In order to investigate fertility reduction of tetraploid Hemerocallis,the meiosis and chromosome behavior of pollen mother cells(PMCs) in tetraploid Hemerocallis were studied using chromosome preparation technique.And the pollen viability was determined by vitro germination experiment.The results showed that PMCs meiosis of tetraploid Hemerocallis was abnormal:In prophase I,bi-nucleoluses were observed.In diakinesis,quadrivalent,trivalent and univalent were observed.Some of the chromosomes were found not to rank at equatorial plate in metaphase I and metaphaseⅡcells.In anaphase I and anaphaseⅡcells,there were lagged chromosomes,lost chromosome and chromosome bridge.At tetrad stage,triad,tetrad with micronucleus and polyed appeared.In meiosis,the normal PMCs were 60.18% and abnormal PMCs were 39.82%.The abnormal meiosis was the most important reason of pollen fertility reduction of tetraploid Hemerocallis.


Abstract The analysis of a frontal discontinuity is difficult as the hypothesis of isotropy commonly assumed by inter- polation schemes is obviously erroneous in that case. Starting from the semigeostrophic theory, the authors propose a kind of flow-dependent analysis based on the use of geostrophic coordinates. The idea behind this approach is that the discontinuity should appear much more regular in geostrophic space, and then it should better fulfill the above-mentioned hypothesis of isotropy. The validity of such a scheme is first checked in the Hoskins and Bretherton dry and inviscid shear model of frontogenesis. In order to treat more realistic cases, the authors introduce a filtered geostrophic advection coordinate (FGAC) using real wind instead of geostrophic wind. Applied to simulations of the wet and viscous Eady's problem, this procedure brings a clear gain with a maximum positive impact when data spacing is in the 100–200-km range. Finally, the authors apply this method to a high-resolution dr...


The development of the population potential model and its use both in the Soviet Union and abroad are reviewed. A formula proposed by O. D. Duncan, incorporating the so-called inner potential (equivalent to the actual population) in the formula for the population potential of a region or place is found to yield exaggerated high values for population centers. Interpolation of potentials on the basis of such peak values leads to considerable distortion of reality, as does the use of transport distance instead of straightline distance between interacting places. The author develops new formulas for the construction of population potential maps in an effort to refine the technique and extend its applicability to large-scale mapping.


Nursing theory-based practice will be increasingly relevant in the future. Nurses will realize the importance of having nursing theories to guide their work. In the same way that physicians have medical theories guiding their work, all nurses will be guided by nursing theories. Accountability in nursing care will be clarified when nursing and caring are based on theory and research. A factor contributing to the improved accountability of nursing in the future will be the substantive quantity of evidence-based care. It is thought that as accountability in nursing increases, so will the status of the nursing profession. In the future, nurses and physicians will practice side-by-side as equally valued colleagues who share expertise in different areas. It is expected that the world as a concept will gain significance in Eriksson's caritative caring theory (Lindholm, 1998). According to Eriksson (1987), the world can be seen in three different dimensions: the personal world, the social world, and the environmental world. It is in the world that human beings exist and experience health and suffering and, perhaps most importantly, it is where the act of caring takes place. In 2050, the well-being of humans and the welfare of the environment will need to interrelate seamlessly. Today, global warming affects all human beings, and human environmental consciousness has been awakened. Myers (1993) estimated that by 2050 there will be 150 million environmental refugees due to global warming. In 2050, these 150 million will account for 1.5% of an estimated global population of 10 billion (Myers, 1993). It is projected that by 2050 the overpopulated world will be competing for resources such as clean water and space. A scarcity of resources and the effects of global warming will force human beings into cooperation, hopefully leading to more considerate actions among people. The basic idea of caring is constituted by the caritas and their care providers. However, there will also be new barriers because of communicable diseases and, in some situations, patients may be completely cordoned off in separate areas, while loved ones can only observe through glass partitions or monitors with no ability to approach and or touch the patients. We believe that humanistic thinking will increase and nurses will rely more and more on the fundamental concepts of Eriksson's theory of caritative caring because they are already established and form the basis of clinical caring science practices (Lindström et al., 2006). Advancements in both caring science and clinical reality may require a reevaluation of concepts. It is hoped that in the future, clinical caring science will be robust and caring will be evidencebased. Studies and research will be considered a natural and important part of nurses' work. The rapid development of intensive care environments will create radical change in how nurses work in the future. We foresee new ethical problems and questions; for example, how can patient integrity be maintained in an ever more automated world where identification chips containing extremely personal information are the primary source of communication? How can nurses invite patients and their loved ones into the caring communion if technology isolates patients in protective zones? How will the spiritual needs of patients and their loved ones be addressed and heeded? And how will human needs for physical contact be preserved? We see the continuation and strengthening of the caritative tradition. The basic motive of caring is and will remain the caritative motive (Eriksson, 1990; Lindström et al., 2006). Caring is eternally and infinitely independent of technological development, and the alleviation of suffering and extension of empathy and hope will always require human attention.


Height is an important physiological parameter and is of high degree of heredity. In athletic sports,height is of great value and some sports have special requirements on athlete's stature. As an weight index, height is significant in scientific talent selection. There are two main ways to predict height in talent selection, i.e.,skeletal age and secondary sexual characteristics. But they relatively lack scientificalness in predictability. With the development of the technology of molecular biology and molecular genetics, height gene researches are carried out in a deep-going way. There are two kinds of these researches. One is candidate gene study, and the other is genomewide association study. Gene researches of height provide a scientific and effective way for height identification of athletic talent selection, which has a bright future.


We report our initial experience with transcatheter closure of ventricular septal defects (VSD) using the Rashkind device. Transcatheter closure of 25 VSDs was attempted in 16 patients with a median age of 2 (range 0.1–4) years and a median weight of 11 (range 4.1–19) kg. The location of the VSDs was apical in 14, midmuscular in 8, and anterior muscular in 3. Five patients had complex heart lesions, 10 patients had associated defects, including perimembranous VSD, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and coarctation of aorta. The remaining patient had isolated multiple muscular VSDs. The surgical repair of VSDs was a high‐risk option in all the patients. Of the 25 attempted closures, 22 devices were placed successfully. Nine patients had a single device, four patients had two devices each and one patient had a total of five devices placed. In two patients attempts to close three VSDs were associated with major problems/death. Fourteen patients have been followed up for at least 1 year and all are doing well. Five patients, who otherwise remain asymptomatic, have a trace residual shunt. The fluoroscopy time ranged from 51 to 205 min (median 110) and the procedure time 120 to 300 min (median 200). The transcatheter closure of VSDs acts as a palliation as well as a definitive therapeutic modality in some patients with surgically inaccessible VSDs. Deployment of multiple devices in a patient is feasible. Increased experience may diminish the initial rate of complications. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 46:43–48, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Objective To study the influence of low intensity ultrasound on the contraction of in vitro human postpartumuterine smooth muscle. Methods The human postpartum uterine smooth muscle in vitro were irradiated by low intensity ultrasound (0.8 MHz, 2 W/cm2) for 10 min. The contraction frequency and amplitude were recorded with BL-410 biological experimental system, and were observed under light microscope after irradiation. Results It could be seen that the contraction frequency, amplitude, tension and contraction activity increased significantly during ultrasonic irradiation (P0.05), and no obvious morphologic change of uterine smooth muscle was found before and after irradiation. Conclusion Low intensity ultrasound can induce in vitro human postpartum uterine smooth muscle contraction.


Abstract:Richard E. Kim's critically acclaimed best seller The Martyred (1964), an existential account of the Korean War told through the eyes of a South Korean officer, crafts highbrow literary aspirations from the politics of Cold War integration. Long unread by Asian America, its middlebrow dictates fasten to existential designs to fashion a singular fiction in which a proto-American subject emerges out of the hinterlands of the Cold War. The first part of the article explores the novel's central mystery of Christian martyrdom in the context of a modern history of religious revivals in Korea; the second turns to the politics of the skeptical figure of the protagonist. In transporting political interests into philosophical terms, The Martyred reveals an ongoing process by which Asians become Americans.


SummaryThe ultra-violet component of sunlight inactivates the infectivity of purified tobacco mosaic virus RNA. The rate of inactivation in summer is high enough to suggest that ultra-violet radiation from sunlight may damage a significant proportion of certain kinds of RNA molecules in exposed plant tissues. The sunlight-inactivated TMV-RNA can be photoreactivated in tobacco leaves.


Abstract Due to its unsurpassed capability to engage in various sp hybridizations or orbital mixings, carbon may contribute in expanding solid‐state nitrogen chemistry by allowing for different complex anions, such as the known NCN2− carbodiimide unit, the so far unknown CN3 5− guanidinate anion, and the likewise unknown CN4 8− ortho‐nitrido carbonate (onc) entity. Because the latter two complex anions have never been observed before, we have chemically designed them using first‐principles structural searches, and we here predict the first hydrogen‐free guanidinates TCN3 (T=V, Nb, Ta) and ortho‐nitrido carbonates T′ 2CN4 (T′=Ti, Zr, Hf) being mechanically stable at normal pressure; the latter should coexist as solid solutions with the stoichiometrically identical nitride carbodiimides and nitride guanidinates. We also suggest favorable exothermic reactions as useful signposts for eventual synthesis, and we trust that the decay of the novel compounds is unlikely due to presumably large kinetic activation barriers (C−N bond breaking) and quite substantial Madelung energies stabilizing the highly charged complex anions. While chemical‐bonding analysis reveals the novel CN4 8− to be more covalent compared to NCN2− and CN3 5− within related compounds, further electronic‐structure data of onc phases hint at their physicochemical potential in terms of photoelectrochemical water splitting and nonlinear optics.


This research was conducted in the area of reclaimed land E2 Pit PT. Tunas
Muda Jaya Busui is located in the village, Batu Sopang district, Paser Regency,
East Kalimantan. PT Tunas Muda Jaya is a company engaged in coal mining. The
objective of this research was to know the amount of erosion in the reclamation
land and management that can be applied to solve the erosion in that area. The use
of small plots in measuring the land erosion are intended to determine the amount
of erosion that occurs on the land and to determine the amount of flow of surface
water (run-off) in the area. Small plots are made at three places with different
vegetation and slope. The entire of the place is named plot A for the planted
primer area like sengon, Plot B for the planted cover crop area and plot C for the
planted primary area like sengon and cover crop.
The methods used in this research are survey method, laboratory analytical
method and mathematical method.This study was conducted in several stages,
namely preparation stage, the stage of fieldwork, laboratory work phase, the
evaluation phase and the phase of preparation of the report. The parameters used
in this study are the climate, topography , vegetation, land and runoff. It aims to
know the amount of soil erosion on land reclamation and to know the
management that can be applied to overcome the erosion.
Based on the calculation of soil erosion and run-off, it is obtained that the
highest result is Plot A. Plot A is the primary crop planted area like sengon that
aged 7 months. Plot A had the highest erosion as much as 933.107 kg / month and
run off as much as 1246.3 liters. Vegetative method and mechanical method can
be applied to overcome erosion on reclaimed land.
Keywords: erosion, small plots


Through the measurement regression model depending on weekly and monthly data of the returns and volume of 25 closed-end fund and the Shanghai bonds from March 2008 to December 2011 and three kinds of popular indicators (Investor Confidence Index, AR targets, indicators of psychological line PSY during the same period, we can find four important conclusions: 1) Whether long-term or the short-term, the market sentiment indicator and the Fund show a positive correlation; 2) In the short term, the fund's transac- tion and the returns of the fund show a positive correlation, but in the long term, the fund's transaction can't explain the retunes of the Fund; 3) The returns of the fund and the returns of the bonds show a negative cor- relation; 4) Current sentiment indicator explain the returns of the funds for the same period, but the power of the explanation is weak for the next period.


Both dislocation density and character in cold rolled stainless steel cause the change of acoustic nonlinearity. An analytical model considering the different oscillating motion of edge and screw dislocations is presented for the generation of ultrasonic harmonic wave during the process of multiplication and motion of dislocation. Results reveal that the edge dislocation induces stronger acoustic nonlinearity response than screw dislocation. The new model is certified by the application to the cold rolled stainless steel.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing shea oil microcapsules. Said method is characterised by that shea oil is dissolved in dimethyl sulphoxide, the obtained mixture is dispersed in a suspension of sodium alginate in butanol in the presence of E472c, followed by addition of isopropanol and water, filtering and drying the obtained suspension of microcapsules, wherein the nucleus/polymer ratio in the microcapsules is 1:1 or 1:3. EFFECT: invention provides a simple and fast process of producing shea oil microcapsules and increases mass output. 2 ex


Most Human Factors/Ergonomics personnel participate as team members as part of their employment. To prepare them for this, graduate programs need to provide students with one or more team building experiences while they are in Graduate School. The purpose of this panel is to lay the groundwork for a "best practices" document so educators can take advantage of what others have tried. Hopefully the exchange of information at the 2004 meeting will lead to a "Guidelines" document that can be circulated among interested members of the Educators Professional Group and discuss at the 2005 meeting. The guidelines should describe what works, what doesn't, and perhaps provide some insight as to why.


Article History Published Online: 05 July 2018 As cloud computing becomes more flexible and effective in terms of economy, data owners are motivated to outsource their complex data system from local size to commercial public cloud. Sharing of resources on the cloud can be achieved on large scale since it is cost effective and location independent. In this paper, we propose a cloud resources mediation service offered by cloud service providers, which place the role of trusted third party among its different tenants. This paper formally specifies the resource sharing mechanism between two different tenants in the presence of proposed cloud resource meditation service. The permission activation and delegation mechanism among different tenants are demonstrated using four modules tenant management, CRMS (Cloud Resource Mediation Service), TAC (Tenant Access Control) and resource handling.


Mediation as a mechanism for decision making/peace agreement becomes the main authority of the parties to the dispute and maintains good relations. Mediation is fair because each party negotiates a solution to the problem with a win-win solution. Through Supreme Court Regulation (PerMA) No. 01 of 2008 concerning Mediation, mediation has been integrated in the court system. Mediation according to Article 1 paragraph 7 Perma No. 01 of 2008 is a way to resolve disputes through a negotiation process to obtain the agreement of the parties with the assistance of a mediator. Any decision of a judge who is not mediated first, then the decision is considered null and void by law. Divorce is the termination of the relationship between husband and wife both divorce and divorce. Before the judge decides the divorce case, mediation between parties is first carried out. The success of mediation is very minimal in divorce cases, this can be seen from the still many divorce cases in the court. This is an urgency in this study, where the application of mediation in divorce cases, especially in the District of Simalungun District. This research is a normative juridical research with literature study data collection techniques by examining literature-literature and analyzing regulations that are relevant to this research. The results of this study are expected to determine the implementation of mediation divorce cases in the Simalungun District Religious Court.


At the present stage of motivation psychology's development, the problems of forming and controlling professional motivation take center stage. This article reviews motivational structure of professional consciousness, outlining semantic nature of professional administrative activity motives. The author proves that in professional training, digestion of communicative system of linguistic signs in which mental objectivization of professional personality takes place allows to regard verbal products of a subject of work as an associative field of digested meanings (psychosemantic approach). A comparative analysis of psychosemantic nature of professional motives of future managers (manager students) and experienced managers (active executives) was presented. Mental lexicon of students and active managers with developed professional consciousness was analyzed. A structural similarity of motivational sphere taking shape in manager students and already existing in professional managers was proved, with the only difference between the two groups found in the expressiveness of certain motivation indicators. Mental lexicon of managers is dominated by the markers of such motives as desire of power, success and preventing failures, while that of students features fear of power and desire to prevent failures. Managers are relatively less affiliative and more persistent in preventing failures. The presence of hope for support and fear of being neglected in students opposes to the absence of that in managers. Therefore, psychosemantic nature of administrative activity motives found in the consciousness of future and active managers showed their similar structure but different qualitative content, revealed the possibility of future professional's professional development via formation of professional motives in an active professional, and proved their belonging to the same form of professional consciousness.


The occurrence of COVID-19 has a strong impact on individuals' as well as public life. This Special Issue brings together research on language and communication addressing the challenges resulting from the Corona virus situation. Seven original papers followed by a discussion, address research on language and communication related to COVID-19 using different theoretical backgrounds, methodological approaches, as well as different foci on individual, interpersonal, and intergroup perspectives. The foci addressed in the contributions of the Special Issue stretch from discrimination and intergroup stigmatization to the laypeople's perception and evaluation of science and health communication messages.


The aim of this article is to apply the framework of the Layered Structure of the Word (LSW) to the derivational paradigm of Old English HRĒOW, thus contributing to the debate over morphology in structural-functional models of language such as Role and Reference Grammar. In general, the line is taken that, although full regularity is an unattainable aim in morphological analysis, a combination of projections and constructions on the explanatory side and syntagmatic as well as paradigmatic analysis on the descriptive side can explain certain synchronic regularities in derivational morphology and take a new look at some unproductive patterns. In synchronic analysis, this research concentrates on processes that apply regularly if the definitions of the source and target category of the derivation are taken into account. In this framework, functional categories may undergo functional adjustment and produce, through linking meaning-form that operates on lexical structures, fully specified words represented by means of the LSW. In diachronic analysis, the derivational paradigm states morphological relatedness both in the synchronic and the diachronic axis. At the same time, the Nuclear Shell Principle stipulates that the Nucleus of the LSW isolates opaque non-productive stem formations that are recoverable in the diachrony only, thus distinguishing unproductive from productive processes in the synchrony. A discussion of the relevance of the LSW to cross-linguistic analysis yields the conclusions that the layered morphological structure and the morphological template are applicable to non-Indo-European languages and that lexical negation, modification, causativity, and relators are leading candidates for universal lexical operators.


Objective:To introduce recent advances of suppressive oncogen P53and the nephroblastoma(Wilm's tumor).Methods:To reviewthe related literatures and to make a summary.Results:The P53appeared mutation,lost or abnormal expression in Wilm's tumor.Conclusion:The Wilm's tumor has close relationship with the P53gene.


The article actualizes the specifics of the problems of the theory of knowledge of Chinese philosophical thought, in determining the most important aspects of the teachings of famous thinkers. It is shown that the features of cognitive activity occupied one of the most important places in the philosophical problems of China. And the main feature of the teachings was that the original principle of knowledge was a symbolic embodiment of the idea of unity and harmony in the entire universe. It is noted that the theory of knowledge in the teachings of philosophers, was able to implement the implementation of special ideas in life, forming the way of thinking of the Chinese, and preserved up to the present. At the same time, the indicated ideas have become for Chinese society, not just a philosophy, but also a guide in life in all its manifestations. The author hopes that the presented study will be able to provide an individual with important features in relation to the current views on the search for truth and possible ways to overcome difficult life situations that have developed in Chinese philosophy


There are some shortcomings in ease of use of the existing filtration technology. This paper presents an object-oriented method of filtration: filtering tree structure. Its main objective is to maximize support for users' complex filtering requirements without increasing the complexity of UI. This paper then gives a reusable object-oriented framework of the filtering tree structure. This paper also does the comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of the three related filtering technologies. Finally, this paper presents how to apply the filtering tree structure in actual software applications and show an application for illustration.


This article starts with a brief discussion of Hood's notion of bi‐musicality and considers several reports in the literature of learning to perform as a research technique. The author's experiences of learning to play dutâr and rubâb in Afghanistan during the 1970s are described in some detail. The article concludes with a discussion of the many advantages of learning to perform as part of the fieldwork enterprise.


The numerous existing methods for prediction of oil and gas production are reviewed, and the principle of conventional combi- nation forecast method is explicated. The method for determining optimal weights in combination forecast based on least square method is improved. A novel method based on BP artificial neural networks is proposed, which is also applied to the case study in this paper. The results show that this novel method or model as a preferential technique can be used to effectively improve the accuracy for prediction of oil-gas production.


Physical spin configurations corresponding to topological excitations expected to be present in the XY limit of a purely quantum spin 1/2 Heisenberg ferromagnet, are probed on a two dimensional square lattice. Quantum vortices (anti-vortices) are constructed in terms of coherent spin field components as limiting case of meronic (anti-meronic) configurations. The crucial role of the associated Wess-Zumino term is highlighted in our procedure. It is shown that this term can identify a large class of vortices (anti-vortices). In particular the excitations having odd topological charges form this class and also exihibit a self-similar pattern regarding the internal charge distribution. This manifestation of different behaviour of the odd and the even topological sectors is very prominent in the strongly quantum regime but fades away as we go to higher spins. Our formalism is distinctly different from the conventional approach for the construction of quantum vortices (anti-vortices).


A number of polyphenolic compounds present in fruits and vegetables have the capacity to modulate immune responses; however, the impact of the common plant‐derived flavonoid myricetin on T lymphocyte function has not been investigated. We show that myricetin inhibited mouse T lymphocyte activation by bead‐immobilized anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28 monoclonal antibodies, as indicated by a dose‐dependent reduction in cell proliferation and decreased synthesis of interferon‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐4, and IL‐17 associated with different T helper cell subsets. This effect was attributed to myricetin‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) since myricetin caused hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to accumulate in cell‐free culture medium and H2O2 inhibited T cell proliferation and cytokine synthesis. In addition, the antioxidant N‐acetyl cysteine restored the ability of myricetin‐treated T lymphocytes to proliferate in response to a mitogenic stimulus. The presence of dendritic cells or bone marrow‐derived macrophages negated the inhibitory effect of myricetin on T cell activation, and H2O2 in T cell cultures that were treated with exogenous H2O2 was reduced when antigen‐presenting cells were also present. These findings suggest that antioxidant molecules produced by dendritic cells and macrophages protected T cells from myricetin‐induced oxidative stress, and underscore the importance of considering immune cell interactions when evaluating the immunomodulatory activity of ROS‐generating phytochemicals.


Installation-stretching for steel strips and metal, especially in the thickness range of 0, 1 to 4 mm, with a set of braking rollers (rollers 1-4) that, in combination with the driven roller (5 ) forms a first path for drawing or stretching zone, and with a set of drawing rollers (rollers 6-9) that form with the driven roller (5) a second path for drawing or stretching zone, wherein the length of paths or stretching zones first and second amounts in each case to at least 0, 5 times the maximum width of the band.


The present invention provides a process for dewatering sludge, the sludge treatment belonging to the technical field. It solves the existing high cost of living sludge treatment and serious pollution problems. Domestic sludge dewatering process, comprising the steps of: step a: mixing the sludge with water with stirring to form an initial slurry sludge; Step: sulfuric acid, stirring after initial treatment sink; three steps: adjusting the initial addition of calcium oxide pH value of the slurry sludge, and the second sink treatment; four steps: dilution water again to form a secondary slurry sludge; step five: pressure in a filter press, the secondary sludge slurry to solid-liquid separation occurs and dehydrated cake is formed; step six: the dehydrated cake uniformly stacked, and natural drying. It is capable of domestic sludge drying process, and compressed into a solid block structure, to facilitate recycling.


This document discusses the need for delegation of the E.F.F.3.IP6.ARPA DNS zone in order to enable reverse lookups for 6bone addresses, and makes specific recommendations for the process needed to accomplish this.


Cocoa is the cash crop for smallholder farmers in Southeast Sulawesi. In the past two decades cocoa is the leading commodity as the valuable crop in the dry land. Nowadays, farmers are facing the problem with low productivity due to aging crop, pest and disease attack. In order to increase household income and improving the productivity, research and development are needed with providing assistance and advancing to smallholder farmers. The activities aims to: a) Improve the knowledge and skills of farmers in cocoa farming in Kolaka Regency, b) Accelerate the adoption of cocoa technology innovations to users. This study was carried out in May till December 2017, in Lalombaa village, Kolaka District, Kolaka Regency. The focus of activities in the first year is mentoring and learning for cocoa cultivation farmers. Survey with a structured questionnaire guide were conducted and description methode was analyzed and presented in tabular form and interpreted descriptively. The results of the study showed that, from an economic point of view, that farmers who applied the recommended technology were able to get an income of IDR 22,680,000, - / ha per year with R/C 2.04, means that the farming is profitable. Meanwhile, the existing farmers only get IDR 10,615,000, - / ha.


The invention discloses a system and a method of an application process (AP) reverse control non-authoritative unauthorized access code (AC). The system comprises a wireless network which is mainly composed of an AC, a plurality of APs and a certificate server, the AC comprises an AP conjunction communication units, the plurality of APs comprise an agency AP and other non-agency APs, and the agency AP comprises a nonconjunction AP communication unit, a conjunction AC communication unit, a conjunction certificate server communication unit, an unauthorized distinguishing unit and a reverse control unit. Each unauthorized AP comprises a conjunction AP communication unit, a conjunction AC communication unit and a reverse control unit, and the certificate server comprises a certificate management unit. The system has the advantages that when infringement of an AC soft certificate occurs, reverse control for the AC can be achieved by the APs.


Small diameter pipe inspection robot which can move itself in some special pipeline is faced with many obstacles. In order to solve the above difficulty, a coaxial twin-traction inspection robot driven by wheel mechanism, which moves in helix along pipeline, is advanced. The thesis introduces detailedly the calculation method about every design parameter, and try to solve a series of control problem of pipe inspection robot, such as crankle leading, bestraddling over obstacles and hollow step etc.


When using the Cobb-Douglas (C-D) production function to measure the contribution rate of agricultural technological progress (ATP), it is necessary to estimate the output elasticity coefficient (OEC) of each input factor in C-D production function. For this purpose, it is usually necessary to take logarithm at both sides of C-D production function and convert it into a linear function, and then use regression analysis method to estimate the OECs of input factors. However, there are some problems in this method remains unsolved: first, the OECs estimated by taking logarithm of C-D production function are not the optimal estimation of the original C-D production function; second, the regression results sometimes fail to pass statistical test; third, some OECs cannot be guaranteed to be non-negative. Aiming at resolving these problems, a method for estimating OECs in C-D production function based on the Hybrid Improved Bat Optimization Algorithm (HIBA) was proposed. This method solves the problems existing in the OEC estimation methods in the existing literatures. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method in this study, the OECs of input factors in China' Sichuan Province from 1996 to 2018 was estimated. The estimation results show that, compared with other estimation methods in the existing literatures, the proposed method can not only guarantee that it is the optimal estimation of the OECs in the original C-D production function, but also ensure that the OECs are non-negative and with high precision and good fitting effect. Finally, based on the estimation results, this study measured and analyzed the contribution rate of agricultural input factors and ATP of Sichuan Province and puts forward corresponding suggestions for the agricultural development in this region.


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a lesson program, a storage medium, and a lesson apparatus for managing schedule until an event and providing a lesson for the event to a user. SOLUTION: On the basis of the kinds, and date and time of the event input from a touch panels 4A and 4B for receiving the input of date and time of the event, a schedule control section 71 sets the schedule of a lesson and stores the schedule in a schedule storage section 62. When power is turned ON, the schedule control section 71 checks the present date and time and the schedule stored in the schedule storage section 62 to carry out the lesson. COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT


Clustering is an unsupervised form of machine learning that groups similar data into clusters. The conventional way of clustering was to find a distance measure between them and cluster accordingly. However, the notion of similarity works best when the data to be clustered is numeric. The other form of data available is data with categorical attributes. Categorical data categorizes data on a nominal scale separating each cluster into a logically separate concept. There arises difficulty in clustering categorical data due to non availability of proper numeric representation of data. This paper surveys the different aspects of clustering categorical data and the related clustering algorithms proposed till date.


In the present study, a surface layer of TiC-CNT hybrid compositecoating has been developed on low alloy steel (LAS) by using powder preplacement and tungsten inert gas (TIG) torch melting techniques.The weighed powder mixture with the content of 1.0 mg per millimeter square area and containing TiC-4wt. % CNT particles was preplaced on LAS surfaces using a suitable binder and then melted under the TIG arc with an operating current of 100 A and energy input of 1440 J/mm. The microstructural and microhardness characteristics of the processed composites coating were analyzed using SEM, EDXand Vickers microhardness testers. Under the melting condition used in this investigation, the arc completely dissolved the composite powder mixture that resolidifiedinto a melt track with radial marks and smooth surfaces. Themelt cross sections were hemispherical in shape and produced 1 mm deep hard coating layer which were free from porosity and cracks. SEM micrographs TiC-CNT hybrid coated surface glazed at 100A consists of fineprecipitated TiC in form globular and cubic dendrites and this is the reason for hardness increment to an average of three times greater than that of substrate value. The result obtained indicated that TIG arc melting process is applicable to generate resolidified layer of precipitated TiC microstructure with uniformly distribution in the coating region.


This paper deals with the cost optimization of a hybrid solar, wind and hydropower plant using a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) approach. PSO is a technique that belongs to Swarm intelligence, an artificial intelligence (AI) technique, known as a Meta-heuristic optimization solver, mostly used in Biology. With the consideration of solar, wind and hydro hybrid system which has become extremely relevant for developing countries, and also the existence of a wide list of constraints, the adoption of PSO technique cannot be avoided. On the other hand, a linear optimization approach was used with Matlab software to solve the same problem. Both techniques were applied to secondary data collected from RetScreen Plus software for the location Accra and results were extracted in terms of distribution of supply by individual sources and cost of hybrid system electricity. Results show in general, an improvement of hybrid system cost of electricity. A histogram was used to show the distribution of supply for the particular load and the equivalent cost of hybrid system that corresponds to it. A khi-sqaure test ws run to compare the two series of data obtained from the two approaches adopted. The Khi-square test show high similarity confirming the reliability of the PSO approach which on the other hand presents the advantage of scalability over a wider range of sources with multiple constraints.


Applied Physics
Intensity and pinpoint focus over long distances are probably the most familiar features of laser light. It is the spatial and temporal coherence of the light, with the photons in the laser beam marching in lockstep, that lends itself to the above features but also provides the most


In order to reduce input current distortions and improve power factor of a passive three-phase diode bridge rectifier, an active add-on-option circuitry ("Flying Converter Cell") has been introduced recently. A novel voltage balancing concept for such an active three-phase rectifier which is based on the third harmonic injection principle using a Flying Converter Cell (FCC) is proposed in this paper. It is shown that the midpoint voltage of the FCC can advantageously be used for balancing of the DC capacitor voltages without disturbing the input currents. The proposed balancing concept can simply be added to the existing controller structure consisting of current controllers and a voltage controller. Using the proposed active balancing any losses of alternative passive balancing concepts (resistor networks) can be avoided which maximizes the system's efficiency. The proposed concept is described in a simple mathematical manner, limitations of the concept are derived and basic operation is verified by simulation results. Measurement results taken from a laboratory prototype with an output power of 10kW finally demonstrate the good balancing characteristic of the proposed concept.


Electromagnetic levitation(EML) melting is a containerless processing technique,which has advantages of no contamination,melting uniformity,rapid melting and rapid gas-liquid phase balance on surface.According to the researches reported,the paper introduces the development of EML in these years,describes the basic principle of EML,discusses the structure design of levitation coil,analyzes the key problems in levitation,summarizes the application in the analysis of gases in metal,and prospects the application and the developing tendency of EML.


Since 1 May all traditional herbal medicines available in health food shops, pharmacies, and other outlets in the European Union must be formally registered and approved before they can be sold. The new rules mean that only products whose use is "plausible on the basis of longstanding use and experience" and whose quality and safety are guaranteed will be licensed.

The new requirements are set out in the EU's Traditional Herbal Products Directive. Agreed in 2004, the directive gave manufacturers of traditional herbal remedies a seven year transitional period to register their products already on sale in the EU with the relevant national authorities.

John Dalli, the EU health …


: It is shown that mass-parameter-dependent solutions of the imaginary-time magnetic relativitstic Schr¨odinger equations converge as functionals of L´evy processes represented by stochastic integrals of stationary Poisson point processes if mass-parameter goes to zero.


Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is one of the core advancements in the area of wireless communication, where the message is transmitted with the help of orthogonal sub-carriers. In this study, an OFDM system is implemented using 32-QAM symbol mapping. Further, a comparative study is carried out using three different symbol detection techniques, viz. Maximum likelihood, minimum mean square error, and zero-forcing. The channel models adopted here includes both AWGN and rayleigh fading. MSE and BER are the quantitative measures for performance comparison. The simulation results show that MMSE outperforms the other two techniques.


The invention discloses an operation tool guider which is easy to mount and separate, can shorten the operation time and avoid deviation from abdominal wall, and is free from a gas leakage risk to ensure that an operation is done smoothly and stably. The invention further discloses a protective cover for the operation tool guider. Even when the operation tool guider moves in various ways, the protective cover can still move with the operation tool guider according to the operation need to effectively prevent gas leakage, so that the operation is done smoothly, inconvenience caused by second injection of gas during the operation is avoided.


This note provides a chronological sketch of the development from the early 1990s ofthe Repeat Space Theory (RST), which had originated in the study of the zero-point energyadditivity problems of hydrocarbons in 1985. Interacting with the theories of dynamical sys-tems, operator algebra, and so forth, the RST has developed into a comprehensive theoreticalframework of axiomatic nature, which unites and solves, in particular, what we call globally-pertaining-type problems, or, for short, g-type problems; these constitute physico-chemicalproblems for whose solutions global mathematical contextualization is essential. In conjunc-tion with the author's communications with Prof. Kenichi Fukui, the genesis of the notion ofg-type problems has also been presented in this note. Through the vision the RST provides,it is foreseeable that investigations of the peripheral research domains of g-type problems inchemistry will play a significant role for future investigations, especially for those related tomacromolecules, physico-chemical network systems, and biochemical network systems, inthe vast uncharted interdisciplinary regions between chemistry and modern mathematics.KEY WORDS: repeat space theory (RST), additivity problems, Asymptotic Linearity Theo-rem (ALT), zero-point energy


Dq{f(x)} = f(x)− f(qx) x and we further define D q{f} = f , and for n ≥ 1, D n q {f} = Dq{D n−1 q {f}}. Recently, Niu, Li and Zhang (cf. [14, 15]) defined a more general q-derivative operator as follow. Definition 1.1. For any analytic function f(x) of one variable, the (q, c)-derivative operator Dc,x for fixed c with respect to x is defined by Dc,x{f(x)} = f(x)− cf(qx) x , and if f(x) is a constant function, then we set Dc,x{f(x)} = 0. It should be pointed out that Dc,x reduces to the usual q-derivative operator Dq when c = 1, and the following property of the operator Dc,x is straightforward (also see [15]) Dc,x{f(x)g(x)} = g(x)Dc,x{f(x)}+ cf(qx)Dq{g(x)}, (1.1)


This article is a summary of the research on religious group social distancemeasurement in Ternate. Data accumulated from questionnairesto 100 respondents and analyzed descriptively.Result shows that, in general, social interaction as friendship, job, socialpolitics, social religious and kinship relation of ethnic and religiousgroups is significantly close and categorized good.The friendship relation is the item with the highest percentage(67.5%) showing that the respondents did not consider religiousidentity as the relationship blockage. It is while the kinship relationwas at the lowest percentage 40% showing that most of respondentsdid not want " other people" to be a member of theirfamily


Aim to implement a comprehensive approach to treatment of patients with tuberculosis in anti-tuberculosis medical organizations.
Material and methods. Fifty-two patients and fourteen employees took part in the study. For psychodiagnostics, we used the "TOBOL" questionnaire, the diagnostics of professional "burnout" by K. Maslach, S. Jackson, the Wheel of Life concept by Paul J. Meyer. The data was analyzed using Mann Whitney U-test, Wilcoxon signed rank test.
Results. The older patients had a tendency for excessive vigilance and aggressiveness in their attitude to the disease. The harmonious and anosognostic types of attitude to the disease were prevalent in patients with permanent employment. The medical workers demonstrated a high level of emotional burnout. The training aimed at prevention of burnout was the part of the study. After the training, the registered values of emotional exhaustion were reduced by 7 points, the depersonalization score shifted from high to average, the reduction of personal achievements score raised by 5 points.
Conclusion. The age and social status can influence the type of attitude towards tuberculosis. Patients under 40 years of age with permanent employment have a more favorable prognosis of adherence to treatment and persistent clinical cure of tuberculosis. The introduction of an integrated approach to the provision of medical care with the mandatory presence of psychological support is relevant and necessary. This study substantiates the expediency of creating a psychological assistance office in a medical organization.


New epoxy resin system development over the past few years has largely been centered around minor structural variations on a few epoxy and hardener components in standard use. This paper will describe some of the chemical, physical and mechanical characteristics of completely new epoxy resin systems consisting of macrocyclic epoxy compounds and diaminobisimide hardeners. The epoxy resin components are polyglycidyl ethers of polyhydric macrocyclic phenols and are stable solids. They have moderate melting points and intermediate epoxy equivalent weights. When cured with the new hardeners in simple, low cost matrix formulations high T{sub g} value cured resin systems are obtained. The new diaminobismide compounds used as hardeners in these systems are made by novel technology which ensures that they are relatively pure monomeric compounds thus introducing a level of uniformity of product not previously seen in this type of compound. As they are of considerably higher molecular weight than hardeners in use at the present time, they give more scope for toughening composites made with these matrix materials. Despite the higher molecular weight, the new hardeners are more easily incorporated into practical formulations use at the present time. This paper will describe physical and chemical studies on the curing chemistrymore » of these new systems reported will be some results of toughening studies of the base systems by admixture with reactive rubbers and/or thermoplastics. Composite laminates fabricated from carbon fiber cloth impregnated with the new systems have been shown to possess particularly low water absorption and high T{sub g} properties. Some of the other key mechanical properties of these composites will also be reported.« less


Food access disparities are influenced by a complex food system in Minnesota that exemplifies a web of
factors: food production, distribution, marketing, and consumption. Food access is a health issue but also a community development, urban planning, and equity issue. Ensuring the availability of safe, nutritious, and culturally acceptable food is vital to maintaining healthy communities. Food access in particular is an issue of importance for Latino communities in Southeastern Minnesota given their role as key actors in the labor market that supports agricultural production and meatpacking, as well as the particular needs they may have as newly arrived communities. This document provides a comprehensive summary of all activities carried as part of project entitled 'Food Mapping with Latino Immigrants in Southeastern Minnesota'. The summary outlines the goals and objectives of the project, the tasks that were carried out in order to develop community engagement efforts, and tools that were considered for the project, our initial research findings based on our outreach efforts, and the outcome of this phase of the project.


Two articles from the Columbus Dispatch exemplify the ongoing debate about women in the military: "Women not right for all combat roles, Marines say"1 and "Famous flyer says women have place in flying—but not in combat plane."2 While the direct link between the two is women in combat, the underlying theme is the question of what role women should play in america's armed forces. When you take into consideration that these articles were written seventy-four years apart, it becomes all the more clear that as a society, women in the military continue to be a topic of debate. The first article appeared on sunday, september 20, 2015, and relates to the shift in policy allowing women greater access to battlefield positions, especially following the successful completion of two women from the army's Ranger program in august of that year. The second article appeared on sunday, December 7, 1941, the sunday paper printed prior to the attack at Pearl Harbor, and this article discussed in a more generalized nature the rise in female pilots and how they might be useful for ferrying planes to bases, but lacked the physical and emotional strength to fly combat missions or complete heavy transport operations. Just as Ranger graduates Capt. Kristen Griest and 1st lt. shaye Haver proved naysayers wrong in 2015, the members of the Women's airforce service Pilots


This paper will report on a research project funded by the Australian Football League (AFL).The research mobilises Foucault's later work on the care of the Self to focus on the ways in which player identities are regulated; and the manner in which players conduct themselves in ways that can be characterised as professional - or not. The paper explores the forms of risk management that Clubs use in the processes of talent identification that they engage in as a consequence of AFL rules. The paper discusses how psychological profiling is used to identify character traits prior to initial recruitment in the draft or trading processes - and reports on suggestions that risk management in this increasingly commerciaIised context may lead to recruitment practices that exclude certain types of persons. from certain types of backgrounds.


1. Seven species of Chlorophyceae and diatoms were cultured over a period of 56 days in two different basal media in the presence of graded concentrations of chromium ranging from 0.0001 to 32 p.p.m. 2. These algae, on the basis of the concentrations of Cr required for complete suppression of growth, fell into three groups as follows: (a) most tolerant, three members of the Chlorococcales, 3.2-6.4 p.p.m. of Cr; (b) intermediately tolerant, two euglenoid flagellates, 0.32-1.6 p.p.m.; (c) least tolerant, two diatoms, 0.032-0.32 p.p.m. 3. The organisms, on the basis of concentrations of Cr allowing optimum growth, showed greater similarity in sensitivity to Cr, with five of the seven species being unable to develop optimally in concentrations above 0.32 p.p.m. Chlorella variegatus grew normally in 1.6-3.2 p.p.m., while diatom #47 could tolerate no more than 0.032-0.32 p.p.m., depending on the basal medium. 4. Chromium in sublethal concentrations stimulated the growth of several of the organisms, especially on the synthetic, inorganic medium. 5. The composition of the basal media, one synthetic, the other similar but also containing soil extract, influenced both the growth vigor and the sensitivity of the organisms to Cr. Growth vigor and degree of tolerance for Cr were positively correlated.


Abstract This dissertation discusses 21 events of reducing capital and 380 events of Treasury stock. This period is from 2001 to 2007. There are 17 companies which use the strategy of reducing capital and 199 companies which use the strategy of Treasury stock. Main 4 topics this dissertation discusses: (1) if the reducing capital and the Treasury stock two strategies are all both positive signal? (2) To discuss the difference of the two strategies in accounting effects from individual. (3) To distinguish the growth rate and economy growth from two strategies from the apects of company and country. (4) To discuss the difference of two strategies in characteristic of company. The results: (1) using the reducing capital and Treasury stock all have the positive signals. (2) of the two strategies both cann't increase their company accounting effects. (3) cash reducing will make their growth rate decrease. The events of reducing capital will increase when depression and the events of Treasury sotck will decrease when bull. (4) company simultaneously carry on the cash to reduce the capital and the treasury stock, which has the characteristic of business condition stably, the cash abundant, debt lowly, the company scale big, the profit standard high, and the past capital stock expands fast, capital expand fast; But carries on reduces the capital many times, which has the characteristic of the profit standard low, and but uses the Treasury stock has the cash capacity unstable and the debt ratio to be high, the company scale small; uses the cash to reduce the capital have the characteristic of cash current capacity to be abundant, the debt relatively low, the company scale big characteristic; And the dividend are the substitude for Treasury stock. This study has three characteristics and contributions: (1) the study is the first discussed by the aspect of losing weight of enterprice. (2) to discuss the financial decision of the two strategies. (3) this topic for discussion is just for Taiwan, so can solve one of financial theory, free cash flow, a Taiwan particular way to solve.


To develop a method of compact tabletop magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) for rheological tests of tissue samples and to measure changes in viscoelastic powerlaw constants of liver and brain tissue during progressive fixation.


The rapid technological advances in the 21st century have a great influence on the education sector, especially in the use of learning media that utilizes technology. One way to improve student learning outcomes is through appropriate and exciting learning media using educational physics games. This research aims to observe the effectiveness of using educational physics games in enhancing student learning outcomes. The method of this research is by reviewing the literature and journals as many as twenty journals that can be accounted for and related to physics games and improve learning outcomes. The research is analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis through the literature study. The results indicate that there are some of the educational physics games using are categorized as not good in improving student learning outcomes. In learning media based on educational physics games, especially "board games and cards" has a high level of effectiveness based on increasing student learning outcomes. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the learning media has an important role, so that the games can be developed into Android-based game models, and students can access it to learn.


Baker, W. E., and R. R. Faulkner 2001 "Interorganizational networks." In J. A. C. Baum (ed.), The Blackwell Companion to Organizations: 520–540. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell. Brass, D. J., J. Galaskiewicz, H. R. Greve, and W. Tsai 2004 "Taking stock of networks and organizations: A multilevel perspective." Academy of Management Journal, 47: 795–814. Lincoln, J. R., M. L Gerlach, and C. L. Ahmadjian 1996 "Keiretsu networks and corporate performance in Japan." American Sociological Review, 61: 67–88. ses show repeated cross sections of whether a given tie was present, which is different from dynamic analysis of tie formation and dissolution. Lincoln and Gerlach make the methodological adjustments necessary to make the findings from a cross-sectional analysis plausible, but a dynamic analysis is still the preferred method because of its greater precision.


The 2008 election crystallized a growing tension between different understandings of the "prophetic" element of religious faith. The contrast between Sarah Palin and Barack Obama's "pastor problems" reflects a struggle between those who would consolidate established power and those who seek to expand democratic ideals by demanding greater integrity from the social institutions that claim to represent them. Competing discourses of the prophetic unfold in the context of a critical juncture in media and religion, as demographic and technological shifts promise to alter the course of religious politics. The current moment is an opportunity for critical scholars to intervene on behalf of a new, more progressive religious politics. This article contributes to such intervention in two ways: first, by analyzing how competing discourses of the prophetic unfolded during the election and second, by explaining how the "prophetic" can serve as a key organizing concept in contemporary critical scholarship.


Can Americans sustain their vital mobility and simultaneously meet the dual challenge of protecting their environment and meeting the growing demand for energy? This was the question put to the 24th Annual Joint Conference of the Eno Transportation Foundation's Board of Directors and Board of Advisors at Lansdowne Conference Center near Leesburg, Virgina, October 17, 1991. The day-long debate had as its theme "Mobility, Environment and Energy--Impossible?" The discussion focused on two research programs undertaken in 1991 through the auspices of the Foundation entitled "Transportation and Energy" and "Transportation and the Environment." Both studies will be published in 1992.


Quantitative studies of faunal dynamics based on estimates of rates of origination and of extinction are now commonplace for American fossil mammals (Webb, 1969, 1976; Raup and Marshall, 1980; Marshall, 1981; Marshall et al., 1982b), but do not exist for fossil birds. Selander (1965) described the transition from Pleistocene to Holocene in North American birds, and Brodkorb (1960, 197 1 b), Fisher (1967), Simpson (1980b), and Storer (1960, 1971 b) presented some data on turnover for fossil birds in general. All these avian studies are largely qualitative, however. Of course the rich mammalian fossil record lends itself more easily to a quantitative analysis than does the poorer avian one. But the avian record is not so scanty as is often believed by ornithologists working on Recent avifaunas, or by paleontologists used to the rich record of other groups of organisms. In the last two decades many new avian fossil taxa have been described, and many fossils described earlier have been re-examined critically (Feduccia, 1981). In this report I discuss the fossil South American faunas, reserving a comparative analysis of North and South American avifaunas for another paper. My study, based on a survey of all the fossil birds described from South America up to 1981 inclusive, is to the best of my knowledge the first attempt to estimate parameters of faunal dynamics in any Cenozoic avifauna. I address two specific questions: (1) Can fossil avifaunas be safely reconstructed on the basis of distributional data on Holocene faunas? Authors like Mayr (1964) have tried to reconstruct Cenozoic American bird faunas from Recent ones, whereas others, like Howell (1969), have restricted their reconstructions to the time since the Pliocene. (2) Can data on fossil birds be used to estimate the rates of origination of new taxa (based on first appearance in the fossil record), of extinction (last appearance in the fossil record), and hence of faunal turnover? Such estimates are important in fine-grained analyses of mammalian faunal successions, especially during the time of the Great Interchange (Marshall, 1981; Marshall et al., 1982b), and it would be valuable to have comparable information for the Class Aves.


Stack node preconditioning (SNP) and "mutex" techniques for charge-sharing noise reduction are incorporated into the critical path gates containing transistor stacks in 32-bit domino adders to simultaneously improve best achievable performance by 10% and reduce charge-sharing noise by 2/spl times/ in circuits containing transistor stacks.


In this paper, we present optimization of microstrip tapered baluns that used in frequency independent antennas such as sinuous and spiral antennas. In this method, tapering profile of the baluns is optimized so that to achieve better matching results for input impedance of coaxial cable to balanced antenna input impedance with a shorter length of baluns. For this purpose we've used an optimized non-linear transducer where continuous variations in the transmission characteristics along it, provides an optimum balance-to-unbalance. Applicability of these baluns has been simulated with Ansoft HFSS. Measurement results for a dual polarized planar sinuous antenna in the 2–18GHz frequency range, exactly match with theory and simulation results.


Abstract Although trees have high economic, cultural and ecological value, increasing numbers of species are potentially at risk of extinction because of forest loss and degradation as a result of human activities, including overharvesting, fire and grazing. Emerging threats include climate change and its interaction with the spread of pests and diseases. The impact of such threats on the conservation status of trees is poorly understood. Here we highlight the need to conduct a comprehensive conservation assessment of the world's tree species, building on previous assessments undertaken for the IUCN Red List. We suggest that recent developments in plant systematics, online databases, remote sensing data and associated analytical tools offer an unprecedented opportunity to conduct such an assessment. We provide an overview of how a Global Tree Assessment could be achieved in practice, through participative, open-access approaches to data sharing and evaluation.


Contemporary Australian Tort Law is an engaging, accessible and student-friendly introduction to the law of torts in Australia. This unique text covers the foundational topics of tort law in a logical structure, covering duty of care, breaches, negligence, damages and defences, and also branching into higher-level topics such as defamation and offences in public office. Each chapter is supported by tools for self-assessment and self-reflection: review questions at the end of each subheading; case boxes that delve into important historical cases; multiple-choice questions and longer, narrative problems that challenge students to apply the principles they've learnt in the chapter to 'real world' scenarios. This print and eBook combination is an indispensable resource for law students taking their first course in tort law.

Includes a clear overview of different torts and key legal principles
Principles text with a good range of cases with commentary in the text, hyperlinked to cases and legislation in the ebook
Presents a print and eBook combination with a multitude of supporting pedagogy for practical skills development


This chapter explores the often ignored interactions of foreigners with Yemen. Rather than a secluded society, Yemen is shaped by its many relations with foreign travelers, Asian and African communities, foreign students who study in Islamic and language institutes and Western diplomats and engineers. The interactions that are developed are often fascinating as they are characterized by complex and often ambiguous emotions.


Photonic reservoir computing uses recent advances in machine learning, and in particular the reservoir computing algorithm, to carry out complex computations optically. Experimental demonstrations with performance comparable to state of the art digital implementations have been reported. However, most experiments so far were based on sequential processing using time-multiplexing. Parallel architectures promise considerable speedup. Recently, a reservoir computing architecture based on frequency parallelism was proposed by our laboratory, and a preliminary demonstration was carried out using optical fibres. In this system the reservoir is linear and the nonlinearity is provided by readout photodiodes. Here, we study in simulation an implementation of this frequency parallel architecture on an InP chip using a generic integration platform. This would dramatically reduce the footprint and cost of the reservoir. The input signal is encoded by modulating the frequency comb produced by a mode locked laser with a repetition rate of 10GHz. The update rate of the input is 2.5GHz. The reservoir, an active cavity with a time delay of 0.4ns, contains a phase modulator which is driven by a 10GHz RF signal, and a semiconductor amplifier to compensate the losses in the cavity. Readout is carried out by measuring the intensity of individual frequency combs and linearly combining them. We performed time domain simulations on a standard channel equalization task. The simulation takes in to account the phase and amplitude noise of the laser source, and the amplifier noise. The power leakage between neighboring channels at the de-multiplexer is also included. To evaluate the system performance, noise is added as a global parameter on the input signal to assess the SNR requirements. Simulation results show that the laser phase noise is far more important that other types of noise, hence the laser source design/operation should be optimized to achieve low phase noise comb.


The European Space Agency is preparing the development of the first ESA Remote Sensing Satellite (ERS) System. This first mission is oriented towards ice and ocean monitoring and the main mission objectives are of both scientific and economic nature: (i) to increase the scientific understanding of coastal zones and ocean processes; and (ii) to develop and promote economic applications related to a better knowledge of ocean parameters and sea state conditions. The payload of ERS-1 is composed of : (i) an Active Microwave Instrumentation (AMI) combining the functions of a Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), a Wave Scatterometer and a Wind Scatterometer, primarily for the measurement of wind fields and wave spectra and for all-weather imaging; (ii) a Radar Altimeter (RA), primarily for the measurement of significant wave heights; and (iii) an Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM), primarily for the measurement of sea surface temperature and ocean colour. The above payload will be assembled with an existing platform which is being developed in the framework of the French Remote Sensing Programme and will be launched by ARIANE 2 (or 3) in 1987 on a sunsynchronous orbit at 675 km.


The invention relates to an HDCP_KEY burning method under the insufficient Flash space of the display. The method is characterized in that when the display performs SMT stage, HDCP_KEY to be burned is combined with the software of the display to form a burning file, the burning file is burnt to the fixed address of Flash; the space reserved by Flash for the HDCP_KEY for is 512 bytes; when the display is turned on, the software of the display is utilized to completely move HDCP_KEY in Flash to the fixed space of 512 bytes in Eeprom; and when HDCP_KEY is needed to use, the HDCP_KEY moved to Eeprom is used for display. Therefore, when CodeSize is too large, under the premise of not adding extra cost, the two storing and reading codes of Eeprom and Flash are used to solve the problem that HDCP_KEY is burnt many times.


The present invention, ribonuclease (RNU) in the serum or plasma sample of a subject, catalase (CA) and by determining the amount of antibody to at least two combinations of the dipeptidylpeptidase V (DPPV) Aspergillus antigens, the Aspergillus infection in vitro diagnostics on. The present invention also relates to a diagnostic kit comprising said combination.


Hydrogenation ef benzene catalyzed by powdered tantalum monocarbide, which is known as a refractory material, was investigated at 25.一v2800C by use of a microreactor. The activity of tantalum carbide (TaC) was negligibly when evacuated at temperatures lower than 9000C, but it greatly increa$ed by the evacuatien above 1000"C. The surface area measured by krypto:n gas adsorpti◎識was nearly constant(1.5 m2/9)regardless of the evacuati◎n tempature・ Carbon monoxide or exygen pread$orbed on thus−activated catalyst was found to depress the activity, which became zero by the addition of around 3 iee mole of oxygen per gram catalyst. This value shows that around 60%e of total surface area is effective as active sites・ The catalyst poisoned with carbon monexid or oxygen was, however, completely reeovered by the evacuation 'tat around 700 or 10000C, respeetevely. These results suggest that the catalytic activation of powdered tantalum carbide produced by the evacuation at 10000C is attributable to the elimination of oxygen atoms一


Six adult female Murrah buffaloes of 10-12 years age were exposed to winter conditions when minimum/maximum ambient temperature were 5.4/24.1 o C. The skin temperature at forehead, middle pinna, neck, rump, forelegs, hindlegs was recorded using non-contact tempemture measuring instrument. Respiration mte and rectal temperature were measured throughout the 24 hr. The diurnal fluctuations and tempemture gradients have been reported for buffaloes. The changes in body temperature indicate that buffaloes during extreme cold conditions, in open area are not able to maintain their thermal equilibrium and, therefore, reduce temperature of appendages to conserve body heat effectively. Under such conditions adequate animal cover and protection from cold wind is essential.


The paper describes several methods of deriving minimum phase impulse response functions given only the amplitude frequency characteristics. The suitability of these methods for use in digital transmission system analysis is considered.


Tuberculosis (TB) remains an unsolved community health problem since identification of its causing microorganism called Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by Robert Koch in 1882. Annually, eight million TB cases are newly reported and 2~3 million patients die from TB. Pulmonary TB is highly infectious and untreated pulmonary TB patients are believed to infect >10 people in a year. The conventional methods for diagnosis of TB are chest X-ray and isolation of the causing microorganisms from patient specimens. Screening of TB is conducted with smeared sputum in slides, and TB is confirmed by identification of MTB in cultured specimens. One of the fatal pitfalls of screening detection for smeared sputum is that it is impossible to distinguish MTB and other acid-fast bacilli (AFB) because they are stained equally with Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain. Culture of MTB is the most reliable method for diagnosis of TB but it takes 4~8 weeks. In this report, we suggest a fast and highly-reliable MTB detection method that distinguishes AFB in sputum samples. Purified DNA from the AFB stained slide samples offered by The Korean Institute of Tuberculosis were used to detect infected MTB in patients. PCR, real-time PCR and reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA) methods were applied to purified DNA. Conclusively, the real-time PCR method was confirmed to produce high sensitivity and we were able to further detect drug-resistant MTB with REBA.


The article is devoted to live-action role-playing game as a synthetic project. It is spoken in detail about game script and algorithm of its creation.


We establish well-posedness conclusions for the Cauchy problem associated to the dispersion generalized Zakharov-Kutnesov equation in biperiodic Sobolev spaces H (


Our research was set up to find more detailed characteristics of the bacteriocin from R. albus 7 and its potential as alternative of antibiotics. We also tried to establish reliable production and semi-purification procedures. In our results, R. albus 7 could be cultured in the medium without ruminal fluid to produce bacteriocin effectively against five pathogens (Enterobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Samonella, Staphylococcus). MIC50 and MIC90 of R. albus 7 bacteriocin were as low as 0.75 mg/mL and 6.5 mg/mL, respectively. The bacteriocin is highly released after 24 hr of incubation. Inclusion of 3μM 3-phenylpropanoic acid(PPA)and 0.2 % Tween 80 in culturing medium improved 2.5 times production of bacteriocin. Native-gel electrophoresis showed that bacteriocin of R. albus 7 had a molecular weight about 33 kDa. Semi-purification procedure resulted in 23% recovery rate of bacteriocin by using the DEAE column in FPLC system. The bacteriocin of R. albus 7 could be destroyed by pepsin, protease, and pancreatin. It also could be inactivated after heating at 65℃for 1 hr. Simulated in vitro avian digestion decreased the antagonistic activity by 74.7%. But, addition 1% BSA could retain 13% more antagonistic activity. In conclusion, the bacteriocin of R. albus 7 is a heat-labile small protein. PPA and Tween 80 are recommended to be included in its production culture medium. DEAE column was suitable for its semi-purification. The bacteriocin of R. albus 7 has the chance as an antibiotic alternative with protectant added.


The article focuses on the need to reflect on how to help students of psychology to put out into the study of clinical psychopathology trying to avoid the danger of different reductionisms threatening the discipline. To this purpose this speaks about the importance of the phenomenological model, speaking of itspros and cons, and provides a description of the most significant problems and complexities that revolve around this discipline. Finally, it raises the need for an approach from the paradigm of complexity that can account properly for human psychopathology.


This paper discusses the objectives, functionality, and implementation of a tool that supports the online application for building permits for dormers. Using the simple interaction of this tool, civilians can design a dormer on their house and receive feedback on the necessity to request a building permit for the dor- mer. The tool also provides feedback on whether or not the design of the dormer passes the criteria that are posed by national and local authorities regarding the aesthetical aspects of dormers. The paper concludes with a discussion of future developments of this project as well as its impact for the innovation of civil administra- tion.


Byline: Deborah Lovrich Recent research in cognitive neuroscience has yielded a more comprehensive understanding of brain function. Some of these diagnostic techniques include the event-related potential (ERP), which depicts brain electrical activity, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET), which are particularly sensitive to the delineation of brain areas. These techniques provide an insightful look at cognitive processes that are not readily studied by behavioral measures such as surveys or reaction time. The advances in neuropsychological research have greatly added to our understanding of top-down and bottom-up processing. However, top-down and bottom-up processing is a neglected issue in education even though it is a critical component in language, attention, object recognition, and problem solving. Awareness of its role by teacher and student, though, may improve student learning. Defining top-down and bottom-up processing Bottom-up processing is stimulus-driven processing whereas top-down processing is driven by our knowledge, experience, and intentions, which are relatively voluntary and stimulus independent. For example, during bottom-up processing of a word, we notice the orthography and phonology of the word-the arrangements and sounds of letters in words. Our senses convert these stimuli to neural signals that are sent to primary, low-level areas of the brain. We then integrate the features in high-level areas. During top-down processing of a word, we can use our lexical knowledge, for instance, to identify the incoming word as we connect the word to our knowledge of other related words and concepts. Areas of the brain that coordinate information would be activated first during this high-level thinking. A similar analysis is possible with attention. When a child is given a cue about where an image will appear during a video game, the child will use top-down processing to selectively attend to that particular area. The child later uses bottom-up processing to analyze details of the image once it appears so he or she can make a response decision. In problem solving, excessive top-down processing can impede achieving one's goals. "A Ladder of Thinking for Students" (Lovrich 2004) used ambiguous pictures in a metacognitive lesson so students could discover how using their previous knowledge prematurely-before they finished bottom-up processing of all of the details-could cause them to misinterpret words or diagrams. Besides its application to cognition, this up-down directional nature of our thinking also manifests itself in neurophysiological measures. Intriguing findings from recent MRI, PET, and ERP studies of attention and language continue to be critically evaluated for evidence of top-down and bottom-up processing [for example, Federmeier and Kutas (2001), Frith (2001), Lovrich, Cheng, and Velting (2003), and Deacon et al. (2004).] See Figure 1 for an illustration of bottom-up and top-down processing. Relevance to education The existence of neurophysiological indicators of a cognitive process does not make an idea educationally fruitful. However, there is concern in science education that assessments reflect not only a student's scientific knowledge but other abilities as well (Clerk and Rutherford 2000; Harlow and Jones 2004). In the classroom, I often have motivated students who appear to have a deep level of understanding, yet perform poorly when asked to read questions and solve problems on an examination. When reviewing test corrections, students sometimes miss a word or part of a figure, suggestive of too much top-down processing. These observations and recent research findings made me suspect that these students were having difficulties in the encoding stage of problem solving, when the given features of a problem have to be noticed and remembered accurately (Davidson and Sternberg 1998). This is when bottom-up processing is essential. …


Products from the reaction of boron trifluoride and dimethyl sulphoxide on the 3α,4α-epoxy (7; 8), 4α,19-epoxy (9; 10), and 4α,5α-epoxy (11; 12) derivatives of both 18-norabieta-8,11,13-triene and 12-methoxy-18- norpodocarpa-8,11,13-triene are described. The mode of formation of the products is discussed, and a previous examination of the action of boron trifluoride in benzene on these epoxides is completed.


The objective of this research is to determine the real deflection of a concrete joist and correlate the result with theoretical deflection, which is based on a stress vs. deformation model which was proposed by Mander et al. (1988) for monotonic loads of reinforced and non-reinforced concrete. The construction of a concrete joist does not result in a 100% homogenous, isotropic, and linearly elastic element, since its production depends on many conditions, such as aggregate selection, water, cement manufacturing, tests performed for mixture design, the operator in charge of the mixture, and the construction of the joist. Therefore, research was carried out on the variation of real reflection with respect to theoretical calculations. To this effect, 30 simple-concrete and 30 reinforced-concrete joists were elaborated. They were tested by measuring their maximum deflection and comparing it to its theoretical counterpart. To calculate the theoretical deflection, a curvature moment diagram was elaborated with the Rect_Mom software by Restrepo and Rodríguez (2012), which uses the model by Mander et al. (1988). Experimental results showed a greater deflection than the one reported by theoretical calculations.


The supply and demand of crude oil has deen eased so much. They say, tanks of both consuming and producing countries are full of oil. Therefore, the producing countries in the Middle East Will try to maintain the present level of crude oil prices by reducing their production, While someone think of the price elasticity as such an important factor that the supply will overflow in near future.The participation in the Gulf countries has made rapidly, the complete nationalization by the host countries will come in near time. This means that the disposal right of crude oil is to be transferred from majors to host countries. So the crude oil market in tne world will be changed so much.Consuming countries, with taking into considerations after oil crisis, which include U. S. A., European countries and Japan, are now introducing the new energy program like Project Independence of America. Above all, the construction of nuclear plants are most expected to expand.


This special issue of the Journal of Illicit Economies and Development builds on a growing, multifaceted research and policy agenda that advances development perspectives of illicit economies in the Global South. Conventional policy discourses have typically framed this issue as a security problem, drawing direct and often simplistic causalities with underdevelopment. Illicit economies frequently drive violence, corruption, exploitation and failures in governance, for example. However, for many communities living in poverty and conflict-affected areas across the globe, involvement in illicit economic activity can also ameliorate the immediate problems they face. Illicit economies may provide vital sources of livelihood and underpin stable political orders and socio-economic development at the margins of the state. Broad, securitised policy responses may cause more harm than good in such contexts. Scoping the complex relationship between illicit economies and development, this introductory article outlines key themes of the special issue.


Let be a complex general linear group. In this paper we determine the structure of all Jordan triple product maps from to for . The results are applied to determine the structure of all continuous Jordan triple product maps between and for . These are the continuous maps which satisfy


Chitosan modified silver nanoparticles(chitosan-Ag NPs) were synthesized through liquid phase reduction with sodium borohydride(NaBH4) as the reductant and chitosan as the surface modification agent,respectively.The structure and morphology of the as-prepared nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry.The results show that the as-synthesized chitosan modified Ag nanoparticles have a face-centered cubic crystalline structure.The surface of Ag nanoparticles is coated by chitosan with the chemical bonds between amino,hydroxyl groups and Ag ions.The antibacterial properties of chitosan-Ag NPs against Escherichia coli(E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus) were investigated by broth dilution.The results show the as-synthesized chitosan-Ag NPs exhibit good antibacterial properties against E.coli and S.aureus.The grain sizes of nanoparticles have a remarkable effect on the antibacterial properties.


This paper aims to examine whether balancing exploration and exploitation rather than emphasizing one over the other leads to better performance. This study also examines the effects of different kinds of external collaboration on a firm's performance in relation to the firm's current innovative direction that shows firms' internal weighting of exploration or exploitation.,Data on Korean manufacturing firms collected from the Korean Innovation Survey were used to test the hypotheses. This study suggested the concept of innovative direction (θ) to examine current innovation capabilities about how much the firms focused on exploration or exploitation. The directionality of exploration or exploitation has not been reflected in previous measures of ambidexterity. Factor analysis and hierarchical regression were used to test hypotheses.,The findings suggest that balancing exploration and exploitation is beneficial for a firm's performance, and explorative collaboration is more beneficial for firms internally emphasizing exploitation. However, it showed that for exploration-oriented firms, exploitative collaboration does not supplement exploitative activities.,Inter-organizational collaboration helps to develop ambidexterity that leads to better performance. Because inter-organizational collaboration involves substantial costs and is time-consuming, selecting and maintaining partners has to be conducted carefully. Based on the currently pursuing innovative directions, firms can make more appropriate decision for finding external cooperative partners with much of efficiency. When firms find collaborative partners, it is the first thing to look inside themselves.,Previous studies mainly focused on the selection and balance of the partnership between exploration and exploitation without considering the role of an internal innovative strategy firms are currently pursuing. Identifying firms' current states and finding partners that can supplement any deficiencies provides the most efficient option for the ambidextrous organization. Consideration of inter-organizational collaborations based on the analysis of internal conditions will be fruitful for the study of ambidexterity.


Anti-abortionists in the Philippines have generated widespread fears in the country that tetanus toxoid used in the anti-tetanus vaccine campaign contains trace amounts of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to induce abortion. The World Health Organization (WHO) notes that this widespread, unfounded fear has already resulted in a 45% drop in tetanus toxoid coverage during national immunization days in 1995 compared to 1994. Since up to 5 million women were not immunized in 1995, 300-400 more babies will contract tetanus and die in the year to come. Pro-life Philippines is ostensibly the creator and supporter of these newly-generated fears about tetanus toxoid. The mass hysteria is, however, most likely part of a church-led campaign against the government's population policies and the popularity of former Health Secretary Juan Flavier. Millions of Filipino women have for years received anti-tetanus vaccines to prevent tetanus in both mothers and their newborn children. Tetanus remains a problem for newborns in the Philippines where local midwives often use unsanitary knives to sever the umbilical cord at birth. Since the immunization drive was stepped up in 1990, the number of babies affected by tetanus has fallen from more than 25 per day in the mid-1980s to four currently. The vaccine currently supplied by UNICEF has been used for more than 50 years in many countries and is one of the basics in immunization. The Department of Health notes no unusual increase in abortions since 1990, the year the anti-tetanus drive was accelerated. Prior to 1990, anti-tetanus vaccination had been going on in the Philippines since 1983. Even WHO assurances that tetanus toxoid contains no abortifacients have failed to allay public fear. It is unfortunate that the people and groups behind this misinformation campaign have done so much damage to a decidedly beneficial and needed health program.


This study aims to empirically examine the effectiveness of design thinking training to improve the intention to behave innovatively and creatively. The research method used to carry out this research is the Quasi Experiment Method. The results of hypothesis testing using t-test showed that there was no significant difference in creativity scores between before and after the training treatment. This shows that Design Thinking training is not effective in increasing creativity. However, the two alternative hypotheses were tested using t-test showed that there were significant differences scores of innovative behavior intention before and after treatment of Design Thinking. This shows that Design Thinking training is effective in increasing the intention to behave innovative. This research is expected to contribute studies on the effectiveness of the Design Thinking training method and produce a training module that can be used in the entrepreneurial learning process. Based on the results of this study, Design Thinking training can be used as a method to encourage innovative behavior.


Interaction of the solar wind with newly born cometary ions (0/sup +/) is studied through hybird simulations (particle ions, fluid electrons). The results show that depending on the orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) with respect to the solar wind velocity, two kinds of interaction are possible. When IMF is exactly or nearly parallel to the solar wind velocity, momentum transfer between the protons and the 0/sup +/ ions takes place solely through the excitation of large amplitude electromagnetic waves. On the other hand, as IMF becomes more oblique to the solar wind velocity, momentum transfer occurs on a faster time scale through the motional electric field in the solar wind. This more rapid deceleration can lead to the formation of a shock.


The article presents an overview of the relationship between language studies and teaching in Brazil, demonstrating how the results of linguistic research have been supporting mother language teaching and even the official guidelines for this activity in our country. Considering as a starting point volume 2 of Gragoata, which, in 1997, focused on language and literature teaching (O ensino da lingua e da literatura), this article highlights, in the present volume, the most recent contributions of linguistics to language teaching and learning, and also presents a synthesis of the other articles that take part of this issue.


AbstractExcessive ratcheting deformation is a typical failure mode of pressurized pipeline under repeated loads in practice. There are still very few studies regarding the analytical ratcheting lim...


(The object of this feature is to offer every quarter, schoIars and students as well as libraries, a compact bibliography of such current Indian publicatlons in the field of social sciences as are received from publishers. but not reviewed in this journal. While no claim is made to its exhaustiveness, it is hoped that this section, together with the review section of this journal, does list publicatlons of importance useful for libraries and research workers in the social sciences -MANAGING E DITO R) BARVE, Shashikant V., 'Introduction to classical Arabic: A contribution to Islamic and Oriental studies, 'New Delhi, Author, 1995. iv. various


Biostimulants are organic products made up of peptides and amino acids which are readily available to plants. Changes in farming are being caused by agro-ecological practices that take into account biodiversity and the way soil works. In agriculture, biostimulants can be used to keep plant growth and productivity without use of chemicals. Biostimulants can be used to identify and enhance specific soil microorganisms and they can help them grow and thrive. Soil microbial activity and the activity of important plant growth hormones or enzymes are also considered to help crops grow and yield more. The words "soil health" and "soil tilth" aren't new in the world of farming. Many factors, many of which are biological, affect the health of soil. With the application of biostimulants soil health gets improved by influencing soil health indicators. Chemical fertilizers affect soil environment, which ultimately affects the human and animal lives. Microbes in the soil called arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in maintaining long-term soil fertility by forming mutualistic relationships with the roots of food crops, which help them, grow and thrive. Plants thrive under biotic and abiotic stress, due to the activation of defense mechanisms through these substances. Biostimulants from seaweed extracts are very popular because they help plants to grow and be more resistant to stress. Repeated applications of biochar could make the soil more carbon-rich and productive, which could lead to more crop biomass and biological carbon sequestration over time. This review summarizes the description of biostimulants and their role in soil health.


Book file PDF easily for everyone and every device. You can download and read online The Passing of the Great Race file PDF Book only if you are registered here. And also you can download or read online all Book PDF file that related with The Passing of the Great Race book. Happy reading The Passing of the Great Race Bookeveryone. Download file Free Book PDF The Passing of the Great Race at Complete PDF Library. This Book have some digital formats such us :paperbook, ebook, kindle, epub, fb2 and another formats. Here is The Complete PDF Book Library. It's free to register here to get Book file PDF The Passing of the Great Race.


As a key technology of robot grinding, force control has great influence on grinding effects. Based on the traditional impedance control, a position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy is proposed to improve the grinding quality of aeroengine complex curved parts, which considers the stiffness damping environmental interaction model, modifies the reference trajectory by a Lyapunov‐based approach to realize the adaptive grinding process. In addition, forgotten Kalman filter based on six‐dimensional force sensor is used to denoise the force information and a three‐step gravity compensation process including static base value calculation, dynamic zero update and contact force real‐time calculation is proposed to obtain the accurate contact force between tool and workpiece in this method. Then, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, a simulation experiment which including five different working conditions is conducted in MATLAB, and the experiment studying the deviation between the reference trajectory and the actual position is carried out on the robot grinding system. The results indicate that the position‐based force tracking adaptive impedance control strategy can quickly respond to the changes of environmental position, reduce the fluctuation range of contact force in time by modifying the reference trajectory, compensate for the defect of the steady‐state error of the traditional impedance control strategy and improve the surface consistency of machined parts.


The Dunhuang scripture 5.529v is an important document containing a wealth of historical,geographic and Buddhist information.Scholars on Dunhuang have always been concerned about the document,but its naming,interpretation, value,and utilization have always been a matter for discussion.Naming it"The Tour of a Sacred Buddhist Scripture"would be proper.Collations and interpretations done by scholars like Zheng Binling and Du Douching,though imperfect,created favorable conditions for its utilization.


Determination of age represents one of the most important aspects in forensic identification. Through aging, changes can occur in morphological structures of the heart valves. The objective is to examine the relationship between the dim nsions of the rigth atrioventricular (tricuspid), pulmonary, left atrioventricular (mitral), and aortic valves and age at death. Sixty fresh human hearts were obtained from Department of Anatomy and Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of medicine, Chiang Mai University , Thailand. The age of individuals was between 20-90 years. We investigated the morphometric parameters of the valves were taken including: valve circumference, length, the height and area of each leaflet. All parameters were measured by using specific ima ge analysis software. The correlation test and predictive equation were established. The positive correlation between the circumfe ren e, area of posterior leaflet, height of anterior leaflet, and area of anterior leaflet of the rigth atrioventricular valve were fo und. The left atrioventricular valve showed correlation with age in circumference, length and area of posterior leaflet. For the pulmonary an d aortic valves, there were correlated between circumference at sinotubular junction and leaflet sizes in almost leaflets. The circumfer n e at sinotubular junction of the pulmonary valve was highest significantly correlation with age (r=0.693). The predictive equation w as age = -3.659+0.652(Circumference at sinotubular junction of the pulmonary valve) with standard error of ± 14.7 years. Additional knowledge of morphometric features in human heart valves and its relationship with age could be used as age indicator in forensic field.