser.The results show that the dopants,carbon black and carbon nanotubes can enhance the laser initiation sensitivities of RDX and PETN,and the doped effects of carbon black is better than that of carbon nanotubes.RDX and PETN have the minimum initiated energy when they are doped with 1% carbon black.The confined sapphire glasses with thickness of 2 mm can reduce the initiation energy of RDX,pure PETN and PETN doped with carbon black.The PETN doped with carbon nanotubes can be initiated more easily under the confinement of K9 glasses which also has a thickness of 2 mm.Under the confinement of K9 glass,most RDX can be initiated easier by free-running laser than by Q-switched laser,but Q-switched laser is more suitable for the initiation of PETN under confinement of K9 and sapphire glass.


The invention discloses a kind of preparation method of emamectin-benzoate effervescent tablet.Emamectin-benzoate effervescent tablet, the composition that it is formulated is as follows, by percentage to the quality:Methylaminoemamectin benzoate 1 5%, acid source 10 20%, alkali source 10 20%, dispersant 2 6%, wetting agent 2 4%, adhesive 2 6%, disintegrant 3 20%, filler 19 70%.Preparation method:(1)Well mixed be added in pulverizer of raw material is crushed, and obtains pulvis;(2)Pulvis is added to compressing tablet in tablet press machine.Emamectin-benzoate effervescent tablet produced by the present invention has processing simple, and metering is accurate, and performance is stable, storage, transport, it is easy to use, the features such as security is good, while the problem of solving emamectin-benzoate easy photodissociation, extends the storage period of preparation.


L et me begin with a few questions to those readers who are technical/professional communicators (as I imagine the majority of you are!): Did you ever have the opportunity to take a class in technical writing before you went to college? Second, did you ever take an English or language arts class that was not more or less solely dedicated to the reading of literary texts? Third, do you wish that you had been given the opportunity in high school to have some instruction in the writing of nonacademic texts? Although I cannot count your raisedhands, my assumption is that most of you answered "No" to the first two questions. As far as the third question is concerned, I will not presume to know the answer you might give, but I imagine that you would at the very least be curious as to what such instruction might be like in a high school classroom. That is, imagining the possibilities for a broader array of texts in the secondary school curriculum is interesting, if not downright fascinating, to consider. Expanding Literacies: English Teaching and the New Workplace is a book dedicated to investigating the promise of technical and professional communication in the secondary classroom. As many of the chapters make evident, and as the three commentators explain, this is indeed an exciting new arena for technical communication. At the same time, it is also an arena fraught with difficulties: practical, economic, and ideological. The three reviewers in this volume offer up some hard questions concerning the how and why of teaching technical communication in the secondary schools. Dale Sullivan and Ann Brady, both university teachers with a wealth of experience in technical communication, point to the benefits of pursuing these possible changes to secondary classrooms. They also, however, remind us that these changes have social and technological consequences at almost every turn. Certainly go forward, they say, but continually reflect on these consequences as you proceed. In a similar vein, Evelyn Johnson-a secondary and middle school teacher-suggests that expanding the spectrum of literacy in the secondary schools is a "must do" activity, but one that should be monitored and revised on a continual basis. As you will soon see, these three commentaries offer strong support, with a healthy skepticism, for the issues raised in Expanding Literacies. I hope you enjoy reading about this new and exciting educational opportunity for technical communicators, an opportunity especially exciting for those young students who will become the technical communicators of the future.


We present a realistic modeling of the dipole component of the projected sky distribution of NVSS radio galaxies. The modeling relies on mock catalogs generated within the context of ΛCDM cosmology, in the linear regime of structure formation. After removing the contribution from the solar motion, the mocks show that the remaining observed signal is mostly (70%) due to structures within z ≲ 0.1. The amplitude of the model signal depends on the bias factor b of the NVSS mock galaxies. For sources with flux density, S > 15 mJy, the bias recipe inferred from higher order moments is consistent with the observed dipole signal at 2.12σ. Flux thresholds above 20 mJy yield a disagreement close to the 3σ level. A constant high bias, b = 3 is needed to mitigate the tension to the ∼ 2.3σ level.


In the lobby process on REACH, interest groups were trying to influence the policy in their advantage. In case of the REACH policy process, the European institutions and the interests groups were mutual dependent on each other. The Access Theory explains conditions where interest organizations have success in influencing the policy. It is of interest to see whether the Access Theory is sufficient to explain the successes of both Cefic and Greenpeace in the case of the REACH policy process. Therefore this research will answer the following main question:

Is the Access Theory sufficient to explain the successes of both Cefic and Greenpeace in influencing REACH and can the Network Theory and the Lobby Theory provide contributions to explain this process of influence?

In order to answer this question, this research will focus on two interest organizations that have an opposite view on REACH. These are Cefic and Greenpeace.


This paper discusses some of the new requirements in the measurement of harmonic distortion in modern power supply systems: the measurement of the distortion over the harmonic range (>2 kHz) and the time-frequency analysis of harmonic distortion, and presents the basic performance of a new advanced digital measurement instrument that, in addition to classical harmonic distortion, provides an extended analysis of the distortion in the time-frequency domain.


e14515 Background: Activating KRAS mutations predict non-response to cetuximab and panitumumab in advanced colorectal cancer. However, its role as a prognostic marker is contentious. Methods: From ...


Influence of 2-chloronitrobenzene on the activities of total SOD and CAT in Carassius auratus′s livers and gills at the concentration of 0,0.10,0.50,1.00,5.00 mg/L was studied using semi-static toxicity test.The results showed that 2-chloronitrobenzene posed obvious influence on the activities of total SOD and CAT in Carassius auratus′s livers and gills.The activities of the two kinds of enzymes were increased when the concentration of 2-chloronitrobenzene was low while the activities of both of the enzymes were decreased when the concentration of 2-chloronitrobenzene was high.Under the same conditions,the activities of the two enzymes in livers were increased more than those in gills,while the activities of the two enzymes in gills were decreased more than those in livers.The activities of the two enzymes in livers were higher than those in the gills.The results support the study of the influence of 2-chloronitrobenzene on the anti-oxidation systems in the Carassius auratus


Mainly, we botain two sufficient and necessary conditions of submanifold becoming semi invariant products of Kenmotsu manifolds. That is, ⅰ) Let M be a semi invariant submanifold of a Kenmotsu manifold M . Then M is a semi invariant product if and only if\-yX∈Γ(D{ξ}), for any Y∈Γ(TM) and X∈Γ(D) ⅱ) Let M be a semi invariant submanifold of a Kenmotsu manifold. Then M is a semi invariant product if and only if fB(X, Y)=0, of any X∈Γ(TM) and Y∈Γ(D)


The majority of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have transient hyperglycaemia during pregnancy, but up to 50% develop diabetes within five years postpartum. Early diagnosis and timely intervention reduce long‐term morbidity and mortality. Women who have had GDM should have screening for diabetes mellitus according to NICE guidelines. Our previous audits in 2015 and 2016 revealed that only 44% and 33% of women had postpartum screening, respectively. We therefore, changed to glycated haemoglobin testing at 13–24 weeks postpartum, providing a request form and telephone‐reminder calls to patients. After this intervention, we aimed to re‐audit postpartum screening for diabetes in these women.


We discuss the dispersion of two-photon absorption coefficient for a CdS-ZnO nanocomposite thin film using a new, sensitive, simple and single beam technique called antiresonant ring interferometric spectroscopy.


The nature and application of medicinal plants in managing complications of various ailments are attributed partly to the presence of different phytochemicals. Oxidative stress due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species is a challenge in the management of such ailments, which might lead to death. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical composition and antioxidant potential of Hyphaene thebaica fruit. The phytochemicals in methanol, aqueous, and ethyl acetate extract were qualitatively determined, followed by quantitation of the ethyl acetate extract as it contains phytochemicals absent in the other extracts. The in vitro antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate extract of H. thebaica fruit was also determined. The result revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, and flavonoids in all the extracts. However, steroids were not detected in the aqueous extract, and glycoside was detected only in the ethyl acetate extract. Flavonoids (5.80±0.20%) were higher than all the other phytochemicals in the ethyl acetate extract, followed by saponins which were present up to 2.50±0.11%, then terpenoids. Glycosides were present in higher amounts compared to steroids. However, alkaloids (0.08±0.05%) were in smaller amounts compared to the other phytochemicals quantified. The antioxidant activity showed a concentration-dependent increase in absorbance of the extract as displayed by the standard (ascorbic acid). The extract had an IC50 of 52.21 µg/mL, significantly (p <0.05) higher than that of the standard (14.10 µg/mL). Due to its phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity, H. thebaica can be used as a medicinal plant.


Halonen, M., Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, FinlandMappes,T.,DepartmentofBiologicalandEnvironmentalScience,P.O.Box35,FI-40014University of Jyvaskyla, FinlandMeri, T., Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014University of Jyvaskyla, FinlandSuhonen, J., Department of Biological and Environmental Science, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyvaskyla, Finland. Current address: Section of Ecology, Depart-ment of Biology, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland. email@example.com (*Corre-sponding author)Received 15 May 2006, revised 1 February 2007, accepted 18 March 2007


This paper presents a review of the current traction motor topologies available in the railway market in two parts. In the first part, essential aspects of the electromagnetic and thermal design of railway traction motors, e.g. motor sizing, rotor configurations and cooling methods, are discussed. Different topologies are compared considering the wide range of applications. The pros and cons of each topology in specific applications are highlighted based on the corresponding performance requirements. The focus in this paper is placed on the main applications in railway including light rail vehicles, metros, electric multiple units, high speed trains and locomotives. Additionally, trends in traction motors development in the coming decades are reported separately for electromagnetic and cooling designs.


Three antipyrinylazo compounds,7-(4-antipyrinylazo)-8-hdroxyquinoline,antipyrinylazo salicylaldehyde and 5-antipyrinylazo salicylfluorone,were synthesized and characterized by IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy.Some chromogenic reactions of three metal ions,niobium,zirconium and vanadium,with them were studied.A new method was proposed to determine vanadium ions by forming a stable orange red complex through their interaction with 7-(4-antipyrinylazo)-8-hdroxyquinoline at room temperature and in the presence of HAc-NH4Ac buffer solution at pH=6.8.The complex gave a maximum absorption atλ=480nm with a molar absorptivity coefficient of 3.17×104L/(mol·cm),and the Beer′s law was obeyed in the range 0~30μg in the solution of 25mL for vanadium.


A description is given of the methods employed to dry out an electric generator, switchboard and motors which had been under water for more than a week in a flooded basement, the water being contaminated with sewage and sludge.


The foaming agents and oil got from oilfield were used to study the mechanism of nitrogen hot-water foam flooding for enhancing oil recovery. The foaming agents were evaluated in laboratory, and the effects of oil displacement and the improvement of swept volume were investigated. The factors influencing oil-displacement efficiency of nitrogen hot-water foam flooding including the foaming ability and half-period of foaming agent, the optimum ratio of gas to liquid, and the concentration of foaming agent were analyzed. The experiment results show that the foaming ability and half-period of foaming agent and resistance factor increase with the increase of foaming agent concentration in aqueous foaming solution. The optimum ratio of gas to liquid is one to two, and the optimum concentration of foaming agent is 0.3 percent. The nitrogen hot-water foam-drive process is more effective for heterogeneous formations rather than for homogeneous ones. In the first case, the residual oil saturation was reduced by 21.1 percent, and oil recovery increased by 31.2 percent.