Good daylighting performance positively affects students' physical and mental health, learning efficiency, and the building's energy-saving capability. Due to the terrace classroom having ample space, large capacity, the ability to avoid obstructing sight, and the ability to meet various use needs, it is the most important place in university buildings. However, research on the daylighting performance of university terrace classrooms is limited, leading to a lack of quantitative guidance in early design stages. This study aims to explore the effects of interior space and window geometry of terrace classrooms in universities in severe cold regions on daylighting performance. This research took Shenyang as an example; spatial daylight autonomy (sDA300,50%) and useful daylight illuminance (UDI100–2000) were selected as daylighting performance evaluation indices. Based on the Grasshopper parametric platform, the simulation was carried out using Ladybug and Honeybee plugins. Correlation and regression analyses revealed the relationship between interior space and window geometry parameters and the evaluation indices. The results showed the following: window-to-floor ratio (WFR), classroom height (Htc), window height (Hw), window-to-wall ratio (WWR), classroom width (Wtc), and window width (Ww) have positive effects on improving the daylight sufficiency of the terrace classrooms facing each orientation, and the degree of the effect decreases in order. To ensure the overall daylighting performance, the Wtc can be maximized. The width of walls between windows for south-facing and west-facing classrooms should be 0.9 m. The WWR and WFR for south-facing classrooms should be 0.3–0.5 and 0.11–0.14, respectively. The WWR and WFR for north-facing classrooms should be 0.6–0.7 and 0.14–0.20, respectively. Prediction models are established for the sDA300,50% and UDI100–2000 of the terrace classrooms facing each orientation.


The goal of this work is to improve dictionary learning techniques for classification. We primarily focus on the label consistent K-SVD technique. We improve the consistency between the linear classification and class labels by introducing a sigmoid function. The second improvement is in replacing the Euclidean norm for the consistency constraint by a robust lp-norm (0<;p<;1); this makes the inconsistency robust to changes in magnitude. We compare our proposed modifications with existing work on label consistent KSVD and Sparse Classifier on the Extended YaleB and the AR face databases. Our proposed formulations show considerable improvement in accuracy compared to the baselines.


Summary: In the short time of its existence, the Internet has become an integral part of the everyday life of large numbers of people in China. Bloggers, microbloggers, and other users participate in every kind of online activity, serious and frivolous alike, from political activism to multiplayer gaming to music and film downloading to the making of spoof films. The diffusion of this technology has spawned debates on governance, commerce, education, social security, and ethnic relations, among many other topics.


It has recently been demonstrated that the OER activity of transition metal sulfides (TMSs) could be enhanced by the introduction of a thin amorphous layer on a pristine surface.


In this paper we discuss three signal models and respective Maximum Likelihood estimators of time and frequency osets. We consider implementation structures for these estimators. Furthermore, we di ...


In this paper, we shall discuss the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a nonlinear anti-periodic boundary value problem for fractional impulsive differential equations involving a Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivative of order r ∈ (0, 1). Our results are based on some fixed point theorem, nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder type and coupled lower and upper solutions.


The main characteristics of a real-time bandwidth reduction approach are described whereby facsimile signals are demodulated and their associated protocols are converted by a facsimile interface unit (FIU) to a format suitable for transmission over Inmarsat-M digital satellite channels. The Inmarsat-M system is designed to serve land mobile customers, however, it is also readily used for maritime communications. The FIU concept was developed to allow off-the-shelf facsimile terminals to be interconnected via the PSTN through Inmarsat's satellite networks and to permit the provision of enhanced user services by converting Group 3 facsimile protocols to broadcast operation. In addition, the FIU concept is designed to compensate for the longer access and transport link delays encountered in mobile satellite systems, and to permit facsimile call recovery procedures to be successfully concatenated with satellite channel error detection and recovery mechanisms.<<ETX>>


R. KUMAR,Reader in Psychosomatic Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry and Honorary Consultant, Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals, London; E. S. MELTZER, Consultant Psychiatrist, Warley Hospital, Brentwood, Essex, formerly Senior Registrar, Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals; ROSALINDHEPPLEWHITE, formerly Assistant House Governor, Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals; and A. D. STEVENSON, Operational Services Manager, BUPA Hospitals Ltd., London, formerly Assistant House Governor, Bethlem Royal and Maudsley Hospitals


This paper addresses the fundamental aerodynamics, stability, and control analysis of a solar power Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) as a part of the preliminary design stage. The tactical solar-powered UAV addressed in this paper is primarily developed for intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions at low altitude. Moreover, such design also has a dual-use capability, which could be utilized in both military and civilian domains. The aerodynamic characteristics of the UAV are obtained from both computational fluid dynamics analysis technique and the wind-tunnel testing at the design operating Reynolds number ranging from 1x105 – 4.5x105. The fundamental aerodynamics coefficient consists of lift, drag, and pitching moment variations versus the angle of attack. The stability and control analysis was carried out based on the small disturbance theory in correlation with the XFLR5 software. The results show that the tactical solar power UAV design could achieve high aerodynamic efficiency at a 4-degree angle of attack which is corresponding to the lift-to-drag ratio of 20.05. Also, the analysis results confirm that the design possesses positive static and dynamic stability at the design cruise flight condition.


Blend membrane of chitosan powder and polyurethane is prepared by different methods.The surface morphology,hygroscopic property,infrared spectra characteristics and immobilized Aspergillus effect of blend membranes,made from different contents of chitosan powders and carbon source nutrients,such as sucrose,are studied.It shows that with the increasing of chitosan powder content,the surface morphology of blend film gradually looses from densification to porous and forms a sponge-like structure,while film forming property becomes worse.Both components are evenly distributed in blend films,with good compatibility between chitosan powder and polyurethane.Its water absorption is gradually improved along with the increase of chitosan and nutrition.In order to obtain great performance of immobilized microorganisms,membranes with 20% of the chitosan content and 10% of carbon nutrient are prepared and then immobilized for 72 hours.Aspergillus sojae has outstanding immobilization effect.It's verified by the experiment that after treatment with blend membrane,COD of the wool scouring effluent decreases to 198 mg /L from 12 000 mg /L,the concentration of suspended solids(SS) reduces to 125 mg /L from 1 935 mg /L,which met the requirements of the "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard"(GB 8979—1996).


The question we present here is about two different design approaches: task-oriented and function-oriented. Briefly, task-oriented design needs task-related information analysis and function-oriented design needs the analysis of functional structure of work domain. It is thus desirable to consider the usefulness of analysis methods in terms of design approaches. For this, we present three analysis methods and discuss the problem of how to use analysis results for design requirements identification.


The primary aim of this study is to give a description of the vowel systems of speakers of Indonesian of different regional backgrounds. Secondly, we will compare our data with two different vowel typologies. The Indonesian vowel system comprises 6 vowel phonemes (disregard ing diphthongs), viz. /i, e, a, o, u/ and a central vowel. The central vowel is taken by Trubetzkoy to be a closed central vowel (cf. Trubetzkoy 1929:49). According to others, it is a mid vowel (cf. Halim 1974:169; Stokhof 1975:269). Grammars of the Indonesian language usually give a rather impressionistic description of the vowel system of that language. Teeuw (1978), for instance, relates the pronunciation of the Indonesian vowels to the Dutch vowels: Indonesian a is roughly speaking pro nounced somewhere between Dutch aa in maat and Dutch a in mat; i is


According to the research of Sedyaningsih by 2015 that South Jakarta has the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence caused by online prostitution activities, namely of 372 cases out of 1.032 cases of online prostitution. The purpose of this research is to analyze the phenomenon of online prostitution in South Jakarta area focused on the practice of commercial sex workers behavioral. This research is qualitative research with the descriptive approach. The subjects in this study amounted to 14 people which consists of 5 research subjects and 9 triangulation subjects. The results showed that the whole subject of research is the commercial sex workers that can be booked via the internet and provide services to have sex with their clients, on the normative beliefs variables that most of the research subjects knows the online prostitution from their closer friend, on the attitude variables research subjects shows negativity attitude towards their job, on the motivational variable shows that most of the research subjects wants to be recognized in their social environment and cannot detached from the luxury lifestyle, on the subjective norm variables shows that most of the  research subject does not want to be known as commercial sex workers of online prostitution, on the intention variable research subjects shows that the whole research subjects showed positive intention since the very first time they get to know the online prostitution. Data analysis in this study uses qualitative descriptive method. The behavior of commercial sex workers on online prostitution in South Jakarta based on their motives are self-actualization in group social and economic motives. Behavior of online prostitution is considered risky because the commercial sex workers online prostitution do high-risk sexual behavior as well as online prostitution is disguised prostitution so it cannot be observed by the Government. So the further monitoring of activities online prostitution in South Jakarta is very necessary.


Euphorbia hirta is a well known plant of the herbal world, which gains the popularity due to its various pharmacological activities. The roots of plant Euphorbia hirta used as purgative and leaves and stems are reported to be cooked with cooked with pork and used as tonic. The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Euphorbia hirta (ethanolic and aqueous extract p.o.) on carragenan induced inflammation. The study was carried out on carragenan induced inflammation model by carragenan. Diclofenac Sodium 50 mg/kg was used as reference standard. It has been observed that the aqueous extract and ethanolic extract showed maximum percentage protection towards inflammation in comparison to other extracts. The plant Euphorbia hirta reduces inflammation and prevents the development of experimentally induced inflammation in rats.


In this study, an easily implementable and effective method in loss-minimisation control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) is proposed. Complication of loss-minimisation condition and its implementation are main problems in model-based control methods of IPMSMs. To resolve these problems, an approximate-model is used for simplification of loss-minimisation condition and a proportional–integral-controller is utilised to directly solve the loss-minimisation condition. Also, saturation and iron loss resistance variation due to frequency variation are considered in the proposed method. Furthermore, results show the high precision of the proposed method in comparison with accurate model. Steady-state performance of the proposed method is compared with look-up table-based loss-minimisation and maximum torque per ampere (MTPA) control methods. Also, experimental results verify performance, good dynamic response and effectiveness in loss reduction of the proposed method under different conditions in comparison with look-up table-based loss-minimisation and MTPA control methods.


Trees inroads ide greenbelt were inventoried in 2008 by The Park and Public Funerial Agency of Jakarta Province Government in order to develop a trees database of green open space in Jakarta. Number of trees was observed in 113 main roads at 5 administration regions of Jakarta. Observed road consist of 23 roads in central Jakarta, 24 roads in North Jakarta, 22 roads in south Jakarta, 22 roads in West Jakarta, and 23 roads in East Jakarta. Data collection was limited to all trees that exist in right of way area that included trees in pedestrian paths, median and road separators. Physical attributes of these trees were observed include of name of the trees, caliper, tree height and width of canopy. The results ofthese observation shows that in the most of roads, trees were found in one row in places such as road shoulders, road separators and road median. However more than on" row of trees was found in several roads that have a wide median or road shoulder. The observation of 113 roads shows trees in roadside greenbelt in Jakarta consisted of wide varieties. Totally 25,701 trees were found, and at least 119 species of trees were recorded. However anlOng of the species, 79% of population was dominated by the next 10 species: Swietenia macrophylla, Pterocmpus 'indfcus, Mimusops elengi, Polyathia jragransJ Cerbera mallghas, Ficus benjamina, Diallium indum, Roystonea regia, Poiyalthia iongijiioa and Bauhillia purpurea. Most of roads were planted with more than on single species. The number of tree species in each roads observed ranged from I 26 species in Central Jakarta, 149 species in West Jakarta, 1-36 species in North Jakarta, 1-37 species in East Jakarta, and ranged from 3·34 species in South Jakarta. The diversity of tree species in roadside greenbelt in Jakarta enhanced the functions of planting in creating a comfortable and beautiful road for its surrounding. Keyword: Diversity, Roadside greenbelt, Tree


The article deals with the works of monumental painting, decorative and applied art and art of the book miniature of the early Christian era with the first images that refer to the prototypes of the "Last Supper". The research of iconography and the origins of the plot, namely, the influence of Roman art on the formation of iconography and artistic works of Christian art at its earliest stages of creation is the main line of the article. The main problems of identification of the plot, its symbols and use in various art forms are highlighted.In the study of the iconography of the plot "The Last Supper", the main difficulties arise with the origin of the plot, and therefore, with the use of evangelical or synoptic sources for its interpretation by masters who created these works of art. Times of dating, works of the early Christian era over time transformed even more and changed in the context of the development of iconography with its artistic peculiarities. The placement of Christ's disciples during the conduct of the sacrament, their posture, clothing, symbolism and details of the conditional interior, which accompany each work deserve detailed examination, art-study analysis and scientific explanation.In the study of the Byzantine book miniature of the early Christian era, it appears necessary to determine which part of the text from the Holy Scripture is illustrated alongside the image of the "Last Supper" and which additional miniatures accompany it. Also, special attention deserves exceptional and rare in the number of works of decorative and applied arts, in which the plot was embodied. In addition, to consider the origin and development of the iconography of the "Last Supper", it appears necessary to analyse and distinguish the differences in the iconography of works.The material of the article is illustrated by the works of the monumental art of the Roman catacombs and exhibits from the collection of the Louvre Museum, the State Historical Museum in Moscow, the Archbishopric Treasury of the Rossano Cathedral and the miniatures of the Cambridge Library of the Corpus Christi College.


The hemoconcentration effect for middle weight solutes in hemodialysis is corrected by oversimplified methods based on hematocrit changes or distribution volume variations. Here we implemented a variable volume dual pool kinetic model targeted at obtaining a precise correction factor equation for extracellularly distributed solutes based on relevant kinetic parameters such as the ultrafiltration to dry weight ratio UF/DW, the dialyzer clearance, Kd, the intercompartment mass-transfer coefficient, Kc, and the central compartment to extracellular volume ratio, α. More than 300,000 solutions of the model were computed, performing a sweep among physiological values of the proposed kinetic parameters, resulting in a linear regression denoted by the expression fcorr = 1.0707 − 5.2246 (UF/DW) − 0.0005 Kd − 0.0004 Kc − 0.0007 α, with an excellent coefficient of determination R2 = 0.983. The presented fcorr provides a substantial extension of the currently implemented methods to estimate the hemoconcentration factor for middle and high molecular weight extracellular distributed solutes in hemodialysis.


The MapReduce Framework and Hadoop is the platform for scalable analysis on large Datasets in recent years. The primary concern in the Hadoop is to minimize the completion length (i.e., makespan) and fixed number of MapReduce jobs. This makes performance low and causes low resource utilization. To overcome this, we propose a system which dynamically allocates the map and reduce jobs, thus leading to high resource utilization and reduced completion length. The dynamic allocation of MapReduce jobs is achieved by implementing Combiner Interface in MapReduce Framework. The Proposed solution is implemented in the Amazon EC2 Cluster in both Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Clusters. The experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of our proposed system under simple workloads.nbsp


Abstract The objective of this study is a comparative analysis of the ballistic effectiveness of packages made of biaxial and triaxial Kevlar 29 fabrics under the hitting of Parabellum 9×19 bullet. We conduct both numerical simulations using the LS-Dyna program and experimental research in a ballistic research laboratory. Based on the comparative analysis of the results from the numerical and experimental research, demonstrated differences exist in the ballistic effectiveness between the packages made of biaxial fabrics and the packages consisting of triaxial fabrics. For this purpose, the residual velocity of the bullet is analyzed in detail in terms of the maximum deformation cone, the shape of the deformation cone, and the distribution of stress for the textile ballistic packages. It is established that the packages made of triaxial fabric show a considerably smaller deformation cone compared with the packages made of biaxial fabric, a more favorable shape of the deformation cone from the perspective of ballistic trauma and distribution of stress similar to materials with isotropic properties. Poorer properties are recorded for these packages in the case of the minimum number of layers necessary for stopping the bullet, which arises from the open-work structure of the fabric.


Present paper concern room temperature field induced alcohol sensitivity of nanostructured TiO2 thin film in field effect transistor (TFT) configurations. TiO2 thin film were synthesized via low cost solution process...


Endothelial dysfunction is now associated with countless cardiovascular and noncardiovascular pathologies, and has been referred to in the scientific literature more than 65,000 times since 1980 (PubMed search, December 2015). The term was coined in the mid-80s, following the major breakthrough by


Introduction:
 Currently, there are no
 in vitro
 models that fully recapitulate cardiogenesis. Knowledge gained by a three-dimensional model of cardiogenesis could be useful to improve techniques to engineer heart tissue or to act as a model of the onset of congenital heart defects. Within this study, we designed a tissue engineered model of the embryonic heart tube that undergoes the looping phenomenon.

 Methods:
 Embryonic heart tubes (EHT) were engineered using a novel casting method (Figure 1A, B). Tubes were created through serial castings resulting in an inner acellular layer surrounded by a thin iPS derived cardiomyocyte layer, mimicking the
 in vivo
 cross-sectional anatomy. In the developing heart, looping is driven through both internal and external forces, leading to elongation of the tube resulting in a rightward rotation at the cranial end of the embryo and a dorsal deflection at the caudal end. To mimic this, we designed a bioreactor system (Figure 1C) that would enable 180°rotation on the "cranial end", 300% dorsal deflection on the "caudal end", shortening by 100% for the entire tissue.

 Results:
 EHTs were maintained for seven days via perfusion culture (Figure 1D). Histologic analysis confirmed cross-sectional orientation that matches the native heart tube at day 22 (Figure 1B). EHTs were found to remain patency, perfusability and viability during culture (Figure 1E). When exposed to external forces within the bioreactor, tubes looped similarly to what is seen during cardiogenesis with both ends fusing together into a primitive four-chambered shape (Figure 1D, F; numbers indicate location within the tissue the image was taken), including potential ventricular septal formation (white arrow).

 Conclusions:
 We successfully engineered a heart tube model that mimics the cross-sectional anatomy and looping of the embryonic heart tube. This model could be further expanded to further study cardiogenesis or modified to study the onset of congenital heart defects.


Abstract This study examined how the former South African president, Nelson Mandela, used language to present his political ideologies and the persuasion techniques he used to convince his audience of the state's achievements and challenges when delivering two State of the Nation addresses (1994 and 1999). The study was qualitative in nature and followed a case study design. Two speeches presented by former President Mandela provided the data for the study. Content analysis was used to analyse the data. The results showed that former President Mandela used the restoration of human dignity for all South Africans, freedom of the individual, taking care of the poor, caring for vulnerable groups, overcoming fear, unity, and a better life for all as his ideologies.


In view of the complexity of the fault in nautical equipment such as inertial navigator,the two fault diagnosis methods which are respectively based on fault tree and case analysis were presented.The advantage and disadvantage of these two methods were analyzed.In the end the fault diagnosis method combining the above two methods was introduced,taking full advantage of the two methods.The case library was established and explained through the learning machine,and the rules were given in the light of the arithmetic of fault tree,applying correlative rule to judge the malfunction by the inference machine.


Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an Additive Manufacturing technology where a heated plastic filament will be placed on the bedplate layer by layer until the 3D object is printed. The mechanical properties of the ABS FDM 3D-printed parts are not yet determined or estimated prior printing. Hence, the goal of this study is to identify the optimum 3D printing parameters based on the tensile properties of ABS FDM 3D-printed polymer parts. Taguchi approach and Range Analysis were used in finding the optimum 3D printing parameters in which different parameters were considered to meet the requirements of the orthogonal arrays. Five pieces of 3D-printed dumbbell-shaped tensile specimen were prepared for each parameter. The tests followed the ASTM D638-14 standard. The result for the optimum 3D printing configuration of ABS FDM 3D-printed material were concluded as the values with the highest tensile strength.


RSR (Rank-sum ratio) includes the following process: code ranking, calculating RSR, analyzing the distribution of RSR, calculating with regression equation, code ranking and ordering etc. to arrange the rank of damage to health by environment pollution based on the environment and health medical science, to make an evaluation of the damage by environment pollution to people's and individual's health, through this evaluation we can see that the important part is how to arrange the rank reasonably and rightly in the application of RSR method in the damage of people's health by environmental pollution, and propose some methods to arrange rank. The research enriches the methods of evaluating the damage of environment pollution to people's health, and also makes the application of RSR method more widely and scientifically.


Abstract Two new species of Bachia of the bresslaui group are described from the central Brazilian Cerrados, state of Tocantins. The two species are most similar to Bachia bresslaui and Bachia cacerensis from which they differ in limb morphology and head scalation. In both, the snout is more prominent than that of previously known species, suggesting more pronounced adaptations to fossoriality. One of the new species has stiliform forelimbs and four clawed short toes in the hind limb, an opposite pattern to the condition observed in the genus where limb reduction is more pronounced in hind limbs. The two new species were obtained in relictual sandy soil areas covered by semidecidual or open dry forest vegetation. Considering the relictual condition of these sandy areas, the possible endemism to those areas, and the high level of disturbance of the Cerrados, we strongly suggest that these areas should be the target of special conservation efforts.


IN 1988 I had the honour to be invited to deliver the Katharine Briggs Memorial Lecture to the Folklore Society. It was with some trepidation that I selected a theme to which Katharine Briggs made her own contribution and which has long interested members of this Society, from whose work I have learned a good deal. The present paper corresponds largely, though not entirely, to the lecture given on that occasion (a tape of which is in the Society's Library); it is an abbreviated version of the chapter on 'Rough Music' in my recent book Customs in Common (Merlin Press, 1991).


This study aims to examine the influence of organizational justice and religiosity on employee fraud mediated by whistleblowing intention. This study uses primary data by distributing questionnaires to employees who work in Islamic banks in the DKI Jakarta area. Sampling was done using the purposive sampling method. This study used sample of 71 respondents. The data analysis method that used as Partial Least Square (PLS)-SEM with the help of data analysis tool SmartPLS 3.0. The results of this study indicate that religiosity shows significant effect on whistleblowing intentions. Organizational justice unable to contribute significantly to whistleblowing intention. Whistleblowing intention have a significant effect on employee fraud. Organizational justice and religiosity unable to contribute significantly to the employee fraud. Furthermore, religiosity significantly influence on employee fraud through whistleblowing intentions. Organizational justice unable to contribute significantly to employee fraud through whistleblowing intentions.


Broadband Internet access involves transfer of large data at high speeds, and at the same time the proliferation of new services. Rural areas, for a number of particularities such as the population size, geographical dispersion and lack of commercial attractiveness are often areas of limited availability of broadband access. This paper presents the objectives that must be met in order to minimize the evident differences when compared to urban areas. By achieving the above-mentioned objectives, the country could potentially realise direct (GDP increase) and indirect benefits. In addition to the already existing Strategy for Broadband Development in the Republic of Croatia within the period from 2012 to 2015, it is necessary to continuously harmonize with the determinants of Digital Agenda for Europe. Through strategically planned investments for the implementation of new information and communication infrastructure, and the improvement and modernization of existing ones, it's imperative to gradually increase the availability of broadband access, regardless of geographic area.


Precambrian rocks exposed around Pur are a part of Pur-Banera belt that is stratigraphically placed within Aravalli Quartzite, Calc Silicate Gneiss, Quartzite and Garnetiferous Mica Supergroup. The different lithological units exposed in the area are Banded Magnetite Schist. These rocks have been subjected to multi-deformational episodes. In accordance with the modern system of multi-level deformation analysis proposed by Fedor Yakovlev in 2012, the results of the The work belongs to the scientific direction of tectonophysics, which was called "strain analysis of linear folding structures". The present study involves analysis of strain in the rocks around Pur, Bhilwara District, Rajasthan (India). The deformation analysis at the level of folds (level three of seven) are presented in this work. The outcrop pattern is an isoclinal fold of D2 generation, whose axis plunges steeply NE'ly with an axial plane trending NNE-SSW. The quartzite band in this Pur Synform was sampled for the purpose of strain analysis. This section parallel to the YZ plane of finite strain ellipsoid was prepared (perpendicular to both Schistosity and the lineation). The accepted methods used to estimate strain are a) Fry method and b) "Isogon Rosette" method. The axial ratio of the strain ellipse and the orientation of the long axis of the strain ellipse were computed for every location. It was seen that the strain ratio is nearly uniform in magnitude. The orientation of the long axis of the strain ellipse (Y direction of the finite strain ellipsoid) is also constant in space and parallel to the axial trace of D2 Synform. From the analysis it was suggested a strong flattening following the buckling. The amount of this flattening strain was computed using the"Isogon rosette" method. We calculated reflects the flattening strain recorded in the rock with the very high constancy of the strain ratio and the orientation of the long axis of the strain ellipse irrespective of the methodology adopted. The results of performed researches bring tectonophysics database up-to-date providing an excellent opportunity for provenance analysis of the Pur-basin using the different types of undulose extinction of the quartzite for development of prospective mining projects around the area including iron deposits.


It's common to call a strategic plan "visionary," but this time around it feels almost prophetic On August 18, the 61-member AWWA board of directors adopted its new 2025 Strategic Plan It's fascinating that the development of this plan began in advance of two monumental events in our society—the first being the impacts of COVID-19 on health and business conditions and the second being a revived societal drive to address racial inequality Our Strategic Planning Committee and board members were seemingly prescient when they crafted elements of the plan that clearly speak to AWWA's role in both of these societal events As a result, AWWA's new 2025 Strategic Plan aspires to the right objectives at the right time The 2025 plan renews the legacy of AWWA's vision of a better world through better water as well as our mission of providing solutions to effectively manage water—the world's most vital resource This plan bolsters three important themes that address the impacts of COVID-19 on the water community and steps we can take toward better diversity and inclusion


Background: Many empirical software engineering studies use students as subjects and are conducted as part of university courses. Aim: We aim at reporting our experiences with using guidelines for integrating empirical studies with our research and teaching goals. Method: We document our experience from conducting three studies with graduate students in two software architecture courses. Results: Our results show some problems that we faced when following the guidelines and deviations we made from the original guidelines. Conclusions: Based on our results we propose recommendations for empirical software engineering studies that are integrated in university courses.


Despite the recent burgeoning in predator tracking studies, few report on 15 seabird activity patterns, despite the potential to provide important insights into 16 foraging ecology and distribution. In the first year-round study for any small petrel, we 17 examined the activity patterns of the white-chinned petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis 18 based on data from combination geolocator-immersion loggers deployed on adults at 19 South Georgia. The petrels were highly nocturnal, flying for greater proportions of 20 darkness than any large procellarid studied so far, except the light-mantled albatross 21 Phoebetria palpebrata . Flight bout durations were short compared with other species, 22 suggesting a dominant foraging mode of small-scale searching within large prey 23 patches. When migrating, birds reduced the proportion of time on the water and 24 increased flight bout duration. Activity patterns changed seasonally: birds flew least 25 during the nonbreeding period, and most frequently during chick-rearing in order to 26 meet higher energy demands associated with provisioning offspring. The degree of 27 their response to moonlight was also stage dependent (greatest in nonbreeding, and 28 weakest in incubating birds), a trait potentially shared by other nocturnal petrels which 29 will have repercussions for feeding success and prey selection. For the white-chinned 30 petrel, which is commonly caught in longline fisheries, these results can be used to 31 identify periods when birds are most susceptible to bycatch, and therefore when use of 32 mitigation and checking for compliance is critical.


Measurements have been made of the mean life τ2, and the percent I2, of positrons forming triplet positronium in propyl halides and in benzene‐carbon tetrachloride solutions. The experimental variations of I2 in the propyl halides can be predicted assuming a semiempirical equation of the form 100–4/3I2=AN1+2.4N2, where A is the annihilation factor of the parent molecule and N1 and N2 are the percent volumes of the parent and halide, respectively. A equal to 0.36 is needed for the propyl parent. This equation also predicts correctly the experimental values for the benzyl halides if A equal to 0.53 is used as the benzyl annihilation factor. The quenching of I2 in the benzene‐carbon tetrachloride solutions is much greater than that computed by the equation and the variation in quenching closely resembles that obtained in aqueous nitrate‐ion solutions.


In this paper we propose a novel index to quantify and measure the flow of information on macro and micro scales. We discuss the implications of this index for knowledge management fields and also as intellectual capital that can thus be utilized by entrepreneurs. We explore different function and human oriented metrics that can be used at micro-scales to process the flow of information. We present a table of about 23 metrics, such as change in IT inventory and percentage of employees with advanced degrees, that can be used at micro scales to wholly quantify knowledge dispersion as intellectual capital. At macro scales we split the economy in an industrial and consumer sector where the flow of information in each determines how fast an economy is going to grow and how overall an economy will perform given the aggregate demand. Lastly, we propose a model for knowledge dispersion based on graph theory and show how corrections in the flow become self-evident. Through the principals of flow conservation and capacity constrains we also speculate how this flow might seeks some equilibrium and exhibit self-correction codes. This proposed model allows us to account for perturbations in form of local noise, evolution of networks, provide robustness against local damage from lower nodes, and help determine the underlying classification into network super-families.


The continuous-wave (CW) and passively Q-switched 1066 nm laser performances with a novel Nd:Gd<inf>0.69</inf>Y<inf>0.3</inf>TaO<inf>4</inf> mixed crystal was demonstrated. The attained maximum peak power was 1.34 kW with the pulse repetition frequency of 74 kHz.


Tattoos are commonly accepted as a lifestyle choice, with an estimated 10-20% of the global population having a tattoo. Burn injuries in tattooed skin can be challenging to assess, and incorrect management can lead to an unnecessary burden on resources. This may lead to preventable patient morbidity. We present a case series of patients presenting to our unit with burn injuries on tattooed skin, and discuss recommendations for assessing and optimising care in this cohort. Four male patients aged 23 to 50 years old are discussed in this study, with burn injuries to limb tattooed skin. One patient underwent surgical management and upon a test shave of the apparent full thickness burn with tattoo pigmentation, showed a bleeding dermis which would indicate a more superficial burn. A second patient had burn depth masked a colour tattoo that mimicked a mid to deep dermal burn. We highlight the difficulties in assessing patients with burn injuries in tattooed skin and the importance of ensuring the correct diagnosis in depth of burn. This is to allow optimal treatment and avoid potential complications that may occur as a result of misdiagnosis.


More than 150 countries are now Party to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which seeks as its ultimate objective, to stabilize atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases at a level that would prevent dangerous human interference with the global climate system. As a step towards that goal, all Parties are to take measures to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and to promote cooperation in the development and diffusion of technologies and practices that control or reduce emissions and enhance sinks of greenhouse gases. In the U.S. view, efforts between countries or entities within them to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions undertaken cooperatively, termed joint implementation (JI), holds significant potential both for reducing the threat of global climate change and for promoting sustainable development. To develop and operationalize the JI concept, the U.S. launched its Initiative on Joint Implementation (IJI) in October, 1993, and designed a program to attract private sector resources and to encourage the diffusion of innovative technologies to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. The goals of U.S. IJI complement the principles of Decision 5, First Conference of the FCCC Parties, establishing an Activities Implemented Jointly pilot phase.


Modern web browsers have recently increased their support for HTML5, which introduces the new canvas element used for rendering graphics and visual images on the fly. However, the interface to the canvas element is so complex, that trivial tasks like displaying a 3D model and allowing viewers to rotate it and zoom in/out are hard to achieve. Using the jQuery plugin architecture together with the 3CDL graphics library, we implemented a plugin for visualizing existing three-dimensional models in web pages, in such interactive manner, with just a few additions to the HTML markup.


Studied problems at this research is what is Organizational Culture, Style
Leadership and Uncertainty of Environment have influence to Governmental Performance Officer of Town Field. This Research aim to to know Cultural influence of Organization, Style Leadership and Uncertainty of Environment to Governmental Performance Officer of Town Field. Population in research is laboring Officer Part Of Public of Seketariat Area Town Field at Government Of Town Field. Method election of sampel at this research is election of census sampel because census method represent intake of data from all member or element from a[n population. Source of data in research is primary data steming from responder answer in the form of kuesioner. Method
analyse data the used analysis of regresi doubled with SPSS 16.0
Result of research concluded that by simultan organizational culture,
leadership style and of environmental pastian have positive influence of
signifikan to performance officer of local government at municipal administration of Field, equally Is ha accepted. value of signifikan equal to 0,00 and f value count equal to 25.894. value of Signifikansi smaller than 0,05 and f value count big ger than f value of tables of ( 25.894 > 3,295) Conclusion of this research is organizational culture, leadership style and of ketidak environmental pastian have positive influence of signifikan to
performance officer of local government at municipal administration of Field by
simultan.


Spiritus 10 (2010): 271–275 © 2010 by The Johns Hopkins University Press Nicholas Carr's essay "Is the Google Making Us Stupid?" in The Atlantic Monthly has generated vigorous debates on the Internet.1 After all, Google was once the most visited website in the United States, surpassed only recently by Facebook. With the availability of so much information by clicking the mouse or tapping on the touchpad, one would expect that Google would make us smarter. Carr argues that our constant surfing on the web, skimming through headlines, watching videos and pod casts, and jumping from link to link to link change our mental habits and thought processes. He notes that his own attention span has become shorter than before and his mind easily wanders, so much so that "the deep reading that used to come naturally has become a struggle."2 His friend laments that he can't read War and Peace anymore. In the past, people use the metaphor of a cathedral to describe the mind of a learned person; today our individual minds and the overall culture are more like a bazaar.3 The cathedral is spacious, with towers and high vaults, transepts, stained glass windows, and side chapels and altars. The voluminous space holds the prayers, plainsongs, and anthems sung throughout the centuries. The playwright Richard Foreman describes the forming of the cathedral personality:


This study was conducted to determine the nutritive value of soybean varieties using in vitro methods and gas production technique.In vitro gas productions and gas production kinetics of soybean variety were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h incubation times. This study revealed that there were variations among five different soybean varieties in terms of chemical composition and gas production rate. The crude protein (CP) contents of soybean variety ranged from 34.02 to 37.13%. Ash content of soybean seeds ranged from 5.42 to 5.59%. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents ranged from 16.4 to 25.0% and 13.0 to 21.6%, respectively. The ether extract (EE) ranged from 18.72 to 21.00%. The gas production rate (c) ranged from 0.110 to 0.150%. The highest gas production rate of soybean variety were found in Adasoy and Nazlican varieties (P<0.05). The metabolisable energy (ME) and organic matter digestibility (OMD) contents of soybean variety ranged from 7.053 to 7.383 MJ/kg DM and 71.953 to 75.320%, respectively.As a result of this study, soybean variety can be successfully used for ruminant feeds. There are considerable differences in the CP, NDF and ADF between different soybean varieties.Turksoy and Nazlican varieties are recommended for use in ration because of higher protein and digestibility.


According to the characteristics of Ethernet digital output of electronic instrument transformer,the electronic instrument transformer calibrator based on Ethernet was developed.The acquisition,memory,reorganization,combination and error calculation of data were introduced in detail.And,through testing,the calibration method feasibility was verified.This calibrator is provided with high processing speed,small volume,portable convenience and suitable for the site calibration of electronic instrument transformer.


In this paper, we present a novel framework for combining independent on-line trackers using visual scene context. The aim of our method is to decide automatically at each point in time which specific tracking algorithm works best under the given scene or acquisition conditions. In the literature, many ways of combining, fusing or selecting visual features have been presented. For example, low-level fusion of features (like motion or shape) is applied to improve the foreground-background discrimination (e.g. [2, 8]). Fusion is also possible at a higher level, where several trackers are run in parallel in order to select or combine their respective results (e.g. [1, 5]). In terms of model or feature fusion, our previous work Moujtahid et al. [6] concentrated on using confidence values of several individual trackers with different visual features coupled with a spatial-temporal coherence criteria to select the most suitable tracker at a given instant and enforce the continuity of tracking. The main idea behind our framework is to use the strengths of different tracking algorithms as well as scene context information in order to improve the tracking performance. To this end, we introduce a framework that combines several independent and complementary trackers, each specialised on different scene conditions. The decision on which tracker to select is proposed by an off-line trained classifier which, in turn, is based on general scene context features that are independent from the trackers. The general procedure of the proposed tracking framework is illustrated in Fig. 1. On a given video, N independent trackers Tn,(n ∈ 1..N) run in parallel and, at every frame t, produce each an estimate of the object's state. This is usually a bounding box Bn t with an associated confidence value ct,n. The objective is to select at each frame the best tracker, i.e. the one that outputs the bounding box that fits best the object to track. At the same time, the scene context features ft are extracted. These features correspond to first and second order statistics of a given imagerelated variable such as intensity, colour and motion. They are computed on different image regions giving local, global and differential values. The scene features ft are concatenated with additional measures like the trackers confidences values ct and the identifier of the last selected tracker st−1 to form a large feature vector it . An N-class classifier, that has been trained off-line on annotated data, is then applied on these features to estimate the best tracker for the given scene context. The classifier responds with yt , a probability for each class which is subsequently filtered by a Hidden Markov Model to ensure the temporal continuity of the tracker selection and reject outliers. The HMM estimates the posterior probability distribution xt , which is used to select the best tracker. Finally, a Kalman Filter is applied as a post-processing step to temporally smooth the resulting object bounding box Bs t from the selected trackers Ts. The result of the Kalman filter represents the final output of our tracking algorithm, and is further used to update the models of the individual trackers Tn. Apart from this last update step, all the trackers are completely independent and do not cooperate or interact with each other. It is also important to mention that this approach is very generic, and in theory any on-line tracking algorithm can be integrated in this framework. For our experiments, we used 3 on-line AdaBoost trackers [3] with different visual cues : Haar like features (HAAR), Histograms of Oriented Gradients (HOG) and Histograms of Colour (HOC). We also chose a fully connected Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) as scene context classifier. We evaluated the performance of our framework on the Visual Object Tracking (VOT2013) benchmark [4]. First, we measured the classification rate of the proposed scene context classifier trained on the Princeton Dataset [7] and achieved a 81.80% rate of prediction. Secondly, we evaluated the overall tracking algorithm on the Visual Object Tracking (VOT2013) analysing the contribution of the different components, i.e. scene context classifier, HMM, and Kalman filter and comparing the proVideo


This special issue of the Australian Journal of Asian Law comprises papers presented at the workshop, 'The Constitutional Court and Democracy in Indonesia: Judging the First Decade', which was hosted by the University of New South Wales Faculty of Law and the University of Sydney Faculty of Law on 11-12 December 2014.That workshop and this subsequent special journal issue seek to locate Indonesia within the broader comparative constitutional law literature.


Flow-induced vibration (FIV) is an important topic in nuclear engineering due to the failure of tubes in heat exchanger or steam generator. Various simulation methods have been proposed to predict the vibration characteristics in the mechanical components, however, the computational methods are limited to single cylinder vibration in fluid flow with several fixed cylinders. In this talk, the immersed finite element method (IFEM) [1,2] for fluid-structure interaction is utilized to examine the vibrations of several cylinders in fluid. A mass-spring-damper model of cylinder, called elastically mounted cylinder, is coupled with IFEM simulation. For connecting the elastically mounted cylinders with IFEM, an extra force term is incorporated in IFEM. The suggested method is compared with previous experimental/simulation data of single cylinder in fluid flow. Then, various arrays of cylinders in confined area are simulated to quantify the vibration modes along with the positions of cylinders. Finally, the vibration characteristics of multiple-cylinders are fully discussed for expansion of IFEM.


The invention provides a sausage casing hair removing machine which is characterized in comprising a housing. A handle is arranged on the housing. A mesh cover is arranged on the bottom of the housing. A power device is positioned in the housing. The power device drives a cutter body in the housing to rotate. When the cutter body rotates, blades on the cutter body abrade the mesh cover, such that cutter edges are formed. The power device is connected to a power device driving circuit. Connection and disconnection of the power device driving circuit are controlled by a switch. The power device driving circuit is connected to a power source. The invention is advantaged in providing the device used for removing hairs on the surface of a natural sausage casing. With the machine, production capacity is improved, working intensity is reduced, hair residual amount is low, and hair removing strategy can be rapidly mastered by workers.


Pigeon pea is an important pulse crop in India, accounting for almost 90 percent of world's area and production, affected by the several pathogens. Wilt caused by Fusarium udum is a most important disease of Pigeon pea. The fungus is soil born in nature and causes up to 100 percent yield loss in the susceptible cultivars. For manage this disease chemical based fungicides were adopted by farmers most widely, however there are many drawbacks of chemical fungicides. Pollution to soil, water, air and harmful for human beings, birds, beneficial organisms and their commodities by the accumulation of obnoxious chemical residues due to continues use of fungicides and development of resistance races to these chemicals. Therefore the scientific communities are to look for methods which are ecological friendly, safe and specific for pathogens. Biological approaches are best alternative to chemicals fungicide. As the agriculture, shift towards the organic farming so the biological controls have much better scope in the pest management practices. Keeping this in view, we have tried to put information in this book about biological approach against wilt disease of pigeon pea.


Here we report the activatable photosensitizer BromoAcroB , a brominated BODIPY dye incorporating a reactive acrolein warhead. The acrolein moiety serves as an intramolecular switch, deactivating the BODIPY dye in its singlet and triplet excited states via internal conversion. Thiolate addition to this moiety disables the intramolecular quenching mechanism restoring the photosensitizing properties of the parent dye, characterized by a quantum yield of singlet oxygen photosensitization of 0.69 ± 0.02. In cell cultures, and upon thiol adduct formation, BromoAcroB induced light-dependent cell death in MRC-5 and HeLa cell lines. Using fluorescence microscopy and upon measuring the low yet non-negligible emission of the activated compound, we show that the phototoxicity of the dormant photosensitizer correlated with the quantity of BromoAcroB adducts generated. BromoAcroB thus serves as a dormant photosensitizer sensitive to intracellular electrophile response. Our results highlight the effective control of a triplet state process by modulation of an unsaturated moiety on the BODIPY scaffold and underscore the mechanistic opportunities arising for controlled singlet oxygen production in cells specifically sensitive to electrophile stress.


NICS(1) calculations have been performed on the 8π and 10π singlet states and the 9π triplet state of (CO)4, (CS)4, and (CSe)4. The results show that transfer of electrons from the b2g σ MO into the a2u π MO decreases the NICS(1) value, indicating an increase in the diamagnetic ring current. The decreases in the calculated NICS(1) values are substantially larger in (CO)4 than in (CS)4 or (CSe)4. This finding is rationalized by the larger coefficients on the carbons in the a2u MO of (CO)4 than in the a2u MOs of (CS)4 and (CSe)4. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


PURPOSE: To identify leukocyte from red cell and platelet by diluting one portion of a sample from blood with an isotensoid solution containing a fluorescent dye for absorbing red light, dying a blood cell so that it can be identified, and detecting the front angle light scattering, right-angle light scattering, and red fluorescence from the cell. CONSTITUTION: One portion of a sample is sampled from blood, the sample is diluted by a table salt water solution containing the fluorescent dye of oxazine species, and a blood cell brought into contact with the fluorescent dye, thus dyeing the cell so that it can be identified. Then, helium-neon laser etc., are used as an excitation source and the front angle light scattering, right- angle light scattering, and red fluorescent are detected from the cell. At this time, since leukocyte develops an essentially larger fluorescence than red cell or platelet, leukocyte can be identified from blood cell and platelet in undissolved total blood by using a proper fluorescent excitation and detection system. Also, the fluorescent phenomenon enables, for example, lymphocyte, monocyte neutrophil, and eosionphil to be counted. COPYRIGHT: (C)1989,JPO


Thermochemical conversion of biomass produces solid charcoal, gaseous fuels, and condensable oils. Because these oils vary widely in composition depending on the cellulosic feedstock and the operating conditions used, analysis of the oils is necessary in order to determine the best ways of utilizing or disposing of them. The major components of the organic oil from pyrolysis of gorse have been characterized by capillary gas chromatography – mass spectrometry. A qualitative study of the aqueous oil from the same source has also been attempted.


Objectives Treatments for prostate cancer such as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), surgery and radiation therapy can adversely affect sexual, urinary and bowel function. Preliminary research has demonstrated the efficacy of exercise to preserve sexual function in men with localised prostate cancer receiving ADT, though this has yet to be investigated in a metastatic setting. We examined the effects of a 12-week exercise programme comprising resistance, aerobic and flexibility training on sexual health and function in men with advanced prostate cancer. Methods Patients with prostate cancer (70.0±8.4 year; body mass index 28.7±4.0 kg/m2) with bone metastases (rib/thoracic spine, 66.7%; lumbar spine, 43.9%; pelvis, 75.4%; femur, 40.4%; humerus, 24.6%; other sites, 70.2%) were randomly assigned to supervised exercise 3 days/week (n=28) or usual care (n=29). Sexual health and function were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function, the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index Composite and the EORTC-PR25 at baseline and 12 weeks. Results Patients attended 89% of planned sessions and there were no adverse events. After adjusting for baseline values, there was no significant difference between groups for any measure of sexual function and activity (p>0.05). Additionally, there was no significant difference between groups for urinary and bowel function assessed by the EORTC-PR25 (p>0.05). Conclusions A short-term programme of supervised exercise does not appear to enhance indices of sexual health and function in men with advanced prostate cancer. Limitations of the intervention included the conservative modular exercise programme, which deliberately avoided loading bone metastatic sites. Trial registration number ACTRN12611001158954.


The article examines current aspects of taxation of transactions on the use of intellectual property rights, in particular royalties. It is determined that this issue becomes relevant in connection with the spread of the use of intellectual property rights for business activities. The main schemes of tax evasion are revealed. The main problems related to the taxation of intangible assets of the enterprise and the importance of implementing changes in the domestic legislative and tax systems are outlined. The problematic aspects and priorities of royalty taxation as rewards for the use of intellectual property rights in Ukraine are considered and analyzed. Based on the current legislation of Ukraine and the views of scientists, the concept of «royalties» is defined as payments for the use or granting the right to use intellectual property. The foreign experience of the countries on the issue of royalty taxation and corresponding rates is considered. Practical cases of royalty tax evasion and liability are given. The authors have developed recommendations for taxpayers when making payments in the form of royalties. It is noted that in Ukraine the tax burden is becoming more acute and threatens to stop the development of innovative activities of enterprises and the introduction of investment programs. The opinion that the interest rate of royalty in Ukraine for residents is overstated compared to the rate for non-residents is substantiated. It is the reduction of the royalty tax rate for residents, or, conversely, its increase for non-residents, that may give a new wave to the development of the use of royalties in Ukraine. Differentiation of the royalty rate for residents and non-residents, in the end, will lead to the fact that our country will have a positive impact on both the budget of Ukraine and the development of copyright. Reducing the size of the royalty income tax for residents will promote the development of art, innovation in technology, which will further increase the economic development of Ukraine.


The reproducible switching and memory effect in thin film colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) materials has been further studied. A resistive memory device was made in a sandwich structure comprised of Au or Pt top electrode on Pr/sub 0.17/Ca/sub 0.3/MnO/sub 3/ (PCMO) on Pt/LaAIO/sub 3/(100) (LAO), on Pt/TiN/SiO/sub 2//Si, and on YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) on LaAIO3 (100) substrates. In these samples, polycrystalline PCMO films were deposited on polycrystalline Pt films, and (101) ordered PCMO films were epitaxially grown on c-oriented YBCO crystalline films. Both PCMO and YBCO films were deposited by pulse laser deposition (PLD). The top Au electrode was made by dc-sputtering, and in the case of Pt top and bottom electrodes they were deposited by e-beam evaporation. We have characterized the temperature dependence of the device resistance change R(T) upon electric pulse switching. We have also measured the impedance spectroscopy Z(T,/spl Omega/) of the device in the temperature range of 77K to 300K and the frequency range from 10 to I06 Hz for both the low- resistance and high-resistance states of the resistive memory device. The influence of intrinsic film defects on switching and fatigue properties of the non-volatile resistive memory device, and the switching mechanism itself are discussed.


It has been demonstrated in numerous papers [1-3] t hat the interaction of short-wavelength radiation with a solid material in vacuum induces t he transfer of macroscopic amounts of the material into the vacuum. Synchrotron radiation and radiation emitted from hot dense plasmas have been used in these experiments as x-ra y sources. XUV-radiation-induced removal of solids has been studied for use in micro machining, of microelectronic and micromechanical elements and devices, and for makin g durability assessments, of potential ICF reactor first wall materials and of optical ele ments, which are exposed to intense shortwavelength radiation in a laser-plasma interaction chamber or during SASE-FEL radiation focusing. X-ray ablation of metals has also been us ed for determination of the energy content of intense radiation pulses emitted from hot dense plasma. Ejected material can be collected on a chosen substrate so that high-quality thin fil ms are produced.


Greenways are a measure of environmental remediation within a broad framework aimed at promoting urban greening and adaptation to climate change. The typical characteristics of large urban agglomerations, including land use (such as commercial, industrial, and residential areas) with few public spaces and fragmented landscapes, make it difficult to apply these solutions to the urban fabric, forcing decision-makers and planners to act in informal settlements, highways, and industrial parks. One proposed area is an enclave with unused or underutilized lots, where fragments of the Atlantic Forest, parks, landfills, and rapidly expanding informal settlements can be found. This manuscript examines the socioeconomic and environmental processes that shaped this potential urban greenway between Santo André, Mauá, and Ribeirão Pires, which are part of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPRM), the largest in South America. A survey was conducted based on municipal and regional plans, the environmental and urban laws of Brazil, and the socioeconomic history of this part of the SPRM. In addition, satellite images were used to analyze land use evolution through geotechnologies. Finally, we prepared land use recommendations, considering opportunities and threats, highlighting the possibilities of protection and expansion of the Atlantic Forest. To this end, we examined the literature on environmental urban planning and design, green infrastructure, and other concepts. This study intends to stimulate researchers, planners, and decision-makers regarding the urban greening process in the Global South. According to the recommendations, this stimulus would develop these concepts according to the real situation of the region, which would combine the protection of wild habitats and urban environmental amenities. However, this effort makes no sense if one of the defining Global South characteristics not addressed is social inequality. Therefore, we recommend that an effort be made to develop and incorporate processes from urban greening in slum upgrading.


Abstract Citizenship education is considered a primary purpose for social studies education. However, in elementary classrooms, it is often limited to the memorization of mainstream civic knowledge and learning about a handful of American heroes. This qualitative study of three Asian American educators uses Asian Critical Race Theory to explore how the teachers drew from their own cultural and linguistic experiences to inform pedagogies of cultural citizenship education that interrogated what it means to be a citizen. By (re)defining the terms Asian American and American (citizen), the teachers enacted cultural citizenship education through the use of counternarratives and children's literature that disrupted normative conceptualizations of citizen. Their work demonstrates how educators can present more inclusive depictions of civic identity, membership, and agency to young learners.


This research aimed to evaluate the effect of planting density and complementary irrigation on the morpho-phenology, yield, profitability, and efficiency of banana fertilization in the Carrizal River Valley, Ecuador. The treatments consisted of two production systems (irrigation and rainfed) and four planting densities (1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000 plants ha). The variables recorded were bunch weight (kg), fruit yield (boxes ha), net economic benefit (USD ha) and NPK agronomic efficiency. Supplementary irrigation increased production by 30%, compared to the rainfed system. The bunch weight was inversely proportional to the crop densities, while the fruit yield was proportional to the densities. The linear regression model showed an increase of 6.50 kg of fruit plant with supplementary irrigation, while in rainfed the production was 4.99 kg of fruit plant, signaling a loss of 1.51 kg of fruit plant due to lack of supplementary irrigation. The highest commercial yield and net economic benefit was 1398 boxes of fruit and 3665 USD ha, respectively, with 3000 plants ha under supplementary irrigation.


Development cooperation as we know it emerged over five decades ago against the backdrop of the Marshall Plan's success in re-building post-war Europe [1] The prevailing view at the time was simple and optimistic: development would come quickly to the poorer areas of the world through the provision by a few countries of capital, supplemented by the judicious provision of technical know-how.[2] During this time, the cold war rivalries often used to support their client states in the developing world. This means that the disbursement priorities of foreign assistance were not beyond the strategic influences of bipolar world. In 1961, the 'Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation'OECD's 'Development Assistance Committee (DAC) measured resources flows to developing countries by paying special attention to the official and concessional part of this flow defined as "Official Development Assistance (ODA). DAC includes 24 member states. They are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, European Union, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Japan, Italy, Luxemburg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, United Kingdom, and United States. The European Union acts as a full member of the committee. The World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and United Nations Development Program (UNDP) also participate as observers.


For the location problem of curved surfaced parts in machining,CNC machine tool is used to measure the work-blank,and then the measurement data are matched with CAD model's theoretical data.As a result,the theoretical part is imbedded into the work-blank and the work-blank location is acquired.For the transform matrix solution,a chaos genetic hybrid algorithm is designed which can reduce the premasture probability of genetic algorithm and obtain global optimal solution.The experiments results indicate that the hybrid algorithm is effective in the solving transform matrix and the machining allowance is optimized through imbed the thesry model into the work blank.


Within the Swedish Defence Research Agency and the Swedish Armed Forces there is a need to easier and more efficiently (in terms of cost and time) create better, more realistic and objective behaviour for the synthetic actors involved in the Armed Forces' simulation-based decision support, and training applications.The traditional method for the acquisition of knowledge about a behaviour, in the development of behavioural models, is working with experts on the subject. This process is often time consuming and expensive. Another problem is that the complexity is limited by the expert knowledge and his cognitive abilities. To address the problems this study investigates an alternative approach to the development of behavioural models. The new method develops behavioural models of machine learning algorithms instead of manually creating models. This approach is called data-driven behaviour modelling.Data-driven behaviour modelling differs significantly from the traditional subject-matter expert method. The data-driven computer program creates autonomous behaviour models based on data and observations without human influence, while the subject-matter expert method is developed manually by humans. In this study data-driven behaviour modelling with genetic programming is developed, a machine learning technique inspired by the biological evolution. The technique let's the computer trying to find the best possible programs in order to solve a user defined task with help of, for instance, a fitness function that rates the programs.This thesis presents a system that performs data-driven behaviour modelling with genetic programming to develop a software agent's behaviour in a simulator. The study used a wolf simulator to try to teach a wolf to hunt and devour fleeing sheep. Simulator-generated data is used by the agent to learn behaviours through exploration (trial-and-error). The system is generally applicable by its ability to be adapted to other simulations with simple adjustments in a configuration file. The system is also adaptable to many different behaviour models by its basic execution structure.The results of the experiments performed with the system show that a trained wolf succeeded to develop a clever data-driven behaviour where it hunted and devoured all of the 46 sheeps in less than ten minutes. In comparison a predefined centroid algorithm managed to eat the sheep in about eight minutes. The conclusion is that successful and efficient data-driven behaviours can be developed, at least regarding this problem, if allowed a sufficiently long simulation time, good configuration and a favourable and equitable fitness function.


....................................................................................................................................................... vi Chapter One: Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Thermoelectric Phenomena ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Thermoelectric Modules ............................................................................................................ 4 1.3 Applications ............................................................................................................................... 5 1.4 Figure of Merit ZT ................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Enhancement of ZT ................................................................................................................... 8 Chapter Two: Synthesis, Characterization and Measurement of Physical Properties ................................ 11 2.1 Solid State Synthesis Method .................................................................................................. 11 2.1.1 Direct Reaction ........................................................................................................ 11 2.1.2 Mechanical Alloying ............................................................................................... 12 2.2 Densification ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.2.1 Hot Pressing ............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 Spark Plasma Sintering ............................................................................................ 14 2.3 Structural and Compositional Techniques ............................................................................... 14 2.3.1 X-ray Diffraction ..................................................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy ............................................................................. 15 2.4 Physical Properties Measurement ............................................................................................ 16 2.4.1 Thermal Measurements ............................................................................................ 17 188.8.131.52 Heat Capacity ........................................................................................... 17 188.8.131.52 Thermal Diffusivity ................................................................................. 17 2.4.2 Electrical Measurements .......................................................................................... 19 220.127.116.11 Resistivity ................................................................................................ 19 184.108.40.206 Seebeck Coefficient ................................................................................. 19 220.127.116.11 Hall Coefficient ........................................................................................ 21 2.4.3 Optical Measurements ............................................................................................. 23 188.8.131.52 UV-vis Spectroscopy ............................................................................... 23 Chapter Three: Quaternary and Ternary Chalcogenides ............................................................................. 24 3.1 CuM2InTe4 (M = Zn, Cd) ......................................................................................................... 24 3.1.1 Crystal Structure ...................................................................................................... 25 126.96.36.199 Cu Excessing............................................................................................ 26 3.1.2 Data Analyses and Discussion ................................................................................. 26 ii 3.2 CuSbS2 ..................................................................................................................................... 31 3.2.1 Crystal Structure ...................................................................................................... 32 126.96.36.199 Lone-Pair Electron Formation ................................................................. 32 3.2.2 Data Analyses and Discussion ................................................................................. 33 Chapter Four: Filled Skutterudites .............................................................................................................. 41 4.1 Yb0.4In0.02Co3FeSb12 and Yb0.8In0.02Co2.5Fe1.5Sb12 .................................................................... 41 4.1.1 Crystal Structure ...................................................................................................... 41 18.104.22.168 N-type vs P-type ...................................................................................... 42 188.8.131.52 Effect of Filling on Thermal Conductivity .............................................. 43 4.1.2 Data Analyses and Discussion ................................................................................. 45 Chapter Five: Conclusion and Future Work ............................................................................................... 53 References ................................................................................................................................................... 55 Appendices ................................................................................................................................................. 59 Appendix A: Journal of Alloys and Compounds Permission ........................................................ 60 Appendix B: Inorganic Chemistry Permission ............................................................................. 61 Appendix C: Journal of Applied Physics Permission ................................................................... 62


The present invention relates to a novel DNA sequence, which encodes a previously unidentified lignin biosynthetic pathway enzyme, sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD) that regulates the biosynthesis of syringyl lignin in plants. Also provided are methods for incorporating this novel SAD gene sequence or substantially similar sequences into a plant genome for genetic engineering of syringyl-enriched lignin in plants. Analysis, Immunolocalizatlon,


The present invention relates to the use of compounds of formula I, given in the specification, or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof for preparing a medicament for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorders.


In this work the importance of limits in the child upbringing is analyzed, particularly its key function in the achievement of impulse control, understood as the ability for modulating the impulsive answer.
Although the achievement of this ability may imply a genetic disposition, its epigenetic expression is modulated by the bond with those who perform the maternal and paternal functions. These functions are at stake in the upbringing, in which the ability of adults to keep their authority is also deeply involved. Both in relationship to the limits and its other side: the responsibility for education, caretaking and protection of children.
We will approach this problem from a PINE perspective (Psycho-immuneneuroendocrinology), by also taking contributions from Psychoanalysis, neuroscience and epigenetics.


While approaching the question from different perspectives, both the papers of Maura Marchegiani and Luigi Palombella converge in praising the judgment rendered by the second section of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in the Al-Dulimi case. Their assessment is of course justified, if not only for the basic fact that the ECtHR for the first time explicitly submitted the United Nations to the test of equivalent protection, and eventually found that the Security Council (SC) system of targeted sanctions fails to meet the minimum standards of fair trial enshrined in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Considering that this outcome was in some respect anticipated by other courts (i.e., in the context of the European Union), one can-


Dark incubation (24–96 h) of wheat primary leaves of 8 days old plants induced several alterations in photosynthetic properties. Loss of chlorophyll, protein and carotenoid depending on the extent of incubation has been reported. Between two photosystems, photosystem II is main target for dark incubation induced aging. Thus the alterations of pigments and protein is responsible for alterations of electron transport in detached wheat primary leaves.


The physiological action of extracellular ATP and other nucleotides in the nervous system is controlled by surface‐located enzymes (ecto‐nucleotidases) of which several families with partially overlapping substrate specificities exist. In order to identify ecto‐nucleotidases potentially associated with neural cells, we chose PC12 cells for analysis. PC12 cells revealed surface‐located ATPase and ADPase activity with apparent Km‐values of 283 µm and 243 µm, respectively. Using PCR we identified the mRNA of all members of the ecto‐nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase family investigated (NTPDase1 to NTPDase3, NTPDase5/6), of ecto‐nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase3 (NPP3), tissue‐non‐specific alkaline phosphatase and ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase. The surface‐located catalytic activity differed greatly between the various enzyme species. Our data suggest that hydrolysis of ATP and ADP is mainly due to members of the ecto‐nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase family. Activity of ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase and alkaline phosphatase was very low and activity of NPP3 was absent. For a detailed analysis of the cellular distribution of ecto‐nucleotidases single and double transfections of PC12 cells were performed, followed by fluorescence analysis. Ecto‐nucleotidases were distributed over the entire cell surface and accumulated intracellularly in varicosities and neurite tips. PC12 cell ecto‐nucleotidases are likely to play an important role in terminating autocrine functions of released nucleotides and in producing extracellular nucleosides supporting the survival and neuritic differentiation of PC12 cells.


Straylight Measurement, Interferometric Measurement, Schlieren Microscopy, Optical Distance Sensing and Capacitive Distance Measurement are reviewed in their potential for in-process metrology. Today existing restraints are outlined and development necessities discussed.


Climate change and sea level rise scenarios for Vietnam was published by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment in 2012. According to the scenarios, when sea level rise by 1m, over 20% of Ho Chi Minh City will become flood risk area affecting more than half million people (7% of the city's population). This urgent problem affecting so many people like that but accessing to this information of the inhabitants is very limited. Therefore, the research Using the 3D technology to build flood model on WebGIS helps to show visually water level, flood position and the risk area affected in different water level. The research did not analyze the aspects of climate change, just used the results of the scenarios combining with 3D model technology on WebGIS to build an application. The result is not only the tool to help local people to access easily with the visual information about water level but also the reference for relating research and applications.


Background and Aim: Citrulline Malate (CM) has proposed as a supplement which improves anaerobic performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the short-term effect of CM on LDH and Lactate levels and resistance exercise performance. Method: In a crossover study, 16 males (mean Age: 26.4±4.7 years, BFP: 15.4±6.7 %, and BMI: 23.7±2.8 kg.m) selected as subjects. The subjects were attended 3 resistance exercise sessions in a full body protocol consisting of Hack Squat, Leg Extension, Barbell press and Lat Pull down respectively. An hour Before the beginning of exercise, the subjects consumed 6g CM+250ml water in the first week, placebo consisting of 5g Dextrose+250ml water in the second week, and 8g CM+250 ml water in the last week. Blood Samples were taken from each subject 1 hour before, immediately, and 30min after exercise to measure LDH and Lactate levels. Immediately after each set, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) for all exercises were recorded. Results: There are no significant changes in Lactate levels between resistance exercise sessions (P>0.05), but there is significant difference in LDH levels (P<0.05). Moreover, no significant change seen in RPE between


This thesis called "BUSINESS PLAN FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND MARKETING OF WINE BASED ON TRADITIONAL FRUIT (MORA, bananas, quince, cocoa and NARANJILLA); IN CHINCHIPE canton in the province of Zamora Chinchipe, "it was made in order to take advantage of the benefits and fruits of this land of eastern Ecuador through the proposed construction of a factory of wines based on traditional fruits in the canton Chinchipe, and thereby contribute to the economic development of this population, for the realization of this business plan to determine specific goals to achieve that goal is to be achieved was raised.
The first objective is based on a study of market sectors Chinchipe Canton, for which the population survey was conducted of that canton with specific questions which allowed setting features to meet the needs of the town, also were interviewed local shops, liquor stores, supermarkets, etc., where wine and spirits are sold to meet competition in the market.
The second objective aims to determine the appropriate technical requirements, which include all referring to the location of the production plant, your macro and micro location, operating manual processes with their respective flowchart, staff requirement for the plant, the investment required the technical and operational budget.
The third target was based on the legal and organizational study, which are taken into account for the implementation of a project related to the
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employment and corporate law, tax code, and company law, for which advice was sought from various sources.
The fourth objective is focused on the financial study where the total investment required to implement this business was calculated, depreciation, cash flow, and relevant indicators stressing that an acceptable net present value USD 283,963.22 was obtained; an Internal Rate of Return of 41% which is higher than the rate of opportunity; in the period payback we can see that the will recover in 2 years, 3 months and 29 days, and a benefit cost of 0.42 cents for every dollar invested and finally the coefficient of sensitivity analysis which were positive; showing us that the "Business Plan wine based on traditional fruits" from financially viable in the Canton Chinchipe.


The effects of magnetic shear on the damping and growth rates of collisionless drift waves are observed in a linear stellarator with l = 3 helical windings. Increasing the magnetic shear reduces the temporal growth rate and increases the damping rate of drift waves.


In recent years, biometric systems for identification purposes have been developed for different traditional methods like fingerprint, face, iris, retina, voice, signature, hand geometry. But each method has some limitation. Fingerprint system has little security issue as, impressions can be left behind which can be cloned. Similarly, voice and face patterns can also be cloned. Comparing with other biometric systems, vein patterns are more secure and resistant to forgery. In this paper, we have projected a process for devious extreme warps in cross sectional profiles of veins.


11 1 Overbidding in standard economic theory 16 2 Arguments for overbidding 21 3 The impact of past-profit or overbidding 33 4 Other arguments for and against auctions 40 5 Conclusions 42 References 45 Abstract 47 4 5 Preface How to allocate frequencies for the third generation mobile telephony? The Dutch government, like several other governments, has opted to auction the frequencies. Telecom operators oppose the idea of auctions, claiming that auctions lead to higher prices for consumers and less investment. The Dutch Ministry of Finance asked CPB to look at the pros and cons of auctions. More specifically, the study analyzes whether auctions lead to overbidding and if they do, what the consequences of overbidding may be. Summary Auctions are unlikely to lead to substantially higher consumer prices or lower investment levels relative to a free license or beauty contest unless firms are able to collude. If the firms bid anything up to the 'efficient' level equal to oligopolistic post auction profits, output and price is independent of the level of the license bid price. With the possible exception of the cost of capital, it is therefore not the auction that generates inefficient increases in price, but firms bidding at a level higher than expected profits or valuations via an increased incentive to collude in the post-auction market. Bidding past the post auction oligopoly profits may occur due to a number of reasons. • Firstly, managerial incentives may favor a successful acquisition of a license at a cost out of line with expectations of subsequent profits due to managerial preferences for firm size or scope of control rather than shareholder returns. • Secondly, expectations of collusive profits will drive higher levels of profits and hence bidding past the non-collusive valuation of profits. • Thirdly, the incumbent's loss of return on previous reputation investment through not receiving a license, may create significant incentives to bid above the profitable level for the license to take account of this opportunity cost. • Lastly, because of the relationship between reptuation effects, incumbents, entrants and licenses, a mismatch between the number of licenses and incumbents will increase the probability of bidding above the level of expected profits ('past-profit' bidding). Assuming that bidding past expected profits takes place, what will be the impact on post-auction prices? The sole means to regain profit losses derived from past-profit license bidding is through (tacit) collusion in the post …


Written by Catherine M. Corrigan Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History Carbonate-rich regions in ALH 84001 are complicated. There are familiar forms of carbonate as well as fascinating textural forms previously unreported including carbonate rosettes, planiform "slab" carbonates, distinct "post-slab" magnesium carbonates (magnesite), and carbonates interstitial to feldspathic glass and orthopyroxene. Slab carbonates reveal portions of the carbonate growth sequence not seen in the rosettes and suggest that initial nucleating compositions were rich in calcium. They formed in two major stages. The first stage involved growth of the rosettes and slab carbonates. This step was controlled by the rate of crystal nucleation, how fast the ingredients were delivered to the growing crystals, and how much fluid was available. Cosmochemists call this type of growth "kinetically controlled." Next, an alteration event formed the magnesite-siderite (iron carbonate) layers on the exterior surfaces of the carbonate. Post-slab magnesite, intimately associated with silica glass, is compositionally similar to the magnesite in these secondary exterior layers, but represents a later generation of carbonate growth. Formation of feldspathic glasses had little or no thermal effect on carbonates, as indicated by the lack of thermal decomposition or any compositional changes associated with glass/carbonate contacts.


Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and carrier concentration measurements are used to characterize Si diffusion into GaAs wafers containing two fundamentally different forms of donors, the column IV donors Si or Sn and the column VI donors Se or Te. A decrease in the Si diffusion rate is found in GaAs containing the column VI donors compared to the column IV donors. This trend is consistent with the model in which the Si diffuses as donor‐gallium‐vacancy complexes. The decrease in the Si diffusion coefficient is attributed to the greater binding energy of column VI donor‐gallium‐vacancy nearest‐neighbor complexes, thus reducing the concentration of free‐gallium vacancies available to complex with the Si.


Background: Targeting disruption of STAT3 results in inhibition of tumor growth and survival in malignant glioma. Results: Cucurbitacin I triggers protective autophagy through the AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K pathway and down-regulates HIF-1α. Conclusion: Autophagy blockade sensitizes glioblastoma to cucurbitacin I treatment. Significance: This study provides new insights into the biological and antiproliferative activities of cucurbitacin I against glioblastoma. There is an urgent need for new therapeutic avenues to improve the outcome of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Current studies have suggested that cucurbitacin I, a natural selective inhibitor of JAK2/STAT3, has a potent anticancer effect on a variety of cancer cell types. This study showed that autophagy and apoptosis were induced by cucurbitacin I. Exposure of GBM cells to cucurbitacin I resulted in pronounced apoptotic cell death through activating bcl-2 family proteins. Cells treatment with cucurbitacin I up-regulated Beclin 1 and triggered autophagosome formation and accumulation as well as conversion of LC3I to LC3II. Activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6K pathway, but not the PI3K/AKT pathway, occurred in autophagy induced by cucurbitacin I, which was accompanied by decreased hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Stable overexpression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α induced by FG-4497 prevented cucurbitacin I-induced autophagy and down-regulation of bcl-2. Knockdown of beclin 1 or treatment with the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine also inhibited autophagy induced by cucurbitacin I. A coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that the interaction of Bcl-2 and Beclin 1/hVps34 decreased markedly in cells treated with cucurbitacin I. Furthermore, knockdown of beclin 1 or treatment with the lysosome inhibitor chloroquine sensitized cancer cells to cucurbitacin I-induced apoptosis. Finally, a xenograft model provided additional evidence for the occurrence of cucurbitacin I-induced apoptosis and autophagy in vitro. Our findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cucurbitacin I-mediated GBM cell death and may provide an efficacious therapy for patients harboring GBM.


Studies have testified that immune system of the body was suppressed afer having surgical trauma,which can be shown by the excessive inflammatory reaction and the following cell immunosuppression during early period.Functional disorder of immune system after operation is the main cause of complications including postoperation infection,septicemia,multiple organ failure and so on.Clinical doctors can improve post trauma immunosuppression by immunoloregulation.This article reviews study progresses of mechanism of immunosupression induced by surgical trauma and its immunotherapy.


Death at an Early Age and the Urban Scene: The Case for Memorial Murals and Community Healing. By Melvin Delgado. (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2003. Pp. xiii + 186, acknowledgments, introduction, bibliography, indices. $72.95 cloth) Melvin Delgado, a professor of social work at Boston University, is a leading proponent for using community settings in social-work practice (1999, 2000). He writes about the sites for cultural and spiritual expression of Latino communities in urban American settings-curanderos, botanicas, and beauty parlors. In Death at an Early Age he concentrates on memorial walls-murals painted to commemorate the lives and mourn the loss of local individuals who have died before their time. To him murals reflect "on one of the major issues found in low-income, urban communities of color . . . , death at an early age resulting from violence, illness, or some other tragic event," and a community response that has been "either totally overlooked or misunderstood by society" (5). For folklorists, his treatment is significant not only because of the subject matter, which has been treated ethnographically elsewhere, but because his intention is to put the knowledge garnered about the mural tradition into social-work practice. Most encouraging is that Delgado has actually tracked down the ethnographic literature, including Martha Cooper and Joseph Sciorra's R.I.P.: New York Spraycan Memorials (1994), to which Delgado's "book seeks to be a complementary addition" (7). Delgado's work contains a plea for field research and sets out to provide a model for that method. "Acquiring the requisite knowledge of a community," he writes, "cannot be achieved from the confines of an office, or reading 'official' reports" (8). While this statement is second nature to folklorists, the mere fact that he includes it in such recent work indicates that the message still has not been heard in social-welfare agencies. Delgado is highly sympathetic to the work of mural artists and argues they "must not be relegated to insignificant roles by society; their talents and stories must be listened to carefully. The work they have done chronicling tragedies must not be buried and ignored by practitioners, stakeholders, and general citizens" (153). His subsequent observation that "[j]ust as important as the message that they give voice to is the talent mural artists possess-one that is symbolic of all the talent that currently exists in communities considered to be 'talentless' by the general society" (153) will find a sympathetic ear among folklorists. But it also speaks to the social reality that, beyond the bubble of some arts councils and forward-thinking private foundations, there is resistance on the part of political officials, law enforcement and others to supporting, cultivating, and nurturing creative thinking and social action in urban low-income areas. His "general citizens" are presumably middle- and upper-class taxpayers and suburbanites, unwilling to address the needs of our cities, yet who benefit from disparities in taxation and public funding, as demonstrated by, among others, Jonathan Kozol (curiously absent from Delgado's book, given that the title nods to Kozol's most famous work [1967]). …