Objective:To study the changes of serum prealbumin(PA) in differents liver diseases and its relationship to the liver function in patients with liver disease.Methods:With the immune turbidimetry,the serum prealbumin and routine liver function of 342 patients in different liver diseases were detected by 7150 fully automatic biochemical analysor(made by Rili in Japan).Results:Compared with nornal person the difference was no significant except slight chronic hepatitis B(P0.05),the serum prealbumin in the others was much lower tnan that in the control group(P0.01 or P0.005);Compared between different oiver diseases,the difference between compensation period of cirrhosis and liver cancer and acute hepatitis was no significant(P0.05),but the difference was significant between wevere chronic hepatitis B and decompensation period of cirrhosis(P0.05),and so it was between the rest liver diseases(P0.01).Conclusion:The serum prealbumin is not only one of early sensitivity indices of liver cell damage,but also a effective index for differentiating different liver diseases in different stages.It has considerable significance on diagnosis of acute hepatitis,chronic hepatitis,cirrhosis and liver cancer in different stages,observation of the effect and judgement of prognosis,especially in combining with the detection of ALT and other routine liver function.


Abstract : This thesis describes the development of a parallel GaAs FET amplifier configuration for the Transient Electromagnetic Scattering Range at the Naval Postgraduate School. The implementation of the parallel amplifier configuration improved the bandwidth and the signal-to-noise ratio of the range. Existing software was used to process signals scattered from canonical targets. When interpreted, this data was used to optimize the new amplifier configuration. The upgraded facility is shown to provide measurements having excellent agreement with theoretically predicted signatures of simple canonical shapes. A significant improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio and bandwidth of scattered signature vis-a-vis that of the previous laboratory configuration is observed. Results are documented for a target library created to facilitate research into a number of scattering problems. Keywords: Radar cross section; Transient scattering; Signature.


The purpose of this chapter is to describe detailed procedures for determining the data collection and sampling methods in a mixed methods study. The nuances of selecting data collection strategies and sampling techniques are explained in a practical way. The points of decision, factors to consider, and methods for weighing the advantages and disadvantages are provided along with tables that can be completed to organize the planning process. The overall design process for a mixed methods study is described to provide the context for the in-depth discussion about data collection and sampling. A fictional study is used as an example to illustrate how to apply the procedure to identify the optimal data sources for a mixed methods study.


The aqueous solubility of potassium dihydrogen citrate from 15 to 55°C has been determined. From these data the heat of solution has been calculated to be 8.10 kcal/mol. The densities of saturated solutions of potassium dihydrogen citrate from 15 to 55°C are also reported. A previously unreported dihydrate ― KH 2 C 6 H 5 O 7 •2H 2 O ― has been discovered. Potassium dihydrogen citrate readily tends to form supersaturated solutions, which are sometimes stable for weeks


Why was the name of Seth Mokitimi chosen for the new Southern African Methodist ministerial training institution? What was his connection and contribution to education in general and theological education in particular? Mokitimi is introduced, his significance is described, and his legacy is outlined. The new seminary with its motto: "Forming transforming leaders for church and nation", intends to embody the Moktimi legacy for the benefit not only of the Methodist Church, nor of South Africa alone, but for the benefit of church and society throughout the whole Southern African subcontinent.


The objectives of this paper are: (1) identify contributions already made on the topic of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship in different areas of research, through a systematic literature review; (2) define the concepts and empirical indicators and evidence used for each contribution; (3) develop the outlines of conceptual model integrating several aspects of current understandings; (4) discuss the implications for public policy.


The agricultural production management is a notably complex phenomenon, which requires consideration of heterogeneous aspects of production, environment and human life. One of the main factors of increasing productivity and improving quality of agriculture is the spread and introduction of modern science, technology, technologies, provide agricultural producers and rural population for the management of services, marketing, application of modern technology and development in the village, increasing knowledge and practical skills profitable entity. It is impossible to implement without usage of the modern tools (information technologies) of efficient and rational advice and decision-making. This paper present approaches for dissemination of agricultural knowledge and information, which based on modern tools of description, storage, processing and delivery information and knowledge resources. The heterogeneous information environment, which realize agrarian deployment environment and work both in mobile, and Web environment, can support these tasks. Components of implementation of the heterogeneous information environment are include: databases and knowledge base, elements of reference systems, expert systems, geoinformation systems and decision support systems. The heterogeneous information environment give possibility design and production of printed publications by templates and integration of appropriated knowledge and data; smart intelligent interactive applications on media storage. Presented approaches support farmer's activities and give possibilities of support functional integration of advice and decision-making processes; interdisciplinary integration of agrarian information and knowledge; access to the information and applications, outgoing from needs and competence of the user; reliable, scalable and safe architecture; integration of resources.


The process has the steps that food wastes are filter-pressed in a filter press for solid-liquid separation; oil and water are naturally separated through an oil-water separator; the separated oil is used for preparing biodiesel; solid residuals are added with glucoamyLase and microbial strains for saccharification together with fermentation after being liquefied and sterilized; the product from the fermentation process can be distilled so as to obtain alcohol base fuel and high-protein feed and can also be extracted and fermented together with microorganisms by means of biodiesel to prepare alcohol base fuel; and the base solution in a distillation kettle can reach the national emission standards after being processed with photosynthetic bacteria. The process has the characteristics that nutrients and residual liquid in food waste are fully recycled, and differences between ingredients in the food waste are utilized to regenerate various products, thereby lowering product cost and meeting the requirements for the development of circular economy.


Objective To establish the method for quality control of Zhike Huatan Tablets.Methods TLC was performed to identify Pinelliae Rhizoma,Cinnamomi Ramulus,Sinapis Semen,Houttuyniae Herba,Scutellariae Radix,Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma,Forsythiae Fructus in the tablets preparations.HPLC was used to determine the content of hesperidin.Results The TLC identification was highly specific.The method of content determination was simple and accurate.The linearity of hesperidin was obtained over the range of 89.9-1618.2 ng(r=0.999 98).The average recovery of hesperidin was 97.86 % with RSD of 1.30 %(n=9).Conclusion This quality standard can be effective in the quality control of Zhike Huatan Tablets.


This field, architectural and ethnographic study deals with Sabha town in the Northern Badia of Jordan, which is rich in its civilizational cultural Inheritance. This town was chosen for the study because it contains various heritages, cultural sources and embodied by its traditional dwellings, Collectibles and tools founded and owned by bucolic Bedouin community settled with the early twenties of the last century that adopted pastoral mode of production, cultivation of dry grain in his daily life style. The Community has built its fixed stone dwelling to establish lasting stability in the site that helped him to satisfy his basic needs as shelter, saving holders and work equipment. The study documents, describes and analyzes the traditional architecture, the elements of physical culture and attempt to reveal cultural heritage to employ it in the development of local community.


Reducing the risk of predation is an important feature of the feeding behaviour of most animals. In social insects, foraging workers are particularly vulnerable, and the ability to trade-off mortality risk against food value may provide a considerable competitive advantage for the colony. We investigated the response of Argentine ants, Linepithema humile, to different kinds of disturbance while workers foraged on food of differing quality. The behaviour of disturbed individuals was influenced by group size, by the behaviour of nearby nestmates and by how much food had already been consumed. When in large groups, workers were less likely to leave the foraging arena and resumed feeding more rapidly. This response was even more marked among workers whose gasters were only partially replete. However, individuals took more time to resume feeding and became more likely to run away from a food source when greater numbers of ants were disturbed. These influences may allow foraging groups to maximise food intake while minimising the mortality of workers. J eE Z . H dl D c fo t


ORGANELLE GENOME STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION . GENOME PACKAGING: POPULATIONS WITHIN POPULATIONS . INTRACELLULAR POPULATION GENETICS: INPUT EFFECTS AND BIAS . Input Effects in Yeast . Chlamydomonas: Two Copies or Many? . Other Systems . INTRACELLULAR POPULATION GENETICS: RECOMBINATION .. yeast . Chlamydomonas . Other Systems . INTRACELLULAR POPULATION GENETICS: RANDOM DRIFT .. Random Drift of Gene Frequencies due to SMA G. . Random Drift of Gene Frequencies due to Random Replication of DNA Molecules . VEGETATIVE SEGREGATION . Vegetative Segregation as a General Law of Organelle Genetics .. Hypothetical Models for Vegetative Segregation . Testing the Models . UNIPARENTAL INHERITANCE .. Uniparental Inheritance as a General Law of Organelle Genetics . Mechanisms of Uniparental Inheritance . STATUS OF THE FIELD AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS .. +3147


BALLYMONEY is a market town of approximately six thousand inhabitants situated near the north coast of Northern Ireland. A purpose-built health centre serves the needs of 12,800 patients in the town and the surrounding area. Two practices share the facilities with other health care workers. The practice studied had 9,180 patients and there were three full-time principals and one trainee assistant. In addition there were two health visitors and two district nurses attached. For the past fourteen years all patients in the practice re.-ching the age of sixty-five years have been offered an opportunity for an examination of their state of health and social needs. This work is undertaken by health visitors and district nurses and referrals are made to the general practitioner or to social services as necessary. This work and other aspects of the programme of care of the elderly have been reported by Burns.l. 2 The present study set out to obtain information about the extreme elderly a group not previously studied in detail. METHOD


Two types of parents request fetal sex identification by amniocentesis: the first group risk transmitting a sex-linked hereditary disorder and the second want to select the gender of their next child. Physicians generally encourage the first type of parent but discourage the second. Prenatal diagnosis for sex choice is controversial because of ethical objections to the use of abortion for such a reason and because of the question of whether amniocentesis, a scarce medical resource, can prudently be used for this purpose.1 The issue is complex and involves many competing ethical claims. I have re-evaluated my position on this issue . . .


This paper presents a joint research project between Victoria University of Wellington's School of Architecture and Design and the Wellington-based architectural practice Studio Pacific Architecture. The computer-aided thermal modelling of residential buildings currently remains outside the bounds of conventional architectural practice, leaving architectural practitioners to rely on traditional 'rules of thumb' for evaluating the thermal performance of their designs. This paper presents preliminary research into the application of thermal modelling software as a tool for the designer to better evaluate the complexities of thermal performance than through conventional means. Using the modelling software AccuRate NZ, eight recent residential projects of Studio Pacific Architecture were modelled and analysed in terms of their thermal insulation, construction materials and glazing to wall ratio to determine the efficacy and relationship of each component and to better understand how each measure can be employed to respond to the specific conditions of each architectural project. Conference theme: Sustainability issues


The invention provides a shift register unit, a gate drive circuit, a drive method of the gate drive circuit, and a display panel. The shift register unit comprises an input end, a reset end, an output end, an input module, a pull-down module, a pull-down control module, and an output pull-up module or an output pull-down module. Each module in the shift register unit only executes the specific voltage pull-up or pull-down function, and therefore can be formed by a single N-type TFT or a single P-type TFT. Compared with a CMOS, an LTPS and a GOA in the prior art, the shift register unit and the gate drive circuit have the advantages of being simple in structure, complete in function, and high in quality and reliability, the process is simple and easy to implement, the product cost can be reduced easily, and the application and the popularization of the CMOS, the LTPS and the GOA are promoted.


Based on the practical conditions of English teaching in High Vocational College,cultural input to students through the method of intercultural communication is a major way to improve the students' English standard and the English teaching efficiency.Teachers should clarify the importance of cultural input to the students and guide them to know the difference of languages,and then realize the right and standard cultural input.


In an analog workflow, corruption is much more difficult to control. For example, at the beginning of 2009, President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo asked BIR to audit businesses in the Philippines for potential errors in tax reporting. The national statistics revealed that more business development and business renewals occurred in 2008 than in 2007. Yet BIR's total revenue was much less in 2008 than in 2007. Although statistics cannot support a claim that graft increased during the audit period, individual interviews with business owners suggested that officials accepted payments to reduce the tax fees of some businesses. The end result was that, although the President anticipated additional revenue from BIR's audit, the fees and infraction costs were actually lower than expected. •


Applying the theory of geographic information images and the dynamic models of land use,this paper constructs the images of land use change in Xianning City from 1996 to 2005,with the help of RS and GIS,and analyzes the land use change in the research area from 1996 to 2005 and measures the ecological effects.The results of the research indicate that cultivated land,unused land were shrinking,forest land and construction land growing,forest land increase being the largest,and that dynamic change of construction land was the most prominent,followed by that of cultivated land during the study period.The change of land use resulted in an increase of 1.78×10~8 yuan in the ecosystem services value(ESV).The paper concludes that the largest change in land use is in the conversion from cultivated land to forest land and from cultivated land to construction land.The negative effect caused by construction occupation of cultivated has been offset by the positive effect in converting cropland to forest land.With the adjustment of land use structure,land ecological service quantity of the whole city first declined and then rose and remains steady.The empirical analysis proves that geographic information images analysis based on RS and GIS can help solve the problems of the spatial-temporal change in land use and ecological effect quantification effectively.


Our aim is to give an explicit expression of the cumulative density function of an absorbed stochastic process at terminal time T. This process is the wealth process induced by holding a stock following a geometric Brownian motion and investing this amount in the money market account as soon as the stock hits a lower, time-dependent threshold.


For more and more newly established B2C firms,it is vital whether trust services provided by third parties can influence consumers' trust and enhance their purchasing intention or not.This research employs an experimental study to test the effects of three typical trust services-security and privacy service,rating service and the escrow service-on consumers' purchase intentions,to reveal their impacts on consumers' initial trust and perceived risk.The result of study showed that three trust service mechanisms had significant effects on initial trust in the e-shop and no significant impacts on perceived risk.Furthermore,it was found that perceived risk plays a partial mediating role in the relationship between initial trust and purchase intentions.


An experimental scheme is developed to study medium noise properties at various off-track positions. Amplitude fluctuation and transition jitter are studied by projecting the measured noise onto the two leading noise modes: amplitude fluctuation and position jitter. Comparison with the directly measured waveform shows that these two modes well represent the actual amplitude and position fluctuations and that these two modes dominate the entire noise distribution. The magnitudes corresponding to both modes increase with off-track position. Off-track dependence of the power percentages from the two leading noise modes for dibit transitions is investigated in detail. This dependence is found to be influenced by the noise level of the disk as well as the sequence of the dibit pattern, i.e., Hard-Easy (HE) and Easy-Hard (EH).


By the historical and methodological pondering over the development process of modern physics,based on the research work done by Arndt,Zurek,Brune,Myatt and so on,the problem of the wave-particle duality,the boundary between classic physics(world)and quantum physics(world)and the quantum decoherence of object particles is extended to the boundary of electromagnetic fields between classic and quantum in this paper.Thus a Lorentz-Compton paradox is discovered and a feasible,sensitive and dual-success crucial experiment is designed.The analysis above shows that the experiment would give impetus to physics,no matter what result(positive or negative)it may bring about.Therefore,a crucial experiment that might lead the direction of physics development is given,and a vivid case that the historical and methodological thinking on the study of sciences drives it into success is presented in our paper.


Human body models representing the medical and engineering properties are becoming an important part in various fields such as military, medical, industrial and sports. However most of the human models used in such fields are based on European or American bodies. Therefore it has been reported that engineering analysis and simulation results for Koreans are not proper. In this paper, we propose a deformable parametric human model of Korean based on the principal parameters of height and weight which compose the segment and skeleton models for the standard bodies. For this, we divide the human body into individual 19 segments which are joined at the positions representing the physical 17 joints. Then the segment and skeleton models are parametrically defined to include key dimensions of a human body. The models can be scaled using the regression equations to represent different body shapes based on height and weight


A petroleum wax has been extracted from crude oil and fractionated into two parts, depending on its solubility in methyl isobutyl ketone–toluene solvent at temperatures of 298 and 313 K. The wax and its two derivatives have been analyzed for composition and crystalline nature using various techniques including gas chromatography, NMR and X-ray diffraction. It has been observed that the crystalline structure of the fractionally precipitated waxes is significantly different from the structure of the parent wax present in the crude oil.


Here we present the implications of energy transfer in photoinduced degradation of perovskite solar cells by discussing the hot carrier relaxation via broadband femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Introduction Lead halide-based perovskite solar cells have drawn considerable interest because of their high efficiency at room temperature. For applications, a major limitation of these systems is their poor stability under ambient conditions and their degradation upon prolonged exposure to heat and sunlight. However, the nature of photo-induced degradation is still unclear. Femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy has been commonly used for investigation of ultrafast carrier dynamics [1,2]. In this study, we investigate the carrier dynamics of CH3NH3PbI3 with continuous photo-illumination. After light irradiation, the changes in carrier dynamics were clearly observed, which further reveals the mechanism of the degradation of perovskite solar cells under light exposure. 2. Results and Discussion To understand the carrier dynamics of photo-induced degradation in perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3 films on TiO2), we employed femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The perovskite solar cells were tested under light exposed inside a glove box. The pump pulse can generate the non-equilibrium carriers and the difference absorbance of probe can reveal the ultrafast relaxation processes. Figures 1(a) and 1(b) exhibit the transient difference absorbance spectra at different probing wavelengths before and after the light exposure on perovskite thin films, respectively. The negative parts of difference absorbance in both spectra are related to the photobleach (PB) mechanism. Usually, PB occurs when excited states are over populated or there are valence electron deficiencies, which prevents the interband transitions from valence band to conduction band. The bleach signal decays as carriers recombine or inject into TiO2 [3] The negative signal observed after 700 nm in both samples could be related to fluorescent emission from perovskite. Fig. 1 The transient difference absorbance spectra at different probing wavelengths in CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 (a) before and (b) after light exposed. The transient difference absorbance spectra at each wavelength can be resolved by fitting the following tri-exponential function: The difference absorbance spectra show several important features which are different between the cases of non-exposed and exposed perovskite thin films. The time constants in non-exposed CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 are τ1 = 19 ps, τ2 = 247 ps and τ3 = 4167 ps while the time constants for exposed CH3NH3PbI3/TiO2 are τ1 = 35 ps, τ2 = 245 ps and τ3 = 1954 ps. The shortest exponential decay (τ1) indicates trap filling at defect sites and grain boundaries. The τ1 of exposed-perovskite film is nearly 2 times longer than that of the non-exposed perovskite film. The result indicates the photo-excited carriers in the exposed perovskite film would be significantly trapped in grain boundaries under photo-illuminated degradation. Besides, the photoexcited carriers could transfer from perovskite active layer to TiO2 layer with time constant τ2. Interestingly, the injection of photoexcited carriers from perovskite active layer to TiO2 layer is independent on the light exposure. PS-15-11 Extended Abstracts of the 2017 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, Sendai, 2017, pp1099-1100


On 23 January 2006, the US Navy's biggest military vessel, the nuclear powered USS Ronald Reagan, arrived in Brisbane for a five-day visit. With estimates that the 6,000 strong crew would pump around $5 million into the local economy, the media, businesses and politicians welcomed the visit as a fabulous opportunity for the city. The Brisbane Peace Convergence, a coalition of local peace groups, disagreed and attempted a water-borne protest. The police intercepted the flotilla of kayaks and rowboats before they even got close to the USS Ronald Reagan because the entire Brisbane River had been declared an exclusion zone. This action and other acts of public protest in response to the ship's rubbish washing up on the shores of Moreton Bay and the Sunshine Coast were given little press coverage.


This paper addresses the social and environmental impact of river rafting industry with special focus on river Ganges. It revolves around, identification and characterisation of the possible impacts on a larger perspective which will provide a better opportunity for the perspective inclusion of the industry in context of the country's sustainable growth and development. Accordingly by these projections a directional approach can be devised for reducing the adverse impacts and synchronize the project to provide opportunity for the rural destitute. The spatial focus for the study was Kaudiyala -Tapovan Ecotourism Zone on passage to Himalayas along river Ganges, Uttarakhand, India. The focussed information was collected through questionnaire for primary data, from randomly selected individual i.e. local people, primary (camp management) and secondary professionals (local shop owners, employees, etc.) of the industry; likewise some other relevant data were assessed by collecting disclosure of population in groups. Overall, the pertinent discussions encompassed twenty rafting camps, during 2008–2010 and the secondary data from some state agencies. The total camps in the region was around 74 in 2008–09 with camp area of 0.18 million m2, which has increased 90 times in last one and half decades. The number of tourists enjoying rafting varies with seasons and comprises 32% foreigners and 68% national. The result indicates that due to improper management and lack of directional approach from state agencies, the potential contribution of the industry remained quiet minimal for socio-economic development in the remote region. The impact on the local identity and traditional culture though moderate were also apparent and reported by locals. Environmentally, it lacks the monitoring of solid waste management generated from kitchen to defecation within submergence zone. These impacts are discussed in a matrix form with their explanations and elaborations based on field observations.


This thesis evaluates storm surge disaster prevention and disaster mitigation of coastal cities in Shandong Province.First,we create storm surge disaster prevention and disaster mitigation evaluation index system,considering the natural protection,monitoring and early warning capacity,disaster protecting capacity,recovery and reconstruction capabilities.Secondly,we use AHP and Critic Combination methods to determine the weight of the indicators,and then introduce the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to calculate the cities of the composite score.We get the conclusion based on the scores of each city:Qingdao,Yantai and Weifang have better disaster prevention and mitigation capacity,Weihai and Dongying have medium disaster prevention and mitigation capacity;Binzhou and Rizhao have lower disaster prevention and mitigation.Finally, based on the evaluation results of storm surge disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities,we propose relevant policy recommendations.


Abstract Background  Menopause is a physiological event that marks the end of a woman's reproductive stage in life. Vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood are among its most important effects. Homeopathy has been used for many years in treating menopausal complaints, though clinical and pre-clinical research in this field is limited. Homeopathy often bases its prescription on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but it is unknown if homeopathic medicines (HMs) exert a neuroendocrine effect that causes an improvement in vasomotor symptoms and mood during menopause. Objectives  The study's objectives were to address the pathophysiological changes of menopause that could help in the understanding of the possible effect of HMs at a neuroendocrine level, to review the current evidence for two of the most frequently prescribed HMs for menopause ( Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis ), and to discuss the future directions of research in this field. Methods  An extensive literature search for the pathophysiologic events of menopause and depression, as well as for the current evidence for HMs in menopause and depression, was performed. Results  Neuroendocrine changes are involved in the pathophysiology of vasomotor symptoms and changes in mood during menopause. Gonadal hormones modulate neurotransmitter systems. Both play a role in mood disorders and temperature regulation. It has been demonstrated that Gelsemium sempervirens , Ignatia amara and Chamomilla matricaria exert anxiolytic effects in rodent models. Lachesis mutus and Sepia officinalis are frequently prescribed for important neuropsychiatric and vasomotor symptoms. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in mood, is among the constituents of the ink of the common cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis . Conclusion  Based on all the pathophysiologic events of menopause and the improvement in menopausal complaints that certain HMs show in daily practice, these medicines might have a direct or indirect neuroendocrine effect in the body, possibly triggered via an as-yet unidentified biological mechanism. Many unanswered questions in this field require further pre-clinical and clinical research.


As a new intelligent material, IPMC (Ionic polymer-metal composite) can be driven under low voltage with large deformation, and has been widely used in biomedical and robotic systems. Traditional IPMC testing system is bulky, high cost, and inconvenient to use. In order to achieve the portability and convenience of the IPMC testing system, a small and low-cost IPMC tester was designed. The power supply and control system of the tester were integrated into an IPMC electrode clamp. The main research work included control system circuit design, electrode clamp and overall exterior design. The displacement measurement results showed that the design for the IPMC tester was correct and feasible.


Sherds from the Chalcolithic levels at Teleilat Ghassul show evidence of a considerable degree of sophistication in pottery technology and design. The bodies are almost certainly made from a siliceous illitic clay which contained some calcium carbonate, and was obtained locally. Some unusual, yet common, sherds are composed of highly vitrified black bodies with a surface wash of a refractory white clay. These sherds indicate the production of one of the earliest known totally vitrified ceramic fabrics. The latter sherds have been examined in some detail by chemical, thermal and X-ray analysis, and optical and scanning electron microscopy.


Johnson SB, Lee H‐S, Baxter J, Lernmark B, Roth R, Simell T for the TEDDY Study Group. The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study: predictors of early study withdrawal among participants with no family history of type 1 diabetes.


A number of special issues and sections are on the horizon for the Journal of Aerospace Engineering. We are pleased to announce that we have invited a number of respected researchers to contribute papers for inclusion in upcoming issues and sections. "In Situ Resource Utilization" (ISRU) will feature papers that provide overviews of ISRU and papers in the following areas: beneficiation; drilling, excavation, and mining; structures, site preparation, and construction; and analogues and stimulants for extraplanetary soils. This special issue is being edited by Haym Benaroya of Rutgers University and Philip Metzger and Tony Muscatello, both from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Kennedy Space Center. "Intelligent Unmanned Systems"will be dedicated to research in the design, development, testing, and operation of unmanned aerial vehicles, with a focus on the following areas: actuators/smart sensors and their applications, including smart microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)/nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) sensors and vision sensors; and control theories and their applications, including various control theories, distributed or decentralized control methods, distributed and embedded systems, precision motion control, and swarm operation. The guest editors for this special section are Agus Budiyono of Konkuk University, Korea; Bambang Riyanto of Institut Teknologi Bandung, Indonesia; and Hoon Cheol Park of Konkuk University. "Hydraulic and Earth Structures" will focus on issues facing engineers involved in construction and operations in challenging environments as they seek to achieve sustainable development on earth, in space, and on other planetary bodies. In particular, the topics associated with hydraulic structures and materials will be the focus, and they include water flow and sediment transport, GIS for potential disaster detection, seismic capacity of high arch dam, and soilbags for slope treatment. This special section is edited by Pizhong Qiao of Washington State University and Zhongru Wu of Hohai University, China. "Seventy Years of Aerospace Research and Technology Excellence at NASA Glenn Research Center" will celebrate the anniversary of this historic NASA facility located in Cleveland, Ohio. The issue will focus on the research activities over the last seven decades in the following areas: aeropropulsion; power and in-space propulsion; communication, instrumentation, and controls; materials and structures; and microgravity and space environments. The special issue is being edited by Robert Goldberg of NASA Glenn Research Center. We look forward to bringing you these exciting issues in the months to come.


Hierarchical organizations of information processing in the brain networks have been known to exist and widely studied. The main technique of conventional approaches, which extracts pairwise hierarchical relationships by utilizing observable anatomical criteria based on noninvasive tract tracing experiments, cannot be extended to apply to the study of human brains. Therefore, we need to design a new methods computing hierarchy levels given the limited amount of hierarchical information. In this study, we suggest a new framework that can discover hierarchical structures of the brain networks with only the connectivity matrix and hierarchical information of a very few areas.


Rationale:
 Pericytes contribute to the formation, maturation and stabilization of blood vessels, making them indispensable for proper cardiovascular organ function. Although long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are pivotal in cardiovascular development, their role in pericytes has so far been neglected.

 Objective:
 Here we assessed the hypothesis that lncRNAs significantly regulate pericyte function.

 Methods and Results:
 Via RNA deep sequencing we show that the hypoxia induced lncRNA TYKRIL (Tyrosine Kinase Receptor Inducing lncRNA) modulates expression of the tumor suppressor p53 and Platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRß) in human pericytes. Luciferase reporter arrays demonstrated that silencing of TYKRIL with GapmeRs (0.22+0.04 vs. scramble Ctrl., n=8, P<0.001) significantly enhances activity of p53 (2.9+0.55 fold induction vs. scramble Ctrl., n=3, P=0.0103). TYKRIL knockdown increased acetylation of the p53 lysine residue K382, which is known to be required for p53 activation. TYKRIL silencing downregulated the known p53 target PDGFRß (protein expression: 0.46+0.08 vs. Ctrl., n=4, P<0.001) which consecutively disrupted AKT and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Thereby, pericyte viability (MTT cell viability: 0.8+0.03 vs. Ctrl., n=3, P<0.01), proliferation (Ki67 proliferation index fold change 0.71+0.05 vs. Ctrl., n=6, P<0.001) and recruitment towards endothelial cells in matrigel co-culture assays was markedly reduced (fold change 0.37+0.03 vs. Ctrl., n=5-7, P<0.001). In turn, silencing of p53 reversed these effects (MTT cell viability: TYKRIL knockdown + scramble 0.7+0.04; TYKRIL knockdown + siRNAp53 0.94+0.04, n=11-12, P<0.01).

 In patients with ischemic heart failure (n=18), cardiac TYKRIL and PDGFRß expression are significantly reduced compared to controls (TYKRIL vs. Ctrl. 0.01+0.005, P<0.001; PDGFRß mRNA expression: 0.44+0.11, P<0.05).

 Conclusion:
 Our results identify TYKRIL as a pro-angiogenic lncRNA that is down-regulated by ischemic heart failure and significantly regulates pericyte viability and recruitment towards endothelial cells by repression of p53 activity and stabilization of PDGFRß signalling.


A technological solution, frequently used to suppress lateral vibrations in rotating machines, consists in adding the damping devices between the rotor and its frame. This is enabled by the traditional squeeze film dampers (SFDs). The main parts of the traditional SFD include two concentric rings with a thin layer of the lubricating film in between. The outer ring is firmly coupled to the damper body while the inner ring is connected to the rotor journal and damper housing by the rolling element bearing and squirrel cage spring, respectively. A new concept of an integral squeeze film damper (ISFD) is mainly represented by the integrated design that allowed by the electric discharge machining manufacturing process. Unlike the traditional SFD, the ISFD is partitioned into the segments and it does not allow the circumferential flow. The hydrodynamic forces of the ISFD are produced by both the squeezing thin fluid film and the flow resistance at the end seal clearance. The investigated ISFD consists of the 5-segments, each damper segment is fed by a single inlet orifice and the outflow is controlled by the end seal, and the position of the inner damper ring is eccentric. The mass, damping and stiffness coefficients of the investigated ISFD are determined by means of three-dimensional computational fluid dynamic (3D CFD) analysis. The governing equations for the pressure distribution in the lubricating layer of the ISFD include the Navier-Stokes equation and the continuity equation. In the developed 3D CFD model it is assumed that (i) the fluid film is incompressible, (ii) the flow is laminar, and (iii) the heat transfer does not involve into the flow. The commercial ANSYS CFX software was used for solving the pressure and velocity distribution and the hydrodynamic forces acting in the ISFD. The development of the complex 3D CFD model, learning more about the effect of the inertial forces in the ISFD, and the knowledge about the behaviour of the flow are the principal contributions of this article.


Lead-containing tin–bronze is one of the materials commonly used for journal bearings. However, due to the inherent toxicity of lead, environmental regulations around the world have been targeted to eliminate the usage of lead-containing bearing materials. To this end, a novel lead-free journal bearing material has been developed, which is a tin–bronze-based composite with Tribaloy alloy T-401 additive. This article presents a study of tribological behavior of this new material coated on the bushing of planet


A 53-year-old woman underwent Burch colposuspension for stress incontinence. On postoperative day 6 she complained of a dragging pain in the right hip and iliac region, and had an intermittent fever. Ultrasound showed a voluminous paravesical fluid collection on the right side with internal echoes and modest ipsilateral hydronephrosis. Urography revealed nonfunction of the right kidney. Films of the bladder showed the lower lateral right wall to be considerably deformed by an external lesion. Computerized tomography confirmed the presence of a right paravesical lesion of fluid density and ipsilateral hydroureteronephrosis (fig. 1). After placing right percutaneous nephrostomy, antegrade pyeloureterography demonstrated clear interruption of the contrast agent in the perivesical segment of the ureter. Endoscopy revealed the inferolateral bladder wall was considerably raised and covered by apparently normal, healthy mucosa, and the right ureteral papilla was displaced superolaterally. Full thickness resection of this area of the bladder wall allowed the bloody collection, mixed with clots, to drain into the bladder and identification of suture material constricting the ureter (fig. 2). After removal of the suture thread, a Double-J* ureteral stent was positioned via antegrade transnephrostomy. At 2-month followup complete recovery of the right kidney was confirmed on x-ray.


The simultaneous support of electronic and paper-based document handling is a natural demand of current filing and document management systems. To support the better management of search and retrieval functions and to reduce the high costs of digitizing, the Department of Distributed
Systems of SZTAKI analysed the different kinds of error that emerged during the digitization process
of Hungarian documents, and examined how these errors affect the searchability of the digitized
items. For this reason, a testbed was set up that was suitable for the automatic analysis of digitized
texts in a large corpus, and the conclusions and statistics obtained from the analysis were employed
in the development of new content management products. The primary beneficiaries of these are
civil service and higher-education bodies.


Polygonal-shape spring structure was applied in electromagnetic relay in aerospace widely,and higher mechanical environment index value was demanded by the stern working condition.The natural frequency of polygonal-shape spring was analyzed by using transfer matrix method in this paper.The variation of natural frequency with varied polygonal angle and the fixed end position were got.The results show that the vibration resistance of polygonal-shape spring was inferior to straight spring.The conclusions can be used to guide the anti-vibration design of electromagnetic relay.


Identified and analyzed the essence of the concept of public education policy. The considered objectives, subjects and main features of state educational policy of Ukraine.


It is 200 years since chemists first recognized that electricity is what causes atoms to stick together, but early attempts to quantify this process were unproductive. Instead chemists devised an empirical model in which neighboring atoms were connected by bonds but without specifying what forces were involved. A hundred years later physicists discovered atoms and learned how to use the Schrodinger equation with the electrostatic potential to examine the interactions between the atoms, but …


Vascular permeability, regulated by the balanced control of endothelial monolayer integrity, is altered in cancer. We have previously shown that activation of RhoA, a small GTPase, modulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics in endothelial cells, thus regulating the barrier function of the blood vessels. The barrier function is a limiting factor during metastasis, as the cancer cells need to cross the endothelial monolayer twice, during intravasation and extravasation. In this study, we explored the role of endothelial RhoA during the transmigration and metastatic dissemination of melanoma and lung carcinoma cells. We used a highly reproducible and quantifiable transwell‐based model to study trans‐endothelial migration in vitro, where fluorescently‐labelled cancer cells transmigrate through an endothelial monolayer. RhoA and its downstream signaling molecule Rho‐associated protein kinase (ROCK) were blocked by both pharmacological and knockdown approaches. Syngeneic murine melanoma (B16‐F10) and lung carcinoma (LLC‐LL3) cell lines were selected and tested in trans‐endothelial cell migration in vitro and experimental metastasis in vivo. Experimental metastasis experiments were performed through intravenous and intra‐cardiac administration in endothelial‐specific RhoA deficient mice or in the presence of clinically‐relevant ROCK inhibitors. Conditioned medium from both melanoma and cancer cells significantly increased in RhoA activation in primary endothelial cells. In vitro, blockade of endothelial RhoA‐ROCK pathway by either C3 toxin or the ROCK inhibitors decreased the trans‐endothelial migration of both cancer types and knock‐down of RhoA by siRNA in endothelial cells had similar effect. In vivo, decreased number of lung metastases was observed in mice deficient of endothelial RhoA in both intravenous and intra‐cardiac models, when compared to their littermate controls. Furthermore, treatment with a ROCK inhibitor, Fasudil, decreased the metastatic burden in the lungs without any visible toxicity. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of endothelial RhoA as a target for melanoma and lung cancer metastasis.


The way software systems evolve is a process that needs strict and careful tracking, monitoring and evaluation; it is therefore pertinent that software evolutionary cyclical states are tracked, monitored and analyzed to ensure that the process does not get out of control, guaranteeing the stability of the software system as it evolves. This research utilized a statistical process control approach to monitor, track and evaluate whether the change process is in control or not, and discover situations where the process is in or out of kilter. Statistical process control provides the means through which a process stability can be analyzed, controlled and managed. Some of the contributions of this research include the introduction of SCAR metric that allows the collapsing of data about software module maintenance activities over the period in which the software system evolves; and a methodology that helps monitor and track software evolution process guaranteeing that it does not move towards chaos, degradation and decay.


Verbal Working Memory (VWM) specifies the fundamental cognitive components (language computations (LC), short term memory, executive attention (EA)) for sentence comprehension.  Tests for VWM do not assess their differential impairments.  The Computerized Revised Token Test (Reading) (CRTT-R) was administered in normal reading and "Stroop" conditions to controls and persons with aphasia (PWA).  CRTT-R captured the LC and EA components of VWM in both groups.  On-line color word reading times and errors captured the EA effects.  Off-line CRTT-R scores, reading and response times captured the LC effects.  Response time yielded the expected PWA by EA and PWA by LC complexity interactions.


Liquid cattle (Bos taurus) manure should be applied to soils in such a manner that would improve soil fertility and crop production without causing salinity problems or increasing NO - 3 levels. This study investigated the influence of liquid cattle manure on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora) germination, growth, and nutrient utilization. Four treatments were applied in the same plots in a 4-yr field experiment with winter wheat: (i) application of 40 Mg ha -1 yr -1 liquid dairy cattle manure (wet weight basis) before sowing; (ii) single application of 120 and 26 kg ha -1 yr -1 N and P, respectively, as inorganic fertilizers before sowing; (iii) as in ii, but with split application of N, half the amount before sowing and the rest at tillering; and (iv) no fertilization. The biological evaluators used to compare the effect of the treatments were (i) number of seedlings per square meter at tillering for the first year only and (ii) dry biomass at heading and harvest; plant concentration and uptake of N, P, and K; and grain yield for every year of experimentation. The results showed that application of manure did not affect seed germination but resulted in a significant increase in dry biomass at the two growth stages and in grain yield and nutrient uptake, similar to the inorganic N and P fertilization. The amounts of soil available NO 3 -N and P were significantly increased while at the end of the field experiment, soil salinity, organic C, and total N levels remained unchanged.


We obtain explicit expressions for the spread of a pulse in a dispersive medium. Using these results we present a simple physical picture as to why pulses sometimes contract before expanding. Explicit formulas are given for the contraction time and the duration of the contraction. We show that a fundamental quantity that enters is the covariance between position and group velocity. Both quantum and classical wave equations are considered.


Network education based on advanced internet and multimedia technology replaces traditional teaching model in certain procedure, and mobile education based on mobile internet technology achieves the dream to teach in any time and any place. This article introduces the detailed design for remote teaching system based on mobile learning, including development tool, development environment, and it also gives out the logical design for the functional modules, introduces the method for system teaching evaluation.


This study reviewed the current situation of carbon capture and storage (CCS) development in the UK, mainly within the last 10 years in general. It looked at the positive ways to implement the CCS technologies, including the geological advantages, potential sector growth, financial incentives and the support in the policies. Current projects were brought forward together with university and industry research. Some concerns and limitations of applying CCS technologies were discussed. Finally, the conclusion was made that the UK is in a good position to implement CCS technologies and would become a global leader in CCS development, providing that the first four trials were successful. Copyright , Oxford University Press.


Highly selective or proximal gastric vagotomy is one of the definitive treatments for gastric ulcers. The results of this operation, in comparison to truncal vagotomy, is well appreciated by the surgeons. On the contrary, the incomplete and inadequate performance of this procedure results in the recurrence of the ulcers, post vagotomy diarrhoea and the dumping syndrome. The knowledge about the normal and abnormal patterns of the anterior and posterior gastric nerves is an imperative to the surgeons who perform highly selective vagotomy. Most of the studies in this region have been done on the western population and the perspective of truncal and highly selective vagotomy is based on the western literature only. However, Indian studies regarding this topic, are only few and far inbetween. This nature of study on the Indian population in this part of the country was an initiative. 55 stomach specimens were utilized for the study. The anterior gastric nerve was dissected out from the level of commencement to the level of termination by the dissection method. The branching pattern, plexus formation and crow's foot appearance at the level of the termination of the anterior gastric nerve were studied. The results which were obtained are analyzed and discussed in detail.


This paper describes how the energy consumption of electrical railways is mainly influenced by the driving states and the propulsion efficiency characteristics of the trains as well as by the behavior of the traction power supply system. For this reason the idea was to create a plug-in simulation module for railway power supply networks using the advantages of an existing commercial railway operation simulator. The newly developed energy simulation module called OpenPowerNet works together with the Swiss OpenTrack railway operation simulator as a so called "co-simulation". OpenPowerNet is able to simulate all common AC- and DC railway power supply systems taking into account the entire electrical network structure. It can be used as an energy prognosis and analysis tool as well as for the planning and optimization of power supply installations. The accuracy of the simulation was verified by a large number of real time measurements.


A three-dimensional transient temperature field model was built for the YAG pulsed laser processing the conrod fracture splitting notch by the finite element method. The form of heat load, the laser defocus amount, the thermophysical parameters of the workpiece material, the element birth and death in the processing were discussed. The moving laser processing the splitting notch on C70S6 high-carbon micro-alloy non-hardening-and-tempering steel was simulated numerically, and the depth and the width of the notch as well as the temperature field were obtained under different pocessing parameters. The effects of the laser spot diameter, the laser power, the laser pulse width and the processing speed on the notch processing were summarized. The results of the simulation were compared with the experiment ones and the optimized parameters of the laser processing the conrod fracture splitting notch were proposed.


Abalone, Haliotis diversicolor japonica, is one of the most palatable sea foods in Jeju-Do, Korea : however relatively little is known about the characteristics of its taste. This study was undertaken to establish the basic data for evaluating the taste compounds in the extract of abalone including nucleotides and their related compounds, free amino acids, trimethylamine oxide, trimethylamine and total creatinine. The amount of AMP was while IMP and inosine was trace in content. In the extracts, taurine, arginine and glycine were abundant holding of total free amino acids content respectively, but tyrosine and phenylalanine was trace in content. TMAO, TMA and total creatinine were poor in content marking . It was presumed that the characteristic flavor of abalone was mainely attributed to free amino acids. Organic acids, nucleotides and their related compounds played auxiliary role in the characteristic flavor of abalone.


Auerbach and Silverstein are new to the ranks of authors writing about qualitative methods. They are not, however, new qualitative researchers, having completed a number of qualitative research investigations as part of their Yeshiva University Fatherhood Project. In fact, the book is heavily imbued with examples of their work, which they use to illustrate various strategies of data generation, analysis, and interpretation. In addition, the book includes two previously published reports of their long-standing and ongoing research program on fatherhood. These reports provide the reader with accessible examples of how the process of doing qualitative research looks from beginning to end. Qualitative Data: An Introduction to Coding and Analysis is meant for the novice researcher. The authors begin with several brief chapters in which they introduce and expand on what they call "hypothesis-generating research," which is contrasted to "hypothesis-testing," or quantitative, research. They use grounded theory method as their primary strategy of generating hypotheses, which would appear to be the aim of their research. However, this is not the classic grounded theory method of Glaser, Glaser and Strauss, or even Strauss and Corbin. Although theoretical sampling and saturation are components of the authors' version of grounded theory, there is no mention of constant comparative analysis. In fact, distinct differences exist between the data coding and data analysis processes as presented by Auerbach and Silverstein and those described by these other authors. Actually, the major emphasis of this book is as the title suggests—it is about coding and analysis. Auerbach and Silverstein describe very clearly a doable process of data coding and analysis, certainly the major stumbling blocks for novice researchers doing qualitative research. It is apparent that one could follow their coding and analysis steps—making the text manageable, hearing what was said, developing theory—and end up with a theoretical narrative of the participant's story. The authors also suggest strategies for "convincing other people" about the "justifiability of interpretations" and "transferability of theoretical constructs." Again, as throughout the entire text, they have included examples from their own research. Auerbach and Silverstein go a step further than many other qualitative methodologists; they also describe how to transform theory developed from their approach into research with other groups of people who experience the same phenomenon. Using strategies of theoretical sampling that included convenience sampling, unusual case sampling, critical case sampling, typical case sampling, similar case sampling, and sensitive case sampling, the authors describe how to design the next study and analyze the data from the new study so that the theory is further developed. This is an extremely challenging process, and only the most exquisite


Electronics and energy storage industry demand production of high-quality graphene which currently still a challenge. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has shown promises for high-quality graphene production. However, it involves control of many parameters from different aspects such as thermal fluid, mass transport, and chemical reaction. Thermal fluid aspect plays a significant role in CVD production of graphene but yet to be explored extensively. For a tubular hot-wall CVD with the heating reactor, issue of flow instability that will prolong the existence of vortices and spiral flow until the substrate required attention. Therefore current study aims to find the optimum substrate position inside the furnace. For that purpose the gas flow streamline will be observed, and minimum axial distance of the substrate will be determined. The tubular CVD is modeled using ANSYS Fluent®. The current model will not consider the chemical reaction involves and only single gas is used. This should be enough to seek the influence of thermal fluid aspects involves in CVD. The CVD tube will be divided into 3 sections where the middle part (furnace) was heated up to 1273K and the other two sections were kept at 300K. Gas was supplied to the tube and the distance from the furnace inlet to the point where the flow is fully developed is measured. Streamlines for the flow is also observed. The streamline shows that there is an induced secondary flow starting at the inlet which lasted until a certain axial distance. For flow with 50 sccm of flowrate needs an axial distance of 5 cm while flow with 250 sccm of flowrate needs 7 cm in order to become a smooth flow. Our results show that the placement of the substrate in the tubular hot-wall CVD required attention in CVD design. For flow with higher flowrate, it requires longer distance for the flow to become smooth and laminar and vice versa.


The main purpose of this project is to carry the five hundred to seven hundred load short distances. The problem identified is automobile vehicles used to transfer goods for short duration, everywhere. On the other hand, automobile fuel cost has increased abruptly. Due to rises in fuel cost, it is directly and indirectly affected by the cost of living. That means it directly raises all items' cost rise such as vegetable prices, construction materials, cosmetics, etc. On the other hand, automobile vehicles produce more pollutants in the environment. The main object of this paper is to design the fabrication of load-carry electrical vehicles. In the exciting electrical vehicle, auto-rickshaw cost is too high it cannot be afforded by average and below average people. The drawback of the exciting vehicle is the carriage covers 20% of the total load. In the proposed method design weightless carriage and more space as well comfort to carry the load on short as well long distances. The main merit of the proposed method are to reduce the 40% cost compared to the market price. The proposed fabrication 3D diagram and practical implementation as detailed in the following paragraph.


language will improve our capacity to change and control society: 'If adherence to the speech practices that comprise linguistic membership is adherence to political practices, an active posture towards one's political membership is possible only through a more active posture to one's linguistic membership, and that activity must take the form of energetic, imaginative interpretation of the political practices embedded in various discourses' (p. 232). Quite how far discourses can be manipulated, however, remains to be seen. All that Shapiro offers is a sensible but no longer very remarkable conclusion to a twice-told tale.


A national survey shows that community colleges have developed WAC programs whose characteristics are specially suited to the two-year colleges.


There has been suggested the complex approach to the study of affordability of hormonal medicaments in pharmaceutical organizations and the technology of the improvement of medicamental help to gynecological patients with the disorders of menstrual cycle which include the analysis of demand and supply of hormonal medicaments in the pharmaceutical market, the way of their consuming (realization) in pharmacies, price characteristics of hormonal medicaments and the creation of recommendatory list of hormonal medicaments for the increase of the quality of medicamental help to gynecological patients with the disorders of menstrual cycle and competitive ability of pharmacy chain.


Based on that the computer will be infected by infected computer and exposed computer, and some of the computers which are in suscepitible status and exposed status can get immunity by antivirus ability, a novel coumputer virus model is established. The dynamic behaviors of this model are investigated. First, the basic reproduction number , which is a threshold of the computer virus spreading in internet, is determined. Second, this model has a virus-free equilibrium , which means that the infected part of the computer disappears, and the virus dies out, and is a globally asymptotically stable equilibrium if . Third, if then this model has only one viral equilibrium , which means that the computer persists at a constant endemic level, and is also globally asymptotically stable. Finally, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the analytical results.


The ability of the receptor for the hematopoietic cytokine granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) to function in non‐hematopoietic cells is unknown. NIH3T3 fibroblasts were transfected with cDNAs encoding the alpha and beta subunit of the human GM‐CSF receptor and a series of stable transformants were isolated that bound GM‐CSF with either low (KD = 860 − > 1000 pM) or high affinity (KD = 20–80 pM). Low affinity receptors were not functional. However, the reconstituted high affinity receptors were found to be capable of activating a number of signal transduction pathways, including tyrosine kinase activity, phosphorylation of Raf‐1, and the transient induction of c‐fos and c‐myc mRNAs. The activation of protein tyrosine phosphorylation by GM‐CSF in NIH3T3 cells was rapid (< 1 min) and transient (peaking at 5–20 min) and resulted in the phosphorylation of proteins of estimated molecular weights of 42, 44, 52/53 and 58–60 kDa. Some of these proteins co‐migrated with proteins from myeloid cells that were phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to GM‐CSF. In particular, p42 and p44 were identified as mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAP kinases), and the phosphorylation on tyrosine residues of p42 and p44 MAP kinases occurred at the same time as the phosphorylation of Raf‐1. However, despite evidence for activation of many mitogenic signal transduction molecules, GM‐CSF did not induce significant proliferation of transfected NIH3T3 cells. These results suggest that murine fibroblasts contain signal transducing molecules that can effectively interact with the human GM‐CSF receptor, and that are sufficient to activate at least some of the same signal transduction pathways this receptor activates in myeloid cells, including activation of one or more tyrosine kinase(s). However, the level of activation of signal transduction is either below a threshold of necessary activity or at least one mitogenic signal necessary for proliferation is missing.


The paper is to present the new DSP-based device shown in the wake of hitherto development of power quality instrumentation for power quality assessment in ship systems. The basic features of the new power quality estimator-analyser are described. Further, the design of its new commercial version is shown and discussed.


The constraints imposed by nano- and microscale confinement on the conformational degrees of freedom of thermally fluctuating biopolymers is utilized in contemporary nano-devices to specifically elongate and manipulate single chains. A thorough theoretical understanding and quantification of the statistical conformations of confined polymer chains is thus a central concern in polymer physics. We present an analytical calculation of the radial distribution function of harmonically confined semiflexible polymers in the weakly bending limit. Special emphasis has been put on a proper treatment of boundary conditions. We show that the particular choice of boundary conditions significantly impacts the chain statistics in cases of weak and intermediate confinement. Comparing our analytical model to numerical data from Monte Carlo simulations we find excellent agreement over a broad range of parameters.


This study aims to analyze the effect of liquidity, firm age, firm size on earnings quality. The independent variables used are liquidity, company age, company size. The dependent variable is earnings quality. Population p enelitian are p ompany that stands in Real Estate Sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI) Period 2017-2019. The sampling method used is the purposive sampling method with a total of 21 companies during the observation period of 3 consecutive years with 65 samples. Data analysis tools: classical assumption test method, multiple linear regression analysis test, and hypothesis testing.
The hypothesis of this study is liquidity , Age Company , and Company Size partial effect on k Quality of earnings in the Real Estate Property companies listed on the Stock Exchange in 2017-2019 .
The results showed that the liquidity of the firm size had no effect on earnings quality, while firm age had an effect on earnings quality. H acyl R 2 coefficient determinant ( R 2 ) shows at 0.353 or 35.3%, meaning that the liquidity factor (X1), Age Company (X2), Company Size (X3) affects the quality of earnings (Y) on the company's property and real estate listed on the IDX in 2017-2019, the remaining 64.7% is influenced by other factors not examined in this study such as profitability, audit quality, capital structure and so on.


The improvement of speech intelligibility is a traditional problem which still remains open and unsolved. The recent boom of applications such as hands-free communications or automatic speech recognition systems and the ever-increasing demands of the hearing-impaired community have given a definitive impulse to the research in this area. The aim of the noise reduction algorithms is to estimate the clean speech signal from the noisy recordings in order to improve the quality and intelligibility of the enhanced signal. This paper provides a comprehensive study on speech enhancement and further processing. This one contains a preliminary study of the problem and a thorough review of the state of the art in this field. Some author's work is also explained.


This paper investigated exchanges of intellectuals in East Asia from 18C to 19C and the rising types on Byeongse(幷世, contemporary) consciousness of Joseon intellectuals. Byeongse consciousness meaned the sense of solidarity living life together with each other. Thought centered on space based upon Sinocentrism of previous era changed to thought centered on time valued upon nowness and contemporariness. This indicated that horizontal thought was made possible among contemporary intellectuals beyond boundary of status and nations. We could see Byeongse consciousness of intellectuals in this era from the word 'Byeongse(contemporary)' recorded repetitively in Byeongsejaeseonrock written by Lee Gyusang, Byeongsejib written by Yoon Gwangsim, Byeongsejib written by You Deukgong and etc. They were working collecting biographical writing and poetry of writers, scholars and artists living with themselves in contemporariness. They had dreamed structure of community shared only contemporariness leaping status and transcending national boundary. This expanding of horizontal thought couldn't be accept in the very previous era. Friendship discourse and changed awareness and countermeasures on others broadened in a comtemporary were buried in the base of the changing of consciousness. This changes were based upon that East Asia located in road of severance entered into road of the open and that closed thought of nationalism transferred into open thought. The flow started from 18C and continued to 19C created noticeable prosperity. Afterward private networks among intellectuals were formed and seeped with responds of surrounding people and then they expanded wide of understandings and changed frames of thought. Through this, we become to see the possibility of East Asia Republic of Letters carried with Classical Chinese. Interchange knowledge based upon remote closing friend(天涯知己) and Byeongse consciousness dreamed by them more activated in China at 19C. That was the fever of So Dongpa through interchange between Chu Sa Kim Jeonghee and Ong Banggang. In the other hand, interchange knowledge was stopped by severance of journey of Tongsinsa(the delegation to Japan).


We thank Dr Burgner [1] for his interest in our study [2]. Dr Burgner pointed out the potential for oversimplification of our survival model by summarizing prematurity and low birth weight, which may have resulted in effect modification being overlooked. This is an interesting idea, and we agree that perhaps a stratified approach could provide more meaningful estimates of such effect measure modification. However, stratifying on these dichotomous variables is not possible with our data due to the small sample size. We think this would be an important approach for future studies and look forward to publications evaluating possible effect modification by gestational age or birth weight.


Nanoporous gold (NPG) fabricated by sputtering is a material of versatile morphology with pores whose size can be tailored to accommodate enzymes. The process of pore formation and the size of the pores in NPG are influenced by the composition of Au and Ag in the alloy used to prepare the electrodes together with the temperature and time period of the dealloying process. On increasing the time from 1 to 60 min and the temperature from 0.5 °C to 60.5 °C in concentrated HNO3, significant increases in the average pore diameters from 4.4 to 78 nm were observed with simultaneous decreases in the roughness factor (Rf). The pores of NPG were fully addressable regardless of the diameter, with Rf increasing linearly up to an alloy thickness of 500 nm. The influence of the pore size on the bioelectrochemical response of redox proteins was evaluated using cytochrome c as a model system. The highest current densities of ca. 30 µA cm−2 were observed at cytochrome c modified NPG electrodes with an average pore size of ca. 10 nm. The pores in NPG were also tuned for the mediatorless immobilization of Myrothecium verrucaria bilirubin oxidase. High current densities of ca. 65 µA cm−2 were observed at MvBOD modified NPG electrodes prepared by dealloying at 0.5 °C for 5 min with an average pore size of 8 nm, which is too small to accommodate the enzyme into the pores, indicating that the response was from enzyme adsorbed on the electrode surface.


We show how simple statistical analyses of systematically collected inven- tory data can be used to provide reliable information about the distribution and habitat associations of rare species. Using an existing design-based sampling grid on which epi- phytic macrolichens had been inventoried in the Northwest Forest Plan area of the U.S. Pacific Northwest, we (1) estimate frequencies and standard errors for each of 25 lichen species having special management designation (i.e., Survey and Manage), (2) assess the probability that individual species were associated with specific land allocation and forest stand age classifications, and (3) provide estimates of sample sizes necessary to ensure sufficient detections for these analyses. We conclude with a discussion of management and conservation information needs that extant data can satisfy and identify advantages and limitations of random vs. nonrandom sampling strategies. Combining design-assisted and model-assisted approaches can overcome some of the limitations of either single strategy.


Lead salt diode lasers are used in conjuction with a Q-switched CO/sub 2/ laser to measure collisional energy transfer from the 2..nu../sub 2/ level of NH/sub 3/. The (V--T,R) relaxation rate from the 2..nu../sub 2/ level is found to be approximately an order of magnitude faster than the comparable relaxation rate from the ..nu../sub 2/ level. (V--V) transfer from the ..nu../sub 2/ to the 2..nu../sub 2/ levels plays an insignificant role in the dynamics of energy transfer in the ..nu../sub 2/ mode of NH/sub 3/.


How to reach consensus on an average value in a dynamic crowd without revealing identity? In this work, we study the problem of Average Network Consensus in Anonymous Dynamic Networks (ADN). Network dynamicity is specified by the sequence of topology-graph isoperimetric numbers occurring over time, which we call the isoperimetric dynamicity of the network. The consensus variable is the average of values initially held by nodes, which is customary in the Network-consensus literature. Given that having an algorithm to compute the average one can compute the network size (i.e. the Counting problem) and viceversa, we further focus on the latter. We propose a deterministic distributed Average Network Consensus algorithm for ADNs that we call isoperimetric Scalable Coordinated Anonymous Local Aggregation (iSCALA), and we analyze its performance for different scenarios, including worst-case (adversarial) and stochastic dynamic topologies. Our solution utilizes supervisor nodes, which have been shown to be necessary for computations in ADNs. The algorithm uses the isoperimetric dynamicity of the network as an input, meaning that only the isoperimetric number parameters (or their lower bound) must be given, but topologies may occur arbitrarily or stochastically as long as they comply with those parameters. Previous work for adversarial ADNs overestimates the running time to deal with worst-case scenarios. For ADNs with given isoperimetric dynamicity, our analysis shows improved performance for some practical dynamic topologies, with cubic time or better for stochastic ADNs, and our experimental evaluation confirms that such performance is close to what could be achieved if the algorithm had centralized control on stopping conditions; thus, there is no substantial benefit of having centralized stopping control in the ADN system.


Corresponding author: Mohammad M. Ansari Contact Information: firstname.lastname@example.com DOI: 10.12746/swrccc.v8i33.631 Stroke is a well-established and devastating thromboembolic complication of atrial fibrillation. The risk of stroke in patients with non-valvular AF has been well studied, and stroke risk reduction is a major goal of therapy. Anticoagulation is a well-established method to reduce the incidence of stroke in patients with AF but is underused and accompanied with a well-known risk of hemorrhagic complications. To quantify the risk of stroke in AF, several clinical tools have been published. The most widely used are the CHADS2 and CHA2DS2VASc scores, which use clinical patient characteristics to predict the annual risk for stroke in percent risk per year (Figure 1). In addition, several scoring systems, such as the ATRIA, ORBIT, ABC and HAS-BLED scores, have been published to evaluate the risk of bleeding while on anticoagulation. These also use clinical characteristics to predict the annual rate of major bleeding (Table 1). Of these, the HAS-BLED score has been endorsed as a method of quantifying the risk of bleeding by US guidelines. The risk of major bleeding within 1 year increases progressively with accumulative HASBLED points (bleeds per 100 patient-years): 0 (1.13), 1 (1.02), 2 (1.88), 3 (3.74), 4 (8.7), 5 (12.5). The predictive value of scoring systems for patients using direct oral anticoagulants is currently under study. Current US guidelines recommend anticoagulation of patients with a CHADS2VASC score of 2 or above, while European guidelines do permit anticoagulation (or aspirin) with scores of 1 or above.


Social media is the latest buzzword around the world. From teenagers to techies, entrepreneurs to educators, all have embraced the new face of this sizzling phenomenon. Interestingly, social media has made its way into the health-care industry as well. The so-called "e-patients" of this generation are using the web to gather information, seek online guidance, demand better health information and insist on a distinct relationship with their doctors. However, orthodontists and dentists have failed to use the popular social networking platforms to their advantage. Social media can be an opportunity for better education, accrued compliance and higher outcomes for the patient, whereas orthodontists can learn from experts and peers, discuss clinical problems and share practice management. It might be still in its infancy in the field of orthodontics, but this form of media has the power to revolutionize the way orthodontists and dentists interact with their patients. They need to take advantage of tremendously popular social networking platforms while limiting their exposure to unwanted liability.


The structural preferences of peptides (and depsipeptides) from the achiral MeAib and Hib residues, and the chiral Iva, (αMe) Val, (αMe) Leu, and (αMe) Phe residues, as determined by conformational energy computations, x‐ray diffraction analyses, and 1H‐nmr and spectroscopic studies, are reviewed and compared with literature data on Aib‐containing peptides. The results obtained indicate that helical structures are preferentially adopted by peptides rich in these α‐amino acids methylated at the α‐carbon. Intriguing experimental findings on the impact of the chirality of Iva, (αMe) Val, and (αMe) Phe residues on helix screw sense are illustrated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.


The Differentiated Services (DiffServ) architecture defines a new framework for the support of quality of service (QoS) in IP-based networks. This paper presents a distributed object oriented simulator based on a functional model of this architecture that allows to easily configure and test different router and network configurations in the range of traffic conditioning and per-hop behavior (PHB) functionalities described in the DiffServ Architecture. The simulator is an object oriented fashion implemented in Java RMI and provides classes for all the datapath elements defined in the model, provides an scheme for easily interconnecting them forming a DAG as specified in a configuration file, and provides means for allowing a distributed simulation.


The application of ceramic membrane in activator reclaim has been investigated experimentally .The designing parameters, processing conditions and cleanout means are presented for the industrial application of ceramic membrane.


became apparent that, although experimental systems using algae can be maintained in biological balance on a small scale, many difficulties would have to be overcome before they could be relied upon to provide human food and oxygen in a closed environment. Doubts were also expressed in a later paper by Mr. S. W. F. HANSON (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food) whether an entirely algal diet would ever be acceptable from either the nutritional or the psychological point of view. Returning to the psychological theme, Dr. K. F. JACKSON (R.A.F. Institute of Aviation Medicine) discussed some of the factors which impair human performance. Human performance in control, measured in terms of the accuracy with which pointers could be kept centred on a dial or an aircraft on its heading, could be affected by many variables. Some were obvious stresses applied, as it were, from without-such as environmental conditions affecting the equipment or the operator himself. Less well defined factors, including fatigue and motivation, caused changes in performance. Dr. Jackson's results* related fluctuations in performance quantitatively to, for example, the time spent on an arduous task and to its complexity. The application of his work to astronautics would lie in determining the optimum " working conditions " and the best methods of presenting information and the means of control to the human pilot-"the most economical and versatile kind of controlling equipment that can be carried."


Introduction. The reliable and correct information about drugs is an essential step to promote the rational use of drugs, particularly drugs with a high number of interactions such as warfarin. Objective. To correlate five information sources about drug interactions using warfarin as an instrument of comparison. Casuistic and Methods. It is a descriptive study. It was selected five information sources about drug interactions: Micromedex®, World Health Organization Model Formulary 2008, "Guia Zanini-Oga de Interacoes medicamentosas", PR Vade Mecum®, Package insert of brand warfarin. The variables studied were: number of interactions, the presence of drug-food or drug-alcohol interactions or both, classification of the severity of interactions, number of interactions considered major, manner of interaction presentation (specific drug or pharmacologic group), and identification and classification according to the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) of drugs with potential interaction with warfarin. Results and Discussion. The number of interactions provided by the information sources ranged from 46 to 326, one source did not consider interaction with food or alcohol or both, only two sources classified according to severity of interactions, no drug was present simultaneously in all information sources. Nervous System drugs were the most prevalent drugs with potential interaction with warfarin. Conclusion. The information sources presented heterogeneous profiles in relation to


Due to increasing technological advancements, the demand for pure niobium products emanated from columbite ore processing has led to the wide array of its application in capacitors, nuclear uses, superconducting RF cavities, an electromagnetic radiation detector, medical devices, and aerospace among others. Therefore, this paper focuses on the kinetics of dissolution of a Nigerian Columbite mineral in sulphuric acid solution for improved industrial applications. The effects of acid concentration, reaction temperature and particle size on the ore dissolution rate were examined. Experimental results showed that the ore dissolution increases with increasing acid concentration and temperature and decreases with increasing particle size fraction. With 2 mol/L H 2 SO 4 solution, 60.2% of the ore dissolved within 120 minutes using <90µm particle size at a temperature of 75°C with moderate stirring (300 rpm). The unleached products were analyzed and found to contain siliceous compounds applicable as industrial by-products. The calculated activation energy (Ea) deduced to be 30.3 kJ/mol supported the proposed diffusion reaction mechanism for the first order dissolution process with a collision factor of 0.12 per minute. Hence, the dissolution data obtained in this study is an indication of thermodynamic feasibility for Nigeria Columbite ore fitness in improving science and technology for economic growth and development.


A data set of over 17,000 charcoal fragments from 56 archaeological excavations located in the Irish midlands is used to develop
recommended sampling protocols for archaeological charcoal analysis. The charcoal data were derived from three distinctive site types:
Fulachta fiadh (burnt mounds), industrial and occupation sites. These sites range in age from the Neolithic to the Post Medieval Period. The
analysis focused on saturation curves used to ascertain the minimum number of samples that should be collected from each site type to obtain
consistent sampling. The same technique is also used to derive the optimal number of fragments that should be identified from each sample
to obtain estimates of taxon identification and abundance. The precision of taxon proportion estimates from samples is also addressed. The
Fulachta fiadh and industrial sites produced similar results which suggest that a minimum of 25 charcoal fragments from at least six samples
per site should be analysed. For occupation sites a minimum of 17 charcoal fragments should be analysed from at least 24 samples. Higher
fragment counts are required to achieve taxon proportion estimates with margins of error below 2.5%.


This paper presents simulation and measurement results of a wideband planar phased array for 5G. The desired wideband operation is achieved using a tightly coupled dipole array (TCDA). The proposed array consists of tightly coupled dipole units in dual-polarized configuration, and two thin parasitic layers separated apart by air gap for wide-angle impedance matching (WAIM). The top matching layer is loaded with a metasurface composed of sub-wavelength split-ring resonators (SRRs) to improve the scanning performance of array. The infinite array achieved a bandwidth from 23.5 to 29.5 GHz, with voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) < 3 for scan up to ±60°in E, H and D-plane. The array has a height of only $0.144\lambda _{l}$ , and it exhibits high gains, high efficiency >71% (largest scan angle) and good cross-polarization. The simulations are validated by fabrication and measurement of an array prototype, which indicates agreement to simulated values. The proposed dual-polarized antenna array can be deployed in the future beam scanning applications for 5G.


Community correction and imprisonment correction are the two kinds of punishment.Based on the practice and theory,the real effect of examination and supervision could be enhanced by constructing institution system and standardization ahead which can reduce crime and promote integrate conservation work in communities.The proper supervision constraining mechanism has to be imported in community correction.It is good for doing work by law,protecting persons' legal rights and embodying the requirement of social political and justice civilization.


Independent trustee system plays an important role in improving the management and structure of listed companies. This system is now developing is a steady way. The present policies of engagement, sources of information, term of office, and incentive mechanism should be readjusted in order that the independent trustee system can be further improved, the independence of trustees can be guraranteed, the position and duty of the trustees can be accurately orientated, so that their supervision can be fully brought into play.


A significant consequence of scaling up production of high titer monoclonal antibody (mAb) processes in existing facilities is the generation of in‐process pools that exceed the capacity of storage vessels. A semi‐continuous downstream process where columns and filters are linked and operated in tandem would eliminate the need for intermediate holding tanks. This study is a bench‐scale demonstration of the feasibility of a tandem process for the purification of mAbs employing an affinity Protein A capture step, followed by a flow‐through anion‐exchange (AEX) step with the possibility of adding an in‐line virus filtration step (VF). All three steps were linked sequentially and operated as one continuous process using an ÄKTA FPLC equipped with two pumps and a system of valves and bypasses that allowed the components to be engaged at different stages of the process. The AEX column was operated in a weak partitioning (WP) mode enabled by a precise in‐line titration of Protein A effluent. In order to avoid complex control schemes and facilitate validation, quality and robustness were built into the system through selection of buffers based on thermodynamic and empirical models. The tandem system utilized the simplest possible combination of valves, pumps, controls, and automation, so that it could easily be implemented in a clinical or commercial production facility. Linking the purification steps in a tandem process is expected to generate savings in time and production costs and also reduce the size of quality systems due to reduced documentation requirements, microbial sampling, and elimination of hold time validation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;110: 2655–2663. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


The assembly of nanocrystals into ordered structures, called supercrystals or superstructures, has become a pivotal frontier due to the numerous beneficial implications such as correlating atom arrangements in macroscopic crystals and tuning collective properties demanded by various applications. In this article, recent progress in the preparation of three-dimensional superlattices of nanocrystals is outlined with a particular emphasis on the driving forces and evolution routes beyond orderly assembling. Firstly, the leading or repulsive forces that internally and externally govern the formation of three-dimensional supercrystals are systematically sorted out and discussed with respect to their origins and functions for the three-dimensional self-organization. Then a synoptic introduction of commonly applied means for nanocrystal self-assembly is presented based on the growth scenarios, such as droplet evaporation and liquid/liquid interface concomitant with specific cases and detailed analyses. In the end, the existing challenge and perspective in this field are briefly highlighted.


Assume that X is a normal projective variety over C ,o f dimension � 3, and that (X,∆) is a log variety that is weakly Kawamata log terminal. Let L be a nef Cartier divisor such that aL − (KX +∆ ) is nef and log big on (X,∆) for some a ∈ N. Then Bs|mL| = ∅ for every m � 0.


An interlaced to progressive (I/P) scan conversion scheme based on a three-point vertical median filtering is described. The three points are the interlaced data passed through double smoothing (DS). The DS based on order statistic filtering preceded by censoring eliminates impulsive and/or nonimpulsive noise while preserving signal edges. The three-point vertical median operation for I/P conversion controls the adaptive switching between a moving scene mode and a stationary scene mode without complex motion and edge detection. A structure for implementation of the proposed I/P conversion circuit is described. This circuit features an integrated dynamic RAM based on horizontal lines, a field memory, and a high-speed bubble sorter. Test results confirm that the proposed scheme is effective in I/P conversion for impulsive and/or nonimpulsive noise-contaminated images. >


Since [Thomas] Wolfe's success in achieving the larger unity for which he strove in the last three long novels is considerably less than total, the materials which he had organized into short novels have an integrity and a consummate craftsmanship which they seem to lack in the long books.... In the short novel form Wolfe was a master of his craft. -- C. Hugh Holman, The Short Novels of Thomas Wolfe It is the care that went into the planes and surfaces of Wolfe's work--the tactile areas--that makes it an inhabitable literary world, just as it was the continuous rehearsal of his experience in his own mind--and the slow discovery of the underlying substratum of meaning--that made it, finally, a durable world. -- Maxwell Geismar, The Portable Thomas Wolfe James Clark's recent edition of "The Lost Boy," differing in significant ways from earlier published versions of that story, has renewed critical interest in what many feel is Wolfe's finest, most complex and carefully crafted piece of short fiction. I want in this essay to trace that careful crafting of the story as we find it in the typescripts preserved in the William Wisdom Collection of the Houghton Library and to discuss the significance of the story's theme as it relates to a major portion of Wolfe's late work--that is, "The Lost Boy" as a gateway into You Can't Go Home Again. Such an examination helps to define the dramatic redirection of Wolfe's late writing--that work written or reworked in 1936-1937 and later incorporated into the posthumous novels. Through the typescripts of this story we can trace the complex process of composition through which Wolfe himself came to understand what he wanted to say with the material--the "slow discovery," as Geismar calls it, of "the underlying substratum of meaning." No other Wolfe story illustrates so well both his experimentation with narrative technique and his sustained effort at revision and restructuring to get the final effect of a story just right. From the beginning of Wolfe's fiction writing in the late 1920s, his work gives evidence of the ferment of American fiction during those years and of his drawing on the experiments of other writers. Look Homeward, Angel and Of Time and the River both show Wolfe's considerable debt to James Joyce in his experiments with stream of consciousness and with juxtaposing myth and plot. Wolfe learned from Sherwood Anderson to anchor episodes with imagery and to center them on aspects other than plot; Joseph Bentz in a recent essay discusses similarities in the way the two writers structured stories around what he calls "climactic lyrical insights" (151). Most important of all for "The Lost Boy," Wolfe had as a model Faulkner's use of the shifting narrator to tell a story--both As I Lay Dying and The Sound and the Fury had been published before Wolfe began work on this four-part story with its three first-person narrators and four perspectives. Wolfe himself had already tried, in his stories from 1932-1935, a variety of experiments--the joining of discrete episodes related only by setting and theme in "Death, the Proud Brother" and "The Face of the War," the use of choric voices in "The Four Lost Men," the use of visions in "Bascom Hawke," the use of allegory in "Fame and the Poet," the use of various first-person voices, from the wonderful rambling voice of Eliza Gant in "The Web of Earth," (a voice that he returns to in a more restrained form in the second part of "The Lost Boy") to the voice of the Brooklyn tough guy in the often-anthologized "Only the Dead Know Brooklyn." He was, when we look back at particulars, a surprisingly experimental writer. Only in "The Lost Boy," however, does he experiment with the shifting narrative voice, which gives this particular story its distinctive depth and force. It is difficult to say exactly when Wolfe began the writing of this story, which was first published in Redbook in 1937. …


Starkey,4 and Halvorson,5 indicated the possibility of biologic iron precipitation in the absence of organisms generally accepted as iron bacteria. Starkey2 stated that there were many different organic complexes of iron in natural waters, and that various bacteria were involved in the precipitation of iron. Many microbiologists searching iron precipitates microscopically in water have noted the presence of "zoogloeal masses" of bacteria encrusted with iron, with no evidence of filamentous iron bacteria.


Children who undergo general anaesthesia have an increased perioperative risk of morbidity and mortality compared with adults. This is due to differences in anatomy and reduced physiological reserves. A clear understanding of neonatal and paediatric anatomy and physiology is therefore essential to provide safe paediatric perioperative care. This chapter outlines major anatomical and physiological differences of the paediatric and neonatal airway, including causes and treatment of airway obstruction. Essential aspects of the respiratory, cardiovascular, CNS, and hepatorenal systems are discussed. Important considerations of fluid and thermal control are described that form the basis of safe paediatric anaesthesia practice.


The utility model discloses an audio-visual on-demand system for passenger traffic transport tool cars, which comprises an intelligent management unit which gets current from a power supply unit; the output end of the intelligent management unit is electrically connected with the input end of a code control module by a switch; the output end of the code control module respectively supplies the current to an information output device and information receiving terminals by switches. The audio-visual on-demand system is characterized in that passengers can request audio-visual program according to interest and hobbies of the passengers. When in use, the intelligent management unit can be turned on by a switch arranged at the position of a seat or an authorized IC card; at the same time, code switch information corresponding to the code control module is opened and respectively supplies the current to the information output device, a hard disc player, a network video server and the information receiving terminals arranged at the position of the seat. Passengers can utilize the push-button for selecting program of the information receiving terminals (an earphone or an image display device) to receive real-time audio program broadcasted by the information output device or to watch real-time image program broadcasted by the image display device.