The phase diagram (critical temperature and compensation temperature) and the total magnetizations in a nanoscaled transverse Ising thin film with thickness L and a negative interlayer coupling at the surfaces are investigated by the use of both the effective-field theory with correlations and the mean-field theory. Particular emphasis is given to the effects of the surface and its dilution on them. We have found that, for appropriate values of the system parameters, compensation point (or points) may be obtained in the present system with L = 5 (or L = 10).


Dietary zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) supplementation can affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients in pigs, especially of minerals. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary levels of Zn and Cu on their ileal (AID) and total tract (ATTD) digestibility and that of manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P). Six crossbred pigs were surgically equipped with a single-T cannula in their distal ileum. In cross over design, pigs received one of a four corn-soybean meal diets supplemented by two levels of Zn (100 and 500 mg/kg as Zn oxide) and two levels of Cu (40 and 80 mg / kg as Cu sulfate) for each period (7d with 2d for ileal digesta and feces collection). In this study, high level of Zn increased Zn and Mn AID (P< 0.01) but decreased Ca AID (P< 0.05). The high level of Cu improved Cu AID but only when high level of Zn was used (Zn x Cu, P< 0.051). The ATTD of Zn, Cu, Mn, and P were greater in pigs receiving 500 mg/kg of Zn (P< 0.01). The high level of Cu also increased its ATTD (P< 0.01) but reduced that of Ca when low level of Zn was added (Zn x Cu, P< 0.01). The post-ileal digestibility showed a significant absorption of Cu, Mn and Ca (digestibility different from 0). The post-ileal digestibility of Cu, Mn and Ca was greater when high level of Zn was added (P< 0.05). This study confirmed that the AID and ATTD of Cu and Zn could be affected by the dietary level of Zn and Cu in growing pigs. This study also showed that high levels of Cu and Zn reduced ATTD and AID of Ca but increased P ATTD. This last result is contradictory and must be confirmed by the analysis of phytic P.


The purpose of this research is to analyze the effect of tax dividend on share price. The research was conducted for non-financial firms on Kompas 100 category listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange period 2007 to 2014. In this research share price is measured by price earning ratio, tax dividend by tax rate on Indonesia Tax Law, and dividend policy by dividend payout ratio. Analysis of panel data with random effect model was used to analyze the influence of independent variable and the dependent variable. The result of this study indicate that the tax dividend has an effects to the share price with controlled by dividend policy.


Surveys were conducted in 1999 and 2000 to document the composition and distribution of the shelly (mollusk, echinoderm and brachiopod) fauna of the interti...


We present a novel ultrasonic (US) indoor localization system based on the time-of-arrival (TOA) principle realized with radio frequency (RF) synchronization. The US signal is assembled as a Gold sequence of chirp signals to guarantee a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and, at the same time, provide the position estimates of multiple mobile transmitters (MTs). By exploiting the TOA in the time domain and the Doppler shift in the frequency domain, position and velocity of the MT can be determined simultaneously. The concept is proven by means of both simulated and measured data and performs excellently even in a harsh industrial environment.


Ephemeral wetlands are an essential component of ecological systems in Illinois . They carry out many important functions that are imperative to a thriving environment. Ephemeral wetlands play an important role in flood control, act as reservoirs that trap runoff and reduce erosion, recharge aquifers and sustain other wetlands by entering the groundwater system, act as sediment traps thus improving water quality and slowing the sedimentation of lakes and rivers, filter excess nutrients and pollution from entering major bodies of water, and provide habitat for many unique and diverse organisms, many of which are threatened or endangered, particularly amphibians (Levin et al, 2002) . Many amphibian species depend on ephemeral wetlands for their survival. Such environments are typically fish-free, providing a suitable habitat in which these animals may reproduce without the threat of egg predation by fish . The forested ephemeral wetlands at the Perry County Mitigation Site demonstrate the utilization of such environments by amphibians in both reproduction and recruitment of offspring .


Small isolated wetlands are critical breeding habitat for many amphibians. Many of these wetlands are susceptible to destruction due to lack of regulation. Therefore, it is important to create new suitable habitat that can sustain healthy wildlife populations to mitigate loss. Concentrations of corticosterone, a hormone related to stress, development, and growth, can indicate a populations' health and habitat quality. The objective of our research was to determine if certain habitat characteristics in created wetlands influence corticosterone levels of Spotted Salamander (Ambystoma maculatum) larvae. From May-June in 2015 and 2016, we sampled Spotted Salamander larvae (n=10/wetland) in 26 wetlands created between 2011 and 2014 in the Monongahela National Forest, West Virginia. We collected environmental data including vegetation cover and water quality at each wetland. Analysis indicates that larval total length and wetland water temperature are positively correlated with corticosterone and the best predictors for corticosterone levels. Vegetation cover also showed a positive correlation with corticosterone levels. Our results can improve understanding of the relationship between physiological conditions and habitat quality and how it can be used to interpret wildlife population health and habitat degradation.


We demonstrate the use of diffractive optical memories for official documents, such as machine-readable identity or fiduciary papers. Through engineering of the diffractive micro- structures, the direction and intensity distribution of the diffracted light can be tailored to optical memories for high security, uniqueness and unambiguous verification. The proposed optical memory is of the WORM-type, that is, write-once, read-many times. In order to write in the optical memory, the diffractive structure is changed irreversibly through the interaction of the diffractive surface with a beam of laser light. We demonstrate optical memories based on diffractive structures with a memory capacity of up to 100 kBits/cm2 which are appropriate for use in securing official documents.


In the Criminal Law Studies the crime has three features,that is social harmfulness,unlawfulness and punishment. These three features are the important contents of the criminal conceptual theory,which reflects the social and political content and nature of the crime. Although these three features are different from each ther, they are united as one in essence. Every aspect entails the idea of Marxism material dialectics, among the three features the social harmfulness is the most basic feature, which fully demonstrates the philosophical value and thue is worth further analysis.


248 Geriatric anaesthesia has kept pace with advances in geriatric surgery over the years on a platform provided by increasing scientific evidence. Comorbidities involving various systems can impact the functional and clinical outcome in geriatric patients undergoing surgeries. Chronological age, once an important 'risk' consideration for anaesthesia has been replaced by the principle of physiological age, favoured by accumulating evidences.


Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age affecting various health systems. This review literature explains pathophysiological mechanisms connecting PCOS and periodontal disease . Furthermore studies are needed to establish a clearer and stronger association between the two disease.


In this paper we present a polynomial surface fitting based retrospective correction method for intensity inhomogeneity in Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. The intensity inhomogeneity, which is also known as bias field or intensity non-uniformity, may arise due to erroneous acquire process causes severe image degradation. The retrospective methods are capable of correcting intensity nonuniformity and are widely applied to both simulated and real MR volumes. The polynomial surface fitting based retrospective intensity correction technique works on the assumption that the large homogeneous tissues (e.g. Gray matter, white matter, etc.) are distributed throughout the image so that a parametric polynomial based surface can be fitted on image features to estimate the intensity inhomogeneity map. The image features which contain information about intensity inhomogeneity are generally image intensity values or intensity gradient values. The bias field, which is characterized as a slow varying function, is further used to obtain the corrected image. The quantitative evaluation of the correction strategy is done by comparing the standard deviation between input and output images which is expected to be reduced in principle tissues. Simulation results on synthetic MR images show that the proposed method can eliminate intensity inhomogeneity quite satisfactorily.


Climate and Development is the first academic journal to provide a forum to communicate research, review and discussion on the interfaces between climate, development and practice


A new fossil whipscorpion (Arachnida, Uropygi, Thelyphonida) is described from the Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) of the Crato Member of the Santana Formation, Ceara Province, Brazil . This specimen is the first record of a Mesozoic thclyphonid, but it is too poorly preserved to be assigned to a family with any confidence . It is named Mesoproctus rowlandi new genus and species . Fossil whipscorpions are rare and are currently known only from the Pennsylvanian of Europe and North America (Brauckmann & Koch 1983 ; Dunlop & Horrocks 1996) . These very ancient forms nonetheless resemble living whipscorpions and can even be referred to modern families, making thelyphonids strong candidates for the title of "living fossils" . This paper describes the first Cretaceous whipscorpion, which is particularly significant given the rarity of all arachnids during the Mesozoic (Selden 1993) . The Cretaceous Santana Formation already boasts insects (Grimaldi & Maisey 1990), solifuges (Selden & Shear 1996) and spiders (P. Selden pers . comm .). This new specimen adds to the terrestrial arthropod fauna from this locality .


This study was conducted to record, analyze and discuss the day-to-day practical aspects and constraints affecting the commercial production of ostriches (Struthio camelus) and emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) in two ratite farms, A and B, in Al-Qassim area, Central Region of Saudi Arabia. In Farm A, where the original ostrich breeders were imported from France the new breeders (breeders produced in the Farm) started egg laying at the age of 19 months while the new emu breeders in the same Farm started egg laying at 22 months old. Ostriches in the two farms laid most of their eggs (73.5% and 64.9%) during day time (before sunset) while emus laid most of their eggs (98.1%) during night. Both original breeders of ostriches and emus were found to be more persistent in egg laying (85.9% and 72.6%) than their descendant breeders. About 11% of the ostrich eggs laid in Farm A throughout three seasons were found to be defective whereas 6.7% of the eggs laid in Farm B were defective. In emus, however, the average of the defective eggs throughout four production seasons was found to be 8.9%. The fertility of ostrich eggs in Farm A was found to be improving successively from season to another (32.4%, 55.6%, 60.7% and 61.2%) as well as with the progress of the single season before it drops at the end of the season (36.5%, 45.2%, 65%, 67% and 47%). Heat stress was found to reduce the fertility rate of ostriches. Emus were found to have higher overall mean fertility rates (70.3%) than ostriches in both Farms (52.5% and 58.4%). The overall mean hatchability rate of ostrich eggs (72.8%) was found to be higher than the overall mean fertility rate of ostrich eggs (52.5%) in four seasons. However, the overall mean hatchability rate of emu eggs (62.9%) was found to be lower than the overall mean fertility rate of emu eggs (70.3%) in three seasons. Developing ostrich and emu embryos had higher late embryonic mortality (60% and 66.4%) compared to early embryonic mortality (40% and 33.6% respectively). Emu chicks had higher (19.4%) incidence of congenital deformities than ostrich chicks (4.1%). The total weekly body weight gain of ostrich chicks in Farm B at the end of the first 14 weeks of life was higher (18350 g) compared to that in Farm A ostrich chicks (2600 g). The mean weekly body weight gain per ostrich chick that was hatched during summer was found to be higher (657.5 g; p<0.05) than the mean weekly body weight gain in chicks that were hatched during winter (356.75 g). The mortality rate of ostrich chicks during rearing phase (first 3 months of life) was 29% with non-consistent pattern throughout the season. The overall emu chick mortality rate during rearing phase (21.6%) was lower than that in ostrich chicks (29%), similarly, without specific pattern or behaviour. The main causes of mortality in ostrich chicks in Farm A were leg deformities, fading chick syndrome (F C S), Newcastle disease (N C D) and enteritis whereas the main causes of mortality in Farm A ostrich growers were sand impaction, Newcastle disease, leg deformities and enteritis. In Farm A ostrich breeders, the main causes of mortality were septicaemic pasteurellosis, wound infections, accidents, particularly those terminated into broken necks, and peritonitis. Causes of mortality in Farm B ostrich chicks included fading chick syndrome, leg deformities, enteritis and sand impaction. In Farm B growers, the main causes of mortality were leg deformities and septicaemic pasteurellosis whereas for Farm B breeders septicaemic pasteurellosis, accidents and fractures comprised the main causes of lethality. Leg deformities were the most common cause of mortality in Farm A emu chicks throughout the four seasons of study. There were no mortalities attributed to sand impaction or Newcastle disease in the emu chicks although these chicks were sharing the same premises with the ostrich chicks that suffered a severe NCD outbreak in Farm A in the year 2000. In emu growers, the main causes of mortality were leg deformities, suffocation and infected fighting wounds. Escherichia coli was isolated from 35.5% of the samples cultured from dead ostrich chicks in Farm A whereas Salmonella sp. organisms were isolated from 12.9% of the cultured samples. However, 22.6% of the cultured samples did not reveal any bacterial growth. For the emus, Escherichia coli was isolated from 33.3% while Salmonella species were isolated from 16.7% of the specimens (liver, yolk fluid and intestinal content) cultured from dead emu chicks. Among the different forms of leg deformities terminating lethally, tibiotarsal rotation (84%) comprised the most common one in ostrich chicks followed by splayed legs (11.9%). In ostrich growers in Farm A, again tibiotarsal rotation was found to be the most common killing form of leg deformities (78.5%) followed by slipped tendon (14%). In emu chicks, tibiotarsal rotation (98.8%) was the most common killing form of leg deformities followed by splayed legs (1.2%) whereas in emu growers, tibiotarsal rotation (99.4%) was the most common killing form of leg deformity followed by valgus rotation (0.6%).


Smart Home System is an intelligent home network combined with advanced communication technology to carry out effective control and information exchange. And home networking is the core to the implementation of a smart home system. This paper demonstrate a detail comparison and analysis of the wired and the wireless networking, making good use of the wired networking which is low-cost, high security, more stable, the wireless networking which is more flexible and more expansible. The purpose is to figure out a feasibility solution to meet the customers' requirements and bring the highly-efficient, comfortable, safe, energy saving and convenient living environment to everyday life. The paper proposed an approach by using power line communication technology. It connects entire intranet and several wireless networking to connect home devices by existed power line, so that it reduces the cost and increase the security and performance of smart home. To show how the smart home networking could be used in people's daily life, this paper also gives an example that is the dishes ordering system for housewife. The system will give the housewife some advices, connect households and the supermarket to support procurement requirements.


Abstract Financial markets behave in a volatile manner at certain stages in their maturity. These volatile conditions pose a market risk to an investor that can be limited by imposing derivatives strategies within the investment objective. The aim of this paper is to provide investors with a trading strategy to effectively manage turbulent market conditions (such as during the Covid-19 pandemic) by implementing a strategy that has a continuous approach of implementation. The study chose to include three main turbulent market periods such as the Dotcom bubble (1995–2005), the financial crisis (2008–2009), and more recently the COVID-19 pandemic (2020). Stock indices from six different stock exchange countries were chosen for comparison (also aligned to different geographical locations and developing versus developed economies) who were most likely to be affected by the extreme market events. Zero-cost collars are option-based strategies that can be used by investors to provide costless protection for stock or index investment. This strategy is obtained by setting equal the price obtained and the price paid for the components of the strategy. Previous literature has to date, not explored the potential outcomes for such procedures of different frequency intervals and the effect thereof on the performance in turbulent and non-turbulent market conditions. It was observed that moderate levels of market volatility combined with high-performing indices provide the scenario for the zero-cost collar to result in respectable returns. Furthermore, in order to add to this performance the strike level of the put option contract needs to be increased. Consequently, respectable results will be produced during periods of both significant market downturns.


The Atom and APP specifications specify simple uses of cryptography to
sign and encrypt their documents. Each document is processed
completely, and in isolation. This document specifies additional uses
that enable selective protection or encryption of content, and allow a
"trust path" to be created across "atom:link" elements.


Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa) is the etiological agent of kiwifruit canker disease, causing severe economic losses in kiwifruit production areas around the world. Rapid diagnosis, understanding of bacterial virulence and rate of infection in kiwifruit cultivars is important in applying effective measures of disease control. Psa load in kiwifruit is currently determined by a labor-intense colony counting method with no high-throughput and specific quantification method being validated. In this work we used three alternative Psa quantification methods in two infected kiwifruit cultivars: start of growth time, quantitative qPCR (qPCR), and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Method performance in each case was compared to the colony counting method. Methods were validated using calibration curves obtained with serial dilutions of Psa3 inoculum and standard growth curves obtained from kiwifruit samples infected with Psa3 inoculum. All three alternative methods showed high correlation (r > 0.85) with the colony counting method. qPCR and ddPCR were very specific, sensitive (5 × 102 CFU/cm2), highly correlated to each other (r = 0.955) and flexible allowing for sample storage. The inclusion of a kiwifruit biomass marker increased the methods' accuracy. The qPCR method was efficient and allowed for high-throughput processing and the ddPCR method showed highly accurate results but was more expensive and time consuming. While not ideal for high-throughput processing, ddPCR was useful in developing accurate standard curves for the qPCR method. The combination of the two methods is high-throughput, specific for Psa3 quantification and useful for research studies e.g. disease phenotyping and host-pathogen interactions.


Department o f Neurosurgery, University o f Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin; Departmen t o f Neurosurgery, Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, New York; Departmen t o f Neurosurgery, University o f Washington, Seattle, Washington; Department o f Neurosurgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana; Departments o f Orthopedic Surgery and Neurosurgery, University o f California at Los Angeles, California; Department o f Neurosurgery, University o f Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama; Department o f Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Bone and Joint Clinic o f Houston, Texas; and Departmen t o f Neurosurgery, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine.


The present invention relates to a fence (1) which comprises tubular components (2,3,6) that are arranged in two basically perpendicular directions (4,5). Each component (2) which is arranged in one direction are connected and assembled to one or a plurality of components (3) that are arranged in the other direction. The fence comprises a damage detector and is characterized in that: the tubular component (6) which are arranged in each direction of the two directions are respectively provided with at least one wire or cable (7) adapted for transmitting signal or information. The cable is connected with a detector (8) of the signal or the information. The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing the fence.


The motion of the cathode spot in a direction opposite to that predicted by Ampere's law depends on the arc current, gas pressure, kind of gas, and magnetic field strength. Studies of the effects of these variables have been made, including measurements of velocity and the critical pressure at which reversal of motion occurs. The phenomena observed have not been clearly explained by any of the pictures presented to date. The existence of the retrograde motion indicates very strongly that the positive‐ion space charge outside the cathode is all important in determining the mechanism of current transfer.


Path following serves as one of the most basic functions for industrial or mobile robots used in different scenarios. In this paper, a general 3D guiding vector field (GVF) is analyzed rigorously that extends the existing results on 2D GVFs. The desired 3D path is described by the intersection of two zero-level surfaces in their implicit forms, which can be used to describe various desired paths. Although the same path can be represented by the intersection of different surfaces, convergence to the path is not always guaranteed. However, under some mild assumptions, the existence of solutions and the local and global convergence results are proved rigorously for both bounded and unbounded desired paths. Examples and counter-examples from simulations further validate the theoretical results.


The 'danmu' system in the Chinese video-sharing social media platform Bilibili, in allowing comments to sync to any specific playback time, has constructed a community where separated viewers can join in the seemingly simultaneous conversations at the same time they watch videos. The participatory design of such co-presence demonstrates the political and cultural gesture of speaking out and exchanging ideas as the main orientation of the platform. Through danmu comments are the living networks connected both in the videos they are attached to, and in Bilibili as a whole. Despite the instantaneous emotions displayed in individual danmu comments, there are affective connections that shape the temporal quality of participation. The playfulness embedded in the interface design has further directed the gratification of speaking out on the platform.


This letter poses interesting questions. It presumably is a response to General Jackson on the subject of a missed photographic appointment. Why would Jackson be concerned about photography as he is in the midst of his Valley Campaign. Is this a disguised or coded message with a different meaning? or could the "General Jackson" referred here be one of the other Confederate "General Jacksons"?


In this paper, the role of degassing process on dielectric performance of 110 kV XLPE cable insulation is investigated. The undegassed XLPE cable insulation is degassed at 70°C in laboratory for different duration in terms of heating time, to prepare XLPE samples with different weight loss ratio. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test, electric breakdown test at 50 Hz, and Pulsed Electro-acoustic (PEA) measurement are carried out for XLPE samples. In FTIR spectrogram, the characteristic absorption peaks locate at 1680cm-1 and 1600cm-1, which can be relate to two kinds of crosslinking byproducts including α-methylstyrene and acetophenone, decrease with the increase of weight loss ratio. It can be proposed that weight loss of XLPE samples in the process of degassing treatment is caused by volatiliztion of α-methylstyrene and acetophenone. Therefore, the change of weight loss ratio can reflect the change of content of α-methylstyrene and acetophenone in XLPE. The results of electric breakdown test show that the reduction of α-methylstyrene and acetophenone leads to the enhancement of electric breakdown strength at 50 Hz. PEA measurement results show that heterocharge is produced and accumulated when cross-linking byproducts are present, whereas no heterocharge is found when a-methylstyrene and acetophenone are absent. The formation of heterocharge is attributed to ionization of cross-linking byproducts under electric stress. Based on these results above, it can be suggested that when ac electric field is applied on XLPE samples, the occurrence of ionization of cross-linking byproducts results in increase of free carriers in XLPE insulation, leading to a lower electric breakdown strength.


A 2003 study by Goldman Sachs concluded that in less than 40 years the BRIC economies (Brazil, Russia, India, China) will outsize the G6 economies in dollar terms. The enormous growth presents an unparalleled opportunity for American firms expanding abroad. The enormous growth also presents a challenge to American firms wishing to protect their intellectual property rights. This article examines treatment of intellectual property rights by the BRICs and offers strategies for American firms to protect these rights in major developing economies.


Plasmapheresis (PP) have been used in kidney transplant (KT) patients for multiple immunological renal diseases. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is one of the most prevalent indication for PP. It can be used either for curative or preventive treatment of its recurrence. The aim of our study was to assess the outcomes of PP among KT patients with FSGS.

 We performed a retrospective study including all KT patients with FSGS who underwent PP during the period from December 2007 to December 2018. PP was performed using a filtration technique by a Prismaflex machine.

 Among 275 KT patients, we have identified 5 patients with FSGS who underwent PP either before or after transplantation. The mean age was 26.4 years. All patients but one received a living-donor kidney with number of mismatches between 3 and 5. All patients were under corticosteroids, mycophenolate mofetil and cyclosporine. Two patients presented recurrent FSGS within 3 days following the transplantation. Mean serum creatinine level and proteinuria before PP were 517 ±191 µmol/l and 17.7 ±7.5 g/day respectively. The PP was used basing on Canaud protocol combined to rituximab. The mean number of PP sessions was 29. Only one patient required hemodialysis. None of the patients had lost his graft. The mean serum creatinine level was 172±55 µmol/l. One patient died of septic shock. PP was used in two other patients before transplantation in order to prevent the recurrence of FSGS. They have preserved a normal kidney function after a period of follow-up (37 months and 7 years). No rejection or recurrence of FSGS was noted during the follow-up period. Another patient aged 20, underwent 5 sessions of PP on alternate days immediately after transplantation to prevent the recurrence of FSGS. His baseline serum creatinine level was at 136 µmol/l. The recurrence of his initial renal disease occurred after 21 months requiring other sessions of PP. Rituximab was tried but stopped in front of allergy reaction. His renal function remained stable. Overall, PP was well tolerated in all patients with no incident.

 Recurrence of the FSGS after transplantation is a concern for nephrologists due to the difficulty of treatment. Our study shows the efficacy of plasmapheresis before kidney transplantation to prevent recurrence of FSGS.


Coronary vascular responses to stimulation of chemoreceptors were studied in anesthetized, artificially ventilated dogs. The circumflex coronary artery was perfused at constant flow so that changes in perfusion pressure reflected changes in coronary resistance. Practolol, a myocardioselective beta-receptor antagonist, and pacing were used to minimize indirect effects of myocardial responses on coronary resistance. Carotid and aortic injections of nicotine produced decreases in coronary perfusion pressure averaging −21 mm Hg and −22 mm Hg, respectively. Decreases with carotid and aortic injections of cyanide averaged −8 mm Hg and −17 mm Hg, respectively. These coronary dilator responses were abolished by bilateral vagotomy or atropine. Changes in perfusion pressure with carotid injections of nicotine averaged +3 mm Hg after vagotomy and +2 mm Hg after administration of atropine. The coronary dilator responses to carotid chemoreceptor stimulation were accompanied by increases in coronary sinus Po2 in five studies and no change in two studies. Carotid sinus nerve stimulation caused abrupt and sustained coronary vasodilatation. After vagotomy or administration of atropine, the response to carotid sinus nerve stimulation was no longer abrupt but occurred gradually, suggesting that a component of the reflex response was blocked. These studies indicate that stimulation of chemoreceptors activates a vagal cholinergic vasodilator pathway to coronary vessels in the dog. Activation of this pathway appears also to contribute to reflex coronary responses to stimulation of baroreceptors.


Since the time of the Ottoman dragomans, translators have always been suspected of disloyalty. Paradoxically, "[t]he disparagement of translation emanates most powerfully from those very circles where the ability to translate […] is most likely to be found", i.e., from scholars themselves. This explains why translators have long been in need of a talented and persuasive supporter to defend their case. Today, they have found it. David Bellos may well be their ideal promoter. Indeed, not only i...


Timothy has a dangerous story to tell. A story with powers to awaken the worst evil imaginable--the evil in the heart of a child. Come and listen to Timothy's story--if you dare.


. We report on the replacement of E3 and E4 scintillators (Crack) and refurbishment of Minimum Bias Trigger Scintillator (MBTS) counters as part of Phase I upgrade of the Tile Calorimeter of the ATLAS experiment during the long shutdown 2. The Crack and MBTS counters, situated between the central and extended Tile Calorimeter barrels, are used for correcting the electromagnetic energy responses and for providing inputs to the trigger, respectively. During the LHC Run 2 data-taking period in 2015-2018, the Crack and MBTS scintillators have deteriorated by radiation and had to be replaced with more radiation-hard scintillators and optimised geometry for Run 3. The Phase I upgrade has been ongoing since the beginning of the LHC LS2. The upgrade activities which were finalized with a strong contribution from South Africa consisted of the re-design of the Crack and MBTS detector modules, their assembly, qualification and characterization using radioactive sources (strontium-90 and cesium-137), as well as their installation on the ATLAS detector. The University of the Witwatersrand was previously involved in the radiation qualification and selection of the scintillator material to be used in the counter production.


Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of Jiangtangbaoshenfang combined with Irbersartan on treating early diabetic nephropathy,it aims to find an optimum way to treat early diabetic nephropathy effectively.Methods:The 108 patients who were in the post-elution period and met the inclusion criteria were randomly divided into the western medicine group(X group),the traditional Chinese medicine group(Z group)and the combining traditional and western medicine group(L group);the patients from X group were given oral irbersartan 150mg per time,once per day;the patients from Z group were given oral Jiangtangbaoshenfang two doses per day;the patients from L group were given oral Jiangtangbaoshenfang two doses per day combined with Irbersartan 150mg per time,once per day,The total treatment time was for 12 weeks.The alteration of symptom,blood glucose,proteinuria,renal function,blood lipids and insulin dosages was observed before and after the treatment.Results:The ALT,ALB,Scr and BUN did not have significant difference among three groups.However,Jiangtangbaoshenfang significantly increased symptom score and significantly decreased TC,TG,HbA1c,insulin dosage,2-hour postprandial blood glucose,24-hour urine protein and 24-hour urinary albumin excretion rate(P0.05).The combined application of Jiangtangbaoshenfang with Irbersartan had better clinical effect than that of Irbersan and Jiangtangbaoshenfang used respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:Conclusion:The combination of Jiangtangbaoshenfang with Irbersartan had significant effect on treating early diabetic nephropathy and was worth clinical use.


Water vapour and CO2 fluxes were measured by the eddy-covariance technique above a mixed needle and broad-leaved forest with affiliated meteorological measurements in Changbai Mountain as part of China's FLUX projects since late August in 2002. Net water vapour exchange and environmental control over the forest were examined from September 1 to October 31 in 2002. To quantify the seasonal dynamics, the transition period was separated into leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages according to the development of leaf area. The results showed that (a) seasonal variation of water vapour exchange was mainly controlled by net radiation (Rn) which could account for 78.5%, 63.4% and 56.6% for leafed, leaf falling and leafless stages, respectively, while other environmental factors' effects varied evidently; (b) magnitude of water vapour flux decreased remarkably during autumn and daily mean of water vapour exchange was 24.2 mg m^-2 s^-1 (100%), 14.8 mg m^-2 s^-1 (61.2%) and 10.3 mg m^-2 s^-1 (42.6%) for leafed, leaf falling and leafless stage, respectively; and (c) the budget of water vapour exchange during autumn was estimated to be 87.1 kg H2O m2, with a mean of 1427.2 g H2O d^-1 varying markedly from 3104.0 to 227.5 g H2O m^-2d^-1.


The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, in the composition of Presiding [Judge] G. A. Gadzhiev and Judges M. V. Baglai, N. V. Vitruk, A. L. Kononov, T. G. Morshchakova, Iu. D. Rudkin, O. 1. Tiunov, and V. G. Iaroslavtsev, with the participation of the representative of the party that made recourse to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation with the complaint, advocate Iu. A. Larin, being guided by Article 125 (part 4) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and point 3 of the first part and the second and third parts of Article 3, point 3 of the second part of Article 22, and Articles 36,74,96,97, and 99 of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation," has considered in open session the case concerning the verification of the constitutionality of the fifth part of Article 97 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the RSFSR.


A grazing experiment conducted in Wagga Wagga (New South Wales) from September 1993 to September 1998 compared the productivity of pastures containing 3 palatable types of summer-active Eragrostis curvula complex, with pastures containing either Medicago sativa or Phalaris aquatica. Issues relating to the management of E. curvula pastures were also investigated. Herbage growth rates of the P. aquatica and M. sativa pastures were highest in winter and spring; E. curvula pastures were most productive in summer and autumn. Stocking rates equivalent to 30–40 dry sheep were carried by the pastures during their growing seasons. Throughout the study, the pastures were dominated by their respective sown perennial species, however, a suite of desirable and undesirable annual grasses and annual legumes usually contributed >20% of total herbage mass in spring. The P. aquatica pasture contained a higher proportion of weedy species than the other pastures, especially C4 grasses and broadleafed species, and towards the end of the experiment it was also invaded by several native perennial grasses. Overall, the wool yield from the M. sativa pasture was 0.5–1.0 kg/animal.year higher than the other pastures. Management to minimise herbage accumulation on the E. curvula pastures was a key issue, and provided that pastures were grazed heavily, this was achieved by the rotational grazing strategy used in the experiment. It was concluded that palatable varieties of E. curvula have a useful and complementary role as perennial pastures in southern Australia. By increasing herbage availability in summer and autumn, E. curvula may improve management flexibility for a wide range of pastures that are commonly grown on farms.


We use the Serre-Godeaux varieties of finite groups, projective representa- tion theory, the twisted Atiyah-Segal completion theorem, and our previous work on the topological period-index problem to compute the etale index of Brauer classes � 2 Br(X) in some specific examples. In particular, these computations show that theindex ofdiffers from the period ofin general. As an application, we compute the index of unramified classes in the function fields of high-dimensional Serre-Godeaux varieties in terms of projective representation theory. Let X be a connected scheme, and let Br ' (X) = H 2(X,Gm)tors be its cohomological Brauer group. There is a subgroup Br(X) ⊆ Br ' (X) consisting of those Brauer classes that are represented by an Azumaya algebra. A class � ∈ Br ' (X) is in Br(X) if and only if it is in the image of the coboundary map H 1(X,PGLn) � n −→ H 2(X,Gm) for some n, where the coboundary arises from the central extension 1 → Gm → GLn → PGLn → 1. The pointed cohomology set H 1 (X,PGLn) classifies PGLn-torsors, P n−1 -bundles, or degree- n Azumaya algebras. Recall that a degree-n Azumaya algebra is an algebra on X which lookslike the algebra of n × n matrices over the ring of regular functions on X. The classn(P) of a PGLn-torsor P is precisely the obstruction to lifting P to a GLn- torsor. Viewed from the perspective of Azumaya algebras, this class is the obstruction to writing an Azumaya algebra A as the endomorphism algebra of a vector bundle. The index of � ∈ Br(X) is ind(�) = gcd{n|� is in the image ofn}.


Systems are everywhere around us, such as products, production lines, the Internet, companies, schools, hospitals, airports, communities, cities, countries, governments, and military forces. System researchers and engineers always strive to achieve their desired system behaviors. Thus, this paper aims to solve two fundamental problems of systems engineering: what determines the behavior of a system and how to design a satisfactory system for the expected behavior. First, we determine the dimensions of a relationship flow, such as information flow, material flow, and capital flow. Second, we develop new theorems and propositions to solve the first problem. For example, they show that, for a given behavior of a system, if the dominant subsystem of the behavior has the basic level for the behavior, the behavior is only determined by its input flow and relationship flows at or above the basic level, all of which are collectively referred to as total relationship flow (TRF). Third, we develop a relationship flow diagram which is of great significance to system design, just as a circuit diagram to circuit design, and a TRF-oriented system design framework to solve the second problem. In order to show how the framework works, we apply it step by step to the schematic design of an airport system for the required passenger departure procedure service behavior, and get a system example; using this framework to design a system will greatly simplify the complexity of development and improve the maintainability of the system. Therefore, our findings provide a new theory for systems engineering and improve its methods and tools systematically.


This present study deals with the quantum computational analysis of palmitic-oleic-stearic acid based triglyceride molecule available in waste animal fat, which involves in transesterification reaction during biodiesel production. From stereospecific analysis, stearic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid, and were found at SN1, SN2 and SN3 positions respectively. The proposed triglyceride model was developed using Gaussian 09 and computational analyses were carried out using Density functional theory (DFT) method. Based on geometric optimization, the average bond length between C-C bond, C=C bond, C-H bond, C-O bond and C=O bond was measured as 1.53Å, 1.33Å, 1.09Å, 1.43Å and 1.23Å respectively. Average dipole moment of the triglyceride molecule was measured as 1.3010 Debye while electronic dislocation was noted in X+Z direction. In addition, the overall molecular energy was found to be - 2522.7425 a.u. and optimization energy as -58.95 kJ/mol. Also, vibrational frequencies were analysed using the IR spectrum whereas electrostatic potential were mapped for the triglyceride molecule.


The paper analyzes the impact of urban areas on the state of water objects which are under the influence of these areas. Furthermore, the temporal regularities of the oscillations in electrical conductivity in a number of water objects in Lozova Town and Lozova District (Ukraine) were obtained using the method of conductometry. It was discovered that there was no significant anthropogenic impact on the studied water objects in Lozova Town and Lozova District of Kharkiv Region. The fluctuations in conductivity are mainly related to surface runoff. It was shown that the water in Lozova Town and Lozova District is characterized by electrical conductivity values in the range from 2000 μS to 3000 μS.

http://www.ecoeet.com/pdf-133333-62058?filename=Assessment of the Impact.pdf


Synthesis of 6-(sulfonylmethyl)phenanthridines through a three-component reaction of aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, a sulfur dioxide surrogate of DABCO·(SO2)2, and vinyl azides under metal- and additive-free conditions is achieved. The arylsulfonyl radicals generated in situ would initiate the sulfonylation of vinyl azides. Subsequent intramolecular cyclization and deprotonation would provide 6-(sulfonylmethyl)phenanthridines in good yields. High efficiency under extremely mild conditions with the insertion of sulfur dioxide through a radical process is observed.


FIELD: heating technique having self-cleaning coating. SUBSTANCE: outer layer of self-cleaning coating is contacting with atmosphere and contains at least one oxidation catalyst selected from the group of metal oxides of platinum group. Inner layer disposed between metal base and outer layer contains at least one oxidation catalyst selected from oxides of transition elements from Ib group. Heating apparatus may be formed as iron sole comprising heating base equipped with heating members, or it may be made in the form of culinary cooker. Metal base may comprise intermediate coating such as enamel layer. EFFECT: improved quality of ironing owing to self-cleaning properties of heating apparatus. 12 cl, 2 dwg


Recently, a new decomposition of the (2+1)-dimensional Kadomtsev Petviashvili (KP) equation to a (1+1 )-dimensional Broer-Kaup (BK) equation and a (1+1)-dimensional high-order BK equation was presented by Lou andHu. In our paper, a unified Darboux transformation for both the BK equation and high-order BK equation is derivedwith the help of a gauge transformation of their spectral problems. As application, new explicit soliton-like solutionswith five arbitrary parameters for the BK equation, high-order BK equation and KP equation are obtained.


A brief overview of the accomplishments of the Journal of Melittology during its second full year of activity is provided. A total of 18 articles comprising 283 pages were published, covering topics as varied as male swarming in a Thai stingless bee, the systematics of Andean bees, the exaggerated morphology of a male melikertine in mid-Eocene amber, and the effect of light on setal coloration and its impact on studies of behavior. The journal expanded its editorial team and its publishing capacities to include monographic works.


Max Weber developed his sociology of domination between 1909 and 1920. This chapter addresses the relationship between domination and power, distinguishing between legitimate and illegitimate domination or authority. Legitimate domination is based upon the three pure types of legal, traditional, and charismatic domination, which appear in combination with different organizational structures. Charismatic domination can assume different forms, from authentic charisma to hereditary and office charisma to an antiauthoritarian variant. Traditional domination encompasses a variety of types, from gerontocracy to diverse forms of patrimonialism and feudalism. The belief in legality, expressed for instance in a bureaucratic administrative staff, is characterized primarily through formal rationality, not purposive or instrumental rationality. Thus, today this last type is affected by tendencies that promote the weakening or even the dissolution of legal formalism. This chapter combines a systematic presentation with the application of the "domination" topic in the different scientific and cultural research fields during the last decades.


This chapter reviews the Covid-19 pandemic through the lens of the international law regime of the International Health Regulations (IHR) of 2005. Although the World Health Organization (WHO) can claim some success in having worked with countries in Asia to build their capacity to respond to a pandemic, some of the countries that have been the most successful in containing the spread of Covid-19 did so despite the WHO's hesitant response. The difficulty is that cumbersome IHR process of evaluating the threat posed by an outbreak and sounding the general alarm. This process enabled China to control the initial flow of information regarding the outbreak until such time as the WHO was able work through a cumbersome process and belatedly declare a "public health emergency of international concern." The chapter then argues that a key element of combatting a pandemic is compliance with international law and the need to strengthen its regulatory mechanisms. © the several contributors 2021.


Objective Analysis on the causes of descemet's membrane detachment during phacoemulsification surgery and the results of suturing.Method Suturing 8 eyes of descemet's membrane detachment from 5236 eyes of phac-oemulsification surgery.Results 8 eyes cornea resorted clarity after 2 weeks of suture.The visions of 7 eyes were all above 0.4 except one eyes of glaucoma.Conclusion Proper and favorable suture is the effective method of curing descemet's membrane detachment.


The concept of financialisation is being widely used to describe certain structural changes in advanced capitalist economies. The main approaches to this concept are discussed in this paper. Firstly, the causes of the financial expansion that are synthesised in innovation, liquidifi cation and deregulation processes are identified; secondly, the indicators concerning these processes relative to the structure of the balance sheet and profit and loss account of the main economic actors are empirically analysed for the Spanish case. The results of the analysis show a trend consistent with all capitalist economies, in which financial capital gains increase not only when the net profits of companies rise, but also when they collapse in a context of severe economic crisis and high unemployment.


The tobacco, asbestos, and fossil fuel industries, among others, have misled the public about the dangers posed by their products by lying about the science behind the products. Individuals harmed by these misrepresentations should be able to sue for fraud. Plaintiffs in fraud cases of this kind—where the misrepresentation pertains to scientific knowledge—face far greater obstacles to proving falsity, a required fraud element, than do typical fraud plaintiffs. Accordingly, a different falsity standard should apply in such cases. This Article answers three questions about how that standard should be crafted and applied. First, how should a court determine if a case before it is one to which this new standard should apply? Second, how should the court determine what knowledge the scientific community held at a given time for the purpose of assessing the truthfulness or falsity of a statement or omission? And third, how should courts compare that baseline truth with the defendant's statement or omission to determine falsity? Answering these questions should help make it possible for those harmed by scientific knowledge fraud to obtain relief.


Empathy is a widely discussed subject in social work research, considered to be an important professional ability in interaction with clients. In contrast to its pervasiveness in practice, confusion surrounds the notion as different definitions of the phenomenon stands in conflict with each other. The 'simulation theory' was found to be a salient conceptualization of empathy in social work where empathy, as the act of understanding other subjects, is explained by terms of an automatic mental imitation of the perceived behavior of the other. As a deliberate act, empathy is hereby best facilitated through perspective taking. The phenomenological 'interaction theory' provides an alternative and opposing approach towards empathy, instead defining it as a direct intentional presence to the meaning expression of the other. Neither implicit nor explicit perspective taking is therefore necessary for empathic understanding to be reached. The purpose of this study was to explicate the phenomenon of empathy with a qualitative approach. The study was conducted by studying experiences of empathy among five social workers who in different ways met forced migrants in their work. By using a Husserlian phenomenological system of ideas as a methodological framework and research procedure the essential structure of empathy was pursued. The findings of the study suggest that empathy is first and foremost a presence to, and a direct understanding of the other's experience, thereby supporting interaction theory. In the discussion the simulation theory is argued to be insufficient in providing an exhaustive approach to the professional use of empathy in social work.


An experimental investigation is carried out to study the effect of several turn treatments like single guide vane (short and long) and multiple guide vanes on the pressure drop distribution in smooth and rib roughened square channels with a sharp 180 ◦ bend. The sharp 180 ◦ turn is obtained by dividing a rectangular passage into two square channels using a divider wall with a rounded tip at the location where the flow negotiates the turn. In rib roughened channels, ribs are configured on the top and bottom surfaces in a symmetric arrangement with an angle of 90 ◦ to the mainstream flow. Rib height-to-hydraulic diameter ratio (e/D) is maintained constant at 0.14 with a constant pitch-to-rib height ratio (P/e) of 10. The pressure drop distribution normalized with the mainstream fluid dynamic pressure head is presented for the outer surfaces. Results suggest that 90 ◦ multiple guide vanes result in the decrease of overall pressure drop by around 40% in smooth square channels. However, a reduction in overall pressure drop by only 15% is achievable through guide vanes in rib roughened square channels.


For Shane and Sandra. This is not a "true" story. Rather, it is a weaving together of many therapeutic conversations and the author's imagination to create a story representing practice. The idea, to write a story illustrating Narrative practice (White & Epston, 1990), was proposed to the author by David Epston. Address correspondence to Sasha McAllum Pilkington, Counsellor, Hospice North Shore, P.O. Box 33-1129, Takapuna, Auckland, New Zealand. E-mail: email@example.com


In an attempt to investigate the turf alternatives most adaptable to sports fields under Mediterranean ecology, three different turf alternatives (1- Tall Fescue 100%, 2- Tall Fescue 60% + Perennial Rye Grass 40% and 3- Traditional Cool Season Sports Turf Mixture: Perennial Rye Grass 50%, Creeping Red Fescue 20%, Chewing's Red Fescue 10%, Sheep Fescue 10%, Kentucky Blue Grass 10%) under three vertical cutting height regimes (12 - 22 - 32 mm) were tested in the turf experimental fields of Ege University Bayindir Vocational School, Izmir/Turkey in 2012-2014. Turf color and cover were determined to evaluate the adaptability of selected turf alternatives in the experiment. Ball rebound, ball roll, and evenness were also measured to identify the playing quality parameters of these turf stands in the same experimental plots. The overall results obtained from the experiment revealed that statistically significant differences occurred among the turf alternatives and different cutting heights. However, pure tall fescue turf and the 60% tall fescue + 40% perennial rye grass turf mixture performed better than the traditional mixture. Although significant differences were recorded among the mowing heights, pure tall fescue turf displayed better performance compared to traditional cool season sports turf mixture.


Abstract The resonance Raman and infrared spectra of four carbene complexes, Fe(TTP)CCl2, Fe(TPP)13CCl2, Fe(TPP)CBr2 and Fe(TMP)CCl2 were measured in the solid state. Based on normal coordinate calculations and observed isotopic shifts by CC12/13CC12 substitution, the v(Fe=C), va(CCl2) and vs(CCl2) vibrations were assigned at 1274, 878 and 437cm−1, respectively. The bromo analogue exhibits these bands at 1270,823 and 364 cm−1, respectively. All TPP complexes exhibit the spin-state sensitive band (v2) at 1569 cm−1 and the oxidation-state sensitive band (v4) at 1370cm−1, thus suggesting that the Fe atoms in these carbene complexes are low-spin Fe(IV).


In a previous paper (Clark and Brown, 1959) a field cage was described for rearing syrphid larvae and other predators of the balsam woolly aphid. The cages proved satisfactory in the field but some method was necessary to supplement the results with data for individual predators reared in the laboratory under controlled conditions. In the past, attempts to rear predator larvae in the laboratory on small pieces of infested bark proved unsatisfactory because of the difficulties of keeping the bark moist and suitable for prey development and preventing the growth of moulds on the prey, the bark, and the containers. In most cases when small petri dishes or other containers were used the prey or predators died before rearing was complete or the individuals which survived were unhealthy and not representative of normal prey or predator development.


The effects of pulse interval and flow on relaxation and signal‐to‐noise ratio in an on‐flow liquid chromatography (LC)–NMR experiment were investigated theoretically. The results led to a procedure for the optimization of on‐flow LC–NMR experiments. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Paist } and Sakata2} have introduced independently the cohesive meson field in order to remove the divergence difficulties of the electromagnetic self-energies of electron and proton. As to the mass difference of proton and neutron, it was found that the theoretical prediction has the right sign and order of magnitude, but Kawabe and Umezawaa} have shown that one cannot obtain an adequate mass of cohesive meson to explain the observed mass difference, although the calculation was carried Out in a relativistically invariant way. We desire to point out that, when .the method of evaluation is modified, the right value of mass difference can be given. The self-energies of nucleon have been computed to the second order of coupling constants by employing the formalism of relativistic quantum electrodynamics developed by Feynman and Dyson.4! After the substitutions of momentum representations for the DF(x) and 8,[x) functions are made, a variable trans-


Anaerobic digestion is associated with long hydraulic residence time and hence leads to huge reactor volume, especially for high rate input to the reactor. To overcome this major drawback, one of the possibilities is optimizing the schemes of reactor configuration and start-up mechanisms. This study aimed to determine the most promising start-up mechanism for anaerobic digestion reactors in series, with respect to the shortest hydraulic residence time to reach the highest biogas production rate. The reactor to be studied is anaerobic fluidized bed reactor (AFBR) which is known as the most efficient reactor for high organic loading rate. Case to be studied is landfill leachate digestion. Although reactor optimization can be conducted experimentally, it could be expensive and time consuming. This study proposed the utilization of mathematical modeling to screen the possibilities towards the best options to be verified experimentally. Kinetic study of landfill leachate anaerobic digestion was first conducted...


A power transmitting system suitable for use with a hybrid vehicle is provided and preferably may comprise: (i) a first shaft and a second shaft; (ii) a planetary gear set; (iii) a power receiving apparatus that can receive power from the planetary gear set; (iv) a power transmitting member preferably in communication with the power receiving device and the second shaft to transmit power from the power receiving device to the second shaft. Because in preferred systems tension of a chain of a power transmitting system of a hybrid vehicle is not transmitted to a simple planetary gear set, damage to the simple planetary gear set may be prevented and the power transmitting system of the hybrid vehicle may be applied to many kinds of vehicles.


Vega2 is a CMP (chip multi-processor) with 48 processor cores, and several spare cores to improve yield. The chip also contains about 1000 memory macros both inside and outside the processor cores. The larger memories have column redundancy as well. The main DFT challenge for Vega2 is to produce an architecture that makes it easy to identify defective processors, thoroughly test the memories and efficiently apply ATPG patterns.


Ancestor worship is the phenomenon that people respect and worship and sacrifice ancestor,honor ancestor's merits,pray for ancestor bless themselves,which can help them to reach some sorts of purpose,in order to carry forward the cause pioneered by the ancestor. It is a kind of special and progressive significance primitive religion. Ancestor worship roughly has three types,family ancestor worship,ethnic ancestor worship and industry ancestor worship. It was the embodiment of a simple humanistic thought,which expressed the people's good wishes and requirements and conducive to human progress and social development. Since ancient times,the Chinese nation has existed fine traditions that merit of caution with the dead and remember ancestors and thank ancestors. This tradition has profound inner link with ancestor worship. However,ancestor worship also produced some abuse,such as ancient men's long hair and beard,etc. In order to maintain their vested interest,some die-hards used people's psychology of ancestor worship in the name of"ancestor's laws were immutable",which opposed and obstructed reform and finally seriously affected the social development. These profound lessons from history were also we must carefully summarize and absorb.


We consider a situation in which two mutually distrusting parties, each possessing a secret piece of information, wish to exchange these secrets while communicating over a secure channel, in effect "trading" them. Each is afraid of counterparty risk: Alice fears that as soon as she sends her secret to Bob he will cease communication without sending his secret in return, and likewise for the reverse case. In the situation where Alice and Bob's secrets are protected by isogenies, we propose a system in which Alice and Bob may fairly exchange their secrets without counterparty risk, and without a trusted third party. We then discuss potential applications.


We use Heegaard Floer homology to obtain bounds on unknotting numbers. This is a generalisation of Ozsváth and Szabó's obstruction to unknotting number one. and 10 120 ; this completes the table of unknotting numbers for prime knots with crossing number nine or less. Our obstruction uses a refined version of Montesinos' theorem which gives a Dehn surgery description of the branched double cover of a knot.


Computational Prototyping Environment (CPE) is a web-based portal designed to simplify running Department of Defense (DoD) modeling and simulation tools on the DoD Supercomputing Resource Center's (DSRC) High Performance Computing (HPC) systems. The first of these tools to be deployed in the CPE is an application (app) to conduct parametric studies and view results using the CREATE-AV Helios CFD software. Initial capability includes hover (collective sweep) and forward flight (speed sweep) performance calculations. The CPE Helios app allows for job submission to a DSRC's HPC system and for the viewing of results created by Helios, i.e., time series and volumetric data. Example data input and results viewing are presented. Planned future functionality is also outlined.


Double-diffraction Raman interference is a novel interference scheme developed in recent years. It has a potentially high measurement precision due to the symmetric interference loop with identical internal states. In this paper, we analyze the high-order diffraction process in double-diffraction Raman interference and derive state evolution equations that include multiple diffraction processes. The population evolution of the states and the Mach-Zehnder interference fringe are calculated under the action of a Raman laser. The thermal momentum distribution averaging and state grouping methods are employed to solve the problem of decoherence at different interference exit ports. We compare the phase shifts calculated by integrating the sensitivity function and the two-photon frequency shift and by numerically solving the state evolution equations with high-order diffraction states. The good agreement between the results of the two methods shows that the two-photon frequency shift is the main reason for the phase shift induced by the higher-order diffraction states. Finally, the test error of an equivalent principle test experiment due to this effect is analyzed. This paper may be helpful for the analysis and suppression of the systemic error in such experiments.


Scorpion sting is common in India; usually, these are harmless and follow a benign clinical course but sometimes have serious life-threatening complications including death. Cardiovascular side effects are among the most important life-threatening complications of scorpion sting. We report herein a case of scorpion sting-induced myocarditis with left atrial appendage clot leading to thromboembolic complications.


The net effect of climate change on agriculture is likely to be negative despite the potential beneficial effects some crops and regions might receive. While increases in atmospheric CO2 are projected to stimulate growth in C3 crops and improve water use efficiency in C4
 crops, climate impacts, particularly temperature increase, heat waves, droughts and flooding, will probably reduce yield potential. These negative effects will be compounded by increased weed interference and competition with the crop. The new type of "carbon farmer" should adapt to climate
 change and implement farming practices that focus on agricultural production models that mitigate climate change and promote "nature" and sustainability. Everything is already at least possible in one form or another, and the challenge is now to make it a reality.


Wireless systems and applications evolve together with the semiconductor technologies that make them possible. An essential element of such systems is the RF Front End (RFFE). In this paper, selected contributions of engineered substrates to the mobile 5G and Wi-Fi devices RFFE performance are studied. It provides guidance on required substrate evolution needed to address new and emerging challenges associated with next generation of wireless systems.


Apparel performance professional entrance examination is an important part of college enrollment work, the improvement of its efficiency not only reduce the candidates and parents waiting time, but also can reduce the examination staff and judges on-site evaluation of the work pressure. In this paper, the APP scoring system is one of the subsystems of the admission assessment of apparel performance. Its design and development combined with the actual situation of enrollment in our school, and realized the automation and informationization of the evaluation work. Using the system, the judges can score the candidates by installing the APP Tablet PC, the system background can automatically summarize the scores and sort. The system greatly improves the efficiency of the interview site evaluation, in the actual work to get a better application effect.


The Pombaline government has a fairly consensual meaning. It encompasses a period marked by the gradual concentration of deciding faculties in the monarch an...


Blockchain and distributed ledger are terms that were "born" only in the last decade. Their appearance and growing popularity are associated primarily with the rapid development of Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. However, the capabilities of blockchain technology based on distributed ledger far outweigh the cryptocurrencies. The new technology is expected to trigger revolutionary changes in the financial services sector. The comparative profile of potential possibilities of and limitations on the application of blockchain in the financial sphere frames the nature of expected changes. Nevertheless, there are still a number of unresolved issues of technological, legal and ethical nature ahead of the mass application of blockchain technology. The formulated conclusions and recommendations provide guidance for successfully overcoming objective barriers to the application of blockchain and summarizing the prerequisites for a possible evolutionary leap in the development of the financial services industry.


Introduction (2) The present study examines Thai Buddhist female renunciates' attitudes toward bhikkhuni ordination and the global bhikkhuni movement. I employ the phrase "becoming bhikkhuni" in titling this article with three meanings in mind. First, it attests to the historical trajectory of women's yearning for fuller participation in the Buddhist monastic life--that is, the yearning to literally become bhikkhuni. Secondly, I deliberately render this phrase into a question--"Becoming bhikkhuni?"--to problematize the very grounds of authenticity on which bhikkhuni status purportedly stands. In other words, who counts as a Buddhist nun? This question not only fuels academic and feminist analysis, it also emerges as a reality both for aspirants who wish to secure bhikkhuni status and for "nonbhikkhuni" Theravada female renunciates who must repeatedly negotiate their place within the lay-monastic divide. Finally, as a heuristic tool, the questioning of "becoming bhikkhuni" calls for critical reflection on the very desirability of bhikkhuni status; in other words, is it "becoming?" The motivations and aspirations of mae chis--Thai Buddhist women who choose to adopt renunciant dress and lifestyle, yet who retain limited vows and unofficial standing within the Sangha--subvert the supposedly universal appeal and efficacy of the bhikkhuni role and bhikkhuni movement. Moreover, the seemingly illiberal subjectivities of mae chis regarding gender hierarchy, female renunciant identity, and women's liberation complicate and obscure foundational discourses in Buddhist feminist theorizing and activism--both on global and local levels--particularly as the rhetoric of women's rights, social justice, and women's oppression are called into question by the white-robed renunciates. Buddhist Female Renunciation: Historical Background and Contemporary Context According to longstanding Buddhist tradition, women have pursued the ordained life since Buddhism's inception in the fifth century bce. This yearning is epitomized in the figure of Mahapajapati Gotami, the historical Buddha's aunt and foster mother, who is attributed with becoming the first Buddhist nun (bhikkhuni). As the scriptures recount, the Buddha initially refuses Mahapajapati's request that women be allowed to enter the Sangha. With steadfast resolve, Mahapajapati and her following of 500 women cut off their hair, don the saffron robes, and walk 150 miles to Vesali where the Buddha is teaching. Ananda (the Buddha's chief attendant) sees the aspirants and, moved by their pitiful appearance, he approaches the Buddha and intercedes on their behalf. At this point in the narrative, the women's resolve becomes most poignant and palpable: Pajapati is standing outside under the entrance porch with swollen feet, covered with dust, and crying because you do not permit women to renounce their homes and enter into the homeless state. It would be good, Lord, if women were to have permission to do this. (3) Ultimately, on the grounds that women are as capable as men of attaining enlightenment, Mahapajapati and her retinue are admitted into the Sangha (4) From Mahapajapatis ordination some 2500 years ago to the present day, the issue of whether women should be permitted to don the saffron robes and become bhikkhunis has been contested in Buddhist circles. The bhikkhuni issue is particularly germane in contemporary Thailand. Despite the transnational expansion of Buddhism and the subsequent flourishing of a Buddhist nuns' community in many Asian countries, the bhikkhuni Sangha never spread to Thailand. (5) Given the pervasiveness of Buddhism in Thailand (94.6% of the Thai population of almost 67.5 million identifies as Theravada Buddhist) (6) coupled with the dearth of a bhikkhuni Sangha in Thai history (until recent developments, a bhikkhuni Sangha has never existed on Thai soil), Thailand emerges as a unique and provocative case study for the bhikkhuni movement. …


Beginning from the relevant principles of safety system engineering,the inherent,causal and logic relation of the factors caused by electromagnetic pollution accidents are investigated by adopting the fault tree analysis method and some discussions on the exploration of prevention measures are also made.


Expansion of a previous factorial study of 40 humanistic educators to include 89 educators revealed two new factors, self-determined evaluation and a spiritual-transpersonal factor.


Transcription factor retinoic acid‐related orphan receptor 2 (RORC2/RORγT) mediates interleukin (IL)‐17A and IL‐17F expression. IL‐17A plays a central role in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders, including psoriasis. The RORC2 inhibitor PF‐06763809 has been hypothesized to inhibit IL‐17A production in T‐helper 17 (Th17) cells, thereby reducing psoriasis symptoms.


Recently Xu and Harsh (1994), in discussing the influence of autocorrelation and measurement errors in the interpretation of Al solubility diagrams, referred extensively to a study (Neal et al., 1987) that raised concerns about the use of such diagrams for assessing thermodynamic equilibrium with regard to Al hydrochemistry. Neal et al. (1987) were concerned that the use of plots with dependent axes might produce correlations that have nothing to do with any underlying chemical process. Xu and Harsh (1994) argued that the scatter in the Neal et al. (1987) approach might be overly large and so might distort the true picture. They concluded that, when used with caution, existing solubility methods are reliable and useful in the study of Al chemistry in acidic soils and streams. The Neal et al. (1987) study cannot be construed as a definitive statement on the hydrochemistry of Al in acidic waters. Rather, the work highlighted problems over the thencurrent understanding of Al solubility controls, particularly with regard to stream water. The work not only raised a danger flag but was intended to stimulate development of more rigorous thermodynamic analytical techniques. More importantly, it was also undertaken to encourage further process studies on Al hydrochemistry for acidic soils and streams impacted by acidic atmospheric deposition and land use change. Part of the work of Xu and Harsh (1994) thus represents a natural progression from the Neal et al. (1987) study as well, of course, as progression from other work such as Schecher and Driscoll (1987, 1988). Indeed, several facets of the Xu and Harsh (1994) work are commendable, particularly in regard to assessing error uncertainty, firming up on what "near equilibrium" means, and the use of Monte Carlo simulations, and some of their criticisms of the Neal et al. (1987) study are fair. For example, the scatter in the Neal et al. (1987) data synthetically generated might be larger than observation because the total Al numbers were not generated using a transformation to ensure a normal distribution compared with field observation. During the initial part of the Neal et al. (1987) study, an analysis of concentration distributions was undertaken for field data at Plynlimon. Skewness was observed for both untransformed and log-transformed total Al data — a normal distribution lay somewhere between and it was not clear whether untransformed or log transformations were best. But, this was not reported in Neal et al. (1987) as they considered this aspect to be only an aside to the major thrust of the study. Had work not progressed following the Neal et al. (1987) study, the Xu and Harsh (1994) study would have been of particular significance. However, there are several studies, published in international journals during the late 1980s and early 1990s, which took the Neal et al. (1987) work further but which Xu and Harsh (1994) seem to have missed. These studies demonstrated:


Near-IR (~1pm)lasers arepresently usedfora variety ofintra-oral applications including dental hard tissue ablation, although thelight intensity distribution and subsequent heating ofthehardtissue arestill poorly understood. Thispaper presents adetailed numerical study ofthescattered light intensity distribution along withthe corresponding predicted thermal response. Thecalculations arebased onrecently published scattering andabsorption datafordental hardtissue around 1pm.Oursimulations indicate strongly enhancedenergydeposition and concomitant heating nearthedentino-enamel junction (DEJ), mainly duetothehigher absorption indentin. We predict from10to20timeshigher internal temperatures neartheDEJcompared withthesurface. Forexample, for 50-mspulses of5-Jenergy ona3-mm-diameter spot(-1 kW/cm2or ~ 50J/cm2), onecanexpectinternal temperatures neartheDEJinexcess of100°C. Elevated temperatures arepredicted toextend farintothedentin, endangering thevitality ofthepulpseveral millimeters below thesurface. Ourresults arecompared withpublished experimental datataken undersimilar conditions andare foundtobeingoodgeneral agreement. Theresults ofthis study donotcontradict recently reported ablation ofdentin withNd:YAGlaser radiation bycontact fiber probes. Inthis case,theirradiation intensities are3to4orders of magnitude higher, soplasmaformation andplasma shielding oftheinterior ofthetooth arelikely.


The work is devoted to the analysis of the situation in one of the principal areas of applied epizootology. Taking into account the general provisions, the evolution of the causality criteria and the revision of the Koch triad are considered, modern etiological principles are given ‒ the criteria of Hill and Evans. The definition of factorial infections is given and their significance in the framework of applied problems of epizootology is discussed.


CONTEXT
Fusions of androgen-regulated genes and v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (avian) (ERG) occur in approximately 50% of prostate cancers, encoding a truncated ERG product. In prostatectomy specimens, ERG rearrangements are greater than 99% specific for prostate cancer or high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia adjacent to ERG-rearranged prostate cancer by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate ERG staining by immunohistochemistry on needle biopsies, including diagnostically challenging cases.

DESIGN
Biopsies from a retrospective cohort (n  =  111) enriched in cores requiring diagnostic immunohistochemistry and a prospective cohort from all cases during 3 months (n  =  311) were stained with an anti-ERG antibody (clone EPR3864).

RESULTS
Among evaluable cores (n  =  418), ERG staining was confined to cancerous epithelium (71 of 160 cores; 44%), high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (12 of 68 cores; 18%), and atypical foci (3 of 28 cores; 11%), with staining in only 2 of 162 cores (1%) diagnosed as benign. The ERG was expressed in about 5 morphologically benign glands across 418 cores and was uniformly expressed by all cancerous glands in 70 of 71 cores (99%).

CONCLUSIONS
ERG staining is more prostate cancer-specific than α-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase, and staining in an atypical focus supports a diagnosis of cancer if high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia can be excluded. Thus, ERG staining shows utility in diagnostically challenging biopsies and may be useful in molecularly subtyping prostate cancer and in stratifying isolated high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia by risk of subsequent cancer.


—Continued on Pg. 2 The new Preservation Group (PG) experiment will provide answers for cash-strapped state and local agencies that need cost-effective ways to maintain existing asphalt roadways. Budgets are tight, but agencies still have the same task: keeping aging pavements in good condition for the driving public. When applied at the right time, pavement preservation treatments, such as chip seals, micro surfacing and thin asphalt overlays, can restore a smooth, safe driving surface while saving money on future rehabilitation costs. Among the challenges faced by engineers are determining what type of treatment to perform and when to apply it so that life cycle cost is minimized. The results of the PG study will give pavement engineers better tools to meet those challenges. "What's unique about our approach is that we are not comparing individual pavement preservation techniques. Instead, we are quantifying the lifeextending benefits of each treatment as a function of pretreatment pavement conditions," says NCAT Assistant Director and Test Track Manager Dr. Buzz Powell. Sponsors of the PG study include seven state DOTs—Alabama, Mississippi, Missouri, North NCAT Pavement Preservation Effectiveness Study Will Help Agencies Make Cost-Effective Maintenance Decisions


The transformations that have arisen in the social conditions of work over recent decades have restricted contact between the medical professional and the patient, leading to a fragmented and dehumanized health care. This need gave rise to the Recrutas da Alegria (RA - Recruits of Happiness) program at the Federal University of Rio Grande (FURG), with the idea of "training a different professional" in order to horizontalize relations with hospital staff and the patients' approach. The RA is promoted by FURG courses in the area of health and is an outreach initiative. The activities are developed in the Pediatric Wing of the Dr. Miguel Riet Correa Junior Teaching Hospital. This experience has demonstrated that humanization is not a one-off occurrence, it does not occur in just one environment, but rather constitutes behaviours and attitudes reflected in students' work. The program enables students to question the role of the doctor and of the student doctor, as well as focusing on patient's histories that extend beyond their medical history, understanding the patient fully.


At present, sustainable materials, energy saving technology and system, alternative energy, landscape design, lighting system, rain water system were more concerned, as green building or green school technology, Green school project was one of New Deal projects in Korea. Generally, selected green school that was built older 30year ago. and needed remodeling. Especially, remodeling of lighting system was very important in classroom because of students visual amenity as well as lighting energy saving. Therefore, this aim of study was to analyze light environment and lighting energy of green school installed dimming lighting system by using lighting simulation program(Lightscape3.2) and integrated energy simulation program(Visual DOE4.0). As a result of test and simulation, the dimming control lighting system installed in classroom reduced about 30% of light energy.


Written at the turn of the century, when there was a strong tendency to accept western culture as enlightenment, this work suggests an appreciation of a Japanese sense of beauty, values and way of thinking by introducing the history of Japanese art. The book still provides a fresh point of view to readers today, as western culture seems to have prevailed over the last century. First published in 1903 in London.


The reaction of 2-(1-phenylvinyl)aniline and 4-chloro-2-(1-phenylvinyl)aniline with acetophenone derivatives, 1-(naphthalen-1-yl)ethanone and 1-(furan-2-yl)ethanone in toluene at 110–115° with toluene-4-sulfonic acid as a catalyst leads in good-to-excellent yields to the 2,2-disubstituted 1,2-dihydro-4-phenyl-quinolines 1–18 (Scheme 1, Table). The structure of the new racemic 1,2-dihydroquinolines 1–18 is determined by NMR spectroscopy. A reaction mechanism proceeding via a 6π-electrocyclic rearrangement of 2-(1-phenylvinyl)anils 19 as the key step is proposed for the formation of these compounds (Scheme 1). The scope and limitations of the novel methods are discussed (Scheme 2).


Major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) molecules are expressed on the surface of all nucleated cells associated with short antigenic peptides about ten amino acids long at their extracellular part. The antigenic peptides are derived from endogenous proteins, which are processed by the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the cytosol. In contrast, exogenous proteins are processed by lysosomal proteases and resultant antigenic peptides are presented upon Major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) molecules. In several kinds of cells, especially in dendritic cells (DCs), exogenous proteins are processed and presented upon MHC I in addition to MHC II. This phenomenon is called crosspresentation (CP). CP plays important roles not only in activations of CD8+ T cells into cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) against anti-infectious and anti-tumor immunity but also in in-activations of self-acting CD8+ T cells by T cell energy or T cells deletion for peripheral tolerance. To this date, because of the important roles for CP, there are accumulating evidence to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CP. Recent researches indicated that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)associated degradation (ERAD) pathway plays a central role in processing of exogenous proteins. The conveyances of exogenous proteins into ERAD-possible compartments are dependent upon the integration among endosomal or phagosomal membrane with ER membrane. But there still remain several important questions about CP, such as the precious molecular mechanisms of these integrations and the peptide-loading mechanisms upon MHC I. This review describes the recent researches about the molecular mechanisms of CP.