The principle of the three dimensional fracture analysis software FRANCE3D(Fracture Analysis Code in 3Dimensions) on fatigue crack growth is introduced,and the actual surface crack growth on overlay of the hot-wall hydrogenation reactor was analyzed by FRANCE3D.The results of numerical simula-tion were compared with that of the experiment data.The results show that the surface crack growth path ob-tained by numerical simulation is same to that by experiment basically;and compared with the result of ex-periment,the crack growth rate got by FRANC3D is more conservative than the experimental data in the ser-vice-life of hydrogenation reactor.


I agree that greater transparency is needed between the medical profession and industry,1 2 but the protracted pace at which such changes have been welcomed by both parties is disappointing.

Almost seven years ago, and in line with changing perceptions, some colleagues and I embarked on a similar attempt to improve the relationship between doctors and industry in Australia. We established an independent, transparent agency for healthcare professionals with industry sponsored commitments. Once registered, people were free to redirect industry requests to the agency …


PURPOSE: An image data management apparatus and method thereof are provided to easily offer detail information for data by including the information of contact location and providing address. CONSTITUTION: A camera unit(140) captures images. A control unit(110) extracts context from the image. The control unit displays a display unit(160) from data related to the context allocated by each category. The control unit displays additional information for the image on the display unit by combining the related data with the displayed context.


Abstract : We are reporting the first known isolation of the Q-fever agent Coxiella burnetii from field-collected cayenne ticks Amblyomma cajennense in North America. Q-fever affects a number of domestic ungulates where it can lead to abortion in sheep and goats. There is far less known about the disease's effects on wild species, primarily because of the tendency of the disease to self resolve and to provide long-term immunity to subsequent infections. The first recovery of C. burnetii in North America was from the tick species Dermacentor andersoni. Since the original isolation C. burnetii has been recovered from five other North American tick species. The currently accepted mode for the majority of human infections is inhalation. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch asserts the Q-fever agent as requiring as few as one organism to cause disease via inhalation in susceptible humans. However, with more and more isolations from ticks, evidence linking C. burnetii and ticks is mounting. The true role of tick species as competent vectors is still unconfirmed. Preemptive field collections of possible vector arthropods, hosts, and reservoirs can provide invaluable baseline environmental data that will prove supportive in follow-up studies and abatement efforts.


We examine exterior approximation schemes for the numerical solution of quasi-variational inequalities arising in the optimal switching control of stochastic systems.


In this paper,the design of distributed network measuring temperature based on multiple channel DS1621 digital temperaure sensor and CAN bus is introduced.


Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is abbreviated as ADPKD which is one of the most common, life-threatening genetic diseases which is characterized by fluid-filled cysts develop and enlarge in both kidneys result in kidney failure.  Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease is result of mutations in the  PKD1  and  PKD2 gene. ADPKD  is the fourth leading cause of kidney failure. In this condition more than 50 percent of people suffered with ADPKD and it results in develop kidney failure by age 50 and is a painful disease that impacts will be every worst on quality of life.  The average size of an affected kidney is a human fist. Polycystic kidneys can grow as large as a football, and weighing up to 30 pounds each. The most common symptoms are pain in the back and the sides and headaches. Other symptoms include liver and pancreatic cysts, urinary tract infections, abnormal heart valves,  high blood pressure, kidney stones, brain aneurysms, and diverticulitis.  Dialysis or kidney transplant is the only options to treat ADPKD.


In order to comparatively analyzing the effect of exploring the unusual geologic bodies with different devices of high-density electrical method,the authors forward calculated the resistivitiy of different devices and inversed the two-dimension resistivity adding noise through building high resistance anomalous body and latent erected low resistance geoelectric model.The inversion results of various devices show:when high resistance anomalous body is explored underground,wennerα,βandγdevices are better than others in exploring anomalous location and shape;for latent erected low resistance body,the wennerβand three-pole devices have good prospecting effect with the best device is wennerβ.The experiment indicate that wennerα,wennerβand wennerγdevices perform their advantages in exploring underground air-raid shelter and verify the correctness of conclusion from theoretical modeling.


A collaborative inquiry group at a rural midwestern university sought to support and challenge those teaching or preparing to teach online courses through self-study of teaching practices. The group's purpose was to create a community of scholar-practitioners who systematically study their online teaching in a supportive community while sharing ideas, developing professionally, and producing scholarship of teaching that could be shared with university stakeholders during a time of institutional change. In this paper, the self-study research group reflects on three academic years of collaborative inquiry in response to the question, "How has identifying care as a transdisciplinary value impacted our communication with one another as researchers and communication in our teaching practices?" Drawing from examples in each of our disciplines, we describe how care became a common thread woven through the group's interaction and collaboration.


Abstract Although eastward propagation has long been considered one of the essential features of the Madden-Julian waves, recent observations have revealed a stationary or quasi-stationary component in the oscillations, particularly in measures of the diabatic heating rate. Wave-CISK theories of the low-frequency oscillations have struggled to explain the observed period and vertical structure of the waves. On the other hand, theoretical and numerical studies have shown that low-frequency waves strongly resembling the observed oscillations can be excited by specified low-frequency oscillations of the convective heating. A problem with the latter set of theories is that the cause of the oscillatory heating has not been satisfactorily explained. It is proposed here that the observed low-frequency wave motions are the response to forcing by an essentially stationary, self-excited oscillating heat source that is produced by nonlinear interactions among radiation, cumulus convection, and the surface fluxes of ...


Ridge, Jackknifed ridge and many other estimators have been proposed to overcome effects of multicollinearity on ordinary least squares (OLS) estimator in multiple linear regression. In this paper, we discuss the performance of Jackknifed ridge regression (JRR) over the ridge regression and OLS estimators in sense of residuals. We also illustrate the results with numerical examples based on Hald data, data generated by Hoerl and Kennard (1981), and a simulation study is done.


Financing of housing delivery by government is a pivot to sustaining development. Housing by nature has become an economic tool fostering Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of developed countries like Britain and United States of America. In Nigeria, housing finance suffered shortage of funds; corruption, low number of committed financial institutions, and the Federal Mortgage Bank of Nigeria (FMBN) has not made it easy for other institutions to access funds. This paper examined the role of government in financing housing and the challenges associated with it. It discovered that the finance system used by government has not been effective, and there is politicisation of governmental activities. The paper concluded by recommending ways of addressing the challenges encountered in the process such as creating enabling environment for investors, provision of necessary funds for housing and promoting housing business to mention a few. Keywords: Housing Finance, Government, Finance, National Housing Policy, Housing Finance System


positions in the right ventricular outflow tract for ventricular pacing. Methods and Results: During our participation in an international multicenter study, we randomized 30 patients with standard indications for permanent dual-chamber pacing to alternate site pacing with the use of a new, thin and compact, active fixation and steroid-eluting pacing lead and a steerable guiding catheter system. The study group comprised 18 men and 12 women, with a mean age of 70±12 years, afflicted by sick sinus syndrome (n=6), Mobitz II or complete atrioventricular block (n=22) or both (n=2). The randomized pacing sites included the interatrial septum/high anterior right ventricular outflow tract (n=15) and the coronary sinus ostium/low septal right ventricular outflow tract (n=15). Implantation of the pacing system with the use of novel technology leads assisted by a steerable catheter system was successful in 28 patients (93%). There was one complication (pneumothorax) not related to the pacing system. Intraoperative measurements yielded an atrial pacing threshold of 0.7± 0.5V/0.5 ms, ventricular pacing threshold of 0.4±0.2V/0.5 ms, atrial impedance of 690±106 o and ventricular impedance of 807±193 o, a P wave amplitude of 2.8±1 mV and R wave amplitude of 15±5.5 mV. Pacing parameters remained excellent during predischarge measurements, and at 2 weeks, 1 and 3 months of follow-up in all but two patients. During follow-up, in one patient an increase of ventricular pacing threshold was observed and in a second patient there was inappropriate ventricular capture from the atrial electrode at the coronary sinus os. Conclusions: Alternate site, permanent cardiac pacing is feasible with high success (over 90%) with the use of a novel lead and guiding catheter pacing system without complications; the excellent pacing measurements obtained intraoperatively are maintained during short-term follow-up in the majority of patients.


The objective of this study was to monitor and model the texture changes of foxtail millet extrudates with different structural properties as a function of water activity ( a w ). Four extrudates, after equilibrated at a w of 0.113-0.97, were compressed using a TA.XT2 Texture Analyzer. Two force-related texture parameters, Peak Force (PF) and Total Work (TW) and two jaggedness-related, Number of Spatial Ruptures (NSR) and Specific Ling Length (SLL), were extracted from their force-displacement curves. Water sorption led to loss of jaggedness of their force-displacement curves. All the four texture parameters decreased when a a w increased to a certain value. Before the decrease occurring, TW and PF increased for all the extrudates with a a w increase, while SLL increase was observed only for two extrudates and no NSR increase was observed for all extrudates. The critical water activity ( a wc ) where texture parameters decreased rapidly ranged between 0.42 and 0.83 depending mainly on the kinds of the extrudates and to some extent on the texture parameters studied. The extrudates with coarse structure exhibited lower force-related values, while the extrudates with fine structure exhibited lower jaggedness-related values. Crispness index, a combination of force- and jaggedness-related texture criteria, decreased almost linearly as a a w increase up to 0.61~0.66 for all the extrudtes. The Peleg-Fermi equation can satisfactorily model the changes in jaggedness-related texture parameters as a function of a w . A modified form of the Peleg-Fermi equation, proposed in this study, was needed to model the changes of force-related parameters better.


To the Editor: We read with great interest the article by Saito et al1 concerning the efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell (ABM-MNC) transplantation in patients with Fontaine III and IV thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) as a last treatment option, which appeared in the August 2007 issue of the Journal. In this unblinded pilot study, 14 patients were treated by ABM-MNC therapy.1 Symptomatic improvement was observed for at least 24 weeks without complications. 1 The investigators are to be commended for their careful follow-up and for using laser Doppler blood flow analysis in their series. Nevertheless, we feel that certain issues must be addressed. Over the past decade, tremendous excitement and controversy in the field of regenerative medicine and cellular therapeutic strategies for angiogenesis have taken place.2 Contrary to the authors' suggestion about publishing the first report of ABM-MNC therapy for patients with TAO that was uncontrolled with optimal treatment, our study consisting of 28 TAO patients with critical limb ischemia who underwent ABM-MNC implantation between April 2003 and August 2005 and a comparison of the results with saline-infused control limbs appeared in the October 2006 issue of the Journal of Vascular Surgery. 3 One of our inclusion criteria was unresponsive clinical condition to smoking cessation 6 months before ABM-MNC implantation whereas 2–3 weeks were sufficient for Saito and colleagues. Two weeks of smoking cessation may not be adequate to evaluate clinical unresponsiveness; clinical improvement throughout the study duration can be related to smoking cessation rather than to the effect of cell therapy. The diagnosis of TAO in their series was based on the criteria proposed by the Committee for Buerger's disease of the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare. However, the duration between diagnosis and ABM-MNC implantation it is not clear nor whether Saito et al performed C-reactive protein, antinuclear, anticentromere and antiphospholipid antibodies, rheumatoid factor, Scl-70, fibrinogen, complement measurements, serum homocysteine, hypercoagulability screen, Holter monitoring, and transthoracic echocardiography at the baseline evaluation. Moreover, it is essential that the investigators demonstrate treatment variables after diagnosis and whether they considered parenteral administration of PGE-1 or iloprost for 7–28 days to reduce ischemic pain and facilitate ulcer healing prior to cell therapy, which was recommended in the ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines.4 We also believe that representative digital subtraction angiograms (baseline vs follow-up) would have been useful to demonstrate new collateral formation. Mean follow-up in our series after ABM-MNC implantation was 16.6±7.8 months (range 7.6–33.8 months), and follow-up was 100% complete, whereas 3 patients in their series rejected re-evaluation at 24 weeks. Furthermore, our findings suggested that self-reported smoking status did not correlate with cotinine-indicated smoking status. Overall, the results of our study suggested that ABM-MNC implantation in ischemic limbs of patients with TAO was associated with improved exercise performance, quality of life, ankle– brachial pressure index, pain control, and augmentation of collateral formation at 24 weeks in 78% of patients. More importantly, no patient in our series experienced periprocedural complications and remained free of a major amputation, malignant ventricular arrhythmias, arteriovenous shunt or teratoma formation, retinopathy observed in funduscopic examinations, or sudden death. The investigators' patient selection, endpoints and the safety profile results were somewhat similar to those of our study. In conclusion, cell therapy could be useful as a novel strategy for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with endstage peripheral vascular disease. Indeed, careful long-term monitoring is essential after cell-based therapies and both clinical improvement and adverse events should be cautiously interpreted. The researchers should make every effort to maintain dialogue that will help to reach a definitive consensus on patient selection criteria, clinical endpoints and how to monitor adverse events after cell-based therapies.


When making perforation scheme, lots of expertise and experience would be taken into consideration. In this paper, the data-driven knowledge system is introduced. Through the design of data format and corresponding algorithm, the knowledge reasoning could be achieved effectively. The model described in this paper could be referred to when developing other knowledge system for its flexible operation.


Chronic non communicable diseases were interlinked with inflammation and infections should response to starting core of major diseases in both acute and chronic conditions. In drug discovery, development of a drug which acts as anti-infective agents (anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory) must be ideal and challenging for management of many chronic diseases.

In this study, six lead pyrazoline hybrids were synthesized by cyclization of chalcones and characterized by various spectroscopic and elemental analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity by computational tools and biological evaluation.

Synthesized pyrazoline analogues were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and evaluated for prediction of pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties and Molecular docking studies of various targeted enzymes on microbial and inflammatory mediators. Those compounds were screened by anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory activities by several in-vitro and in-vivo methods.

The synthesized compounds (A1-A6) were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in which compound A2 produced effective percentage inhibition (45.8 %) potent activity compared with that of standard indomethacin (49.7 %) in carrageenan paw edema method were observed. The anti-microbial activity was screened on synthesized compounds, among which A3 [2-(1,3-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) phenol, A2 [5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole] produced potential percentage zone of inhibition between 80 - 70 % for bacterial strains and 94 - 89 % for fungal strains were observed. The minimum inhibitory concentration values of those compounds were 1.56 to 6.25 µg/ml for bacterial strains and 1.56 to 12.5 µg/ml for fungal strains were noted compared with the standard gatifloxacin and clotrimazole, respectively. The molecular docking, pharmacokinetics and toxicity predictions on those compounds were supported further for the development of potent anti-infective agents.

The hypothesis of this research was correlated with the results of anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial activity. The binding interactions of respective enzymes were coincided with reduction of paw edema in anti-inflammatory model and zone of inhibition in anti-microbial activity were observed.


Sound source localization is a natural phenomena enabling Normal Hearing listeners(NH) to di erentiate and utilize auditory information. A particular case being the cocktail party e ect where a NH listener is able to hear the voice of a relevant talker amid a noisy environment. This ability to localize a sound is limited or sometimes non existent in hearing impaired individuals and is most likely to get worse with age. Studies have investigated and concluded that older hearing impaired(HI) individuals have di culty in sound source localization. However little literature is available on the sound source localization by Cochlear Implantees(CI) and it is known by the experience of CI that they pose a strong challenge in distinguishing between sound sources. The aim of the thesis is to present Auditory Source Width(ASW) perception thresholds in CI and NH. Auditory Source Width is an attribute of sound which parameterizes sound source perception by an individual. When one is sitting in an opera house listening to a solo by a soprano the voice of the signer is the only source of music. After a moment when a philharmonic orchestra fills the opera house with the symphony what one perceives is no longer a point sound source. Instead orchestra is a sound source which produces an auditory e ect perceived to be broader than the soprano alone. CI and NH listeners participated in ASW threshold experiments conducted in a free field audiometry lab comprising a loudspeaker array of 31 speakers. Signals of varying ASW were presented through the loudspeaker array. Subsequently participants were asked to choose the stimuli which they perceived as the broadest of all. The ASW threshold results establish that CI have a very limited ability in perceiving auditory source width.


Recent literature has explored the relationship between efficiency-adjusted public capital and economic growth. A debate on whether capital grants, and especially EU funds actually contribute to growth has gained prominence lately. This paper empirically assesses the relationship between the quality of public investment, capital grants, and growth in a sample of 43 emerging and peripheral economies over 1991-2015. To this end, the contribution of public capital to growth is estimated using efficiency-adjusted public capital stock series, constructed reflecting the quality of public investment management institutions. In addition, the determinants of effective public investment are analyzed. The results suggest that capital grants contribute positively to effective public investment, and the latter is significant in explaining variations in economic growth. Finally, the paper illustrates the impact of raising EU funds absorption on potential growth in emerging and peripheral EU countries.


Brome mosaic virus (BMV) is a multipartite, positive-sense RNA virus that encapsidates its RNAs in three separate virions. Hoover et al. (p. 7748 –7760) demonstrate that subsets of the virions have coat proteins with distinct phosphorylation patterns, with consequences for interactions with the encapsidated RNAs and their stability and structures. Virion phosphorylation also influences the timing of BMV protein accumulation and RNA replication. This study reveals a new aspect of the regulation of BMV infection that has striking parallels to nucleosome regulation of chromatin.


Article history: Received December 28, 2013 Accepted 24 March 2014 Available online March 29 2014 During the past 65 years, there have been tremendous efforts on portfolio selection problem. The standard Markowitz mean–variance model to portfolio selection includes tracing out an efficient frontier, a continuous curve demonstrating the tradeoff between return and risk. This frontier can be often detected via standard quadratic programming, categorized in convex optimization. Traditional Markowitz problem has been recently extended into a new form of mixed integer nonlinear problems by considering various constraints such as cardinality constraints, industry limitation, etc. This paper proposes a mixed integer nonlinear programming to determine optimal asset allocation on Tehran Stock Exchange. The results have indicated that a petrochemical firm named Farabi has gained 44% of the portfolio followed by a drug firm named Kosar Pharmacy gaining 28%. In addition, banking sector was the third winning firm where Eghtesad Novin bank gained nearly 10% of the portfolio. Minerals and mining firms were the next sector in our portfolio where Gol Gohar Iron Ore and Tehran Cement collected 0.73% and 0.57% of the portfolio, respectively. In our survey, auto industry gained only 0.26% of the portfolio, which belonged to Saipa group. © 2014 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


A magnetic head of a tape recorder is turned over 180 DEG upon each change-over of the running direction of a magnetic tape so as to effect the change-over from one playback track to another or from one recording track to another. A tapered surface is formed on at least one of a turning member with the magnetic head mounted thereon and a bearing member with the turning member supported turnably thereon. An urging means such as spring or solenoid is provided to urge the turning member in the axial direction thereof, whereby the tapered surface is maintained in contact with the associated member.


Summary This paper describes the content of the joint research project "Development of LiDAR measurement techniques for the German offshore test site" and its first results. The objective is to develop reliable and standardised remote sensing techniques for various new applications in the wind energy community and to support other RAVE 1 projects at the German offshore test site "alpha ventus". The first measurement campaign dealt with the comparison of wind parameters measured by common anemometry in a height of up to 103 m and LiDAR data measured up to 220 m height. The first results show very good agreement when the two techniques are compared as to wind speed, wind direction and power curve determination at a 5 MW wind turbine. The status of the development of a wind field scanner for nacelle-based LiDAR measurements is described and an outlook to the forthcoming work is given.


This paper shows that there are m_1+m_2+…+m_n-n vertex-disjoint routes between any two nodesxandy,with length less than or equal to H(x,y)+2 in n-dimension Generalized Hypercube networks Q(m_1,m_2,…,m_n) in which there exists H(x,y) routes betweenxandywith length equal to H(x,y).here H(x,y) denotes Hamming distance betweenxandy.Based on this kind of topological structure,the issue of fault-tolerance routes is discussed in n-dimension Generalized Hypercube networks.When there are many faulty nodes,there is a feasible route arriving or approaching the optimum route if there exist fewer faulty nodes in one of the (n-1)-dimension Generalized Hypercubes.


Using Hitchcock's MacGuffin as a theme, I discuss the dynamics between client and lawyer when the client so obsesses over the issue driving him that he persuades (or attempts to persuade) the lawyer to do things that are inadvisable from the lawyer's point of view.


This paper deals with the treatment of 109 cases of senile protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc and the features of this disease. The authors point out that since conservative method works well on most of the senile patients, surgical operation should be used with great care. Correct way of living and movement are important in preventing senile protrusion of lumbar intervertebral disc.


Nepheline syenite gneiss is exposed in three localities near the village of Boca Nova (47·04′W, 1°51′S) in northeastern Para, Brazil. Isotopic and chemical evidence for an igneous premetamorphic history include: (1) bulk compositions which plot in the Q–Ne–Ks system on a peralkaline fractionation curve; (2) bulk compositions which fall on the Hviddal igneous trend in the SiO2–Al2O3–Na2O + K2O molecular diagram; (3) an average K/Rb ratio identical to the average for nepheline syenites of the Khibina massif; (4) K/Rb ratios which lie on the ideal igneous fractionation curve; (5) Nb(Ta) contents far in excess of average crustal abundance; and (6) a low Sr87/Sr86 value (0·7034) characteristic of mantle derivation.

Post-kinematic lit-par-lit injections, discordant veins, and concordant pods of leucocratic nepheline–alkali feldspar pegmatite partially replaced the metamorphic assemblage and destroyed any microscopic equilibrium texture that may have been present. The final disequilibrium assemblage consists of Fe-rich biotite and two generations each of sodic plagioclase, microcline, and nepheline. Some minor metasomatic chemical effects may be present in the rocks but a case for nephelinization of crustal rocks cannot be documented. Field, petrographic, and chemical constraints indicate that the Boca Nova gneiss is an early-stage migmatite formed by anatexis of metamorphosed igneous nepheline syenite or its volcanic equivalent. Regional metamorphism and partial melting opened the Rb-Sr system so that the whole-rock Rb/Sr isochron age of 724 m.y. has no unambiguous interpretation. A K/Ar age of 580 ± 10 m.y. from biotite denning the metamorphic foliation is regarded as a minimum date for the regional metamorphism and anatexis. No other alkaline rocks of comparable age are known in the Sao Luis Craton.


Piaget1 established that children below the age of seven do not recognize the quantitative invariance of objects in spite of perceptual alterations. This fundamental but epoch-making discovery has generated considerable theoretical controversy as well as widespread empirical inquiry; Piaget2 emphasized that conservation is obviously a necessary condition in all experience and all rational activity and common sense. Bruner3 stressed that conservation is a powerful idea not only in science but in the conduct of everyday life, while Beilin4 supported the above views by pointing out that in the contemporary industrialized world characterized by change and activity, the development of invariant concepts (conservation) is bound to have considerable adaptive values. Piagetian research has related conservation to a host of variables such as age, training effect, stage of development, socio-economic status, environmental factors, language, and academic achievement, to mention just a few. Conservation has also been examined against the background of the sex variable with intent to ascertain whether there is significant difference in the intellectual ability of


Aim: Allogenic blood transfusion rate and related factors, in a cohort of 78 consecutive primary total knee replacements without patellar substitution (TKR) between January 2007 and December 2008 in the Hospital Axarquia (Malaga; Spain). Patients and Methods: All patients were diagnosed of primary knee osteoarthritis. Along 2007 (group I) they were admitted in the previous day to a TKR and discharged following surgeon criteria. In 2008 (group II), patients were admitted on the day surgery, underwent a cemented TKR and were discharged following an objective clinical pathway. Variables: age, sex, comorbidities, previous surgery, length of stay (LOS), Ahlback classification, prosthesis fixation, surgery time, pre- and postoperative Hb, blood transfusion, readmission at the first 30-days and complications in the first postoperative year. Statistical analysis were carried out by the software SPSS 11.0. Results: Group I: Mean age 69 yrs (52–80), gender 1:2,4. 89,7% Ahlback 3 and 4. 44% hybrid implants. Mean surgery time 100 minutes. LOS 13,3 days (7–28). Mean preop Hb 12,9 g/dl (10–16,5) and Hb at discharge 10,27 g/dl (8,4–13,1). Transfusion rate 14,63%. There were a 25% of complications in the first year. Group II: Mean age 69,7 yrs (54–84), gender 1:1,3. 94,2% Ahlback 3 and 4. 8 % of hybrid implants. Mean surgery time 112 minutes. LOS 3,78 days (2–8). Mean preop Hb 13,24 g/dl (11–15,8) and Hb level at discharge 10,15 g/dl (8–13,5). Transfusion rate was 10,8%. There were a 8,1% of complications in the first year. None of complications was related with a tisular oxigenation deficit, nor there were readmissions within the first postoperative month. Transfusion rates difference were not statistically significative. Statistically associated variables were preoperative Hb level Discussion: Allogenic transfusion rates reported in our country without specific blood saving measures ranged from 30% to 46%. Several strategies have been developed to reduce blood transfusions and its complications. The golden rule is the appropriateness of the transfusion, attending clinical and analytical parameters based on guidelines. Our study suggest the best strategy is an appropriate transfusion indication, thus obtaining a transfusion rate low enough to made expensive pre-operative autologous blood predonation and peri-operative blood salvage programs unnecessary. Postoperative hemoglobin level predictive blood transfusion enables a safe and saving time hospital discharge. Conclusions: The main factors predicting the need for postoperative blood transfusion after TKA are preoperative hemoglobin levels and postoperative hemoglobin levels at 24 hr. Short time results are improved when surgeons use transfusion guidelines with less transfusional morbidity and cost-saving without compromising patients' safe and outcomes.


The infection caused by Chlamydophila psittaci (C. psittaci) can be transmitted from urban pigeons to human, and therefore represents an important public health problem in numerous European cities. During the 2006 occurrence of the C. psittaci infection in the City of Zagreb (Croatia) was examined on altogether 787 adult urban pigeons (Columba livia var. domestica). Pigeons were caught in 9 different city districts, especially in those where pigeon' s population is the highest and the contact with the people more common. So-called " triple swabs" (from conjunctiva, pharynx and cloaca) were taken from all pigeons and examined for the presence of C. psittaci antigen. At the same time 254 blood sera were tested for the presence of antibodies against C. psittaci. For the laboratory examination commercial ELISA kits were used, for detection of specific C. psittaci antigen - IDEIATM PCE Chlamydia kit (DAKO Cytomation Ltd., United Kingdom) and for the C. psittaci antibodies - RIDASCREENr ; Chlamydia psittaci (R- Biopharm, Darmstadt, Germany). The results were interpreted according to Gerbermann et al. (1997). Results obtained by this comprehensive investigation revealed altogether 120 (15.25%) of examined pigeons to be positive for C. psittaci antigen. Blood sera from 240 pigeons (94.86%) contained antibodies against C. psittaci and were classified as high positive. Especially high numbers of antigen positive birds were detected in East (28%) and West parts of the city (28%). In the East district the city dump yard is located, what represent the place were urban pigeons can come in closer contact with infectious agents. In other districts, located in North and South parts of the City, where there is also the City Center, from 3% up to 13% of pigeon were found positive, respectively. Obviously the pigeons that inhabit the central and peripheral districts of the City of Zagreb are often infected with C. psittaci, and can serve as the source of the infection for poultry that is kept as small backyard flocks. High prevalence of C. psittaci positive pigeons in the City Center represent direct treat for the citizens.


Rapid Prototyping Technology is introduced into the model-making of architectural sculpture after a simple analysis on the traditional manufacture methods of architectural sculpture.The basically working principle and characteristic of Rapid Prototyping Technology are introduced and the general manufacture technology of architectural sculpture applying LOM prototyping technology is researched.Finally,a specific example has been presented to explain the feasibility of this kind of method.


This paper uses parish burial records to examine the impact of the 1727–1731 mortality crisis in Bedfordshire. This was a significant local event resulting in almost 4,000 excess deaths relating to multiple overlapping events starting in the autumn of 1727 and ending in the spring of 1731. It is argued that the temporal and geographic spread of burials is indicative of epidemic disease, most likely typhus and influenza-like infections, with famine playing, at best, a minor and localised role. The spread and impact of the disease was socially selective though with an element of differentiation. The elderly, the labouring poor and those living in urban areas found themselves at greatest risk, due to age-related susceptibility and their cramped living conditions, which created the conditions that allowed disease to spread effectively. Death rates among the traditional poor reduced during the crisis, possibly representing the triumph of effective local parish arrangements under the Old Poor Law.


The article investigates the features of appointment and execution of criminal penalties against women in the legislation of Ancient Rus on the example of the provisions of Russkaya Prostrannaya Pravda ("Russian Extensive Truth"), the Charter of Prince Yaroslav and other historical sources. We should note that punishments and other measures of a criminal-legal nature applied to women during the formation of the state in Rus differ in a number of specific features and characteristics. In particular, during this period, a number of crimes committed only by women were highlighted: crimes against the church (magic), morality (fornication, adultery), murder of the child by his/her mother ("child murder"), abortion, etc. The criminal sanctions applied to the criminals were characterized by severity and cruelty. In some cases, the woman was held liable together with her husband for the crime he had committed. In general, the criminal legislation of the period of Ancient Rus did not differentiate the criminal liability of women.


The objectives of this study were to assess how steeping temperature and steeping time affect phenolics and antioxidant profiles of various categories of tea marketed in China. The total phenolics, total flavonoids, tannin, DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of four typical teas (green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and white tea) steeped by different combinations of temperature and time were investigated by colorimetric assays. Results indicated that phenolics and antioxidants in tea water increased with the higher steeping temperature and/or longer steeping time in general. However, the DPPH and FRAP value of fermented teas (black tea and oolong tea) were affected less by the longer time or the higher temperature, while unfermented teas (white tea and green tea) were affected more by longer time and higher temperature. The optimal steeping conditions heavily rely on categories of tea and the targeted active substances.


Abstract : Austere funding, reduced manning, and scarce resources make it important for Air Force Civil Engineering managers to take advantage of the most current and efficient technology available to accomplish routine and repetitive tasks. The requirement to allocate limited manhours among competing requirements in the In-Service Work Plan is becoming increasingly important. The authors of this thesis have developed a computer based scheduling system that constructs as currently existing manual methods. The system uses a payoff matrix to determine the value of completing a specific work order and a linear programming model to determine the best mix of work orders to schedule from the pool of backlogged work orders. Use of the payoff matrix concept provides the flexibility for each Civil Engineering Organization to determine the factors to consider and their relative weights in arriving at a benefit value for each work order. The conclusion reached in the thesis is that the computer based scheduling system will construct the In-Service Work Plan as effectively as currently existing manual methods and that the system is feasible for use at any Civil Engineering Organization, provided adequate computer capability is available. (Author)


Advanced attention mechanisms are an important part of successful neural network approaches for non-factoid answer selection because they allow the models to focus on few important segments within rather long answer texts. Analyzing attention mechanisms is thus crucial for understanding strengths and weaknesses of particular models. We present an extensible, highly modular service architecture that enables the transformation of neural network models for non-factoid answer selection into fully featured end-to-end question answering systems. The primary objective  of our system is to enable researchers a way to interactively explore and compare attention-based neural networks for answer selection. Our interactive user interface helps researchers to better understand the capabilities of the different approaches and can aid qualitative analyses.


Humane-oriented education is considered as a basis of development of students' empathic culture development. The model of development process of students' empathic culture in the conditions of humane-oriented educational field is presented. The basic approaches and pedagogical resources of humanism-based educational environment of an educational institution for developing empathic culture are shown. Keywords: humane-oriented education, development, empathic culture, university students, model.


A long-term experiment on Loess Plateau shows that the long term application of organic manure,the content of soil organic matter and total and available nutrients can be raised and the soil organic-inorganic complex soil enzyme activity,soil moisture and physical characters,and soil gather together degree also be improved.Finally,the regulate capability of moisture,fertilizer,air,hot are raised.The increased yield effect of a long-term application of straw is the best.


The present invention relates to a broadcast signal recording and playback apparatus and method implementing a normal playback of the broadcast signal stored in a storage medium without regard to the PAT and the PMT to be through a digital broadcast receiver. If the unit to this end, as by key input unit is a store instruction to the broadcasting signal of the selected channel is the packet information for the broadcast signal of the selected channel from the transport demultiplexer, the identification packet of the applied packet information No. packet identification number changer analyzes (PID) for transmitting a predetermined packet and converts the identification number for the different video and audio packet identification number; Pre-stored packet information of the selected broadcast signal, and reading out stored; Selecting a transmitter for selectively transmitting the broadcast signal and the broadcast signal read out from the reservoir is transferred from the link portion; When the store instruction is the transport and from the demultiplexer, the packet information of the selected channel sent to the packet identification number changer controls the overall operation of the digital broadcast receiver to store the packet information to be applied to groups stored, and when applied with a reproduction command key input using an applied predetermined packet identification number through the the transport demultiplexer groups demultiplexed to the video and the packet of the audio packet identification number is set to (VPID, APID), and the packet information read out of the reservoir selected transmitter via is configured to include a microcomputer to control the whole operation of the digital broadcast receiver are transmitted group transport demultiplexer.


54 y/o male He has a 10 year history of hypertension. He is a non-smoker. He takes chlorthalidone 25 mg/day (like his father). Renal function is normal. Exam: BP 160/90 Pulse 80 regular Cor: normal JVP, PMI. No M/R/C/G Abdomen: No HSM or bruits What would you recommend for this patient? 1. Renal Duplex ultrasound 2. CTA renal arteries 3. MRA renal arteries 4. Plasma renin activity 5. Augment chlorthalidone > 65,000,000


Advance Access publication 18 February 2014 did not consider in depth the role of high percentages of imputed values in case of measurements below the LOD for the usefulness of Benford's law in evaluating occupational hygiene data and that they did not explain the rationale behind their selection of data sets from the vast range of substances and countries that supplied data for the ExAsRub project.


Deep-water trawling (>200 m deep) for crustaceans in the South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) yields catches of several species, including prawns (Haliporoides triarthrus, Aristaeomorpha foliacea, Aristeus antennatus and Aristeus virilis), langoustine (Metanephrops mozambicus), spiny lobster (Palinurus delagoae) and geryonid crab (Chaceon macphersoni). Infrequent deep-water trawling takes place off Tanzania, Kenya and Madagascar; however, wellestablished fisheries operate off Mozambique and South Africa. Regular trawling off South Africa started in the 1970's, mainly targeting M .mozambicus and H. triarthrus. Catch and effort data for the South African fishery were regularly recorded in skipper logbooks over a 23 year period (1988 – 2010); this database was obtained from the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) in order to assess abundance trends of M. mozambicus and H. triarthrus. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to quantify the effects of year, month, depth and vessel on catch per unit effort (CPUE). By year, the standardized CPUE of M. mozambicus increased, and three factors (or a combination of them) could explain the trend: reduced effort saturation, improved gear and technology, or an increase in abundance. By month, CPUE peaked in July and was highest between depths of 300 and 399 m. The standardized CPUE of H. triarthrus fluctuated more by year than for M. mozambicus, possibly because it is a shorter-lived and faster growing species. The monthly CPUE peaked in March, and was highest between depths of 400 and 499 m. Totals of 2 033 M. mozambicus (1 041 males and 992 females) and 5 927 H. triarthrus (2 938 males and 2 989 females) were sampled at sea between December 2010 and March 2012, during quarterly trips on-board a fishing trawler. A GLM framework was used to explore their size composition, sex ratio variability, size at maturity and reproductive cycles. Male and female M. mozambicus size distributions were similar, but varied by month and decreased as depth increased. Female H. triarthrus were significant larger than males; size structure varied by month, but showed no change over depth. The sex ratio of M. mozambicus favoured males (1 : 0.89), but was close to parity in all months, except November when males predominated. H. triarthrus exhibited parity (1 : 1.002) with no significant variations in sex ratios by month. The proportion of egg-bearing M. mozambicus


Stray light analysis of FormoSat-5 telescope has been studied. The geometric contour profiles of the baffles are determined by checking the degree of blocked direct-incidence stray light. Trade-off between different baffle contours has been made by comparing the direct-incidence stray light, incident energy ratio, and incident energy uniformity of the focal plane assembly (FPA). Detail studies have then performed on the contribution of the stray light due to direct incidence, scattering from components, and multi-reflection between optical components. The effect of the FPA structure is also considered since it is the component adjacent the most to the FPA. In addition, the tolerance of the baffles fabrication and assembly are introduced.


Salt marshes are one of the most important ecosystems on the planet. These marshes serve as a buffer against the elements of the shoreline, a natural filtering system, and a safe haven for different organisms. Many studies have proven that various chemical effects and physical efforts affect the survival rate of the salt marshes such as salinity and restoration. Salt marshes have been faced with a lot of destruction, which is mainly anthropogenic. Human activity has directly and indirectly affected the marshes through grazing, dredging, development, salt-water intrusion, and the dumping of chemicals into water systems. In order to protect these valuable marshes, education, legislative action, and further research needs to take place.


Theory and parameters of EXAFS data analysis in EXAFS theory and analysis of XANES measurements of XAFS laboratory EXAFS applications of EXAFS to catalyst characterization applications of XANES to catalyst characterization new techniques for catalysts and surfaces.


Dense crowd counting (DCC) remains challenging due to the scale variation and occlusion. Several deep learning based DCC methods have achieved the state-of-arts on public datasets. However, experimental results show that the scale variation is still the main factor to hinder the DCC performance. In this work, we propose a scale-informed dense crowd counting method focusing on handling the negative effect caused by scale variation. More specifically, we propose a method to obtain the scale information of the patch from its GT density maps via estimating the mean value of the Gaussian kernel width and then a scale-classifier is deigned and trained accordingly. Moreover, with the estimated scale information, two sub-nets are dedicatedly deigned to learn the density maps for large-scale head patch and small-scale patch separately. Experimental results validate the performance of our proposed method which achieves the best performance on three dense crowd datasets.


Bargaining with reading habit is no need. Reading is not kind of something sold that you can take or not. It is a thing that will change your life to life better. It is the thing that will give you many things around the world and this universe, in the real world and here after. As what will be given by this strabismus surgery and its complications, how can you bargain with the thing that has many benefits for you?


The main contribution of this work is a method for robust stabilization of three-dimensional bipedal walking robots with more than one degree of under-actuation. The general framework we previously developed for stabilization of periodic orbits for hybrid systems with impact effects is shown to be applicable to three-dimensional under-actuated bipedal robots. It is shown how periodic solutions for the hybrid dynamical equations describing three-dimensional under-actuated bipedal robots can be found and that these periodic solutions (walking gaits) can be robustly stabilized if a certain semi-definite program can be solved. The fact that the robust control synthesis problem can be cast as a semi-definite program implies that computationally efficient linear matrix inequality (LMI) solvers can be used to find the controllers. We demonstrate the methodology through the simulations on a five-link spatial biped with two degrees of under-actuation


This paper proposes a method for online structural health evaluation, and analyzes the correlation between online monitoring data and structural health status. On the basis of this analysis, the structural health can be evaluated by using the deviation of the current status from the initially designed status. The health degree index, representation and measurement models are also defined for structural health evaluation in this work. A numerical case study is conducted to validate the related concept and health evaluation model using a beam under pressure loads. The results indicate that the proposed method can effectively represent the structural health status.


At the University Hospital in Louvain, Belgium, plasma hormonal fluctuations in 6 women, aged 16-46, were studied. Measurements were made during the nonpregnant state and in the 4 women who conceived also in the period around nidation. Measurements during the nonpregnant state yielded expected results: Preovulatory midcycle luteinizing hormone (LH) surge preceded by increase of estrone and estradiol, sudden fall of estrogens and rise of progesterone during or just after LH surge, and secondary estrogen rise together with progesterone peak during the luteal phase accurred. In the women implantation occurred, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) started to rise sharply 10 or 11 days after the LH surge. Progesterone and estrogen levels remained high during the implantation period. In the patient who aborted at 17 weeks of pregnancy, the HCG rise was slower and the secondary rise of estradiol was rather limited; progesterone levels, however, appeared to be normal. An estradiol surge may occur just prior to implantation.


The structure of ultrathin epitaxial Pr2O3 films on Si(111) was studied by synchrotron radiation-grazing incidence x-ray diffraction. The oxide film grows as hexagonal Pr2O3 phase with its (0001) plane attached to the Si(111) substrate. The hexagonal (0001) Pr2O3 plane matches the in-plane symmetry of the hexagonal Si(111) surface unit cell by aligning the ⟨101¯0⟩Pr2O3 along the ⟨112¯⟩ Si directions. The small lattice mismatch of 0.5% results in the growth of pseudomorphic oxide films of high crystalline quality with an average domain size of about 50 nm. The critical thickness tc for pseudomorphic growth amounts to 3.0±0.5nm. The relaxation of the oxide film from pseudomorphism to bulk behavior beyond tc causes the introduction of misfit dislocations, the formation of an in-plane small angle mosaicity structure, and the occurence of a phase transition towards a (111) oriented cubic Pr2O3 film structure. The observed phase transition highlights the influence of the epitaxial interface energy on the stabil...


Abstract
 The management of Hylesia nanus Walker (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae), a defoliator of Eucalyptus species (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), was evaluated on the northern coast of Bahia State, Brazil, by performing 3 connected experiments: (1) monitoring of H. nanus moths by using light traps; (2) biological control of H. nanus pupae by releasing the endoparasitoid Palmistichus elaeisis Delvare & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); and (3) chemical control of H. nanus larvae with 1 spraying of bifenthrin + etilenoxi. The light traps effectively assisted the monitoring and control of H. nanus moths, with a mean population peak (± SE) of 801 ± 438 individuals collected per trap in a 23 d nocturnal period. Palmistichus elaeisis was recovered from the H. nanus pupae 96 h post release, with a parasitism rate of 23 ± 3%, indicating an ability to parasitize and contribute to insect suppression. Release of this parasitoid can be integrated with monitoring using light traps. Chemical control was highly effective against the last instar H. nanus larvae, with only 11 ± 3 larval survivors per tree trunk 24 h post spraying. Thus, the monitoring of moths by using light traps, control of pupae by releasing P. elaeisis, and chemical control of last instar larvae are methods that could be integrated into a management plan for H. nanus.


In 1988, scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata = Tripleurospermum perforatum) was proposed as a new target weed for biological control in Canada. Scentless chamomile is mainly a weed of cultivated land, where it reduces crop yield. But it also forms dense, semi-permanent stands in periodically disturbed sites, such as slough margins, field depressions or roadsides, from which seeds spread into adjacent fields. Biological control is mainly aimed at these populations in uncultivated areas, because chemical and cultural control methods often prove uneconomic or impractical in these habitats, and because biological control agents should be more likely to establish there. Surveys were started in Europe in 1990, and eight potential biocontrol agents have now been investigated. Three of these have been introduced into Canada, three were not specific enough for introduction, and two are still under investigation. Because the plant reproduces only by seed, the first insect to be introduced and established was a seed-feeding weevil, Omphalapion (Apion) hookeri in 1992. This was followed by the stem-mining weevil Microplontus (Ceutorhynchus) edentulus in 1997. Studies on the population biology of scentless chamomile in Europe and Canada suggested that insects which attack the overwintering rosettes of scentless chamomile should be most effective. The gall midge Rhopalomyia n. sp., and the agromyzid Napomyza sp. near lateralis are therefore predicted to be the most successful agents. Both species are multivoltine and attack practically all plant phenostages throughout the growing season. Particularly the overwintering larvae in the rosettes may kill whole plants (Rhopalomyia) or developing shoots (Napomyza). Field release of Rhopalomyia was approved in March 1999, but the taxonomic position and host range of Napomyza still need to be clarified. Post-release studies are planned to test our predictions on relative agent effectiveness.


CO2 powered actuators are a viable alternative in prostheses and robotics. The gas supply is generally limited in such applications, and calls for an optimal system pressure to minimize gas-consumption. Previous work which discusses the optimal pressure was not verifiable, or strictly theoretical. The theoretical work was unintuitive, but did result in an optimal pressure level of 1.2 MPa, irrespective of the required output force. This research presents a simplified theoretical background, and verifies the optimum by measurements. The simplified theory offers improved insight into the existence of an optimal supply pressure and locates it at 1.42 MPa. Compensation for atmospheric pressure strongly affects cylinder size at low system pressures and above the optimum, as CO2 approaches its critical point, gas consumption increases with the density of the gas. The experiments show an optimum at 1.12 MPa, with a bound of -0.10 MPa and +0.30 MPa. The uncertainty in the location of the minimum gas-consumption reflects the challenges of accurately performing the measurements, as well as the shallow curve where the minimum is found. The presented results support the optimal supply pressure found in literature, and when optimizing a pneumatic system for CO2 use, 1.2 MPa is therefore a good choice.


A digitally controlled varactor structure was developed based on mismatched capacitor pairs to enhance the frequency resolution of LC-based digitally controlled oscillators(DCOs).In the structure,the minimum switched capacitance of the CMOS varactor can be reduced,resulting in frequency resolution enhancement.A DCO based on the structure without SDM was implemented in SMIC0.18 and simulated in Spectre.The results show that the frequency resolution of the DCO with a central frequency of 3.4 GHz reaches 3 kHz without dependence on the feature sizes of the given process.


Consistent with construal level theory, we present results from an experiment demonstrating that the temporal distance of a purchase decision can affect persuasion knowledge activation when the topic of the persuasive statement is congruent with the construal level. This interaction is then shown to have adverse effects on brand evaluations that are mediated by persuasion knowledge activation through an automatic process.


Cloud Computing is the approach to share resources under one or more than one leading authority using multiple development and deployment models i.e. resources of computational power and storage. Basically cloud is business model and it has grown up in business and other industries. In spite of its power, it raises numerous security threats including loss of customer important data, data leakage, duplicating, resource pooling and so on. As far as security threats are concerned, a very wide research has been conducted which shows threats with service and deployment models of cloud. In order to realize these threats, this study is presented so as to effectively refine the basic security issues under various areas of cloud. This study present data security threat under the cloud models and their  solutions is to involve third party cloud provider in which client send their data that is being encrypted, send then send to service cloud provider and secure third party and storage provider servers. This purposed work is to save the cloud server providers from un - authorize access.


Oren A. 2009. Problems associated with the taxonomic validation of the cyanobacterial genus Halothece by Margheri et al. 2008. Phycologia 47: 477–486. Phycologia 48: 313–314. DOI: 10:2216/09-33.1 In their paper on 'The taxonomic validation of the cyanobacterial genus Halothece', Margheri et al. (2008) provided formal descriptions of Halothece californica gen. et sp. nov. in the protologue format of a description under the rules of the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokarotes (ICNP) and as a Latin diagnosis as required by the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The authors intended to list all data needed for valid publication of the names of the new genus and species under the rules of both codes. This commentary exposes a number of problems connected to the authors' proposal for the valid description of the name H. californica under the rules of the ICNP.


In order to access a high level processing, scalability and reliability, one needs to process machine level data in high level data processing and makes a connection between them (make them coherent). This paper is intended to monitor Delta PLC 14SS in .NET frame work, c#, by monitoring a glazier machine, it is aimed to describe how to address and to access inputs, outputs and memories of PLC which is expandable to other types of PLC. A program and its own interfaces are provided for monitor information of PLC. Contrary, all of the data being stored on database is simultaneously intended to achieve an intelligent system without human interference. Three years of experiment shows that this method of automatic system is running perfectly in a sensible condition.


Production of new steel grades and growing demands on productivity require an increasing understanding of heat transfer during the continuous casting process. This work is focused on a mould which has a great influence on the casting process and the final quality of billets. Casting speed has to be adapted to the steel parameters and the format of the product. The temperature field of the mould changes with the casting speed. From the temperature field, the contact of the solid shell with the mould insert and the intensity and symmetry of heat removal can be deduced. Temperature measurements were conducted in the mould walls on site. It was found that increasing the casting speed reduced the temperature gradient in the longitudinal direction and caused a decrease in the unevenness of the temperature field in the transverse direction, which was expressed by the so-called thermal axis. A percentage increase in mould temperatures that followed the increase in casting speed, exhibited close to a linear dependency on the distance from the mould top. Based on the presented data, the increase in casting speed caused a more uniform temperature field in the mould insert, which is related to a more uniform heat removal from the billet.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate corrosion protection provided by a water‐soluble corrosion inhibitor as a non‐toxic alternative to the chromate and phosphate conversion coatings on galvanised steel.Design/methodology/approach – Untreated galvanised steel samples were assessed simultaneously with galvanised steel samples treated with the chromate‐free organic inhibitor, a conventional chromate conversion coating or a zinc phosphate modified with nickel, by means of immersion – weigh loss and electrochemical tests, using a naturally aerated 0.5 M NaCl aqueous solution as corrosive medium. In addition, selected superficial conditions of galvanised steel were submitted to a salt fog test. The electrochemical tests used were: open circuit corrosion potential logging, linear polarization, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Corrosion products formed on samples withdrawn from the solution at different intervals were characterized using X‐ray diffraction....


Fe-Mo-O catalysts were prepared by the Sol-Gel method. The surface composition, reducibility, ethane chemisorption and reactivity of the catalysts were systematically studied by using the techniques of XRD, IR, TPR, TPD and micro-reactor. The results showed that the catalyst calcined at 450?℃ was ultrafine particles with BET surface area of 48.1?m~2/g. There existed both Lewis acid sites(Fe~(3+),Mo~(6+)) and Lewis base sites(oxygen of Mo=O and Mo-O-Fe bond) on the surface of the catalysts. Ethane can be chemisorbed on surface terminal oxygen of Lewis base sites Mo=O bonds by one H atom in -CH_3 to form molecular adsorption states, and the adsorption ability increases with the rising of the temperature. Moreover, the ultrafine particles have higher lattice oxygen activity, and the adsorption amount and intensity of ethane on the ultrafine particles is greater than that on the bigger particles. Reaction products of partial oxidation of C_2H_6 on the Fe-Mo-O catalyst are mainly C_2H_4 and a little CH_3CHO.


This paper evaluates the cooling efficiency improvements that can be achieved by integrating radiant cooling, cool storage, and variable-speed compressor and transport motor controls. Performance estimates of a baseline system and seven useful combinations of these three efficient low-lift inspired cooling technologies are reported. The technology configurations are simulated in a prototypical office building with three levels of envelope and balance-of-plant performance: standard-, mid- and high-performance, and in five climates. The standard performance level corresponds to ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2004 Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Buildings (ASHRAE 2004a). From the savings estimates for an office building prototype in five representative climates, estimates of national energy saving technical potential are developed. Component and subsystem models used in the energy simulations are developed in a companion paper.


For hydrological applications, such as urban flood modelling, it is often important to be able to simulate sub-daily rainfall time series from stochastic models. However, the literature is currently lacking owing to several challenges with modelling rainfall at this resolution, namely a complex temporal structure including long dry periods, seasonal variation in both the occurrence, and intensity of rainfall, and extreme values. To address this, we propose a flexible model, an advanced hidden Markov model set in the Bayesian hierarchical framework, which is capable of capturing and reproducing these characteristics well. To demonstrate this, we apply the model to an 8-year time series of hourly observations. We also present thorough model checking and a critical discussion of our approach.


Diploma work discuss basic factors that abate the stability of an intimate relationship. The theoretical part presents factors such as conflict communication, phasis of breaking-up, emotionality, specific factors of a non functional intimate relationship, emotional disability and an influence of gender roles. The research part is focused on a practical aplication an own created questionnaire, in a research set of 80 young adults in age of 18 to 25. 93 item questionnaire capture most frequent factors that lead to breaking-up an intimate relationship. The outcomes of the research were quantitatively executed and interpretated


e21152 Background: BreastCA is the most common non-cutaneous cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer deaths. Although the outcome for BreastCA patients (pts) with brain met remains poor, there is significant variation in overall survival (OS). However, there are no markers or to predict OS. FIP200 is a signaling node regulating several pathways. It inhibits cell proliferation when localized to the nucleus by promoting Rb-1 and p21, and it promotes cell survival when localized to the cytoplasm through inhibition of Pyk2 and regulation of autophagy. FIP200 gene is deleted or mutated in approximately 20 % of primary BreastCA biopsies, and the level of Exp of FIP200 and Rb1 are correlated in BreastCA cell lines. The Exp of FIP200 and its cellular localization have not been examined in brain met of any cancer.

METHODS
In a single institution retrospective analysis brain tissues on 21 pts with metastatic BreastCA, obtained between 8/2000 and 3/2010 were evaluated for Exp of FIP200 and Rb1. These biopsies were selected based on the availability of adequate tissue in the blocks and a prior diagnosis (Dx) of invasive ductal BreastCA. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate the localization and levels of Exp of FIP200 and Rb1 which in turn were tested as predictors of prolonged OS.

RESULTS
37% of primary breastCA were triple negative, 25% were ER negative/HER2 positive. Median time from Dx to met in the 21 pts was 23 (0-245) months (mos), and the median OS from Dx of BreastCA was 43 (6-264) mos. Nuclear Exp of Rb1 was detected in < 30% vs. ≥ 30% of cells in 11 vs. 10 pts. The median OS was 39 (range 6-264) mos in pts with Rb1 Exp < 30% of cells and 47 (20-190) mo in those with Rb1 Exp in ≥ 30% of cells. Nuclear Exp of FIP200 was detected in <20% vs. ≥ 20% of cells in 13 vs. 8 pts. The median OS was 39 (6-264) mos in pts with FIP200 nuclear Exp in <20% of cells and 45 (43-122) mos in those with FIP200 Exp in ≥ 20% of cells. Cytoplasmic Exp of Fip200 was detected in ≥ 20% of cells in 20 of 21 cases.

CONCLUSIONS
The pattern of nuclear Exp of Rb1 is different in pts with brain met from invasive intra-ductal BreastCA with a longer OS. An expanded study is underway to determine whether nuclear Rb1 and/or FIP200 predict OS and define the role of these proteins in brain met from BreastCA.


Since the 1960s democratic member based organizations (DMOs) have formed the back bone of the Norwegian environmental movement (NEM). A series of recent developments, however, have challenged both their dominant position and their need for popular support, prompting an investigation into the relation between the NEM DMOs and 'the people'. This thesis approaches the problematic by investigating how the relation between the DMOs and 'the people' is understood from the perspective of informants working within three NEM DMOs: Norges naturvernforbund, Fremtiden i vare hender, and Folkeaksjonen for et oljefritt Lofoten, Vesteralen og Senja. Through an analysis of semi-structured interviews from 12 informants I will examine three aspects of this relation, the DMOs' movement connections, their collective identity and the impact negative public stereotypes have on their operation. Based on these analyses I will argue that the Norwegian DMOs are inclusive organizations with a low level of collective identity, who are afraid of alienating the public by appearing too radical. Despite having relatively few supporters, the DMOs draw on the culturally specific image of folkebevegelse (popular movement) when presenting their organizations. The DMOs focus on low-level and short-term activism, lest a more intensive approach will alienate people, who are viewed as busy, but well-willing. They actively take measures to combat common stereotypes associated with their organizations. Sometimes this takes the form of policy changes, other times it is to hide their more radical positions by presenting their own identity and their message as moderate. As such the DMOs are engaging in a process of frame negotiation where they adjust their identity and their agenda to fit a more moderate image.


The objective of this study was to study immune system status in long‐term asymptomatic (LTA) HIV‐1‐infected children. A cross‐sectional study was used, involving HIV‐1‐infected children over 7 years of age who were rated into two groups according to their clinical and immunological classification: (a) LTA: 7 asymptomatic HIV‐1‐infected children in A1; (b) Rapid progressor (RP): 14 age‐matched C3 HIV‐1‐infected children. The control group consisted of 17 age‐matched uninfected children. The characterization of CD4+ T‐cell subsets was determined by three‐colour flow cytometry. The proliferative response and cytokine production by activated peripheral blood T‐cells were also measured. IL‐7 levels were measured in serum. Thymic production of T‐cells was quantified by TCR rearrangement excision circles (TRECs). The LTA children showed similar proliferative responses to PHA, PWM and anti‐CD3+ anti‐CD28, but lower responses to tetanus toxoid and streptokinase, in comparison with the controls but always higher responses in comparison with the RP group. The production of TNF‐α and IFN‐γ was similar in the LTA and control groups, and both were higher than the levels in the RP group. The LTA group showed a lower percentage of memory CD4+ T‐cells (CD4+ CD45RO+, CD4+ CD45RA‐CD62L+) than the control and RP groups. The LTA group also showed lower percentages of CD4+ CD7‐ cells than the controls. As for naïve CD4+ T‐cells (CD4+ CD45RA+ CD62L+), CD4+ CD45RA+ and CD4+ CD62L+ cells, the LTA group showed higher values than the control and RP groups. The LTA group showed higher percentages of CD4+ HLA‐DR+ CD38+ than the controls, but lower values than the RP group. In contrast, the LTA group had percentages of CD4+ HLA‐DR‐CD38+ T‐cells higher than both the control and RP groups, whereas CD4+ CD38+ levels were only higher in the LTA group in comparison with the controls. CD4+ HLA‐DR+ CD38‐ and CD4+ HLA‐DR+ cell numbers were lower in the LTA group in comparison with the RP group. We found almost normal values of TRECs and IL‐7 in the LTA group, but lower values in the RP group. Moreover, we found an inverse relation between TREC levels and IL‐7 in plasma from HIV‐infected children. Asymptomatic HIV‐1 infected children have a well preserved immune system similar to that of control uninfected children in spite of HIV‐infection for more than 7 years. Moreover, our results identified new markers of HIV disease, such as TRECs and IL‐7, that could be used to monitor disease.


Currently, technology innovations focus on enhancing carrier transport properties by introducing novel materials (e.g. III–V and Ge) and improving short channel electrostatic control by adopting novel structures (e.g. multi-gate). In this paper, we show that the performance benefits at the circuit-level depend strongly on the target applications and load scenarios. Enhanced electrostatic control improves circuit-level energy-delay trade-off for both high-performance (HP) and low-power (LP) applications, while better transport only benefits the HP application. To achieve the optimal energy-delay trade-off at the circuit-level, P/N width ratio, supply voltage (Vdd), and width-normalized off-state current (Ioff) must be optimized for the target application and load scenario.


Background: The school age period is nutritionally significant because this is the prime time to build up body stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth of adolescence. [1] Malnutrition remains the world's most serious health problem and the single biggest contributor to child mortality, nearly one third of the children in the developing world are either underweight or stunted and more than 30% of the developing world's population suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However the data available from urban slums of Hyderabad in this age group is very sparse and hence an attempt has been made to study the same. Objectives: To determine the Nutritional status of primary school children and study the factors associated with it. Material And Methods Study population: Primary school children (6 to 11 years).Study area:- Primary schools in urban slums of Hyderabad. Study design: - A cross sectional study. Sample size : 384 children. Sampling methods: Simple random sampling Data collection: By using pre designed and pre tested and pre coded schedule (interview technique, observation, clinical examination). Analysis: By using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info 3.5.3 Results: The prevalence of underweight was 56.6%, overweight was 11.4% and obesity was 3.0% . Prevalence of stunted height was found among 42.3% . 13.4% children were suffering from Vitamin' A' deficiency, 26.7% were suffering from Vitamin B deficiency,13.6% were suffering from Vitamin C deficiency, Vitamin D deficiency was found in 2.7% and 31.4% were found to be Anaemic. Conclusion: The prevalence of underweight, Nutritional deficiencies were found to be significantly higher in children of illiterate parents' and similiarly in unskilled worker fathers' and unemployed mothers.


With the development of the Internet, social bots are increasingly spreading on social platforms. Therefore, an effective detection algorithm is demanded to detect these social bot accounts that endanger social networks. In this paper, a social bots detection model based on deep learning algorithm (DeBD) is proposed. The model mainly includes three layers. The first layer is the joint content feature extraction layer, which focuses on the feature extraction of the tweets content and the relationship between them. The second layer is the tweet metadata temporal feature extraction layer, which regards the tweet metadata as temporal information and uses this temporal information as the input of the LSTM to extract the user social activity temporal feature. The third layer is the feature fusing layer, which fuses the extracted joint content features with the temporal features to detect social bots. To evaluate the effectiveness of the DeBD model, we conducted experiments on three different types of new social bot data sets from the real world and the experiment results also demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.


This paper discussed about a simple approach for implementing well-known PID controller in microcontroller for quadrotor project. This controller will be used for stabilizing the quadrotor while in flight. Towards to stabilize this type of air craft, sensors must be used as the feedback for PID controller. A new method in sensor fusion and inclination angle estimation is discussed in this paper. A simple system architecture for controlling four motors also included as a reference for the flow of the programming sequence. Single axis test has been done with result to prove this method and discussed in this paper.


Material shredders are used in construction projects to move materials from the starting point to the intended point. This trimming machine uses a type or system of crane pulley. In the world of construction, it can rarely be used in various terrains, whether flat terrain, valley terrain, or hilly terrain. Therefore, this paper aims to ensure that the process of upgrading / transferring the construction material of the 150 kV transmission tower can run well on flat terrain to difficult terrain such as valleys and hills based on several consideration factors. The design process of the material shredder consists of three stages, namely design, tool making, and tool testing. The design process consists of several stages, namely field review and the availability of supporting systems and raw materials. The fabrication process, carries out the assembly of materials that are already available by the predetermined design. The process of testing the tool, using the test method directly in the field so that the data presented is real loading data. The material drill engine can be used well in the field with a maximum carrying capacity of 250 kg with the highest effective tool capacity of 12,424kg/hour and fuel sed as much as 0.91 liters/hourKeywords : Design and Construction, Solidworks, Material Transfer Tool, Shifting Machine, Material Mover


Anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli of clinical relevance in human infections are divided into two distinct groups: members of the genus Clostridium, which are spore-forming Gram-positive anaerobic bacilli, and a group composed of more than 42 genera of non-spore-forming anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli. Of the non-sporeformers, 10 genera are most commonly associated with clinical infections: Actinomyces, Actinobaculum, Varibaculum, Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium (and the related genera, Alloscardovia, Parascardovia, and Scardovia), Eubacterium, Eggerthella, and Lactobacillus (
1
,
2
,
3
). Two additional genera, Mobiluncus and Atopobium, have more recently been found in association with bacterial vaginosis and other infections; however, they are not easily recovered, and their pathogenicity is not as well understood (
1
,
2
,
4
,
5
). There have been many taxonomic changes among the anaerobic Gram-positive non-spore-forming bacilli and more will follow as methods such as matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and 16S rRNA sequencing are employed for identification in clinical laboratories (
2
,
6
). Many of the species that have been found in clinical samples are listed in
Table 4.12–1
. Many of these anaerobic Gram-positive bacilli are part of the normal microbiota of the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary tract, and skin. They can, however, be associated with skin and soft tissue infections, periodontitis and other oral infections, pulmonary infections (usually in combination with other aerobes and anaerobes), genitourinary tract infections, and, in the case of Propionibacterium acnes, infected CSF shunts, prosthetic joint infections, and endophthalmitis (
7
,
8
). Many of the non-sporeformers (like P. acnes and Actinomyces spp.) are aerotolerant and can be resistant to metronidazole, an antimicrobial agent that is usually effective against most other anaerobes.


We find intermediate arguments are either not tautologous as expected or not contradictory as expected. By weakening certain arguments they can be coerced to become contradictory as the original proposer intended. Nevertheless, we therefore conclude that he non-existence proof of free will is refuted.


Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze the details of acupuncture treatment methods and the reporting quality of acupuncture on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS). Methods : Search was conducted in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for acupuncture studies on CTS. The reporting quality of acupuncture treatment was assessed using the following guidelines: Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (STRICTA) for analyzing the method of acupuncture treatment, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) for analyzing study design and study process, and Risk of Bias (ROB) for analyzing bias. The number of reported items was calculated and evaluated as a proportion. The reported proportion of each study was classified into three grades: Grade A (% score ≥ 75), Grade B (50 ≤ % score < 75), and Grade C (% score < 50). Results : A total of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) were included in this study. All trials reported 12 items (66.67%) on average in STRICTA guidelines. Five studies were conducted with manual acupuncture and 3 studies were conducted with electroacupuncture. PC7 (Daereung) was most frequently used to treat CTS. In STRICTA guideline evaluation, 3 studies were classified as Grade A, 5 studies were classified as Grade B, and 1 study was classified as Grade C. In the CONSORT statement assessment, all trials reported an average of 20.56 items. Of the 9 RCTs, 6 studies were classified as Grade B and 3 studies were classified as Grade C. In ROB assessment, most studies showed a low (63.49%) or unclear (26.98%) risk of bias. The selective reporting bias and the incomplete outcome data bias were found to have the lowest risk of bias, and the allocation concealment of selection bias was found to have the most unclear risk of bias. Conclusions : Recent acupuncture studies on CTS showed moderate reporting quality. However, more detailed reports on acupuncture are still needed to establish more solid evidence of acupuncture treatment.


Soil salinization is a resource and ecological problem that currently exists on a large scale in all countries of the world. This problem is seriously restricting the development of agricultural production, the sustainable use of land resources, and the stability of the ecological environment. Salinized soils in China are characterized by extensive land area, complex saline species, and prominent salinization problems. Therefore, strengthening the management and utilization of salinized soils, monitoring and identifying accurate salinization information, and mastering the degree of regional salinization are important goals that researchers have been trying to explore and overcome. Based on a large amount of soil salinization research, this paper reviews the developmental history of saline soil management research in China, discusses the research progress of soil salinization monitoring, and summarizes the main modeling methods for remote sensing monitoring of saline soils. Additionally, this paper also proposes and analyzes the limitations of China's soil salinity monitoring research and its future development trend, taking into account the real needs and frontier hotspots of the country in related research. This is of great practical significance to comprehensively grasp the current situation of salinization research, further clarify and sort out research ideas of salinization monitoring, enrich the remote sensing monitoring methods of saline soils, and solve practical problems of soil salinization in China.


The light diffraction method is used in the endeavor to detect ultrasonic dispersion of a group of esters in the frequency range from 4.3 to 15.9 mc/sec. No measurable dispersion was detected.


PRDM14 is an embryonic stem cell pluripotency regulator that is ectopically expressed in human malignancies. The aim of my thesis is to gain insight into the role of PRDM14 in human leukemia and its effects on the proliferation and differentiation of the hematopoietic system. Our lab has previously shown that Prdm14 expression in mouse bone marrow cells results in lymphoblastic leukemia. To test if it has the same effect on the human hematopoietic system, I expressed PRDM14 in human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Here, I show that PRDM14 arrests myelopoiesis at an early CD34+CD38+ stage, resulting in the expansion of a relatively immature hematopoietic progenitor population. Taken together, these experiments advance our understanding of the role of PRDM14 in human leukemia.


A new two-step implicit linear Obrechkoff twelfth algebraic order method with vanished phase-lag and its first, second, third and fourth derivatives is constructed in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to develop an efficient algorithm for the approximate solution of the one-dimensional radial Schrodinger equation and related problems. This algorithm belongs in the category of the multistep methods. In order to produce an efficient multistep method the phase-lag property and its derivatives are used. An error analysis and a stability analysis is also investigated and a comparison with other methods is also studied. The efficiency of the new methodology is proved via theoretical analysis and numerical applications.


This paper adopts vacuum thermal evaporation method,under the monitoring of highly accurate film thickness controller,the multi-layer red light OLED hole injection layer 2-TNATA organic thin film deposition process conditions and the thickness on the luminous performance to carry out the experimental research. The results of experiments show that : the distance between the substrate and the evaporation source is 24 cm; beam source furnace evaporation diameter is 1. 5 mm; substrate temperature is 50℃; and the evaporation temperature is 230℃ for the preparation of the ideal 2-TNATA thin film process conditions; Device with hole injection layer than those without this layer luminescence performance is significantly improved; its best hole injection layer thickness is 20 nm. This device brightness under the 12 V voltage increased from 1800 cd / m2to 1800 cd / m2,raised by four times; the luminous efficiency from 1. 8 cd / A up to 2. 6 cd / A,increased by 1. 4 times,and the spectral peak is at 618 nm.


The aim of this study was to investigate differences in executive functions between athletes and non-athletes and also investigate whether differences in executive functions exist considering the type of sports (externally paced and self - paced sports). A total of 65 athletes (35 externally paced and 30 self-paced athletes) and 60 non-athletes participated in this online study, with ages ranging from 18 to 30. Apart from sociodemographic and PANAS questionnaire, computer-based tasks were also used for measuring three main executive functions among participants: inhibition, updating and switching. Results did not show any differences between athletes and non-athletes, neither between externally paced and self-paced athletes. In other words, results of this study showed that athletes did not have higher scores on executive function measures compared to non-athletes. Limitations of this study should be kept in mind, and also, further research is necessary to reveal more information about relationship between sport and executive functioning.


Steganography means the process of thrashing information by embedding messages within other; Information can be in the form of text, audio, video. There are several approaches for the categorization of Steganography Techniques. There are various Steganography techniques present in the market but the end user who is not a technical expert often confuses in the choice of which tool to use and what are the advantages and disadvantages associated with the various techniques. So, In this paper I have done a detailed survey of three different video steganography techniques i.e. TPVD (tri-way pixel value differencing), MVT(Motion Vector Technique) and LSB(Least significant bit). For the sake of end user, to make him able to choose the best technique for user, Survey needs to be done for various techniques illustrating various positive and negative aspects of that technique.


The invention concerns an assembly characterised in that it comprises: a radio station (1) with digital data receiver, such as RDS; a transmitter (3) for digital data transmission; a unit (4) for processing digital data carried by the signals received by the radio station, which is connected to the radio station and to the transmitter (3); means for selecting (8) capable of being activated by an operator, said means being also connected to the processing unit (4), the processing unit receiving, via said digital data, a code for identifying the sequence broadcast by the radio station and controlling, when the selecting means (8) are activated, with the user's identification code, the transmission of this code by the transmitter (3), to a centralised control unit (CA).


The coloured-noise (Omstein-Uhlembeck process) problem corresponding to the decay process of unstable states, is studied using the nonlinear relaxation time and the quasideterministic approach. The effect of the non-Markovian character in this problem as well as the statistics of the initial conditions are both addressed. Our general result is applied to the Landau model as a typical example.


— The low tensile strength and limited ductility, the unavoidable deficiency, of concrete can be overcome by the addition of of flyash and glass fibers on glassfiberprestressedconcrete beam To study the shear, flexural strength behavior, x1500mm were castincluding replacing to cement by its weight and its weightwith0.25% glass fiber experimental program was that the placement of high strength fiber reinforced prestressed flexural strength. All specimens were tested for single, Experimental, analyticalresults were compared. The low tensile strength and limited ductility, the unavoidable deficiency, of concrete can be overcome by the addition of fibers. In this research, an attempt was made to study the effects on shear,flexuralstrength of high strength prestressed concrete concrete beam specimens.


Water melon was peeled and the reddish flesh ground and oven-dried to make a paste. Ethyl acetate was used to extract the lycopene and the crude product was recovered by simple distillation. The lycopene crystals were obtain through crystallization of crude product by adding a mixture of methanol and benzene. Thin-layer chromatography using silica gel as adsorbent was carried out in order to purify the crystals. This was followed by recrystallization using a mixture of benzene and methanol. Identification was done using UV spectroscopy and the primary chemical test for lycopene was carried out. The quantity of extracted lycopene was measured and found to be 1.62mg per 50g water melon paste. Lycopene from water melon can be produced in commercial quantity and consumed as food supplement in order to reduce high death rate and enhance life span. Key Words—Lycopene, Water melon, Solvent extraction, Ethyl acetate.


The aim of this study was to find out the relationship between hospital structural factors and nurses' turnover rate. Nurse turnover rate and the hospital's characteristics was using Statistics for Hospital Management Data of Korean Health Industry Development Institute. The data were reported 247 hospitals in 2008 all over the country. The turnover rate among nurses was 32.0% in Korea as of 2008; those factors actually affecting the rate included whether the hospital was managed publicly or privately, the hospital size, region, the average salary for nurses, and the number of nurses per 100 beds. While each hospital had the turnover rate correlated with the total number of beds (r=-.322), the average salary for nurses(r=-.186) and the number of nurses per 100 beds (r=-.390), variables explaining the turnover rate were whether the hospital was managed publicly or privately, the number of beds, and the number of nurses per 100 beds (R=.257). In conclusion, nurses working in a privately-managed hospital and hospitals which had a smaller number of beds and which had a smaller number of nurses per 100 beds showed a higher turnover rate. Further study is required to elucidate the factors of the nurses' turnover.


Runway incursions have been a persistent problem in airport operations for decades, both in the National Airspace System (NAS) and worldwide. The deadliest accident in the history of commercial aviation occurred at Tenerife Airport in the Canary Islands. As commercial airliners become larger and airports more congested the potential for major accidents on the airport surface is expected to increase. Runway Status Lights (RWSL) have shown promise in precluding this potentiality through demonstrated operational suitability and measured reductions in runway incursions as cited independently in an audit by the US Inspector General. RWSL will be deployed to 22 airports in the near future. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has recently completed human factors assessments in support of the Federal Aviation Administration's (FAA) ongoing operational evaluations of RWSL at Dallas/Ft. Worth International Airport (DFW) and RWSL at San Diego International Airport (SAN). The evaluations of RWSL at DFW and SAN began in 2004 and 2006, respectively. In addition, we have been assessing preliminary data from an ongoing operational evaluation of the Final Approach Runway Occupancy Signal (FAROS) at DFW that began four months ago. The assessments were developed to evaluate the effectiveness and operational suitability of RWSL and FAROS in reducing runway incursions and preventing accidents. The human factors assessments conducted to measure and record RWSL and FAROS operational suitability are presented here (with the FAROS data subject to change as the ongoing operational evaluation continues). The process established to include human factors research, development, and testing is specifically described.


Gremlin1 is a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) antagonist with a suggested role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We have analysed Gremlin1 protein expression in CRC and assessed its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics, including developmental pathway and prognosis.


The present contribution presents results of wavelet based methods for computing short-term Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in order to better identify respiratory events by means of analyzing only one lead electrocardiographic (ECG) recordings. Besides RR time interval variability, the performance of other approaches was investigated for the assessment of HRV, such as the intervals between the onsets of successive P waves (PP time series), PR intervals, or ST intervals time series. We analyzed their detection capabilities on respiration events, such as apneas, hypopneas, arterial blood O2 desaturation or arousals, which are used in the diagnoses and characterization of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). The proposed approach gives good results without prior baseline wandering elimination.


Patients "no‐show" in outpatient clinics is a worldwide challenge. Healthcare providers and patients suffer from negative impacts that include increased expenditure, clinical management ineffectiveness, and decreased access to care. This study aims to evaluate no‐show rate among extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy patients visiting endourology clinic and to identify the demographic and clinical predictors of no‐show.


A three-dimensional (3D) Haasen-Alexander-Sumino model (HAS model) has been developed to study the dislocation density and residual strain in the crystal. We compared the difference between calculation results and experimental results. The results show that the HAS model can evaluate the dislocation density and residual strain in the crystal semiquantitatively. And the residual strain for a multicrystal is lower than that for a mono-like crystal. In the case of mono-like crystal, the dislocation generation is small and the thermal stress cannot relax easily, then residual strain is high. In the case of the multicrystal, the dislocation generation is large and there are so many grains, then the thermal stress can relax easily and residual strain is low.


Potato growth and development is largely influenced by water and nutrient availability, light and temperature making it highly vulnerable to anticipated climate change. This study is undertaken to simulate the impact of climate change on potato production and to evaluate the various agro-adaptation strategies such as irrigation and fertilizer management. SUBSTORpotato model was used to simulate the growth and development of potato crop. This study was carried out for Kharagpur conditions in India. Simulation results indicate that 140 kg N/ha applied in 3 split doses gives the highest sustainable yield for both automatic drip and conventional furrow irrigation schemes. Automatic drip irrigation gave 44 % higher yield than conventional furrow irrigation. The study has revealed yield reduction up to 27.81 % and 40.7 % for conventional furrow and automatic drip irrigation respectively in future climate scenario.


This paper describes results which show that the spindlin gene has different forms on the tinamid W and Z chromosome, providing a sensitive and accurate procedure for a molecular, polymerase chain reaction-based procedure for sex identification of tinamous.