In the ordinary trial No. 72-2012, analysis of our case study, developed in the Civil Court
of El Oro based in the canton Zaruma, the judge avoca knowledge of the cause is the
lawyer Richard Benitez Maldonado, in which the actor is Mr. Segundo Fernandez and
Roberto Asanza defendants Asanza Maldonado and Carlos Manuel Zambrano Abelina
by extraordinary acquisitive prescription domain. The purpose of the requirement is to
acquire or extinguish any obligation, this acquisition or termination of rights will be
consummated and perfected in the Civil Law; but not freed awareness of the situation
that give rise prescription. So, what would become extinct in the Civil Law, will not be in
conscience for the person whose favor is invoked. The aim of the research is to determine
how it has complied with all the procedural formalities to apply for extraordinary
acquisitive prescription domain of the property before the Civil Judge Canton Zaruma.


Vertical alveolar crest splitting and horizontal distraction of narrow alveolar crests is limited when rotating and low frequency oscillating tools are used due to large amounts of procedural bone loss and poor handling provisions. Aim of this study was to determine the safest osteotomy depth and to develop ultrasonic-surgery- tips to enable flapless vertical crest splitting and distraction of narrow alveolar crests of 2 mm or less. The safest osteotomy depth was determined on a cow-rib-model. To enable a flapless crest splitting and widening procedure, prototype-tips for the Piezotome-device were developed and tested against mechanical tools (widening screws and distractors) on cow-ribs, as well as their safe use in the hands of novicesurgeons on human cadaver heads. A minimum vertical osteotomy depth of 7-8 mm revealed the least fracture rates (3%). The use of the ultrasonic distraction tools showed the least risk of procedural failures (2%). Twentythree Piezotome-trainees performed the procedure with the developed tips on fresh full human cadaver skulls with a success rate of 100%. The results of this study suggest that, with the use of ultrasonic surgical devices, the indication for vertical crest-splitting can be narrowed down to a crest width of 2 mm and even less and that it can be performed flapless, thus leaving the physiological bone-periosteum system fully intact.


OBJECTIVE To study the feasibility of optimizing the formulation of tanshinones ⅡA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles with nanoprecipitation method by central composite design and response surface method.METHODS The influence factors included the concentration of PVA,the concentration of drug in organic phase,the ratio of PLGA to drug and the ratio of water phase to organic phase.The evaluation parameters included entrapment efficiency,drug loading and recovery of drug.Experiments were done on the theory of central composite design.The data were simulated using multi-linear equation and second-order polynomial equation.The possibly optimal formulation was predicted by response surface method.RESULTS The results showed that the latter was prior to the former.According to the optimal conditions,the mean diameter,entrapment efficiency,drug loading and recovery of drug were 225 nm,(95.49±0.68)%,(2.03±0.03)% and(38.42±0.65)%,respectively.CONCLUSION The central composite design and response surface method are useful for the optimization of preparing tanshinones ⅡA-loaded PLGA nanoparticles.The estimation of the established model is good.


$94.05 For those wondering how hair restoration can fill 240 pages and have its own book, you need look no more! The Clinic Review Articles (CRA), a quarterly published collection of reviews, focuses on hair restoration in its August 2013 edition. Encompassing 21 reviews, the information included is set out easily with well-structured key points introducing each chapter. Most are single author derived, and although the majority of the text is nonreferenced, the insight into hair restoration within the text is a highlight. We begin with the first chapter describing phenotypes of normal hairline maturation, which is fascinating in its description, especially because hair maturation and loss are a topic close to most men's hearts! Through an observational study, we are shown how the male and female hairlines mature through puberty and are given a new model helping to direct the hair restoration surgeon. We next move to focus on alopecia, using interesting cases to highlight conditions mimicking androgenetic alopecia, which results in poor outcomes when considering hair transplantation. Nonsurgical options for hair loss therapy followVa review more evidence based than the other topics and well supplemented with color pictures and a simple, to-the-point structured text. The surgical options are reviewed next, with a useful red flag description of a selection of patients in whom these may be potentially hazardous. The frontal hairline, donor site, and harvesting technique are topics well explored, again highlighting potential pitfalls for the less experienced surgeon. We are shown management techniques for advanced hair loss patterns and, specifically, hair loss of the crown region in women, before we are taken through what is required in a megasession (a single procedure involving significant hair loss areas being restored). The technique of dense packing and 2 chapters on follicular unit extraction explore the technical requirements in the hair loss field, with a chapter on optimal hair growth after. Restoration and donor of facial hair sites, hair-lowering techniques, and scalp repair using tissue expanders are described subsequently, finishing with chapters on specific complications and the future of hair restoration. There is a supplementary video to one of the reviews, whereas most are effectively illustrated with images describing key points as well as preoperative and postoperative views. A nice touch is the index at the start of the book that summarizes each chapter, and it should be noted that the CRA chapters are continuous, meaning we begin our hair-raising journey on page 317. This book, although less evidence based than others in the CRA group, is well structured and clearly defines all aspects required in hair restoration. Among the pages are some unique pearls of wisdom for surgeons interested and those already involved in this field. Lightweight and relatively compact, this hardbound book is also available through the clinics app, and I would recommend this text to anyone interested in hair restoration. One quote in particular is worth repeating from page 351: ''We cannot simply use a finer paintbrush, we must also know how to paint,'' and there are definitely points in this book that would help us to paint by numbers.


In grammar-based compression a string is represented by a context-free grammar, also called a straight-line program (SLP), that generates only that string. We refine a recent balancing result stating that one can transform an SLP of size $g$ in linear time into an equivalent SLP of size $O(g)$ so that the height of the unique derivation tree is $O(\log N)$ where $N$ is the length of the represented string (FOCS 2019). We introduce a new class of balanced SLPs, called contracting SLPs, where for every rule $A \to \beta_1 \dots \beta_k$ the string length of every variable $\beta_i$ on the right-hand side is smaller by a constant factor than the string length of $A$. In particular, the derivation tree of a contracting SLP has the property that every subtree has logarithmic height in its leaf size. We show that a given SLP of size $g$ can be transformed in linear time into an equivalent contracting SLP of size $O(g)$ with rules of constant length. We present an application to the navigation problem in compressed unranked trees, represented by forest straight-line programs (FSLPs). We extend a linear space data structure by Reh and Sieber (2020) by the operation of moving to the $i$-th child in time $O(\log d)$ where $d$ is the degree of the current node. Contracting SLPs are also applied to the finger search problem over SLP-compressed strings where one wants to access positions near to a pre-specified finger position, ideally in $O(\log d)$ time where $d$ is the distance between the accessed position and the finger. We give a linear space solution where one can access symbols or move the finger in time $O(\log d + \log^{(t)} N)$ for any constant $t$ where $\log^{(t)} N$ is the $t$-fold logarithm of $N$. This improves a previous solution by Bille, Christiansen, Cording, and G{\o}rtz (2018) with access/move time $O(\log d + \log \log N)$.


OBJECTIVE: This study compares patient outcomes in the mechanically ventilated ICU patient by patient demographics, hospital characteristics and drug therapy. METHODS: Data collected from 42 hospitals included patient demographics, disease severity, sedatives/analgesics administered, hospital type/size, days hospitalized and discharge status. RESULTS: 622 patients were studied (48% female, mean APACHE score = 21.7, 31% with care plans). Only 50% of patient episodes for ICU sedation greater than 24 hours were treated with lorazepam (guideline recommended drug for long-term sedation). 94% of patients received recommended analgesics. Patients in community hospitals had fewer ICU days (9.31 versus 11.05) and total hospital days (14.14 versus 16.96) compared to teaching hospitals. Patients receiving midazolam or orazepam had shorter hospital stays (13.7 and 15.5 days respectively) compared to propofol patients. Patients receiving midazolam had higher mortality rates (31.7%) compared to patients on lorazepam (29.2%). However, these results were not confirmed when controlling for disease severity and other factors. Multivariate regression analysis revealed that type of sedative/analgesic drug treatment and whether the hospital had a care plan were not associated with shorter ICU and total hospital stays when controlling for patient demographics and disease severity. In fact, patients admitted to hospitals with care plans had longer total hospital stays. More severe patients had shorter total hospital stays, probably due to higher mortality. Higher mortality was associated with older patients and higher disease severity. CONCLUSION: There is much discussion about treatment guidelines and use of care plans to improve quality of care and reduce hospitalization costs. In this study, the type of sedation and analgesia treatment in mechanically ventilated ICU patients and whether the patient had a care plan did not influence days in ICU or mortality. Whether following treatment guidelines and care plans reduces total costs, needs further evaluation.


Biodegradable microspheres formulation of testosterone (T)can be used as a new physiological approach for androgen replacement in hypogonadal men.In this study, poly(D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA)microspheres containing T were prepared by a solvent-evaporation/solvent-diffusion process and the drug release tests of the microspheres were carried out in vitro.T/PLGA microspheres with good yield,desired size and satisfied drug loading were obtained.A significant testosterone sustained release was shown in the drug release tests in vitro.Since PLGA microspheres preparations are normally sterilized by colbat-60 irradiation.the effects of 25 kGy colbat-60 irradiation on physicochemical properties and in vitro drug release profile of T/PLGA microsphere were investigatedphysicochemical propertiesd. The results showed that the irradiation didn't have any effects on the of T.Though about one-third decrease in molcoulaar weight of PLGA was caused by the irradiation, no significant changes were observed on the drug release profile in vitro.


This paper aims to increase the feasibility aspect of the existing District Disaster Management of Leh. Ladakh region which consists of two districts Leh and Kargil lies in Zone IV of Damage Risk Zone as strike slip fault is running along Zanskar and Ladakh ranges of the area (Sharma et al., 2013). A detailed analysis of the plan is undertaken and a stepwise decoding of certain areas is done, emphasizing on the need to increase the ex-ante aspect of the plan. This aspect focuses on improvement of preparedness phase of the disaster plan rather than focusing on the rehabilitation phase. Also inculcating the innovative and unique needs of this fragile ecosystem and site-specific improvements suggested for making this plan user friendly and inclusive in true sense and not just on paper.


This study involves the application of an Falling weight deflectometer (FWD) (JILS-20) on numerous test sections in Taiwan. The goal is to develop a temperature correction equation and to establish a structural evaluation system, Structural strength index (SSI), for rapid and reliable assessment of pavement structural conditions. The SSI evaluation system will assist transportation authorities in prioritizing routine preventive maintenance and rehabilitation needs. Temperature correction factors were established based on the 1176 FWD tests on two specific built test sections. Thus, the effects of traffic load on pavement sections can be eliminated. Comparisons of temperature correction factors with other studies were performed. Though, it is interesting to find that in those studies temperature correction factors for deflection were developed under different climatic conditions and pavement structures, the temperature correction factors differ, in average, by only 13%. Three significant indicators for upper and subgrade layers were identified through the comprehensive statistical analyses. Criteria were established so that a pavement engineer can repeatedly use these three indicators for cross checking and verifying the most reasonable assessment. For overall structural evaluation, the SSI was established, with criteria to differentiate good or poor pavement structural condition. One of the advantages of using the SSI is that after the criteria are established, no backcalculation process is required to determine whether structural conditions are good or poor. The SSI is a direct computation from the FWD deflection measurements, which are first corrected for temperature. As more experience is gained using the SSI evaluation system, a revised system will provide higher reliability and accuracy.


This article looks at examples of links and convergence between the Birmingham summit of May 1998 and the Edinburgh CHOGM of October 1997—both chaired and organized by Britain—and between the G8 and the Commonwealth. Birmingham was the first G7 or G8 summit where heads of government met on their own. It was largely modelled on Commonwealth practice. The globalization of the world economy preoccupied Birmingham as well as Edinburgh. The rich G7 countries did not over‐praise globalization, but recognized the need to counter its dangers, as CHOGM had done. As in the past, British and Commonwealth ideas on debt relief for the poorest countries strongly influenced the G8 treatment of this issue. The summit did not adopt the whole of the Mauritius Mandate, still less the Jubilee 2000 proposals advocated by a mass demonstration of NGOs; but it made a step forward and left open the prospect of going further. The initial G8 response to India's nuclear tests was cautious, but they avoided a split over sanctions. Th...


AIM:To study the effect of DSEF(Dan Shen Extract F) on reperfusion injury in gastric antrum. METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into group SC(rats underwent all procedures but hemorrhagic shock), HE(rats suffered from hemorrhagic shock for 20 minutes), NS and DSEF(rats received blood reperfusion after shock for 20 minutes and were killed after 20 minutes);Rats in group DSEF received intravenous infusion of DSEF(1 g/100 g BW), and normal saline was infused (0.03 mL/min) in the other groups. The index and depth of mucosal lesion and intracellular calcium ion concentration were measured. RESULTS:The index and depth in group DSEF were markedly lower than that in group NS( P 0.01), and the index in group HE was 0; As compared with that in group SC, the content of intracellular calcium in group NS increased significantly ( P 0.01), and intracellular calcium ion concentration in group DSEF was much lower than that in group NS( P 0.05). CONCLUSION:Reperfusion can cause gastric mucosal injury of antrum, which can be resisted by DSEF.


epatitis delta virus (HDV) is a subviral agent that canlead to severe acute and chronic forms of liver diseasein association with hepatitis B virus. Delta hepatitis ishighly endemic to several African countries, theAmazonian region, and the Middle East, while its preva-lence is low in industrialized countries, except in theMediterranean. The HDV genome is a circular, single-stranded RNA virus that ranges from 1,672 (strain dFr45,accession number


I and 2 Chronicles. Vol. 1, 1 Chronicles 1-2 Chronicles 9: Israel's Place Among the Nations, by William Johnstone. JSOTSup 253. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. Pp. 411. N.P. 1 and 2 Chronicles. Vol. 2, 2 Chronicles 10-36: Guilt and Atonement, by William Johnstone. JSOTSup 254. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997. Pp. 300. N.P. Given the explosion of the academic study of the biblical text, classical critical philological commentaries have tended to become scribal affairs. Unless the commentator is extremely diligent, contemporary scholarship, rather than the biblical text itself, becomes the main dialogue partner for the commentator-and the reader of the commentary. The length of commentaries grows, yet the biblical text itself becomes a more distant voice, submerged beneath the cacophony of contemporary discussions. William Johnstone seeks to avoid this dilemma is his 700 plus page commentary on 1 and 2 Chronicles by selectively engaging contemporary scholarship and essentially forgoing a scholarly apparatus as he presents his reading of Chronicles to his audience. Yet his intent is not to present a postmodern exercise in the ideology of reading; Johnstone seeks to write "the inductive description of the material in the work itself, written with as few preconceptions as possible about what the theme or themes may turn out to be" (vol. 1, p. 377). He methodically utilizes a concordance to trace the use of language within Chronicles and the rest of the Hebrew Bible, especially Leviticus, to construct "inductively" the message of the text, while comparing Chronicles to its Vorlage in Samuel-Kings. Johnstone helpfully summarizes his basic reading of Chronicles in introductions to each volume (vol. 1, pp. 9-23; vol. 2, pp. 9-20). The bulk of the commentary develops the general hypothesis that the historiographic genre of Chronicles masks its deeper function as a theological work related to midrash, written for "the edification of the community" (vol. 1, p. 23). According to Johnstone, in 1 Chronicles 1-9, the Chronicler spells out the "universal relationship" of God and humanity, and how Israel finds its place amidst the nations in response to the "breakdown" of this relationship. 1 Chronicles 10-2 Chronicles 9 presents Israel attempting to achieve its ideal amidst the nations, sacramentally representing the sovereignty of God amidst the nations through the Davidic dynasty. Yet even here, failure is seen on the horizon. As a consequence, 2 Chronicles 10-36 engages the "exilic" situation of the Chronicler's original audience to understand Israel's failure "and to look beyond it to the conditions for the eventual recognition of God's sovereignty on earth, which will solve the problem of the relationship betwen God and human with which the work began" (vol. 2, p. 11). The Chronicler thus subordinates the "Jerusalemite" royal tradition to the levitical theology of the Temple and its rites in anticipation of the eschatological fulfillment of God's sacramental sovereignty exercised over all creation. Despite Johnstone's claim to investigate inductively Chronicles with minimal presuppositions, his reading operates with a very strong, conservative, and questionable MT bias. Indeed, he produces a commentary on the MT of Chronicles, confusing it with its textual predecessors. Johnstone consistently works with MT paragraphing as significant to his interpretation; textual criticism in the work is basically nonexistent-the MT as the textus receptus is judged to be historically superior. More seriously, he rejects Qumran textual evidence for the Vorlage of Chronicles in his redactional comments, arguing that "the reader is presented with two given texts-Samuel-Kings and C-and these two texts will endure as the received texts for interpretation. …


Synopsis: Analytical method of hydrogen in iron and steel was accomplished in chiefly by GakushinProcess, but in particulars it have to be improved. The authors studied the method of sampling from molten steel as well as treatment and analysis of the cast samples and concluded as follows. 1 ) Hydrogen contained in molten steel was very diffusible. Therefore, the cast sample must be analysed immediately after sampling or with the gas which captured in the glass-bell by mercury at room temperature 2) Scales of the cast sample combined with hydrogen in steels when analysing, and then the analytical value was decreased. So the scales of sample must be grounded off. 3) As hydrogen in steel was extracted in the form of methane, it must be analysed. For this purpose, it was convinient and exact that the volume of the residual oxygene was determined by addition of electrolytic hydrogen and then by its explosion.


This article explores how patients engage in problematic disclosures to their physician. Dialogue from medical encounters suggests that patients sometimes use exaggerated self-disparagement to bid for a physician's forgiveness and reassurance. Grounded in work on conversational framing and alignment, this study documents the conversational mechanism of overclaiming. Overclaims function like disclaimers or accounts, but rather than disclaiming responsibility for an action with potentially negative consequences, the speaker seems to claim disproportionate responsibility for it. In the conversations studied, such bids pay off with emphatic compliments and reassurance. Overclaiming facilitates a shift from the primary frame of a medical encounter to a secondary frame that focuses on the nature of the overclaim rather than the nature of the violation. It is suggested that overclaims are used to elicit more-than-usual reassurance, to save face, and to preserve conversational alignment.


Introduction. High recidivism rate of drug-related offenders is a global problem. Previous studies clarified several factors linked to their reoffending. Still, these factors were not examined through prospective design. We aimed to clarify them through a 5-year prospective longitudinal design.

Method. Participants were 233 men who had been imprisoned as drug-related offenders in a Japanese prison as of 2008 and released by 2013. They aged 43, imprisoned 4 times, had a 10-year of education, and received a 1257-day sentence on average. Cox's proportional hazard regression model was used to obtain hazard ratios for their age, previous sentence days, number of imprisonment, correctional treatment in the prison, and years of education.

Result. At 5 years, the 126 of them (54%) reoffended and returned to the prison. They survived 546 days in free society and received another 838-day sentence on average. The 91 (39%) were imprisoned mainly because of drug-related offence. Their age and correctional treatment in prison decreased the risk of drug-related offence, whereas the number of imprisonment increased the risk. Their previous sentence and years of education had no significant effect on the risk.

Conclusion. Correctional treatment in prison should be effective to reduce the risk of their reoffending rather than harsh sentence.


We report on in-situ etched and regrown buried heterostructure devices. Excellent surface morphology and reduction in surface damage lead to a 20% decrease in threshold current and 50% reduced burn-in degradation rates compared with standard processed devices.


Ecological Humanist Mosaics: Dislocations and Relocations of the Autobiographical Self in Terry Tempest Williams's Finding Beauty in a Broken World Sharman Tullis Gill Department of English, BYU Master of Arts Scientists and theorists are defining the contemporary era as the Anthropocene, an epoch of unprecedented human dominance. Terry Tempest Williams, in Finding Beauty in a Broken World, asserts an ethical place for the human being in the 21 century. In light of ecological humanism, as an eco-critical lens that ethically centers the human in relational systems, she presents the metaphor of mosaic as a human-directed response to relational fragmentation, putting her in conversation with theorists of the Anthropocene. Her narratives of the self in various communities evoke mosaic as relational harmony, harking back to Romantic notions of wholeness and subject-centrism while adding the contemporary aspect of an interconnected and changeable self who, in the Anthropocene, recognizes a stewardship in the construction and maintenance of mosaic. Williams employs literary techniques that suggest dislocations and relocations of the human subject in ethical modes of being. Through narrative modes, multidisciplinary language, and themes of conversation, gift-exchange, listening and response, Williams reflects ecological humanist mosaics, suggesting cooperative regeneration—an intersection of material beings facilitated by an ethical human imagination that listens, receives, and gives toward patterns of beauty, including, but not limited to, being human in a collective world. This eco-critical analysis of Williams's work affirms the human being in post-humanist philosophy and repositions relational Romanticism for the 21 century.


Fifteen new WPA books have just been published or are going to be published during the year 2002.

The fifth and sixth volume of the series "Evidence & Experience in Psychiatry", dealing respectively with bipolar disorder and eating disorders, are forthcoming. This series, published by J. Wiley & Sons, aims to compare research evidence and clinical experience concerning the diagnosis and management of the most common mental disorders. The background of the series is the acknowledgement of the substantial gap still existing in psychiatry between research evidence and clinical practice: clinicians are sometimes incompletely aware of research findings, or regard them as biased, not convincing or not relevant to their practice. Each volume of the series covers a specific mental disorder, by means of a set of systematic reviews of the available research evidence, each followed by many commentaries produced by psychiatrists from many countries and belonging to different schools of thought. The first four volumes of the series - dealing respectively with depressive disorders, schizophrenia, dementia and obsessive-compulsive disorder - are now sold out and are being reprinted. The royalties from the sales of those volumes have been the second most important source of income for the WPA in the years 2000 and 2001. The tables of contents of the two new volumes are presented in Tables Tables11 and and22.

Table 1

Contents of "Bipolar Disorder", fifth volume of the WPA series "Evidence & Experience in Psychiatry"

Table 2

Contents of "Eating Disorders", sixth volume of the WPA series "Evidence & Experience in Psychiatry"

Three more forthcoming volumes published by J. Wiley & Sons will deal respectively with the future of psychiatric diagnosis and classification, the changing social contexts of psychiatry, and psychiatry as a neuroscience. These volumes are based in part on lectures delivered at the 11th World Congress of Psychiatry. In fact, the WPA Executive Committee decided not to produce the usual ponderous volumes containing the proceedings of the World Congress, but to select the most innovative presentations and build from them three high-quality thematic volumes. In order to ensure comprehensiveness, some key issues in the relevant areas not adequately represented in the programme of the World Congress have been covered by additional contributions. The tables of contents of the three volumes are presented in Tables Tables33--55.

Table 3

Contents of the volume "Psychiatric Diagnosis and Classification"

Table 5

Contents of the volume "Psychiatry as a Neuroscience"

One volume has just appeared and five more are forthcoming within the series "Images of Psychiatry", which aims to provide a picture of the past and the present of psychiatry in individual countries or groups of countries, covering such issues as mental health care, psychiatric education, psychiatric research, epidemiology of psychiatric disorders, child and adolescent psychiatry and geriatric psychiatry. The already published volume deals with Arab countries; the forthcoming ones deal with German-speaking countries, Latin America, Spain, Poland and Greece.

Finally, one volume has just been published and three more are forthcoming within the series "Anthologies in Psychiatry", which contains classical psychiatric texts never appeared up to now in English, accompanied by essays on their authors. The already published volume contains classical texts originally produced in Spanish; the forthcoming ones include texts originally produced in German, Italian and Japanese.

Further information on WPA books can be requested from the Secretary for Publications (email@example.com).


 Abstract — To incorporate and progress any business, finance is the sine qua non. Management of funds has become a vibrant element in business. Though strategic planning and raising of funds are essential, controlling and administering of funds receives equal significance as it deals with daily operation of the business. The administering of funds is often referred as working capital management, or fund management, which ensures the sufficient ability in terms of money to endure the day to day operations. Cash investment levels (Capex) and changes in trade receivables result in the rise of alternative costs affecting net working capital level. The rise and fall of working capital level require the balancing of future free cash flows which influences firms' value changes. Thus, management of cash and receivables influence the firm's value. The study focuses on the cash and credit management of the Naga Ltd. – Retail division (as a credit giver). The object of the study is to analyze the management of cash and credit and its effect on the firm's value of Naga Ltd. The secondary data for the study were taken from the records of the company for the period of five years from March 2011 to March 2015. The values are extrapolated and correlations are computed with the help of the SPSS Package to study the co-relationship between net working capital (NWC), future free cash flow (FFCF) and firm's value. It is inferred that firm's value has a stronger positive correlation with FFCF than NWC. The firm must take FFCF into account while planning the NWC to increase the firm's value. By extrapolating NWC, a decreasing trend is anticipated in the near future of the company. It is suggested that the company should revamp its financial strategy to avoid the expected situation and to maintain a favourable working capital position. This will assist the company to enhance its firm's value in future.


Objective To investigate the effectiveness of mitomycin C in strabismus treatment.Methods Animals were divided into mitomycin C group and control group.1 week and 4 weeks post-operatively,peripheral tissues were removed to do pathological study.Results One week post operatively,animal tissue showed red cells,inflammatory cells and fibroblasts.4 weeks post operatively,fibroblasts and neovascular vessels in Mitomycin C group were apparently lower than that control group.Conclusion Mitomycin C can apparently inhibit the formation of fibroblast and new vessel.


The discovery of mutant tyrosine kinases as oncogenic drivers of lung adenocarcinomas has changed our basic understanding of the development and therapy of lung cancer. Yet, we have an incomplete understanding of the expressed kinases (kinome) in lung cancer progenitor cells and whether kinase expression and the overall kinome changes, or is reprogrammed, during transformation. We performed RNA-sequencing on freshly isolated human Alveolar Type II cells (ATII), Basal Cells (BC), and lung cancer cell lines to define the normal kinome in non-transformed cells and identify kinome changes during transformation. Our studies have identified a unique kinome for ATII and BC, and changes in their cells' respective kinome as they undergo transformation that identify potential therapeutic targets.   Keywords: alveolar type II cells, basal cells, kinases, kinome, lung adenocarcinoma, RNA-Sequencing, lung squamous cell carcinoma.


In our study,a comparative test of 11 new,fresh-eating and glutinous corn varieties was carried out with"Suyunuo No.5 "as control.The results showed that the yield of "Heinuo270","Xiameinuo No.1","Tianxiangcaiyu "and"Gengyunbainuo"were significantly higher than control variety.These varieties had good characters and could be further extended at reasonable scale.


EFFECT OF cAMP ELEVATION ON THE NPY GENE TRANSCRIPTION. A. Pance, D. Balbi, N. Holliday and J.M. Allen. Physiological Laboratory, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EG. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36 amino acid peptide which has widespread distribution in the mammalian central nervous system [ 11. This neuropeptide has been implicated in the regulation of many important physiological processes. A knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which the expression of this peptide is regulated is important for understanding its role in neuronal differentiation and plasticity. NPY expression in adrenal medulla and post-ganglionic sympathetic nerves is induced by several factors, including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). We have previously shown that the effect of VIP is almost entirely mediated via activation of adenylate cyclase in PC12 cells [2]. These cells are derived from a rat phaeochromocytoma and resemble immature chromaffin cells. The genomic structure of the rat NPY gene has been determined [ 3 ] and consensus sequences for various transcription factors have been found in the promoter region of the gene. Although no classic cAMP response elements are present, a number of sequences recognized by specific transcription factors have been identified, including an AP-I and two AP-2 sites [4]. A reporter function was used to study transcriptional control of the NPY gene. The promoter region of the NPY gene (700 bp) was fused to the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene and transiently expressed in PC12 cells. Levels of CAT activity in cell extracts were determined to estimate promoter activity. Consensus sequences were specifically deleted using oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis in order to study their contribution to the transcriptional control of the gene, in particular that excerted by elevation of CAMP. In this way, three constructs were made in which either the AP-I, both AP-2 or all three sites were deleted. Specific activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin in PC12 cells transfected with the wild type promoter produced a 7 fold activation (Fig. 1). A significant reduction of this effect was achieved after deletion of the two AP-2 sites, or all sites (4 fold rise in both cases). This coincides with studies in other systems, where AP-2 sites were found to mediate responses to cAMP [ 5 ] . In contrast, the effect of forskolin was only marginally affected by the removal of the AP-I sequence (6 fold induction). This indicates that the AP-1 site has minimal control of the NPY gene transcription in response to adenylate cyclase activation. The two AP-2 sites contribute significantly to this regulation, but additional sequences in the W Y 5' flanking region are involved. The contribution of two major signalling pathways to the forskolin response was assessed using the highly specific inhibitors Calphostin C and H-89, which target PKC and PKA respectively. In PC12 cells transfected with the wild type NPY promoter, theeffect of forskolin was markedly redwed (80%) by H-89, but only attenuated (30%) by Calphosiin C (Fig. 2). This indicated that the forskolin response is mediated mainly by PKA, although


(cid:1) -Synuclein is a small presynaptic protein implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson disease. Nevertheless, its physiological roles and mechanisms remain incompletely understood. (cid:1) -Synuclein is not only expressed in neurons but also in the vascular endothelium, which contains intracellular granules called Weibel-Palade bodies (WPBs) that contain a number of chemokines, adhesive molecules, and inflammatory cytokines. This study explored whether the exocytosis of WPB is regulated by (cid:1) -synuclein.Phorbol12-myristate13-acetate-,thrombin-,or forskolin-induced von Willebrand factor release or transloca-tionofP-selectinfromendothelialcellswereinhibitedby (cid:1) -and (cid:2) -synuclein but not (cid:3) -synuclein. Three point mutants (A30P, A53T, and E46K) found in familial Parkinson disease also inhibited WPB exocytosis similar to that of wild-type (cid:1) -synuclein. Furthermore, the negative regulation of WPB exocytosis required the N terminus or the nonamyloid (cid:2) -component of Alzheimer disease amyloid region of (cid:1) -synuclein, but not the C-terminal acidic tail, and (cid:1) -synuclein affected WPB exocytosis through interference with RalA activation by enhancing the interaction of RalGDS- (cid:2) -arrestin complexes. Immuno-EM analysis revealed that (cid:1) -synuclein was localized close to WPBs. These findings imply that (cid:1) -synuclein plays as a negative regulator in WPB exocytosis in endothelial cells.


In this study, we propose using the d33 mode of a d33/d31 meter, new cuts and vibration modes to evaluate electroacoustical constants (dielectric, elastic and piezoelectric constants) of a piezoelectric crystal belonging to point group m. All material constants at room temperature of lanthanum calcium oxoborate LaCa4O(BO3)3 single crystals were thereby determined. The piezoelectric constants d11 and d33 measured by the d33 meter were 2.1 and 1.5 pC/N, respectively. The others were determined by the resonance-antiresonance method using various cuts in which the length-extensional mode and/or face-shear mode can be generated. The elastic compliances s44E, s55E and s66E were 35×10-12, 18×10-12 and 18×10-12 m2/N, respectively. Moreover, in order to investigate the dependence of the Rayleigh surface acoustic wave (RSAW) velocity and coupling coefficient k2 on propagation direction, theoretical analysis by computer simulations was carried out for the Z-cut using the elastic compliances obtained in this study. The dependence of RSAW velocity on propagation direction calculated using the elastic compliances obtained did not agree with measurement results, but the calculated results were significantly improved and closer to measurement results.


Cultural gap often results in misunderstanding and pragmatic failure. It is important for us to compare hat, cap with national traits, which can make us correctly use them and avoid the misunderstanding in communication and improve our communicative ability.


We are now entering the second round of research assessment under the Excellence in Research for Australia (ERA) model. Given overseas experience, ERA will have increasing impact on us, and on universities. A number of writers (eg Cooper and Poletti 2011, Dobson 2011) have drawn attention to ERA-related problems for the humanities and social sciences in general. Here we focus our attention on linguistics, especially on the highly contentious issue of journal rankings. While now excluded as a direct measure, they are likely continue to exert indirect influence. We consider problems with journal rankings, and analyse them in a series of different ways: (a) linguistics v. disciplines in Australia; (b) within linguistics; (c) with the original European source rankings; Our results points to large discrepancies that (dis)favour some, including linguistics in (a), over others in each category. These discrepancies, as well as some truly aberrant results, are presented and the reasons for them discussed. Finally, we turn our attention briefly to the new measures that have been brought in to replace journal rankings, and consider their meaning before asking how, as a collective, we might respond to the challenge which ERA represents.


An experimental investigation compared repair methods that could be used to repair timber piles in timber pile bridges. Five full-scale timber pile specimens with different levels of damages were prepared. The damage in each specimen was repaired with fiberglass-reinforced plastic wrap to encapsulate the damaged region, which was filled either with resin or grout or with resin and gravel. Ultimate load tests were carried out on the specimens to evaluate the effectiveness of the repair methods. Test results showed that grout was more effective than resin in repairing large cavity-type damage. Resin appeared to be more effective in repairing cracks and small cavities in timber piles. The failure load of the repaired pile specimens was at least five times greater than the design load capacity of the timber piles and indicated that the repair methods effectively restored the capacity of the damaged timber piles.


Objective The content of impurities and harmful elements in halite from different places were analyzed by means of SEM.Methods The halites were analyzed by means of LEO1430VP Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with INCA200 X-ray energy spectrum.Results and Conclusion The results of SEM show that halite mainly contained oxygen,aluminmum,magnesium,sodium,potassium,chloride,silicon,calcium,iron and sulfur.There were great differences in the content of impurities in different halite.The concomitant compound with halite may be potassium,calcium and silicon oxides,or potassium,calcium and silicon sodium oxysalt,or potassium,calcium and silicon chlorides.


Quasi-static tests were carried out to compare the flexural behavior of CFT and DCST columns with equal diameter. One CFT column specimen and two DSCT specimens with 80% and 90% of hollow ratios were compared. One DSCT specimen was designed to use the same amount of steel as the CFT specimen and the other was designed to have equal second moment of inertia of the steel tube to that of the CFT specimen. As a result, the DSCT column specimens showed higher strength than the CFT column specimen. However, the CFT specimen showed larger ductility than the DSCT column specimens. Experimental results showed that the DSCT column should be designed and applied according to the priority of each performance such as strength and ductility in accordance with the required performance conditions. Considering the amount of material used, the DSCT column can be a considerably economical structure.


I will review progresses of photonic crystal lasers, which are now recognized as an unprecedented type of lasers that can operate coherently in broad area, produce a tailored beam on demand, realize a beam steering functionality, etc.


The following statistical tables represent the records of 5,700 cases of diseases of the ear treated during the last eight years at the Illinois Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary, in Chicago. I have added a relatively small number of unselected cases from the records of my private practice to supply the place of those whose records were incomplete. The purpose for which the classification was begun was to establish a basis of calculation of the influence, if any, exerted by occupation, age or sex in the causation of ear-diseases. The condition of each patient at the time he first presented himself at the clinic was recorded in order to determine the relative frequency of the different diseases. As is usual in charity hospitals, a very large percentage of those who applied for treatment belonged to that class of laboring people who have no definite trade or fixed occupation. It is


From Hegel to Heidegger and Agamben, modern Western philosophy has been haunted by how to think the connections between death, humanness and animality. This article explores how these connections have been represented by Italian writers Tommaso Landolfi (1908–79) and Stefano D'Arrigo (1919–92). Specifically, it investigates how the death of a nonhuman animal is portrayed in two works: 'Mani', a short story by Landolfi collected in his first book Il dialogo dei massimi sistemi (Dialogue on the Greater Harmonies) (1937), and D'Arrigo's massive novel Horcynus Orca (Horcynus Orca) (1975). Both 'Mani' and Horcynus Orca display how the fictional representation of the death of a nonhuman animal challenges any philosophical positions of human superiority and establishes instead animality as the unheimlich mirror of the human condition. In fact, in both stories, the animal — a mouse and a killer whale, respectively — do die and their deaths represent a mise en abyme that both arrests the human narrative and sparks a moment of acute ontological recognition.


Due to robustness, reliability, low price and maintenance free, Induction Motors (IMs) are used in most of the industrial applications. The influence of these motors (in terms of energy consumption) in energy intensive industries is significant in total input cost. This paper presents a review of Multiobjective Optimization (MO) in the design optimization of Induction Motor. The study is segmented into two. The first part covers the background information on Induction Motor. The focus in this study is on Induction Motor because of their prominent use and necessity to narrow the area of study. In the later part, the Multiobjective Optimization, mathematical formulation and various Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) are shortly explained. All optimization algorithms are not taken into consideration likewise motor types to narrow the area of


Two of the major infectious complications of cardiac surgery are pneumonia and surgical site infections of the sternum and graft harvest site. These postoperative adverse events significantly increase patient morbidity, mortality and cost associated with coronary artery bypass graft operations. Pre existing diabetes mellitus is commonly considered one of the primary risk factors for development of these major infections. However, most of the previous cardiac surgery risk factor studies have not considered the role perioperative stress hyperglycemia may play in initiating these complications. The primary hypothesis of this retrospective descriptive cohort study was that perioperative stress hyperglycemia (defined as either perioperative serum glucose threshold >250 mg/dL or perioperative serum glucose change >50 mg/dL) is an independent risk factor for the composite outcome of postoperative infections, including pneumonia and surgical site infections of the sternum and harvest site. The relationship of stress hyperglycemia to the individual infection outcomes was also examined. The secondary study hypothesis was that stress hyperglycemia increases resource utilization as excess days of care. The setting was a tertiary care federal medical facility in the southwestern United States, and the study cohort involved 1285 male military veterans. Univariate regression analysis of major known risk factors and multivariate logistic regression analysis of significant predictors were used to model the relationship of perioperative hyperglycemia and major postoperative infections.


Essentials Nonacog beta pegol (N9‐GP) is an extended half‐life, recombinant human factor IX (FIX). One‐stage clotting (OSC) and chromogenic FIX activity assays were assessed for N9‐GP recovery. OSC STA®‐Cephascreen®, ROX FIX and BIOPHEN FIX chromogenic assays were qualified for N9‐GP. Other extended half‐life factor products should be assessed in a similar way prior to approval.


In Hongshan Region of North Qaidam Basin, abundant of oil and gas were displayed.Triterpane distribution and hopane distribution were special in the crude oil.They were found out in the north of Qaidam Basin and Pingdingshan Area, it was another kind of source rock in Qaidam Basin.By comparing it with lower Jurassic and Carboniferous source rocks, it was considered that its crude possibly belonged to the mixed compound of lower Jurassic and Carboniferous source rocks, or from 3rd stratum except the mentioned 2.Source study shows that there exist other good quality oil types except of Jurassic oil in the basin.It improves the exploration potential in the north margin of Qaidam Basin.


This article cover's the views of an Advanced Intelligent Network Long Distance service provider and service integrator regarding requirements for service delivery and service assurance platforms in an open systems environment. It discusses the overall goals of service providers and their customers along with the attributes of an Advanced Intelligent Network open systems environment. It also presents service delivery and service assurance processes along with the environmental constraints of the existing platforms. The focus of this presentation is to detail the requirements for service delivery and service assurance platforms that can progressively improve flexibility, accelerate the service delivery process, and ensure availability of service assurance capabilities at the time of rolling services into the network.


Geometrically nonlinear buckling of functionally graded magneto-electro-elastic (FG-MEE) nanoshells with the use of classical shell theory and nonlocal strain gradient theory (NSGT) has been analyzed in present research. Mathematical formulation based on NSGT gives two scale coefficients for simultaneous description of structural stiffness reduction and increment. Functional gradation of material properties is described based on power-law formulation. The nanoshell is under a multi-physical field related to applied voltage, magnetic potential, and mechanical load. Exerting a strong electric voltage, magnetic potential or mechanical load may lead to buckling of nanoshell. Taking into account geometric nonlinearity effects after buckling, the behavior of nanoshell in post-buckling regime can be analyzed. Nonlinear governing equations are reduced to ordinary equations utilizing Galerkin's approach and post-buckling curves are obtained based on an analytical procedure. It will be shown that post-buckling curves are dependent on nonlocal/strain gradient parameters, electric voltage magnitude and sign, magnetic potential magnitude and sign and material gradation exponent.


Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have proved to be a convenient and powerful tool for a wide range of problems. However, the extensive computational and memory resource requirements hinder the adoption of DNNs in resource-constrained scenarios. Existing compression methods have been shown to significantly reduce the computation and memory requirements of many popular DNNs. These methods, however, remain elusive to non-experts, as they demand extensive manual tuning of hyperparameters. The effects of combining various compression techniques lack exploration because of the large design space. To alleviate these challenges, this paper proposes an automated framework, Mayo, which is built on top of TensorFlow and can compress DNNs with minimal human intervention. First, we present overriders which are recursively-compositional and can be configured to effectively compress individual components (e.g. weights, biases, layer computations and gradients) in a DNN. Second, we introduce novel heuristics and a global search algorithm to efficiently optimize hyperparameters. We demonstrate that without any manual tuning, Mayo generates a sparse ResNet-18 that is 5.13x smaller than the baseline with no loss in test accuracy. By composing multiple overriders, our tool produces a sparse 6-bit CIFAR-10 classifier with only 0.16% top-1 accuracy loss and a 34x compression rate. Mayo and all compressed models are publicly available. To our knowledge, Mayo is the first framework that supports overlapping multiple compression techniques and automatically optimizes hyperparameters in them.


Aim:  Endoscopically‐placed, push‐type percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEG) have recently been made possible through the use of a gastropexy device. However, the safety and efficacy of the procedure in patients suffering from severe trismus or malignant obstruction due to head and neck cancers have rarely been reported. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the feasibility, safety and risk of endoscopic push‐type PEG in this group of patients.


Reactions of coadsorbed t-butoxy and NO, generated by thermal dissociation of t-butyl nitrite dosed onto Cu(111), were investigated using time-of-flight mass spectrometry, temperature-programmed desorption, and Auger electron spectroscopy. In the high-temperature regime above 500 K, t-butyl alcohol, isobutene, carbon oxides, and molecular nitrogen desorb. In the more complex regime below 500 K, nitrous oxide, molecular nitrogen, hydrazine, water, carbon oxides, and acetylene desorb. The proposed low-temperature reaction pathways involve rearrangement of adsorbed nitric oxide to form N2O and N2, reaction between adsorbed (CH3)3CO(a) and O(a) or N(a) to form a metallocyclic intermediate (1) and either adsorbed O(a)H or N(a)H. The intermediate (1) undergoes multiple C−C bond cleavages in a series of steps to form carbon oxides and adsorbed methylenes. The latter couple to form di-σ-bonded ethylene, which can either dehydrogenate to acetylene or be partially oxidized to acetate that dissociates in the high-te...


Abstract : The report is intended as a ready reference concerning the standard underwater sound transducers stocked by the Underwater Sound Reference Division. It also summarizes a few of the highlights of many years spent in investigating materials, design, and construction techniques to satisfy the requirements of widely varying underwater sound measurement problems. Twenty-nine appendices present descriptions and performance characteristics of as many individual transducer types.


This invention relates to compounds of general formula (R')xZny(L)z(A)n(XR)m, where L is a bi- or multifunctional organic neutral ligand or its deprotonated form, containing at least two heteroatoms selected from N, O, S, wherein at least one of the functional groups of the ligand is selected from -OH, -SH, -NH2, -NHR, -COOH, -CONH2, -CONRH or their deprotonated equivalents; A is an inorganic anion, X is oxygen or sulfur, R' is C1-C10 alkyl, straight or branched, benzyl, phenyl cyclohexyl or halogen, R is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl, x is a number from 0 to 6, y is a number from 1 to 12, z is a number from 1 to 12, n is a number from 0 to 6, m is a number from 0 to 6, wherein x?0, n?0 and m?0 at the same time and if n and m = 0, then x is not equal to z. The invention also relates to the method of preparation of these compounds and applications thereof.


The active implementation of climate change projects, the latest resource- and nature-saving technologies, and environmental measures for the green growth of national economies require financial support. Currently, financial resources for environment-related investments and innovations are raised due to the increase of operational activities in banking institutions aimed at introducing green projects on the principles of environmental and socially responsible financing. This modern trend, known in the financial sphere as green banking, becomes relevant in countries where it is quite uncommon (for example, the Russian Federation and the Republic of Kazakhstan). The study aims at identifying the preferred tools for implementing the mechanism of green banking in Russia and Kazakhstan. The comparative analysis of expert opinions from Russia and Kazakhstan allows identifying both similarities and differences regarding the preferred instruments for providing monetary credits by green banking. However, the best lending rates for legal entities are considered the most preferable for experts from both countries.
The authors of the article conclude that the creation of a segment of green products and services in the financial market will serve not only the implementation of the green economy principles but also the formation of an effective environmental policy as a mechanism for implementing sustainable development goals supported by environmental financial policy.


This paper describes a novel hardware architecture of the coarsely integrated hybrid scanning (CIHS) algorithm which performs Montgomery modular multiplication. The CIHS algorithm integrates the multiplication and reduction steps involved in modular multiplication. When implemented on a Virtex XC2VP50 device, the architecture can perform 128-bit modular multiplication at a data-rate of 160 Mbit/s and 256-bit modular multiplication at 216 Mbit/s. To the authors' knowledge, these are the first performance figures for a hardware CIHS algorithm architecture to be reported in the literature. A methodology for generating Montgomery multiplication test vectors is also described.


How to schedule the closed reentrant queueing networks so as to maximize the system mean output is an intractable NP hard problem. In this paper, a method of average reward reinforcement learning (RL) is applied to automatically find an adaptive scheduling policy by directly optimizing the mean output. Numerical study demonstrates that the RL scheduler consistently outperforms all the known priority policies.


To explore the consequences of the quark structure of baryons with regard to the binding mechanism of a hypernucleus, we evaluate the binding energy reduction produced by the elimination of a special five-baryon quark Pauli-forbidden configuration. A simple method of eliminating general forbidden configurations is proposed and its usefulness is confirmed by comparison to other methods. The binding energy reduction becomes noticeable at a baryon size of 0.6 fm and becomes significantly large at 0.86 fm (the size of a free proton) for 5He and 6 ΛΛHe, while it is much smaller for 5 ΛΛH and 5 ΛΛHe.


Scheduling problems are a paradigm of CSP. In this paper we present a number of techniques to solve them by means of Genetic Algorithms. Firstly we consider conventional Genetic Algorithms and then we demonstrate that their performance really improves when used together with other techniques such as dispatching rules, probability based heuristics or local search. We report results from an experimental study showing that a local search method is able to improve the performance of a Genetic Algorithm in solving the Job Shop Scheduling problem.


As the first Gram-negative photosynthetic prokaryotes appeared on the earth, cyanobacteria becomes a research hotspot as a result of its importance in ecological structure and unique in the process of biological evolution.This paper reviewed the effect of extreme environment including ultraviolet radiation, abnormal temperature, high salt density on the physiological, biochemical, metabolic process and molecular level of cyanobacteria, and the producing character of shield substances as well as the adapting mechanism of cyanobacteria to extreme environment were analyzed and summarized.


Aegle marmelos (L.) or Bael is a deciduous holy tree, popular in temples of Lord Shiva in India, which has enormous potential of medicinal plants and traditional uses against various diseases. The tree is native to India and is found growing wild in SubHimalayan tracts from Jhelum eastwards to West Bengal, in central and south India. Seeds are beneficial to in treating diabetes, high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Seed oil exhibits antibacterial activity against different strains of Vibrios (Kulkarni et al., 2012). In recent times, focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large body of evidence has collected to show immense potential of medicinal plants used in various traditional systems. Upon compiling the available literature on research work done mainly on physicochemical characterization of oil from the seed of Aegle marmelos L., the present work is planned to fill the niche areas which has to be systematically filled in research works related to Aegle marmelos L.


The η6-fluorene cyclopentadienyl complexes [(η5-C5R5)M(η6-fluorene)](SbF6)2 (1: M = Co, R = Me; 2a: M = Rh, R = H; 2b: M = Ir, R = H) were synthesized by the iodide abstraction from [(η5-C5R5)MI2]n with AgSbF6 in the presence of fluorene. The procedure is also suitable for the synthesis of the indenyl derivatives [(η5-indenyl)M(η6-fluorene)](SbF6)2 (3a: M = Rh; 3b: M = Ir) starting from [(η5-indenyl)MI2]n. The structures of [1](SbF6)2 and [2b](SbF6)2 were determined by X-ray diffraction. The rhodium complex [2a](SbF6)2 readily undergoes the replacement of the fluorene ligand by mesitylene, being more reactive than the benzene derivative [CpRh(η6-C6H6)](SbF6)2. According to experimental data and DFT calculations, the fluorene elimination proceeds via a cascade of η6 → η5 → η1 haptotropic rearrangements. The complex [2b](SbF6)2 (at 1 mol % loading) effectively catalyzes the reductive amination reaction between aldehydes (or ketones) and primary aromatic (or secondary aliphatic) amines in the presence of car...


Magnetic Resonance Image-Guided High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (MR-HIFU) is a technology that enables non-invasive MRI-guided ablation of anatomy, such as benign and malignant tumors and pain-causing nerves. In recent years, MR-HIFU has been widely used for various applications, such as treating uterine fibroids, bone metastases, and prostate and brain cancer, among other diseases. However, the current clinical MR-HIFU systems have shortcomings, such as limited or impossible patient positioning options for targets in the extremities, torso, and neck areas. These shortcomings stem from integrating the ultrasound transducer into the MRI table. This study aims to develop a body-mounted, MRI-compatible robotic positioning system for in-bore procedures for treating musculoskeletal lesions in the extremities. The proposed system aims to improve patient positioning options and increase the accuracy of MR-HIFU for these procedures. A 5-DOF (degrees of freedom) body-mounted MRI-compatible robotic system was designed, and its workspace and kinematics were analyzed using MATLAB and Simulink. A mechanical prototype was fabricated using 3D printers and other manufacturing tools using non-ferromagnetic materials. The targeting accuracy of the prototype was measured using an optical tracker in two benchtop studies. The proposed body-mounted MRI-compatible robotic positioning system has the potential to address the limitations of current clinical MR-HIFU body systems. We propose improving patient positioning and accuracy by using a novel vacuum-pad-based mounting system that conforms to the local body shape and stabilizes both the target anatomy and the robot. The system's high modularity also allows using various probes or needle-based MRI-guided percutaneous interventions by removing the HIFU probe and placing a needle guide tool. As opposed to a table-integrated robot, our proposed robot is patient-mounted and can potentially be integrated with different MRI scanners from different manufacturers.


ANTI-MATTER ASTRONOMER ASTRONOMY ATOMS BIG-BANG BLACK HOLES CALCULATION CAUSE AND EFFECT CHAOS COMETS CONSTELLATIONS COSMOLOGIST COSMOLOGY COSMOS CRYSTALS DATA DOPPLER E = MC2 ECLIPSE EINSTEIN, ALBERT ELECTRONS ENERGY ERROR ETHER EXPERIMENT FACT FISSION FORCE FUSION GALAXIES GEOMETRY GLUONS GOD GRAVITY HEAT HYPOTHESIS INFINITE KNOWLEDGE LAWS LIGHT LOCATION MAGNETIC MATHEMATICS MATTER METEORS MILKY WAY MODELS MONOPOLES MOTION NATURE NEUTRON NEUTRINO NEWTON, SIR ISAAC OBSERVATION OBSERVATORY OCCAM'S RAZOR OPTICS ORDER PARADOX PARTICLES PENDULUM PHOTON PHYSICIST PHYSICS PLANETS PRAYER PRINCIPLE PROBABILITY PROTONS PULSAR QUARK QUANTUM THEORY RADAR RADIATION RADIUM REALITY RED SHIFT RELATIVITY REST SIMULTANEITY SINGULARITY SOUND SOLAR SYSTEM SPACE SPACE-TIME SPECTRAL SEQUENCE SPECTROSCOPE STARS STATISTICS SUN SYMBOL SYMMETRY SYSTEMS TACHYONS TELESCOPE TEMPERATURE THEORY THERMODYNAMICS TIME TRUTH UNCERTAINTY UNIVERSE VACUUM VELOCITY VOID X-RAY BIBLIOGRAPHY PERMISSIONS SUBJECT INDEX AUTHOR INDEX


This transformation from an industrialized age model to a student-centered, standardsbased model has received various reactions from a multitude of stakeholders. In May 2012, the 125 Maine Legislature passed into law LD 1422, An Act to Prepare Maine People for the Future Economy. This law required students that graduate from Maine public high schools to graduate with a diploma that demonstrated proficiency on standards in eight content areas and guiding principles. One prior study conducted in four phases by the Maine Education Policy Research Institute (MEPRI) examined the impacts, challenges and facilitators within implementation of this state policy. The focus for this study was to document, analyze and describe how school district leaders in Maine have proposed to implement LD 1422 by July 1, 2021. As all Maine districts were required to complete a confirmation of readiness application or an extension application with the Maine Department of Education (MDOE), this study reviewed these applications and district policies. The collected data were coded, analyzed and organized in relation to the research questions. Findings were reported by five categories: background metrics, state extension options, policy implementations, professional development and patterns and trends. This research suggests that there is a personalized learning approach to the implementation of LD 1422 as no significant patterns or trends emerged. The study suggests that LD 1422 was an impetus for change as districts increased professional development (91%) and changed district policies (68.8%). The study found that 81.3% of districts are measuring


Abstract : The effects of thermal treatment and chemical etching of platinum on the specific rate of the chemical reaction of chemisorbed oxygen with hydrogen were determined. The hydrogen was present in electrochemically clean 1M H2SO4 and in the derma of the metal. On successive thermal treatments of bright Pt beads, which were heated to the melting point and then slowly recrystallized under high temperatures, the specific rate varied randomly from trial to trial. Where heating was more uniform and the cooling rate slower, reaction of hydrogen with Pt-O was usually faster. Repeated aqua regia etching of a given Pt bead caused monotonic improvement until a rate between 0.014 and 0.021 amp/sq cm was attained. Rates on Pt wire electrodes, which probably differed from the flame-formed Pt beads both in average crystallite size and number of defects (created by the drawing process and only partially removed by subsequent annealing), were highly variable but considerably lower than on beads. Surfaces whose activity for the Pt-O/hydrogen reaction differed manyfold showed no differences in anodic charging curves. Electrochemical rates of water oxidation at +0.617 v and +0.587 v (NHE) and reduction of hydrogen ions at +0.300 v also did not differ. It appears that many electrochemical reactions are insensitive to these differences in surface condition. (Author)


The article proposes a reflection on the consecrated idea of cultural action, which intends to revisit the notion of public life. Cultural action is thus understood in its historical development and it is questioned in its potentiality as an action in times of political and democratic crisis. From the dialogue with Political Philosophy and from the analysis of artistic and pedagogical practices, besides the public intervention of Sao Paulo artists, we reflect on the perspectives of cultural action in the current historical moment, focusing on it as an expression of the public sphere and political participation, broadening the spheres of sharing the sensitive field and re-singularizing the existential universes.


BACKGROUND
Recent advancements in cell engineering and bioreactor engineering have enabled high monoclonal antibody (mAb) concentrations in harvested solutions for the downstream process (DSP).

METHODS
As many unit operations such as capture chromatography, polish chromatography, membrane filtration, virus inactivation, virus filtration, and concentration by ultrafiltration are involved in DSP, it is crucial to monitor the process carefully in order to perform reliable and stable DSP operations. One of the most important signals (process parameter) to be monitored is the protein concentration CP. Although various methods are available, most of them are not suited for measuring high CP. In this paper, we have developed a method for measuring very high CP by optical rotation (OR).

RESULT
Linear correlations were confirmed between OR and CP in the range CP = 0 to 80 g/L for mAbs with high repeatability and small variation coefficients. This method was applied to the monitoring of CP in the opaque (colored) solution during the cell culture. The CP by OR was in good agreement with those by the standard Protein A HPLC method.

CONCLUSION
Monitoring of high CP by OR is expected to be an efficient process analytical tool (PAT) for DSP.


Alignment of Cr3+ in ruby has been accomplished by optically pumping a ruby sample with circularly polarized radiation, 6943 A, from a high-power ruby laser. Alignment of Cr3+ is detected by the emf induced in a coil surrounding the ruby sample. Measurements of the percentage alignment and relaxation time of Cr3+ are obtained from oscillograms of the induced emf and of the circularly polarized radiation from the ruby laser. At room temperature the efficiency of alignment is several tens of percent and the relaxation time of Cr3+ is about 0.1 μsec.


Signal integrity analysis is largely neglected in flexible circuit design. Referred to as "cables," ribbons or discrete connections, minimal, if any, analysis is typically performed. However, due to their ability to successfully address mechanical flexibility and cost constraints, flexible circuits have become increasingly appealing solutions for high-speed, controlled impedance interconnect. Design for signal integrity, characteristic impedance and attenuation control are critical to successfully placing flexible circuits in the highspeed market at GHz frequencies. This paper addresses the following: (1) mesh reference plane impedance prediction using solid plane techniques; (2) characteristic impedance variations caused by inconsistent orientation to reference planes; (3) uneven adhesive distribution in mesh reference constructs; (4) cross-talk resulting from signal-to-mesh orientation and dielectric separation; (5) material alternatives to lower dielectric loss in high-speed applications.


Wheat curl mite (Aceria tosichella Keifer) is an important wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) pest in many wheat-growing regions worldwide. Mite feeding damage not only directly affects wheat yield, but A. tosichella also transmits Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Wheat resistance to A. tosichella, therefore, helps control WSMV. OK05312 (PI 670019) is an advanced breeding line released from Oklahoma that shows a high level of A. tosichella resistance. To map the gene(s) conditioning wheat resistance to A. tosichella in OK05312, a genetic linkage map was constructed using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers derived from genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and a population of 186 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross 'Jerry' (PI 632433)/OK05312. Seedlings of both parents and the RIL population were infested by A. tosichella Biotype 1 in greenhouse experiments. One major quantitative trait locus was identified on the short arm of chromosome 6D, which corresponds to the previously reported gene Cmc4 for A. tosichella resistance. This gene explained up to 71% of the phenotypic variation and was delimited in a 1.7-Mb (?3.3-cM) region by SNPs 370SNP7523 and 370SNP1639. We successfully converted 12 GBS-SNPs into Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) markers. Two of them tightly linked to Cmc4 were validated to be highly diagnostic in a US winter wheat population and can be used for marker-assisted breeding for incorporation of Cmc4 into new wheat cultivars. J. Zhao, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F Univ., No. 3 Taicheng Rd, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China; J. Zhao, N.R. Abdelsalam, L. Zhao, and G. Bai, Dep. of Agronomy, Kansas State Univ., 2004 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan KS 66506; N.R. Abdelsalam, Agricultural Botany Dep., Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria Univ., Alexandria 21531, Egypt; L. Khalaf, W.-P. Chuang, and C.M. Smith, Dep. of Entomology, Kansas State Univ., 123 Waters Hall, Manhattan KS 66506; L. Khalaf, Dep. of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Univ. of Baghdad, Al-Jadriyah, Baghdad, Iraq; W.-P. Chuang, Dep. of Agronomy, National Taiwan Univ., No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 10617, Taiwan; B. Carver, Dep. of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State Univ., 371 Agricultural Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078; G. Bai, USDA, Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, 4008 Throckmorton Hall, Manhattan KS 66506. Received 20 Nov. 2018. Accepted 4 Mar. 2019. *Corresponding author (email@example.com). Assigned to Associate Editor Shuyu Liu. Abbreviations: BLAST, Basic Local Alignment Search Tool; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; GBS, genotyping-by-sequencing; KASP, Kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction; LRR, leucine-rich repeat; MAS, marker-assisted selection; NBS, nucleotide binding site; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; QTL, quantitative trait locus; RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism; RIL, recombinant inbred line; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SSR, simple sequence repeats; TIR, Toll interleukin-1 receptor; UNEAK, Universal NetworkEnabled Analysis Kit; WSMV, Wheat streak mosaic virus. Published in Crop Sci. 59:1567–1575 (2019). doi: 10.2135/cropsci2018.11.0695 © 2019 The Author(s). Re-use requires permission from the publisher. Published April 25, 2019


The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors the causal pathogen of huanglongbing (HLB), which is likely the most important disease affecting worldwide citrus production. Interplanting citrus with guava, Psidium guajava L., was reported to reduce D. citri populations and incidence of HLB. We describe a series of investigations on the response of D. citri to citrus volatiles with and without guava leaf volatiles and to synthetic dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), in laboratory olfactometers and in the field. Volatiles from guava leaves significantly inhibited attraction of D. citri to normally attractive host‐plant (citrus) volatiles. A similar level of inhibition was recorded when synthetic DMDS was co‐released with volatiles from citrus leaves. In addition, the volatile mixture emanating from a combination of intact citrus and intact guava leaves induced a knock‐down effect on adult D. citri. Compounds similar to DMDS including dipropyl disulphide, ethyl‐1‐propyl disulphide, and diethyl disulphide did not affect the behavioural response of D. citri to attractive citrus host plant volatiles. Head‐space volatile analyses were conducted to compare sulphur volatile profiles of citrus and guava, used in our behavioural assays, with a gas chromatography‐pulsed flame photometric detector. DMDS, produced by wounded guava in our olfactometer assays, was not produced by similarly wounded citrus. The airborne concentration of DMDS that induced the behavioural effect in the 4‐choice olfactometer was 107 pg/ml. In a small plot field experiment, populations of D. citri were significantly reduced by deployment of synthetic DMDS from polyethylene vials compared with untreated control plots. Our results verify that guava leaf volatiles inhibit the response of D. citri to citrus host plant volatiles and suggest that the induced compound, DMDS, may be partially responsible for this effect. Also, we show that field deployment of DMDS reduces densities of D. citri and thus may have potential as a novel control strategy.


As specifications for trace metals are lowered in semiconductor chemicals, analysis time and the potential for contamination have increased. Two important metals: Na and K, are typically analyzed by graphite furnace AAS (GFAA). GFAA is capable of analyzing aqueous developers with very low detection limits, but GFAA is not the perfect procedure due to its long run time and the potential for contamination. The semiconductor industry needs a procedure to analyze Na and K at low levels quickly and with less of a chance for contamination. At OMM we have developed procedures using flame emission spectroscopy (FES) to analyze our aqueous developers for Na and K. Our Buck sodium analyzer is able to analyze aqueous developers substantially faster than GFAA with less chance of condemnation. We have improved on the Buck procedure using the TJA AA SCAN 1 FES which is able to analy Na and K in quick succession giving the appearance of simultaneous analysis, further speeding up the analysis. At OMM we have applied FES for the analysis of aqueous developers for very low detection limits and extremely shorter analysis times. In spite of the shortened analysis times our detection limits for developers is 200 ppt.


Software defined network has proposed a new architecture idea, but the controller is vulnerable to distributed denial of service attacks, resulting in a single point of failure. This paper proposes a DDoS attack detection algorithm based on improved grid search optimization SVM in SDN environment. Firstly, according to the characteristics of DDoS attacks and information of flow table items, the most relevant six-dimensional features are selected, then use the improved grid search algorithm to calculate the optimal penalty coefficient and kernel function parameters of SVM model, finally use SVM algorithm to detect DDoS attacks and improve the performance of intrusion detection algorithm. The experimental results in the same scene show that the improved SVM has higher detection rate and recall rate than the SVM algorithm.


The scalar field theory with Z(4) symmetry in three space-time dimensions is studied from the point of view of its nonlocal dual operators, which are the field-theoretical generalization of the corresponding disorder variables of statistical mechanics. The phase structure and spectrum of the theory are determined and the vacuum expectation values of the dual field are evaluated in each phase.


In this paper, we present a study on the polypropylene/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blends. In previous researches, the blends are fabricated at very high temperatures, at least 300oC, since the TLCPs investigated in most studies have melting temperatures higher than 270oC. As a consequence, the thermal degradation of PP can not be avoidable. In order to obtain high physical properties, the excess amount of TLCP must be added. In this study, a new type of TLCP was used in the PP/TLCP blends. Since the new TLCP has a melting point of 220oC, the blending can be performed at much lower temperature than the previous studios. The new PP/TLCP shows similar or somewhat higher physical properties than those of the previous studies. It is proved that the new TLCP can be used as a reinforcement material in PP based blends.


In last year's term, the Supreme Court considered the question of the scope of Chevron deference in City of Arlington v. FCC. This article presents that decision as an example of the work of an activist Court. The case should have been resolved by a straightforward determination under the analysis of United States v. Mead that Chevron deference did not apply to the FCC's legal determination. The Court ignored this restrained approach to the case and instead addressed the question the Justices desired to decide: the reach of Chevron deference. The article discusses and criticizes the approach of Justice Scalia writing for the majority and of Chief Justice Roberts writing for three dissenting Justices. The Court's decision has the potential to undercut significantly the impact of Mead because it holds that Chevron deference applies to the question of whether Congress had delegated law making power to the agency and it is unlikely that many statutes will clearly limit the delegation of law making power to an agency. City of Arlington may accordingly be read as establishing that a court must defer to an agency's decision that it has received delegated authority when the statute is ambiguous. Such an approach may be defensible if defined as a presumption of legislative intent. The approach, however, directly conflicts with Mead, if it is understood as a context for deference to the agency. The decision also undercuts Mead because application of the accepted, proper Mead analysis would have foreclosed the application of Chevron deference. Practitioners of administrative law can only be confused by the application of Chevron deference, given the informal administrative action being reviewed in City of Arlington and the fact that neither reviewing court actually applied each of the two parts of the Mead test. Because none of the decisions properly frames the Mead analysis, perhaps the likeliest effect of the Court's decision is that it will simply yield greater confusion about the proper standards for judicial review of agency legal determinations. Because the meaning of the decision is unclear, perhaps its impact will be limited. That lack of clarity is a consequence of the Court's activist agenda and its failure to be restrained in the application of previously decided rules.


In order to achieve optimal operational conditions, the integration of decision-making across different layers of a company and the consideration of uncertain parameters in view of dynamic market conditions are essential. In this study, we propose a framework for the integration of scheduling and control for nonlinear systems under process uncertainties. The framework includes the use of piecewise affine functions (PWA) to handle non-linearities, a robust model predictive control scheme and the use of surrogate models to derive the closed-loop input-output behavior of the dynamic system. We take a preventive approach in handling disturbances at control level. Through a case study, we evaluate the performance of the framework and evaluate the impacts of such disturbances in scheduling solutions.


Realizing designated position detection device capable of detecting a specified position in a simple and high accuracy. Based from the drive signal input section 13 to the pulse drive resonant current supplied to the Y-axis loop coils Y1, Y2 ...... YM, passing a tuned resonant current to the first Y-axis loop coils near the positioning position specified tool 5, the by flowing an induced resonant current to the first X-axis loop coils X1, X2 ...... XN the locating tool 5 is positioned on the basis of the tuned resonant current, position detection representing a coordinate position where the position specifying device 5 is positioned so as to obtain an output signal S6, thereby the specific positioning target coordinate position by a simple configuration using a resonant operation of each component, and the other coordinates it is possible to obtain the position detection signal that can be clearly distinguished.


Let D be a division ring and let V = D be a finite-dimensional D-vector space, viewed multiplicatively. If G = D * is the multiplicative group of D, then G acts on V and hence on any group algebra K[V]. Our goal is to completely describe the semiprime G-stable ideals of K[V]. As it turns out, this result follows fairly easily from the corresponding results for the field of rational numbers (due to Brookes and Evans) and for infinite locally-finite fields. Part I of this work is concerned with the latter situation, while Part II deals with arbitrary division rings.


This study measures the critical thinking and communication skills in nursing students. And the relationships among critical thinking and communication skills are investigated. The data was collected by questionnaires form 104 nursing students. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlations coefficient with the SPSS Win 15.0 program. Results show that Critical thinking and communication skills showed that there were differences according to GPA. Critical thinking and communication skill has positive correlation. This study suggests that nursing educators should build strategies to support students to have critical thinking and communication skill for nursing education.


Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract and phenolic compounds of a liverwort, Reboulia hemispherica was carried out by Agar well diffusion technique. The Gram positive bacteria were more sensitive than the Gram negative ones, while the fungal species were least sensitive. R. hemispherica extract exhibited best results against Staphylococcus aureus, although it was active against all tested microbes. The antimicrobial activity increased with the increase in the concentration of the extract except in Klebsiella sp. S. aureus, E. faecalis and Bacillus cereus were inhibited more by the crude methanol extract of R. hemispherica than the phenolic compounds isolated from the extract. A. niger was inhibited equally by the crude methanol extract as well as the phenolic compounds. B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, K. sp. and P. notatum were inhibited more by phenolic compounds than the crude methanol extract of R. hemispherica. Thus phenolic compounds of R. hemispherica should be studied further for use as antimicrobial agent.


In most experiments, small-size fiber reinforced polymer–confined concrete cylinders are used to study the axial compressive behavior. Based on the experimental results, many strength models and stress–strain relationships of confined concrete have been established. Whether the experiment-based strength models and stress–strain relationships can be directly applied to large-size circular concrete columns, however, is still an open issue. To clarify this issue, this article studies the influence of specimen sizes on the axial behavior of carbon fiber reinforced polymer confined concrete cylinders. Three types of concrete cylinders with diameters of 100, 200, and 300 mm, wrapped with one ply, two plies, and three plies of carbon fiber reinforced polymer, respectively, are cast and tested. The experimental results show that, under identical lateral confining stress, the compressive strength and axial stress–strain relationship are independent of the specimen size. Based on theoretical analysis and experimental data, an analysis-oriented stress–strain relationship and an analytical strength model are developed to predict the axial compressive behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer–confined concrete cylinders. The validity of the stress–strain relationship and strength model is verified with the experimental results and 16 existing models obtained from the literature.


Background: Various surgical approaches have been described for total hip arthroplasty with their own advantages and disadvantages. In the study it would like to know whether there is significant difference exists between the most widely used posterior and lateral approaches. Methods: Study was a randomized prospective study in 108 hips. Out of 108 hips 52 were operated by posterior approach and the remaining 56 by lateral approach. The choice of approach was determined by random numbers. In the study functional outcome was compared with the Harris hip score, rate of complications and the effect of approach on the placement of acetabular cup with relation to its inclination and version in arthroplasty of the hip. Results: Similar results in both approaches were found; there were no statistically significant difference in the outcome. Conclusions: To conclude, the approach did not significantly affect the outcome in total hip replacement with respect to functional outcome or rates of complication. And it neither influences the acetabular cup placement. Proper operative technique seems to be more important than the choice of approach in total hip replacement. Studies with a bigger sample size need to be done to further throw light on the role of approach on cup placement.


Consumers have been using widespread negative feedback to make firms change their online standard form contracts. In 2009, for example, backlash against an update to Facebook's terms of service caused the company to rewrite its entire agreement. Such consumer action challenges the view that sellers can take advantage of consumers' inattention to fine print by offering one-sided terms and suggests new directions for contract policy and regulation. This Note looks to the literature on seller reputation to predict what factors are relevant to firms' decisions to capitulate and evaluates the importance of each factor using case studies. It finds that the factors most predictive of when a firm will come under attack and capitulate are how large and old the firm is, whether the product or term is new or has recently changed, what type of term is involved, whether the term directly affects the firm's revenue, and the type of news source that raised the issue.


Evaluations of health interventions for Indigenous peoples rarely report outcomes that reflect participant and community perspectives of their experiences. Inclusion of such data may provide a fuller picture of the impact of health programmes and improve the usefulness of evaluation assessments.


Software reusability is the underlying technique for two types of development activities. First, implementation of a new system involves selection of building blocks from a "ware- house" of existing software fragments. Second, enhancing functionality of an existing system, such as increasing the throughput or expanding the scope, would merely involve adding software "plug-ins" similar to expanding a hardware system. The paper addresses the problem that fragments of procedural language programs do not lend themselves to a building block or plug-in approach. Fitting them together incurs loss of efficiency, as well as time consuming and costly manual labor. This paper describes a software reusability and prototyping approach based on retaining blocks of equa- tions instead of fragments of procedural programs, in the "warehouse". Each equation can be viewed as expressing a rule applied to the problem's variables. The language of algebraic and boolean equations is used to express the rules. It is general purpose and can be used to express the concept embedded in any program fragment. Equations may be in any arbitrary order. Each equation is a self-contained rule and produces no "side effects" as in procedural programs. Therefore, under- standing equations is much easier than understanding an equivalent program. It is proposed to use the MODEL system to automatically integrate the selected blocks of equations into a corresponding procedural program. The MODEL system can compile equa- tions into a program in Ada, C or PLJ1 languages. The gener- ated programs are efficient, and competitive with manually developed equivalent programs. In this way, the MODEL system solves the problem of fitting together blocks into an effective integral entity. The MODEL system generates 100% of the procedural code and there is no need for the user to make any additions or modifications to the code. The automatically generated program and test data serve as a prototype. The output may be examined and the functional- ity improved. The developer of a system would draw a block diagram, similar to those used in hardware systems, showing by boxes the respective equation blocks, and showing by connecting lines the variables that flow between the respective blocks. To construct a prototype or enhance its functionality, the block diagram is used to copy the blocks of equations in the boxes from the "warehouse". The blocks of equations, together with declarations of input and output, are then sub- mitted to the MODEL system to generate the desired proce- dure. The testing and any desired modifications are performed by modifying, adding or deleting the equations and then re- peating the generation of a new procedure that reflects the changes.


An interior permanent magnet synchronous motor experiences large harmonic iron loss in the stator teeth caused by the harmonic magnetomotive forces. In particular, the eddy current loss remarkably increases at high rotational speeds under the flux weakening control. In this paper, a novel suppression control method for the stator iron loss is proposed by utilizing the individual winding current control. Although the proposed method requires multi-phase winding and multiple full-bridge inverters, the individual winding current control can observe and regulate the flux density in each tooth. This paper reveals that the proposed control method can achieve the extensive reduction of the total iron loss.


J. Zheng, J. Zhu, Z. Wang, F. Fang, C. C. Pain, and J. Xiang State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Applied Modelling and Computation Group, Department of Earth Science and Engineering, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2BP, UK University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China


Radio interference from adjacent systems or users is an important limiting quantity for the transmission rate in wireless communications. Interference studies, however, often have the drawback that they are obtained from measurements in a particular environment. A more generally valid characterization for the interference power is highly desirable. In this paper, such an expression is analytically derived for a single link. The derivation is based on a simple, well-accepted pathloss law; furthermore, on a geometrically motivated transformation of the properties of the environment into expressions that depend only on the volume and surface of the domain in which transmitter and receiver are randomly located. This strategy yields a highly flexible and accurate approximation of the mean interference power as an analytical function of the key characteristics of wave propagation and the surroundings. The paper sheds also some light on the question why the stochastic radio channel is geometrically very robust. To the best knowledge of the author, this contribution is the first rigorous, non-empirical derivation of radio interference.


The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of research and the key aspects and implications of the relationships between Information and Digital Technologies (IDT) of Industry 4.0 and Lean Supply Chain Management (LSCM), with the identification of the lines of research developed and an analysis of the main findings. A Systematic Literature Review methodology has been used for the identification, selection, and evaluation of the published research. A set of 78 papers deduced from the most relevant scientific databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, and ABI/Inform, from 1996 to December 2019, has been analyzed and synthesized. The analysis and evaluation of these papers has enabled a new classification of the literature to be offered that identifies four lines of research based on the Life Cycle of Technology: obsolete IDT in LSCM; mature IDT in LSCM; emerging IDT in LSCM; and an Information Systems and IDT general approach in LSCM. The paper goes on to discuss the gaps found in the literature and proposes new opportunities and challenges for future research. A series of implications are presented intended to be useful from not only an academic point-of-view but also from a management focus, including recommendations for industrial managers and policymakers.


The aim of this paper is to present a methodology for a performance evaluation of a workflow net, a well-known subclass of Petri nets that specify the real time behavior of a business process, by considering first the case where the number of resources is limited which require the use of queueing systems theory and secondly the case where the number of resources is unlimited for which a method based on stochastic Petri nets theory is implemented. This type of estimation can assist designers of workflow in delivering efficient support to the business processes models.


In the genus Xanthomonas, specialists consider a significant number of species and varieties (pathovars) of phytopathogenic bacteria that infect many agricultural and ornamental plants (about 400 species), which leads to serious economic losses. For the timely detection of these pathogens, accurate diagnosis is necessary, allowing correct and prompt identification. Molecular genetic methods are able to identify populations of Xanthomonas strains with a fairly complete characterization of their hereditary material. The proposed method of genotyping — double digest and selective label (DDSL) — is based on the use of two restriction endonucleases for the separation of bacterial genomic DNA. The DNA polymerase (Taq) present in the reaction mixture along with biotinylated deoxycytosine triphosphate (Bio–dCTP) allows for the visualization of DNA fragments. The tag only labels DNA fragments that have 3'-recessed ends formed by the first enzyme (BcuI). The second restriction endonuclease (Eco147I) produces blunt ends that are unable to incorporate the label. As a result, in the DDSL reaction, 20–50 clearly distinguishable DNA fragments are visualized on the filter. The number and distribution of fragments are characteristic for each bacterial strain of the genus Xanthomonas. Genotyping these microorganisms makes it possible to identify the specific profile of each strain, i.e., assign it a sort of "bar code" for individual specification. The strains of bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas, obtained from different species (tomato, radish, sorghum) are genetically separated from each other, showing a specific pattern in terms of the distribution of DNA fragments, despite the common geographical origin. A comparatively rare case of the identity of strains, despite their geographical and temporal unrelatedness and different cultures, has been recorded.