Abstract Background FLT3-ITD mutations occur in about 25% of patients (pts) with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with poor outcomes. Pts with relapsed/refractory (R/R) FLT3-ITD AML have worse prognosis and high unmet medical need. Quizartinib (Q) is a potent and selective FLT3i with promising activity and a manageable safety profile. QuANTUM-R was a global, phase 3, randomized trial of Q vs chemotherapy (SC) in pts with R/R FLT3-ITD AML (NCT02039726). Methods Pts with R/R FLT3-ITD AML w/wo hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) were randomized to receive Q or a preselected investigator choice SC: low-dose cytarabine; mitoxantrone, etoposide, and intermediate-dose cytarabine (MEC); or fludarabine, cytarabine, and G-CSF with idarubicin (FLAG-IDA). Prior midostaurin was allowed. Pts receiving HSCT after Q could resume Q after HSCT. Primary and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS), respectively. Exploratory endpoints included response rate, time to and duration of response, and transplant rate. Results 367 pts were randomized; 245 to Q and 122 to SC. Median follow-up was 23.5 mo. OS hazard ratio (HR) of Q relative to SC was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P=.0177). Median OS was 6.2 (95% CI, 5.3-7.2) vs 4.7 (95% CI, 4.0-5.5) mo in Q and SC arms, respectively. EFS HR was 0.90 (95% CI, 0.70-1.16; P=.1071); median EFS was 1.4 (95% CI, 0.0-1.9) vs 0.9 (95% CI, 0.4-1.3) mo, respectively. Sensitivity analyses and OS subgroup analyses supported Q vs SC. Composite complete response (CRc) was 48% and 27% in Q and SC arms, respectively. Transplant rate was 32% (Q) and 12% (SC). Median time to first CRc was 4.9 wk for Q. The most common grade ≥ 3 TEAEs in both arms were infections and those associated with cytopenia. Conclusion OS benefit was observed with single-agent Q vs SC in pts with R/R FLT3-ITD AML with a favorable Q safety profile, providing evidence of meaningful clinical benefit in pts with limited treatment options.


Purpose: Moonlighting is on the ascendancy among the urban populace of Ghana, especially, during the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) period This paper aims to investigate the motives and determinants of moonlighting in Urban Ghana Design/methodology/approach: This study used data from a semi-structured questionnaire administered during the COVID-19 period in Ghana Data on the motivation for moonlighting was analysed using descriptive statistics whilst the logit regression model was used to analyse the determinants for moonlighting Findings: The findings show that men moonlight more than women in Ghana Despite this, there are no substantive differences in the motives and determining factors influencing men and women moonlighting in Ghana The findings indicate that moonlighting is used by both sexes to deal with the financial difficulties faced because of lower earnings from their primary occupation due to the COVID-pandemic Aside from financial difficulty which was viewed as the most important reason for moonlighting by both sexes, men view being secure in their primary job as the 2nd most important motivational factor contrary to women who view lowering the risk of primary job loss as the 2nd most important motivational factor The impacts of the COVID-19, the log of primary income and marriage are push factors to moonlight whilst having household members who are working and higher levels of education are pulled factors to moonlight in Ghana in the COVID-19 period Originality/value: With the current harsh economic conditions that COVID-19 has placed on families in urban areas and the urgent need for multiple jobs as a risk coping mechanism, little empirical work has been done on the role moonlighting plays as a catalyst or otherwise This paper fills this gap by examining how gender difference affects moonlighting in Ghana in this COVID-19 period © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited


Aim To investigate the enhancing effect of envelope gene (E1E2) on immune responses of HCV core (C) gene induction in mice. Methods Balb/c mice were immunized with the recombinant plasmid containing HCV core (pHCV C) or full length structural gene (pHCV CE1E2). HCV C specific antibody in the sera was measured with ELISA. CTL activity was measured by standard 4 h 51Cr release assays. Spleen cells from experimental and control mice were extracted with routine method. The mouse myeloma Sp2/0 cells expressing HCV C antigen served as target cells. Results The plasmid pHCV CE1E2 didn′t enhance HCV core specific antibody level and CTL activity compared with control mice immunized with pHCV C. Conclusion The envelope gene could not improve HCV core specific antibody level and CTL activity. However, we cannot exclude from these data that there are not CTL epitopes in HCV envelope gene region.


The present invention, as a drug delivery system for a novel oral for control of drug release after administration of the formulation, by the release of the drug to release the drug at a constant rate is controlled stepwise, long blood concentration it relates formulations for maintaining a constant level.


Annual Reports Appellate Courts Attachment Size Supreme Court Caseload Activity[2] 95.5 KB Supreme Court Petition Activity[3] 95.5 KB Supreme Court Disposition Summary[4] 95.5 KB Supreme Court Caseload Activity (CHART)[5] 95.5 KB Supreme Court Time Study (CHART)[6] 95.5 KB Supreme Court Written Opinions[7] 95.5 KB Court of Appeals Caseload Activity[8] 142.5 KB Court of Appeals Disposition Summary[9] 142.5 KB Court of Appeals Caseload Activity (CHART) [10] 142.5 KB


The solubility in the α-phase of the Al-Cu-Sn alloy was studied by means of electrical resistivity and lattice spacing measurements. From the isothermal sections of the phase diagram at 520, 500, 480 and 460°C, it was found that the addition of Sn to the Al-Cu alloy had little effect on the solubility of Cu in the α-phase. This observation led to conclude that the aging suppression in the Al-Cu-Sn alloy was not explained by the significant decrease of Cu contents in the α solid solution.


Background and Purpose— Carotid plaque composition is a major determinant of cerebrovascular events. In the present analysis, we evaluated the relationship between intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) and a thin/ruptured fibrous cap (TRFC) in moderately stenosed carotid arteries and cerebral infarcts on MRI in the ipsilateral hemisphere. Methods— A total of 101 patients with a symptomatic 30% to 69% carotid artery stenosis underwent MRI of the carotid arteries and the brain, within a median time of 45 days from onset of symptoms. The presence of ipsilateral infarcts in patients with and without IPH and TRFC was evaluated. Results— IPH was seen in 40 of 101 plaques. TRFC was seen in 49 of 86 plaques (postcontrast series were not obtained in 15 patients). In total, 51 infarcts in the flow territory of the symptomatic carotid artery were found in 47 patients. Twenty nine of these infarcts, found in 24 patients, were cortical infarcts. No significant relationship was found between IPH or TRFC and the presence of ipsilateral infarcts. Conclusions— MRI detected IPH and TRFC are not related to the presence of old and recent cortical and subcortical infarcts ipsilateral to a symptomatic carotid artery stenosis of 30% to 69%. Clinical Trial Registration— URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01208025.


Muruga Lokesh, Rahul Vaippully and Basudev Roy Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai E.mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Any rigid body can have three degrees of rotational freedom, which in the nomenclature of the airline are yaw, pitch and roll. Among these, the yaw degree of rotational motion has been extensively studied in the optical tweezers community. We have generated the pitch degree of rotational motion by using two trapping beams placed next to each other into which the particle is simultaneously trapped and then moving the focus of one of the trapping beams deeper. We have successfully generated this pitch motion for extended objects and even spherical birefringent microparticles.


This article describe the problem of shaping scrupulous reading comprehension in primary school students through visualisation tools and identifies its key factors. The scientific psychological and pedagogical and methodological literature, the current legal framework of primary education in Ukraine, educational experience of the research problems of foreign and domestic teachers, the results of the PISA research were analyzed. Foreign theories of interpretation of the term "reading comprehension" are reviewed and our own understanding of the essence of the concept is suggested on their basis. Presents its own classification of modern visualisation tools. It describes the author's organizational and methodological model of shaping reading comprehension by visualization means, as well as the work done by the author on shaping of scrupulous reading comprehension by visualization means among primary school students. The research involved a set of theoretical (analysis of scientific literature, legal framework, synthesis, generalisation, systematization) and empirical methods (expert assessment, modelling; questionnaires, interviews, monitoring of the educational process, method of mathematical statistics).


We have measured the K41 and Ar40 contents of the metal phase of several iron meteorites, using activation analysis, and have obtained ages of 0–15 × 109 years. Shocked and unshocked specimens of Canyon Diablo show no differences in Ar content or K: Ar age. The K in the metal phase is located primarily along grain boundaries and is easily leached out by water. We conclude that ages previously measured by this technique are invalid in that they reflect mainly K loss by terrestrial water rather than an event in the meteorites formation.


The latitude, longitude, elevation, observed gravity, and Bouguer anomaly are tabulated for 58 stations in the Elko Hot Springs KGRA, Nevada. (WHK)


The continuous casting process is accompanied by the flow of liquid metal,heat transfer,and phase transition,so the flow field in the mould is very complex.In the past,using the commercial software to simulate the flow field is very difficult to embody the specialty of different patterns and it is high costed.In this paper,the SIMPLE algorithm namely the Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations is employed to solve the above-mentioned equations.This software is a coupling numerical simulation one related to the flow field of the mould by adopting the C++ Builder.Compared with other investigations,the correlative data of the present simulation results can basically come to an agreement with that reported by recent researches.


The bosonic string in D-dimensional Minkowski space–time is quantized in a static gauge. It is shown that the system can be described by D − 1 massless free fields constrained on the surface Lm = 0, for m ≠ 0, where Lm are the generators of conformal transformations. The free fields are quantized and the physical states are selected by the conditions Lm|Ψph〉 = 0, for m > 0. The Poincaré group generators on the physical Hilbert space are constructed and the critical dimension D = 26 is recovered from the commutation relations of the boost operators. The equivalence with the covariant quantization is established. A possible generalization to the AdS string dynamics is discussed.


In the thesis work considered analysis of the environmental
impact Ltd. "Tarkett Vinisin" described Technological
processes producing parquet strips (lamellas) and friezes for
parquet and made general characteristics of Kalush and
Company Ltd. "Tarkett Vinisin".


A surface acoustic wave (SAW), device composed of polymer and ceramic fillers, exhibiting high piezoelectricity and flexibility, has a wide range of sensing applications in the aerospace field. The demand for flexible SAW sensors has been gradually increasing due to their small size, wireless capability, low fabrication cost, and fast response time. This paper discusses the structural, thermal, and electrical properties of the developed sensor, based on different micro- and nano-fillers, such as lead zirconate titanate (PZT), calcium copper titanate (CCTO), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), along with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a polymer matrix. The piezocomposite substrate of the SAW sensor is fabricated using a hot press, while interdigital transducers (IDTs) are deposited through 3D printing. The piezoelectric properties are also enhanced using a non-contact corona poling technique under a high electric field to align the dipoles. Results show that the developed passive strain sensor can measure mechanical strains by examining the frequency shifts of the detected wave signals.


Urophonius transandinus, new species belonging in the brachycentrus species-group is described. It can be separated from other species in the group by the pigmentation pattern of mesosoma and ventral side of metasoma, the number of pectinal teeth, and the arrangement of the ventral submedian keels of caudal segment I. Additionally, hemispermatophores of the new species lack a posterodistal fold (present in the rest). Records of U. transandinus sp.nov. come from the Chilean provinces Valparaiso, San Antonio, San Felipe de Aconcagua, Santiago and Cordillera. The probable zoogeographical links of Central Chile and the "peripampasic track" (Argentina – Uruguay – southern Brazil), as suggested by the geonemy of the brachycentrus group, are discussed. Se describe Urophonius transandinus, nueva especie perteneciente al grupo brachycentrus. Esta forma se distingue de otras especies en el grupo por su patron de pigmentos en el mesosoma y la cara ventral del metasoma, el numero de dientes pectineos, y la disposicio...


This article proposed a seismic analysis method for rectifier transformer of International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) poloidal field converter based on response spectrum. The seismic response of structure under specific seismic excitation is evaluated by using the earthquake spectrum of seismic level one (SL-1) with damping factor of 2% provided by ITER. The results show the maximum deformation and stress are 31.18 mm (control cubicle) and 181.62 MPa (support of oil tank), respectively, which are less than the allowable stress. In addition, the simulation analysis is introduced in detail and the results as the displacements, stresses, and reactive forces are also presented. The seismic analysis method proposed in this article provided a reference for the seismic design of rectifier transformer of ITER polar field converter, and also provides ideas for the seismic design of similar large electrical equipment.


In recent years researches are focused towards mining infrequent patterns rather than frequent patterns. Mining infrequent pattern plays vital role in detecting any abnormal event. In this paper, an algorithm named Infrequent Pattern Miner for Data Streams (IPM-DS) is proposed for mining nonzero infrequent patterns from data streams. The proposed algorithm adopts the FP-growth based approach for generating all infrequent patterns. The proposed algorithm (IPM-DS) is evaluated using health data set collected from wearable physiological sensors that measure vital parameters such as Heart Rate (HR), Breathing Rate (BR), Oxygen Saturation (SPO2) and Blood pressure (BP) and also with two publically available data sets such as e-coli and Wine from UCI repository. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm generates all possible infrequent patterns in less time.


The Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI), on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO), will begin data acquisition in 2008. It will provide the first full-disk, high temporal cadence observations of the full Stokes vector with a 0.′′5 pixel size. This will allow for a continuous monitoring of the Solar magnetic-field vector. HMI data will advance our understanding of the small- and large-scale magnetic field evolution, its relation to the solar and global dynamic processes, coronal field extrapolations, flux emergence, magnetic helicity, and the nature of the polar magnetic fields. We summarize HMI's expected operation modes, focusing on the polarization cross-talk induced by the solar oscillations, and how this affects the magnetic-field vector determination.


The development of cloud computing has brought many conveniences to life, its advantages of low cost and high computing power bring convenience to our life, but the main problem is how to protect user data on untrustworthy cloud servers. To solve this problem, we have proposed a new private set intersection protocol, denoted as. The protocol uses a representation of sets with polynomial point-value pairs. All elements should be transmitted and computed in the protocol as ciphertext by introducing random polynomials to re-randomize the encryption elements. To reduce the computational burden of each party. The parties send the processed polynomials to the cloud server, which calculates the intersection. In addition, our protocol achieves fairness in the case of collusion between   parties. Finally, the security of the protocol is demonstrated under the UC model. Comparing the performance of this protocol with other related protocols show that the   protocol is better than the other associated protocols in terms of low computational overhead.


An analytical model is presented to describe the influence of sample‐probe interactions on the shape of spectroscopic lines. By considering the discrete sampling of spatial property variations using a focused probe, the model predicts gradient‐induced line broadening, as well as probe channeling near free surfaces. The magnitude of sample‐probe interactions is governed by two system parameters: the probe size and the spatial property gradient. Furthermore, certain spatial heterogeneities are found to contribute appreciably to the signal and its associated line shape over distances several times the probe size. Experimental observations in fluorescence spectroscopy are used to evaluate the line‐shape model. Spectra measured along an embedded ruby fiber under a residual stress gradient are in good agreement with those calculated using the model.


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Background and Purpose— Perivascular spaces (PVS) around venules may help drain interstitial fluid from the brain. We examined relationships between suspected venules and PVS visible on brain magnetic resonance imaging. Methods— We developed a visual venular quantification method to examine the spatial relationship between venules and PVS. We recruited patients with lacunar stroke or minor nondisabling ischemic stroke and performed brain magnetic resonance imaging and retinal imaging. We quantified venules on gradient echo or susceptibility-weighted imaging and PVS on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the centrum semiovale and then determined overlap between venules and PVS. We assessed associations between venular count and patient demographic characteristics, vascular risk factors, small vessel disease features, retinal vessels, and venous sinus pulsatility. Results— Among 67 patients (69% men, 69.0±9.8 years), only 4.6% (range, 0%–18%) of venules overlapped with PVS. Total venular count increased with total centrum semiovale PVS count in 55 patients after accounting for venule-PVS overlap (β=0.468 [95% CI, 0.187–0.750]) and transverse sinus pulsatility (β=0.547 [95% CI, 0.309–0.786]) and adjusting for age, sex, and systolic blood pressure. Conclusions— Despite increases in both visible PVS and suspected venules, we found minimal spatial overlap between them in patients with sporadic small vessel disease, suggesting that most magnetic resonance imaging-visible centrum semiovale PVS are periarteriolar rather than perivenular.


Two groups of cotton fabrics were taken as research objects.The useful near-infrared spectrum information was picked up by using genetic algorithms,and the near-infrared quantitative correction model was established by partial least squares(PLS) method.The particular application methods of available information picked up by genetic algorithms were discussed.It was proved that the quantitative correction model,which was established by definite data pretreatment and PLS,after the near-infrared spectrum of cotton fabric samples were distilled by genetic algorithms,may greatly reduce the data operation quantity.It provides theoretical basis and practical method for the near-infrared spectrum analysis technique applied in the cotton content prediction of cotton fabrics.


This paper examines "language processing" approach to paging where the of the programming language compiler or interpreter is responsible for generating the necessary control code for the page management of a program. We explore this idea for APL and describe an approach to incorporating in a program the necessary paging functions. The semantics of APL computation are examined to observe how paging operations can be incorporated into the computation. We discuss a model of data access in APL that exhibits storage use for both scalar and page references. A data structure that encodes the logical use of data from an array is introduced. We find that ordering computations efficiently and computing paging needs can be determined by simple transformations on this structure. This analysis leads us to an efficient method for paging an APL computation. Our approach builds on previous studies for efficiently executing APL.


We present an ab initio study of the influence of hydrogen impurities (atoms and molecules) on the atomic structure and electronic properties of Pd nanowires and atomic-size nanocontacts. Various atomic positions for hydrogen adsorption within palladium structures are considered. It is found that adsorbed hydrogen can penetrate into the atomic structure of Pd nanocontacts and nanowires and by that increase their stability close to and beyond their breaking points. The interaction between hydrogen and palladium atoms alters the interatomic bonding and hybridization of electronic states of palladium atoms. The interaction of palladium with hydrogen leads to the suppression of magnetic properties of Pd nanowires and nanocontacts. Additionally, the possibility of dissociation of molecular hydrogen at palladium nanocontacts is discussed, which is an important issue for catalytic applications.


Objective To explore the mediating effect of nursing interns' professional commitment between career decision-making self-efficacy and mental health.Methods A total of 175 nursing interns were investigated with Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale,Symptom Checklist-90(SCL-90) and Professional Commitment Scale for Undergraduate.Results The score of nursing interns' career decision-making self-efficacy was(132.63±2.44).There were significant correlations among mental health,professional commitment and career decision-making self-efficacy(P0.01).The mediating effect of nursing interns' professional commitment between career decision-making self-efficacy and mental health was significant,and it made up 45.43% of the total effect.Conclusion It is helpful for nursing interns to enhance their career decision-making self-efficacy through improving their mental health and professional commitment,so as to achieve successful employment.


The sections in this article are

1
Mobile Communications Standards Organizations

2
Air Interface Standards

3
Network Standards

4
Regulation In The United States


The physiological chirality of extracellular environments is substantially affected by pathological diseases. However, how this stereochemical variation drives host immunity remains poorly understood. Here, it is reported that pathology‐mimetic M‐nanofibrils—but not physiology‐mimetic P‐nanofibrils—act as a defense mechanism that helps to restore tissue homeostasis by manipulating immunological response. Quantitative multi‐omics in vivo and in vitro shows that M‐nanofibrils significantly inhibit inflammation and promote tissue regeneration by upregulating M2 macrophage polarization and downstream immune signaling compared with P‐nanofibrils. Molecular analysis and theoretical simulation demonstrate that M‐chirality displays higher stereo‐affinity to cellular binding, which induces higher cellular contractile stress and activates mechanosensitive ion channel PIEZOl to conduct Ca2+ influx. In turn, the nuclear transfer of STAT is biased by Ca2+ influx to promote M2 polarization. These findings underscore the structural mechanisms of disease, providing design basis for immunotherapy with bionic functional materials.


Drama is a performance and the audience enjoy the spectacle of the artists and their action on stage. The enjoyment is achieved only when the playwright transforms his words into actions of the actors. The book gives an exhaustive comparison between Indian dramatic tradition and Aristotelian principles. The technique of any dramatist may be defined, roughly, as his ways, methods, and devices for achieving his desired end.This book's objective is to explore the different techniques employed by Girish Karnad in his plays. The chapters explain a technique put into practise by the multifaceted personality, Karnad. The techniques taken for study are myths, Myths, Legends, and Folk Tales, Bhagavata and Chorus, Masks, Costumes and Characterisation, Words and Movement, Symbolism, Imagery and Irony, Prologue, Play-within-play Epilogue.


Different profit sharing schemes are employed by the insurance companies to compensate the policyholders in case of excess return. In this paper, we derived an upper bound approximation for the distribution of the path and time dependent option based on the theory of convex ordering and the relation between the expectation of the stop-loss premium and its distribution function. We then apply this approximation to the problem of profit sharing, or so called participation gain, and approximate the value of the minimum return guarantee.


Ever since Greece's 1974 transition to democracy, there has been constant talk of the need for system-wide political reform. Major changes in the country's economy, society, and population have forced Greek institutions and policies to become better aligned with those of more developed, West European countries. Yet there is still more work to be done. Some reforms -- such as the creation of the National Health Service, entry into the eurozone, the liberalization of banking practices, and the privatization of some business -- have succeeded. Others -- such as educational, pension, and civil service reforms -- reappear every now and then but largely remain elusive. The Greek malaise, widely felt and discussed in the country, has intensified the desire for more action. These efforts, however, have also prompted systematic resistance from organized interest groups, which in turn fuels a broadly perceived sense of inertia and stagnation, or at least truncated progress. This volume outlines the factors contributing to Greece's current political and economic crisis, critically engaging with three decades of stop-start reforms and the political and institutional consequences.


The utility model provides a TV set system equipped with voice prompt. The TV set system comprises a TV set and a remote controller. The remote controller comprises a voice prompt input unit, a coding unit, and a first radio frequency transmitting/receiving unit which are successively connected. The TV set comprises a first decoding unit, an audio processing unit, a second transmitting/receiving unit connected with the first decoding unit, a storage used for storing voice prompt information, and a controller used for storing and reading the voice prompt information played by the audio processing unit. The controller is connected with the storage, the audio processing unit, and the first decoding unit. The utility model also provides a TV set equipped with voice prompt. Prompting voice information is timely supplied to a television viewer by the TV set with high popularity rate in order to enable people to well and timely communicate with their relatives, expanding functions of the TV set.


China is abundant in oil shale(predicted resources are about 7199.37×108t),the history of oil shale utilization is over 50 years in China,and it is about 200 years in the world,technique is growing mature.So more effort should be put into the exploration,development and integrated utilization of oil shale.Integrated utilization has been being carried out in Liaoning,Jilin and Guangdong Province.


The interpolation by means of real simplest fractions is considered. There are offered a different ways of intepolating simpest fractions construction with distinct real nodes. Necessary and sufficient conditions of existence and uniqueness of interpolating simplest fractions are received. Interpolation of constants is in detail investigated; in this case the estimation of an error of interpolation on Chebyshevs system of nodes is received.


OBJECTIVE To investigate the vocational life quality of primary and secondary school teachers in Hubei province.METHODS In April and June of 2010,696 teachers in Hubei province accepted questionnaire survey,including teacher-student relationship,teaching efficacy,subjective well-being.RESULTS The female teachers in teacher-student relationship,life satisfaction were obviously better than the male teachers(t = 3.574,P﹤0.001;t =-4.824,P﹤0.001);advisors were better than ordinary teachers in teacher-student relationship(t =-4.455,P﹤0.001),negative emotions(t =-4.354,P﹤0.001);primary school teachers' teaching efficacy(t = 4.768,P﹤0.001)and teacher-student relationship(t =-3.253,P﹤0.01)were significantly better than middle school teacher.The correlation of teachers' teaching efficacy,teacher-student relationship,subjective well-being all were very significantly(P﹤0.001).CONCLUSION Female teacher's professional life quality is better than male teachers;advisors' professional life quality is higher than ordinary teachers;primary school teacher teacher-students relationship,teaching efficacy are better than high school teachers;teaching age only influences teachers' teaching efficacy;teaching efficacy is intermediary variable between teacher-student relationship and subjective well-being.


A new design method for Doherty-Chireix combined operation is proposed. Only one of the two amplifiers operates at the low power region like a Doherty amplifier, while both amplifiers are operating as a Chireix outphasing amplifier at the high power region, taking advantage of the high efficiency region of each operating mode. Quasi-envelope efficiency of both amplifier efficiency curves is extracted in a systematic way using only analog circuit design methods. The output combiner is used as an input splitter for the radio frequency input Chireix outphasing without using any digital signal processing. Input signal phase control versus power for outphasing operation is obtained by using only a linear circuit, exploiting the input impedance variation of nonideal devices. A 52.4-dBm peak output power, 6.6-dB back-off Doherty-Chireix combined amplifier, is built operating at 2.17 GHz. A 50% average power added efficiency was measured using 6-dB peak-to-average power ratio, 3.84 MHz modulated test signals. Class-B like efficiency behavior is obtained at the low power region without compromising the peak back-off efficiency.


The "four good" means having good morality,good skills,good image and being qualified for the job.It is the culture of Hunan,a cultural product comprised of the transportation culture,the corporate culture and many others.Over many years of practicing the "four good" culture,Hunan Communication Polytechnic has created a teaching team with both theoretical knowledge and practical experience and meanwhile we also have trained many high-skilled personnel for the society.The practicing of the "four good" culture has set a brand for the college and has powerfully promoted the building of a national demonstrative Institution.


The intense focus upon Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the past decade has resulted in a plethora of structural, biochemical and molecular biological observations about this common and devastating disease. The application of molecular approaches has revolutionized our views on the nature of the proteinaceous deposits that accumulate both within and between cerebral neurons. An important development during the past few years has been the application by neuropathologists of a broad spectrum of sensitive probes to the study of AD lesions. These approaches have led to dramatic changes in our understanding of the morphological markers encountered in AD and has opened new avenues for their interpretation. The following paragraphs will be largely concerned with the morphology of the AD lesions that are listed in Table 1, and with their immunocytochemical detection in tissue sections.


Abstract It is well known that every non-reflexive $M$-ideal is weakly compactly generated (in short, WCG). We present a family of Banach spaces $\{V_{s}:0 \lt s \lt 1\}$ which are not WCG and such that every $V_{s}$ satisfies the inequality $$ \|\f\|\geq\|\pi\f\|+s\|\f-\pi\f\|\quad\forall\f\in V_{s}^{\ast\ast\ast}, $$ where $\pi$ is the canonical projection from $V_{s}^{\ast\ast\ast}$ onto $V_{s}^{\ast}$. In particular, no $V_{s}$ can be renormed to be an $M$-ideal. AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 46B20


Dormancy shows common physiological features in buds and seeds. Specific period of chilling is usually required to release dormancy. Reproductive meristems and embryos display dormancy mechanisms in specialized structures named respectively buds and seeds that arrest the growth of perennial plants until environmental conditions are optimal for survival. Chilling requirements for breaking dormancy were studied for 3 successive years in 20 seedling apricot trees which spanned the range of flowering times in these trees. Different methods for estimating chilling requirements were evaluated and compared, and correlations between chilling requirements and flowering date were established. The trees examined showed a range of chilling requirements, chill hours (CH) between 199 CH and 274 CH, and chill units, (CU), between 612CU and 873CU. The results obtained in different years by the Utah and Dynamic models were more homogeneous with respect to the hours below 7 °C model. The apricot trees showed important differences concerning flowering date, and the results indicate a high positive correlation between chilling requirements and flowering date.Moreover, a specific low-temperature stratification treatment was required to overcome seed dormancy. 5°C cold stratification was found to be the best for breaking seed dormancy and germination. Increased seed germination percentage was recorded when the period of stratification prolonged. Apricot seeds required a cold stratification of about 12-15 days to reach maximum germination.


A mobile terminal and method of searching the message inbox. The mobile terminal includes: a wireless communication unit configured to establish at least one instant messaging (IM) another terminal services; an input unit configured to receive a designation signal, the designation signal corresponding to include a chat content during the IM session entered. in the designation information part; a memory configured to store the designated portion of the information; and a controller, configured to receive an input search signal requesting a search for the search signal designated portion of information in the message inbox, the message received box member comprises at least one previous IM session conducted on the mobile terminal, and upon receiving the input search signal, searching the message inbox to determine whether the at least one previous IM session includes the designated portion of information; and a display, configured to: when the searching step determines the at least one previous IM session includes the designated portion of the information, the display part of a chat includes a portion of said information specifying at least one IM session.


Di-(tri-n-butyltin) itaconate was coplymerized with 2-chloroethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate and allyl methacrylate in solution at 70°C using AIBN as initiator. The monomer reactivity ratios for the copolymerization reactions have been determined. The Q and e values for di-(tri-n-butylin) itaconate as well as the sequence distribution of triad fractions for the azeotropic copolymers were calculated from the monomer reactivity ratios.

Di-(tri-n-butylzinn)itaconat wurde in Losung bei 70°C mittels AIBN copolymerisiert mit 2-Chlorethylacrylat, n-Butylacrylat und Allylmethacrylat. Die Reaktivitatsverhaltnisse der Monomere wurden bestimmt. Die Q- und e-Werte von Di-(tri-n-butylzinn)itaconat sowie die Sequenzverteilung der Triaden fur die azeotropen Copolymere wurden aus den Reaktivitatsverhaltnissen berechnet.


Various geostatistical simulation techniques rely on the multiGaussian model. These methods generate equally probable realisations of a Gaussian variable, honouring the first two statistical moments and the spatial variability function g(h) of the Gaussian variable. Currently existing techniques are time consuming to implement and require advanced computational hardware to process real dataset and models with millions of blocks. The paper proposes an alternative simulation technique based on a multidirectional random walk (RW) of Gaussian variables. This method is based on random walks which consider the action of a particle along random directions within a real line. The position of the particle in a determined distance h is described by independent random increments, each one with the same probability, of 50%, to be equal f or –f, where f is the scaling factor of the increments. The increments at a certain distance h have a normal distribution, with mean zero and variance proportional to the distance and to f2. The simulation technique proposed is based on random walks starting at a conditioning point (x) and moving to a simulated point (x0), spaced by h, generating an error Yrw(h) as a function of distance h. This error is added to the value Y(x) to obtain the simulated value Ysrw(x+h). For multiple RW from different conditioning points (xi), converging to the same point (x0), the final result of the RW simulation, Ysrw(x0), is the simple kriging estimation of all RW simulations from the conditioning points, Ysrw(xi+hi)). The experimental results show this new methodology honoured both statistical moments of the Gaussian conditioning points faster than sequential algorithms. The scaling factor f can be used for future local simulations (LS) without requiring global simulations (GS). 1 VALE Ferrous Department, Av de Ligação, 3580 – Nova Lima/MG – Brazil, email@example.com 2 VALE Ferrous Department, Av de Ligação, 3580 – Nova Lima/MG – Brazil, email@example.com 3 UFRGS, Av. Bento Golçalves, 9500 – Porto Alegre/RS – Brazil, email@example.com 4 VALE Ferrous Department, Av de Ligação, 3580 – Nova Lima/MG – Brazil, firstname.lastname@example.com 5 UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627 – Belo Horizonte/MG – Brazil, firstname.lastname@example.com


Cultural issues exert a significant influence on the functioning of the organization and implementation of CSR. In the following paragraphs paper presents aspects of organizational culture, one of the dimensions analyzed by G. Hofstede – distance to the government and it is poin- ted out that the distance to authority (small or large) positive effect on the implementation of CSR.


ABSTRACT This essay focuses on the role the sense of smell plays as a moral barometer in the urban imagination. Smell has long been a tool by which to determine proper hygiene in the city, whether locating the potential of physical disease by foul odor or, more metaphorically speaking, cultural pathology in the form of prostitution and poverty. The essay deploys the sense of smell within architectural contexts according to the latter definition, that is, with respect to allegory. The postwar French suburban housing type known as le grand ensemble, or large housing estate, is the setting of social malaise and corruption in two postwar French films. Jean-Luc Godard's Deux ou trois choses que je sais d'elle (1966) is the story of a prostitute whiling away her time in La Courneuve, a suburban housing project outside Paris, and Mathieu Kassovitz's La Haine (1995) follows the hapless and violent existence of three young men, an Arab, a black and a Jew, in one 24-hour period as they move between city and suburb, life and death.


Seventh-grade good and poor readers read a story while performing one of three orienting tasks that induced semantic encoding of individual words, sentences, or short paragraphs. Other students (control) read the story normally. Idea units in the story had previously been rated for structural importance and recall of the idea units at each of four levels of importance was measured. Results indicated that for both types of readers, recall was positively related to level of importance, however, the relationship was stronger for good readers. The order of orienting task conditions was the same for both groups: sentence—paragraph—word. However, the positions of these conditions vis-a-vis the control was qualified by type of reader and level of importance. For good readers, the sentence task was equivalent to the control, the word task was inferior at all levels of importance and the paragraph task was slightly inferior at higher levels of importance. For poor readers, the sentence task facilitated and the word task depressed recall of important ideas while the paragraph task did not differ from the control at any level of importance. One important conclusion from the study is that comprehension and hence recall of poor readers can be enhanced by inducing them to process text in meaningful units.


Genomic data promises to provide individualized medicine. The cost of determining an individual genome will soon be low enough, if it isn't already, to make genotyping a standard medical procedure. Unfortunately, using this data to predict phenotypic responses is a difficult and largely unsolved problem. Drug resistance in HIV is an excellent model system for this problem because there are many pairs of genotypes and associated drug-resistance phenotypes. There is also a great amount of structural and biochemical data on this system. We have found that including three-dimensional structural data for drug targets dramatically improves the quality of machine learning when applied to the association between genotype and phenotype.


Wilful blindness of the forces at play in the value of things has accompanied the rise of the marketplace as a universal equivalent, slowly eroding any distinctions between the economic and non-economic. The ideal of the museum, a repository for the exemplary products of the past, gave visible form to the existence of a symbolic economy, a resistant space appearing outside or alongside the exchanges of people and things. Encyclopaedic museums were the central banks of this symbolic economy -- networked out into galleries (commercial and public), dealers, curators, academics and so on -- allowing visitors to experience the social value of the things on display -- to feel the enormous cultural presence of the Elgin Marbles, Benin bronzes or the Rosetta Stone, to be staggered by their beauty -- while rendering invisible the enormous material, political and financial investment required to hold those objects in their place. Similarly, the cultural history of the `idea' of the department store is only slowly coming to light, buried as it is under generations of prejudice and dull economic `analysis'. By becoming so obviously entangled, the structural circuit of the museum and store is over, or at least their influence retains only a pale shadow of its previous force. The speed and stunning profusion of modern material life has deformed the nature of culture. If the traditional differences between things have evaporated, or distinctions in operation lie exposed as arbitrary (a worst-case scenario), or ideological (a best-case scenario), a question remains. Values are no longer implemented from above -- informed solely by the taste of the few -- but ripple and fluctuate through a networked web of different images, objects, spaces and media. On an individual and public, national and international scale, we are described by an astonishing array of things: piling up around us is a growing mountain of clothes, tools, art, gifts, information, souvenirs, knowledge, electronic technology and rubbish. This vast accumulation of objects -- anything from ancient Egyptian sandals to a laptop computer -- exists in a complex mesh of competing narratives, narratives which dispute ownership, contest interpretation, disagree on value, and argue over where things belong. As objects are inserted into, and spill out of, every shell cupboard, display case, shop, home, gallery, museum, magazine, computer monitor and landfill site, there is an endless struggle to control, classify and interpret. Traditionally, the privileged sector of European cultures tended to value the `Fine Arts' -- paintings, sculptures and the bric-a-brac of a former aristocracy (and that of their advisers, dealers, market-makers, and the galleries, private homes, academies and museums through which they circulated) -- as the sole vehicle of taste, education and power. These values privileged history, singularity, authenticity, and academicism: a stable and restricted symbolic economy grounded in the interpretation of old objects removed from the everyday circulation of things. But as the nineteenth century progressed, the power associated with cultural competence -- a sense of participating in the interpretation of the important objects within a culture -- could no longer be confined to this restricted economy of Fine Art and related institutions. Finding themselves adrift in an endless stream of commodities made available by new methods of mass-production, the rapidly emerging urban middle class had the opportunity to set itself apart from the industrialists (who emulated the old aristocracy), and from the more established working class. Through a greater access to material things, those outside the former social elite could now participate in the creation of values of all kinds, by discriminating amongst the new products of industry and commerce. The emergence of the department store and public museum seem to perfectly represent the awesome technologies for the sourcing, transportation, warehousing, accounting, stocking, display and redistribution of material things. …


European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, within the framework of the Energy and Natural Resources program, invests in regions to irrigate peatlands for the implementation of a large-scale international project "Wetlands and Climate". Similar activities began in Meshchera, a large forest and marsh area in Central Russia, where wildfires often occur in dry summers. However, in these investment projects, environmental and economic risks are not sufficiently taken into account. The proposed new approach is based on modelling the soil cover after implementing measures for flooding fire-hazardous peatlands. This allows us to quantify how flooding affects the risks associated with fires. It also allows finding the most economically effective type of land use after flooding. We carried out numerical simulation of flooding for a separate land plot in Ryazan Meshchera, which showed a twofold reduction in the risks associated with fires, as well as an increase in largescale heterogeneity of the soil cover. This led to the conclusion that for this site the most cost-effective will be investment in projects aimed at narrowly specialized land use.


Nursing has emerged as one of the main professions with a humanistic sense specialized in health care. The accent on personal development favored by training in humanities allows for questioning whether a training specifically focused on the workplace abilities enhances personal fulfilment at work. A pilot workshop on Ethics and Humanities at Work was offered in tertiary hospital to assess the influence of ethics and humanities in attitude toward work. Nineteen nurses completed the workshop; attitude towards change and attitude towards teamwork increased significantly. In this pilot study we found that the workshop influenced attitude towards change at work and teamwork. Since an attitude is made up of the cognitive, affective, and behavioral components, the change in one of these has the capacity to modify part of the others.


Orchids depend on mycorrhizal fungi for seed germination and many unique characteristic of orchids are related to this interaction. In this paper, the seed germination of Comparettia falcate (Orchidaceae) was evaluated using both symbiotic (with two mycorrhizal fungi isolated from orchids and a Rhizoctonia solani strain isolated from rice) and asymbiotic techniques (with two growing media Knudson C and MS - Murashie & Skood) in laboratory conditions. There were significant differences among treatments. The best treatments for C. falcata seed germination was the asymbiotic method with Knudson C media and the symbiotic method with the rice pathogenic R. solani. Additionally, the symbiotic treatments had lower contamination than asymbiotic ones.


In recent years, with the rapid development of smart grid, the situation of user privacy disclosure and communication channel congestion has also intensified. The integration of edge computing and smart grid makes full use of the storage and computing power of cloud computing, while absorbing the real-time and distributed characteristics of edge computing, which solves the problem of communication channel congestion to a certain extent. The edge computing architecture itself still has many security risks, and privacy disclosure is unavoidable. The main research content of this paper is how to realize privacy-preserving and efficient data transmission in smart grid in the edge computing environment with limited computing resources and insecurity. The proposed smart grid data aggregation scheme can effectively protect the privacy of users from being violated, and has low computational and communication overhead. At the same time, it is convenient for service providers to analyze the data and further improve the security and reliability of the smart grid.


could not have missed the news stories about the Internet, many of which speculate about its effects on the ever-increasing number of people who are on line. Why, then, have communications researchers, historically concerned with exploring the effects of mass media, nearly ignored the Internet? With 25 million people estimated to be communicating on the Internet, should communication researchers now consider this network of networks' a mass medium? Until recently, mass communications researchers have overlooked not only the Internet but the entire field of computer-mediated communication, staying instead with the traditional forms of broadcast and print media that fit much more conveniently into models for appropriate research topics and theories of mass communication. However, this paper argues that if mass communications researchers continue to largely disregard the research potential of the Internet, their theories about communication will become less useful. Not only will the discipline be left behind, it will also miss an opportunity to explore and rethink answers to some of the central questions of mass communications research, questions that go to the heart of the model of source-message-receiver with which the field has struggled. This paper proposes a conceptualization of the Internet as a mass medium, based on revised ideas of what constitutes a mass audience and a mediating technology. The computer as a new communication technology opens a space for scholars to rethink assumptions and categories, and perhaps even to find new insights into traditional communication technologies. tion as a whole, in order to place the new medium within the context of other mass media. Mass media researchers have traditionally organized themselves around a specific communications medium. The newspaper, for instance, is a more precisely defined area of interest than printing-pressmediated communiThis paper looks at the Internet, rather than computer-mediated communica


Pyogenic granuloma is a common benign vascular tumor found to occur in all ages. Both skin and mucous membranes can be affected. Its most common etiology is trauma. The tumor consists of capillary proliferations, venules, and fibromyxoid stroma. The development of a lesion occurs in three stages in which bleeding is a common symptom. The tumor can also mimic like other vascular lesions, solid tumors, and soft tissue infections. This case report is about pyogenic granuloma managed by surgical intervention.


This study was made in order to determine the effect of roundhouse diagram on the success in learning of force and motion unit, at 7th grade primary school student. For this reason, in this study, experimental and control groups were used with a semi-empirical method. Research was done with a total of 372 students studying at 7th grade in four different primary schools. While Students in the control group (N=189) were learning the unit within the scope of subjects in the constructivist curriculum activities, students in the experimental group (N = 183) were trying to learn the unit with roundhouse diagram along with the constructivist learning activities. Student"s knowledge on "Force and Motion" was measured by an achievement test. The data obtained were calculated using t-test, and thus, the experiment group students than control group students were found to be more successful.


Abstract : Problem or Issue: Modern multinational operations frequently require the integration of coalition, host nation and friendly forces and resources to achieve strategic objectives. Although multinational warfare is not new, some of the processes used during operation Iraqi Freedom were quite innovative particularly those focused on the rebuilding of Iraqi institutions and cities. The focus of this study is the cooperative construct used by United States and Iraqi governments at the tactical, operational and strategic level to restore essential services and stability in Al Anbar province, Iraq. Relevance to Command and Control: During Iraqi Freedom the First Marine Expeditionary Force employed multinational command relations involving coalition partners and the host nation forces and created cooperative relationships with Iraqi political structures, creating some very complex but workable architectures. These working relationships were critical to success in the restive Al Anbar province and were exemplified during the battle for the city of Fallujah, operation AL FAJR. Approach to the Topic: Using first person interviews and units histories, this study will identify the strengths of the command relationships used during operations in Fallujah, and particularly after the termination of combat. In particular it will illustrate the political relationships formed at the local, provincial and national level to plan and execute the restoration of democracy to the city. Results: The arrangements developed during operation AL FAJR can serve as an example during future military operations where political coordination is particularly crucial.


Objective: To evaluate the clinic effect of 46 cases with thrombosis of lower extremity arteries who were conducted with surgery thrombectomy operation and persisting regional thrombolysis perfusion. Methods: All cases were in intermediate stage. With the guidance of DSA, thrombectomy with fogarty tube was completed through femoral artery incision. Deep femoral artery shaping, PTA or stent plasty were selectively conducted in some cases. Then regional thrombolysis perfusion with urokinase through indwelling catheter was carried out in all cases, at the same time, anti-coagulation, artery expanding and blood flow promoting were employed. Results: The average stay was 5.4 days. Thirty cases got excellent outcomes, eight with type one effective outcomes, and five with type two effective outcomes (below-knee amputation or toe amputation was conducted in four cases). Only three cases died. Total effective rate was 93.48% and limb survival rate was 95.63%. Conclusion: Thrombectomy and persisting regional thrombolysis perfusion under DSA has accurate diagnosis rate, thorough healing, short average stay, high limb survival rate and high survival rate.


For a long time,the development of the traditional industry is at the cost of energy consumption and environmental pollution.In the 21st century,it has become an important issue for the mankind to protect the earth,find a balance with the nature and follow a road to sustainable development.The birth of green concrete not just meets the need of people's life but is in accord with the require of environment protection.So it is a breakthrough of building materials.


Conformational characteristics of poly(trimethylene sulfide) (PTMS) have been investigated by a rotational isomeric state analysis of ab initio molecular orbital calculations and 1H and 13C NMR exp...


Motivated by the short coherence length of the high-temperature superconductors, we study in the negative-{ital U} Hubbard model the crossover from Cooper pairs for {ital U}{much lt}{ital t} to composite bosons for {ital U}{much gt}{ital t}. We compute the collective-mode spectrum using a generalized random-phase-approximation analysis within the equations-of-motion formalism. We find a smooth evolution of the Anderson mode for weak coupling into the Bogoliubov sound mode for hard-core bosons.


The paper is devoted to the problems of using modern digital technologies to manage the implementation of programs for the development of the regional economy's agro-industrial cluster. An approach based on the use of intelligent (knowledge-oriented) information systems for analyzing the progress of program implementation is proposed. As a model for representing knowledge about the subject area, it is proposed to use the apparatus of the linguistic variable theory and fuzzy production rules, which makes it possible to take into account the high level of uncertainty inherent in the agricultural sector of the economy. The inference engine included in the information system is based on explicitly interpreted Mamdani's procedure of fuzzy logical inference, which makes it possible to form explanations of the course of reasoning. The developed structure of the intelligent information system is a concretization and extension of the traditional one, taking into account the reflection of the specifics of the tasks of managing the implementation of programs for the development of the agro-industrial cluster. The preliminary results of the experimental operation of the research prototype of the developed system can serve as confirmation of the effectiveness of the proposed design solutions.


The present invention is a thin film transistor, and relates to a method of manufacturing the same, the technical problem to be solved because it can implanting impurities at a with a single ion-implantation source and drain regions and the low-doped region, the impurity implantation process for the separate low-doped region of having to remove and improve productivity. Further, another technical problem to be solved of the present invention is to form a silicon layer, and continuously, so forming an insulating film, protecting the surface of the silicon layer in the process. To this end, the present invention substrate, and the deposition step the first insulating film and the substrate preparation step of preparing and depositing the silicon layer so as to cover both the top of the substrate, depositing a first insulating film so as to cover both the top of the silicon layer, the first and a second insulating film deposition step of depositing a second insulating film so as to cover both the top of the insulating film, a gate with a film deposition step of a gate deposited film so as to cover all of the upper second insulating film, the gate film top to form a first photoresist pattern and a first film with the photoresist pattern as a mask, the gate, the second by successively etching the insulating film and the first insulating film, a gate film and the insulating film is patterned to form a pattern first insulating layer to expose a portion of the silicon layer to the outside, a first gate and a film etching step of forming a gate by wet etching the gate film using the photoresist pattern as a mask, using the gate as a mask, etching the second insulating film W, a second insulating film patterning step of exposing a part of forming the pattern 2, the insulating film and the first insulating film pattern to the exterior, and a gate and the ion implantation step of implanting impurities into the silicon layer to the pattern first insulating film as a mask and the gate , by patterning the first insulating film pattern, a second insulating layer pattern and forming a second photoresist pattern to cover a part of the exposed silicon layer to the outside, and the second silicon layer using the photoresist pattern as a mask to form the active layer It discloses a thin film transistor and a manufacturing method comprising a step of patterning the silicon layer. A thin film transistor, an active layer, a low doped regions, doping, surface


We give a refinement of Lo¨wner's inequality with argument of the equality case. To this end, we establish a complete univalence criterion for meromorphic functions of special type. We also give applications of the refinement.


In the framework of the BRAIN-TRAINS project, the environmental impact of rail freight transport in Belgium has been analysed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The rail freight transport system has been divided in three sub-systems: rail transport operation, rail equipment (locomotives and wagons) and rail infrastructure. For the sub-system rail infrastructure, a detailed study of the life cycle phases of construction, maintenance and disposal of infrastructure has been conducted. We have collected specific information related to the Belgian railway infrastructure from both literature sources and directly from Infrabel (the Belgian railway infrastructure manager) through the use of questionnaires. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of the methodology used to analyse the LCA of the railway infrastructure in Belgium as a part of the rail freight transport system.


Abstract : The following pages of the abstract book provide the reader with a record of the scientific content of this symposium. Some of the topics discussed include Advances in Soybean Genomics, Marker-technology and Gene Discovery, Soybean Biochemistry and Molecular Physiology, Transgenic Technology, Soybean Cultivar Development, Model Legumas and Plant-Microbe Interactions.


Two experiments were conducted to determine nutrient utilisation from mixed diets containing dried beet pulp (DBF), groundnut cake (GNC) and molasses in adult Chokla rams. In experiment 1 the values for intake (g/h/d) of DM, DCP and TDN were 1080, 0.0 and 579.52, respectively, while the corresponding values in second experiment were 1480, 96 and 788.


Demonstrations in May Day celebration and minimum wage establishment shows worker's dissatisfaction about the wage that received. The important of stakeholder involvement in wage planning, mainly employers and workers and supported by healthy and harmonious coordination between government, employment and worker enable for achievement of fair wage for every parties. Ethnographic approach used to obtain the answer on how the roles of board of wage in minimum wage planning and the factors that influencing to the role. The research focuses on wage's planning stages both in the process in preparation of materials, discussion and recommendation's submission. Local institution, board of wage can play a role as stakeholder's communication and participation place to realize the achievement of a fair wage that is capable of representing any aspirations. It is also been able to provide an alternative in the decision by the mayor even though there are several factors inhibiting including different interest, and difference in perception between the employers and workers in the implementation of role


The article argues for an increase in de facto already claimed city sovereignty. It situates the discussion, first in the historical context of city-state relationships, and second, in the current urban crises in the United States tied to the sanctuary city movement, then examines legal grounds for devolution of power to cities, before discussing the legal concepts of "urban commons" and "city power", finally outlining constraints facing increasingly sovereign cities. The article argues that current legal literature on "urban commons" and "city power" needs a stronger normative lens and better conceptualization of urban inequality, redistribution, and publicness. Moreover, if cities are to assume greater capacity to govern and to ensure life, liberty, and the sustainability of their populations, they have to overcome serious constraints in the four domains outlined in the article: (1) surveillance and control of urban space, (2) privatization of public space, (3) the rise of the luxury city, large-scale developments, megaprojects, and (4) homelessness.


Chemical propulsion currently provides the means for near-Earth satellite orbit maneuvers. As electric propulsion (EP) devices become more accepted and flight qualified, EP may enable increases in satellite payload mass while decreasing satellite propellant mass. The Air Force Operationally-Responsive Space (ORS) program proposes the use of commercially available and readily configurable satellite buses with masses of approximately 500 kg for near-Earth missions. This paper discusses three orbital maneuvers considered important in the characterization of EP use for satellites in near-Earth orbits. The first maneuver changes an orbit from low-Earth orbit (LEO) at 800 km to mediumEarth orbit (MEO) at 20,000 km. The second maneuver changes the inclination of an orbit at LEO by 90°, while the third maneuver rephases a satellite in LEO orbit by 180°. Each maneuver considers thruster specific impulse, Isp, from 1,000 to 3,000 s and thruster power from 100 W to 1.5 kW for a 500 kg satellite to obtain propellant mass and transfer time. In general, as Isp increases the transfer time increases and the propellant mass decreases. These transfer times range from hours to years, but mission constraints will define appropriate levels of Isp and power. Analysis of these maneuvers finds that EP is beneficial to near-Earth satellites for altitude and phase changes. EP is not currently beneficial to missions requiring large inclination changes, but identifies a key interest in future low-power EP devices.


The use of high-strength aluminum alloys in marine construction has certainly obtained many benefits, particularly for building fast ferries and also for military purposes. It is commonly accepted that the collapse characteristics of aluminum structures are similar to those of steel structures until and after the ultimate strength is reached, regardless of the differences between them in terms of material properties. However, it is also recognized that the ultimate strength design formulas available for steel panels cannot be directly applied to aluminum panels even though the corresponding material properties are properly accounted for. This is partly due to the fact that the stress versus strain relationship of aluminum alloys is different from that of structural steel. That is, the elastic-plastic regime of material after the proportional limit and the strain hardening plays a significant role in the collapse behavior of aluminum structures, in contrast to steel structures where the elastic perfectly plastic material model is well adopted. Also, the softening in the heat-affected zone significantly affects the ultimate strength behavior of aluminum structures, whereas it can normally be neglected in steel structures. In this paper, the ultimate strength characteristics of aluminum plates and stiffened panels under axial compressive loads are investigated through ANSYS elastic-plastic large deflection finite element analyses with varying geometric panel properties. An average level of welding-induced softening and initial imperfections is assumed for the analyses. Closed-form ultimate compressive strength formulas for aluminum plates and stiffened panels are derived by regression analysis of the computed results.


Root canal therapy for primary molars is not always successful. This report illustrates that the consequences of treatment can be significant in terms of patient discomfort, loss of arch circumference, expense to the parent, the amount of time needed to accomplish the clinical objective, and the commitment to long term follow-up care.


Constructivism is a theory of knowledge (epistemology) that argues that humans generate knowledge and meaning from an interaction between their experiences and their ideas. During infancy, there is an interaction between human experiences and their reflexes or behavior patterns. Jean Piaget called these systems of knowledge "schemata". Piaget's theory of constructivist learning has had wide ranging impact on learning theories and teaching methods in education and is an underlying theme of many educational reform movements. Research support for constructivist teaching techniques has been mixed, with some research supporting these techniques and other research contradicting those results. In past centuries, constructivist ideas were not widely valued due to the perception that children's play was seen as aimless and of little importance. Jean Piaget did not agree with these traditional views, however. He saw play as an important and necessary part of the student's cognitive development and provided scientific evidence for his views. Today, constructivist theories are influential throughout much of the nonformal learning sector.


The performance of spatial modulation (SM) is known to be dominated by the minimum Euclidean distance (MED) in the received SM constellation. In this paper, a symbol-scaling technique is proposed for SM in the multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channel that enhances the MED to improve the performance of SM. This is achieved by forming fixed sets of candidate prescaling factors for the transmit antennas (TAs), which are randomly generated and are known at both the transmitter and the receiver. For a given channel realization, the transmitter chooses the specific set of factors that maximizes the MED. Given the channel state information (CSI) readily available at the receiver for detection, the receiver independently chooses the same set of prescaling factors and uses them for the detection of both the antenna index (AI) and the symbol of interest. We analytically calculate the attainable gains of the proposed technique, in terms of its transmit diversity order, based on both the distribution of the MED and on the theory of classical order statistics. Furthermore, we show that the proposed scheme offers a scalable performance-complexity tradeoff for SM by varying the number of candidate sets of prescaling factors, with significant performance improvements, compared to conventional SM.


The inversive congruential method for generating uniform pseudorandom numbers is a particularly attractive alternative to linear congruential generators which have many undesirable regularities. In the present paper, a new inversive congruential generator with a variable shift and prime-power modulus is introduced. Exponential sums on inversive congruential pseudorandom numbers are estimated.


OBJECTIVE: To more accurately estimate the 2012 maternal mortality ratio for Texas using an enhanced method for identifying maternal deaths. METHODS: This population-based descriptive study used both data matching and record review to verify pregnancy or delivery within 42 days for 147 deaths with obstetric cause-of-death codes, and used data matching alone to identify additional maternal deaths within the same timeframe. Crude maternal mortality ratios were calculated for confirmed maternal deaths overall, by race and ethnicity, and by age. These maternal mortality ratios were compared with maternal mortality ratios computed using obstetric


The invention discloses a preparation method for water purifier capable of synchronously removing ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus in waste water, which belongs to the water treatment chemicals production technology in the field of environmental protection. The preparation method for the water purifier comprises the following steps of (1) placing mineral powder containing magnesium and calcium with given percentage amount into steel acid-washing waste liquid to have chemical reaction with hydrochloric acid in the waste liquid; (2) oxidizing reacted products, oxidizing ferrous ions to be ferric ions, and generating ferric chloride solution containing magnesium and calcium ions; and (3) aging and filtering the ferric chloride solution containing the magnesium and the calcium ions, evaporating and concentrating the solution when necessary, and packing the product after the product meets the index requirements. Products prepared by the preparation method can conform to the category II standard of water purifier ferric chloride of GB4482-2006, have a remarkably effect for synchronously removing the ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus for industrial sewage, agricultural breeding waste water and domestic waste water while having all performance characteristics of the ferric chloride, the resource-oriented comprehensive utilization of the steel acid-washing waste liquid can be realized, and a purpose for controlling waste through waste can be realized.


for drawer.My Viennese background is a big part of my identity; indeed, as I get older I find myself identifying with Europeans more than with Americans. My refugee habits have stuck: I feel that one gets through life by problem solving, optimism, and the assertion of one's rights; I am not easily cowed. So as a critic I have always followed my own star and avoided coteries and cults that strike me as anathema. My identity has been shaped by the concentric circles in which I travel: my childhood self, my marriage to a physician, my life as a wife and mother, my passage through various institutions that have shaped me. Qui parle? My unique self, unlike all others, even my two daughters or my mother. Posthumanism? I don't believe in it for a moment. I observe my three grandchildren, now in their twenties, and note how unique each one is. Yes, there are shared attitudes, customs, beliefs, but when was that not the case? I believe in what Marcel Duchamp so aptly called the infrathin: the smallest possible distinction between two actions, two images, twowords. I speak as a woman, a white person, a nonpracticing Jew, an elderly person, an upper-middle-class person, a US citizen, a Euro-Californian, a mother, a one-time victim, a professor, a writer, a member of the chattering classes, but first and foremost, I speak for the Gabriele Mintz who became, thanks to a voluntary name change in the United States and then a marriage, Marjorie Perloff. That is who speaks.


Cornelia Connelly's and This slim volume recounts the life and times of Philip Schaff, a noted church historian and ecumenist, a biblical, catechetical, and liturgical scholar, and an indefatigable editor of numerous theological journals. This is a story well told, and one that whets the reader's appetite for further exploration. To this end, the author provides a list of Schaff's major works as well as other useful primary and secondary sources.


Objective Explore the cognitive behavioral intervention for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in patients with negative emotions affect the results.Methods Right in January 2008 to August of 84 cases treated in our hospital in patients with COPD,according to treatment time,number,sub-observation group and control group,two groups of patients to be treated according doctor's advice and give a general knowledge of missionary COPD.The choice of treatment for the observation group with families of patients with effective communication,and to adopt an integrated cognitive-behavioral intervention.Results A year later,the patient observation of the project by the statistical analysis of the study group significantly different than the control group observed factors,including patient quality of life,symptom checklist of various factors,medication compliance and other factors,in addition to physiological function,are There was significant(P0.05).The two groups of patients quit smoking,study group was 90.5% in the control group was 36.4%.Conclusion Effective control of an integrated cognitive-behavioral intervention in patients with COPD progress of the disease,reducing negative emotion in patients and improve compliance of patients with COPD and quality of life.


This article is the result of a first advance on the project proposed within the research group: "religious phenomena" entitled: "Bioetc analysis about the abort despenalization in Colombia".


We specialize Schmudgen's Positivstellensatz and its Putinar and Jacobi and Prestel refinement, to the case of a polynomial $f\in R[X,Y]+R[Y,Z]$, positive on a compact basic semi algebraic set $K$ described by polynomials in $R[X,Y]$ and $R[Y,Z]$ only, or in $R[X]$ and $R[Y,Z]$ only (i.e. $K$ is a cartesian product). In particular, we show that the preordering $P(g,h)$ (resp. quadratic module $Q(g,h)$) generated by the polynomials $\{g_j\}\subset R[X,Y]$ and $\{h_k\}\subset R[Y,Z]$ that describe $K$, is replaced with $P(g)+P(h)$ (resp. $Q(g)+Q(h)$), so that the absence of coupling between $X$ and $Z$ is also preserved in the representation. A similar result applies with Krivine's Positivstellensatz involving the cone generated by $\{g_j,h_k\}$.


The no-load radial magnetic field and no-load back electromotive force (EMF) of external rotor permanent magnet brushless DC motor (PMBLDCM) are calculated by applying the correction coefficient of magnetic conductance here, taking into account the stator slotting and static eccentricity effects. An external rotor PMBLDCM with 51-slot/46-pole, used as in-wheel motor, is taken as an example, the analytical calculation results of the no-load back EMF are validated by the finite-element method and experiment. The influences of static eccentricity ratio on the no-load radial magnetic field and no-load back EMF are investigated based on the analytical model. The investigation shows that static eccentricity does not change the harmonic contents of no-load radial magnetic field, so it does not change the harmonic contents of three-phase no-load back EMFs. However, static eccentricity changes the space order of no-load radial magnetic field, resulting in the different total harmonic distortions of three-phase no-load back EMFs; in other words, the asymmetric distortions of three-phase no-load back EMFs are generated. The asymmetric distortions of three-phase no-load back EMFs are intensified with the increase in static eccentricity ratio.


The fact that epideictic aims at building a consensus, a " homonoia " among a community is well established since the first known rhetorical treatises. Making students exercise this rhetorical genre would then probably be of great interest to our society. I was teaching Latin and Greek in Belgian secondary schools during four years and decided to explore this hypothesis by making my students practice epideictic exercises. For they constitute the main model that may inspire us today, I took inspiration from exercises as they were practiced during classical Antiquity. After taking into account theoretical and practical aspects inherent to my teaching area, I decided to work on the so called ' paradoxical encomium' . My students were then asked to write the encomium of a neutral, or blameworthy object or person. This paper presents the results of this experiment. I will here focus on the concrete practice of such exercises, on the basis of my own teaching experience. I will broach benefits, but also technical and ethical problems that teachers and students may encounter while practicing them in a nowadays classroom and will illustrate my purpose with examples of productions written by some of my students, from 15 to 17 years old, in a Brussels school of the general secondary education in 2015.


The slopes of the pH-rate profiles for the cyclization of 2-methyl- and 2,3-dimethyl hydantoates 1-NPU and 2-NPU between pH 1 and 7 change from 1 to 0 and then back to 1. A reaction first order in H + was observed with the latter compound. The 2,2,3-trimethyl derivative 3-NPU showed only one reaction first order in OH - , but complex acid catalysis is described by slopes 0, -1, 0, and finally -1 again. The cyclizations were general base catalyzed, with Bronsted β values of 0.5-0.6. The OH - catalysis at higher pH for 1-NPU and 2-NPU showed inverse solvent kinetic isotope effects and deviated from the Bronsted relationships, while that for 3-NPU showed a normal effect and complied with the Bronsted relationship. The accelerations due to the gem-dimethyl effect were lost with the OH - and general base-catalyzed reactions of 3-NPU. This behaviour is due to a change from the rate-determining formation of the tetrahedral intermediate with 1-NPU and 2-NPU to the rate-determining breakdown with 3-NPU, due to steric hindrance to protonation of the leaving ethoxy group. The OH - reaction at higher pH involves attack of the ureide anion with 1-NPU and 2- NPU, becoming concerted with deprotonation when catalyzed by general bases and changing to acid inhibition of the anion of the tetrahedral intermediate at low pH. With 3-NPU at higher pH, T - is in equilibrium and the conjugate acids of the general bases accelerate its breakdown by protonating the ethoxy group. Acid catalysis of the cyclization of 3-NPU at higher pH is also protonation of the leaving group from T 0 changing to the rate-determining formation of T at lower pH. The latter mechanism is preferred for the cyclization of 2-NPU.


In this paper, a comparative study is performed between single, various double, and triple-layer winding structures to investigate the effects of the winding MMF harmonics and end winding length on the two-pole synchronous reluctance machines (SynRM). A two-step design approach is used including winding and geometry optimization using multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) algorithm. In the first stage, a Pareto front is obtained which determines the number of turns for each coil group for all winding configurations. Later in the second stage, three results are selected from the first stage to perform a geometric optimization to distinguish the effects of the THD and end winding length on the synchronous performance of a 4 kW two-pole SynRM. For the same average torque output, efficiency, mass, and the torque ripple of the selected designs are investigated and compared. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that rather than focusing on shortening the end winding length, reducing the MMF harmonics have a more positive effect on the machine performance as reduced harmonics resulted in efficiency improvement up to 2 points and torque ripple is reduced up to 8 points while having similar motor mass.


The joints of patients with osteoarthritis suffer constant and irreversible wear and tear resulting in pain and functional incapacity. Prostheses are an appropriate response for improving quality of life.


In the rich scattering environment, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems is well known to promise higher data rates with reliable link quality by several literatures [1],[2]. However, the beamforming system which exploits antenna correlation and concentrates the antenna beam on the desired direction has a barrier to combine with some kinds of MIMO technologies such as Vertical Bell laboratories layered space-time (V-BLAST)[1] and Space time coding (STC)[2]. Due to the completely di fferent of antenna deployment between the beamforming system(half times wavelength of the carrier) and MIMO technologies(10 times wavelength of the carrier), there is a contradiction to combine two systems together. However, several studies have proposed modified beamforming structures to achieve the diversity gain of STC or the multiplexing gain of BLAST system [4],[5]. In [4], a new beamforming structure is suggested in order to obtain the diversity gain by optimizing a cost function of the beamforming weight vector. While in [5], by the antenna grouping, spatial multiplexing gain is achieved in beamforming structure. In this paper, we propose a new transmit beamforming system combined with V-BLAST using antenna selection considering the hardware cost of the transmitter. The radio frequency (RF) chains which make hardware cost and complexity of devices dominantly increase are alleviated by antenna selection. Additionally, it is known that selecting the best subset of antennas gives the improvement of diversity gain without the loss of spectral e fficiency [6], [7]. To exploit these advantages of antenna selection, we divide transmit multiple antennas into several groups which consist of transmit antenna arrays (TAA) and derive optimum beamforming weight vectors from two distinct selection strategies which are to maximize received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) and mutual information(MI) respectively. The simulation results show that proposed system obtains additional diversity gain while maintains the same capacity of V-BLAST system without group selection. This paper is organized as follows. The system model of a novel transmit beamforming combined with V-BLAST is presented in section 2. Section 3 describes our overall transmit strategies and how to evaluate beamforming weight vectors in each scenario. Then, the simulation results are followed in Section 4. Finally, the paper is concluded in section 5.


Abstract : Instrumentation and procedures for detecting neuromagnetic fields evoked by sensory stimuli in an unshielded environment are described. Latencies of somatosensory and visually evoked neuromagnetic responses are compared with simple reaction times. Assuming a serial model, the RT can be divided into motor and sensory components. The latter is reflected in the neuromagnetic response. The visual neuromagnetic response has revealed two functionally distinct components that may reflect activity of sustained channels. It has also permitted isolation of two distinct cortical regions with different response properties. Latencies of resopnse of each of the two hemispheres were studied and revealed marked individual differences.


Technology Developmenare currently experiencing significant changes from age to age. And the need to store a data is changed, and each user's data storage require large storage capacity. At reasonable costs, as well as more structured management systematization. So on this research platform in use that is nextcloud, Where the private cloud concept designer can only add users and storage. And in accessing nextcloud based Local Area Network (LAN), the designer to take advantage of to change the IP DNS server into a domain that the user or more designers nextcloud easy access to the internet.Nextcloud


Being twenty-seven years old, I am one of the youngest members of the Telos editorial board and one of the newest (I have been here for four and a half years). I am a de facto member of the much-talked about "twenty-something" generation. Stereotyped by the culture industry as "slackers" and derided by baby boomer New Leftists as apolitical, some members of this generation have adopted these put-downs as sources of pride. We certainly have not adopted the dogmatic rigidity of most of the late-1960s New Left. Some young writers argue that this generation should be praised for its ideological flexibility (see, for instance, the good and bad side of this argument in Next: Young American Writers on the New Generation).


Simple analytic methods have been developed for high‐accuracy measurement of the quality factor Q of reflection and transmission microwave cavities. These methods are based on the consideration of cavity equivalent electronic circuit models and use measured cavity parameters over a narrow frequency range spanning the cavity resonance frequency to determine the Q factor. Since only straightforward frequency and power measurements are necessary, these methods are well suited to computer‐aided data acquisition and analysis. Specific results are presented for a standard X‐band reflection cavity with a Q of 2699.1±0.5 and a high‐Q X‐band cylindrical cavity with a Q of 23112±4.


Environmental conditions control physiological processes in plants and thus their growth. The predicted global warming is expected to accelerate tree growth. However, the growth response is a complex function of several processes. To circumvent this problem we have used the nitrogen productivity (dry matter production per unit of nitrogen in the plant), which is an aggregate parameter. Data on needle dry matter, production, and nitrogen content in needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) from a wide range of climatic conditions were collected from which needle nitrogen productivities were calculated. Our results show that nitrogen productivity is rather insensitive to temperature. As a consequence, the effects of temperature change on tree growth and ecosystem carbon storage should mainly be derived from effects on nitrogen availability through changes in nitrogen mineralisation.


Objective To investigate the regulation of the silkworm chrysalis oil on the plasma lipid in hyperlipidemia rats and its mechanism.Methods The rat model of hyperlipidemia was built by high fat diet and then ig administration of silkworm chrysalis oil for six weeks to observe TG,TC,HDL-C,LDL-C,ApoAI,ApoB,LCAT,LPL,and HL levels in the serum of rat every two weeks,then killed the rats in the sixth week,weighed the liver,and detected the LPL and HL levels in the liver.Results Compared to the indexes of model group,the blood lipids(TG and TC),lipoprotein(HDL-C and LDL-C),apoprotein(ApoAI and ApoB),LCAT,LPL,and HL levels of the rats in every group treated with silkworm oil were significantly different(P0.05) in a dose-dependent manner,and the change of the relative enzyme level was earlier than that of the blood lipid and lipoprotein level.Conclusion The silkworm chrysalis oil could regulate the plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in the serum of rats by activating apoprotein and correlating lipid-metabolizedenzyme,thereby to treat the hyperlipidemia.


A satisfactory solution to the problem of preserving historic wooden monuments constructed according to the system of timber frames has not yet been found. Describes the conservation work done on the first historic monument of this type in the department of Koszalin, Poland, a middle-class house at Zlotow which has been designated for adaptation as a regional museum. -- AATA


The aim of this research work is to unveil the phytoconstituents of some commonly consumed leafy vegetables which are Talinum triangulare (water leaf), Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin) and Occimum gratissimum (scent leaf). Freshly harvested vegetables were separately processed into fine powder. 15 g, each of the vegetable powder samples was extracted with methanol. Phytochemical and GC-MS analysis was carried out on the samples using standard procedures. The analysis showed that methanolic leaf extract of fluted pumpkin contains tannins, saponins, phenolics, proteins, anthraquinone and alkaloids with the presence of tannins and saponins being more abundant. However, enquiry into the phytoconstituents of Talinum triangulare leaf indicated that all phytochemicals investigated were reportedly present with saponins and alkaloids being more abundant. For O. gratissimum leaf, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, phenolics, proteins, anthraquinone and alkaloids were reportedly present. However, like T. occidentalis, tannins and saponins were more abundant. GC-MS analysis carried out on the methanolic leaf extract of T. occidentalis revealed that nine compounds were present. The five most abundant of the nine compounds include n-Hexanoic acid (35.23%), 9, 12, 15-octadecatrienal (12.4%), imidazolidinedione-5-methyl (10.96%), L-Proline, 5-oxo-, methyl ester (9.76%) and 3- [Prop-2-enoyloxy] tetradecane (8.96%). Meanwhile, O. gratissimum showed the presence of only phenol-2-methyl-5-(1-methylethyl) (90.73%) as the major constituent, while eight (8) compounds were found present in the methanolic leaf extract of T. triangulare (water leaf) and the five more abundant of the eight include pentanoic acid (28.28%), DL-proline,5-oxo-methyl-buthylester (24.89%), 3 pyridinecarboxyaldehyde, O-cetyloxine (E) (21%), Z-dodecanol (12.68%) and 4-pyridinol (4.61%). Findings from this research further support the claim on vegetables as repositories of nutraceuticals.


This paper presents the stability analysis and control design of the DC-DC stage in a 100 kW modular robotic arm-based off-board charging station. The study derives large and small signal models and defines control design requirements to ensure closed-loop stability. Finally, the performance of the proposed large and small signal models has been validated through time-domain simulation results.


A traveling-wave amplifier using a cross wound helix or the approximate equivalent, the ring bar circuit, when designed near the maximum limits of power and gain is susceptible to oscillations in a mode known as the "ring mode." The cutoff region of this mode has a range of phase velocity that generally encompasses that of the fundamental helix mode used for amplification. If other factors such as impedance and gain are sufficiently competitive with the fundamental mode, strong oscillations can ensue preventing the tube from functioning as a useful amplifier. Such oscillations have, in fact, been observed on a tube udng a ring bar circuit and at a frequency in the region of ka = 1. The approach used toward eliminating these oscillations was a hot and cold test study to identify the nature of the oscillation, consideration, and trial of methods intended to shift the frequency or phase velocity of this mode beyond the range of usual fundamental mode operation, decoupling of the beam, and use of preferential methods of attenuation. The suppression of "ring mode" oscillation was achieved without excessive deterioration of those characteristics desired in a high powered traveling-wave amplifier through the combined use of several of the above approaches to the problem. Although a description of the "ring mode" has appeared in the literature, oscillation in this mode and its elimination are believed to be novel and of fundamental importance.


Objective:To explore the effect of token enforcement on the clinical rehabilitation management for drug addicts.Methods:Sixty-eight inpatients under compulsory drug treatment were randomly divided into two groups:study group(n=36 cases) and control group(n=32 cases).Both groups took part in the conventional rehabilitation training after they were drug-free,but the study group were given extra behavior therapy with token enforcement for 8 weeks.Before and after the intervention,the effect was assessed with a drug abstinent behavior standard evaluation and Self-control Scale(SCS).Results:Before the intervention,there was no difference in the wrong behaviors done per capita and SCS between the two groups(P0.05).After the intervention,the study group saw much less wrong behaviors per capita and low SCS scores,showing statistical significance when compared with the control group(P0.001).Conclusion:Introduction of token enforcement program into rehabilitation management for drug addicts on compulsory treatment can help changing the addicts wrong behavior and improve their self-control ability,which could play a positive role in cultivating good healthy behavior among drug addicts on treatment and maintain drug-free in the future.


The increased severity of infections in young infants may be due to immaturity of the neonatal immune system. Studies have shown that lymphocytes from 1-7 day old infants make normal adult levels of alpha IFN, but have impaired production of PHA-induced gamma IFN. This impairment has been shown to be primarily due to a functionally immature neonatal macrophage. Gamma IFN production is important in recovery from viral infections and can also be used as a marker of macrophage function in infants. To determine the ontogeny of gamma IFN production in vivo, we obtained blood from 40 healthy children (age 1 day to 12 yrs), and 13 adult controls. Whole blood (adjusted to 2×105 lymphs/ml) was incubated with PHA-A in RPMI for 48 hrs, and supernates assayed for IFN expressed in International Units (IU) by protection of WISH human aminon cells from encephalomyocarditis virus challenge. All adults (13) produced IFN geometric mean titer (GMT) 114 IU (range 25-756 IU). In comparison healthy infants ages 0-75 days exhibited markedly decreased gamma IFN with only 8/26 producing any detectable IFN (range 0-480 IU), GMT 2.75 IU (p<.01). Infants from 75-180 days of age produced gamma IFN at intermediate levels of 0-240 IU GMT=50 (N=6). Adult levels of gamma IFN were produced by 7/8 children ≥180 days old (180 days-12 yrs) levels 0-980 IU, GMT=177 IU (N=8). This impaired gamma IFN production in infants ≤2½ mos. of age may represent a functionally immature macrophage system and may help explain the increased morbidity and mortality from bacterial and virus infections (particularly herpes simplex virus) in young infants.


Based on the quantitative analysis of China's national level eldercare policy documents and from the perspective of policy network theory, this paper mainly analyzed China's eldercare policies after it entered the aging period. The research showed that the frequent interaction of eldercare policy network action subjects in policy network based on interest appeals, resource exchanges and policy preferences has affected the network relationship and network structure, which further affected the implementation of eldercare policies. Hence, an interdependent, stable and positively interacted policy network should be established through platform innovation and integration of multiple interests to satisfy the demands of multiple eldercare subjects, deepen the socialization and marketization of eldercare, and promote the stable and healthy development of eldercare policies.