Summary The article attempts to juxtapose the dangers and determinants related to the use of new media in the educational process during the pandemic era. The new media (new means of communication), which are often understood and interpreted in different ways, generate various types of dangers. These are especially parlous for unprepared recipients, who are not aware of them, and as a result cannot defend themselves against information being manipulated, especially in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. What can become a solution to this problem is an appropriate conceptual analysis of new media and the resulting description of the threats and conditions related to media education. The literature review was chosen as the research method to be applied in this work.


The aesthetics in the Tang Dynasty costumes shows the interactivity between the social customs and the change of the costumes. The aesthetics in the Tang Dynasty costumes shows a deep vestige of the trends of thought at that time. The Tang Dynasty costumes are rich in colours and styles, and delicate in designs. The Tang costumes were influenced by the exchanges of the Chinese and foreign cultures. However, due to the change of the aesthetic trends of thought, the so-called "Hu costumes" were no longer popular when the Tang Dynasty began to decline from it heyday.


This study examines how a desire to pass on religious heritage shapes whites' attitudes toward interracial marriage for their children. Utilizing national survey data (Baylor Religion Survey 2007), I estimate ordered logit regression models to examine the extent to which whites' desire to have their children and children's spouses share their religion affects attitudes toward their hypothetical daughters marrying blacks, Latinos, or Asians, net of other factors. Analyses reveal that whites who consider it more important that their children and children's spouses share their religion are less comfortable with their daughters marrying blacks, Latinos, or Asians. These effects are robust to the inclusion of measures for religiosity, political ideology, intimate interracial experiences, and other sociodemographic correlates. These findings suggest that, for whites, religious heritage has a clear ethno-racial component. The greater their desire for descendants to share the same religious views, the more whites would prefer that these descendants themselves be white, indicating that, for many white Americans, religious heritage is equated with whiteness. I conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for research on religion and interracial families.


Submitted for the MAR06 Meeting of The American Physical Society Fluctuation exchange theory for superconductivity of f-electron systems with multipole degrees of freedom KATSUNORI KUBO, TAKASHI HOTTA, Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency — Recently, an interesting possibility of superconductivity induced by multipole fluctuations has been discussed in some f -electron materials. In order to clarify such exotic superconductivity from a microscopic viewpoint, we apply fluctuation exchange (FLEX) approximation to an f -electron model with active orbital degree of freedom on the basis of a j-j coupling scheme. In this study, we consider a square lattice, for simplicity. First, we evaluate orbital dependent fluctuations and effective paring interactions within the FLEX approximation. Then, we determine the symmetry of the gap function among possible superconducting states by solving the Eliashberg equation. In particular, we pay our attention to the effect of crystalline electric field on the appearance of superconductivity. By further decomposing complex orbital dependent fluctuations into multipole components, we also discuss possible relevance of multipole fluctuations to exotic superconductivity. Katsunori Kubo Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency Date submitted: 28 Nov 2005 Electronic form version 1.4


This paper presents the design and implementation of a motion control system using EtherCAT. The EtherCAT frame with an embedded motion profile is introduced. Additionally, a closed loop stepper motor that uses the embedded data of the EtherCAT frame is shown. For position control purposes, a lead angle estimation was designed. The Proportional Integral Feed Forward (PI-FF) controller was implemented to overcome the problem with reverse motor rotation. Finally, some experimental results are shown to verify the performance of the EtherCAT based motor drive.


A new video frame interpolation technique is proposed in this paper.We first use the classical motion compensation interpolation (MCI), but only for motion vectors (MVs) marked as reliable in our classification procedure. To fill in the regions where no such MV is available, we proposed a novel 3-D total variation regularized completion model, which exploits both temporal and spatial smoothness among video frames. Experiments demonstrate its superior performance compared to several classical methods, both in visual quality and PSNR values, while the typical artifacts are significantly reduced.


In a standard mel-frequency cepstral coefficient-based speech recognizer, it is common to use the same feature dimension and the number of Gaussian mixtures for all subunits. We proposed to use different transformations and different number of mixtures for each subunit. We obtained the transformations from mel-frequency band energies by using the variational Bayesian principal component analysis (PCA) method. In the method, hyperparameters of the Gaussian mixtures and the number of mixtures are automatically learned through maximization of a lower bound of the evidence instead of the likelihood in the conventional maximum likelihood paradigm. Analyzing the TIMIT speech data, we revealed intrinsic structures of vowels and consonants. We demonstrated the userfulness of the method for speech recognition by performing phoneme classification of /b/, /d/ and /g/ phonemes.


This work focuses on alternative gaseous fuels (Synthetic Natural Gas and Hydrogen) for natural gas substitution in the industrial sector at a regional level. Different pathways have been analyzed for the production of the above-mentioned alternative fuels. In all pathways involving SNG process that combines high-temperature co-electrolysis in a solid oxide electrolysis cell (supplied with renewable electricity) to a downstream catalytic reactor that upgrades further the electrolysis-derived syngas are investigated. In case of hydrogen only the high-temperature co-electrolysis in a solid oxide electrolysis cell. The results are then compared on regional level.


This article presents the development and application of a low-cost passive monitor for indoor formaldehyde (CH2O) monitoring. The system is based on the diffusion sampling of formaldehyde and the pararosaniline reaction on a collection filter, followed by the elution and analysis of the product by spectrophotometry. The system was validated against a standard atmosphere of formaldehyde with 99% of collection efficiency. The device was applied in the assessment of formaldehyde emissions for school supplies (glitter glue, modeling clay, crayons, glue stick, felt pen, and plastic ink), in which the highest concentrations of formaldehyde were obtained for the felt-tip pen (approximately, 170 μg/g) and the lesser to glue stick (14 μg/g). The application of the passive sampler in a primary classroom environment demonstrated that relative high levels of formaldehyde can be measured in schools are usually considered to be linked to the high density of furniture in the classrooms, but it was also verified that school supplies can significantly contribute in the concentrations of formaldehyde indoor when associated to poor ventilation.


Abstract Herpes zoster is the clinical consequence of a late reactivation of the varicella zoster virus. It infects mainly the elderly, pediatric cases are uncommon, usually observed in immunocompromised children. We report an unusual clinical presentation of disseminated cutaneous herpes zoster in immunocompetent infant without history of chickenpox but with positive history of maternal varicella during pregnancy. A 22-month-old male infant was addressed to our department because of a history of crops of vesicular eruption on the thoracic area. This infant did not have a history of postnatal varicella, and his mother had acquired varicella infection during the 8th month of pregnancy. Physical examination showed many crops of vesicular lesions grouped on the left scapular area with some disseminated vesicular lesions present on the trunk and the four extremities. Intravenous acyclovir was administrated with total recovery 10 days later. Disseminated cutaneous varicella zoster virus in infancy is exceptional; few cases were reported in the literature. The dissemination is rare in healthy patients; it is more common in immunocompromised patients and likely to be complicated with visceral or neurologic involvement, but in healthy patients, the course is usually benign and not associated with high morbidity as in our case.


Principles of Plant Analysis, R.D. Munson Field Sampling Procedures for Conducting a Plant Analysis, J.B. Jones, Jr. Preparation of Plant Tissue for Laboratory Analysis, C.R. Campbell and C.O. Plank Determination of Dry Matter Content of Plant Tissue: Gravimetric Moisture, R.O. Miller High-Temperature Oxidation: Dry Ashing, R.O. Miller Nitric-Perchloric Acid Wet Digestion in an Open Vessel, R.O. Miller Microwave Digestion of Plant Tissue in an Open Vessel, Y.P. Kalra and D.G. Maynard Microwave Digestion of Plant Tissue in a Closed Vessel, R.O. Miller Determination of Total Nitrogen in Plant Tissue, D.A. Horneck and R.O. Miller Extractable Nitrate in Plant Tissue: Ion-Selective Electrode Method, R.O. Miller Determination of Ammonium-Nitrogen in Plant Tissue, L. Liu Total Sulfur Determination in Plant Tissue, C.G. Kowalenko and C.J. Van Laerhoven Sulfate-Sulfur Determination in Plant Tissue, C.G. Kowalenko Determination of Chloride in Plant Tissue, L. Liu Extractable Chloride, Nitrate, Orthophosphate, Potassium, and Sulfate-Sulfur: 2% Acetic Acid Extraction, R.O. Miller Tissue Testing Kits and Procedures for Nutrient Element Assessment in Plant Tissue, J.B. Jones, Jr. and D. Slovacek Chlorophyll Meter Method for Estimating Nitrogen Content in Plant Tissue, J.S. Schepers, T.M. Blackmer, and D.D. Francis Analytical Instruments for the Determination of Elements in Plant Tissue, M.E. Watson Determination of Potassium and Sodium by Flame Emission Spectrophotometry, D.A. Horneck and D. Hanson Elemental Determination by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, E.A. Hanlon Elemental Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry, R.A. Isaac and W.C. Johnson, Jr. Determination of Boron, Molybdenum, and Selenium in Plant Tissue, U.C. Gupta Determination of Arsenic and Mercury in Plant Tissue, Y.K. Soon Determination of Cadmium, Chromium, Cobalt, Lead, and Nickel in Plant Tissue, Y.K. Soon Quality Control Procedures for Plant Analysis, E.A. Hanlon Reference Materials for Data Quality Control, M. Ihnat Data Processing in Plant Analysis, R.E. Karamanos Appendix I: Plant and Related Reference Materials for Data Quality Control of Elemental Content, M. Ihnat Appendix II: Reference Texts on Plant Analysis


and (CT/GA)n microsatellite loci from the malawian cichlid fish Pseudotropheus zebra BB (Boulenger), with the aim of developing a PCR system to analyse individual loci on the A.L.F. sequencer (Pharmacia). A size-selected genomic library was constructed as described in Rico et al. (1994b) using a DNA mix from 20 unrelated individuals from Nkhata Bay, Lake Malawi. Amongst ≈ 4500 recombinants were 42 GT and 17 CT positives, suggesting that a GT repeat occurs roughly every 35 kb and a CT repeat roughly every 85 kb in the P. zebra genome. We have sequenced 45 of these clones as described in Rico et al. (1994a) and designed primers from both flanking regions for nine clones using the software program O L I G O TM Macintosh version 4.0 (National Biosciences). PCR conditions were optimized for seven of the nine loci (Table 1). PCR was carried out in 11-μL reactions consisting of 1 μL template DNA (≈ 20 ng), 1.1-μM of each primer (the forward primer was fluorescein-labelled), 200-μM of each dNTP, 1 or 3-mM MgCl2 (Table 1), 0.2 μg BSA, 1 × NH4 reaction buffer (Bioline, London, UK) and 0.25 units of BioTaq (Bioline). The mixture was overlaid with 10 μl mineral oil. The PCR profile used on an OmniGene Thermal Cycler (Hybaid) was as follows: an initial denaturing step of 3 min 94 °C was followed by 7 cycles of 30 s at 94 °C, 30 s at the appropriate annealing temperature (Table 1) and 30 s at 72 °C, followed by 23 cycles of 30 s at 89 °C, 30 s at the appropriate annealing temperature (Table 1) and 30 s at 72 °C. With this PCR profile genomic DNA and PCR products will be denatured and amplified during the first seven cycles, while mainly PCR products will be denatured and reamplified during the subsequent 23 cycles, resulting in fewer non-specific products. PCR products were diluted to the appropriate concentration (0–12× diluted) with dilution buffer (consisting of 600 μL Dextran-Blue loading dye [6 mg of Dextran-Blue/mL deionised formamide] and 900 μL of deionised formamide) and mixed with internal size markers prior to electrophoresis. Size markers were made as follows: 100 ng of M13mp18 + was used as DNA template using fluorescein-labelled universal primer and an unlabelled self-designed reverse primer (Table 2). PCR was carried out in 100 μL reactions, containing 0.5 μM of each primer, 200 μM of each dNTP, 1 × KCl reaction buffer containing MgCl2 (Bioline) and 1.25 units of BioTaq. The reaction mixture was overlaid with a drop of mineral oil and amplified in a Perkin Elmer Cetus thermocycler using an initial denaturing step of 3 min at 94 °C followed by 28 cycles of 1 min at 94 °C, 1 min at the appropriate annealing temperature (Table 2) and 1 min at 72 °C. The last cycle had a 5 min instead of a 1 min extension time. PCR products were then run on 1% TBE-agarose gels stained with EtBr and the band of the correct size was excised from the gel. The piece of excised gel was placed in a punctured 0.5μl microfuge tube filled with cotton wool. The tube was then placed in a 1.5 μL microfuge tube and spun in a microcentrifuge for 2–5 min. The DNA in TBE buffer was collected from the bottom of the 1.5-μL tube while the agarose remained in the cotton wool. One microlitre of this DNA was used for reamplification using the same PCR profile as before except that the steps were shortened to 30 s instead of 1 min. Between 0.5 and 1 μL of these PCR products was used to size the various alleles. PCR products (two loci were combined where possible) and size markers were run on short A.L.F. plates using Sequagel Extended (National Diagnostics) at 1000 V, 60 mA, 50 W, 48 °C and 1.25 s sampling time. A single gel was used for three consecutive runs. Running time varied between 30 and 55 min, depending on the size of the alleles. Alleles were sized using the software program Fragment ManagerTM version 1.2 (Pharmacia). Number of alleles and expected heterozygosities varied considerably among the different loci (Table 1). As expected, the longest repeats were most polymorphic. Repeats < 7 were monomorphic. Most of the polymorphic loci are useful in resolving population structure (M. J. H. van Oppen et al. unpubl. data). Several additional cichlid microsatellite primers have recently been developed by other groups (Kellogg et al. 1995; Lee & Kocher 1996; Parker & Kornfield 1996; Zardoya et al. 1996). P R I M E R N O T E


Objective To evaluate therapeutic effect and adverse reaction of pamidronate(Bonin) Combined with chemotherapy in patients of bone metastases of advanced lung cancer.Methods 81 patients with bone metastases of advanced lung cancer were assigned to two groups(group A and group B).Group A was treated by pamidronate(Bonin) Combined with chemotherapy,group B was pamidronate(Bonin).Results Overall objective response rate (complete +partial ) of bone metastases was 41.5%(17/41) and 32.5%(13/40),respectively,in both treatment groups,.Response rate of bone pain relief was 80.5%(33/41) and 72.5%(29/40) in both treatment groups.however,there was no statistic difference(P0.05).Conclusion Pamidronate(Bonin) combined with chemotherapy can treat patients with bone metastases of advanced Lung Cancer,this is effective and safe.


A typical metal halide discharge with iodine as the halide was investigated by monitoring the emission radiation densities of atoms, ions, radicals and molecules. The influence of iodine on the spatial distribution of the excitation temperature and electron density was evaluated. Experimental data were used in conjunction with calculated equilibrium plasma composition to explain the mechanism of formation and excitation of different species in the system. Changes in mass and energy transport and in the main plasma parameters and the resulting excitation conditions can be attributed to the high evaporation rate and chemical reactivity of iodine. A direct spectroscopic method was developed for the determination of trace elements with high ionisation potentials and poor detection limits in the presence of iodine.


Based on the dynamics analysis of the fastener that suffered impact or alternating load, an effective design scheme of the hydraulic power mechanism of the fastener tranverse viberation bedstand with the limitation of the oil power is presented in this paper. In the scheme, the hydraulic power mechnism with a larger power disposal was used to reduce the demands for the oil power, and a pair servo valves connected in parallel was used to replace the large flow servo valve in order to deal with the frequency bandwith problem of the system.


Robot formation is useful for multi-robot systems. However, when robots have different ability in function, their positions significantly affect the working efficiency. Therefore, it needs to assign the position of heterogeneous robots in formation. This paper describes an imaginary equilateral triangle (IET) algorithm that can allocate each robot on a desired position in a swarm without using global coordinate. The IET algorithm forms the swarm by making some equilateral triangles, one of which consists of one pair of two robots to be a reference base and one single robot to be an apex. Through some simulation experiments, the convergence of some formations based on the IET algorithm is confirmed and the convergence time is also evaluated. Furthermore, we test the translational and rotational movements in formation. Alternatively, the method needs a system that obtains the ID and relative position of the robots. This paper describes how to construct the measurement system using wireless communication and ultrasonic sound, and evaluate it through some simulation experiments.


T cells coexpressing αβ and γδ TCRs demonstrate characteristics of both αβ and γδ T cells, providing a link between innate and adaptive immune responses. T cells coexpressing αβ and γδ TCRs demonstrate characteristics of both αβ and γδ T cells, providing a link between innate and adaptive immune responses.


In the past, researchers from the Pacific Southwest Research Station (PSW) undertook forest growth studies to evaluate how best to manage timber resources. However, historical and future data collected at PSW growth plots also have the potential to increase our understanding of the ecological processes occurring in our forests and shed light on national issues of importance. This report provides information on the history, geography, plant species studied, installation, and measurement interval of each plot along with a list of publications arising from data gathered at these plots. This will enable current and future researchers to reidentify these plots and continue research at these locations.


The increasingly ubiquitous nature of software development has
presented new challenges to usability research, thereby introducing a
need for investigation of the use of field evaluation methods. This thesis
explores the application of field methods to usability evaluation, in order
to understand the challenges involved in applying such methods and the
contextual issues surrounding their implementation. More specifically, the
research aims to investigate the relationship between context and design
when using field evaluation studies. This work is especially important
because it represents a first step towards systemising HCI field
evaluation methodologies.
A case study approach was taken in order to provide real-world examples
of field method usage, and in addition two exploratory studies were
conducted in order to explore methodological challenges. This process
resulted in the development of a systematic field evaluation method
named Rapid Contextual Evaluation. In providing a rapid approach to
field evaluation, this thesis addresses the recent gaps in the literature
regarding the recent lack of publication of systematic evaluation methods
and the lack of detailed methodological case studies to inform practice.
The work reported here is the first to present such case studies, and the
first to describe in detail the application of a systematic field evaluation
method in a real world context.
The research identified the major challenges experienced in
implementing field evaluation studies, and proposed methodological
changes to address these. The relationship between context and design
was discovered to be iterative, and field evaluation approaches were
found to identify a broad range of contextual issues which went beyond
system interaction. In conclusion, the thesis identifies areas where future
research efforts should focus in order to deliver the most valuable
improvements to field evaluation methods.


German verb clusters are normally serialized according to the rule "selected verb > selecting verb", with certain lexically specified deviations. For example, the auxiliary must occur before a modal verb in the perfect tense. According to prescriptive grammars, auxiliary fronting must put the auxiliary into the clusterinitial position. Empirical investigations have shown, however, that native speakers accept the auxiliary in all positions preceding the modal verb; only the cluster-final position is consistently rejected (Bader & Schmid 2009; see (1)).


Objective To observe the clinical curative effect of progesterone in treatment of urolithiasis.Methods 40 cases of patients with urolithiasis intramuscular progesterone injection,each 20 mg,twice a day,5 days for a course of treatment,application of 1 to 3 courses.Results Among 40 patients,33 patients recovered,5 cases ameliorated,2 cases ineffective,the recovery rate was 82.5%,the total effective rate was 95.0%.Conclusion The application of progesterone in patients with urolithiasis have better therapeutic effects.


H TISTORIANS of colonial Spanish America have long recognized that Bourbon policies designed to rebuild and intensify Spain's political and economic control over its colonies generated tensions at many levels in colonial society. At times these tensions were openly and violently revealed in large-scale insurrections that merged the agitations of disparate groups into direct conflict with the royal authorities. The most striking instances of such mass rebellion occurred toward the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth centuries, and have often been regarded as precursors of the movements for independence. These were the Comuneros' rebellion of New Granada in 1781, the rebellion of Tupac Amaru, which convulsed Peru and Upper Peru in 1780-82, and the Hidalgo revolt, which initiated the Mexican insurgency in i8io-ii. It is becoming increasingly apparent, however, that these extraordinary moments of mass mobilization formed part of a broader pattern of riot and rebellion in late colonial Spanish America. Recent studies have suggested that, among the Indian peasant communities of central Mexico and the central and southern Andes, rebellion was an endemic and recurrent feature of social life, and was probably increasing in frequency during the latter half of the eighteenth century. ' The phenomenon of rebellion in late colonial Spanish America is of interest for many reasons, not least of which is that it offers a iieans of investigating the behavior, ideas, and attitudes of those groups in colonial society that stood outside the small and exclusive circles of the economic


In August 2008 and June 2009 two sets of airborne measurements were made in Falun and Borlange, respectively, by the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU). The purpose of these campaigns was to test th ...


Phenological development of a range of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) cultivars was studied for a series of planting dates at Tamworth, New South Wales. The effects of extended photoperiod on development were also examined. As constant photoperiod was increased from 15 to 21 hours, time from sowing to first anther increased by nine to twelve days. Natural photoperiod for winter and summer planting gave times similar to that for constant 18 hour photoperiod. Days from sowing to first anther decreased substantially with later planting from June to November, but increased again for a February planting. Use of a growing degree day summation with a base of 1¦C (GDD1) enabled time from sowing to first anther to be predicted with precision over a wide range of temperatures within and between years. A GDD1 summation of 1245 was found for the early cultivar, Voronezskij, and of 1380 for the mid season cultivar, Stepniak.


In this report, researchers present a review of the practices and technologies being used in Texas for incident management and traveler information exchange and sharing. Through interviews and site visits, researchers assimilated data from the Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, and San Antonio Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) districts to determine what information is being shared, with whom, and how that information is being disseminated within existing operating philosophies of the various agencies and private entities involved. Currently, all of the districts contacted share video (real-time continuous and snapshots), speed information, real-time incident information, and scheduled lane/road closure information with other public and private entities. The most common method utilized by TxDOT for disseminating information is the internet. TxDOT also extensively operates dynamic message signs to provide information to travelers en route. Other methods employed include direct connections (e.g., fiber), email, telephone, fax, low power television, in-vehicle navigation units, lane control signals, and kiosks. In addition, researchers conducted a survey on a sample group of agencies receiving information from TxDOT in order to quantify how frequently agencies utilize the different types of information, to explore how that information influences the types of decisions being made and actions being taken, and to identify the influence of local and regional issues upon information usage. Incident information is the most widely used by the agencies surveyed, closely followed by notification of scheduled lane closures. In addition, agencies utilize video to verify incident conditions and coordinate response efforts. Agencies such as city and county traffic departments, police, fire departments, transit, information service providers, and media continuously use the information provided by TxDOT to improve their daily operations. These agencies apply the information received from TxDOT to: 1) reroute traffic around roadways that are flooded; 2) adjust signal timings near construction or an incident to better accommodate increased traffic flow; 3) visually identify an incident; 4) determine the severity of an incident; 5) determine the appropriate incident response; 6) improve emergency response time by better routing emergency units to avoid areas of congestion or other incidents; 7) provide incident information to responding personnel en route; 8) reroute buses and alleviate unnecessary schedule delays caused by an incident; 9) improve efficiency of agency personnel in their work-related travels by avoiding areas of congestion; and 10) improve roadway reports to the public. Based on the results of this project, researchers assimilated guidelines regarding effective information exchange techniques and practices. Researchers believe that the information documented herein will be valuable to the other districts who are not as far along in their traffic management system development.


Objective:This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of cleft lip and palate on the craniofacial morphology in the children with unilat eral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in mixed dentition by using cephalometric analy sis.The quality of the outcomes achieved was compared with each other and analyz ed.Methods:The samples were divided into four groups accor ding to the surgical treatment received:①Normal group (Normal)-48 normal child ren without cleft lip and palate;②Nonoperate group (NO)-10 UCLP individuals wi thout surgical treatment;③Operated lip group (OL)-34 patients with lip closure only;④Operated lip and palate group (OLP)-16 subjects with both lip and palat e closure.Cephalometric analysis was used to determine the craniofacial form.Results:The results showed that there were no differences in the cephalometric measurements between the Normal and NO groups.No statistically significant differences between the OL and OLP groups were found.There were,how ever,several significant differences between these two groups (OL and OLP) and t he normal group.Conclusions:The differences in craniofacia l morphology in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate seem to be influen ced principally by the surgically repaired lip.Influences of the palatal repair appeared to be minimal and statistically insignificant for the patients who had received lip repair.Nonoperated UCLP patients had the nearly normal anteroposter ior growth means alterations of maxillary growth pattern were not present in mix ed dentition.


Collisional absorption of dense fully ionized plasmas in strong laser fields is investigated using quantum kinetic theory as well as molecular dynamics simulations. Quantum statistical calculations are presented for the important case of a two-temperature plasma. Comparision is given to molecular dynamics simulations. Special attention is devoted to the question of how to treat properly the attractive electron–ion interaction for short ranges in classical molecular dynamics simulations.


Discotic polyaromatic liquid crystals exhibiting 2D columnar mesophases are actively investigated for their potential utilization as one-dimensional organic semiconductors, due essentially to their long-range order self-organization and high charge carrier transport ability. The much less reported nematic-containing discotic materials have however been recently found to be of industrial importance too. In this context, highly conjugated fluorene-bridged triphenylene triads have been designed with the aim of inducing room temperature nematic phases. In our approach, the length of the alkyl chains bore by the central fluorene unit was changed in order to constrain the space-filling, to modulate the intermolecular π–π interactions, and to control the tendency of the molecular triads to stack into columns, and the subsequent aggregation of the columns in specific ways. This strategy was successful, and in addition to the naturally expected two-dimensional columnar mesophases, most triads exhibit the more elus...


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Obtaining a stone-free status is the main goal of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. However, residual stones remain in many cases where the urologist expected to have reached a stone-free status. Partly because of this, reintervention rates are high and stone-free rates show room for improvement. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) allows for intra-operative cross-sectional and three-dimensional imaging of the urinary tract. In this way, any imaged residual fragments can be extracted in the same procedure, expectedly leading to increased stone-free rates. This study is an observational pilot study to provide insight in the added value of the cone-beam CT-scanner for intraoperatively detecting residual stones. METHODS: From November 2018 until March 2019, CBCTscans were made in patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy in a tertiary-care hospital for complex stone surgery. The scan was made at the point where the urologist thought to have obtained a stone-free status as assessed by nephroscopy and C-arm fluoroscopy. Any found residual fragments were attempted to be extracted within the same procedure. A low-dose follow-up CT-scan was made four weeks postoperatively. Approval by the local Medical Ethics Committee was obtained prior to starting this study. RESULTS: A CBCT-scan was made in 23 procedures during the study period. In 11 procedures (48%), one or more residual fragments visualized on the CBCT-scan could still be extracted. The stone free rate of the 23 patients on the CBCT-scan was 44% whereas the stone free rate on the follow-up CT-scans was 61%. This results in a difference of 17% in stone-free rates before and after the use of the cone-beam CTscanner. Median extra surgery time needed for preparation, performing and interpreting a CBCT-scan was 8 minutes. CBCT-scans had equivalent image quality as compared to the follow-up CT-scan. CONCLUSIONS: Cone-beam CT imaging during percutaneous nephrolithotomy seems an effective method for detecting residual stones intra-operatively. Imaged residual fragments were extracted in a number of cases. In this pilot study, stone-free rates could be increased with the use of CBCT-imaging. This warrants further research.


The Vehicle Information and Communication System (VICS) Centre relies on beacons and FM multiplex broadcasts to provide various kinds of traffic information to vehicles in Japan equipped with car-navigation systems. It enables motorists to receive information about traffic congestion, estimated travel-times, and road or lane closures caused by accidents, road works, inclement weather, disasters, etc. This paper discusses the computer-generated simulations that were devised for estimating the coverage areas of the VICS service provided via FM multiplex broadcasts. It is a method that enables the authors to grasp the extent to which vehicles on a particular road can reliably pick up the signals. The simulations can also be applied to digital broadcasts, and the authors therefore believe that this method could be widely used to determine the coverage area of various broadcast channels in the future.


For a long time, post-reinforcer delays have been considered to have no effect on choice. The most influential choice models therefore do not consider such delays. Recently, however, some studies reported that post-reinforcer delays affect choice behavior in pigeons. One such study (Mazur, 2006) concluded that a short initial link increases the sensitivity to post-reinforcer delays in concurrent-chains schedules. However, this study did not use typical concurrent-chains schedule procedures, in which the number of reinforcements differs between alternatives, and did not systematically analyze the effect of the systematic post-reinforcer delay. The current study therefore examined whether the length of the initial link modulates the post-reinforcer delay effect on choice with standard concurrent-chains schedules and by systematically varying both the initial link and the post-reinforcer delay. As the results, the shorter the initial link length, the larger the effect of the post-reinforcer delay. Models with post-reinforcer delays predicted choice behavior better than models without, but pigeons were more insensitive to delays than the model prediction for long initial links. These findings provide important information for models on choice, and suggest that experiments should be designed with more caution with regards to post-reinforcer delays.


Installation of a jack-up platform is challenging on a hard sloping seabed. The installation and pre-loading can generate large bending moments on the spudcan and hence in the legs. Consequently, it may reduce the safety of the whole jack up system. The ISO jack-up standard (ISO 19905-1, 2012) states that issues associated with positioning of spudcan on a hard sloping stratum shall be carefully considered. However, only few studies have been done on spudcan penetration resistance on a sloping seabed. This study aims to evaluate the spudcan penetration resistance on a sloping seabed by using numerical method. Three dimensional large deformation finite element (LDFE) analyses are performed to investigate the spudcan penetration behaviour on a sloping seabed. The foundation responses including failure mechanism, displacements, vertical and horizontal resistance calculated from the LDFE analyses are compared to a centrifuge modeling tests. It is observed that the spudcan penetration into the sloping seabed generates asymmetric stress distribution, which induces horizontal resistance and moment on the spudcan leg. The increase and decrease of the horizontal resistance is depending on the initial stress distribution under the seabed. Overall, the vertical and lateral penetration resistances from the centrifuge model testing and the numerical analysis present consistent trends. In addition, the failure mechanism are presented at the different stages during the spudcan penetration.


A systematic study of the properties of hydrogen sulfide and its mixtures with hydrocarbons is presented, using the modified and volume translated (t-mPR) as well as the Jhaveri and Youngren volume translated (J-PR) Peng-Robinson equation of state (EoS). Hydrogen sulfide vapor pressure and saturated liquid volume predictions are presented with both EoS. Volumetric predictions with the J-PR EoS are improved when a shift parameter for H2S is incorporated. A simple generalized correlation of the interaction parameters of H2S/n-alkane binary mixtures as a function of the hydrocarbon acentric factor is proposed. The correlation can also be applied to i-alkanes and provides good extrapolation capability to larger alkanes. Interaction parameters for H2S with other hydrocarbons are also given. Application to synthetic multicomponent mixtures and to reservoir oils with high content of H2S gives very satisfactory results.


Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) has been reported to induce heterophillic infiltration, besides causing necrobiotic changes in the bursa of Fabricius (B F) in the affected chicks. Electron microscopic studies presented in the communication describes the association of apoptotic changes in the B F showing negligible cellular response than in those having widely distributed heterophillic infiltration, lymphocytolysis and other necrobiotic lesions in the experimentally infected chicks with IBDV. This would help in explaining the lesions of IBDV infection in the absence of cellular infiltration in the B F of the affected chicks.


Abstract  A 44‐year‐old woman with a history of transient ischemic attack underwent closure of atrial septal defect with a 26 mm Amplatzer device. The device was released without residual shunt or impingement on intracardiac structures. Within seconds, the transesophageal echocardiography showed the initial dislodgement of the device from the atrial septum and its consequent slipping back into the right atrium close to the tricuspid valve. Soon after the device disappeared from the right atrium and it could be founded into the right ventricle under the tricuspid valve. The patient was transferred in the operating room for an emergency operation. The device could not be found in the right ventricle because its downstream migration. The Amplatzer septal occluder was identified by palpation into the pulmonary artery trunk: it was retrieved from the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve and the atrial septal defect was closed by running suture.


ENDOTHYRANELLA INFLATA Hoare and Sturgeon (1998, p. 413, figs. 2.30-2.32, 4.40-4.27) was described from the Pennsylvanian of Ohio and Kentucky. John K. Page, in preparing the index for the Zoological Record, has kindly drawn my attention to the fact that the name E. inflata is preoccupied by E. inflata Berczi-Makk, 1996. Therefore, the new name Endothyranella mehli, for the late M. G. Mehl of the University of Missouri, is hereby proposed for E. inflata Hoare and Sturgeon (non Berczi-Makk).


Sphere of application of punitive damages should not be only in fraudulent relations with consumers. In defective product recall system, businessmen in serious fault,their conducts being against with society and blameful in morals, and furthermore having caused actual harm should be inured to punitive damages. So it can contain manufacturers in bad faith of systematic product defects in force,and safeguard the public security;also it helps build our social economy in order of basing on human rights, honest, trustworthiness and harmonious development, overall protection of the legal rights and interests of consumers. Meanwhile it is valuable to our contry mergeing with the trend of development of international economic trade quickly,and raising international product competition.


Avian tumor viruses are important, economically significant pathogens in the poultry industry, and can provide scientific insight in topics that cannot be experimented in humans. The present review will present viral-induced tumors in poultry and will emphasize the specific findings that can be taken from their study, regarding (a) multiple virus infections in vivo, (b) molecular interactions in vitro and in vivo between avian oncogenic viruses, (c) creation of new viable viruses with altered biological properties by the integration of two retroviruses in vivo, (d) the diversity of clinical signs that appear in viral-infected poultry prior to tumor formation. The inter-viral molecular interaction were studied in vitro and in vivo, in natural infections and in experimentally-infected birds. About 25% of flocks were double-virus-infected, and molecular integrations occurred spontaneously in about 5% of the samples, as by the chimeric molecules detection. In experimentally-infected birds the chimeric molecules rate was higher, while in herpes- and retroviruses co-infected tissue cultures, recombinant virus creation was efficient, leading to a new virus with altered biology. Spontaneous inter-viral recombination occurred between retroviruses, lead to the emergence of a delirious new virus, avian leukosis virus, subgroup J, which actually caused great economic losses to the poultry industry.


Throughout the history of the Oxford English Dictionary its compilers have invited contributions from the public. Anyone, throughout the English-speaking world, could help by reading, and sending in quotations from, texts. This article draws on published and archival sources to describe the work of a selection of the several thousand individuals who have contributed to the OED in this way during the century and a half of the project's existence, presenting some biographical details about them and also examining the ways in which the content of the Dictionary can be seen to reflect their individual contributions; these case studies can be used as a lens through which to view the changing nature of the Dictionary and its methodology over time.


In this study, cooking of the wood had been investigated until kappa numbers 17 and 14 for a process kinetically modified, elimination of oxygen delignification from the fiber line, and application of AD(EO)D and AD(PO)D techniques for pulp of kappa 17 and AD(EO)D and DHT(EPO)DP for pulp of kappa 14 for the bleaching at 90% ISO. As references, cookings had been carried out until kappa number 17 and 14, oxygen delignification in simple stage and conventional bleaching with sequences A/D(EO)D, A/D(EPO)D, A/D(EO)DP and A/D(EPO)DP for the kappa number 17 pulp and oxygen delignification in simple stage and conventional bleaching sequence DHT(EPO)DP for pulp of kappa 14. For the pulp of kappa 17, one concluded that processes AD(EO)D and AD(PO)D produced pulp of brightness 90% ISO with good


Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV, genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae) is the causal agent of diseases in a wide range of cucurbitaceae host species, causing important economic losses. During a 2014 survey of the main muskmelon (Cucumis melo) growing areas of Rajasthan in India, plants showing virus-like symptoms such as leaf curling, yellow vein mosaic, decreased leaf size and stunting were observed. Leaves from symptomatic plants were collected, total RNA was extracted from infected leaves using the TRIZOL (Sambrook and Russell, 2001) method and subjected to RT-PCR using potyvirus degenerate primers Pot1 and Pot2 (Colinet et al., 1997). A ca. 1.5 kb amplicon was partially sequenced and deposited in GenBank (Accession no. KJ425470) as Zucchini yellow mosaic virus isolate Rajasthan. BLASTn revealed 100% sequence identity with ZYMV-SG from China (AJ316228), 96% with ZYMV-NAT from Israel (EF062282) and 95% with ZYMV-fars from Iran (JN183062). In a phylogenetic analysis ZYMV-Rajasthan clustered with Asian ZYMV isolates. ZYMV was previously reported from cucurbitaceae species but, to our knowledge, this is the first report of ZYMV on muskmelon in India.


In this article, the author begins by outlining the main features of the Fixed Ability paradigm and the Learning Without Limits paradigm (developed in the book of the same name) respectively. It is argued that the Fixed Ability paradigm must be contested if we are to realise the unlimited potential of the working class, a basic premise of Marxism. The author goes on to suggest that while the LWL paradigm is a considerable advance on the Fixed Ability paradigm, and that it accords with this basic premise of Marxism, it is lacking in two respects: first, its inherent social democratic politics, and second, its lack of concern with the emancipatory potential of content in the curriculum. The author concludes by suggesting some spaces within the English National Curriculum where discussions about global capitalism, and its only humane alternative, international socialism, might take place.


Pauli channels are ubiquitous in quantum information, both as a dominant noise source in many computing architectures and as a practical model for analyzing error correction and fault tolerance. Here, we prove several results on efficiently learning Pauli channels and more generally the Pauli projection of a quantum channel. We first derive a procedure for learning a Pauli channel on n qubits with high probability to a relative precision ϵ using O(ϵ-2n2n) measurements, which is efficient in the Hilbert space dimension. The estimate is robust to state preparation and measurement errors, which, together with the relative precision, makes it especially appropriate for applications involving characterization of high-accuracy quantum gates. Next, we show that the error rates for an arbitrary set of s Pauli errors can be estimated to a relative precision ϵ using O(ϵ-4log s log s/ϵ) measurements. Finally, we show that when the Pauli channel is given by a Markov field with at most k-local correlations, we can learn an entire n-qubit Pauli channel to relative precision ϵ with only Ok(ϵ-2n2logn) measurements, which is efficient in the number of qubits. These results enable a host of applications beyond just characterizing noise in a large-scale quantum system: they pave the way to tailoring quantum codes, optimizing decoders, and customizing fault tolerance procedures to suit a particular device.


Flame photometry was found to be the best method for determining alkali- metal impurities in rubidium and cesium. However, emission intensities are enhanced by factors of four to five by the major component. Furthermore, enhancement factors vary 20 to 30% (depending on concentration). This severe enhancement is overcome by the simulated standards method, and determinations of minor components are accurate to within plus or minus 2.8% of the amount present, at the 95% confidence level. Assays for major component alkalies are accomplished by conversion to sulfates and correcting the weight of sulfates for determined impurities. These determinations are accurate to within plus or minus 0.16% of the amount present at the 95% confidence level.


Background: Medical abortion represents an alternative to first trimester aspiration abortion and has been used by millions of women throughout the world. A numerous study has demonstrated that combination of mifepristone and misporostol is highly efficacious with success rate of approximately 97%.Methods: In the present randomized study 100 women who were requesting for first trimester medical abortion were included in the study. This randomized study was conducted for a period of one year in a tertiary health care centre. All these women were randomly assigned to receive either oral misoprostol (n=52) (group 1) or vaginal misoprostol (n=48) (group 2). We found that after the administration of mifepristone, vaginal misoprostol for the induction of abortion upto 49 days was more effective than oral misoprostol.Results: In present study maximum number of patients were in the age group of 26-30 years. Multiparous women comprised of maximum number of patients in both 70% in group 1 and 83% in group 2. The gestational age at the time of inclusion in study was maximum upto 7 weeks or 49 days gestation in both groups. Acceptability of medical abortion is more in urban locality i.e. 73% in group 1 and 81% in group 2. 73% in group 1 and 79% in group 2 chose to have misoprostol at home. 92% patients in group 1 and 95% patients in group 2 initiated bleeding per vaginum within 4 hours. Side effects like nausea, vomiting and diarrhea were compared. 92.4% patients in group 1 and 97% patients in group 2 who had expulsion of conception without need of surgical intervention was comparable. Only 2 patients in group 1 had incomplete abortion and needed surgical aspiration.Conclusions: This study showed UA-S/D ratio and UA-RI>2SD are significant predictors of perinatal deaths and immediate neonatal resuscitation in preeclampsia. Acute fetal distress in labour or neonatal nursery admission could not be predicted.


A basic thermal environment model of the spherical Nano satellite was established. The temperature control strategies was proposed based on the PID active thermal control. Certain size step signal load was inputted separately to the heat sources of the instrument, the radiator as well as the outer covering in the controlled object system, Then MATLAB simulation experiment was carried on. Results show that PID control system can adjust and control the Nano-satellite thermal system more accurately and rapidly.


The control of financial and tangible resources using is one of the key tasks of management. The paper is devoted to tax control as a control of the legality of the formation and use of financial resources. It is scientifically substantiated that the proper tax control is the one of the main factors of security and economic well-being of the state is substantiated. That is why this topic is important and deserves attention.
The concept of state financial control is analyzed and its main features are singled out. The paper reveals the economic and legal essence of the concept of "state financial control" and clarifies its content. The tax control role in ensuring economic security and its attitude to state control is analyzed. The tasks of tax control and their attitude to the management of state financial resources are highlighted.
As a result of the analysis of the definitions of the concept of "state financial control", the main approaches, essential features and properties to its understanding are highlighted. The paper examines the definition of essence of tax control, its functional purpose and correlation of state financial control. Tax control is regarded as an indispensable and the most important part of state control. The essence and role of the state financial checking system is exposed for providing the effective use of the financial resources of the state and them having a special purpose use for providing socio-economic development of the state. The basic techniques of the tax control are defined. The ways of improving fiscal control in Ukraine are proposed.
As an independent system, tax control provides control procedures to establish variations in the activity system that is controlled by predetermined parameters, the causes of these abnormalities and their removal, while using their own forms and methods to effectively achieve this goal.


Molecular-dynamics calculations at different temperatures and pressures have been performed to study the sequence of phase transitions: hexagonal (P6 3 /mmc)-orthorhombic (Pnam)-orthorhombic (Pna2 1 ) in K 2 SeO 4 . The potential model consists of rigid-ion long-range Coulombic and short-range repulsive forces fitted to structural data of the room-temperature phase, the tetrahedral SeO 4 groups being reduced to rigid bodies. A method that uses symmetry-adapted coordinates is introduced to separate the phonon spectrum into symmetry classes and to obtain the eigenvectors of the accessible modes


A voice treatment protocol using a computer-assisted biofeedback device for hyper-functional voice disorders was evaluated in two adults. The specific components of the treatment were assessed using a single-subject interaction design. The overall contribution of relaxation to the treatment package was also evaluated. The treatment package was effective in improving the voice, as demonstrated by elimination of the vocal nodules, subjective data (ratings of the voice by subjects and naive listeners), and objective data (changes in fundamental frequency, maximum phonation time, perturbation factor percentages, breathing errors, and slow rise in volume). It appeared that the effect of the combined relaxation and traditional voice protocol was cumulative in nature, and addition of therelaxation component was no more effective than the protocol without the relaxation component.


Electric power transmission utilities make an effort to maximize profit by reducing their electricity supply and operation costs while maintaining their reliability. The development of maintenance strategies for aged components is one of the more effective ways to achieve this goal. The reliability centered approach is a key method in providing optimal maintenance strategies. It considers the tradeoffs between the upfront maintenance costs and the potential costs incurred by reliability losses. This paper discusses the application of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique used to find the optimal maintenance strategy for a transmission component in order to achieve the minimum total expected cost composed of Generation Cost (GC), Maintenance Cost (MC), Repair Cost (RC) and Outage Cost (OC). Three components of a transmission system are considered: overhead lines, underground cables and insulators are considered. In regards to aged and aging component, a component state model that uses a modified Markov chain is proposed. A simulation has been performed on an IEEE 9-bus system. The results from this simulation are quite encouraging, and then the proposed approach will be useful in practical maintenance scheduling.


[1] Recently, Cervera and Elford (2004) extended earlier work on the development of the meteor radar response function (Elford, 1964; Thomas et al., 1988) to include a nonuniform meteor ionization profile. This approach has the advantage that the height distribution of meteors expected to be observed by a radar meteor system is able to be accurately modeled and insights into the meteoroid chemistry to be gained. The meteor radar response function is also an important tool with regard to the interpretation of meteor backscatter in other areas, e.g., modeling the expected diurnal variation of sporadic meteors, investigating the expected echo distribution over the sky, and the calculation of the expected rate curves of meteor showers. We exemplify each of these techniques from the analysis of meteor data collected by the Buckland Park 2 MHz system during October 1997. In addition, we show that the response function may be used to quantify the echo rate of a given shower relative to the sporadic background and thus determine if that shower is able to be detected by the radar.


When does a fire go out? If a fire is extinguished it will go out, but what if it is allowed to burn out on its own? If we continue to add fuel to the fire, it will burn; if there is no more fuel, the fire eventually goes out. This can also happen to people. One may reach a point where there is no energy left. Burnout is described as, "fatigue, frustration, or apathy resulting from prolonged stress, overwork, or intense activity" (dictionary.com). When burnout happens, joy in one's work, calling, or other things that once brought happiness disappears. The mental and physical exhaustion can be so severe that one can no longer care for their needs or for the needs of those around them.


Network topology discovery is a very important research topic in today's network management,based on MengJing's network topology discovery algorithm,the paper proposes a more complete and efficient algorithm to improve it and describe it in detail,the application in the real network topology discovery shows its good results.


Shoots of a poplar clone susceptible to a Ceratocystis fimbriata strain from poplar were inoculated with strains of the fungus isolated from cacao-tree and plane. Disease symptoms and pathological changes in shoots as well as the development of the fungus in tissues are reported.


The source of an excellent landscape painting is from the nature and the artists' experience and the revelation of his true feeling. Artistic conception is an objective reflection of life- a communication between the nature and the artist- an organic unity of subject and object- and an organic combination of the artist's feeling and his formal sense of beauty. Without artistic conception- a landscape oil panting is lack of soul- so artistic conception is both the theme and soul of a painting. Feeling is not only the base but also the core of the formation of every artistic conception.


A series of the absorption spectrum changes in polypyrrole films were analyzed using the Nernst equation by two models. One is the "monomer unit model" and the other is the "polaron/bipolaron model." In the first model, formal electrode potentials and the n-values were obtained and usec~ to fit calculated hAbs vs. E curves to the experimental plots at three wavelengths. In the second model, the "apparent" excess chemical potentials were introduced to correct for the large deviations between the Nernst equation and the Nernst plots obtained from the absorption spectra. The calculated hAbs vs. E curves were then fitted to the experimental plots. The "apparent" excess chemical potentials were assigned as corrections for species concentrations. Advantages of the monomer unit model over the polaron/bipolaron model are pointed out in the precise analyses of the spectroelectrochemical behavior of the films. Electroconducting polymers, such as polypyrroles, polythiophenes, and polyanilines, have been recently receiving much attention because they can be easily prepared by electrochemical polymerization, are stable in air, and also have unique electronic, electrochemical, and optical properties (1-4). One of the most interesting aspects of these polymers is their spectroelectrochemical behavior (5-7). For these electroconducting polymers, spectroelectrochemical studies have been intensively carried out (8-20). The absorption spectra are quantitatively analyzed using the Nernst equation, and the formal electrode potentials and "n-values" (the number of electrons transferred during the redox reactions) are then obtained (8-11). Furthermore, Marque and Roneali (11) carried out comparative spectroelectrochemical studies of three-substituted polythiophenes and analyzed the deviations of the Nernst plots (E vs. log [O]/[R]) from linearity in terms of (i) the coulombic interactions between charged sites, and (ii) the mechanical work required to expand the polymer lattice by the insertion of counterions and solvent molecules. The common and important points and/or assumptions in these studies (8-11) are that the redox reactions of these polymers can be described by one "monomer unit," not by several monomer units of the polymers. From now on, we call the t reatment of the redox reactions of electroconducting polymers in terms of monomer units as "monomer unit model." In addition, redox reactions (including spectroelectrochemical behavior) of the electroconducting polymer (polypyrrole) can be analyzed (12, 13) using the Nernst equation in terms of a polaron/bipolaron model (3). This model treats the polymers in several monomer units having +1 or +2 charges, and describes the redox reactions of the polymers by these units. Therefore, the number of electrons transferred during the redox reactions are + 1 or +2 by this model. According to such analyses (13), excess chemical potentials must be introduced to explain nonNernstian behavior of the polymer. They were attributed * Electrochemical Society Active Member. to the coulombic interactions among charged particles (polarons and bipolarons). In this paper, we discuss the principle difference between the monomer unit model and the polaron/bipolaron model in treating the (spectro)electrochemistry of the elect roconducting polymers. In the first part of this paper, the monomer unit model is employed, and a series of absorption spectrum changes (AAbs) of polypyrrole (PPy) films depending on applied potentials (E) are analyzed using the Nernst equation. Calculated curves of hAbs vs. E at three wavelengths are compared to experimental data and both the ideal Nernstian aspects and the limitation of the analyses of PPy films are discussed. In the second part, the polaron/bipolaron model is employed, and the absorption spectra are analyzed in the same way as in the first part. The "apparent" excess chemical potentials are introduced to correct for the large deviations between the predicted behavior and the Nems t plots obtained from the absorption spectra. It is then shown that the "apparent" excess chemical potentials from the PPy films result from the polaron/bipolaron model chosen, and that these "apparent" excess chemical potentials are different from those discussed by Marque and Roncali (11). Finally, we point out some advantages of the monomer unit model over the polaron/bipolaron model in treating the (spectro)electrochemistry of electroconducting polymers.


Based on the analysis of the imaging process of optoelectronic imaging anti-ship missile, an automatic registration algorithm is proposed, and its basic idea is to decompose the transform model and simplify it step by step. Originally, the distortion between infrared and visible images is affine. First, by adjusting sensor parameters, the scaling change between images is eliminated and the affine transform is simplified into rigid transform. Then depending on image information, the centroid of the target's contour is computed by morphological edge detection and chosen as control point, which is used to eliminate the translational change between images and achieve the complete alignment. Finally, the registration effect is assessed by judging whether the sea-sky-lines of the two registered images are superposed and using the rule of root mean square error. The simulation experiments convince that the algorithm is accurate, fast, and can meet the precision requirement for target recognition, providing a good way for solving the difficult registration problem of small target images with different sensors.


Introduction: Urachal remnants, such as the vesicourachal diverticulum, or urachal cysts are rarely involved in calculus or calcification. There are currently no case reports of urachal remnants with calculus just below the umbilicus.
Case Presentation: A healthy 28-year-old man presented with umbilical drainage. Abdominal computed tomography showed inflammation just below the umbilicus with calculus. The patient was diagnosed with ombilitis with a urachal remnant and underwent laparoscopic resection for the urachal remnant after the attenuation of ombilitis. Surgical findings showed that the omentum adhered to the abdominal wall along with the urachal duct. The urachal duct with calculus was resected at the top of the bladder. The main component of calculus was silicic acid. Pathological findings were compatible with a urachal remnant and there was no evidence of a malignant tumor.
Discussion: The main component of calculus is derived from necrotic material caused by inflammation because silicic acid was detected, indicating a different etiology from that of urinary calculus.
Conclusion: We encountered a rare case of a urachal remnant with calculus below the umbilicus.


Many rabbit housing in Egypt were constructed without systematic design models from the viewpoint of sizing evaporative pad cooling system were determined by subtle mathematical models to solve this problem. Four commercial rabbit houses located at 30.95°N and 31.09°E and the pad fan evaporative cooling system were used to reduce the energy and side effects of heat stress on rabbit housing during summer 2017. Three different mathematical forms these forms were ASHRAE form (form 1); airflow depended upon the volume of the house (form 2), and heat balance (from 3). The house that operated with pad fan evaporative cooling and full pad area facing the fan had the best conditions for rabbits and the highest values of cooling performance. Therefore, the actual results for the previous house were the lowest indoor temperature was 26.85°C, the highest indoor relative humidity was 67.83 %, the highest saturation efficiency of cooling was 76.28%, the highest cooling potential was 7.25 °C and the highest value of the temperature-humidity index was 25.6 °C. Finally, when compared the obtained results from these houses with the results from calculation models, can found that these houses related nearly with the heat balance model.


It is indicated in the empirical study,based on the data from 1978to 2011in Anhui Province,of the relationship between the finance development and industrial structure upgrading by use of VAR Model that there exists the long term equilibrium relationship between them except the good interactive development.And it is concluded that the upgrading of the total finance development is obviously the promotion to the improvement on the industrial structure upgrading but the enhancement of finance development effectiveness is less covered in that of the industrial structure upgrading.


A trajectory generation method which is based on NURBS interpolation is studied to improve the fitting accuracy and smoothness of non-circular cross section and obtain higher accuracy of the final non-circular profile control.After using the NURBS,the most optimized and smooth trajectory for the linear actuator can be obtained.For the purpose of machining the non-circular cross section by CNC turning,the fast response linear actuator has been used.The control algorithm which is compound control of proportional-integral-differential(PID)and iterative learning control has been developed for non-circular profile generation.By using the NURBS interpolation and the compound control of PID and iterative learning control,the final motion accuracy of linear actuator has been improved,therefore,the machining accuracy of the non-circular turning can be improved.


Bio-based polyols are synthesized from wastes such as used cooking oils, and from compounds present on orange, tomato, and pine (i.e. (+)-limonene, lycopene, and α-pinene, respectively). In this work, we synthesized the polyols by using a one-pot reaction. To achieve this, a performic acid epoxidation (in situ) opens the epoxides with water at different reaction times in a temperature of 65◦C at atmospheric pressure. The obtained polyols were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (H NMR) and the refractive index (nD).The number of hydroxyl groups was determined a value in a range of 129 up to 215 mg KOH / g. The resultant polyurethane adhesives were synthesized adding methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) to the polyols. Preliminary adhesion tests with these polyurethanes indicated that it can be probably used to produce more ecological glue in the footwear industry. The economic evaluation shows that the investment has the potential to address the environmental and economic challenges of waste cocking oil contributing to improve the sustainability of glue industry. Keywords—Cooking oil, Natural waste, Polyols, Polyurethane adhesives, Footwear industry


UCMs (Use Case Maps) model describes functional requirements and high-level designs with causal paths superimposed on a structure of components. It could provide useful resources for software acceptance testing. However until now statistical testing technologies for large scale software is not considered yet in UCMs model. Thus if one applies UCMs model to a large scale software using traditional coverage based exhaustive tasting, then it requires too much costs for the quality assurance. Therefore this paper proposes an importance analysis of UCMs model with Markov chains. With this approach not only highly frequently used usage scenarios but also important objects such as components, responsibilities, stubs and plugins can also be identified from UCMs specifications. Therefore careful analysis, design, implementation and efficient testing could be possible with the importance of scenarios and objects during the full software life cycle. Consequently product reliability can be obtained with low costs. This paper includes an importance analysis method that identifies important scenarios and objects and a case study to illustrate the applicability of the proposed approach.


This study describes a method for increasing the life of a particular recording head through a material development approach. Cylindrical specimens that approximate the actual head contour are used to evaluate several non-magnetic coating materials for wear resistance. The fabrication requirements associated with these materials, and the many facets of system performance are discussed. The best overall results for the simulated head are achieved with the aluminum-oxide and titanium-dioxide coating.


Measurements of mass (µ/ρ) and linear (µ) attenuation coefficients of Copper in the energy range 10keV to 1500keV have been carried out under narrow-collimated-beam method with HP (Ge) as a photon detector. The values of mass (µ/ρ) and linear (µ) attenuation coefficients thus obtained are found to be in good agreement with the values computed theoretically by J.H.Hubbell and S.M. Seltzer [Tables of X-Ray Mass Attenuation coefficients (1995)].


Objective This study observed plaque distribution on primary dentition to offer more scientific toothbrushing instruction.Methods 120 5-year old children were included in this study.After stained with disclosing tablets,plaque deposits on all primary teeth were recorded using plaque index(PI).Results The mean PI was 1.69 ± 0.01 ;There was no significant difference of PI between boys and girls.Buccal surface of upper posterior molar showed the highest PI Score among all areas.Compared to anterior teeth,posterior teeth manifested higher PI.In maxillary dentition,deposits on labial surface were more than those on palatal site.While in mandibular dentition,dental plaque was more serious on lingual site..Conclusion Toothbrushing should be emphasized on those areas with higher PI score.


A variational principle for time dependent diffusion problems is presented and is demonstrated by applying it to simple seasonal climate models. Two cases are treated. The first, a North-Coakley-type model with constant properties, is used as a tutorial example for the application of the technique. For the second case, heat capacity and thermal conductivity are considered to be latitude dependent in order to treat the effects of land/ocean distribution on the seasonal temperature distribution over the earth. The variational equations are derived and approximate analytical solutions are developed which delineate the influences of the physical asymmetries of the hemispheres in producing an asymmetric annual cycle.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how public relations practitioners perceive investor relations itself and what the potential is in terms of public relations with empirical results.Design/methodology/approach – A web‐based survey was conducted by using systematic random sampling with a probability sample of 5,000 public relations practitioners drawn from the 2004 Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) Directory. The survey consisted of three sections, investor relations functions at organizations with a multiple‐answer format, perceptions on specific activities of investor relations with a seven‐point Likert scale, and demographic information.Findings – Practitioners conceived that counseling with top management the most important investor relations activity and that earning a reputation for honesty the most significant result the activity can create. Moreover, practitioners considered direct involvement with top management a highly effective investor relations strategy for achiev...


Polypropylene(PP) is modified to improve its toughness at low temperature by using elestomer.The material mechanical properties are studied ineluding the stiffness,the impact strength and the tensile strength of the blend system,as well as the effects of variation of components content of the blead system on the properties. Then the best formula of material used in the shear-board was gained.The results show that in a proper ratio,the PP/c-PP/elastomer /PE blends can perfectly meet the performance of the shear-board.


This paper investigates a programming language in which one states one's program as a single imperative sentence and then supplies the compile with a collection of definitions, such as one would find in Webster's dictionary. The compiler would then supply the control flow needed to unify the definitions into a program. The objective was to discover the salient features such a compiler would have to have --- in particular, whether a programming language based on this style of programming might be more natural a way to eliminate control flow than production systems or PROLOG are.


SYNOPSIS. Gammarus species time the release of their young by using ovarian diapause and the duration of embryonic development. During diapause vitellogenesis is arrested and oostegite setae are lost. The onset of diapause is influenced by photoperiod under experimental conditions. Two Gammarus species were studied. Gammarus lawrencianus is typical of the majority of Gammarus species that produce sequential broods through the summer and have a diapause in the autumn. Gammarus setosus is typical of those which have an obligatory diapause lasting most of the year that follows the annual autumn brood. Experimental short day photoperiods (4L to 12L) induce vitellogenesis in Gammarus setosus , and have the opposite effect on Gammarus lawrencianus . Long day photoperiods promote vitellogenesis in Gammarus lawrencianus and prolong the duration of diapause in Gammarus setosus . It is concluded that these two Gammarus species have their own endogenous rhythms and that the role of photoperiod is to time the reproductive cycle. Short days near the time of the fall equinox ensure that this timing is synchronized over a range of latitudes. The effect of photoperiod is modulated by the influence of temperature on embryonic development over the broad range of geographic latitude inhabited by the species. Short photoperiods inhibit but do not prevent sexual maturation of the young. Short days also result in a slower average growth rate and greater size at maturity.


The Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration (DPR) can be a useful tool for maximizing FPGA performance while minimizing power consumption and FPGA size requirements. This work explores the application of the DPR technique in a computer vision application that implements different algorithms. This technique could allow for a similar computer vision system to be realized on a smaller, low-power chipset. Different algorithms can have unique characteristics that yield better performance in certain scenarios; the best algorithm for the current scenario may change during runtime. However, implementing all available algorithms in hardware increases the space and power requirements of the FPGA. We analyze a system that can load an individual edge detection algorithm into the computer vision processing pipeline with negligible interruptions to data processing by using DPR.


Atomic layer deposition (ALD) has been recognized as a promising method to deposit conformal and uniform thin film of copper for future electronic devices. However, many aspects of the reaction mechanism and the surface chemistry of copper ALD remain unclear. In this paper, we employ plane wave density functional theory (DFT) to study the transmetalation ALD reaction of copper dimethylamino-2-propoxide [Cu(dmap)2] and diethylzinc [Et2Zn] that was realized experimentally by Lee et al. [Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2009, 48, 4536−4539]. We find that the Cu(dmap)2 molecule adsorbs and dissociates through the scission of one or two Cu–O bonds into surface-bound dmap and Cu(dmap) fragments during the copper pulse. As Et2Zn adsorbs on the surface covered with Cu(dmap) and dmap fragments, butane formation and desorption was found to be facilitated by the surrounding ligands, which leads to one reaction mechanism, while the migration of ethyl groups to the surface leads to another reaction mechanism. During both reacti...


Background: It is well known that contaminated surfaces contribute to the transmission of pathogens in healthcare settings, necessitating the need for antimicrobial strategies beyond routine cleaning with momentary disinfectants. A recent publication demonstrated that application of a novel, continuously active antimicrobial surface coating in ICUs resulted in the reduction of healthcare-associated infections. Objective: We determined the general microbial bioburden and incidence of relevant pathogens present in patient rooms at 2 metropolitan hospitals before and after application of a continuously active antimicrobial surface coating. Methods: A continuously active antimicrobial surface coating was applied to patient rooms in intensive care units (ICUs) twice over an 18-month period and in non-ICUs twice over a 6-month study period. The environmental bioburden was assessed 8–16 weeks after each treatment. A 100-cm2 area was swabbed from frequently touched areas in patient rooms: patient chair arm rest, bed rail, TV remote, and backsplash behind the sink. The total aerobic bacteria count was determined for each location by enumeration on tryptic soy agar (TSA); the geometric mean was used to compare bioburden before and after treatment. Each sample was also plated on selective agar for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and Clostridioides difficile to determine whether pathogens were present. Pathogen incidence was calculated as the percentage of total sites positive for at least 1 of the 4 target organisms. Results: Before application of the antimicrobial coating, total aerobic bacteria counts in ICUs were >1,500 CFU/100 cm2, and at least 30% of the sites were positive for a target pathogen (ie, CRE, VRE, MRSA or C. difficile). In non-ICUs, the bioburden before treatment was at least 500 CFU/100 cm2, with >50% of sites being contaminated with a pathogen. After successive applications of the surface coating, total aerobic bacteria were reduced by >80% in the ICUs and >40% in the non-ICUs. Similarly, the incidence of pathogen-positive sites was reduced by at least 50% in both ICUs and non-ICUs. Conclusions: The use of a continuously active antimicrobial surface coating provides a significant (P < .01) and sustained reduction in aerobic bacteria while also reducing the occurrence of epidemiologically important pathogens on frequently touched surfaces in patient rooms. These findings support the use of novel antimicrobial technologies as an additional layer of protection against the transmission of potentially harmful bacteria from contaminated surfaces to patients. Funding: Allied BioScience provided Funding: for this study. Disclosures: Valerie Beck reports salary from Allied BioScience.


The February 1986 event that led to Marcos's downfall is usually labelled as the "February Revolution" or the "EDSA Revolution." On the other hand, all sorts of analyses have argued to the effect that the "EDSA Revolution" cannot be called a revolution, that it can best be described as a form of regime-change, a coup d'etat, a restoration, and so forth [see Carino 1986]. Yet to the hundreds of thousands of Filipinos from all social classes who massed on the streets that week there seemed to be no doubt that they were "making revolution" and that they were participating in "people power." For the revolution to be, it sufficed for them to throw caution aside (bahala na), to confront the tanks and guns of the state, to experience a couple of hours of solidarity with the anonymous crowd, and to participate in exorcising the forces of darkness (i. e., the Marcos regime). Should the business of naming the event a "revolution" be understood, then, simply in terms of its political referent? Whatever the reality of the processes enveloping them, the crowds on EDSA seemed to readily interpret or locate their experience within a familiar discourse of revolution and mass action. The present essay explores the discursive frame of radical politics from the 1950s up to 1986. I) I hope to explain why "revolution" and "people power" were familiar in 1986, as well as why the imagined "1986 EDSA revolution" also constitutes a departure or break from the Marcos/Communist Party discourse of revolution. The lack of a "Great Tradition" preceding the Spanish intervention in the seventeenth century prevents any identification of contemporary Filipino leaders with god* Department of History and Politics, James Cook University, Townsville, Q 4811 Australia (Visiting Research Scholar, The Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, from November 1991 to November 1992) 1) Craig Reynold's masterly study of Thai radical discourse [1987J provided some basic insights for this essay. See also Vicente Rafael's provocative essay on the circulation of political signs during the early Marcos regime. Benedict Anderson's comments on an early draft of this paper are gratefully acknowledged.


Objective To study the relationship between spontaneous infrared radiation of Taiyuan (LU9) and pulmonary function.Methods PHE 201 infrared spectrometer was used to detected spontaneous infrared radiation of LU9,Daling (PC7) and control points (no-acupoint) in 104 volunteers.The relationship between spontaneous infrared radiation of LU9 and pulmonary function was analyzed.Results There was correlation between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV_1),maximal ventilatory volume (MVV) and spontaneous infrared radiation intensity at certain wavelength on 4 out of 6 detected locations (r=0.197-0.334,P0.05 or P0.01).The amount of wavelength at which pulmonary function was relevant to spontaneous infrared radiation of left LU9 was more than that on other detected locations (P0.01).Conclusion [WTBZ]There is obvious correlation between pulmonary function and spontaneous infrared radiation of LU9,which can reflect pulmonary function sensitively.


The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1M HCl by indoloimidazole derivative namely (3,4 – dihydro–2-(phenyl)imidazo[4,5-b]indole) (DPI) has been studied using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance and quantum chemical studies. Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the inhibitor. The effect of temperature on the corrosion behavior of mild steel was s tudied in the range of 303 K – 343 K. potentiodynamic polarization results shows that the inhibitor act as mixed type in 1M HCl. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the mild steel surface follows Langmuir and Tempkin adsorption isotherms at 303K. Molecular madeling has been conducted to correlate the corrosion inhibition properties with the calculated quantum chemical parameters. *Correspondence Sowmya Ramkumar, Department of Chemistry, PSGR Krishnammal College for Women Email: email@example.com


OBJECTIVE To investigate the composition of biliary pathogenic bacteria and state of drug resistance in cholelithiasis patients in Shaoxing area,to guide appropriate use of antimicrobials. METHODS A total of 287 pathogenic bacteria isolated from cholelithiasis patients bile specimen which recruited from Jan.2009 to June.2010 and state of drug resistance were analyzed.And ESBLs tests were performed in Gram-negative bacilli. RESULTS Of 287 pathogenic bacteria,Gram-negative bacilli accounted for 68.64%,predominantly E.coli and K.pneumoniae(27.18% and 11.50% respectively).Gram-positive cocci accounted for 28.57%,most of them were enterococci,which accounted for of 25.78% in all pathogenic bacteria(Enterococcus faecalis 8.7%,excrement Enterococcus faecium 5.92%).Fungus accounted for 2.79%.Enterobacteriaceae had a relative high sensitivity to imipenem,meropenem and etapenem;furthermore,enterococci had low drug resistance rate to linozulam,teicoplanin and vancomycin. CONCLUSION Cholelithiasis patients′ bile bacterial infection are mostly caused by Gram-negative bacilli,and the vast majority of them is E.coli.Different bacteria have variable resistance to antimicrobials,hence,it is meaningful to monitor bacterial drug resistance for clinical drug appropriate and reasonable use.


While interest, availability and use of FPAAs have grown, FPAAs still have not achieved the same success as FPGAs in the digital domain. This results from several factors, including the lack of CAD tools, small circuit density, small bandwidth and layout dependent noise figures. These factors are all related to each other, making the design of a high performance FPAA a multi-dimensional problem. A critical reason behind these difficulties is the non-ideal programming technology, which contributes a large portion of parasitics into the sensitive analog system. This paper presents a high performance, radiation hard Laser Field Programmable Analog Array (LFPAA) using LaserLink MakeLink/spl trade/ technology. Because of its extremely low resistance, negligible parasitic capacitance and full compatibility with commercial CMOS process, MakeLink/spl trade/ can fully reduce these FPAA design concerns and offer a breakthrough capability in analog array performance. The proposed LFPAA consists of a 4 x 4 array of Configurable Analog Blocks (CABs) surrounded by abundant interconnect resources. There are 16 PAD groups around the chip, and 8 tracks per X/Y channel. Each CAB has 4 input and 4 output pins with internal circuit operating in fully differential mode. With appropriate programming, the LFPAA can provide an accurate, low-cost and rapid-prototyping analog ASIC solution.


A recent study has suggested that guanylate kinase 1 (GK1) plays a crucial role in SARS CoV-2 replication and recommended to test GK 1 inhibitors for invitro experiments and previous studies have suggested a role in the pathogenesis of some neoplasms. We are providing a concise strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis of this hypothesis while discussing guanylate kinase physiological function, pharmacological importance. Importantly, we suggest assessing another potential interaction between SARS CoV-2 and the non-authentic membrane-associated guanylate kinases as we suggest this might add to consider the potential role of amantadine in COVID-19 management. Moreover, though GK1 role in SARS CoV-2 replication might prove valid, the available experimental inhibitors of GK 1 might not, at least for the short term, be safely used to manage COVID-19. Finally, we recommend conducting genetic, physiological, and immunological studies to explore the long-term potentials of GK-1 inhibitors suggesting they might eventually lead to a novel COVID-19 and cancer pharmacotherapeutics.


Teaching quality evaluation (hereinafter referred to as TQE) plays an important role in improving the teaching quality of universities.In order to improve the accuracy of college TQE, based on the familiarity with big data technology and university TQE technology, this paper expounds the development and application scope of college teaching based on big data, and constructs a university TQE system based on big data technology, mainly including big data information collection and analysis function module, curriculum resource management function module, TQE management and feedback tracking function module and user management function module. In order to further improve the accuracy of the overall quality evaluation of the system, the system uses the fuzzy evaluation method to normalize the evaluation data and realize the accurate evaluation of the teaching quality. The experimental results show that the designed TQE system can accurately complete the evaluation of teaching quality, and has practical application value.


In this paper, we formulate a class of language-based specifications for modeling the desired behavior of a system of distributed autonomous discrete event systems. We model system behavior using a formal language-based representation of a process. We identify singularity and congruence as inherent constraints on processes in such systems. We define normal processes to be those that are both singular and congruent, and show that normal processes are well-behaved. In particular, they possess a necessary characteristic for conversion into automaton-based models, i.e., they can be uniquely represented by a formal language.


For efficient management of battery, we should accurately predict remaining capacity(SOC, State of Charge) and health(SOH, State of Health) of battery. To measure open voltage of battery, we can estimate approximated SOC. We also measure the voltage drop at engine start condition to estimate the state of health for battery. From the voltage drop, we can calculate internal resistance which is related with life of battery. In this paper, we propose the method how to predict parameter of battery.


The victory at Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 had significant ramifications in the field of art history, enabling the assimilation of the art of al-Andalus into the kingdom of Castile – a phenomenon which would only become intensified with the passage of time – and allowing the Archbishop of Toledo, Rodrigo Jiménez de Rada (r. 1209–47) and King Alfonso X (r. 1252–84) to initiate a cultural project which would culminate in the Spain we broadly know today. This process required the integration of Andalusi territories, and more broadly implied an increasingly Arabized material culture divorced from its Islamic religious values, which is to say, its Islamic nature.


Abstract : The patent application discloses a light source which produces high peak power pulsed light output principally within the 4700A - 5100A spectral range. This consists of a sealed envelope of material substantially transparent to light energy within that spectral range and two oppositely disposed electrically conductive electrodes extending into its interior forming a short gap therebetween. An elemental metal chosen from the group including zinc, cadmium, and mercury is contained within the envelope. The external terminals of the two electrodes are connected to a source of pulsed electrical energy of sufficient power to generate a pulsed current flow across the gap between the electrodes. This produces heat to vaporize the metal within the envelope, and to sustain its vapor pressure at not less than three atmospheres which results in an extremely high peak power light output principally within the 4700A - 5100A spectral range.


Human γD crystallin (HγD‐Crys), a major component of the human eye lens, is a 173‐residue, primarily β‐sheet protein, associated with juvenile and mature‐onset cataracts. HγD‐Crys has four tryptophans, with two in each of the homologous Greek key domains, which are conserved throughout the γ‐crystallin family. HγD‐Crys exhibits native‐state fluorescence quenching, despite the absence of ligands or cofactors. The tryptophan absorption and fluorescence quenching may influence the lens response to ultraviolet light or the protection of the retina from ambient ultraviolet damage. To provide fluorescence reporters for each quadrant of the protein, triple mutants, each containing three tryptophan‐to‐phenylalanine substitutions and one native tryptophan, have been constructed and expressed. Trp 42‐only and Trp 130‐only exhibited fluorescence quenching between the native and denatured states typical of globular proteins, whereas Trp 68‐only and Trp 156‐only retained the anomalous quenching pattern of wild‐type HγD‐Crys. The three‐dimensional structure of HγD‐Crys shows Tyr/Tyr/His aromatic cages surrounding Trp 68 and Trp 156 that may be the source of the native‐state quenching. During equilibrium refolding/unfolding at 37°C, the tryptophan fluorescence signals indicated that domain I (W42‐only and W68‐only) unfolded at lower concentrations of GdnHCl than domain II (W130‐only and W156‐only). Kinetic analysis of both the unfolding and refolding of the triple‐mutant tryptophan proteins identified an intermediate along the HγD‐Crys folding pathway with domain I unfolded and domain II intact. This species is a candidate for the partially folded intermediate in the in vitro aggregation pathway of HγD‐Crys.


Recently fractional diffusion equations are widely used to describe anomalous diffusion processes,then the research for diffusion processes plays an important role in many fields such as engineering,physics,etc.In this paper,we consider a sub-diffusion equation by finite element method.The semi-discrete approximation and full discrete approximation are proposed.And the stability and convergence are discussed.Finally some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of theoretical analysis.


This paper summarizes and presents a semiquantitative analytical method for the base level changes of the high-resolution sequence. This method is successfully applied to a study of Member 4 of Lower Cretaceous Quantou Formation in the northern Honggang area of Songliao Basin in China. The premise and foundation of the base level changes analysis are the fine and semiquantitative division of the high-resolution sequence stratigraphy. There are two methods of division. One is the qualitative classical geologic method, and the other is the semiquantitative wavelet analysis of logging curves. Taking super short-term sequences or short-term sequences as units, restoring their initial deposition thickness and calculating their average thickness of accumulated offset value,people are able to draw the Fischer plots and obtain the curves and laws of the base level changes. There are 1 long-term sequence cycle,4 middle-term sequence cycles,22 shortterm sequence cycles and 69 super short-term sequence cycles in Member 4 of Quantou Formation in the northern Honggang area of Songliao Basin. The Fischer plots with 69 super short-term sequence cycles reveal the law that the base level changes are from a long time massive rise to a short time small decline and in step with the lacustrine level changes of study area,the base level changes of Songliao Basin and the eustacy in Lower Cretaceous. The semiquantitative analytical method for the base level changes of the high-resolution sequence is beneficial to the fine and quantitative study of the high-resolution sequence and the base level changes.


Mapping and trenching studies are yielding data needed to evaluate the surface faulting potential within Midway Valley, a half graben bounded by west-dipping normal faults on the northeast margin of Yucca Mountain. These studies document the presence of two north-trending zones of fractures within Quaternary deposits along the west-central part of the Midway Valley half-graben block. The westernmost zone of fractures, located along the eastern base of Exile Hill, overlies a complex zone of bedrock faulting and may be related to an apparent down-on-the-east step in the contact between bedrock and colluvium. Fractures striking [approximately]N15E extend upwards from this apparent bedrock step through early ( ) to middle ( ) Pleistocene colluvium. The fractures do not extend into the overlying late Pleistocene colluvium. No vertical or lateral separation of the probably middle to late Pleistocene colluvium across fractures can be detected with a resolution of 5 cm or less in most cases. The Quaternary deposits are much thicker along the eastern zone of fractures and bedrock was not exposed. The presence of continuous thin layers within the alluvial strata demonstrate the absence of any detectable vertical or lateral separation of the middle ( ) Pleistocene deposits across the fractures withinmore » the eastern zone with a high degree of confidence. The results of the authors studies indicate that faults within the west-central part of the Midway Valley structural block have had little or no displacement since at least the mid Quaternary. Therefore, potential for surface fault rupture in this area is extremely low.« less


majority party advantage in the allocation of federal resources, a relation? ship seemingly at odds with the bipartisan support often enjoyed by distributive policies and pragrams. We reconcile this disjuncture by developing a partisan blame avoidance account of the distribution of legisla? tive pork. According to this account, the majority party inoculates itself against minority party charges of wasteful spending by including the minority in pork barrel coalitions. At the same time, the majority party, mindful of the electoral benefits of