According to the recent estimates from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), (Faul, Xu, Wald, & Coronado, 2010), 1.7 million people sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) annually in the United States, for which 1.4 million (80%) seek emergency care. Nationwide, brain injuries are responsible for 275,000 hospitalizations and 52,000 deaths annually (Centers for Disease Control, 2012; Faul, Xu, Wald, & Coronado, 2010). In the United States, falls account for the majority of TBIs and car accidents are the second leading cause of TBIs (CDC, 2012). TBI is defined as: "an alteration in brain function, or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force" [Brain Injury Association of America (BIAA), 2011]. Individuals with TBI experience a variety of complications, and many need rehabilitation services to gain and maintain employment (Abrams, Barker, Haffey, & Nelson, 1993). An identified gap in services exists in rural areas of the United States. There is little published research specifically related to unmet needs of rural residents with TBI (Johnstone, Price, Bounds, Schopp, Schootman, & Schumate, 2003). According to researchers, needs-assessments are needed to identify TBI-related barriers and unmet needs for services in rural communities (Johnstone, Nassaman, Schopp, Holmquist, & Rupright, 2002; Spearman, Stamm, & Tivis, 2007). The Center for Excellence in Disabilities (CED) at West Virginia University (WVU) provides services and supports for West Virginians of all ages with disabilities since 1978 and is the facilitator of statewide, interagency and cross-discipline planning and service for individuals with TBI. The CED strives for improved access to high quality, comprehensive health care, and community-based support services for people with disabilities, including providing and expanding available resources for individuals with TBI and their families. A coordinated, culturally competent, and person-centered approach is employed for assisting individuals with TBI to work toward overcoming existing barriers. Services include formal and informal supports by resource coordinators, healthcare navigators, case managers, mental health therapists, physicians, neuropsychologists, neurologists, nurses, physical and occupational therapists, speech therapists, job coaches, optometrists, support groups, cognitive retraining specialists, assistive technology specialists, educators, family members, and friends. This paper summarizes the survey results from consumers on the West Virginia State TBI Registry located at the CED. "Registries are designed to collect information on a specific topic and are usually limited in scope" (El-Allaki, Bigras-Poulin, Michell, & Ravel, 2012, p. 293). A registry is an organized system for the collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, and dissemination of information on individual persons who have a particular disease. Individuals on the TBI Registry list were contacted to complete a survey to determine which services "were obtained" and which services "were not obtained." Results were entered into an Access database and reports were generated to determine the most prevalent service needs. The data collected includes a) the source of injuries; b) types of services received for TBI; c) current status of receiving rehabilitation services; d) current status of receiving community-based services; e) choices of TBI services available; f) needs for a case manager or a services coordinator; g) unmet needs for services; and h) barriers to receiving needed services. Literature Review According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2010), rural areas contain 59.5 million people, or 19.3% of the population. The population of West Virginia (WV) is approximately 1.9 million people. West Virginia is a mainly rural state that is within the Appalachian region. Rural counties dominate WV with only 18 of 55 counties considered urban. …


With the increasingly tense global situation, international interests chains are more complicated. Energy is playing an important role. The scientific formulation and implementation of Energy strategy are not only benefit to a country's domestic development, but also greatly affect a country's international status in the world stage. Therefore the study of international energy strategy is necessary. This article first analyzes the current energy situation of China, then makes a comparison of different countries'energy security strategies, raises some useful recommendations to Chinese energy security strategy in the end.


Regiospecific synthesis of some new hexasubstituted 2H-thiopyrans was examined by reductive alkylation of pentaphenylthiopyrylium perchlorate and found to be in quantitative yields. Under our experimental conditions, the formation of unstable thiabenzene intermediates could be observed through detectable color changing during the addition of C-nucleophiles to thiopyrylium perchlorate. Moreover, the effect of phenyl groups on the 3,5-positions of thiopyrylium perchlorate on the regioselectivity were compared with other analogs having methyl groups on the same positions.


Pre-1988 strategies for termiticide treatment of soil to prevent subterranean termite infestation in residential structures included application of organochlorine insecticides beneath concrete slabs through drilled holes at more than 2-foot intervals along the interior of perimeter and dividing walls. Post-1988 soil termiticides included organophosphates and pyrethroids. These less forgiving insecticides forced the pest control industry to change their treatment methods because of numerous call-backs that required re-treatments. Drill hole spacing through concrete slabs decreased to 1-foot intervals and exterior perimeter treatments were added to the management regime. With the advent of new non-repellent soil treatment termiticides, chemical manufacturers of these insecticides have devised a less intrusive treatment protocol that includes the remedial treatment of all known live infestations within the structure and a perimeter-only treatment of soil. For post-on-pier construction the perimeter of all piers is included in the treatment strategy. Results of field trials with three non-repellent termiticides (Thiamethoxam, Termidor, and Premise) are described.


Agriculture, the principal source of livelihood in southern Iraq since Biblical times, does not at the present time provide either a satisfactory standard of living for the local cultivator or an adequate supply of grain to meet the needs of the country. As a result, oil revenues are spent to import cereals and, directly or indirectly, to pay the salaries of many thousands of farmers who continue to migrate to Baghdad and other cities in search of a better livelihood than that afforded in the countryside. Nothing is intrinsically surprising about this situation until we realize that it persists after a decade of agrarian reform, the lack of which, prior to the 1958 revolution, was widely considered to be the great obstacle to modern agricultural development in contemporary Mesopotamia. Why has agrarian reform failed to bring about a substantial improvement in the Southern Iraqi scene ? The purpose of this paper is to seek some answers to this question through an analysis of the ecology of cultivation in one region of Southern Iraq. We will begin by looking at the case for agrarian reform, attempting to determine some of the assumptions made by the more prominent advocates of this policy. The most forthright argument for agrarian reform in Iraq was made by British economist Doreen Warriner, only one year before the Iraqi regicide and the overthrow of the pro-Western Nuri Said government.' Her book, however, was preceded by two other very influential reports, both undertaken at the behest of the Iraqi government and both of which delicately (and, perhaps, realistically) avoided outright espousal of land reform in favor of programs whereby the landlord-influenced government could possibly keep everyone happy simultaneously. Lord Salter, writing in 1955, suggested improving the condition of the landless cultivator and raising agricultural production by developing government-owned Miri Sirf land into large-scale resettlement projects. If, he said, by adding irrigation and drainage facilities, this hitherto unproductive land could be distributed to landless farm families, "either as small owners or as tenants of the State, the existence of such opportunities


ABSTRACT The effect of UV light on growth, biomass, lipid accumulation and biodiesel properties of microalgae was studied. A Microalgae strain Chlorella sorokiniana UUIND6 was cultivated for 14 days as under LED light (Control) and microalgae were exposed to UV light (280–320 nm) in the middle of the photoperiod for 3 days. The growth rate of microalgae was analyzed by spectrophotometer and cell counting, while oil accumulation was analyzed by improved Nile red method. Results showed that microalgae under UV light treated algal cells showed less growth. FAMEs profile of UV treated algal cells mainly contains hexadecanoic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18) fatty acids. PUFA found in very less amount in UV treated cells as compared to control.


Background Omalizumab (Oma) is used in Europe for treatment of severe allergic asthma we describe the use of anti-IgE for severe nonallergic aspirin-induced asthma. Methods A non-smoking woman with negative family anamnesis, negative skin prick test (28 allergens), no specific IgE antibody and IgE of 107 kU/l developed a chronic rhinitis with anosmia, sinusitis and severe asthma at the age of 31 years. She suffers from nasal polyps (7 operations) and intolerance to aspirin and ibuprofen as well as alcohol; both leading to severe breathlessness. She was treated over years without success with oral steroids, ICS, LABA's and montelukast. The asthma was not under control and unstable. Therefore, we decided to try Oma as an additional medication. Since 25.08.2010 she is receiving 150 mg Oma/month without any change in other medication. After only 2 months she reported a remarkable reduction in their bronchial and nasal symptoms including improved smell and that she can drink small amounts of alcohol and also stands aspirin. We performed appropriate provocation tests to prove this observation. Results The FEV1 increased from 1.4 L on the 25.08.2010 to 2.4 L after only 2 months of treatment with Oma and was stable at this normal level for the next 12 months (till October 2011). The severity of symptoms (night and day) were dramatic reduced and the quality of life increased significantly (asthma-control-test normalized from 11 to 21 points). A double-blind placebo-controlled (DBPC) test with 125, 250, and 500 mg aspirin (cumulative dose 875 mg) was negative (all-day well-being, no changes in lung function). The DBPC-test with 3 doses of alcohol (sum of 10 g) was also negative. Conclusions A severe, difficult-to treat nonallergic asthma with nasal polyposis, ASS, and alcohol-intolerance (Samter's syndrom) was successfully treated with additionally given Oma. The injection of 150 mg Oma per month induced a clearly improved quality of life, "an asthma under control", improved the lung function with respect to FEV1 and leads to an unexpected tolerance against ASS and alcohol. To our knowledge this is the first reported observation on successful treatment of a Samter's syndrome using Oma.


by Brace Maggin Byron Miller's clutch followup shot in the closing seconds plus some real tenacious\defense in the second half sparked the Albany State basketball team to a narrow victory Tuesday night against .Utica College. The Danes really played two different games. The first half was one of total confusion on offense as the Danes shot|a poor 23% from the field. But in the second half, Reggie Smith and Byron Miller took charge and they gave the Danes two leaders to look for on the court. Once again Miller did not start as Coach Sauers went with the t h r e e " ' c s h e m n , Mike Suprunowicz, Ed Johnson and Gary Trevett, along with Smith and Harry Johnson. The Danes •quickly(fell behind and with only 4:44 gone in the game, Mr. Miller came in to play the rest of the ball game. The move didn't improve matters as the Danes offense lagged. They lacked that much needed quarterback on offense to control the team. There was really no one to look for on the court and nobody wanted to lake charge. The Danes had trouble rebounding and often battled one another under the boards. At half time Albany lound themselves down by eleven points.


The knowledge of iron oxidation state in silicate melts represents an important key for the comprehension of magmatic processes as well as for the understanding of the formation of iron-bearing glasses. In fact, iron is the most abundant element occurring in more than one oxidation state in natural silicate melts (mainly as Fe and Fe) and, depending on this, it can influence physical and chemical properties such as melt structure and viscosity (e.g. Liebske et al., 2003; Jayasuriya et al., 2004; Giordano et al., 2008). The goal of the present study is to investigate the iron speciation in glasses depending on the redox conditions, temperature and alkali ratio as well as to address the role of iron redox and alkali ratio on viscosity of pantelleritic glasses. These are analogues of natural pantelleritic composition of Kenya Rift Valley, corresponding to the Ebu-1 composition in Scaillet & MacDonald (2006), used for studying sulphur solubility in melts. Several sets of synthesis were performed on glasses with a nominal iron content of 5.2 wt.% and with distinctive [Na/(Na+K)] ratio (= 0, 0.69, and 1) in a gas mixing furnace at ambient pressure and three temperatures (1110, 1250, and 1400 °C). Different oxygen fugacities (from air to IW buffer) were imposed using simply gas (air, CO2, O2) or gas mixtures (93%Ar/7% H2, Ar/H2/H2O).


Herein we described the selective synthesis of both alkylated and alkenylated fluorenes using a single SNS ligand derived nickel complex. The protocol was employed for a wide range of substrates,...


'NK-199' sweet corn was planted in 4-row plots 50 ft in length on 1 Jun '90. On 4 Jun AAtrex (1.3 lb) + Lasso (1.35 qt) was applied Distance between rows was 3 ft. Distance between plants within the row was 8 inches. The center 2 rows of each plot were treated and the outer 2 rows were untreated guard rows. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with an International Harvester 770 Hi-Clear sprayer. The spray boom was adjusted to spray the silk area with each row being covered by 4 nozzles. This sprayer was equipped to treat 4 rows. All treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied at the rate of 25 gal/acre with 50 psi. Spray treatments were applied at late whorl-early tassel (26 Jul); 50% silk (30 Jul); 3 Aug and 9 Aug. At harvest (13 Aug), 50 ears from the center 2 rows of each plot were husked and evaluated for worm damage as fresh-market (clean ears, no damage evident), processing (evidence of tip feeding but less than 3.6 cm tip damage), and culls (tip damage beyond 3.6 cm to the side and/or bottom). All worms found within the husk or ear were identified. The soil type was a Galestown sandy loam.


Algal communities of the intertidal rocky shore environment of the Natal coast of South Africa are commonly exposed to high wave-energy activity, together with biotic pressure from grazers. One of the more common members of this environment belongs to the genus Sargassum (Phaeophycae, Fucales). Members of this genus from Natal possess a morphological form which is streamlined, yet maximizes photosynthetic capacity. Under conditions of extreme battering from waves, the form may be dwarfed. Sargassum possesses a haplobiontic, diploid type of life history; the dominant morph is the sporophyte and there is no alternation of generations. Meoitic gametogenesis results in oogamous union of gametes. These studies further outline the role of "incubation" (postfertilization retention) of the germinating zygote, on the receptacle surface. Germlings are only released from the parent at a stage when they possess sticky rhizoids for immediate attachment and a multicellular thallus which can grow rapidly, thereby increa...


Studies made with Jatropha curcas on seed priming with different growth regulators, temperatures and durations with the constant seed to solution ratio of 3:2 revealed that priming with IBA 200 ppm at ambient temperature for a duration of 12 to 24 h enhanced the quality characters of Jatropha seedling raised at nursery to evaluate its performance in production of quality seedlings.


A panel session on the role of modeling and analysis in semiconductor manufacturing in a shrinking world is presented. Therefore, two participants are from Asia, two from Europe, and two from US and there are two panel organizers/ moderators (Fowler and Monch). One panelist from each continent is from industry and one from academia. Only initial position statements are included in the proceedings. However, these initial statements form the basis for the panel discussion. The statements of the panelists from industry relate to modeling and analysis problems found in their own companies. The position statements of the panelists from academia describe the role that modeling and analysis is expected to play in their current and ongoing research in semiconductor manufacturing. Furthermore, their views on the challenges and successes of modeling and analysis in a globalized world are also included.


Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the phase transitions in the deuterated compound Ca 2 Sr(C 2 D 5 COO) 6 has been studied in a pressure and temperature range of p <550 MPa and -150°C< T <50°C. The ferroelectric Curie temperature (4.7°C at 0 pressure; about 4 K lower than the one in the hydrogen compound) increases with increasing pressure with an initial pressure coefficient of 0.197 K/MPa. The II-III phase boundary is practically unchanged by deuteration. The effect of deuteration on the transition temperatures is described by a parallel depression of the Curie temperature by about 4.0 K.


1. Introduction 2. Economics: Inductive or deductive science? 3. Economics and Statistics 4. Business-Cycle Research: The rise of modelling 5. John Maynard Keynes and Jan Tinbergen: The dramatist and the model-builder 6. Milton Friedman and the Cowles Commission for Econometric Research: Structural models and 'as if' methodology 7. Modelling Between Fact and Fiction: Thought experiments in economics 8. Experimentation in Economics 9. Simulation with Models 10. Economics as Science 11. Further Reading


Introducing flow pulsation into a water-jet cooling system allows for flow-field control for more efficient heat removal. Here, transient thermal mapping is used to quantify how a pulsed water jet in a falling-film geometry can enhance the overall cooling performance. It is found that the influence of the jet-pulsation frequency on the maximum cooling performance can be predicted by heat flux matching at the solid-liquid interface, while the optimum pulsation frequency is dictated by the thermofluid instabilities that occur in the falling film.


Synopsis: The dark stained net-work structure along grain boundaries was shown in the micro-stucture of hardened high C low Cr ball bearing steels when etched with sodium picrate. This phenomenon was rather faint with the heating temperature at heardening was low but it became distinct and wider extending within the grains as the heating temperature increased. This structure was not affected by cooling velocity. This phenomenon was appeared in a case of tbe spheroidized structure was hardened, howerver, in a case of sorbitic structure the entire grain was darkened which makes it unrevealed, and it is resolved under higher magnification of a microscope as a acicular structure. This structure was not troostite nor bainite which appeared in the isothermal transformation, but it was martensite and assumed that due to heterogeneity of the elements such as carbon. It seemed that this structure was the resultant of higher carbon content along the boundaries than within the grains which caused by the preferential dissolving of smaller cementite particles along grain boundaries in the spheroidized structure as the austenitizing temperature increased, and it had marked influence on the mechanical strength of ball bearing steels. The cause of the heterogeneity in the austenitizing was suggested to be the effect of chromium.


This case study seeks to examine pre-service teachers' digital literacy conceptions in an EFL academic writing context and aims to identify pre-service teachers' competences concerning the predominant dimensions of digital literacy encompassing critical thinking, online safety skills, digital culture, collaboration and creativity, finding information, communication, and functional skills. This case study involved both quantitative and qualitative data taken from 107 preservice teachers' online questionnaires and one 5-member focus group discussion delivered to pre-service teachers taking academic writing subjects in English Language Education Department in an urban university in Indonesia. In general, the result of the study revealed that the pre-service teachers' conceptions of digital literacy were principally associated with the narrow proficiency of utilizing online tools and technological devices and set aside a critical mindset. Further, in spite of the fact that most participating students were found to have lack of understanding of critical thinking and digital culture towards digital literacy, they appeared to possess the competencies of finding information, communication, and functional skills. Additionally, quantitative result of the pre-service teachers' competences demonstrated that communication dimension was the highest of all with the mean value of 3.95, followed by online safety skills (3.87), finding information (3.79), critical thinking (3.77), functional skills (3.75), as well as collaboration and creativity (3.43). The lowest mean (3.40) belonged to digital culture dimension. The findings have important implications for developing digital literacy framework in an EFL academic writing.


ABSTRACTThe paper describes an instrument employing the Hall effect in indium arsenide crystals for measuring magnetic fields from 20 gauss to 25 kilogauss. Various aspects of choosing indium arsenide crystals have been considered. Advantages of this instrument over the conventional fluxmeter have been enumerated. Errors on account of magnetoresistance, temperature variation have also been described.


In the paper, a novel analysis of carrier based PWM methods for multilevel inverters is presented. The space vector PWM and carrier based PWM correlations are investigated in a nominal two-level switching diagram. The obtained results will be applied to design various carrier PWM techniques. In this paper, a carrier based single-state PWM technique, which reduces number of switchings and optimizes active voltage errors will be presented. This technique can be advantageous in high level inverters. The carrier base PWM approach shows a flexible offset control. The proposed method is mathematically formulated and demonstrated by simulation and experimental results.


An oriental lily (Lilium spp.) 'Swan Beauty' was released in 2006 at National Horticultural Research Institute, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea. The cross was made in 1995 between oriental lily 'Helvetia', a white colored variety, and 'Expression', a white colored variety for cut flower. It was preliminarily selected as 'O-01-36' in 2001 for its stable flower quality with white petal (RHS 155C) and upward-facing. Multiplication, bulbing, and characteristic tests were conducted from 2002 to 2005. The evaluation of characteristics was investigated as 'Wongyo C1-86' in 2006 at Suwon. 'Swan Beauty' flowers in early July and grows to an average of 134 cm. It has a strong fragrance. The width of flower is 18.3 cm. Mean tepal length and width are 10.6 cm and 3.7 cm, respectively. Leaves are 14.0 cm long and 4.1 cm wide. Papillae are located on the inner tepals and are white (RHS 155C). The stigma is dark purple and pollen is dark brown.


The polymerization of globular to filamentous actin in smooth muscle occurs upon activation and is associated with cytoskeletal remodeling. Remodeling of the cortical cytoskeleton in this manner allows for tethering of contractile proteins and force transmission to the extracellular matrix. Muscle contraction involves ATP hydrolysis and cross‐bridge cycling, which are both sensitive to internal load. During isometric activation of smooth muscle, ATP hydrolysis rate peaks initially but decreases with time, reaching a steady‐state, while maintaining maximum force. Thus, tension cost, i.e., the rate of ATP hydrolysis per unit of force, decreases over time, reflecting increased efficiency of smooth muscle contraction. We hypothesized that the time‐dependent decrease in tension cost and ATP hydrolysis are associated with actin polymerization and a subsequent increase in internal loading on cross‐bridges. In permeabilized porcine airway smooth muscle (ASM) strips, ATP hydrolysis rate and isometric force were measured simultaneously after activation with maximum Ca2+ (pCa 4.0). Two strips were tested from each animal. One strip was treated with Cytochalasin‐D (Cyto‐D; 1 μM for 30 min), an inhibitor of actin polymerization, and one was an untreated, time‐matched control. We found that peak and steady‐state isometric force decreased by ~40%, and peak and steady‐state ATP hydrolysis rate increased by ~30% and ~20%, respectively, following Cyto‐D treatment. Thus, tension cost increased by ~100% and ~60% at peak and steady‐state, respectively. These results support our hypothesis that the time‐dependent decrease in ATP hydrolysis rate relates to an increase in internal load on cross‐bridges via actin polymerization. Inhibition of actin polymerization induced by Cyto‐D in smooth muscle impairs contractile protein tethering and therefore reduces internal loading, resulting in increases in tension cost, ATP hydrolysis rate and faster cross‐bridge cycling.


The purpose of this study was to determine the completeness of the infrastructure, the management of infrastructure and the efforts made by Palembang State Senior High School in improving the learning process. In this study the research data used a type of qualitative research, in this study the data was used using analysis gaps that helped Palembang State High School 9 in revealing which ones should be improved in improving infrastructure at Palembang State High School 9. Gap analysis includes determination, documentation, and the positive side of diversity of desires and capabilities now. The results of the gap analysis show that 14 items have not met the standards contained in Permen No. 24 of 2007, facilities that do not meet the standards include: Classrooms, library rooms, biological laboratory rooms, physics laboratory rooms, chemical laboratory rooms, computer laboratory rooms, spaces language laboratory, teacher's room, UKS room, student organization room, toilet, warehouse, circulation room, and sports equipment room. Whereas facilities that are in accordance with the standards contained in Permen No. 24 of 2007 are only 4 items including: leadership room, administration room, worship room, and counseling room. The principal as the school leader has implemented an administrative function to fix the existing infrastructure in the school starting from the functions of planning, coordinating, channeling, to accountability, by setting these functions expected to optimize infrastructure in improving the learning process at Palembang 9 Public High School.


A new method for solving the coupled equations in the adiabatic representation which arise in quantum mechanical treatment of atomic and molecular collisions is developed. The solutions of the uncoupled adiabatic equations, obtained from the coupled equations in the adiabatic representation by neglecting the coupling terms, are used to derive a set of new exact equations for the purely inelastic effects of the collision. The solutions of the new equations are practically nonoscillatory and can be solved numerically with little computational effort.


2-chloro-4-aminophenol was synthesized from 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol by reduction reaction,afterwards the addition reaction with perfluoro-vinyl-perfluoro-methyl ether was conducted to synthesize 3-chloro-4-[1,1,2-trifluoro2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethoxy]aniline.An acylation reaction based on 2,6-difluorobenzamide and oxalyl dichloride was carried out to produce 2,6-difluorobenzoyl isocyanate,afterwards the addition reaction with 3-chloro-4-[1,1,2-trifluoro2-(trifluoromethoxy)-ethoxy]aniline was conducted to synthesize insecticide Novaluron. The overall yield was 68.9%.


The medical application properties of coronary stents describe their behaviour in the human vascular system from planting to functioning. However these properties have great importance to surgeons, not all of them have standardized examination methods. In our study we demonstrate three procedures, which can be used to examine stents, considering the referred properties, like flaring, trackability and MSA (metallic surface area). In the course of our research four stents were investigated, three made of tube and one made of wire, and the results were promising about the application of these methods described in the followings.


The present invention relates to the structure and use of the sheet comprising a fibrous sheet, the fibrous sheet. The present invention also non-invention relates to a biodegradable and / or recyclable products containing useful, the fibrous sheet to replace the biodegradable product.


There is a clue,memory-return-exile,underlying Milan Kundera's novel,Ignorance.Because of the collective memory and personal privacy spatial memory,people are eager to return.With the great hope of homesickness,many characters are trying to return by means of the return model of Ulysses,and other models.The result is "being forced to be in exile".Through the linear explanation we get well acquainted with the existence of people like Kundera.


Thank you very much for downloading worthy monuments art museums and the politics of culture in nineteenth century france. As you may know, people have look numerous times for their favorite books like this worthy monuments art museums and the politics of culture in nineteenth century france, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than enjoying a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they are facing with some harmful bugs inside their computer.


The invention relates to a multi-faceted diamond and an associated method. A method of making a multi-faceted diamond is provided. Such a method can include obtaining a diamond having a substantially euhedral morphology and a plurality of primary crystallographic faces and polishing a plurality of primary apexes defined by the primary crystallographic faces to form a plurality of secondary faces and secondary apexes.


Results are presented of investigating the solid state materials plasma flow source based on arc discharge in the vapors of anode material. The source may be efficient in hard vacuum or for a vacuum chamber with gas let in. It is shown that this source allows for droplet-free and highly ionized plasma flows of various metals with a compensated volumetric charge. Practical applications for this source are listed. Its implementation in the deposition of optical films with the reflection factor K=99.2% at the 1.315/spl mu/m wavelength and the deposition of resistive layers is described. This source may be specifically used in the manufacture of microwaves devices, telecommunications systems elements and ICs.


Method of integrating information on-demand audio-visual media content from Web TV and radio services in Rundfunkkanal- or program directories of a hybrid TV receiver, the receiver side, the receiver side, a program management software for a list manager service periodically channel parameters and program information for at refers interactive program execution unit from an external server based Listenmanager- and updating service for digital video broadcast, updated, managed and processed so that the program execution unit in accordance of a recipient user by means of remote control means requests both broadcast channel directories with reception parameters of broadcast channels and program directories which information on program contributions included, as well as information on available media sources that provide retrievable audio-visual media content to a showing with the hybrid TV receiver ve outputting rbundenen display screen, characterized in that the program management software applies a broadcasting channels exhibiting media source directory regardless of the used medium data format for all media sources as a common media source directory and uses, wherein the media source directory in addition to the drawn by the server-based Listenmanager- and updating service for digital broadcasting services, reception and playback parameters, adding such reception and playback parameters, which receives the program execution means by inquiring at a streaming media services and / or a podcast service server, wherein the program execution means makes all channel parameters to select, for laying down in a channel-selection directory available ,


The molecular mechanism of pneumococcal vaccine failure in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons is not fully understood. A polymerase chain reaction ELISA was used to determine the proportion of peripheral IgG, IgA, and IgM CD19-positive B cells expressing 6 immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region (VH) subgroups before and 7 days after pneumococcal vaccination of 12 HIV-infected and 12 HIV-uninfected subjects. Significant postvaccination increases in the expression of the VH3 subgroup by IgG and IgA and a greater serologic response to vaccination were observed in the HIV-uninfected group. In contrast, the HIV-infected group had reduced prevaccination IgG VH3 and a postvaccination increase in IgG VH5. These results demonstrate that pneumococcal vaccination changes the pattern of B cell VH gene expression and support the concept that aberrant VH3 expression may translate into a poor antipneumococcal response in the setting of HIV infection.


High‐quality perovskite single crystals (SCs) are emerging as promising optoelectronic materials and extensive photodetectors have been reported based on their SC frameworks, however, they are all disabled without applied external bias, and this is an evident obstacle for practical applications. Here, self‐powered photodetection (SPD) of perovskite SCs based on capacitance effects is reported when the capacitor releases its previously stored electric power by discharging operations. The capacitive results are highly in accord with numerical simulations of dielectrics, rather than the common ion migration. The lateral structures show good selectivity for local illuminations and consequently the induced self‐driven photovoltaic effects, but such influences on the SPD can be ignored when the capacitors are charged with sufficient electric power. This work first shows an attempt at achieving SPD in the form of lateral capacitors and may provide another new strategy for self‐powered perovskite devices.


Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture, Instituto 1, LT-58344 Akademija, Kėdainiai distr., Lithuania E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, email@example.com Studies on DNA polymorphism are of great relevance in plant breeding since they give a deeper insight into genetic diversity. DNA profiles of individual plants of red clover varieties produced using the simple-sequence repeat primers UBC825, UBC827, UBC857, 77H, 78H, 104H and GO4 were assessed in this work. In the DNA profiles, in total 39–43 fragments were amplified, of which 52.5–60.4% were polymorphic. The highest number of fragments was amplified by the UBC827 primer, moreover, these fragments were found to be most polymorphic (90.5%). Slightly fewer polymorphic fragments were generated by the primers 77H and 78H. The primers 104H and GO4, when used in PCR, produced in the DNA profiles only one fragment each, which was identical for all individuals. Comparison of the varieties revealed the lowest number of fragments in the individuals of the variety 'Vyliai' (39), of which 57.4% were polymorphic. In the DNA profiles of the individuals of the varieties 'Liepsna' and 'Arimaičiai' 43 fragments were identified. Research on the intravarietal genetic diversity suggests that plants of the variety 'Lieps na' are characterised by the greatest polymorphism (0.313), while 'Arimaičiai' has been found to be the most homogeneous variety (0.241). The genetic distance between the varieties varied from 0.010 to 0.458. According to Nei's coefficient value, the greatest genetic distance was noted between the varieties 'Vyliai' and 'Arimaičiai' (0.177) and between 'Liepsna' and 'Arimaičiai' (0.181). Variety-specific DNA fragments were identified in some red clover varieties. Amplification done with the primer 78H pro duced a fragment of 1400 bp which is variety-specific to 'Arimaičiai'. The 800 bp fragment, ge ne rated by the UBC857 primer, was specific to individuals of the varieties 'Liepsna' and 'Vyliai'.


Microscopic adsorption modes of Zn(II) on anatase TiO2-water interface were studied using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of the EXAFS spectra showed that the microscopic structure of Zn(II) on anatase TiO2 is four coordinate complex, and there are at least two types of bonding based on the average Ti-Zn distances in the second sphere. Two different geometry configurations of single-corner(SC) and double-corner( DC) for adsorption on the ( 10 1) surface cluster were calculated using DFT method. The Zn-Ti distances are 0.369 nm and 0.335 nm for the single-corner adsorption mode and double-corner adsorption mode, respectively. Therefore, the EXAFS fitting data, R-1=0.371 nm, R-2=0.332 nm, can be well distinguished for SC and DC mode respectively. The calculation results also showed that the optimized Zn-O average distance of Zn-O tetrahedron is about 0.200 nm, which agree with the EXAFS results. These show that Zn was adsorbed onto TiO2 surfaces in different metastable equilibrium state(MEA) under the same thermodynamic conditions.


To study the potential contribution of glycine toxicity in the transurethral resection syndrome, we evaluated hemodynamic and visual evoked potential responses to glycine infusion (1 g/kg) in 22 dogs anesthetized with halothane (1.0–1.2% end tidal). Three dogs received 5% glucose in normal saline without glycine; three received arginine (4 mg/kg) in normal saline without glycine; three received arginine (4 mg/kg) in normal saline without glycine; 10 received glycine (1 g/kg), then arginine (4 mg/kg) 120 min after the completion of glycine infusion; and six received arginine 30 min after the completion of glycine infusion. Arginine was infused to evaluate potential antagonistic effects of glycine toxicity. Blood levels of glycine, ammonia, arginine, urea, and formate were determined after infusions of glycine or arginine. All animals received about 5 ml·kg−1·hr−1 of normal saline during the 2–4 hr of study. Immediately after glycine infusion, cardiac output increased 57%, whereas systemic vascular resistance and mean arterial pressure decreased 32% and 8%, respectively. Later cardiac output and mean arterial pressure were 41 % and 18% less than control levels, whereas systemic vascular resistance returned to control levels. Both amplitude and latency of visual evoked potential waveforms were altered in the animals receiving glycine infusion but not in the control animals. These responses were associated with elevations of blood glycine (149 ± 5 to 9591 ± 809 μM/L, mean + SEM) and blood NH3 (10.5 ± 2.8 to 100.0 ± 13.6 μM/L), but not with formate levels. Infusion of arginine 30 min after the completion of glycine infusion was associated with a reduction of blood glycine levels, but not more than that accountable by the effect of time. Arginine infusion alone in halothane-anesthetized dogs produced no hemodynamic or visual evoked potential waveform changes. However, in the presence of elevated blood glycine and ammonia levels, arginine improved cardiac output and minimized visual evoked potential waveform changes. These results suggest that chemical toxicity from glycine absorption, in addition to water intoxication and hyponatremia, should be considered in the "transurethral resection of the prostate syndrome."


In the present paper we extend the $L^2$ Korn interpolation and second inequalities in thin domains, proven in [\ref{bib:Harutyunyan.4}], to the space $L^p$ for any $1<p<\infty.$ A thin domain in space is roughly speaking a shell with non-constant thickness around a smooth enough two dimensional surface. The inequality that we prove in $L^p$ holds for practically any thin domain $\Omega\subset\mathbb R^3$ and any vector field $\Bu\in W^{1,p}(\Omega).$ The constants in the estimate are asymptotically optimal in terms of the domain thickness $h.$ This in particular solves the problem of finding the asymptotics of the optimal constant in the classical Korn second inequality in $L^p$ for thin domains in terms of the domain thickness in almost full generality. The remarkable fact is that the interpolation inequality reduces the problem of estimating the gradient $\nabla\Bu$ in terms of the strain $e(\Bu)$ to the easier problem of estimating only the vector field $\Bu$, which is a Korn-Poincare inequality.


The present invention discloses a solar backsheet film forming an oven. This solar backsheet film forming an oven, and the main chassis having a base, said base surface is attached to a blower box, a blower box with a built-in fan, defines air inlet for the blower box; the main chassis built hosts, the main chassis above with an oven, oven heating tube and backplate built film material reel, placed above the heating tube backsheet film feed spool; top center of the oven with the cap, the cap cover defines an air inlet, an oven near the top of the cap defines the outlet; the connection between the cold air inlet and cooling air intake pipe, the outlet is connected to the hot air, the hot air is attached to the top of the hot air outlet. The invention has simple structure, reasonable design, convenient operation, installation and maintenance is very convenient, low cost, good drying performance, improve production efficiency and product quality, conducive to market competition.


SUMMARY Seventy one heterotrophic bacterial isolates were obtained from Wuras Dam, phenotypically characterized and clustered with the unweighted-pair group method. Three groups were obtained of which the first contained 59 members in several clusters. Overall this group was characterized by a lack of positive characteristics (< 21%) e.g. a low fermentative ability. The second group contained three members exhibiting more positive characteristics (53%) and the third group nine members with 56,7% positive characteristics. Evaluations of the groups and clusters did not suggest any distinct spatial or temporal variations within the groups. Since the bacteria which were studied probably belong to the zymogenous group of Winogradsky (1949), attention should be paid to the presence of autochthonous and/or oligocarbophilic species in the impoundment.


Objective: To study the automatic diagnosis method of liver tumors in the contrast-enhanced ultrasound environment, assist doctors in the clinical diagnosis of liver tumors intuitively, conveniently, and accurately, thereby improve the cure rate of liver tumors. Methods:
 First, six sets of experimental data were constructed. The automatic diagnosis experiment of liver tumors through contrast-enhanced ultrasound was performed by the combination of sparse representation-based support vector machine (SVM) and principal component analysis (PCA)-based SVM, as well
 as the sparse representation classification method. The effect of classification decision principles on experiments was further studied. Results: The SVM method had an average effect on diagnostic accuracy. The average diagnostic accuracy of the six different experimental data sets
 was 76%, and the average diagnosis time was 300 s. The feature extraction method based on the combination of sparse representation and PCA was applied to the SVM method to achieve an optimal diagnosis. The average diagnosis accuracy rate could reach 87%, and the average time was more than
 1,000 s. Using the sparse classification representation method, the diagnostic accuracy rate for the six experimental data sets constructed was above 93%, with a maximum of 99%, and the average time was 210 s. The sparse classification representation using the principle of minimum reconstruction
 error classification decision had an average diagnostic accuracy rate of 99% and an average time of 128 s. Conclusion: The sparse classification representation for the clinical diagnosis of liver tumors by contrast-enhanced ultrasound had high accuracy and consumed less time. Therefore,
 the constructed method was valuable.


High Level Waste (HLW) glasses are to be stored in deep geologic repositories around the world. Some potential repository geologies have oxidizing groundwaters while some have reducing or anoxic groundwaters. The differences in the oxidizing potential of the groundwater, expressed as groundwater Eh, which has a profound impact on the release of multivalent species such as iron and uranium from the glass. Static leach testing of monolithic glass samples (ASTM C1220) doped with uranium were performed at 90°C in an Ar glovebox under anoxic and oxic conditions. Tests were performed in both deionized water and in simulated basaltic groundwater that was pre-equilibrated at low Eh. Geochemical modeling of the measured Eh-pH conditions from the oxic and anoxic experiments using Geochemist's Workbench software, suggested that different colloidal species control the release of uranium species under oxic and anoxic conditions.


IN Weaver v. Jordan,1 the Supreme Court of California invalidated an initiative provision of that State prohibiting the operation of any scheme under which television viewers would be called upon to pay directly for the privilege. In an opinion by Justice Burke, joined by five other members of the court, it was held that the provision violated the "free speech" clauses of the United States and California constitutions, in that it prohibited a legitimate method of communication of ideas. Because the court held that the provision abridged free speech, it was unnecessary to reach the question of whether it was an unconstitutional incursion upon the rights of the sponsors of subscription television to engage in an innocuous business venture. Mr. Justice Mosk dissented. He saw no abridgment of free speech, and stated that it is not the function of courts to substitute their judgment as to the wisdom or propriety of economic regulations for the judgment of the people's representatives. The Supreme Court of the United States denied certiorari.2 Aside from the general proposition that there is no significance in the denial of certiorari, the fact that there was an independent state ground for the decision makes the action of the Court peculiarly insignificant. Further, the failure of the majority to reach the economic freedom issue, coupled with the adverse view of Justice Mosk, makes the decision of the Supreme Court of California no more than a one man reaffirmation of the oft-stated proposition that the propriety of governmental regulation of business is a question for the legislature and not for the courts.


Considering both writing and visual propaganda, this chapter argues that nonhuman animals were central to the 1790s political reform movement both as sources of metaphor and as fellow creatures also demanding freedom from oppression. Several species of animals are treated, the pig being the most important. Firstly the chapter shows how Burke's characterization of revolutionaries as a swinish multitude, combined with the reputation of the performing animal known as the learned pig, made the pig the radicals' emblem, defiantly adopted by Thomas Spence, Daniel Isaac Eaton, Richard Porson, and others to energize their campaign. Secondly, the question of sympathy for real-life pigs within radical discourse is raised through a discussion of Southey's pig poems. Thirdly, the chapter considers the extension of the rights of man to nonhuman animals in the work of John Oswald and Joseph Ritson, who combined a commitment to vegetarianism with revolutionary politics.


Uniform microwave field (UMF) has increasing applications in microwave industries and electromagnetic measurements. In this work, we propose an analytical method to synthesize UMFs based on the Fourier transform (FT) and time reversal (TR) technique. FT is used to analytically obtain the excitation amplitudes for the antenna elements of TR mirror (TRM). TR is applied to compensate for their excitation phases so that all the TR signals radiated from the TRM antennas arrive at the target zone without phase difference. TRM is an antenna array of each antenna element with the TR processing ability, which is designed for UMF generation. Thanks to the analytical property, the proposed method provides a new efficient way to achieve the UMFs. Full-wave simulations demonstrate the validity and accuracy of this method. Some critical factors that may affect the 3 dB field width, phase deviation, and amplitude ripples of the UMFs are studied.


The advanced ionization beam profile monitor is being developed at GSI for the future FAIR facility in collaboration with ITEP and FZ-Jülich. In January 2009 the IPM prototype was installed in COSY-Jülich. After successful hardware test the beam tests followed. The prototype was operated without magnetic field, thus only residual gas ions were detected. An arrangement consisting of an MCP stack, a phosphor screen, and a CCD camera was used to detect ions. We report the first profile measurements of the proton beam up to 2.8 GeV at COSY.


The UV-Vis absorbencies of Cu(Ⅱ) analog complexes prepared with imidazole and its derivatives were determined, on the basis of which the structures and the coordination agent-coordination center ratios of analog complexes were obtained. The structures of imidazole compounds films on the surface of copper were determined using XPS. The process and mechanism of film forming for imidazole and its derivatives on the surface of copper were put forward by means of comparing the structures of the films and the analog complexes.


We overview the recent results on the shift of the spectrum and norm bounds for variation of spectral subspaces of a Hermitian operator under an additive Hermitian perturbation. Along with the known results, we present a new subspace variation bound for the generic off-diagonal subspace perturbation problem. We also demonstrate how some of the abstract results may work for few-body Hamiltonians.


The acceleration of neutrons via their magnetic dipole moment in an axially symmetric magnetic field is considered. Conditions for bunching are derived and expressions for the off-axis forces are developed. It was found that neutrons off axis are forced back onto the axis and that neutrons slightly depolarized remain in their initial state. A calculation of the acceleration is made using the field of a current loop and the conclusion is that under present laboratory capabilities a neutron accelerator is not feasible.


A method of tree-height minimization of networks of commutative and associative operators is described. The algorithm aims at minimizing latency and shimming delays in a synchronous data flow architecture such as that used in bit/digit-serial computation. The algorithm rearranges adder/subtractor trees to meet the joint goals, often allowing otherwise impossible scheduling constraints to be met. The algorithmic methods are found to apply also to trees of adders and shifters, such as those found in shift/add multipliers. >


This study evaluates the plasma concentration of progesterone and cortisol in cows submitted to daily or weekly handling. For this experiment, seven primiparous or multiparous Nelore cows (Bos taurus indicus) were monitored for 21 days (experiment 1) and 9 weeks (experiment 2) through rectal palpation and ultrasonographic examination of the female reproductive tract, as well as jugular venipuncture. Plasma concentration of progesterone and cortisol (ng/mL) was determined by radioimmunoassay from blood samples collected from jugular vein on the differently handling experiments. For experiment 1, the plasma concentration of progesterone ranged from 0.13 to 4.42 ng/mL, however, there were no differences in experiment 2 (0.17 to 1.2 ng/mL; p > 0.05). Plasma concentration of cortisol showed values between 10-50 ng/mL in experiment 1 and 8.3 to 62 ng/mL in the experiment 2. There were correlations between cortisol and progesterone in the experiment 2 (r = 0.909; p 0.05) but not in the experiment 1 (r = 0.03; p > 0.05). The handling procedures used in experiments were able to induce stress in the treated animals.


In this article, nonlinear thermal Analysis of air-heating flat-plate solar collectors was conducted to obtain temperature distribution inside the heat transfer unit. Due to temperature-dependency of specific heat coefficient of air, the governing differential equation had a noticeable nonlinear nature. Therefore, for the solution of nonlinear equation a highly accurate and simple analytical method which is called Differential Transformation Method (DTM) and basic numerical method, Runge-Kutta (RG) was employed. As a significant result, it is depicted that the DTM results have an interesting conformity with numerical ones. After this verification, the effects of physical applicable parameters on temperature distribution, useful gained heat and thermal efficiency of collectors were investigated. It was concluded that increase in dimension of collector may not increase the efficiency (about 10% decreased). However an increase in the effectiveness coefficient ( ) and air mass flow rate ( ) enhanced the performance of solar collectors and the process efficiency increased up to 12%.


The introduction of closed apheresis softwares and a sterile connection device (SCD) allows the extension of shelf-life of platelet concentrates (PC). This might solve logistic problems of supplying special types of concentrates when required. The in vitro quality of PC collected in a completely closed system by the elutriation technique is compared with that of PC prepared by conventionaI differentia1 centrifugation (PRP method), pooled and stored under the same conditions. The effects of processing by the two different techniques, of leukocyte contamination, and of the surface area available for gas exchange were investigated.


A new concept is born. If it is worthy, and if it has competent supporters, it can significantly change some pattern of life. The society reacts to the new concept by attempting to integrate it with the old ideas. The reactionary elements in the society are skeptical and cling to the "proven" ways. The overzealous supporters seek to expand the new idea at all costs, and ignore the destruction of the "antiquated" theories. The reasonable seek to synthesize a new theory by merging the best ideas from the new concept with the vital and salvageable ideas of the old.


The intention of this study is to investigate the influence of Workplace ostracism on Employee Engagement, among the people working in the health care sector. Using Conservation of Resource Theory (COR), the research seeks to understand the moderating role of Psychological Capital.The data for the study has been gathered from leading private hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan. The sample size for the study was 345 full-time health care employees. After screening and the analysis of data, it was revealed that WorkplaceOstracism negatively and significantly influencesEmployee Engagement. The intervening influence of Psychological Capital was estimated by PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2013). The psychological capital exhibited significant moderation between workplace ostracism and employee engagement. The study discusses the theoretical and practical implication.


Key Points B10 cells increase during insulitis and decrease with the occurrence of diabetes. Dysfunction of B10 cells is due to the defect in IL-10 secretion. The balance of pathogenic Th1/Th17 cells and B10 cells was altered. The critical role of IL-10–producing B cells (B10 cells) with a unique CD1dhiCD5+ phenotype in suppressing autoimmune responses and relieving inflammation has been demonstrated in several models of autoimmune diseases. However, the regulatory role of B10 cells in T cell–mediated autoimmune responses during the natural history of type 1 diabetes is unclear. In this study, we used the NOD mouse model of autoimmune diabetes to clarify the changes and potential mechanisms of B10 cells for disease. Compared with B10 cells present in the 4-wk-old normoglycemic NOD mice, the frequency of B10 cells was increased in the insulitis and diabetic NOD mice, with the highest proportion in the insulitis NOD mice. The changes in the relative number of B10 cells were most pronounced in the pancreas-draining lymph nodes. The pathogenic T cells, including Th1 and Th17 cells, remarkably increased. The assays in vitro showed that B10 cells in the NOD mice did not inhibit the proliferation of CD4+CD25− T cells. They also had no regulatory effect on IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion or on Foxp3 expression of T cells. B10 cells suppressed T cell–mediated autoimmune responses via an IL-10–dependent pathway. In contrast, B10 cells in the NOD mice exhibited a significant reduction in IL-10 production. In summary, a defect in the number and function of B10 cells may participate in the development and progression of type 1 diabetes.


As per the recent statistical data, the consumption of fuel has increased from 1965 to 2012 at a very high rate. Earlier, we used to relay mostly on coal for running steam engines, and with the advancement of technology, this switched over to gasoline, diesel, natural gas and alternative fuels. Most of the emission coming from automotive engines was the main contributor to air pollution. An Aqua silencer composed of E glass-based composite was introduced to avoid the release of such gases directly into the atmosphere from diesel engines. It was manufactured using core moulding and vacuum bagging technology and was fitted to the exhaust pipe of the diesel engine to treat the toxic gasses before releasing to the atmosphere. Other than reducing the regulated emission, it also reduced particulate matter significantly. The particulate matter was reduced using an activated charcoal layer. The noise and particulate level were found to be less by 40 and 93% respectively when compared with the conventional silencer. Besides this, it has ease of installation. The current paper discussed the utilisation of this innovative mechanism in automobiles and its contribution to various fields such as refineries and chemical processing units.


Preserving the quality of ground water resources has become a serious concern for those responsible for intensively managed turf operations in suburban and rural areas of the humid eastern U.S.A. Nitrate leaching from Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L. cv. Baron) and Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra ssp. commutata Gaud. cv. Jamestown) turf managed at different fertility levels was estimated and compared with nitrogen (N) loss through clipping removal. Urea was applied at 72, 144 and 288 kg N ha¯¹ yr¯¹ in increments throughout the growing season or as a single treatment in mid-May. Turf intensively managed for eight years was compared with minimally fertilized turf 18 months old. Clippings were collected, analyzed for N and found to contain amounts equivalent to 51 to 102% of the N applied. Percent N recovery in clippings was inversely related to application rate. Nitrate (NO3) leaching during the growing season was estimated from a hydrologic mass balance model and the nitrate content of soil water collec...


This paper presents link to system (L2S) interfacing technique for multiple input and multiple output (MIMO) iterative receivers. In L2S interfacing, usually the post detection signal to noise ratio (SNR)‐based frame error rate lookup tables (LUT) are used to predict the link level performance of receivers. While L2S interfacing for linear MIMO receivers can be conveniently implemented, it is more challenging for MIMO iterative receivers due to unavailability of the closed form SNR expressions. In this paper, we propose three methods for post detection SNR estimation for MIMO iterative receivers. The first is based on the QR decomposition of the channel matrix, the second relies on the residual noise calculation based on the soft symbols, and the third exploits the closed form SNR expressions for linear receivers. A link to system interface model for iterative receivers is developed for evaluating the reference curves for different modulation and coding schemes, and results are validated by comparing the simulated and predicted frame error rates. It is shown that linear and residual noise‐based SNR approximations result in a very good prediction performance whereas the performance of QR decomposition‐based method degrades for higher order modulations and coding schemes.


The present invention provides an electric storage device for providing a technique which conducts a current collector, a case and a conductive member and can prevent clearance between the case and the conductive member. A battery of the invention is characterized in that: the battery comprises a container (1) with a preset volume, an electrode member (2) which is accommodated in the container (1) and is provided with a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a lid (3) which is configured at an opening (1a) of the container (1) and is provided with electrode terminal parts (10,20) that are used by the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the electrode terminal part (10) is provided with the lid (3), the current collector (4), an upper sealing pad (5) and rivets (7); the other end of the current collector (4) is conducted with the lid (3) and the rivets (7).


CFD turned into an alluring and engineering practice utilized in the design and assessment procedure in automotive and food industries. Nowadays, open source solvers are great in demand as the small-scale industries doesn't want to invest too much into it. On the CFD OpenFOAM software front it has the capacity to handle a mutli-physics problem with respect to commercial and industrial needs. OpenFoam solver is one great example which is a C++ encoded numerical tool to solve various fluid flows and heat transfer processed under lot of differential equations where the analyzer has to scratch his head to get the output. The present study involves round the designing and analyzing an OpenFoam CFD model of a Reefer truck chamber where the temperature and velocity variations were studied. The truck chamber is investigated by varying different inlet angles and changing the positions of outlet duct. And thereby automating the whole CFD process with the help of PyFoam which is an interface of Python scripting embedded with OpenFoam wherein helping the vendors or customers to directly input the coolant temperature and the inlet angle. The inlet angle at 20 degree and 45 degree was verified with the python code to conclude the CFD simulation on the reefer truck.


As a branch of the simulation field, network simulation technology is increasingly becoming a powerful tool for analysis, research and design. In recent years, the Network Simulator 3 (NS3) simulator has made significant progress with its rich network component object library and relatively perfect bottom-level programming modelling. However, most of the current research on NS3 is based on the existing algorithms for differentiation and comparative analysis, lacking the open-source platform design, the training means of satellite communication system simulation and research on the overall platform building framework based on NS3. This article proposes a complete congestion-control open-source platform construction strategy for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite. The top-level building process of the satellite simulation platform is introduced in detail, and the bottom layer is modularized into four parts to achieve. The NS3 top-level frame realization process and the bottom-level network element unit are modularized to build a complete satellite model simulation platform. It provides some ideas for promoting the development of satellite routing algorithm simulation experiments.


Credit education is more and more important in college students' growth and the construction of a socialist harmonious society.Questionnaires were distributed to some college students and the first-hand information of current credit status was obtained.Causes of credibility lacking were analyzed and credit education countermeasures were proposed.


ObjectiveTo observe the clinical effect of pit and fissure sealant with different clinical acid etching tech nique.MethodsTotally 240 permanent first molars in children aged 6-8 years old were randomly divided into three groups. Group A:self-etching adhesive;Group B:EST with self-etching adhesive;Group C:phosphoric acid. All the chil dren were followed up and reexamined after 3,6 and 12 months.ResultsThe retention rates of pit and fissure sealant and the prevalence rates of caries in three groups had no significant difference after 3 and 6 months(P 0.05). At 12th month,the retention rate of pit and fissure sealant in self-etching adhesive group was statistically lower than than in the other groups(P 0.05),and the prevalence rate of caries was statistically higher than that in the others(P 0.05). But the other two groups had no significant difference in the retention rate of pit and fissure sealant and the prevalence rate of caries(P 0.05).ConclusionThe clinical effect of pit and fissure sealant with self-etching adhesive is worse than with phosphoric acid,but it can be improved by combining enameloplasty sealant technique. The effect of phosphoric ac id and EST combination self-etching adhesive are the same.


There is still a lack of appropriate and global answers to the question of the "lifelikeness" and of "believability" of animated agents. In this paper we propose two directions that could be useful to reach a better "believability": 1) ground the agent's multimodal behavior on systematic video annotation of human behavior in the same context, 2) make the specification easier by defining an "intermediate level" of specification based on a set of possible cooperations between modalities. We describe how we have started to work in these directions and how we hope that this may improve the believability of the agents.


Subtitle: A new project, spearheaded by the Georgia Ports Authority, Shanghai International Port Group, and Savi Networks, aims to seal the door against terrorists.


To establish a technique to measure the wall shear stress with high accuracy, along with the spatial and temporal resolutions, micro-scale sensors are fabricated and their responses to the wall shear stress are investigated. In this study, two types of micro-scale sensors are fabricated: a hot-film (HF)-type sensor and a floating-element (FE)-type sensor. First, the HF sensor is calibrated using a rotating cylinder. The calibration results show that the heating power of a constant temperature circuit (CTC) increases with the wall shear stress. The relationship between the square of the heating power of CTC (E 1 2 ) and the wall shear stress to the 1/3 power (τ w 1/3 ) becomes linear in the range τ w 1/3 > 0.35 Pa 1/3 as theoretically predicted. Second, the calibration of the FE sensor is performed using the Stokes layer excitation method. The calibration results show that the output voltage of the C-V conversion circuit connected to the FE sensor E 2 is almost proportional to the wall shear stress τ w as expected in the range τ w > 2.5 × 10 -4 Pa for 100 Hz stokes layer excitation and τ w > 5.0 × 10 -4 Pa for that of 200 Hz.


In order to transport binary files,such as images and voice between services,web services should add attachments to
SOAP message.The SOAP protocol and its arrangement and the characteristic were analyzed and discussed.The format of the
SOAP message with attchments,the method to reference the attachments and the processing rule of the SOAP processor were ex-
pounded in detail.The way to bind attachments with SOAP message using the function of SOAP and MIME was discribed,and
a method to handle attachments with Apache SOAP was put forward.


Calcium is generally required in the external solution for maintaining the asymmetric distribution of potassium and sodium in the cell. The removal of external calcium induces a loss of potassium and a gain in Na in a number of tissues including mouse pancreas, frog eggs, HeLa cells, ascites cells, yeast, and a strain of E. coli as shown in TABLE I.l57 *l To understand the mechanism of this action of calcium, many workers followed an earlier suggestion that calcium may control the electrolyte levels by regulating the membrane permeability to solute movement. This suggestion was based largely on the electrical measurements in excitable tissues. For instance, it was known that increasing external calcium concentration stabilized the nerve membrane by increasing its resistance.2 Reducing the calcium concentration has the converse effect of lowering the resistance. This was also an explanation for the spontaneous oscillations or repetitive activity that developed on exposure to a medium low in calcium.1 Frankenhauser and Hodgkin 5 tested the effects of external calcium on sodium and potassium currents in the squid axon under the voltage clamp conditions and found that the conductance voltage curves were shifted in the positive direction on the voltage axis with increasing external calcium concentration. These findings were extrapolated to predict the electrolyte behavior of many tissues. It was reasoned that a more permeable membrane, when exposed to low calcium, should increase the rate of exchange (leak) of solutes between the cell and the external medium and provide a mode for the control of cellular potassium and sodium levels. However, this simple mechanism for the action of calcium was found not to be complete to explain the more recent findings.z2 Our purpose here is to study the effects of divalent ions under conditions of varying external K and Na. These studies originated with the observation


industrialisation. Land is seen as a means to gain exclusivity, status, security and it can be liquidated at crucial moments to generate cash. However, landholders display a simultaneous desire to move offfarm and adopt non-farming lifestyle. The land is therefore central to the formation of subjectivity – acquiring inconsistent meanings including hope, anxiety, anticipation and incompleteness at the same time. The book consists of four chapters. By using the linguistic distinction between chasa (a landless) and chasi (a 'developed' landowner), chapter 1 explores the emergence of land-based identities and subjectivities in rural West Bengal. Chapter 2 examines how local discourse of land and development connect property understood as things and property understood as relationships in local hierarchies. Chapter 3 considers the protests against land acquisition as performances. Chapter 4 focuses on the narratives spun by activists in order to construct an authentic peasant voice to suit a set agenda. The author rightfully points out the limitations of the 'idyllic' presentations of the rural and agrarian environment. However the book contrasts and emphasizes the narratives of distinctions and aspirations of the small landowners vis-à-vis the landless. Excessive emphasis on this dimension and making it the axis of analysis may appear far-fetched to many. This is particularly true at present times, when, due to a wide range of reasons, land is no longer a remunerative asset if used for agriculture. Sandwiched between an increasingly unviable agriculture and the absence of rural dynamism, between the lure of the modern, urban lifestyle glorified by mass media and the role of the state as a 'broker' in land deals, small farmers often surrender. In short, industrialisation appears to hold promises for a better future for them – if not today, then tomorrow, if not for themselves then for their children. Many scholars have highlighted that such promises in post-colonial conditions are often false. The pulls of the narrative, however, remain strong. The land question in the context of industrialisation in India is too complex to be captured by a single analytical framework. Processes of industrialisation and its associated dynamics need to be explored from multiple perspectives, and in this context this theoretically rich book remains an important contribution to the growing literature on how 'land' fits into the contemporary development process in India.


Environmental problems in Nigeri a are of different kinds and di mension, ranging from erosions, deforestation, water, land and air pollutions from the oil industries, in dustrial effluents up to dumping of refuse and toxic wastes. These problem s are classified as natural, developmental, and socio-economic. In reaction to these, differen t administrations enacted some environmental policies like Oil Pipeline Act of 1958, Fede ral Protection Decree of 1989, the Endangered Species Decree of 1985, among others. This pape r examined the purpose and impact of some of these environmental policies and the findings show that, these policies are cosmetic in conception with no objective structure for im plementation to achieve the desired goals.


A semiconductor device is described having an integrated high-k dielectric layer and metal control gate. A method of fabricating the same is described. Embodiments of the semiconductor device include a high-k dielectric layer disposed on a floating gate. The high-k dielectric layer defines a recess. A metal control gate is formed in the recess.


1. ABSTRACT: Physical Sciences Inc. (PSI), in collaboration with its partners, Raytheon Integrated Defense Systems (RTN-IDS) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) have developed a simulation environment which successfully demonstrates the effectiveness of a network of non-directed radiation sensors deployed for the detection and localization of radiological threats in urban environments. The simulation environment has been developed using Mak Technologies' VR-Forces tool kit, a well known software for simulating battlefield scenarios. At the core of the simulation are algorithms applicable to sensor networks that improve overall system performance through integration and analysis of all available sensor data and responses. The VR-Forces simulation environment has re-created Downtown Philadelphia as the test bed scenario and makes use of a network of radiological sensors (PVT, NaI) connected via wireless protocol to a C2 post. These sensors are deployed on fixed (e.g. buses) and random (e.g. taxis) route vehicles navigating in radiological backgrounds synthesized based on empirically collected urban data. We show that a network of 13 non-directed PVT sensors (8 buses, 5 taxis) achieves a Pd ~ 91% against a 1 mCi 137Cs source released to 1500 possible random locations within a ~ 1.3 km x 1 km area centered around Philadelphia City Hall. The sensor network is able to localize more than 80% of all possible source locations to within 15 m accuracy. 45% of all possible source locations are found to within 7 m and ~ 70% of threats are detected within 10 minutes of insertion in the environment.


Readers may make verbatim copies of this document for noncommercial purposes by any means, provided that the above copyright notice appears on all copies. (2008). What do we know about instruction from large-scale national surveys? of Wisconsin–Madison. Any opinions, findings, or conclusions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding agencies, WCER, or cooperating institutions. 1 Overview Students' instructional experiences—that is, their experiences learning subject matter through classroom instruction—are a major determinant of how well they learn. Given the importance of classroom instruction, valid, generalizable evidence is needed by policymakers, researchers, and practitioners. But building a solid knowledge base on instruction has proven an elusive goal. More than a decade ago, Cuban (1993) argued that researchers, policymakers, practitioners, and reform-minded citizens know little " about which instructional practices have remained stable and which ones have changed over the last century " (p. 12). More recently, Ball and Rowan (2004) argued that our knowledge about what makes for good or effective instruction is quite limited. Surveys of teachers and students are commonly used to measure instruction. Such surveys hold promise for shedding light on how instruction varies across settings and how different instructional practices affect achievement. Moreover, when administered to probability samples of students or teachers, surveys can yield generalizable knowledge on instruction. However, despite the widespread use of surveys to measure instruction in education research, to our knowledge there has not been an attempt to systematically document how evidence from surveys administered to probability samples has contributed to generalizable knowledge on instruction. This paper takes a step toward filling that gap by describing empirical evidence on instruction collected from large-scale surveys administered by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES). Our goal in preparing this summary is to produce a portrait of the literature that highlights instructional activities that are positively associated with student achievement and identifies gaps in the literature that need further attention.


AbstractThis study is based on qualitative interviews with five-year-old children from a nursery school and two teachers with great experience. The purpose with the interviews is to find out what k ...


Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) results in cognitive impairment. The calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha-1 C CACNA1C gene encodes an alpha-1 C subunit of L-type calcium channel (LTCC). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of micro-RNA-137 (miR-137) and the CACNA1C gene in APPswe/PS1ΔE9 (APP/PS1) double-transgenic AD mice and in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Material/Methods Six-month-old APP/PS1 double-transgenic AD mice (N=6) and age-matched normal C57BL/6 mice (N=6) underwent a Morris water maze (MWM) test, expression levels of amyloid-β (Aβ), LTCC, the CACNA1C gene, and miR-137 were measured in the rat hippocampus and cerebral cortex in both groups of mice. A luciferase assay was used to evaluate the effect of miR-137 on the expression of CACNA1C in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Western blotting was used to detect the CACNA1C, phosphorylated-tau (p-tau), and Aβ proteins. Results In APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice, spatial learning and memory was significantly reduced, levels of Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42 were increased in the serum, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex, expression levels of miR-137 were reduced, expression of CACNA1C protein was increased in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, compared with normal control mice. miR-137 regulated the expression of the CACNA1C gene. Increased expression levels of p-tau (Ser202, Ser396, and Ser404) induced by Aβ1–42 were inhibited by miR-137 mimics in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Conclusions In a transgenic mouse model of AD, miR-137 and expression of the CACNA1C gene inhibited the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein.


The structure,features and selection of self-cleaning air filter for centrifugal air compressor are described in the article.Installing a self-cleaning air filter at the inlet of the air compressor can not only increase the output and service life of the unit,but also greatly save its maintenance costs.


OBJECTIVE to understand the Practical Status of manpower for immunization in community Vaccination clinic in Minhang district and put forward Appropriate recommendations on manpower for immunization.METHODS 104 Staff were investigated and group interviews was carried among supervisor. RESULTS Work intensity was 5—17 Per hour an community Vaccination clinic,besides Vaccination,many other work was carried.More than 90%of the staff think that the current intensity.Most of the staff was nurse with primary title,which lacking of Necessary Clinical Knowledge.CONCLUSION Vaccination clinic workload,involving extensive knowledge,highly professional,it is essential to improve number and structure of manpower.


A 48 year old non-smoking female was seen in the chest clinic for cough and breathlessness on a background of asthma type symptoms for 20 years. Her cough was exacerbated by inhalers, productive of yellow sputum and intermittent streaks of blood. On examination, her lungs were clear but she coughed almost continuously for five minutes after using her inhaler. CT Scan showed bronchiectasis with multiple small nodules scattered throughout the lungs ranging in size from 4-8mm. Subsequent scans over two years showed these nodules to have slightly increased in size. She remained extremely symptomatic with persistent cough despite steroid inhalers and mucolytics. She underwent video thoracoscopy which was converted to left thoracotomy to obtain a lung biopsy. The pathological findings were consistent with Diffuse Idiopathic Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIPNECH). She was referred to the Oncology service where she was treated symptomatically.


Several commercial FPGA architectures provide fast connections between adjacent logic blocks that decrease the best-case delay between circuit elements with the goal of increasing overall performance. This paper explores the architecture of these Nearest Neighbour (NN) interconnects to determine topologies, quantities and distances that are best for performance and area. We show that certain architectures can achieve a 7.4% performance improvement at the cost of a 6.3% increase in total FPGA area when fully populated. We also show that a 6.4% improvement can be achieved for a more modest cost of 3.8% increase in area.


There is a natural affinity between dispute of village society and folk law. It is because of the construction of the premises by the judge that makes the folk law a possible way to solve the dispute of the village society. From the perspectives of the identification of law and the stability of social order,the adaption of the folk law have a great sense in law. And the folk law is making more and more contributions,especially in some specific disputes like women's right to land,neighbours' relationship,betrothal gifts,and so on.


The article introduces the calculation methods of the slop stability analysis and especially depicts theories of methods, the range of applied and their merits and demerits.


Hunan procuratorial organs actively explore the measures and judiciary law about economic and social development strategy,which have acquired social effects.However,due to the lack of relevant systems,which result in some problems in practice.These deficiencies which reflecting the current procuratorial organs should be further strengthened in idea,ability and in the social development strategy.Therefore,procuratorial organs should perfect the system of standard,innovative working mechanisms,perform the mass work and strengthen constructing of procuratorate,which perfect economic and social development strategy.


Objective: Loratadine (LOR) is a biopharmaceutics classification system Class II drug that has low solubility and high permeability, so its absorption rate is determined by the dissolution rate. The aim of this study was to prepare an LOR-fumaric acid (LOR-FUM) binary mixture and to investigate its influence on the solubility and dissolution rate of LOR. Methods: LOR-FUM binary mixture was prepared by the wet grinding method in an equimolar ratio by the addition of two drops of methanol. Characterization of LOR-FUM binary mixture was conducted by the construction of the phase solubility, powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, and polarizing microscopy methods. Solubility test was performed in water at room temperature, whereas the in vitro dissolution test was performed in the pH 1.2, 4.5, and 6.8 buffer solutions. R esults: The phase solubility curve of LOR in FUM solution is similar to type B . The powder X-ray diffraction results show the crystallinity of LOR was changed become more amorphous indicating the salt formation. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of LOR-FUM binary mixture showed the vibration peaks of an imine group on the pyridine ring of LOR and carbonyl group on the FUM are not detected. On the other hand, the polarizing microscope images showed the crystal habit of LOR-FUM binary mixture after recrystallized from methanol contrast to crystal habit of its pure components. The solubility in water of LOR-FUM binary mixture was higher than pure LOR. Amount of LOR released from LOR-FUM binary mixture in pH 4.5 and 6.8 buffer solutions was faster than from pure LOR. C onclusion: A binary mixture of LOR and FUM may improve the solubility and dissolution rate of LOR. Ke ywords: Loratadine, Fumaric acid, Binary mixture, Solubility, Dissolution rate.


We report results from a subset of an extensive study of the performance of blind persons in different haptic environments. Test tasks included in the study were recognition of simple geometrical objects, realistic VRML models, mathematical surfaces, a si


Abstract:
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Neural networks utilizing non-volatile random access memory (NVM) exhibit excellent power reduction over traditional CMOS implementations. RRAM (resistive random access memory) is one such emerging memory technology offering low energy, good endurance, and a large analog conductance window. When implemented in a crossbar architecture, these networks are able to bypass the von-Neumann bottleneck by performing compute in-memory. This architecture works well for inference; however, training the network is far more challenging. Networks built using RRAM can be trained on-chip with gradient descent or off-chip where weights are transferred. Backpropagation, while effective in training von-Neumann architectures, is inefficient when memory and compute are partitioned together. Commonly referred to as the weight transport problem, each neuron's dependence on the weights and errors located deeper in the network requires reading the weights in each layer before computing and applying the error. This presents a key challenge in performing efficient on chip training for non von-Neumann architectures. In this work we demonstrate an alternative to backpropagation called sparse direct feedback alignment which bypasses the weight transport problem. We simulate crossbars of HfOx RRAM based on experimental data to explore the performance, area, and energy trade-offs of using bio-plausible algorithms on the MNIST and EMNIST datasets.


Abstract : The AT-4 is a man-portable, 84-mm antiarmor weapon designed by the FFV Co. of Sweden who is represented in the United States by Honeywell Corp. This AT-4 evaluation was conducted in two parts. The first part addressed its durability, ruggedness, and compatibility with the marine rifleman's fighting load. This took place on the USAHEL (US Army Human Engineering Laboratory) cross-country and mobility/portability course. The second part examines the time it took marines to prepare the weapon for firing, and the frequency and type of errors they made during the preparation. Recommendations are made to improve the ruggedness, durability, and operational suitability of the AT-4. The AT-4 was found to be a rugged weapon that is fast and easy to prepare for firing. It was enthusiastically endorsed by the Marine test participants even though it is significantly larger and heavier than the lightweight antiarmor weapon (M72A1) with which they were familiar. Originator-supplied keywords include: Antitank weapons, Recoilless rifle, and Infantry weapons.


In terahertz band device, such as a terahertz wave generator and the terahertz wave detector, it provides an excellent device for terahertz band device properties can be exhibited and a manufacturing method thereof. In the terahertz band device element for generating or detecting terahertz waves, the crystal orientation of (110), (111) or orientation having an electro-optical effect, thickness 5 to 100 [mu] m, the surface roughness is 1μm or less ZnTe and to include a single crystal substrate. Further, the plate-like holding member having one or more openings, and so as to constitute an element for terahertz device by sticking a ZnTe single crystal substrate such that the opening is covered.


It was hypothesized that approach toward an environment and the desire to affiliate there are influenced by the emotion-eliciting quality of that environment. In two studies, undergraduates (N = 200, 310) rated these two behaviors in response to settings shown via color photographic slides. As predicted, approach toward the setting was determined by (a) a main effect of its pleasantness, (b) an interaction effect such that approach varied directly with arousing quality of the setting in pleasant settings, but inversely with arousing quality in unpleasant settings (with a significant reversal, however, from moderate to high arousal in unpleasant settings), and (c) a weak inverted-U relationship with arousing quality in neutrally pleasant-unpleasant settings such that approach was greatest in moderately arousing settings.


run off until the pressure is subnormal. If the procedure gives rehef it may be repeated as necessary. The other measure which may be employed is the intravenous injectioii of hypertonic salinie-50 to 100 c.em. of a 15 per cent. solution is the dose usually givei. The effect is to shrink the brain by absorption into the blood stream of its extravascutlar fluid conitents. This effect is temporary, and the procedute imay lave to be repeated at intervals of two days. An alternative and simpler method of obtaining a simtilar result i.s to give a saturated solution of magnesium sulphate, 3 oz. in 6 oz. of water, by the rectum. This neds to be retained for half anl hour if it is to be effective. In the later stages the treatmuent is the same as for minor coIntusion. The symptom.s of mliinoI contusion should be treated in the first plaec3 by rest in bed. Thle position of choice should be decided by experiinent. In most cases the patient is most comfortable when sitting propped up, aid, if so, should be eniabled to sleep in this position. Cases will be foutnd, however, in which thie patient will discover for himself some otlher position which is the optimum, and he should be encouraged to persist in it. He should be protected fromti bright light anid noise; visitor s should be excluded or strictly limited. An ordinary light diet may be giveni, but alcohol should be forbiddeni. A sufficient dose of miiagniesium sulpliate should be given daily to secure a fluid evacuatioii. If the patient is at all inclined to be restless by day a brominde mixture should be given. Aspirin, 10 grains at need,i may be administered for relief of headache, and chloioal or medinal atiiiglht for sleeplessness. This regime should be maintaille(d until the patient has been free from sy-nptoms for a day or two. He should then get uip for all houir or two eaclh day and have more. latitude in regard to visitors. In this way he should be permitted to return step by step to an ordinary quiet mode of livinig, etingg puit back a stage should there be any tendency to r-elapse with increasing activity. When he is able to live in the ordinary way without symptoms he should be enicouraged to subject himself to more stress by means of physical anid mental eXertion, in order that he may test hia capacity for a fuilly active life. This is especially importanit in the case of a imanual worker. Treated by these means the majority of patients sulffering from symiptomis of minor contusioni make complete recover-ies. The outl'ook is not so good in cases where thle early story has beeni that of nmajor' conitusion. I haves nlotes of a SCr-ics of 80 patients wlho have been lnuder nmy care with symptomis of cerebral contusion and lhave replied to a recent inquiry as to their present state. This iniquity w-as limited to cases in whicll at least onje year hiad elapsedl sinco thte accidenit. All were cases referred to me, either in holspital 01r priivato practice, on account of syimiptonis wlijch had persisted despite the simpler methods of treatment. They represeit, therefore, a group from whiclh theo mild and quickly recovering cases of minor contusion have beemi exeluded. Of these 80 patients, 48, or 22.5 per cent., stated that thley 1had miale a cominplete recovery. (Of 71 who wXere depenidcit for their livelihood on regular employmient: 33 (46.5 per cent.) were able to return to full work. 31 (43.5 per cent.) were able to returnt to light work. 7 (10.0 per cent.) were totally incapacitated. These patients miiay be divided inito those with major and those with Iminlor contutsioni. Of 54 witlh nminor contusion: 28 (52 per cent.) were able to retuln to full work. 24 (44 per cent.) were able to retuirn to light work. 2 (4 per cent.) were totally incapacitated. Of 17 witlh major contusion: 5 (29.5 per cent.) were able to return to full work. 7 (41 per cent.) were able to return to light work. 5 (29.5 per cent.) were totally incapacitated. These figures show that in the case of a major contusion the chances of the patient being able to return to his full work are. less thanl one in three, and there is the same chance of total inlcapacity. In cases of lesser injury, there is an even chance of the patient beinlg able to return to full work, and a very small risk of total incapacity. For purposes of obtaining these figures, tlle lcriteri&n taken for a diagnosis of major conLtusion was that the patient should have been in a state of uncon-sciousness, or partial unconsciousness, for more than twenty-four kours following the injury. In cases of persistent contusion headache unrelieved by medical treatment, surgical decompression has been advocated. I have seen this in one or two cases attended with considerable success, in others with none. The result may possibly depend upon a choice of the correct moment at which the procedure should be undertaken. I shall hope to hear more of this method of treatmeit from others with greater experience of it.


In the paper toxicity assessment of hospital wastewaters samples was performed using direct-contact tests consisting of five species, which represent three different trophic levels of the food chain. IC 50 or EC 50 val- ues were estimated for each tested organism: Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata IC 50/72h 18.77%, Daphnia magna EC50/48h 20.76%, Thamnocephalus platyurus EC50/24h 22.62%, Artemia salina EC50/24h 59.87% and Vibrio fisheri EC 50/15min 46.17%. Toxic potential of hospital wastewater was described using a system of wastewater toxicity classification. The toxic units (TU) values estimated for each test indicate that hospital wastewaters are toxic (Class III). The variable results of the tests' sensitivity confirmed the need of application of microbiotests bat- tery with organisms of different trophic levels.


Increasingly after the 90s scholars acknowledge a major shift in the crime control industry. This post-welfare or late modernity approach is characterized by populism, punitivism, high prison rates, extended community control and so on (see for instance Garland, 2001). Although these observations are based mainly on the US or UK experience they are understood as global trends in the penal policy and practice. Starting from these premises, John Pratt published an award winning two-part article in the British Journal of Criminology (2008 a, b) where he describes the Nordic countries as having a different 'culture of control' and therefore he calls the phenomenon as 'Scandinavian exceptionalism'. Briefly, in the first part, he argues that the low prison rates and the relatively human prison conditions in the Scandinavian countries lend support to the idea that Scandinavian countries escape somehow from the global trends towards more punitive mood. He goes on to explain that this resistance is due to the 'highly egalitarian cultural values and social structures in these countries' (Pratt, 2008: 120). In the second part of his paper, Pratt examines the more recent trends in penal policy in the Nordic states and notes that the same factors that contributed to the penal excesses elsewhere are now affecting the Nordic states: less confidence in experts, decline in trust in government, increase media reporting and so on. At the same time the welfare system of the Scandinavian countries is restructuring and failing to be as inclusive as it used to be in the past. These variations seem to come together with a different set of values that promote intolerance, social exclusion and populist punitivity.


The intended user, involved in an automobile accident, desires an electric wheelchair with capability of lifting the user to a position wherein the user can reach elevated objects that cannot normally be reached from a sitting position. Get-Up and Go accomplishes this by fitting the client's existing wheelchair with wheel drive motors and a motorized seat lift mechanism.


2-Vinylfuran derivatives undergo regiocontrolled Pauson–Khand
reaction, in which the furan exerts the dominant directing influence, to
furnish 5-(2-furyl)cyclopent-2-enones, overwhelming the strong directing
effects of a homoallylic thioether and appearing to inhibit intramolecular
reaction in which bridging constraints are in opposition to the directing
influence of the 2-furyl substituent.