In this paper we discuss novel numerical schemes for the computation of the curve shortening and mean curvature flows that are based on special reparametrizations. The main idea is to use special solutions to the harmonic map heat flow in order to reparametrize the equations of motion. This idea is widely known from the Ricci flow as the DeTurck trick. By introducing a variable time scale for the harmonic map heat flow, we obtain families of numerical schemes for the reparametrized flows. For the curve shortening flow this family unveils a surprising geometric connection between the numerical schemes in [5] and [9]. For the mean curvature flow we obtain families of schemes with good mesh properties similar to those in [3]. We prove error estimates for the semi-discrete scheme of the curve shortening flow. The behaviour of the fully-discrete schemes with respect to the redistribution of mesh points is studied in numerical experiments. We also discuss possible generalizations of our ideas to other extrinsic flows.


A large scale gravity compensation system for planetary rovers is designed. The compensation system comprises a tension system and a position system: the tension system generates the constant tension of the string; the position system carries the tension system to follow the horizontal motion of the rover so as to keep the string vertical. To acquire rapidity and dynamic precision without resonating the position system, a macro-micro and open-closed loop design is brought forward: the coaxial macro and micro motors drive the winding drum to adjust the length of the cable; a constant-force mechanism is used to strain the string. The macro motor generates the majority of the tension and suppresses the low-frequency disturbance; the micro motor precisely adjusts the tension of the string to suppress intermediate-frequency disturbance; the constant-force mechanism suppresses high-frequency disturbance with its open loop performance. To precisely follow the rover over a large scale, a double position servo system is used: the girder-trolley system carries the two-dimensional platform; the girder-trolley system covers a large area but is sluggish and imprecise, and therefore is used to imprecisely follow the rover over a large area; the platform is precise and fast but covers a small area, and therefore is used to precisely follow the rover. The system covers a 30 m×30 m area. Experiments show that the position error does not exceed 0.01 m and the force compensation error does not exceed ±0.5% under normal working condition. When step interference emerges, the force compensation error does not exceed 1.5%.


The effects of Taurine on the harm of learning and memory that was induced by the D-galactose were investigated. The results showed that: 1.The group which had injected D-galactose had significantly diminished the number of correct response and reduced the latency of step through, but these effects were improved significantly by Taurine. 2.The content of Zn in the mice which were injected D-galactose significantly decreased as compared with that of control group, and the Taurine improved significantly this effects. These results suggested that the Taurine can improve the harm of learning and memory induced by D-galactose, which may be related to the content of Zn in brain.


Abstract The Cuban Revolution fundamentally changed the approach taken by the Soviet Union and the Eastern Bloc countries toward Latin America. When Fidel Castro took power, the Communist countries began to open embassies in Cuba and develop mutual relations. Along with the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia quickly normalized relations with the new regime and became one of the most active Eastern Bloc countries diplomatically, economically, and in the intelligence field. The Czechoslovak State Security Service (StB) took a leading role in building Cuban intelligence and strengthening the Castro regime. For more than a year, the Czechoslovaks pushed hard to build the relationship and provide assistance beyond what the Soviet Union was willing to countenance, which annoyed and frustrated, the Soviet KGB. Following the Bay of Pigs, during which the StB performed poorly, the Soviets began to reduce StB activities in Cuba. Based on recently declassified documents, this article explores Czechoslovakia's neglected intelligence initiatives in Cuba and assesses them within the context of Eastern Bloc intelligence activities in the Global South during the Cold War.


Important and difficult nursing work and the whole society should care for them,and focus on creating an atmosphere of humane care,and improve human health legislation management,emotional management and system management to promote consistency.


Experiential and stochastic learning algorithms for improving the time consumed in robot's part micro-assembly procedures are presented. A comprehensive comparison of the results with other recent algorithms is described. The experiential learning algorithm unites the neighboring sections in a manner that is very similar to the larger united section based on the specified criterion. If the experiential learning algorithm is consecutively repeated, the micro-assembly dynamics analysis chart will be not only minimized in the number of sections, but also formed such that each united section will have one selected optimal plan with the lowest modified fuzzy metric distance within its own section. Thus, if the new input appertaining to the section is merely identified, the final selected plan within the section will execute the related task quickly and accurately thus resulting to a significant improvement in the time spent in the part insertion. Through the stochastic learning algorithm extended from the crisp set domain to the fuzzy set domain, based on the probability of a fuzzy event and the modified fuzzy metric distance, to deal well with the uncertainties arising during the micro-assembly procedure, if one specific plan among the feasible plans is successively selected to solve its confronting micro-assembly problems, the probability that the selected plan will be continuously chosen will increase as a consequence of compensation, namely, a higher value of membership degree is continuously allocated to the selected plan. As a result, the selected control plan with the highest probability of success and the lowest degree of uncertainty acquired by the stochastic learning facilitates the stabilization of the execution phase of the part insertion task. The degree of uncertainty, which is measured by a modified fuzzy metric distance and related to the task execution of the micro-assembly, is used as a criterion to select the most valid plan. The results demonstrate that the micro-assembly stuck problems can be successfully resolved by the experiential and stochastic learning algorithms.


In order to improve vehicle acceleration performance on low adhesion roads, an acceleration slip regulation (ASR) is designed with combination control of engine throttle and braking interference based on vehicle platform and fuzzy control algorithm. The principle of ASR system and control logic are described in detail, and the vehicle tests have been carried out. The results show that the controller can effectively prevent excessive spinning of driving wheels on low adhesion roads, and greatly improve the vehicle acceleration performance. It provides a test platform to further study of vehicle active safety control.


Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is commonly used for producing repetitive active muscular contraction, which is believed that one of the outcomes is to promote plastic reorganisation after stroke. Previous microdialysis studies showed that motor activity triggered the increase in the levels of several amino acids/ neurotransmitters such as glutamate. Massive release of glutamate during cerebral ischemia is the main pathway leading to neuronal death. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of NMES on the levels of neurotransmitters released by the hippocampal neurons after ischemic damage. The levels were monitored by microdialysis for two weeks. Basal percentage of glutamate was found to be increased after NMES intervention and then dropped gradually. This trend persisted throughout a week (Day 1 to Day 7 after stroke), whereas the levels remained steady in control group. The increase in glutamate may lead to additional excitotoxic damage in hippocampus following the intervention. Taurine level was increased after NMES on Day 1, but this pattern did not persisted afterwards. Its basal concentration kept increasing throughout 2 weeks while glutamate basal concentration exhibited an opposite trend. Taurine may act as an inhibitor to the excitotoxicity by excessive glutamate.


This paper proposes a novel method named ScholarRank to evaluate the scientific impact of rising stars. Our proposed ScholarRank integrates the merits of both statistical indicators and influence calculation algorithms in heterogeneous academic networks. The ScholarRank method considers three factors, which are the citation counts of authors, the mutual influence among coauthors and the mutual reinforce process among different entities in heterogeneous academic networks. Through experiments on real datasets, we demonstrate that our ScholarRank can efficiently select more top ranking rising stars than other methods.


Poem theory about Jao Ran, lifting its " Shi " to go on specialize in actually is rare specially. True feelings,deep plot,peculiar momentum,dangerous realm,high farsighted style,can summarize Jiao Ran' s aesthstic view .It has enriched Jiao Ran' artistic conception actually is rare ighted style,can theory greatly.


The major concern for the course of a general introduction to Mao Zedong Thought is with the improvement of the teaching contents. An effective study has investigated the contextualization of Mao Zedong thought with the Chinese reality, Marxism, Leninism, Deng Xiaoping's theory and Jiang Zeming's "three represenntations". Such a contextualization can help reveal historical role of Mao Zedong thought in the Chinese revolution, its importance to the present Chinese modernization and its wisdom for leadership concerning history, reality and specific situations.


The research showed that women who applied to artificial abortion observed with intensely expressed mental reaction. Found that most patients who undergo abortion are maladaptive individual psychological traits. Chat with a psychologist before the upcoming abortion can significantly reduce the incidence of post-procedural symptoms, especially pronounced with medical abortion, as compared with the operative. Stated the importance and the role of dynamic ultrasound monitoring.


Chapter 3 evaluates the course correction that transition economists took in the mid-1990s to focus on institution-building and away from the idea that market forces would produce needed institutions. Contrary to the initial assumptions of transitional reformers, the chapter demonstrates that the speed of establishment and the stringency of adherence to free market principles were not the main determining factors of successful transition. Rather, levels of foreign direct investment and geographical proximity to European Union markets proved to be far better determinants of economic success than the strictness of a nation's adherence to the recommendations of international institutions. Inequality increased dramatically during transition, rendering some economic data meaningless. Even in countries with rising GDP per capita, a majority may still have been left behind.


A brief review paper is presented about evolutionary tradition in emotional Psychology systems. Darwin approximation view to study of expression of emotion in humans is described. Some actual theoretical perspectives and researchers and future tendencies in emotional systems research since Darwinian tradition in Psychology and implications for disciplinary fi eld are discussed.


A human antibody comprising a complementarity determining region (CDR) and framework region (FR) which are induced from a human is provided to use for cancer diagnosis, disease classification, imaging, treatment, and prognosis determination. A human antibody which is specific to ENO1 comprises: a heavy chain CDR (HCDR) 1 which is a polypeptide among sequence numbers 7-12; a polypeptide HCD 2 among the sequence numbers 13-18; a heavy chain having various heavy site (VH) comprising a HCD 3 which is polypeptide among sequence numbers 19-24 and its immunologically active fragment; a light chain CDR 1 which is a polypeptide among sequence numbers 31-36; and a polypeptide LCDR 2 among sequence numbers 37-42.


You¿re a college senior, a few exams away from that engineering diploma, and you have to decide whether to take a job or go to graduate school. To choose wisely you must estimate the likely economic return on your investment. It¿s not an easy calculation. The details will differ from place to place, school to school, and person to person. To simplify things, we¿ll use average U.S. costs and benefits.


Falls aren't normal occurrences for the elderly population. Nurses can prevent falls by assessing patients for risk and taking steps to prevent falls and minimize their effects.


In this work necessary conditions on one side are sufficient conditions on another side given such that the product of strictly positive real (SPR) functions to be an SPR0 function. Also, sufficient conditions are given for the composition of SPR functions to be an SPR function. As a consequence, a result on robust SPR transfer functions, under non-linearly correlated perturbations in the coefficients, induced by the composition and product with SPR functions is presented. Based on these facts, we give an application on preservation of robust and simultaneous stabilisation of single-input single-output (SISO), linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. The applicability of the results is shown through two examples.


In the paper the simple samples of the basic metaconstructions are considered. Such constructions allow enhancing the radiation properties as well as providing the possibility of needed characteristics of antennas. It is possible due to unusual properties of such materials which are the negative value of permittivity and/or permeability that can be achieved by the special design of material elements and their shape. There are many kinds of those metamaterials including split ring resonators, wire medium of different structures, metashells etc. Their utilization or combination of such metacomponents for the modification of different radiators allows to change the operation frequency, radiation pattern and gain as well as their directivity.


that, for German speakers of English, interaction and contact with NS of English contributes to a more native-like usage of DMs. There is a wealth of detailed examples of uses of the four focus DMs in this book which will interest many readers, as will aspects of the categorization systems and findings. However, for reasons I have noted earlier, readers may find the discussion, the analyses and the findings less than fully convincing.


This paper presents a virtual field test to evaluate the performance of a new grid monitoring method using artificial neural networks (ANN) under realistic operating conditions. The ANN monitoring method is able to accurately estimate voltage magnitudes of distribution grids with high penetration of distributed generators without the need for a redundant amount of measurements. The simulation framework OpSim allows a logical separation of a grid simulator and a simple distribution grid control center to create a realistic testing environment. A CIGRE benchmark grid with diverse distributed energy resources and corresponding time series is used in a grid simulator. Measurements are derived from the simulator and sent to the control center via the simulation message bus. The ANN monitoring method makes use of the measurements to estimate all bus voltage magnitudes. These can, in turn, be used by a transformer tap controller to control the overall voltage profile of the grid to stay within desired limits. Transformer tap set points are returned to the grid simulator if limits are violated. The performance of both the monitoring method and its impact on the tap controller are evaluated under normal operation, bad data and delayed measurement cases. Results show that the ANN monitoring method works reliably and accurately.


The status of the new species Actinomyces denticolens was established by deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid homology. The level of homology with Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, and Actinomyces howellii was low in each case.


Safety laws are among the most successful means of reducing injuries, but their effectiveness is strongly influenced by the level of enforcement. To characterize enforcement of off-road vehicle (ORV) laws statewide, analyses of citations were performed using Iowa Court Information System data. From 2005–2015, 5173 individuals were charged with 5643 citations issued. Citations averaged <5/county/year, decreased dramatically over time, and varied by county when normalized to registered all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Over 90% of operators cited were male and Caucasian. One-fifth were <18 years old. The top five violations were: operation on a highway/snowmobile trail (51%), registration/identification number not documented/displayed (19%), prohibited use in a park/preserve (5.5%), and operation with more persons than the vehicle is designed to carry (4.4%). The Department of Natural Resources issued the highest percentage of citations, followed in decreasing order by Sheriff, Police, State Patrol, and Conservation officers. Significant differences were identified when citations were compared by sex, age, race, enforcement agency, disposition (guilty vs. not guilty), and when comparing counties with or without an ORV park. These characteristics suggest limited and variable enforcement of laws statewide that may reduce their potential to prevent deaths and injuries, and that improved strategies to support ORV law enforcement are needed.


The significant increase of wind energy production worldwide revealed the necessity of its accurate forecasting. However, this is a very complex and, despite the progress made, more accurate forecasting methods are still needed. Accurate forecasts will contribute to a better power plant and grid management by solving problems related to the distribution and storage of the produced electricity, maximizing thus the profits of wind energy investments, contributing ultimately to their further enhancement. Here we present the development and validation of selected artificial neural network (ANN) wind energy forecasting models that produce hourly forecasts for 24 hours forecast horizon. The models are developed and validated using wind speed, direction, and energy produced by a wind power plant located at a semi-mountainous area in Western Greece. The ANN forecasts are compared against those of the persistence method using the Root Means Square Error (RMSE) and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) statistics.


To begin with directionality,a new approach is proposed for fabric defect detection based on texture directionality analysis according to feature of fabric texture image.By different directional fabric defect images detection experiments,this approach is proved to enjoy the good features of reliability and validity to detect directional twill fabric defects.


A performance evaluation tool makes an important role in order to improve performance of an embedded software which has restricted computing resources. However, existing performance evaluation tools for embedded softwares cannot be used in collaborative development environment because they support only one developer with performance evaluation work under cross development environment. In this paper, we propose a performance evaluation tool for embedded softwares on collaborative development environment. A proposed tool is based on server and client model. It can have flexibility in offering and integrating the result information for the items. Through the suggested tool. developers can intuitively understand and analysis performance evaluation results each other.


The line shape parameters for the infrared vibration rotation spectrum of HD-He are calculated. They are found to be larger than those in the pure rotational case, strongly affected by collisional propagation among rotational levels in inelastic collisions and sensitive to the vibrational state dependence of the intermolecular potential.


OBJECTIVE
To determine plasma clearance kinetics and imaging biodistribution of indium 111-labeled transferrin (111In-TF) in dogs.

ANIMALS
7 adult dogs.

PROCEDURE
After 30 minutes' incubation of 18.5 MBq (0.5 mCi) of 111InCl3 with 1 ml of serum (n = 3) or 1 ml of plasma (n = 4) at 37 C, dogs were given autologous 111In-TF i.v., and serial blood samples and right lateral and dorsal scintigraphic images were obtained immediately and 1, 3, 5, 9, 22, and 48 hours later. Blood and plasma clearance kinetics were determined from a least-squares, nonlinear fit of the sample radioactivity data. Blood radioactivity was compared with plasma radioactivity to determine the extent of cellular labeling. Imaging biodistribution was characterized by subjective and objective assessment of blood pool, liver, gastrointestinal (abdomen) tract, kidney, and bone marrow activity.

RESULTS
111In-TF plasma clearance was best described by a biexponential fit, with early and late clearance half-times of 6 and 49 hours, respectively. The 111In was not redistributed between transferrin (plasma proteins) and blood cells. Imaging studies documented progressive liver and bone marrow uptake of the 111In-TF over 48 hours. Some radioactivity was evident in the colon of 1 dog on 48-hour images. Decay-corrected count rates (counts/pixel/mCi/kg/min) within the abdominal region of interest increased over the 48-hour imaging period and exceeded the blood pool (cardiac) activity at 20 hours after injection.

CONCLUSION
111In-TF has a biexponential plasma clearance in clinically normal dogs, with early and late clearance half-time of 6 and 49 hours, respectively. Scintigraphically, 111In-TF localizes to sites of iron storage (bone marrow and liver) over time. Some loss of 111In-TF via the gastrointestinal tract may be seen on late 48-hour images.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE
111In-TF appears to be a viable radiopharmaceutical for use in dogs, with specific application for identifying those with protein-losing enteropathy.


A CMOS compatible thermopile infrared sensor is fabricated with large sensing array (64X64) and small pixel size (70μm pitch). The design and simulation of the sensor confirms a wide temperature sensing range (up to 1200°C), which is appropriate for temperature detection in industrial manufacturing and human body. To improve the sensing performance, an innovative pixel structure is developed for increasing the infrared absorption, decreasing the thermal time constant, and improving the thermal isolation. The sensor is fixed for dead pixels and corrected by the NUC (non-uniformity correction) process to improve the thermal image quality. The procedure for temperature calibration between blackbody target and sensor output voltage is also described. The test results show that this newly developed thermopile infrared sensor has temperature measuring error smaller than 3%.


There is general agreement that the current teaching of secondary science is not as good as it should be. Different critics identify different weaknesses, but there is agreement that students are not learning how scientists make knowledge claims and use this knowledge. This paper assumes that one powerful influence on the development of teachers is the way they have been taught. An examination cf conceptions held by scientists teaching university science courses indicates that university science teaching may have adverse influence on the development of secondary science teachers. The difficulty the researchers identify is that university science teachers take most aspects of teaching for granted and lack the theoretical fr,mework to critique teaching practices and develop alternatives. It is hoped that the illustration of ways in which consideration of education concerns could lead to getter university science teaching. Includes 18 references. (Author) * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * * from the original document. * 11.Points& vow or opinions stated in in* doCue4 morn do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy U.E. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) IsiThis document has been reproduced as eceived from the person or organization originating it Minor changes have been mad* to improve reproduction Qualify "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Building a quality software is not easy. Many things must be considered in making a quality software. The more quality a software or application will be, the more expensive the price will be sold. YPT 2 Vocational School currently has an Integrated Financial Information System, but it is still running on a webbased platform. Foundations and school management have agreed to increase the reach of the system by utilizing the Android platform. In connection with the foregoing, a feasibility test for the School Financial Information System that is currently operational. Based on the literature review, it was found that the validation of the test could use the Rapid Application Development (RAD) model. The RAD testing involved competent parties in the system, including foundations, management, teachers and students. Testing was carried out by 20 respondents, and based on test results obtained information that value obtained from testing for completeness of the features obtained by the smallest standard error value of 0.008 and the highest error of 0.058. The ease of use variable with the smallest standard error is 0.013 and the highest is 0.063. The last variable tested was flexibility with the smallest error value of 0.015 and the highest 0.035. Based on research that has been done, it can be concluded that the YPT Financial Information System is declared suitable for use by users. The results of this study recommend that in creating a new platform, the Android platform, later to continue to base on the DBMS model that is currently tested. Developers can create a fire rest by utilizing a model of the system that is already running, so that the addition of service coverage will not at all interact with the controller and the model related to the presentation of information.


If human trafficking was to be categorized as a public health issue, could more be done to combat it? More importantly, could more be done to prevent it? By taking a public health approach to understanding and responding to human trafficking, it is apparent that marginalized populations in Moldova and other parts of Eastern Europe are often at distinct disadvantages that put them at greater risks of being trafficked. In return, this prevalent issue of human trafficking in the region exacerbates issues of marginalized populations. One particular challenge is the nexus between marginalization and migration in the region that organized networks of human trafficking take advantage of. Taking a public health approach is essential to better understanding how root causes of marginalization impact the pervasiveness of human trafficking in Moldova and the broader region. This paper will explore the use of a public health framework to human trafficking in the country and region and the policy implications of this new approach. A public health perspective offers important insight into how we can more effectively curb and perhaps eradicate human trafficking through more preventative approaches.


In 1984, the size of wage adjustments under major collective bargaining agreements in private industry reached historic lows for the Bureau of Labor Statistics 17-year-old series .' Settlements reached during the year provided adjustments (increases, decreases, and no wage change) averaging 2 .4 percent for both the first year and annually over the life of the contracts . Adjustments peaked in 1981 and have declined steadily since . (See chart 1 .) Wage adjustments actually put into effect during 1984, 3.7 percent on average, were also at a historic low . Average wage adjustments under 1984 settlements were low because wages were frozen or reduced for a substantial proportion of workers, and average increases were the smallest ever . Such developments were not new, having first emerged as a result of 1981 negotiations . They were especially evident in 1982 settlements, and persisted in 1983 and 1984 . (See table 1 .) When most of the parties involved in 1984 contracts last bargained in 1981 or 1982, the economy was in a recession and individual industries and firms were in particular difficulty . By 1984, much of the economy had emerged from the 1981-82 recession, as reflected by major economic indicators . The gross national product increased 6.8 percent in constant (1972) dollars in 1984, following a 3.3-percent increase in 1983 and a 1 .9-percent decrease in 1982 ; total industry utilization was 81 .7 percent in December 1984,


Abstract In order to study the influence of a tricritical point on the untwisting of the cholesteric helix near the phase transition cholesteric-to-smectic A light reflection measurements were carried out with cholesteryl oleyl carbonate (COC) and cholesteryl myristate (CM) up to 4.5 kbar and 95°C. The untwisting of the helix can be observed by the divergence of the wavelength of maximum light reflection λR with pressure in the phase transition region. Whereas the existence of a tricritical point in the phase diagram of COC is already known experimental evidence could be given in the case of CM as well. A comparison of the pressure dependence of λR for COC as well as for CM below and above the tricritical point shows that the divergence of λR with pressure is only little altered by the change in phase transition order.


Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a relatively common autoimmune neurological disease. One of the commonly affected organs in MS is the urinary bladder leading to disturbances in bladder function and control of micturition. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefits and convenience of using physiological tests in assessing the bladder function and their efficiency in identifying the exact cause of bladder dysfunction in MS. Materials and Methods: Sixty-three patients (41 females and 22 males) with urinary manifestations associated with MS were selected for the study, in whom 5 urodynamic studies to assess their bladder functioning were performed. All patients visited the Neuromedical Clinic in Basrah General Hospital. Results: Results fond that after applying the UDS, 46 (73.01%) of patients were found to have DO, 14 (22.22%) of patients had detrosal areflexia, and 3 (4.7%) had detrusor sphincter dyssynergia. Conclusion: Urgency, with or without incontinence, and frequency are the most common urological problems that face MS patients; therefore, these complaints should be considered seriously by health-care professionals in addition urodynamic studies can be used as an efficient diagnostic test when MS is diagnosed to determine the exact type of the bladder dysfunction; thus, can plan appropriate treatment.


To understand the effects and the mechanism of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) addition on the bagasse alkaline black liquor (BABL) pyrolysis, the reaction variables such as temperature, heating rate, and amount of Na2CO3 addition into BABL-solids were investigated under N2 atmosphere from 50 °C to 1000 °C by thermogravimetic analysis (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Coats–Redfern method (CRM) were employed for surface microscopic morphology observations and kinetic analysis, respectively. The results showed that Na2CO3 plays an inhibiting and promoting role during devolatilization (200 °C to 650 °C) and the reduction stages (650 °C to 1000 °C), respectively. Adding Na2CO3 into BABL-solids tends to increase the thickness of the salt layer covering the BABL-solids surface, which increases the activation energy and reduces the weight loss ratio of BABL-solids pyrolysis within 200 °C to 650 °C. Adding Na2CO3 into the BABL-solids tends to increase the number of alkaline compounds or the active site of the reduction reaction, which reduces the activation energy and increases the weight loss ratio of BABL-solids pyrolysis within 650 °C to 1000 °C. The role of Na2CO3 as an additive could be well understood by studying the influence mechanism of Na2CO3 on BABL-solids pyrolysis.


Chitinases play an important role in regulating plant growth and development, especially defending themselves from fungal pathogens. It is important to do the biological analyses in crops. In this study, the result showed that the chitinases were distributed into the whole genome in rice, and nearly the whole genome in maize expect for Chromosome 9. The clustering results showed that one out of three chitinases from maize and rice belonged to new groups, which were separated from those in the conformed Classes I-VII. The identification of most amino acid sequences was very low among the chitinases from rice and/or maize. It was inferred that the chitinases with different functions were relatively stable during plant evolution. The relationship of chitinases expression between leaf blade and anther was positively significant in maize, but not significant in rice. Additionally, the ratio of chitinases with up- or down-regulated expression in sensitive maize under Fusarium moniliforme inoculation was different from that in sensitive rice under Magnaporthe grisea inoculation. It might be result from different tissues infected by different fungi. The number of chitinases from resistant maize was less than that from sensitive maize, which inferred that the resistant pathways on F. moniliforme should be not only chitin induced Pathogen-associated molecular PTI (patterns-triggered immunity) pathway, but also might include other PTI pathways that improve tolerance to F. moniliforme. The analysis of expression pattern of chitinases from maize and rice under fungi inoculation will be contributed into further research on the defense mechanism of fungi in crops.


Abstract STUDY QUESTION Does an individualized serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) based FSH dosing algorithm used in a GnRH antagonist protocol increase the proportion of patients with an intended number of oocytes (5–14) retrieved compared with a standard regimen? SUMMARY ANSWER The AMH-based individualized algorithm did not increase the proportion of patients with an intended oocyte retrieval. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Individualizing treatment for ovarian stimulation by serum AMH or antral follicle count can theoretically improve the ratio between benefits and risks. Current data suggest that there may be a reduced risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS), but without improved pregnancy or live birth rates. Only two randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have examined the potential of AMH-based algorithms to optimize the FSH dosing in ovarian stimulation. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A dual-center open-label investigator-driven RCT was conducted between January 2013 and November 2016. Eligibility was assessed in 269 women and 221 were randomized 2:1 between individualized and standard dosing groups. Women with pretreatment serum AMH > 24 pmol/L had 100 IU/day of recombinant FSH (rFSH); AMH 12–24 pmol/L had 150 IU/day of rFSH, and AMH < 12 pmol/L had maximal stimulation with corifollitropin 100 or 150 mg depending on bodyweight ±60 kg. The standard group had 150 IU/day of rFSH irrespective of pretreatment AMH. All patients followed the GnRH-antagonist protocol. The sample size calculation assumed that individualized dosing by AMH would reduce the proportion of unintended oocyte yield (outside the 5–14 range) by 50%, from 35 to 17.5%. In a 2:1 randomization this required 216 patients: 144 in the individualized and 72 patients in the standard group (80% power, 5% significance). PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS All women had a presumed ovulatory normal menstrual cycle, were aged 25–38 years, weighed < 75 kg, had pretreatment AMH 4–40 pmol/L, did their first IVF or ICSI cycle and had two ovaries accessible to oocyte retrieval. Recruitment was conducted from both participating sites. Women were excluded if diagnosed with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis grade III/IV, hydrosalpings on ultrasound, recurrent miscarriages (≥3), FSH > 12 IU/L or major medical disorders. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After randomization 149 women were allocated to the individualized group and 72 to the standard group. The primary outcome of women with an intended (5–14) number of oocytes retrieved was similar in the individualized (n = 105) versus the standard (n = 55) rFSH treatment group (72% [95% CI 64–79%] versus 78% [95% CI 67–86%], respectively, P = 0.68, between group standardized mean difference (SMD) −6%, 95% CI: −19–8%). In the high AMH stratum of the individualized group, significantly more women (n = 13) had an unintended low number of oocytes (<5) retrieved (38% [95% CI: 23–55%]) compared with the standard group (6% [95% CI 0.3–24%], P = 0.029, between group SMD 32%, 95% CI: 9–56%). Conversely, in the low pretreatment AMH stratum, individualized dosing using corifollitropin reduced the proportion of unintended low responders to 24% (95% CI: 12–40%) compared with 47% (95% CI: 26–69%) in the standard group, P = 0.10, between group SMD −23% (95% CI: −54–8%). OHSS was diagnosed in four women (two in each study arm), and all cases were mild. Daily luteal phase questionnaire reporting showed similar wellbeing in terms of abdominal distention, abdominal pain, dyspnea and occurrence of bleeding between groups. The cumulative live birth rate per started cycle was similar (32 and 35%) comparing the individualized with the standard group. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study was powered for showing differences only in the distribution of oocyte retrieval when comparing individualized and standard groups, therefore additional results should be viewed with caution. In addition, there was a change of AMH assay halfway through the study period and the possibility that corifollitropin being introduced to a subgroup of the intervention has introduced confounding cannot be ruled out. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF FINDINGS In the expected high responder AMH stratum, 100 IU/day is an insufficient rFSH dose in a high proportion of patients. Further research might explore the 125 IU/day dose for the high AMH segment. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None for the submitted work. ICMJE declared personal interests for two of the authors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER EUDRACT registration number: 2012-004969-40. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE 27 November 2012. DATE OF FIRST PATIENT'S ENROLLMENT 10 January 2013.


Present scenario in the world, particularly large cities facing the problem with the tall structures (skyscrapers) because of increasing the population and congested area, especially like Dubai, japan and Malaysia etc. Present work, the research is conducted to check the seismic performance of outrigger system at 10 and 20 storey and core walls at center position of building in zone III. For this research work G+20 storey of tall RC frame structure 20m x 15 m has been analyzed in zone III with FEM based software ETABS is chosen. Totally 3 models are analyzed for outrigger system with channel section at 10 & 20 Storey with core wall and seismic performance is checked by lateral deflection, storey drifts and storey shear and checked the comparative study of model 1(Bare frame) with model 2 (Bare frame with outrigger system at 10 storey) & model 3 (Bare frame with outrigger system at 10 storey). From the comparisons of 3 models, more deflection existing in model 1 as compared to other models because of providing the outrigger system to tall structures and controlling the storey drifts and storey shear in tall structures.


The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) plays an important role in supporting scientific research. A descriptive study was performed to understand the situation supported by the NSFC in a comprehensive teaching hospital during 2011 to 2019. The relevant situation was statistically analyzed during 2011-2019, including the amount of applications and grant, funding rate, and appropriation.During the past 9 years, the total funding rate of the science foundation was 14.29% (51/357), with a total appropriation of 189.485 ten thousands Yuan.In the past 9 years, the number of funding applications and the number of project approval showed an overall trend of fluctuation, with the project funding rate between 7.69% and 27.27%, and showed no  significant changing trend in the funding rate during 2011- 2019 (χ2trend=0.54, P=0.464). We found that the approval rates of male (16.30%) and doctoral applicants (20.98%) were significantly higher than those of female (7.41%) and non-doctoral applicants (5.26%). Hospital need to introduce doctoral talents, increase investment in scientific research, and improve the motivation of medical staff to apply for the NSFC.


PURPOSE:To improve lighting performance of a discharge lamp to be used as back light at the time of starting, and stabilize action at the time of instantaneous power failure. CONSTITUTION:A horizontal synchronization signal or a signal of the same cycle as the signal is inputted from an external signal input terminal 31, and a monostable multi-vibrator 20 generates pulse signals of a constant cycle by this signal, where its pulse width is determined by a pulse width setting circuit 21. At the time of starting, a pulse width changing circuit 22 sets a the pulse width by the pulse width setting circuit 21 large, and after lapse of a specified period, the pulse width by the pulse width setting circuit 21 is set small. In the meanwhile, a starting delay circuit 23 is provided to prohibit output of the pulse signals from the monostable multi-vibrator 20 for a specified time after starting. At the time of instantaneous power failure, an instantaneous power failure detection circuit 24 detects it, and quick discharge from a capacitor C2 and a capacitor C3 is performed by a reset circuit 25, where the pulse width changing circuit 22 and the starting delay circuit 23 are initialized instantaneously.


Wujing Lun is important material for studying the thoughts and theories of Su.Nonetheless historically there have been only ambiguous claims on its origin.Mr.Gu has backed-up it as the works of Su Zhe,but this theory will be strongly challenged by the author's study.This essay more logically concludes that,on a thorough analysis of its constructions,contents and a variety of different editions as well,Wujing Lun should be the works of Sushi.


This study investigates the impact of parental primary childcare time (quality time) and parental sec- ondary childcare time (multi-tasking time) on children's overweight probability using data collected from each parent and one child aged 9-16 from 311 families in Houston MSA, US. We find that the primary childcare time is not marginally more important than the secondary childcare time and paternal childcare time is especially important for young children (age 9-11). Furthermore, if parents of overweight children adopt the time inputs of parents of healthy weight children, the predicted over- weight probability decreases by *15% on average, ceteris paribus. If either one of the parents is completely unin- volved, the overweight probability increases by *21% on average, ceteris paribus.


Random-walk filter is widely used in Bit Synchronizer of modern telemetry system and other digital communication systems in order to enhance anti-jamming ability and reliability of a system.In the specialty experiment teaching of undergraduates,that they are not only able to make use of advanced experiment equipment and instruments for better understanding and good command of fundamentals of a system,but also can visually and concretely comprehend working process of random-walk filter is what we expect.In this article,we introduce a circuit plate of Random-walk filter designed by ourselves which functions efficiently.The design,hardware composition,and function principles are also mentioned in detail.


This study aims to analyze the effect of applying inquiry learning strategies to the lack of critical thinking andcreativity in elementary school students. The method used is a qualitative method based on the results ofliteratureresearch, namely collecting data from books, journals, theses, and others related to the relationship in the discussion. Elementary Student Creativity. In its implementation, this inquiry approach trains students on problems that have intellectual challenges and is planned in activities whose purpose is to guide children to be able to find something for themselves.


Many urologists use urodynamic testing (UDS) to assist clinical decision‐making. The VALUE study, a multi‐institutional, randomized controlled trial published in 2012, demonstrated that UDS prior to midurethral sling placement for uncomplicated stress urinary incontinence (SUI) did not change management. We sought to determine whether use of UDS for evaluation of SUI diminished thereafter.


In scanning pages with double-sided printing, often the printing on the back-side shows through in the scan of the front-side because the paper is not completely opaque. This show- through is an undesirable artifact that one would like to remove. In this paper, the phenomenon of show-through is analyzed using first physical principles to obtain a simplified mathematical model. The model is linearized using suitable transformations and simpli- fying approximations. Based on the linearized model, an adaptive linear filtering scheme is developed for the electronic removal of show-through using scans of both sides of the document. Experi- mental results demonstrating the effectiveness of the method de- veloped are presented. Index Terms—Adaptive filtering, restoration, scanning, show- through.


In this study, the artificial neural network method has been employed for the generation of the new two-body matrix elements which is used for pfg shell nuclei. For this purpose, jj44b interaction Hamiltonian has been considered as a source. After the generation of the new Hamiltonian, both, original and new generated, are tested on proton-rich Zn isotopes. According to the results, the calculated values are close to the each other. As well the results from new interaction (jj44b_nn) are closer to the available experimental values in some cases.


Objective
To explore the influencing factors of wrist dorsal extension angle and wrist function recovery after distal radius fractures.

Methods
From July 2012 to January 2016, 116 patients with distal radius fractures were treated with palmar plate internal fixation. Follow-up included wrist range of motion, X-ray, measurement of imaging parameters, complications, grip strength, pinch strength, PRWE and DASH scores. According to the recovery of dorsal extension angle and Gartland-Werley scoring criteria, patients with dorsal extension angle less than 45° were classified as groupⅠ (functional restricted group), and patients with dorsal extension angle more than 45° were classified as group Ⅱ (functional unrestricted group). Then, the differences of age, injury side, fracture type, imaging parameters, ulnar styloid process fracture and complications between the two groups were compared, and whether these factors were the influencing factors of different dorsal extension angles were judged. The effects of these factors on wrist PRWE and DASH scores were analyzed.

Results
There were no significant differences in age, injured side, fracture type, imaging parameters and whether there were fractures of ulnar styloid process between the two groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences in wrist flexion angle, ulnar deviation angle, pronation angle and grip strength between the two groups. The parameters of groupⅠwere lower than those of groupⅡ(P<0.05). The survival analysis of influencing factors of wrist dorsal extension recovery showed that the recovery of ulnar inclination and palmar inclination had an effect on wrist dorsal extension by univariate analysis, while age had an effect on wrist dorsal extension by multivariate analysis; age and ulnar variation had an effect on PRWE score by univariate analysis, and gender and ulnar variation had an effect on PRWE score by multivariate analysis; age had an impact on DASH score by univariate analysis, and gender had an impact on DASH score by multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
Patients' age, ulnar inclination and palmar inclination are important factors affecting wrist dorsal extension, while age, gender and ulnar variation affect PRWE and DASH scores in varying degrees.

Key words:
Radius fractures; Wrist joint; Dorsal extension; Influencing factors


The invention relates to a device for the impregnation of liquids with a gas, such. B. carbonization of tap water. To the impregnated liquid with the gas bubbles as possible over a z. B. formed as a faucet liquid discharge means with shut-off device (14, 15) to be able to tap, it is suggested between the gas feed means (19, 17, 18) and the shut-off device (14) comprises a pressure holding valve (22) with deaeration interpose (figure).


Abstract: In this paper, we introduce a generalization of Liu–Yang's weighted norm to linear and to nonlinear hyperbolic equations. Following an approach due to the second author for piecewise constant solutions, we establish sharp L continuous dependence estimates for general solutions of bounded variation. Two different strategies are successfully investigated. On one hand, we justify passing to the limit in an L estimate valid for piecewise constant wave-front tracking approximations. On the other hand, we use the technique of generalized characteristics and, following closely an approach by Dafermos, we derive the sharp L estimate directly from the equation.


the official doctrine of judicial review, a holding that a legislative act is void is rendered only for the purpose of deciding a case. Yet in fact, such holdings are treated as binding in futuro on the other departments of the government until the Court itself chooses to cast them aside. Although Mr. Boudin appears to think that this is a modern development in judicial review, he is mistaken (See e.g. The Federalist, 39). Yet again, judicial review requires the theory that the Constitution is complete, and so affords an answer to every question of governmental competence that can be put to it. This manifestly is a mere fiction, and a peculiarly absurd one as regards a constitution which was framed 145 years ago; and at the very outset of the national government the alternative theory that the Constitution has gaps which it is primarily the business of legislation to supply was advanced by no less a person than James Madison (I, 291-4; see also II, 52-3). Mr. Boudin gives us, in italics, his final verdict regarding judicial review in the following words: ' ' There is a steady absorption of power by the United States Supreme Court at the expense of all other departments of government and of the people themselves" (pp. 548-9). Of the "absorption of power" at least, there would seem to be no ground for rational doubt, and that it has been at somebody's expense is highly presumable.


Abstract Archaeological investigations at the site of Marco Gonzalez on Ambergris Caye, Belize have revealed a long continuous occupation sequence extendingfrom at least the Late Preclassic into the Late Postclassic periods. This location, so rich in many marine-based resources and well placed to serve as a trading seaport, was completely lacking in suitable lithic raw material for chipped stone tool manufacture. Consequently, the Marco Gonzalez Maya developed complex strategies for the curation ofthe limited chert and chalcedony tools importedfrom the mainland. The inhabitants ofthis site focused on maintaining reusing and recycling the formal stone tools to reduce the rate oflithic raw material consumption and extend tool use-lives. They relied on the informal component ofthe assemblage for the further completion oftasks on the caye. To reconstruct the specific patterns of stone tool procurement and use at Marco Gonzalez, the lithic assemblage was examined in terms of tool typology, raw material types, reduction strategies, and tool functions based on microwear analysis.


Summary form only given. Nanoscale electronic devices are considered as a new frontier beyond conventional microelectronics. In this article, the author shows how it is possible to couple large-scale quantum electronic structure calculations with non-equilibrium Green function formulation to design new paradigms for nano devices. In particular, the author presents recent findings on a nano-switch based on the encapsulation of a donor/acceptor molecule within a carbon nanotube. The switching behavior is analyzed in detail and a novel model for nanoscale non-volatile memory element is presented.


The field of soft x-ray laser research is at a point between the first demonstrations of x-ray amplification and the onset and widespread application of modest—sized x-ray lasers. The past several years have seen great strides in x-ray amplifier performance as well as the demonstration of proof—of—principle x-ray laser applications. In the near term, the challenge for the x-ray laser community will be to develop compact x-ray lasers and to carry out an applications experiment of crucial importance to an identifiable community of interested users. Achieving these goals will require furthering our understanding of basic amplifier physics and increasing our technological capabilities with x-ray lasers. In this paper, we summarize the results obtained to date in these areas, with emphasis on the most recent developments.


Rapid industrialization has led to substantial decline in the quality of the environment. The long journey from mining of iron ores to the production of finished steel generates a variety of solid, gaseous and liquid wastes in considerable quantities. Some of the wastes have adverse effects that have long-term influence and demand remedies. Therefore, it is essential that proper management of harmful wastes be done on priority basis for maintaining clean environment.
This paper discusses in detail the various metallurgical wastes generated in steel plants and their effects on environment. The paper also deals with the necessity of recyling of metallurgical wastes and measures taken by Indian integrated steel plants to save and maintain clean environment in and around the factory premises. Some of the recent clean technologies adopted abroad have been briefly presented.


Fix a prime p ≥ 5, field embeddings C i∞ ←↩ Q ip ↪→ Qp and a positive integer N prime to p. Consider the space of modular forms Mk+1(Γ0(Np ), ψ) with (p N, r ≥ 0) (including Eisenstein series) and cusp forms Sk+1(Γ0(Np ), ψ). Let the ring Z[ψ] ⊂ C and Zp[ψ] ⊂ Qp be generated by the values ψ over Z and Zp, respectively. The Hecke algebra over Z[ψ] is H = Z[ψ][T (n)|n = 1, 2, · · · ] ⊂ End(Mk+1(Γ0(Np), ψ)). We put Hk+1,ψ = Hk+1,ψ/W = H ⊗Z[ψ] W for a p-adic discrete valuation ring W ⊂ Qp containing Zp[ψ]. Sometimes our T (p) is written as U(p) as the level is divisible by p. The ordinary part Hk+1,ψ/W ⊂ Hk+1,ψ/W is the maximal ring direct summand on which U(p) is invertible. Let ψ1 = ψN × the tame p-part of ψ. Then, we have a unique 'big' Hecke algebra H = Hψ1/W such that (1) H is free of finite rank over Λ := W [[T ]] equipped with T (n) ∈ H for all n, (2) if k ≥ 1 and ε : Z×p → μp∞ is a character, H/(1 + T − ψ(γ)ε(γ)γ)H ∼= Hk+1,εψk (γ = 1 + p) for ψk := ψ1ω,


With Q's in the tens to hundreds of thousands, micromachined vibrating resonators are proposed as IC-compatible tanks for use in the low phase noise oscillators and highly selective filters of communications subsystems. To date, LF oscillators have been fully integrated using merged CMOS+microstructure technologies, and bandpass filters consisting of spring-coupled micromechanical resonators have been demonstrated in the HF range. In particular, two-resonator micromechanical bandpass filters have been demonstrated with frequencies up to 14.5 MHz, percent bandwidths on the order of 0.2%, and insertion losses less than 1 dB. Higher-order three-resonator filters with frequencies near 455 kHz have also been achieved, with equally impressive insertion losses for 0.09% bandwidths, and with more than 64 dB of passband rejection. Evidence suggests that the ultimate frequency range of this high-Q tank technology depends upon material limitations, as well as design constraints-in particular, to the degree of electromechanical coupling achievable in micro-scale resonators.


In a recent breakthrough, Viazovska and Cohn, Kumar, Miller, Radchenko, Viazovska solved the sphere packing problem in $\mathbb{R}^8$ and $\mathbb{R}^{24}$, respectively, by exhibiting explicit optimal functions, arising from the theory of weakly modular forms, for the Cohn-Elkies linear program in those dimensions. These functions have roots exactly at the lengths of points of the corresponding optimal lattices: $\{\sqrt{2n}\}_{n\geq 1}$ for the $E_8$ lattice, and $\{\sqrt{2n}\}_{n\geq 2}$, for the Leech lattice. The constructions of these optimal functions are in part motivated by the locations of the zeros. But what are the roots of optimal functions in other dimensions? We prove a number of theorems about the location of the zeros of optimal functions in arbitrary dimensions. In particular, we prove that distances between root lengths are bounded from above for $n \geq 1$ and not bounded from below for $n \geq 2$, and that the root lengths have to be arbitrarily close for arbitrarily long, that is, for any $C, \varepsilon > 0$, there is an interval of length $C$ in which the root lengths are at most $\varepsilon$ apart. We also establish a technique that allows one to improve a non-optimal function in some cases.


A three-dimensional CFD simulation is performed to investigate the water flows past a square artificial reef with side of 3 m under the five different incoming velocities(0.1,0.2,0.4,0.6 and 0.8m/s respectively).The numerical results obtained from the perpendicular flow plane show that: an upwelling is formed as water flow approaches the reef,and a small vortex zone above the top surface of the reef as well as a large wake vortex region are created due to the flow separation;the maximum and average velocities of the upwelling current are 0.64 and 0.12 times of the incoming velocity,respectively;the upwelling height,wake vortex height and the length of the wake vortex region are about 2.62 to 2.65,1.1 to 1.2 and 3.0 to 3.5 times of the reef height,respectively.The numerical results obtained from the horizontal flow plane show that: water flow decelerates around the reef,small vortex zones are formed on the two sides of the reef and a large vortex region is produced in the wake of the reef;the wake vortex structures vary with the inflow velocity but the maximum width of the wake vortex region is almost unchanged with the incoming velocity,which is about two times as big as the reef width.


Subject
 New privacy guidelines.

 Significance
 The EU wants contact tracing apps for tackling COVID-19 to be effective, secure and privacy-compliant. Its efforts have exposed how its existing rules on data are adapting (or not) to the extraordinary public health crisis.

 Impacts
 Fear of mass surveillance and data breaches will reduce public participation in tracer apps, casting doubts over their effectiveness.
 The EU's digital strategy, notably in terms of reviewing the effectiveness of GDPR, may be rethought in response to the COVID-19 crisis.
 If tracer apps are not inter-operable across national borders, lifting intra-EU travel restrictions will become harder.


The effects of Norfloxacin Lactate on the activities of CAT,AKP,GOT and GPT in the liver of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) were measured under one-time chest injection.The results showed that the value of CAT and AKP increased first and decreased afterwards.The maximal and minimum value of CAT appearanced on the fifth and twentieth day after injection,respectively.And AKP expressed the maximal and minimum value on the tenth and twentieth day,respectively.The maximal value of CAT and AKP was observed when the injection dosage was 150 mg/kg.The activities of GOT declined as the injection dose increased.There was a statistical significant difference with control group when the drug concentration was 100 mg/kg on the fifth day after injection.There was,however,no statistical significant difference among test group as the experiment last,It was the same with the activities of GPT.It was indicated that it might be make the best drug effect,and couldn′t result in apparent injury in the liver when the drug dosage was 50~100 mg/kg.


: Introduction : CT urography is an imaging technique in which the i.v contrast is injected and phases of CT scan are taken to study the entire urinary system. It has essentially replaced intravenous urography (IVU) in most imaging practices. CT Urography has evolved as an ideal imaging tool for comprehensive imaging assessment of patients with flank pain, malignancies, hematuria, trauma, renal calculi, suspected congenital malformations and in various clinical settings . Other CT advantages include the use of multiplanar reconstruction (MPR), curved planar reformatted images, maximum intensity projection (MIP) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction which gives valuable information to the clinician about the extent of the lesions and helps in management. Aim : To study various types of ureteric abnormalities in CT Urography in various clinical presentation. Materials and methods : This is a tertiary hospital based observational Descriptive Cross sectional study conducted on 360 patients referred for CT Urography with Clinical Signs & Symptoms of urinary tract abnormalities, having ureteric imaging abnormalities. Siemens somatum High Definition 128 slice CT scanner was used for single bolus CT urography. Results


The theories of lubrication were reviewed and it was concluded that neither the hydrodynamic theory nor the boundary theory permits an adequate description and explanation of lubrication in synovial joints.It is suggested, in principle, that joint lubrication depends on the existence of a thixotropi


This document contains major provisions of Ontario, Canada's 1987 Pay Equity Act. The Act seeks to redress systemic gender discrimination in compensation for work performed by employees in "female job classes" and applies to all private sector employers in Ontario with 10 or more employees, all public sector employers, and the employees of applicable employers. The Act continues to apply even if an employer subsequently reduces the number of employees below 10. The Act calls for identification of systemic gender discrimination in compensation through comparisons between female job classes and male job classes in terms of compensation and value of work performed, which is a composite of skill, effort, and responsibility normally required. Pay equity is deemed achieved when the job rate for the female job class is at least equal to the rate for a male job class in the same establishment. If there is no male job class to use for comparison, pay equity is achieved when the female job rate is at least equal to the job rate of a male job class in the same establishment that, at the time of comparison, had a higher job rate while performing work of lower value than the female job class. Differences in compensation between a female and a male job class are allowed if they result from a formal seniority system that does not discriminate on basis of gender, a temporary training or development assignment equally available to males and females, a specified merit compensation plan, actions taken as the result of a gender-neutral reevaluation process, or a skills shortage leading to a temporary inflation in compensation. Pay equity will not be achieved by reducing any employee's compensation. The Act establishes a Pay Equity Commission to oversee implementation.


Energy autonomy enabled by the energy efficient design and the energy harvesting is the one of the top requirements for maintenance-free IoT sensor nodes and wearable/implanted devices. In this paper, energy efficient ultra-low voltage (<; 0.5V) circuits are shown. Energy autonomous wearable healthcare devices using the flexible, large-area, and distributed organic electronics are also shown.


Folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma (FSCH) is a rare cutaneous hamartoma composed of follicular, sebaceous, and mesenchymal elements. Especially interesting is its differential with another benign tumor sebaceous trichofolliculoma with which it shares several histologic features. This case report highlights the association of FSCH with neurofibroma and discusses its possible common pathogenesis.


Conducting polymers (CPs) were first fabricated in the 70s of XX century as a novel generation of organic materials that have both electrical and optical properties similar to those of metals and inorganic semiconductors. The fact that several tissues are responsive to electrical fields and stimuli has made CPs attractive for a number of biological and medical applications. This review provides information on desirable CP properties specific to biomedical applications and how CPs have been optimized to generate these properties. The manuscript first introduces different types of CPs, their unique properties and their synthesis. Then specific information is provided on their modification for use in applications such as biosensors, medical engineering, and also neural probes.


This paper tests for downward nominal wage rigidity in agricultural labour markets using transitory labour demand shocks induced by plausibly exogenous rainfall fluctuations. The results suggest that downward adjustment of nominal wages is a function of the cost of maintaining the nominal wage at the prevailing level: nominal wages adjust downwards when these costs are high, while they remain fixed when the costs of keeping the wage level constant are relatively low. In particular, I exploit the fact that past positive productivity shocks exogenously increase these costs by raising the prevailing nominal wage level. I show that nominal wages only decline when negative productivity shocks are preceded by a positive shock. By providing convergent evidence from large repeated cross-sections and data on individual nominal wage changes, I rule out that my results are driven by compositional changes in my sample or selective migration. Furthermore, I provide evidence of persistent employment effects of positive agricultural productivity shocks, which suggests that the potential negative employment effects of downwardly rigid nominal wages can be at least partially offset by employment rigidities. I present a simple model of agricultural labour markets including reference dependent utility over nominal wage cuts and firing frictions which is consistent with the observed wage and employment rigidities. JEL Codes: J23, J31, J43, Q12 ∗St. Peter's College, University of Oxford, New Inn Hall St, OX1 2DL Oxford, firstname.lastname@example.com. I am grateful to my supervisor Dr. Climent Quintana-Domeque for his guidance and encouragement in working on this paper. I also thank Christopher Roth for valuable feedback throughout the process of writing this paper. For helpful discussions and feedback, I thank Simon Franklin, Douglas Gollin, Surpreet Kaur, Clement Imbert, Simon Quinn, Jan Priebe, Giulio Schinaia, Timo Reinelt, Sasha Parameswaran, and my wonderful girlfriend Sangjung Ha. I gratefully acknowledge financial support by the German National Academic Foundation and the German National Academic Exchange Service.


Electric power windows using an all‐transparent oxide photoelectric device have the potential to shield and exploit ultraviolet radiation. Herein, an Al:ZnO embedded large area all‐transparent ZnO/NiO electric power window is presented. A large‐scale (1‐in. square) device fabricated with the structure of FTO/AZO/ZnO/NiO/AgNW exhibits a visible light transmittance >70% and photovoltaic performance with an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 3.13% under UV illumination (λ = 365 nm). The spectral attributes of this heterostructure are analyzed using I–V plots, photoresponse, and photo‐carrier lifetime (τ), which reveal the co‐occurrence of photovoltaic and pyro‐phototronic effects, and τ value tuning from 9 to 38.5 ms by tuning λs. The device exhibits higher efficiency at a λ of 410 nm due to exciton attributed optoelectronics at room temperature. Further, the device demonstrates a 380% enhanced photocurrent value, with speed of <40 µs. The functional use of AZO‐based back surface field would improve transparent photovoltaics which can be applied to the on‐site power generation of building windows, and protect human beings from harmful UV exposure. It is suggested that the formation of a back‐surface field is required to enhance the underlying performance of all‐transparent oxide photo‐electronics, including solar cells, photodetectors, sensors, and memory devices.


The present invention relates to a semen sterculiae lychnophorae health-care drink which is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 15-25 parts of semen sterculiae lychnophorae, 2-5 parts of dry shredded ginger, 5-8 parts of perilla frutescens, 2-5 parts of honey, and 35-50 parts of water. The semen sterculiae lychnophorae health-care drink is suitable for both old and young people, and can quench thirst, at the same time lower cholesterol and blood lipids, has no side effects, and promotes metabolism.


The structure–catalytic property relationships of Al2O3-supported Pt–Sn nanoparticles (Pt–Sn/Al2O3) in the dehydrogenation of methylcyclohexane (MCH) were investigated by varying the Sn/Pt ratios o...


BACKGROUND
Porous ceramic biomaterials structures are accepted components in applied research in the field of tissue engineering due to their mechanical properties being closer to structural tissue like bone or other properties related to improved biocompatibility.

OBJECTIVE
Hollow-strut, silica enriched zirconia foams were made by replication of polyurethane via impregnation with a suspension of zirconia-particles in polysiloxane.

METHODS
Two-step heat treatment allowed conversion of the precursor structures into hollow-strut ceramic foams which were tested for their biocompatibility using an osteoblast cell line. Further, the material was characterized via different spectroscopic (Raman-spectroscopy, EDX) and imaging (SEM, μCT) methods.

RESULTS
The material shows open cell porosity with hollow struts and sufficient structural integrity for handling and an expected chemistry as investigated by Raman and EDX spectroscopy. The material further supported cell growth and overall good biocompatibility.

CONCLUSIONS
The investigated composite foam shows promising properties and is potentially interesting as candidate material for future bone tissue engineering applications.


The essays collected in the volume under review Sufis and Their Opponents in the Persianate World, pay tribute to the memory and legacy of Leonard Lewisohn, a renowned scholar of Sufi history and d...


Commercial and laboratory-prepared V2O5-WO3/TiO2-based catalysts with different compositions were tested for catalytic decomposition of chlorobenzene (ClBz) in simulated waste combustion flue gas. Resonance enhanced multiphoton ionisation-time of flight mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) was employed to measure real-time trace concentrations of ClBz contained in the flue gas before and after use of the catalyst. The results showed that the ClBz decomposition efficiency was significantly enhanced when nano-TiO2 instead of conventional TiO2 was used as the catalyst support. No promotion effects were found in the ClBz decomposition process when the catalysts were wet-impregnated with CuO and CeO2. A comparison between ClBz and benzene decomposition on the V2O5-WO3/TiO2-based catalyst showed that different active sites were likely involved in the decomposition mechanism, and the V=O and V-O-Ti groups may only work to catalyse the degradation of the phenyl group and the benzene ring rather than the C-Cl bond.


Various tests in organisms have been utilized for the detection and identification of toxic substances in air, water and soil. The development of comet assay for aquatic organisms is of particular relevance in testing for e nvironmental pollutants. In the present study, the comet assay was applied on fish, Channa striatus . DNA damage was assessed in the metabolic tissue, liver and reproductive tissue, testis. The highest degree of DNA damage and comet % scores were seen in experimental fishes when compared to control. Results of DNA damage in both liver and testis were significant (P<0.05). Comet parameters (comet % and tail length) in the experimental tissue samples were significant (P<0.05). The results suggests a genotoxi c nature of the tannery effluent. Comet assay in fish provides adequate sensitivity to be utilized as a tool in the monitoring of water pollution and environmental risk assessment.


In this brief note, I summarize some of Phil O'Keefe's contributions to the discipline of geography. I focus on there specific interventions and show his lasting impact.


The invention relates to a method for detecting performance of a power station boiler air pre-heater. The method comprises the step one of building a detecting platform, the step two of sampling and inputting, wherein data are collected and original data are input, and the step three of calculating, wherein an air leakage rate AL of the air pre-heater is calculated, the smoke efficiency of the air pre-heater is calculated, and a heat transfer ratio of the air pre-heater X is calculated according to a formula (15). Various kinds of sensors required by the method are easy to install, and therefore the problem of on-line monitoring of the performance of the power station boiler air pre-heater in normal operation is solved, and ration data of the operation state of the air pre-heater can be provided for operation and maintenance of a power station boiler.


The two species of the genus Megalobrama are delicious food-fishes. Megalobrama terrninalis is more widly distributed; whereas the distribution of M. amblycephala is limited to lakes of the middle and lower Yangtze-kiang valley. As far as I am aware, the biology of these fishes is very incompletely known. During the year 1956 to 1957, a biological study of these fishes was undertaken in Lake Liang-Tze, Hupeh Province, and the results are dealt with here. The growth, the habitat, the age determination, the fluctuation of the metric and numeral characters, the reproduction and embryonic development, etc. form the principal items of this investigation. M. amblycephala is one of the herbivorus fishes, it feeds mainly on the aquatic plants, among which Vallisneria spiralis L. appears the most important. M. terminalis feeds on both the aquatic plants and the fresh-water mytilid—Lirnnoperna lacustris (V. Martens). The age of these fishes can be determined by the intersection of the different groups of circuli on the scale and also by the difference between the dense and loose groups of circuli. The time of the annulus formation is in May and June. The body lengths representing the growth rates of both fishes are nearly the same. One year old individuals measure 120—230 mm. in body length and 2 years old individuals measure 250—320 mm. These measurements are corkelated with the calculation from the scale reading which is made from the focus to the boundary line between the lateral field and the posterior field. Individuals of one year and 2 years old formthe main component of the catch. Generally M. amblycephala of 2 years old, and M. terminalis of 3 years old ottain the sexual maturity. At the same age, a gravid M. amblycephala produces more eggs than that of M. termi- nalis. The breeding seasons of the two species are almost the same. Commencing from early May to late June, when the water temperature ranges from 19° to 28℃. During the breeding season, pearl organs appear at the caudal peduncle, suborbital and back of body, more in male than in female. The spawning ground is situated in the locality of the lake where the flowing of water is slow. The eggs adhere to the aquatic plants. The embryonic development of the M. arnblycephala observed in the aquaria shows that hatching takes place 44 hrs. after fertization at the temperature of 20°— 25℃. In the winter, schools of M. amblycephala are usually found in muddy concave areas at bottom of the lake, but those of M. terminalis hide between rocks. The impovement of the natural resources of these fishes in Liang-Tze Lake is also discussed.


Significance Plants respond to herbivory and pathogenic infection with the synthesis of various defense compounds, including volatile compounds that are emitted into the environment. These volatiles can be perceived by neighboring plants and "prime" them for an attack by the specific attacker. We found that whitefly-infested tomato plants release volatiles that prime a defense against pathogens in neighboring plants, which goes at the cost of defenses against insect herbivores, making the neighboring plants more suitable for whitefly development. This apparent ability of whiteflies to manipulate plant defense responses through induced volatile emissions could explain the rapid spread of this invasive pest, and a good understanding of the mechanisms that are involved may lead to novel pest control strategies. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is one of the world's most important invasive crop pests, possibly because it manipulates plant defense signaling. Upon infestation by whiteflies, plants mobilize salicylic acid (SA)-dependent defenses, which mainly target pathogens. In contrast, jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent defenses are gradually suppressed in whitefly-infested plants. The down-regulation of JA defenses make plants more susceptible to insects, including whiteflies. Here, we report that this host–plant manipulation extends to neighboring plants via airborne signals. Plants respond to insect attack with the release of a blend of inducible volatiles. Perception of these volatiles by neighboring plants usually primes them to prepare for an imminent attack. Here, however, we show that whitefly-induced tomato plant volatiles prime SA-dependent defenses and suppress JA-dependent defenses, thus rendering neighboring tomato plants more susceptible to whiteflies. Experiments with volatiles from caterpillar-damaged and pathogen-infected plants, as well as with synthetic volatiles, confirm that whiteflies modify the quality of neighboring plants for their offspring via whitefly-inducible plant volatiles.


Recently, phosphorescent iridium complexes have demonstrated great potential as anticancer and imaging agents. Dopamine is a melanin‐like mimic of mussel adhesive protein that can self‐polymerize to form polydopamine (PDA) nanoparticles that demonstrate favorable biocompatibility, near‐infrared absorption, and photothermal effects. Herein, PDA nanoparticles are functionalized with β‐cyclodextrin (CD) substitutions, which are further assembled with adamantane‐modified arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (Ad‐RGD) tripeptides to target integrin‐rich tumor cells. The thus formed PDA‐CD‐RGD nanoparticles can deliver a phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes LysoIr ([Ir(ppy)2(l)]PF6, ppy = 2‐phenylpyridine, L = (1‐(2‐quinolinyl)‐β‐carboline) to form a theranostic platform LysoIr@PDA‐CD‐RGD. It is demonstrated that LysoIr@PDA‐CD‐RGD can be applied for targeted combined cancer photothermal‐chemotherapy and thermal/photoacoustic/two‐photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. This work provides a useful strategy to construct multifunctional nanocomposites for the optimization of metal‐based anticancer agents for further biomedical applications.


Abstract In December 2006, Indonesian Health Minister, Siti Fadilah Supari, shocked the world when announcing her government would no longer be sharing samples of the H5N1 avian flu virus, collected from Indonesian patients, with the World Health Organization, at a time when global fears of a deadly influenza pandemic were running high. For observers of Southeast Asian politics, the decision reinforced the view of the region as made up of states determined to protect their national sovereignty, at almost all costs. This established view of the region, however, generally neglects the variable and selective manner in which sovereignty has been invoked by Southeast Asian governments, or parts thereof, and fails to identify the conditions shaping the deployment of sovereignty. In this paper, it is argued that Siti's action was designed to harness claims of sovereignty to a domestic political struggle. It was a response to the growing fragmentation and, in some cases, denationalisation of the governance apparatus dealing with public health in Indonesia, along with the 'securitisation' of H5N1 internationally. The examination of the virus-sharing dispute demonstrates that in Southeast Asia sovereignty is not so much the ends of government action, but the means utilised by government actors for advancing particular political goals.


This article addresses issues in creating public‐use data files in the presence of missing ordinal responses and subsequent statistical analyses of the dataset by users. The authors propose a fully efficient fractional imputation (FI) procedure for ordinal responses with missing observations. The proposed imputation strategy retrieves the missing values through the full conditional distribution of the response given the covariates and results in a single imputed data file that can be analyzed by different data users with different scientific objectives. Two most critical aspects of statistical analyses based on the imputed data set, validity and efficiency, are examined through regression analysis involving the ordinal response and a selected set of covariates. It is shown through both theoretical development and simulation studies that, when the ordinal responses are missing at random, the proposed FI procedure leads to valid and highly efficient inferences as compared to existing methods. Variance estimation using the fractionally imputed data set is also discussed. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 48: 138–151; 2020 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada


This was an epidemiological study through a retrospective review of 215 medical records of patients with brain injury due to land traffic accidents treated at Ninh Binh Provincial General Hospital. Theresults showed that the majority of research subjects were male, accounting for 80.5%; The age group with higher prevalence of accidents was under 30 years old, accounting for 31.2%; The agegroup of 50-59 years old was at lower prevalence of accidents accounting for 15.8%. The time of the higher chance of occurring accident was between 4p.m and 11p.m daily. The majorityof traffic accidents occurred when riding motorbikes and electric bicycles (82.3%). About 75.0% of the victims received first aid with a gauze bandage; 5.4% of them had broken bones fixed. Amongthe brain injuries, 34.4% of the victims suffered from frontal trauma; 29.3% had unilateral cerebral hemisphere injury, 24.2% had temporal region injury, 15.8% had occipital region injury, and 8.4% ofvictims had parietal injury. More than half of the study subjects (53.5%) were hospitalized for 7-10 days. The rate of patients who have been discharged from the hospital with improved symptoms was81.4%; and 14.9% of patients were transferred to higher level hospitals.


The utility model discloses a double-layer heat insulation paper glass, aiming at providing a double-layer heat insulation paper glass capable of reducing heat conduction and less tendency of deformation. The paper glass comprises a body, on which a paper bottom is fixed; a heat insulation bottom paper circling the body is fixedly connected with the outside of the body; a heat circulation corrugated paper circling the heat insulation bottom paper is connected with the heat insulation bottom paper; and a heat insulation layer is formed between the heat insulation bottom paper and the heat insulation corrugated paper. The double-layer heat insulation paper glass has the advantages that the gap formed between the heat insulation corrugated paper and the heat insulation bottom paper in the outer layer of the paper glass is utilized for blocking the heat conduction in order to greatly reduce the heat conducted to the hand so as to perform the heat insulation function; because the heat insulation layer are composed of the heat insulation bottom paper and the heat insulation corrugated paper so as to improve the stiffness of the paper glass, ensure the paper glass with less tendency of deformation and take the protective effect; and after printing, the formed corrugating can enable the product with beautiful appearance.


This article examines the political economy of one of Australia's prominent football codes: Rugby League. A Marxist-influenced political economy approach is used to emphasize processes of domination, subordination, and resistance in the production and reproduction of power relations within capitalist sporting relations and structures. Analysis, framed around the concepts of MediaSport and the media sport cultural complex, shows how Rugby League is bound up in both national and global media processes. Key areas under examination include the historical development of the commodification of Rugby League, the growth of the media sport cultural complex, the role of pay television and the control of Rugby League vested in the transnational company News Corporation, and the supporter resistance to corporate media control in the sport.


AN ACT to amend the Code of West Virginia, 1931, as amended, by adding thereto a
new section, designated §22-5-19, relating to the establishment of a program to inventory emissions, reductions and carbon sequestrations of greenhouse gases; creating a voluntary registry for the reporting of voluntary reductions of greenhouse gas emissions if the reductions are made before they are required by law; clarifying that certain industries are exempt from reporting; providing public recognition of voluntary reduction or avoidance of greenhouse gases; providing definitions; and providing consideration of the reductions under future federal greenhouse gas emission reduction programs.


Americans' spending on prescription medication has grown significantly since the mid-1980s. Although the use of prescriptions is increasing, another important factor in the rapidly rising outlay for drugs is that newer, more expensive drugs are replacing older drugs. A recent health care study estimated the average 1998 price for drugs introduced in 1992 or later was $71.49 per prescription, compared to $30.47 for previously existing drugs. And, although price increases are generally not viewed favorably, a new paper by NBER Research Associate Frank Lichtenberg suggests some definite benefits from the more costly newer drugs. In The Benefits and Costs of Newer Drugs: Evidence from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (NBER Working Paper No. 8147), the author investigates how much of the difference between new and old drugs reflects changes in quality. Lichtenberg uses data from the 1996 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a national health care investigation, to provide evidence of drug age (measured as the number of years since the FDA approved the drug) on health conditions and total medical expense. The data include comprehensive health care use and cost information from 22,061 people and 171,587 prescription observations. More than half of the drugs taken in the 1996 study were approved before 1980, and over one-fourth were approved before 1950. Lichtenberg controls for numerous characteristics — length of illness, education level of the patient, and insurance status for example — which might correlate with the age of the prescription


Objective: To characterize the efficacy of earlier versus later treatment in preventing primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in individuals with ocular hypertension. Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Participants/Methods: 1636 individuals with elevated intraocular pressure between 24 and 32 mm Hg in one eye and 21 and 32 mm Hg in the fellow eye were randomly assigned to observation or treatment with intraocular pressure-lowering medication. After a median of 7.5 years without treatment, the observation group received medical therapy for a median of 5.5 years. The cumulative proportion of participants developing POAG in the initial treatment and the initial observation groups was compared through 13 years of follow-up. Results: The cumulative proportion of participants in the initial observation group who developed POAG at 13 years was 22% compared to 16% in the initial medication group (P =0.009). Among those participants in the highest third of baseline risk of developing POAG, a significantly higher proportion developed POAG in the original observation group than in the original medication group (40% vs 28%). In the lowest category of baseline risk, little difference was seen in the cumulative proportion developing POAG through final follow-up. Conclusions: It is important to predict higher baseline risk of developing POAG based on intraocular pressure (IOP), corneal thickness, baseline visual field, and optic nerve status. Those individuals at highest risk will benefit from early prophylactic therapy to prevent POAG. Reviewer's Comments: In addition to clinical factors that characterize an individual's risk of developing POAG, it is also important to consider age in making the decision of initiating treatment. Although younger patients may not have a higher rate of developing POAG per year, they have a greater life expectancy and therefore higher cumulative lifetime risk of developing POAG. Given the longer expected duration of exposure to IOP elevation than in older individuals, younger individuals should be considered to be at higher risk and earlier intervention to reduce this risk may be warranted. (Reviewer-Scott D. Smith, MD, MPH).


The fatty liver syndrome was confirmed by haemotobiochemical and hepatic ultrasonographic investigations in 12 Malabari goats within six weeks after kidding. Animals were divided into two groups with six does each which received two different treatments. Ketonex bolus, which contains nicotinic acid, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and live yeast was given to the goats in Group I. The animals in Group II received syrup Bexoliv, which contains tricholine citrate, methionine, inositol, vitamin E, biotin, selenium, silymarin, iron, copper, and B12. In addition to this, animals of both groups received glycerin orally. On the fifteenth day of treatment, the animals were reevaluated. Six apparently healthy adult female goats within six weeks of kidding were selected as control. Before treatment, the neutrophil count showed a significant increase and lymphocyte and monocyte counts showed a decrease in the study groups. Blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), serum non-esterified free fatty acids (NEFA) and serum urea nitrogen (SUN) levels showed a significant increase before treatment and reduced after treatment among both groups. Hepatic ultrasonography showed hyperechogenicity of parenchyma before treatment when compared to after treatment. The animals showed improvement with both treatments.


We present the first results from the largest H$\alpha$ survey of star formation and AGN activity in galaxy clusters. Using 9 different narrow band filters, we select $>3000$ H$\alpha$ emitters within $19$ clusters and their larger scale environment over a total volume of $1.3\times10^5$ Mpc$^3$. The sample includes both relaxed and merging clusters, covering the $0.15-0.31$ redshift range and spanning from $5\times10^{14}$ $M_{\odot}$ to $30\times10^{14}$ $M_{\odot}$. We find that the H$\alpha$ luminosity function (LF) for merging clusters has a higher characteristic density $\phi^*$ compared to relaxed clusters. $\phi^*$ drops from cluster core to cluster outskirts for both merging and relaxed clusters, with the merging cluster values $\sim0.3$ dex higher at each projected radius. The characteristic luminosity $L^*$ drops over the $0.5-2.0$ Mpc distance from the cluster centre for merging clusters and increases for relaxed objects. Among disturbed objects, clusters hosting large-scale shock waves (traced by radio relics) are overdense in H$\alpha$ emitters compared to those with turbulence in their intra-cluster medium (traced by radio haloes). We speculate that the increase in star formation activity in disturbed, young, massive galaxy clusters can be triggered by interactions between gas-rich galaxies, shocks and/or the intra-cluster medium, as well as accretion of filaments and galaxy groups. Our results indicate that disturbed clusters represent vastly different environments for galaxy evolution compared to relaxed clusters or average field environments.


This paper examins attitudes towards harm reduction within focus on supervised injection site measures in Sweden. Through investigating the senitments of current social work students
at Lund University, the paper concludes that despite the countries overall effort to combat substance abuse, the coming generation of social workes is largely positive to public supervised injection centers. The study was done with a qualitative method and included ten students responding.
The study shows that the participants were positive to supervised injection site.


Quaternary volcanism in the Central Cordillera of Costa Rica has created an orographic barrier that concentrates rainfall on its northern side. This humid climate produces weathered bedrock prone to landsliding. Ash fall from explosive eruptions kills the vegetation cover and intensifies erosion processes. These eruptions, hydrothermal activity and associated earthquakes destabilize the slopes of river valleys, and even the volcanic edifices, producing landslides and large debris avalanches. All these processes mobilize an extra sediment input that is deposited in the piedmont lowlands forming the Santa Clara megafan. The megafans described in the literature mainly grow according to climatic fluctuations; however, sedimentation in the Santa Clara megafan is also controlled by endogenic processes with longer recurrence periods. Analysis of this megafan provides new insight into the origin and evolution of these landforms. In volcanic regions, active volcanism should be considered when investigating the formation of some megafans.


Diet composition constitutes basic information on the natural history of the species. Despite the amount of data acquired in the last years, much remains to be known specially for geographically widespread species. Here we compiled the available dietary items of Leptodactylus vastus and report the first predation event upon Rupirana cardosoi by a juvenile L. vastus. The fact these species are syntopic in the region probably resulted in this novel predation event. Different from previous L. vastus predation observations, the specimens we observed do not present a striking difference in body size, but L. vastus was able to almost swallow L. cardosoi, coherent with findings that mouth size is related to prey selection in anurans. Also, our literature review showed that L. vastus is a generalist and opportunistic predator, that prey upon small vertebrates (Amphibia, Squamata, and Mammalia).


1) Comment from Referee: In the text there are some vague conclusions, which are not supported by convenient dynamic analysis, or ïňĄgures, they are not based on valid assumptions and they are not clearly outlined. In some cases the results are not sufïňĄcient to support the interpretations and conclusions and some statements regarding data shown in ïňĄgures are not obvious and concise for the reader.


Interesting phenomena were observed in the polymerization of styrene and ethylene oxide into PEO-PSt-PEO triblock copolymers using potassium naphthalene as initiator and tolusene as a solvent. The relationship between the phenomena and molecular weight of the blocks was studied. The purified and characterized triblock copolymer showed mesomorphic behavior in toluene solution which depolarized polarized light increasingly as the concentration was increased. The structure of the triblock copolymer was also studied by small-angle laser light scattering and by electron microscopy.


OBJECTIVE
To examine potential links between facets of impulsivity and emotion dysregulation to components of the Interpersonal-Psychological Theory of Suicide (thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability) among U.S. military personnel.

METHOD
The current study performed secondary data analysis from a randomized control trial testing the efficacy of a cognitive therapy for 134 service members (71.64% male, 68.66% Caucasian; mean age: 30.14) admitted to a psychiatric inpatient unit for a suicide-related crisis. We utilized the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale, the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale, and the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire.

RESULTS
All emotion dysregulation dimensions and one impulsivity facet (attentional) were positively correlated with perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness. Lack of emotional awareness was positively associated with acquired capability. After controlling for depression, hopelessness, and demographic covariates, lack of emotional awareness was significantly associated with both thwarted belongingness and acquired capability, but not perceived burdensomeness, and impulsivity dimensions did not link to any variable of interest.

CONCLUSIONS
Findings imply that individuals with reduced emotional awareness may have difficulty cultivating interpersonal bonds and be more vulnerable to elevated acquired capability. Lack of emotional awareness may be a potential contributor to both suicidal desire and capability.