Magnetotelluric (MT) so und ings an: prese nted fo r the regi on of Alto Parnn utbn Igneo us Pro vin ce (A PIP), a complex and economically impo rt ant Cret aceous magmati c pro vince in western Minas Gerais state. In add ition to co nventional widcban d so und ings, suitab le for crust al scale investigations. long-period MT was used fo r the first time in Brazil to investigate the mantle lithosphere . This pa pe r is focu sed on tile inrcrprcnnion of the long period data, which probe the conductivity struc ture of the uppe r mantle bct ween 40 kill and 250 kill. The data have included selected sites across the e ntire APJP, in a I SO-krn long SW-NE profile . The results show a hete rogeneous mantle , in terms of electrica l properties, more cond uctive at depths below XO kin beneath the borde rs of bot h Parun.i and San fronciscana basins and re sistive to depths dow n to 160 kill in the ce ntral partofth e profi le, ove r the Brasflia fold-thrustkit. Stich variurions in tile co nd uctivity profile of thc "pJx:r mantle nrc see m ing ly co mpa tible with the tectonic evo lution of the APIP, developed in the foldbel t and adjacen t two s ub-bas ins (Ubcrabn and Aba ete ) with Cretaceous uplift in the central part and subsidence in the sub-bas ins. The electrical mantle he terogeneity from XO to l(iOkill appears to be in agreement with the petrochemical data, which sugges t that the mafi c-potassic associations ori g inated at distinct depths from heterogen eo us upper mantle sources . Consequen tly, mugmmisms cfk.unafughic nml carbonutitic affinities wo uld occ ur in regions coi ncidenta l with enhanced conductivities at sha llowe r uppe r mantle dept hs, whe reas the ones ofkimbcrlitic and lamproitic affinities wou ld occur ill re gions with deep re sistive keels. The geo physical signat ure ccrrobonucs the idea of a patchwork lithosphere composed by oldercomincnralblocks merged wi th younger blocks during continental W llvcrgcm:e. The re fore , a new approach in diamond exploration requ ires the rc-c vnluaticn by deep probing geop hysical methods , such as MT deep sou nd ings, o f tcctcnicull y yo unge r reg ions thru might ha ve ncccnuuodntcd ancient frugmcms. Kevwonts: Alto Paranafba. ign eous pro vince , upper mantic. electr ical con duc tivity, mag ucunclluric ge ophysic al meth od. Figure 1 Sites of MT soundings plotted ill a simp lified gcolog ical tnap JllOdfj"ied fro m Scho bbenhn ns et al. 1981. The encircled letters represent the location of the follow ing d iatremes: L timcim; J Japecanga ; P Panta no ; PO Presidente Ulegario; CP Carillo do Paranaiba. cove red by mciapc litcs and carbonates of the Bambui and Vazante Gro ups, resp ecti vely, S ilic iclastic and vo lcanoc las tic C re taceous sed ime nts arc roun d in the southeas te rn co rne r (Bauru Group) and eas te rn porti on (M ata da Corda and Arcade form ati ons). Large Cretaceo us a lkalin e co mplexes occur to the north west (Cutulho I and Ca talan II) and so utheas t (Serra Negra and Salitre ) o f the a rea . C re taceous d ia tremes, conce ntrated in and around the ce ntral reg ion , are compose d by rocks of kimbcrfitic _16' 00 '


The invention relates to an iron phosphate preparation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: putting iron in a phosphoric acid solution and heating to carry out iron melting reaction, thus obtaining a reaction liquid containing Fe(H2PO4)2; adding hydrogen peroxide to the filtrate of the reaction liquid, carrying out oxidation reaction in the stirring condition, then adding polyethylene glycol and further stirring the materials to react Fe(H2PO4)2 to generate iron phosphate, thus obtaining a solution after oxidation; adding distilled water to the solution after oxidation to carry out hydrolysis reaction; carrying out solid-liquid separation on a feed liquid after hydrolysis, washing a solid discharged material obtained after separation until the pH value of a liquid after washing is nearly neutral and spin-drying the solid discharged material, thus obtaining solid iron phosphate; and drying and dehydrating solid iron phosphate after spin-drying in sequence to form dehydrated iron phosphate. The preparation method is low in preparation cost. Prepared iron phosphate has high purity and is environmentally friendly.


Medical practice is changing at an increasingly rapid rate. Drivers for change in the UK include: our ageing population and consequent changing patterns of illness towards more chronic and degenerative disease; increasing public expectations and a need to improve services to meet these expectations; workforce legislation and pressures due to the shortages of trained professionals to provide services, and the introduction of new medical technologies that increase the range and possibilities of treatment. These drivers are present in many countries across the developed world and some are also important in less developed countries, where, for example, chronic disease is becoming a major burden on existing health care resources. Medical education needs to respond to the changing patterns of medical practice. John Bligh has cautioned that, in the UK, further, and possibly more dramatic, changes to medical education loom large as health services reconfigure in response to political and social demands. 2 Medical schools need to ensure that the doctors they produce are equipped with the necessary core knowledge, generic skills and flexible attitudes that will allow them to contribute and thrive in this rapidly changing environment. The General Medical Council in the UK recognises this and recommends that doctors should be able to gain, assess, apply and integrate new knowledge and have the ability to adapt to changing circumstances throughout their professional life . Central to the process of planning the education and training of doctors who will be sufficiently well prepared to practise medicine in the 21st century is a vision of the kind of doctor we are trying to produce. Ronald Harden and colleagues likened the process of defining and stating the learning outcomes for a medical education programme to that of producing an architect's plan for a building. The plan provides an image in detail of what the building will be like after it is completed. In the same way, the statement of learning outcomes should provide a clear picture of the sort of doctor to be produced by a medical programme. One legitimate concern might be that a clear plan at the start of basic medical education might need to be revised during the long period of that education in response to rapid changes in medical practice. Perhaps, rather than an architect's blueprint, we should think of the picture as resembling an artist's impression of our future doctor.


Given a question about an image, a Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) model needs to provide not only a correct answer, but also a rationale to justify the answer. It is a challenging task due to the requirements of diverse visual content understanding, abstract language comprehending, and complicated inter-modality relationship reasoning. To solve above challenges, previous methods either resort to holistic attention mechanism or explore transformer-based model with pre-training, which, however, cannot perform comprehensive understanding and usually suffer from heavy computing burden. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-level counterfactual contrastive learning network for VCR by jointly modeling the hierarchical visual contents and the inter-modality relationships between the visual and linguistic domains. The proposed method enjoys several merits. First, with sufficient instance-level, image-level, and semantic-level contrastive learning, our model can extract discriminative features and perform comprehensive understanding for the image and linguistic expressions. Second, taking advantage of counterfactual thinking, we can generate informative factual and counterfactual samples for contrastive learning, resulting in stronger perception ability of our model. Third, an auxiliary contrast module is incorporated into our method to directly optimize the answer prediction in VCR, which further facilitates the representation learning. Extensive experiments on the VCR dataset demonstrate that our approach performs favorably against the state-of-the-arts.


Paul Fox closes his exploration of the institutionalisation of memory within museums with the question "do Australians inhabit a postcolonial world or a landscape of colonial memories?" [Fox, 1992, 317] The question forms for him out of an analysis of the ways in which the orderings of aboriginality and space of the colonial museum continued to haunt Australian cultural imaginaries in the early 1990s. Fox traces how colonial museums ordered their knowledge always in reference to the imperial centre, accomplishing a kind of double colonialism – reinforcing "the European acquisition of space" while ensuring that, for the "former peripheral city of empire ... memory exists in and belongs to a system of knowledge created elsewhere" [ibid, pp. 308-9]. It seems to me Fox posed his question to invite a response affirming the colonial quality of Australian memory. However, considering his question in 2005, 'post' the debates over race, reconciliation, and history that dominated the turn of century, elicits a more uncertain response in me. Institutionalising memory in Australia is now a highly politicised process involving a complex array of stakeholders, such as governments, museum professionals, and indigenous and non-indigenous communities. The outcomes often redraft imperial knowledge into self-aware narratives of colonial domination and appropriation, albeit inciting new debates over the 'balance' between recuperation of indigenous loss and survival and celebration of successful settlercolonial subjects as tropes of national memory. Do such outcomes unsettle the 'knowledge from elsewhere', rescripting landscapes of memory in post-colonial tropes? Are colonial memories always a landscape constructed from the past? Or is the present making new nets of it's own that make the 'post' in the colonial ambiguous or uncertain?


The aim of this research is to develop quantitative analysis method for emerging countries, especially focusing on major city in India where they are facing negative impact by transportation such as CO2 emission growth, many traffic fatalities, large fuel consumption, and air pollution as a result. In this research, we installed more than ten traffic monitoring traffic counter cameras in Ahmedabad city of Gujarat state of India. The monitoring cameras detect traffic vehicle and capture several traffic data such as vehicle numbers, vehicle speed, traffic occupancy, vehicle density, gap length between vehicle to vehicle and so on. And each data is collected by every minutes per roads. Therefore the collected data becomes more than 432,000 points per months. In order to analyse the traffic data, author recognize special features of the collected traffic data and the Envelope Observation (EO) for traffic flow characteristics by measurement data is useful for obtaining traffic flow equation. The unique feature of emerging counties traffic data is widely spread plots at the traffic basic characteristics such as traffic density to speed curve and traffic density to traffic volume curve. But there is clearly boundary line in those curves. Author uses EO analysis to fit traffic flow parameters to these boundary lines. By defining traffic flow parameters, it is able to obtain the traffic flow value such as free speed traffic flow, critical traffic volume, and critical traffic density. After obtaining traffic parameters, it is able to create traffic flow equation for each measured road and even each lane of its road. The uniqueness of this research is extension of analysis for the road lane effect for the traffic congestion by correlation ratio analysis between driving lane and passing lane of each road. As the result of this analysis, it becomes clear that congestion condition of roads makes the different traffic flow characteristics by driving and passing lane. This is the first time to explain the lane effect for traffic congestion on the basis of the EO method.


Objective To optimize the condition of semi-biotic extraction technology for Zanthoxylum nitidum. Methods The extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal test followed by dynamic process,with extraction rate of total alkaloids and dried paste weight as the indexes. Results The optimal process was as follows: after pretreatment with cellulasepectinase,Zanthoxylum nitidum was extracted in the 70℃ water bath for 80min with 6 times volume of pH2.0 buffer for the first time,then for 60min with 6 times volume of pH7.5 buffer for the second time,then for 50min with 6 times volume of pH8.3 buffer for the last time. Conclusion The process is efficient,energy-and time-saving. It establishes an experimental basis for industrial production.


We investigate the effect of subsidies and levies on the behaviour of households on the Dutch housing market. Our primary interest lies in the effect on the tenure choice and on the levels of housing consumption for the whole population. The housing consumption level is not a priori defined. We chose a one-dimensional housing concept. Differences between market values may reflect differences in house characteristics, but may also stem from differences between markets. To find the 'true' levels of housing, we break up market values of houses into price and quantity, resulting in regional price indices for owner-occupied and rented houses separately. After correction for actual subsidies and levies (for the current tenure choice) and for imputed values (for the alternative choice), households face individually varying prices. We use a survey data set of about 60,000 Dutch households. Behaviour is estimated using a utility maximising consumption model with equations for both tenure choice and the consumption levels for owning respectively renting a house. The relation between choice and quantity is taken into account. The resulting price and income effects are in line with standard theory. Higher income gives a tendency towards owning rather than renting.


In order to solve the problem that the table tennis robot hit the ball is not very well for the fast and with larger spinning ball. According to the Newton's law of motion, analyze the force of table tennis in the air. Then establish the flight model and the Collision model, and do simulation experiments to verify its rationality. Then analyze and predict the trajectory of table tennis. Follow the principle of peace ball, planning the return trajectory of table tennis. Finally, calculate the hitting speed and posture of the racket by combining the position of the ball striking point and the initial velocity with the table tennis collision model. And using MATLAB to simulate the experiment to verify the table tennis can get to the desired hit point at planning speed and posture.


We collected insect samples of 88 numbers in theFicus auriculataand Ficus hispida trees in Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanic Garden.Through identification 39 species visitFicus auriculata,they subordinate 8 orders,20 families and 33 genuses.In the Ficus hispida tree insects have 7 orders,22 families,and 35 genuses,all are 39 species.Results show that insect species is rich and lepidoptera,coleoptera and homopyera are major pests.The paper also describes harming symptom of every pest,activities of beneficial insects and analyse their peculiar functions.


Although the mechanism of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is not fully known, the imbalance of vasoconstrictive and vasodilative mediators plays a major role. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is one of the vasodilators involved in this process. Inhibition of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) causes elevation of PGE2 level in tissue by delaying the rapid degradation of PGE2 by the enzyme. We tested the hypothesis that the 15-PGE2 inhibitor would protect against CI-AKI in a mouse model and attempted to elucidate the mechanism involved.

 10-week aged male C57/BL6 Mice were injected with 10gI/kg of iodixanol by tail vein. Renal blood flow measurement, right nephrectomy, and blood sampling were taken at 48 hours after iodixanol injection. The 15-PGDH inhibitor was injected before and after iodixanol administration. Plasma creatinine, NGAL, KIM-1 were measured as biomarkers for renal function. Histological evaluation was analyzed by the necrosis scoring system and TUNEL assay. Arteriolar area of outer medulla was analyzed by α-smooth muscle actin stain. Renal blood flow was measured by the non-invasive laser doppler.

 Plasma creatinine (1.94±0.75 vs 1.11±0.44 mg/dL, p=0.005), NGAL (299.7±115.87 vs 140.4±76.56 ng/mL, p=0.004), and KIM-1 (2.09±2.34 vs 0.43±0.89 ng/mL, p=0.024) levels were significantly lower when the 15-PGDH inhibitor was injected before and after iodixanol administration than the vehicle group. But no significant renal protective effect was shown when the 15-PGDH inhibitor was injected before or after iodixanol administration. The 15-PGDH inhibitor administration before and after iodixanol injection showed a significantly wider renal arteriolar area (683.63±248.46 vs 1132.97±357.46 μm2, p=0.039) and larger renal blood flow (360.0±49.72 vs 635.1±27.20, p=0.011) than vehicle administration.

 The 15-PGDH inhibitor has a renal protective effect against CI-AKI in mice by increasing renal blood flow when injected intravenously before and after iodine contrast media administration.


Conventionally, crack width is used to assess the corrosion level, whereas other important characteristics such as the variation in crack width at different locations on the surface are disregarded. These important characteristics of surface crack can be described comprehensively using the fractal theory to facilitate the assessment of the corrosion level. In this study, the relationship between steel corrosion and the fractal characterization of concrete surface cracking is investigated. Reinforced concrete prisms with steel bars of different diameters and with different corrosion rates were evaluated. High-resolution images of cracks on the surfaces of these specimens were captured and processed to obtain their fractal dimensions. Finally, a relationship between the fractal dimension, steel bar diameter, and the corrosion rate is established. The results show that the fractal dimension is associated closely with the corrosion rate and steel bar diameter. This study provides new ideas for evaluating corroded reinforced concrete structures.


The article revises the evolution of the research activity in the "Dimitrie Cantemir"Christian University, together with the evolution of the Scientific Research accomplished in the Romanian Academic Level Education and with the complex matter of the 1989 post revolution economic reform, by underlining the contributions, participations and results of the research to the real world. The multitude of the research action plans involves funds approaches, opening Research Centres inside the faculties and not only there, five magazines, partnership with similar institutions in Romania and in other countries, participation in the domestic and international scientific sessions and conventions, articles issued in other ISI and B+ publications, etc. Likewise, great efforts are made to get national European and business environment grant funds, on one hand, and on another hand to a permanent follow-up training of the academic educational process.


That sterilization today is a subject of considerable interest can hardly be denied. Planned Parenthood has its pamphlet on the subject,1 and even the Wall Street Journal finds the topic of sufficient interest to intermingle with the financial news.2 While ethical land psychologicaPl assessments of sterilization may differ, few would deny that the operation should be performed only upon those who knowingly consent to it."


The High EffiCiency TOtal absorption spectrometeR (HECTOR) is a 4 π γ -summing detector designed to measure capture cross sections. Here, we present the commissioning of HECTOR at the Compact Accelerator System for Performing Astrophysical Research (CASPAR) laboratory, which is located at the Sandford Underground Research Facility 4850 feet underground. With the underground envi-ronment drastically improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the detector, it is estimated HECTOR will be able to push cross-section measurements below a nanobarn. Details of the experimental setup are discussed along with the analysis of several resonance strengths measured for the 27 Al ( p , γ ) 28 Si reaction between the lab energies 0.2–1.0 MeV. The measurements are in excellent agreement with those found in the literature.


The self-cleaning glass coated with Fe3+-TiO2 photocatalytic thin film was prepared by sol-gel process from the system Ti(OC4H9)4-NH(C2H4OH)2-C2H5OH-H2O containing FeCl3. The microstructure and properties of the film were studied using differential thermal analysis-thermogravimetry(DTA-TG), X-ray diffration(XRD) and scanning electron microscope(SEM). The transmittance of the self-cleaning glass was measured by using UV-Vis spectrometer. The effects of content of Fe3+ and the thickness of Fe3+-TiO2 thin film on the photocatalytic activity were examined. The results show that the photocatalytic thin films are mainly composed of Fe3O4 and TiO2 particles within 10-100 nm. The appropriate amount of Fe3+ is effective for improving the photocatalytic activities of TiO2. The best photocatalytic activity is obtained when the molar ratio of Fe3+ to TiO2 is 0.005 and the glass is coated with 9 layers.


There are fundamental differences between the various ontologies of Australian First Nations peoples who have lived there for 40–60,000 thousand years and the various ontologies of more recent Australian arrivals from the 18 Century onwards (peoples of European descent or Asian descent, for example). These differences create wildly opposing relationships with, and treatments of, varying environments due to the ecological performance of the different ontologies. As Alistair reminds us, 'the Eurocentric model of understanding and relating to the land has been an ecological failure in Australia' (p. 71). Maybe it would be prudent to listen to other ontological voices, and act on them, for the sake of many species—including humans—currently experiencing another mass extinction event. This is because some voices are often more ecologically sustainable than others due to the (often) more equitable trophic cascades emanating from their ethical and epistemological relationships with those environments. Following 'Noel Gough's (2000) observation that people and knowledge are always located somewhere (rather than everywhere/anywhere)', Alistair informs us that knowledge of the land is situational, contextual and performative (p. 102). Unfortunately, one language every three months is lost to the world or consumed in a western monoculture (Wiecha, 2013), and with that language goes a completely different way of articulating the world. As languages die, so do modes of inhabiting, knowing, relating, and acting in/for/of environments, gathered exponentially over millennia.


A 36-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of impalement injury due to a downwards fall upon some reinforced steel rods. An emergency operation was performed using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS). The steel rods were taken out in the operating room. The heart, great vessels, vertebrae, and spinal cord were not involved in the impalement wounds. We performed a bronchoplasty of the torn and separated right main bronchus, and repaired the impaled left lung without any pulmonary resection. He recuperated without sequelae.


Background According to the literature and our experience, patients with gastrointestinal metastases are relatively rare. Numerous case reports and literature reviews have been reported. We present one of the larger case series of gastrointestinal metastases. Objectives To explore the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal tract metastases, which are rare metastatic sites. Methods Patients with gastrointestinal metastases in the setting of stage IV primary carcinomas treated at Beijing Ditan Hospital and Peking University International Hospital from November 1992 to August 2017 were included in this study. The diagnosis of gastrointestinal tract metastases was based on histopathology. Results 30 patients (median age 56 years, 56.7% female) were included. The most common primary carcinomas associated with gastrointestinal metastases were breast (11 patients, 36.7%), stomach (9 patients, 30.0%), and lung (4 patients, 13.3%) cancer. The major pathological types were adenocarcinoma (16 patients, 53.3%) and ductal carcinoma (9 patients, 30.0%). Ten patients (33.3%) underwent local gastrointestinal treatment, and 20 patients (66.7%) underwent nonlocal treatment (involving chemotherapy alone or best supportive care). For breast cancer patients and gastric cancer patients who underwent local therapy, a significant survival advantage was observed (p = 0.001 and p = 0.012, respectively). The presence of other common metastases was identified as an independent poor prognostic factor through multivariate analysis with a HR (hazard ratio) of survival of 0.182 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.11-0.523, p = 0.031). Conclusion Gastrointestinal metastases are most frequently from breast invasive ductal carcinoma. The presentation of other common metastases with gastrointestinal metastasis indicates poor prognosis, and selected patients may benefit from surgical intervention.


This study aims at examining the site managers' effectiveness with relation to their managerial style when managing multi-cultural work forces in the Middle East. Data were obtained from 79 site managers working with 41 international and 38 local organizations in six Middle Eastern countries. These are: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Libya, Bahrain, Oman and Kuwait. Managerial effectiveness was found to be related to the style of site managers. The successful site manager is one who recognizes and understands cultural differences of his subordinates and combines both leadership dimensions, task and employee orientation.


After the 9/11 terrorist attacks, U.S. international student visa policy and procedures underwent drastic changes having an obvious and immediate impact on foreign students, higher education institutions, international education administrators, and U.S. visa services. This phenomenological study intends to analyze the long-term impact of the changes to the international student visa policy and procedures through describing the lived experiences and perceptions of six international education administrators. As one of the research participants stated "No one should expect that things will be the same as they were before the 9/11 attacks."


During the period 1972-76 1 intrauterine and 10 ectopic pregnancies occurred in more than 5000 laparoscopic sterilizations by tubal cauterization and transection performed in the hospitals from which the cases were collected. Sterilization-pregnancy interval of the 10 patients ranged from 4 months to 4 years. Provisional diagnosis was the physicians diagnosis upon 1st contact with the patient; the initial diagnosis was inaccurate in majority of the cases. Unilateral salpingectomy was performed in 6 patients bilateral salpingectomy in 4. Delayed diagnosis was made in 6 patients and was attributed to the history of sterilization. No deaths occurred but all patients were subjected to risks of anesthesia infection blood loss and blood replacement. All patients underwent sterilization at least 3 years after the last pregnancy. 4 of the 10 ectopic pregnancies occurred within a year of sterilization. It is suggested that 90% of sterilization failures will result in ectopic pregnancy. A patients history of sterilization should not preclude diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Although none of the cases of ectopic pregnancy in this series resulted in litigation because of the current litigious nature of our society informed consent prior to laparoscopic tubal sterilization should include the risk of ectopic pregnancy.


On the 14th April 2014, Oxford Archaeology East carried out an archaeological evaluation at 13 Hurdleditch Road, Orwell. This evaluation was carried out in advance of the erection of 15 dwellings including associated external works, roads and parking. One ditch was identified along with one post hole and an undetermined feature containing 2 sherds of post-medieval pottery. The ditch contained Late Iron Age pottery and animal bone, and is probably a prehistoric enclosure ditch.


line (RR 5 0.67, 95% CI 0.24, 1.89) relative to no selegiline in PD subjects. We agree, in general, that the RCT is the gold standard approach to efficacy. However, all studies are prone to bias, even RCTs. The major bias of RCTs is that they generally exclude a large proportion of subjects (very old, major comorbidity) who are exposed to these drugs. The UK-PDRG19 did recruit patients routinely but still had exclusions. In addition, approximately 50% switched treatment arm (with potential biases in an intention-totreat analysis). Finally, on-treatment analysis did not produce significant results,20 whereas the 21 months follow-up analysis also found a lower and nonsignificant adverse effect of selegiline.21 No study is perfect, even an RCT, and we should examine all the evidence,22 alongside the quality of design and analysis. Our main conclusion of no evidence of increase in mortality in patients with PD receiving selegiline is justified.


The cause of the extended rotation curves of galaxies is investigated. It is shown that conventional sources and most exotic sources for the needed gravitational fields are implausible. We suggest spatial fluctuations in a scalar field, similar to the inflation field, are responsible for the gravitational fields. These fluctuations play the role of 'dark' halos around galaxies. They take ∼ 10 5 yrs to develop and could not have been important in the early days of the universe. When galaxies are clustered, a Λ − term appears naturally in this theory. The universe's present energy density associated with these scalar field variations is Ω ∼ 1 / 2 − 2 / 3. A possible scenario is suggested in which the cosmic scale factor R ( t ) would have experienced a recent acceleration. A discussion of further observations and theoretical work needed to resolve some ambiguities in the theory is given.


The concept of multicultural education's Sayyid Quṭb starts from the verses of the Qur'an which explain diversity, as well as several traditions that narrate the patterns and interactions of the Prophet who live in diversity. This article examines a topic of multicultural education through the perspective of Sayyid Quṭb in his interpretation book Fī Ẓ ilāl Al-Qur'ān , focusing on several verses in Surah Al-Baqarah (2) verse 62, Surah Hūd (11) verse 118 , Surah Al-Rūm (30) verse 22, Surah Al-Fatḥ (48) verse 29, Surah Al-Ḥujurāt (49) verses 9, 10, 11, and 13. Multicultural education according to Quṭb in Tafsīr Fī Ẓ ilāl Al-Qur'ān is a doctrine in which one recognizes diversity and difference as sunnatullāh, and is also a sign of God's power. God's determination for this diversity has a goal so that people can get to know each other, brothers, work together, improve each other, give each other benefits and also be compassionate so as to create a harmonious, safe and peaceful life. Sayyid Quṭb hisself views multicultural education as a character of Islamic religion, in his interpretation Sayyid Quṭb even condemns people who are fanatical about certain tribes or groups by calling them as a jahiliyyah.


The single crystals of tristhiourea lanthanum bromide (TTLaB) have been grown by solution growth using slow evaporation technique. The grown crystals were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) to study the crystal structure. The presence of functional groups was identified through Fourier transform-infrared technique. The optical study exposed that the crystal has high transmission with lower cut off wavelength of 237.43 nm. The Elemental analysis confirmed atoms present in the grown compound. The NLO (Non Linear Optical) behavior of TTLaB crystal was tested by Kurtz-Perry powder technique. This novel semi-organic single crystal of TTLaB exhibited very good optical transmission property, high mechanical strength and large non-linearity nature.


Time dependencies of the electrical resistance and electron density evolution in the discharge in a tube, with nitrogen at different pressures, with a diameter of 9.2mm and a length of 10cm were studied. A current pulse with an amplitude of 500A and duration of 10μs has created the discharge in the tube. Instantaneous electron densities are estimated from the interference pattern in Mach–Zehnder interferometer using femtosecond Ti: sapphire laser beam. Laboratory results are compared with results of computer modelling by MHD computer codes NPINCH and ZSTAR. Time development of the discharge resistance according to experiment is measured and evaluated. Minimum measurable value of the electron density in the experiment is determined as 2×1015cm−3.


Self-love can make a positive change in your life. I honestly believe that self-love and gratitude are the roots of happiness. Those are two things ...


Objective
To analyze the epidemics and characteristics of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among population aged 50 years old and above from 2012 to 2017 in Beijing, and to provide evidences for publicity and education of AIDS.

Methods
The data of reported HIV infected patients and AIDS patients during 2012-2017 in Beijing were collected from the National Basic Information System for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control. SPSS 20.0 software was used for the statistical analysis.

Results
By the end of 2017, 1 937 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported in the population aged 50 years old and above. From 2012 to 2017, the annual proportions of the cases in this population among all cases reported within each year were 7.88%, 8.86%, 9.58%, 9.04%, 10.15% and 11.74%, respectively; and the proportions increased year by year. The infected patients were mainly males with a male-to-female ratio of 7.17:1. Among the cases, homesexual transmission was the main transmission route among males (54.12%) while most female cases were infected via heterosexual transmission (97.47%). For HIV/AIDS patients aged 50 years old and above, 71.14% was detected by active surveillance in the medical institutions.

Conclusions
The population aged 50 years old and above should be listed as the key population of HIV/AIDS prevention and control in Beijing. Scientific prevention and control measures should be taken based on the epidemiological characteristics.

Key words:
HIV/AIDS; Epidemic; Epidemiological characteristics; Eledrly


We propose a new approach to investment style analysis by classifying the hedge fund universe with the Tibshirani, Walther and Hastie (2001) Gap Statistic. This study finds the statistical presence of only three broad hedge fund investment styles for the period 1994 to 2001. The investment styles can be best described as: quasi-long-equity; non-directional; and, global-directional. We validate the findings of the Gap Statistic by passively replicating the systematic returns of these three investment styles with traditional asset classes.


The purpose of this study was to identify the basic need of the spouses of patients with myocardial infarction. The concepts of basic needs from MASLOW were used as conceptual framework. The data's abalysis showed the follwing nedds' affections of this population: safety, belongingness and love, esteem


The impact of cloud‐affected satellite radiances on numerical weather prediction (NWP) accuracy is investigated. The NWP model used is the HIgh Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM). Its four‐dimensional variational data assimilation (4D‐Var) system was used to assimilate cloud‐affected infrared (IR) radiances from the Spinning Enhanced Visible and InfraRed Imager (SEVIRI). Cloud parameters are modelled internally in the observation operator and used in the radiative transfer calculations. The interaction between the cloud parameters and the model control vector variables is incorporated in the adjoint version of the observation operator, which is used to derive cloud‐affected Jacobians prior to the inner‐loop minimization of the cost function.


Tension between necessity for infrastructure investment and scarcity of public capital is inevitable in modern motorized nations. When fiscal policy needs to be tightened public investment may face deceleration. On the other hand lax funding scheme may give way to over-investment. After an overview of recent trend in funding system of road investment this paper highlights institutional differences in five major nations, USA, UK, France, Germany and Japan, and examines how actual investment is affected. Between 1990 and 2004, we find that in nations such as USA and Japan, where road fund is established, the level of hypothecated fuel tax revenue affects road investment while in other three nations such a relationship is not observed. In USA, Germany and Japan general fiscal condition of the government, indexed by primary balance, has significant effect on road investment with time lags ranging from 1.5 to 4.6 years. In UK and France there is no evidence of such an effect. Given the funding system, we then assess efficiency of road transport in these five nations during the same period from two perspectives; efficiency in terms of 1) how road network has impacted macro-economic MFP growth and 2) how the road transport system as a whole is performing. For the former, this paper reveals that impact of road capital improvement on macro-economic MFP growth is positive only to the extent that physical network had expanded. In Japan and USA and more recently in Germany disproportionate growth in nominal value of road capital has negatively affected MFP growth. For the latter, road transport system composed of road network, automobiles and fuel consumption has been improving with the exception of Japan. Redundancy of transport networks and sparse land-use are major sources of inefficiency.


Laminitis has become a fashionable diagnosis in dairy cow lameness. Some fifteen years ago, Dutch colleagues vehemently denied the existence of this problem in their country. Nowadays they not only agree that it occurs, but they, along with some Scandinavians, have been among the few critical observers of the clinical condition, and have also successfully reproduced laminitis in cattle. Let us pose a series of questions and attempt answers.


The ultra-high-speed protection of the power transmission system may be interfered by lightning strokes on lines. It is limited to distinguish the lightning stroke and the common short circuit fault based on the current traveling-waves. We proposed a new method to distinguish the lightning strikes and common short-circuit faults on the basis of the characteristic of the bus voltage signals using S-transform. Through extracting the feature of the voltage signal using time-frequency contour and amplitude envelope vectors by S-transform, an idiographic method for identification of the three types of transient processes was proposed. If there is high frequency component in the voltage signal, the transient process is caused by lightning stroke. If the modified first order central moment BF 0, there is fault, and if BF 0 there is not fault. According to the S-transformed characteristic of bus voltage the different transient type can be identified exactly. The methods of both feature extracting and recognition algorithm were proposed also. The IEEE RBTS-6 as the standard testing system was used to illuminate the run-of-mill principle through the PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results indicate that the proposed method is effective with reasonable accuracy and its accuracy is not affected by fault types, transient resistance condition and fault location. The instrument of the power quality can be equipped on the system to evaluate the wave of the bus voltage, this paper provide the basic theory to distinguish the lightning strikes and the short-circuit fault through the voltage wave observed from the power quality instrument.


In this latest article in his series on electrical safety in the classroom, G.W. Pilliner examines the problems that may arise when using inductive circuits.


It was the most important thing to realize the temptation factor and to investigate the mechanism of slope failure before the prevention works planning. Then, there were very good efficacy depended on the data and parameter of investigation result for undertaking the suitable prevention works planning. In this study, the experimental site was Tai-Shan landslide, which located at the Tseng-Wen reservoir buffer zone in south Taiwan, and was unstable and giving rise to landslide disaster as a result of the intluences of runoff overflow, rainfall infiltration and erosion of gully cutting. This successful example caused slope stability increased by way of efficient and economical prevention works construction such as concrete dam, ditch, drop structures, etc., but part of the slope was induced sliding again owing to the unsuitable road built. Thus, maintenance and management would become more important afterward on landslide area.


The psychosocial well-being of older adults living in nursing homes and the people they are close to is of increasing concern. Nursing home residents demonstrate high rates of loneliness and depression while close family members report feelings of role ambiguity and stress. These issues will become increasingly important as the number of residents rises dramatically. To partially address residents' psychosocial needs, nursing homes that receive federal funds are required by law to provide meaningful and appropriate recreation services. A primary strategy that recreation providers use to meet residents' psychosocial needs is to promote new relationships among them through group programs. While this approach may facilitate some supportive relationships, it also promotes meaningless and detrimental ones as well. Moreover, it omits relationships that are most important to residents-those with close family members and old friends. The liberal use of resident-centered groups is consistent with activity theory, the predominant theoretical framework for recreation services in nursing homes. This theory suggests that high rates of interaction promote affective well-being. Activity theory, however, has been strongly criticized as empirically weak and simplistic. A newer and more empirically robust theory of social interaction, socioemotional selectivity, appears to provide a stronger framework for promoting psychosocial well-being in residents. It suggests that, as time left to cultivate relationships ebbs, affective well-being is associated with contact with important people, not simply frequent interactions. This study examined the relevance of socioemotional selectivity theory to recreation services in nursing homes and explored ways in which it could be used to address the psychosocial needs of residents and their close family/friends. There were four major findings. First, in accordance with socioemotional selectivity theory, residents tended


The invention discloses a horizontal calibration device for a coordinate measuring machine. The horizontal calibration device is characterized in that the device comprises an upright supporting rod which is used for fixing the device on the measuring platform of the coordinate measuring machine and a contact tester which is fixedly connected with the supporting rod, a step is formed at the bottom end of the supporting rod, a positioning sleeve is formed at the top end of the supporting rod, a placing hole is formed in the positioning sleeve, and the contact tester comprises a connecting part which is matched with the placing hole, a main body shell which is arranged at the top end of the connecting part, a contact probe which is arranged at the top end of the main body shell and extends towards a vertical direction, a control circuit which can receive the detection result of the contact probe and an instrument panel which can display the detection result of the contact probe under the control of the control circuit. The horizontal calibration device for the coordinate measuring machine has the beneficial effects that the structure is simple and reliable, the device is convenient and rapid to operate and the coordinate measuring machine can be more intuitively observed and calibrated.


Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds are widely used in current industrial practices for their high efficiency in producing products of very high standards. The study of bed dynamics has become an important concern for the design of fluidized beds. Various parameters like pressure, temperature, gas velocity, mean residence time and solids composition affect the bed behavior. In this view, an experimental study was carried out to determine the influence of gas flow rate, mixing time, solids composition and bed height on mixing/segregation behaviour of the bed of particles. Since fluidized beds involving more than two solids are more frequently encountered in current industrial practices, the experiments were conducted using three solid sand particles of average sizes 231 μm, 335 μm, and 510 μm. Various mixing patterns were observed for different mixing times (10, 20 and 30 minutes), different gas flow rates (7.5, 12.5, 17.5, 22.5 and 27.5 LPM), and different solids ratio. Good mixing occurred at an optimum mixing time of 30 minutes and gas flow rates of 17.5 LPM and 22.5 LPM at all solids ratio. The components exhibited relatively better mixing at intermediate bed heights.


The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of dried leaves of Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum was analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of seventy six compounds, representing 97.5% of the oil were identified. The major constituents of the essential oil were caryophyllene oxide (29.56%), alloaromadendrene oxide-(1) (6.82%), 12-oxabicyclo [9.1.0] dodeca-3,7-diene (5.85%) and 1H-cycloprop[e]azulene (3.49%). High concentration of caryophyllene oxide in the oil suggests its usefulness as natural preservative in food industry. The terpenic and ester compounds could contribute to the aroma of P. cattleianum var. cattleianum .


In view of the water drive later stage of high water cut and rapidly decreasing of sand-gravel reservoirs in old blocks of Karamay oilfield,S72-2,S72-3,S73,S74-1 reservoirs of Qi-zhong area were selected to conduct a chemical combination flooding test.This article shows the development technical limit and development effect of the combination flooding in different well pattern and space through analogical analysis,reservoir engineering analysis,numerical reservoir simulation and tech-economic evaluation.Finally,the well spacing scheme with five spot quadrant area well patterns and 150m injected well spacing was chosen for the combination flooding test in Ke-xia formation reservoir of Qi-zhong area.


Mclterial and method During the spring months of 1965, the Social Research Institute, Copenhagen, interviewed 3,000 married women from urban and rural districts, with respect to the position of the married woman in her home and on the job. The social psychiatric proband population comprises 330 of these women, selected as a representative sample on the following criteria: Married women in the fertile age groups (20-49 years), residing in Greater Copenhagen and having at least one child under 18 living at home a t the time of the first interview. The delimitation was based on the idea that this group of women are particularly exposed to strong and conflicting factors, which make the choice between gainful employment and housework especially difficult and anxietyarousing, thus approaching the problems more stringently. The geographical delimitation to the industrial community of Greater Copenhagen was made in order to maintain irrelevant background variables as constant as possible. The social-psychiatric study is organized in the form of personal interviews in the homes of the probands. The interview is semi-standardized, as I use a form with questions in a fixed order, but ask additional questions, if the proband's reply is obscure, or if she responds emotionally to the question. The questionnaire does not strain the contact but, on the contrary, exerts a constructive and affect-reducing influence on both partners to the interview. I t was a new and very difficult task, but also very instructive to me, to


With higher penetration of renewable energy sources (RES), more combined-cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) will be deployed. These flexible gas-fired generators can provide efficient system reserve to deal with rapid power fluctuation of renewable energy. Therefore, an accurate reserve allocation (RA) on CCGTs is necessary to guarantee efficiency and safety of integrated electricity and natural gas system operation. Traditional RA model ignores the non-dispatchable start-up and shut-down processes of combustion turbines and steam turbines (i.e. transition trajectories) in CCGTs and is less considered about the effect from natural gas system. A novel RA model is proposed considering the effect of transition trajectories of CCGTs, gas-electricity coupling and unit commitment to meet the demand of load and RES forecast error and N-1 contingencies. The simulation results show that transition trajectories and gas load level greatly affect the reserve scheduling of CCGTs.


Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of endovenous radiofrequency obliteration(RFO)in treatment of great saphenous varicosity(GSV). Methods Thirty limbs(24 cases)with greater saphenous varicose veins underwent endovenous RFO with DSA monitoring at the temperature of 85℃ to occlude the whole length of the GSV above the knee. Results Thirty limbs performed RFO with 100% success in technique and the mean time of procedure was 17.8 minutes. Clinical, ultrasound or angiography follow-up were performed from 1 week to 9 months. The lower extremity varicose veins disappeared in 14 limbs and alleviated obviously in 16 limbs. Three cases of leg ulceration were healed. GSV occlusion were found in 25 limbs. The diameters of the GSV decreased in 5 limbs. No severe complications occurred. Conclusion Endovenous RFO for GSV by interventional method has benefits of high successful rate, minimal invasion, short term recovery, no cutaneous scar formation; and could be taken the place of conventional stripping and ligation of GSV partially.


We sought to describe the prevalence, management strategies and evaluate the prognosis of patients with iatrogenic catheter‐induced ostial coronary artery dissection (ICOCAD).


Peat soil is a type of soil that highly consists of organic substance, which is formed from the remains of fully decomposed plants. Peat soil has high water content, high void ratio, and low bearing capacity so that the peat soil is categorized as bad soil for construction. The purposes of this research were to identify the index properties of peat soil, to determine the classification of peat soil, and to determine the subgrade strength of the peat soil from the CBR test. Peat soil Paya Pinang Plantation had high water content (w) of 581.721%, specific gravity (Gs ) of 1.533, void ratio (e) of 2.103, moist unit weight (γd) of 0.549 gr/cm3, dry unit weight (γb) of 0.088 gr/cm3. Based on ASTM D4427-92 the peat soil sample had 22.424 % ash content and organic content of 77.576 %, as a result, the peat soil was classified as High Ash Peat. The peat soil had a pH of 6 and was classified Slightly Acidic because of the pH value between 5.5 and 7. The CBR soaked and unsoaked for three days were 1.222% and 1.505% respectively. Based on the Standard Proctor test, the maximum dry density was 0.474 gr/cm³ and the optimum water content was 37.236%.


Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) is an IgA mediated vasculitis predominantly affecting the pediatric population. This disease may leave a lifelong residual effect on renal system with a propensity for a relapse during pregnancy leading to hypertensive and hemorrhagic complications. We present a case of a patient who had HSP in adulthood and had uncomplicated caesarean delivery under regional anesthesia.


Metabolic abnormalities were identified and carotid intima-media-thickness(IMT)was measured in 221 individuals at risk for metabolic syndrome(MS).The results indicated that IMT was significantly thicker in MS individuals than that in non-MS individuals(P<0.01).And there was a tendency of progressive increase in IMT with increasing components of metabolic syndrome.


ABSTRACT We have analyzed the core RNA polymerase (RNAP) binding activity of the purified products of nine defective alleles of the rpoHgene, which encodes ς32 in Escherichia coli. All mutations studied here lie outside of the putative core RNAP binding regions 2.1 and 2.2. Based on the estimatedKss for the mutant sigma and core RNAP interaction determined by in vitro transcription and by glycerol gradient sedimentation, we have divided the mutants into three classes. The class III mutants showed greatly decreased affinity for core RNAP, whereas the class II mutants' effect on core RNAP interaction was only clearly seen in the presence of ς70 competitor. The class I mutant behaved nearly identically to the wild type in core RNAP binding. Two point mutations in class III altered residues that were distant from one another. One was found in conserved region 4.2, and the other was in a region conserved only among heat shock sigma factors. These data suggest that there is more than one core RNAP binding region in ς32 and that differences in contact sites probably exist among sigma factors.


At a time when China's market is getting closer to internationalization, companies are introducing advanced international management ideas and operating models. A large number of enterprises have begun to implement ERP systems, and a large amount of data will be generated. These four aspects are described in detail in conjunction with the problems that have occurred in the projects that have been implemented in the past, and solutions are proposed in terms of business aspects, technical aspects, operational processes, and requirements management.


An analytical study was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of computerized axial tomography (CT) applications in the diagnosis and follow-up of head and neck disorders in the otorhinolaryngology department of Guantanamo at the General Teaching Hospital "Agostinho Neto" from December 2010 to October 2011. The variables were studied: age, sex, distribution of conditions according to the type and organ affected, as well as the correlation between the clinical, tomographic, surgical and histological diagnosis of the different conditions. There is an efficacy of 100% tomographic diagnosis in laryngeal and ear conditions. The effectiveness of the tomographic diagnosis was of greater prevalence for the salivary glands, followed by the paranasal sinuses. The clinical diagnosis was the parameter that less varied, allowing together with the tomography a better diagnosis of the patients studied.


This paper replicates Leybourne et al. (1998), who propose a Dickey-Fuller type test for unit root that is most appropriate when there is reason to suspect the possibility of deterministic structural change in the series. We find that our replicated results are quite similar to the authors' results. We also make the Ox source code available.


Dr. MacFarlane arranged a visit for me to Harwell, where the Atomic Energy Research Unit is situated in a disused aerodrome. A small pile was working here with a larger unit under construction. It was very pleasing to see the huge amount of constructional work that was in progress at this site. The conclusion was quickly forced upon me that the British were not sleeping upon their atomic research plans. I had a pleasant and instructive day with Dr. J. D. Loutit and Mr. Neary, the physicist. These scientists are working under the Medical Research Council. Discussions centred upon the handling of isotopes for medical and research purposes and the requisite safety precautions to be employed. These workers were most interested in the therapeutic possibilities of radioactive potassium which is readily absorbed from body fluids into body cells, but of its selective absorption little yet is known.


And A) a longitudinal axis (3), the rear end connectable to a drive unit (21), the front end (22), disposed eccentrically parallel to the axis (7) with respect to said longitudinal axis (3) a drive shaft (2) having a pin (6) that is, B) tools or forward end connectable to a tool (23) rear end (24) a second rotational vibration shaft having a (5), C) disposed between said rear end of said front end (22) and said second shaft (5) of the drive shaft (2) (24), rotational movement of the second shaft (5) a transmission device for converting the rotary oscillating movement (1) and, D) the drive shaft (2) and said second shaft (5) the longitudinal axis (3) housing (4 is rotatable around) If, comprises a, wherein E) the transmission device (1) is turning plate (12), housing (4), and pins It comprises a movable lever (9) located in the movable in emissions (6), wherein F) rotating said lever (9) is disposed obliquely relative to the longitudinal axis (3) apparatus for converting the motion into rotational vibratory motion.


Credit management has become an important component of update company inner management, but the effectiveness is not obvious by using available theories. From the angle of "Bounded Rationality", this article firstly analyzes the objective reasons which magnify the risk of credit, then in the light of existing problems, it also puts forward a pattern of credit management controlling and wish that pattern can enlighten the manager how to control the risk of credit effectively.


This paper gives the results of measurements of the absorption coefficients of panels made from birch plywood, using the standardized test procedure of the Acoustical Materials Association. In the range from 128 to 512 cycles measurements were made at interoctave frequencies in order to take account of the marked resonances shown. Effects of thickness of the plywood, of the air space back of the panels, and of absorbent backing were investigated, as well as that of damping material applied to the plywood. Measurements were also made on splayed assemblies of panels placed vertically against the wall of the reverberation chamber. The measurements showed that prefabricated portable panels of the type investigated afford an easily applied means of varying the absorption‐frequency characteristics of rooms of moderate size.


Most existing multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithms only search the global Pareto front of the problem while ignoring the excellent local Pareto front of the problem. To address this issue, an optimization algorithm with population clustering mechanism is proposed to settle multimodal multi-objective problems with local Pareto front. At the first step, a partitioning method is used to divide the total population into main rank and other ranks and a population clustering method is proposed to repartition the entire population into global Pareto front subpopulations and local Pareto front subpopulations. In the second step, each subpopulation evolves independently and the diversity in the objective space and decision space are considered simultaneously. An improved density adaptive adjustment strategy is put forward to enhance the diversity of the population in the decision space. In the experimental part, the algorithm is compared with several other state-of-the-art algorithms using the CEC 2019 MMOPs test case, and the result of the experiment confirm that the algorithm proposed shows excellent performance.


The invention belongs to the technical field of ore pulp sampling in the mineral separation industry, and particularly relates to a movable ore pulp sampling device. The device comprises a fixed sampling device, a double-line rail, a movable bearing device, a fixed weighing device, an ore pulp recycling device, a fixed flushing system and an electric control device. The fixed sampling device is composed of a sampling box, an ore sample feeding and discharging pipe, an upper pipeline control valve and a lower pipeline control valve. The movable bearing device is composed of an ore pulp tank, an annular chute, an overflow funnel, an overflow pipe, a set of overflow ports, an ore pulp liquid level monitoring switch, a tank traveling support, an ore sample discharge pipe and an ore pulp control valve. The fixed weighing device is composed of a fixed foundation platform, a weighbridge, an ore pulp recycling funnel and a sewage recycling funnel. The device integrates ore pulp sampling, ore pulp collecting, ore pulp weighing, ore pulp container cleaning and ore pulp recycling to achieve automatic control, complex work is simplified, time and labor are saved, and the device is convenient and quick to use. Ore pulp samples can be retained at any time, and use value is high.


The dopamine reward prediction error signal is known to be subjective but has so far only been related to explicit external stimuli and rewards. However, personal choices are based on private internal values of the rewards at stake. Without indications of an agent's private internal value, we do not know whether dopamine neurons, or any reward neurons, encode the internal value. The well-established Becker-DeGroot-Marschak (BDM) auction-like mechanism allows participants to place bids for freely stating their private internal value for a good. BDM bids are known to reflect the agent's true internal valuation, as inaccurate bidding results in suboptimal reward ('incentive compatibility'). In our experiment rhesus monkeys placed BDM bids for juice rewards without specific external constraints. Their bids for physically identical rewards varied trial by trial and increased overall for larger rewards. Responses of midbrain dopamine neurons followed the trial-by-trial variation of bids despite constant, explicitly predicted reward amounts; correspondingly, the dopamine responses were similar when the animal placed similar bids for different reward amounts. Support Vector Regression demonstrated accurate prediction of the animal's bids by as few as twenty dopamine neurons, demonstrating the validity of the dopamine code for internal reward value. Thus, dopamine responses reflect the instantaneous internal subjective reward value rather than the value imposed by external stimuli.


The Company's software facilitates electronic payments by providing consumers and companies access to their money. Its products are used to process transactions involving credit cards, debit cards, secure electronic commerce, mobile commerce, smart cards, secure electronic document delivery and payment, checks, high-value money transfers, bulk payment clearing and settlement, and enterprise e-infrastructure. The Company's solutions are used on more than 1,755 product systems in 79 countries on six continents. Visit Transaction Systems Architects, Inc. on the Internet at www.tsainc.com.


The invention relates to an installation method of a ship bow telescopic paddle based on an omega sealing principle. The installation is carried out at the finally-assembling period of fragments, so that the adverse impact on the installation precision of the telescopic paddle caused by the deformation of a ship body after the combination of the fragments at the fragment pre-installation period can be avoided, the installation precision of the telescopic paddle can be guaranteed, and the period for constructing a shipway can be shortened. In addition, the telescopic test of the entire stroke of the telescopic paddle can be completed before a ship enters the water, so that the problem that the ship needs to be returned to the shipway because the telescopic paddle cannot be normally folded and unfolded due to the installation precision or problems of the device can be avoided.


With the development of transportation business in our country,the reinforcement of old bridge increasingly becomes important to transportation protect department.According to the reinforcement of Shijiawan bridge by energy-releasing method which has changed the original reinforcement system of the bridge,and comparative analysis with the load test results, analysis shows that load capability of the bridge has improved much than before.It has enhanced the carrying capacity of the bridge, completeel working order, saved the time and costs, and made notably economic benefits.


Objective To evaluate the fitting of greater taper gutta percha(GP) cones in root canals prepared with two kinds of nickel-titanium(niti) rotary instruments.Methods 40 canals of extracted posterior teeth were divided into two groups according to the size of initial apical file and the canal curvature in mesio-distal direction.The two groups were prepared with either ProTaper or ProFile niti rotary instruments,after which cone-fitting was carried out by inserting the greater taper GP cones of different sizes/tapers into the prepared canal.Results In canals prepared to ProTaper F1,F2 and F3,the fitting rates of size 20,25 and 30/0.06 taper GP cones were 80%,88% and 92%,respectively,which were higher than those of GP cones with one size larger than the Protaper finishing files but of the same taper.The differences were statistically significant(P0.01).In canals prepared to 0.06 taper ProFile size 30 and 40,the highest fitting rates were achieved with the same size/0.04 taper GP cones,which were 83% and 96%,respectively.The fitting rates with GP cones of one size smaller/0.06 taper ranked secondly,the lowest fitting rates came to the GP cones of the same size and same taper,which were 35% and 25%,respectively.The differences were statistically significant(P0.01).Conclusion In canals prepared with greater taper niti rotary instruments,greater taper GP cones with same size/smaller taper or same taper/smaller size as compared with the master apical files fitted well as master GP cones.


During the 1990s, NGC (UK) found that some of the 275 kV cable network was nearing the end of its economic life due to the onset of reinforcing tape corrosion. Initially, it was found that one circuit in Liverpool needed to be replaced in its entirety, then in 1996, investigations concluded that several sections of the St Johns Wood-Tottenham 275 kV cable circuits would need to be replaced within 5 years. Some sections of St Johns Wood-Tottenham circuits have subsequently been replaced along the existing route where it runs in the Regents Canal towpath, however, over 2 km of cable route which needs to be replaced runs through the streets of the Kentish Town area of north London. It was clear from the outset that replacing this cable along the existing route would prove difficult and that all alternatives would need to be considered. A feasibility study was commissioned which identified four potential direct burial routes and three possible tunnel routes. The options were costed and it was judged the tunnel option offered the best long term solution. It was decided to replace one of the circuits in a 2.5 m diameter tunnel that could accommodate the second circuit if required in the future.


The paper deals with the problem of quantum particle storage in a nanolayered structures. The system of a few electrons interacting via a -potential is considered. The particles are placed into a two-dimensional deformed waveguide. From a mathematical point of view, the bound state of the system means that the corresponding Hamiltonian will have eigenvalues. To treat a multi-particle problem, the Hartree-Fock approach and the finite element method are used. Three different types of the perturbation are considered: deformation of the layer boundary, a small window in a wall between two layers and a bent layer. The systems of 2‐10 particles with various total spins are studied. The dependence of the minimal deformation parameter, which keeps bound state on the number of particles, is given. Comparison of the storage efficiencies in those cases is made.


(E)-Alpha,beta-unsaturated esters can be obtained with complete stereoselectivity by reaction of different aldehydes and ethyl dibromoacetate promoted by SmI(2) or CrCl(2). The transformation takes place as two sequential reactions: an aldol-type reaction and a beta-elimination reaction.


A general formulation for the back-scattered field from loaded objects is given. It is shown that small resonant objects produce a much greater back-scattered field than small nonresonant ones. The theory is applied to short dipoles and small loops. The use of small resonant scatterers to measure electric and magnetic fields by scattering techniques is discussed. Resonant scatterers are found to have several advantages over nonresonant scatterers when used for field measurements.


Maritime salvage has evolved over many hundreds of years into a branch of law that operates within the Admiralty jurisdiction of the High Court. Because its roots are based on civilian principles, Admiralty law allows for recovery of benefits conferred outside of contract in cases where the common law would not. Salvage law is a prime example of the Admiralty Court's jurisdiction to place principles of fairness and justice above fixed contractual rules. The Court has the power, conferred both by law and statute, to modify or annul contracts for salvage that are grossly unfair to one party even when the source of the unfairness is the substance of the contract itself. The inherently stressful nature of the circumstances in which salvage contracts tend to be made means the possibility of abuse is always present. Time is often critical, and the consequences of failure to reach a contract can include loss of the entire ship and its cargo, liability for pollution, and even loss of life. To mitigate the pressure on the parties, most salvage agreements allow for the price to be fixed by arbitration after the salvage operation is concluded. The most common contract for major salvage operations is the Lloyds Open Form Salvage Agreement, a standard-form document that can be agreed to by the parties at the incident without the need for protracted negotiation. The Lloyds Open Form (LOF) is an example of a contractual solution to the problems associated with negotiating in a high-stress situation such as salvage. LOF was developed by hull insurers, salvors, and cargo interests to create a contract that would serve all of their interests. The first version was used at the end of the nineteenth century and it has been periodically modified to suit changing circumstances ever since.


The nanoworld has been played a great role in the scientific and technological development in universe. The discovery of nanomaterials such as carbon fullerenes in 1985, carbon nanotubes in 1991 and ordered mesoporous materials in 1992 makes a revolution in the field of nanotechnology [1-4]. Nanomaterials can be differentiated into various categories on the bases of their dimensionality such as one dimensional (nanowire, nanotube), two dimensional (nanosheets), and three dimensional (nanoparticles) etc.


Computers offer opportunities for enhancing undergraduate mechanics instruction. Two approaches utilizing computers in undergraduate mechanics courses at the Ohio State University are presented herein. One approach focuses on requiring students to formulate the equations that define general solutions to classical mechanics problems with variable parameters. Computers are used to solve these equations and plot the results. Students evaluate their results and answer questions based on their solutions. The second use of computers involves mechanics tutorials developed at Ohio State for strength of materials. Tutorials contain theory, examples, and quizzes for students to attempt. Both approaches appear to complement traditional in-class instructional approaches.


Model-based control algorithms for industrial manipulators require the on-line evaluation of robot dynamics and are particularly sensitive to modelling errors. The development of a unifying framework for the analysis and design of model-based robot control strategies is the theme of this paper. In this framework, the practical problems associated with real-time implementation are highlighted and methods to improve the robustness of the closed-loop system are suggested.


The high variability of relativistic (MeV) electron fluxes in the Earth's radiation belts is partly controlled by loss processes involving resonant interactions with electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) and whistler mode waves. But as previous statistical models were generated independently for each wave mode, whether simultaneous electron scattering by the two wave types has global importance remains an open question. Using >3 years of simultaneous Van Allen Probes and THEMIS measurements, we explore the contemporaneous presence of EMIC and whistler mode waves in the same L shell, albeit at different local times, determining the distribution of wave and plasma parameters as a function of L, Kp, and AE. We derive electron lifetimes from observations and provide the first statistics of combined effects of EMIC and whistler mode wave scattering on MeV electrons as a function of L and geomagnetic activity. We show that MeV electron lifetimes are often strongly reduced by such combined scattering.


A nested logit random utility travel cost model is developed for recreational boating in southwest Florida. Using data from a survey of recreational boaters, the model estimates site choice probabilities and compensating variation for changes in boating speed limits. Behavior is modeled as a two-step, discrete-choice process, where boaters first select a launch point for their trailered boats, then select a boating destination based on site characteristics. The results of this particular model are currently being used in policy applications in Florida.


A method of bias adjustment which minimizes the asymptotic mean square error is presented for an estimator typically given by maximum likelihood. Generally, this adjustment includes unknown population values. However, in some examples, the adjustment can be done without population values. In the case of a logit, a reasonable fixed value for the adjustment is found, which gives the asymptotic mean square error smaller than those of the asymptotically unbiased estimator and the maximum likelihood estimator. The weighted-score method, which yields directly the estimator with the minimized asymptotic mean square error, is also given.


We present new Chandra X-ray data of the NGC 1333 embedded cluster and combine these data with existing Chandra data, Spitzer photometry, and ground-based spectroscopy of both the NGC 1333 and Serpens cloud core clusters to perform a detailed study of the X-ray properties of two of the nearest embedded clusters to the Sun. We first present new, deeper observations of NGC 1333 with Chandra ACIS-I and combine these with existing Spitzer observations of the region. In NGC 1333, a total of 95 cluster members are detected in X-rays of which 54 were previously identified in the Spitzer data. Of the Spitzer-identified sources, we detected 23% of the Class I protostars, 53% of the flat-spectrum sources, 52% of the Class II, and 50% of the transition disk young stellar objects (YSOs). Forty-one Class III members of the cluster are identified, bringing the total identified YSO population to 178. The X-ray luminosity functions (XLFs) of the NGC 1333 and Serpens clusters are compared to each other and the Orion Nebula Cluster (ONC). Based on a comparison of the XLFs of the Serpens and NGC 1333 clusters to the previously published ONC, we obtain a new distance for the Serpens cluster of 360+22−13 pc. Using our previously published spectral types, effective temperatures, and bolometric luminosities, we analyze the dependence of the X-ray emission on the measured stellar properties. The X-ray luminosity was found to depend on the calculated bolometric luminosity as in previous studies of other clusters. We examine the dependence of LX on stellar surface area and effective temperature, and find that LX depends primarily on the stellar surface area. In the NGC 1333 cluster, the Class III sources have a somewhat higher X-ray luminosity for a given surface area. We also find evidence in NGC 1333 for a jump in the X-ray luminosity between spectral types of M0 and K7, we speculate that this may result from the presence of radiative zones in the K-stars. The gas column density versus extinction in the NGC 1333 parental molecular cloud was examined using the hydrogen column density determined from the X-ray absorption to the embedded stars and the K-band extinction measured to those stars. In NGC 1333, we find NH = 0.89 ± 0.13 × 1022AK, this is lower than expected of the standard interstellar medium but similar to that found previously in the Serpens cloud core.


Abstract Finding of Two Species from the Tribe Synhimantea (Nematoda, Acuariidae) in the Kyiv Zoological Park. Syrota, Ya. Yu., Kharchenko, V. O., Lyaskivskiy, V. N., Kobylinsky, V. V., Vasylkivska, I. B. - The article presents the description of Desportesius sagitattus (Rudolphi, 1809) and Dispharynx nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) based on original studies of the material collected in the Kyiv Zoo. De. sagitattus was found in Ukraine for the first time. Di. nasuta, found in Grus grus Linnaeus, 1758, is uncommon parasite of this host species. Larvae of Di. nasuta from the intermediate hosts, woodlice Oniscidea spp., are also described.


The present investigation entitled "Genetic diversity association of different quantitative traits in Faba bean ( Vicia faba L.)" was conducted at Student's Instructional Farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture & Technology, Narendra Nagar (Kumarganj), Ayodhya in normal soil under irrigated condition during Rabi 2018-19. The non-hierarchical Euclidean cluster analysis grouped 44 genotypes in to five clusters. The existence of high degree of genetic diversity in the germplasm may serve as valuable source of selecting diverse parents for use in hybridization programme. The highest number of genotypes appeared in cluster I which contained 13 genotypes, cluster III, IV, II and V having 10, 8, 7 and 6 genotypes, respectively. The five clusters in divergence analysis contained genotypes of heterogeneous origin, thereby indicating no parallelism between genetic and geographic diversity. Therefore, crosses between the members of clusters separated by high inter-cluster distance are likely to throw desirable sergeants. In this context maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster V and cluster III followed by cluster V and cluster I. However, maximum intra-cluster distance was observed in cluster V followed by cluster IV. The different clusters showed considerable differences in intra-cluster group means of eleven characters and genotypes having distinctly different mean performance for various characters were separated into different clusters.


Background : Under Weight is a health problem that occurs in developing countries like Indonesia. The prevalence of malnutrition nationally as much as 19.6%. The prevalence of under weight in Central Java 18% and in CHC Ngawen 14.8%. Objective: To describe the effect of nutritional assistance based on affect of mothers knowledge and feeding practices for children under weight 6-24 months age in CHC of Ngawen Blora. Methods: There was a quasi-experimental design pre and post test control group gesign with 38 samples. The intervention group received nutrition assistance for 1 month with 3 sessions (intensive, reinforcement, self). Data analysis used Annova Repeated Measure. Results: The average knowledge of the mother before and after assistance, was 78.0 and 89.26. The average of feeding practice before and after assistance was 70.62 and 85.6. Conclusion: There were differences in the knowledge scores of mothers and provision of complementary feeding practices between the control and intervention groups after being given assistance (p=0.094 and p = 0.073). Research for the effect of nutrition assistance program should be implemented to the nutritional status of children 6-24 months ages malnutrition


Born-Oppenheimer potential-energy curve and adiabatic corrections for the 4s $^{3}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{\mathit{g}}^{+}$ state of the hydrogen molecule have been computed using an explicitly correlated wave function in elliptic coordinates. It is shown that, in contrast to the Born-Oppenheimer results, the adiabatic potential-energy curve for this state is characterized by a double-minimum function. The energies of the vibrational levels and rotational constants have also been computed. Large and irregular differences have been found between thoeretical and experimental results.


This study presents the results of eight years of extension actions carried out by PROJIR Income Tax Project. Involving students and teachers of the Accounting Sciences Course of the Accounting Department of UEPG, the project, created in 2008, has multidisciplinary characteristics, including teachers trained in more than one area of knowledge, notably Law, an important field of knowledge, which allied to the of Accounting Sciences contributes to achieve the objectives and demands of the Project. The results show that, during its eight years of existence, PROJIR has provided over 1,760 Individual Income Tax-related visits to the internal and external community of UEPG. In addition, they highlight the performance of different activities and actions related to the fulfillment of the tax obligations of income tax returners (IR), as well as those related to their rights in terms of tax refunds and refunds and also installments of any debts. The results and statistics of PROJIR's eight years of activities and the qualitative aspects derived from the evaluations of the beneficiaries of the project demonstrate that, despite limitations in terms of physical space, the purposes of this important extension project have been fully achieved, justifying therefore its continuity.


Psoriasis is a genetically determined multifactorial disease that affects about 2% of the population. According to modern concepts of this disease, the level of comorbid diseases, especially those associated with damage to the cardiovascular system, is high. This article presents a clinical case of severe disseminated psoriasis vulgaris, progressive stage, mixed form in a patient with a very high cardiovascular risk. The uniqueness of this clinical case lies in the combined course of psoriasis and such comorbid diseases as: severe hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperuricemia. The main clinical manifestations were the presence of widespread lesions on the patient's skin, episodes of discomfort behind the sternum during physical activity, as well as destabilization of blood pressure numbers (maximum rise to 180/100 mm Hg). As part of the hospitalization in the skin clinic, the patient underwent topical ointment therapy with the use of glucocorticoid ointments, ointments containing salicylic acid, PUVA therapy, as a result of which the skin process showed positive dynamics with regression of lesions by 90-100% with an outcome in residual hyperpigmentation, no new lesions were noted. During hospitalization to a therapy department, the optimal antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, uricosuric, hypoglycemic therapy was selected, as a result of which it was possible to achieve an improvement in the patient's condition, stabilization of blood pressure at the level of 130-140/70 mm Hg. So patients with psoriasis require careful assessment of cardiovascular risk in clinical practice. A multidisciplinary approach will not only improve the quality of life of patients, reduce the likelihood of major cardiovascular events, but also increase life expectancy and reduce mortality.


Submission of Invited/Special Session Proposals: November 1, 2021 Submission of Manuscripts (Oral): November 22, 2021 Submission of Manuscripts (Poster): January 17, 2022 Notification of Acceptance (Oral): January 13, 2022 Notification of Acceptance (Poster): February 1, 2022 Final Submission of Manuscripts: February 14, 2022 Deadline for Early Registration: February 14, 2022 Technical Topics Sensing Sensors and Advanced Sensing Techniques Signal Processing Techniques Diagnosis and Monitoring Techniques Vision System Sensor Fusion and Sensor Network Actuation Actuators and Electrical Machines Advanced Actuation Techniques Motor Drive Techniques Applications Diagnosing and Monitoring Industrial Applications Call for Papers The Industry Applications Society of the Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan (IEEJ) is pleased to announce that the 8th IEEJ international workshop on Sensing, Actuation, Motion Control, and Optimization (SAMCON2022) will be held in Saitama, Japan during March 8th-10th, 2022. It will provide a unique opportunity for engineers, researchers and academicians to discuss current developments and future prospects on sensing, actuation, motion control, and optimization technology. High quality selected papers will be considered for publication in a focused issue in the IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications.


A computationally simple and accurate algebraic approximation of the well function for large diameter wells is proposed. This approximation can be used to calculate drawdown in a large diameter well due to steady pumping. Using this approximation, a method is proposed for calculating drawdowns in large diameter wells due to unsteady pumping discharge. The proposed method is also applicable for calculating residual drawdowns in large diameter wells. In principle, the proposed method that uses the approximation of the well function should yield more accurate results than the previously proposed kernel methods.


The premaximum spectrum of a Large Magellanic Cloud nova is described. The emission-line spectrum appears to correspond to a phase about 5 magnitudes below maximum. The nova showed an unusually rapid decline of 0.5 mag per day at the time of discovery after maximum.


Abstract
Purpose
This chapter examines how the intersection of race, class, and gender impact the experiences of Black women and their children within a broader socio-historical context.

Methodology/approach
The epistemological framework of feminist criminology and the invisibility of Black women are used to draw an analysis on the American dominant ideology and culture that perpetuates the racial subjugation of Black women and the challenges they have faced throughout history as it relates to the mother-child dynamic and the ideals of Black motherhood.

Findings
By conceptually examining the antebellum, eugenics, and mass incarceration eras, our analysis demonstrated how the racial subjugation of Black women perpetuated the parental separation and the ability for Black women to mother their children and that these collective efforts, referred to as the New Jane Crow, disrupt the social synthesis of the black community and further emphasizes the need for more efforts to preserve the mother/child relationship.

Originality/value
Based on existing literature, there is a paucity of research studies that examine the effects of maternal incarceration and the impact it has on their children. As a part of a continuous project we intend to further the discourse and examine how race and gender intersect to impact the experiences of incarcerated Black women and their children through a socio-historical context.


This paper first deduces an accurate tension model for gravure press, and then shows the performance curves adopted in practice application of a tension controller.


The purpose of the study was to determine if standardized math test scores improve by administering different types of exercise during math instruction. Three sixth grade classes were assessed on the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) and the Minnesota Comprehensive Assessment (MCA) standardized math tests during the 2012 and 2013 academic year. The MAP standardized test was given at the beginning and end of the academic year. The MCA test was given every spring. The classes used the same math curriculum. Each class had a different math teacher, but each teacher taught the same class all year. One math classroom (n=23) did no physical exercise during instruction, another (n=29) conducted two 5-min physical activity breaks during each math period, and the third math classroom (n=29) always sat on stability balls. A one-way ANOVA was computed for both MAP and MCA improvement scores across the three classrooms to determine if exercise affected standardized math test scores. MAP improvement scores were significantly higher for the class that sat on stability balls (mean = 11.6, SD = 6.9) when compared to the sedentary class (M = 5.5, SD = 7.0). MCA improvement scores were also significantly higher for the stability ball class (M = 104.9, SD = 19.7) when compared to the class that conducted activity breaks (M = 92.6, SD = 7.4). The results indicate that stability balls may provide better focus for learning than short duration vigorous physical activity or no physical activity during math instruction.  Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */
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By analyzing the current phase compensation method from delta to star connection, it is showed that the compensated differential current cannot reflect the characteristics of magnetizing current, when a transformer is energized. Furthermore, using the Matlab power system toolbox to simulate the magnetizing inrush current when a transformer YN, d11 switching on without load, the effects of two kinds of current phase compensation methods, from delta to star and from star to delta connection, on the ratio of second harmonic based scheme against the inrush current are compared. The calculation results show that the former has no advantage over the later on distinguishing the inrush, and split-phase blocking the differential should not be adopted for all of them. The cause of symmetric inrush is analyzed, and the simulation results show that the ratio of second harmonic in the symmetric inrush is not lower than that in the asymmetric inrush. Based on the comparison, the reliability of blocking scheme is improved by using the phase current without compensation to calculate the ratio of second harmonic. Furthermore it is proposed that using the comprehensive ratio of second harmonic to block the differential protection in all-phase and the open scheme to open the protection after a time delay can improve the operation speed of protection when the transformer is switched on with a short-circuit fault.


AIM
To identify and characterize strategies, which contribute to the prevention of urinary tract infection (UTI) in older people living in care homes.

DESIGN
The realist synthesis has four iterative stages to (1) develop initial programme theory; (2) search for evidence; (3) test and refine theory supported by relevant evidence and (4) formulate recommendations. Data from research articles and other sources will be used to explore the connection between interventions and the context in which they are applied in order to understand the mechanisms, which influence the outcomes to prevent UTI.

METHODS
A scoping search of the literature and workshops with stakeholders will identify initial programme theories. These theories will be tested and refined through a systematic search for evidence relating to mechanisms that trigger prevention and recognition of UTI in older people in care homes. Interviews with key stakeholders will establish practical relevance of the theories and their potential for implementation.

DISCUSSION
UTI is the most commonly diagnosed infection in care home residents. Evidence on the effectiveness of strategies to prevent UTI in long-term care facilities does not address the practicality of implementing these approaches in UK care homes. The realist synthesis is designed to examine this important gap in evidence.

IMPACT
Our evidence-informed programme theory will help inform programmes to improve practice to reduce the incidence of UTI in older people living in care homes and related research. Patient and public involvement will be crucial to ensuring that our findings reach carers and the public.

PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION
Involvement of patient and public representatives is embedded throughout the study to ensure it is underpinned by multiple perspectives of importance to care home residents. Our co-investigator representing patient and public involvement is a lay member of the team and will chair the Project Advisory Group, which has two additional lay members. This will help to ensure that our findings and resources reach carers and the public and represent their voice in our publications and presentations to professional and lay audiences.


Please cite this paper as: Zacharin M. Disorders of ovarian function in childhood and adolescence: evolving needs of the growing child. An endocrine perspective. BJOG 2010;117:156–162.


Using economical principles, this article analyses the economic featur e of environmental capacity. On the basis of this, the feasibility and necessity of the environmental capacity are put forward At the same time, this article analyses the role of government in the trade-permitted market


We investigate the expected cosmological constraints from a combination of cosmic shear and large-scale galaxy clustering using realistic photometric redshift distributions. Introducing a systematic bias in the lensing distributions (of 0.05 in redshift) produces a >2σ bias in the recovered matter power spectrum amplitude and dark energy equation of state for preliminary Stage III surveys. We demonstrate that cosmological error can be largely removed by marginalizing over biases in the assumed weak-lensing redshift distributions. Furthermore, the cosmological constraining power is retained despite removing much of the information on the lensing redshift biases. This finding relies upon high-quality redshift estimates for the clustering sample, but does not require spectroscopy. All galaxies in this analysis can thus be assumed to come from a single photometric survey. We show that this internal constraint on redshift biases arises from complementary degeneracy directions between cosmic shear and the combination of galaxy clustering and shear–density cross-correlations. Finally we examine a case where the assumed redshift distributions differ from the truth by more than a simple uniform bias. We find that the effectiveness of this self-calibration method will depend on the survey details and the nature of the uncertainties on the estimated redshift distributions.


Mencius Zhushu was the first annotation on Mencius recorded in the North-Song Dynasty. Though Sun Shi was the signed author, it has been believed by many scholars to be faked. This article makes some further textual research on the base of previous scholars and holds that it lacks evidence for the previous scholars to declare Mencius Zhushu not to be Sun Shi's works on the basis of just several evidences. We can just save our doubt on Mencius Zhushu's author unless more direct and unquestionalbe evidence is found. As far as current material is concerned, it lacks evidence no matter to declare Mencius Zhushu to be Sun Shi's works or not. This article also elaborates on Mencius Zhushu's value and influence in the study history of Mencius, as well as the accomplishment of Sun Shi's study on Mencius.


In domestic PWR nuclear power plants zirconium alloys are used for fuel rod cladding, and these can be ruptured when excessive plastic deformation is occurred during a postulated loss-of-coolant accident (LOCA) [1]. And if many numbers of fuel rods in the core were ruptured, fragmented and pulverized fuel pellets could be dispersed into the core. Unfortunately, these can impair the core coolability because they may be acting as debris. In this point of view, these phenomena were factorized as one of the modeling requirements in newly developed Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) acceptance criteria, proposed by KINS [2]. Along with this requirement, audit methodology for prediction of core-wide fuel rod burst fraction is under developing as a part of safety research program [3]. One of the methodology developed till now is developing a power to burst curve within licensing fuel burnup domain [4]. This approach is developed successfully with the aids of fuel performance code, FRAPTRAN [5], and statistical treatment for the given uncertainty parameters. Fig. 1 shows the schematics of developed methodology. By utilizing this procedure, the authors have constructed the power to burst curve, and evaluated fuel rod failure fraction preliminarily. And important uncertainty parameters to rod burst have been identified. In the methodology, related to the thermalhydraulic (TH) uncertainty, three parameters such as heat transfer coefficient (HTC), pressure and temperature of coolant were considered. And one of the most influencing parameters among fuel performance and TH uncertainties is attributed to the HTC of coolant. This means the uncertainty of TH is very important to the rod burst analysis. However, utilized TH uncertainty in previous work is rather simple and assumed ones due to the limitation of FRAPTRAN code. Thereby, assessment of rod burst power by considering more detailed system TH uncertainty during LOCA is strongly required. In this paper, best-estimate fuel rod burst power during LOCA with different hot assembly power conditions, and impacts of TH uncertainty on the power were evaluated by the integrated code of FRAPTRAN and MARS. As a part of audit methodology development program, KINS has been developing an integrated code between US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) fuel performance code, FRAPTRAN and system thermal-hydraulic code, MARS-KS [3].