Abstract The double-collared sunbirds of the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania and southeastern Kenya are characterized by regional variation in morphology and plumage. That variation has resulted in considerable dispute over their taxonomic status and delineation of range boundaries. It has been suggested that Moreau's Sunbird (Nectarinia Moreaui) is an atypical phenotype that has arisen from a hybridization event between the more widely distributed Eastern Double-collared Sunbird (N. mediocris) and the narrowly distributed Loveridge's Sunbird (N. loveridgei). A discriminant analysis of six standard morphological characters indicates that Moreau's Sunbird is intermediate in shape and size between the Eastern Double-collared and Loveridge's sunbirds. There is greater overlap between female Moreau's and Eastern Double-collared sunbirds than between males; Loveridge's Sunbird shows little overlap with the other taxa. Discrete plumage characters separate all three taxa. Molecular analyses of 728 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA (NADH3 and control region) suggest that Moreau's Sunbird is a valid taxon and the sister species to Loveridge's Sunbird. Eastern Double-collared Sunbird haplotypes can be divided into three distinct clades, separated from each other by substantial genetic divergence (approximately 8–10% sequence divergence). We propose species status for each of those clades and suggest the following three taxa: N. mediocris Shelley 1855, N. usambarica Gröte 1922, and N. fuelleborni Reichenow 1899. Finally, we propose a biogeographical hypothesis of speciation events within the N. mediocris species complex.


The food and water challenges to be faced in the Mediterranean Basin, particularly those on the southern and eastern shores, are daunting. They form a complex nexus of problems and require policies pursuing several important potentially conflicting goals at the same time: reducing or limiting food import dependency through increased agricultural production in environmentally sustainable ways while protecting the natural resource base and keeping food affordable for poorer populations. The worrisome trends affecting countries on the southern and eastern shores of the common sea can also have seriously negative consequences in the North which explains why the North-South collaboration has a long tradition in the region. But, as the case of water management institutions shows, ineffective advocacy for trade liberalization has led to conflicts and tensions on various issues and has distracted attention from potentially much more fruitful areas of collaboration.


To distinguish concealed septal accessory pathway and atrioventricular node reentrant tachcardia(AVRT,AVNRT),the ventricular extrastimulus was used in 37 patients with slow fast AVNRT and 20 patients with concealed septal accessory pathway during tachycardia His bundle refractory.Results: A late ventricular extra stimulus during tachycardia could advance the time of atrial activation over 20 ms at the time when His bundle was refractory in 20 AVRT with concealed septal accessory pathway, terminated the tachycardia in 9 patients; but could not advance the time of atrial activation in 37 patients with AVNRT. The way distinguished and diagnosed AVRT using concealed septal fast pathway from slow fast AVNRT, the sensitivity and specificity were 100%.Conclusion: Ventricular extra stimulus given during tachycardia His bundle refractory is simple and could be used wide spread in clinical, with high sensitivity and specificity . It is difficult to be used effectively if tachycardia could not be induced, not sustained, rhythm irregular,and His bundle mapping not clear. It had better that ventricular extra stimulus is at the same time with His bundle mapping. Do repeat the way several times would be helpful in diagnosis.


A heat pump system using river water as a heat source operated in a single-stage cycle for the cooling and two-stage cycle for the heating to optimize system performance. The use of the two-stage compression cycle in the heating mode can improve system performance and reliability because the temperature difference between the heat source and the hot water temperature supplied for the heating is relatively large. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of refrigerant charge on the performance of the two-stage heat pump. The experiments were carried out by varying refrigerant charge in both the cooling and heating modes. The performance of the two-stage heat pump was 23% higher than that of the conventional refrigeration system that used atmospheric air as the heat source.


ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to estimate the optimal forest harvest considering economic and environmental objectives in an uneven-aged forest in the north of Iran. Required data were collected such as stumpage price, harvesting variable costs, growth, volume, basal area, sequestrated carbon, carbon dioxide storage, and price. The required input models for optimization were estimated using the collected data. A stochastic dynamic programming technique was used for optimization. The results indicated that the harvesting volume was higher when only the economic objective was considered instead of considering economic and environmental objectives. The results also indicated that the harvesting volume would occur at a higher level of volume per hectare if we only consider the environmental objective. The results showed that the expected present value was higher when economic and environmental objectives were considered simultaneously. The results indicated when interest rate increased, the harvesting time and the expected present value decreased. The results showed that the expected present value increases with increasing the risk. The results of this study can be a guideline for optimal forest management.


Aiming at increasing power need of pulsed load for ship integrated power systems, a technology of energy storage is proposed. This paper compares several methods of power supply for pulsed loads of present AC power systems and compares the performance of several storage technologies. At last, it proposes the application of ultra-capacitor energy storage.


We discuss some main rules for deriving power semiconductor device modular models. The method is based on the classical regional hypothesis that parts any power semiconductor device in basic semiconductor regions as: the neutral ohmic region, the gradient-doping neutral region, the high-level injection region, the space-charge region and the field-effect region. But specific rules have to be observed in the model definition in order to obtain reusable models. Then a power semiconductor device model becomes a simple association of several of the basic semiconductor region models: a bond graph. The space charge region model description is covered. Significant results are presented.<<ETX>>


This proposal intents to focus on whether or no there are differences in the therapeutic approach during the treatment for depression when there is a dual diagnosis, where antisocial personality disorder (APD) is present. It will also focus on whether the presence of the APD will affect the symptomatology of the depression, as well as the tools that are being used and their usefulness in therapy. Through the analysis of 4 different cases of this dual diagnosis, as well as the understanding of the treatment, we intent to identify the differences that exist during treatment.


The preventive maintenance respiratory of infections at children of early age at the present stage includes influence on the local factors of protection of an entrance gate of an infection. 48 children with acute respiratory infections, 27 with meningococcy by an infection and 24 with whooping-cough in the age of about 15 months inclusive in the sharp period of disease and period recovery are investigated. The control group was made with 38 children of the same age. The bacteriological and microscopic methods of research find out changes in infections mucous pharynx, connected mainly with growth candid microbiology. The greatest quantitative parameters of growth candid in tens time are revealed at acute respiratory infections, whereas at meningococcy of an infection under condition of massive antibiotic of therapy the growth candid of crates was moderate. Whooping-cough is accompanied on a background significant destruct of processes in mucous pharynx by insignificant growth candid microbiology.


In Part I the question of the measurement of high potential difference in terms of the absolute electromagnetic unit is considered, more especially with reference to the calibration of electrostatic voltmeters. After describing Lord Kelvin's method of multiplying a comparatively small known potential difference by means of a series of condensers, a full account is given of the method adopted by Professor Ayrton and Mr. T. Mather for the calibration of their electrostatic voltmeters.


This study is focused on the investigation of the effect of using comic strips on students achievement in writing narrative text. This study aims at findings whether using comic strips affect the students writing achievement or not. The data which were needed in this study were obtained by conducting a written test. The population was the 2014/2015 second year students (grade XI) of SMA N 1 Berastagi and 60 students were taken as the sample by using random sampling. The sample was divided into two groups, experimental group and control group. The experimental group was taught by using comic strips while the control group was taught without using comic strips (conventional method). The data were taken by administering the pre-test and post-test to both control and experimental groups. These data were analyzed by using t-test. The result of computing the t-test obviously showed that t-observed is higher than t-table (3,08 > 1,67) with the degree of freedom 58 (df = N-2) at the level significance 0,05 one tail test. It showed that the using of science comic strips affects the students achievement in writing narrative text.


The structural vector auto regression model was used to test the effects of Chinese monetary policy the economy under the open economy conditions.It is found that the inflation rate,interest rate and exchange rate is sensitive to the output shocks and interest rate is sensitive e to the exchange rate shock.It is concluded that the foreign monetary policy influences our monetary policy through the channel of exchange rate.


Although economic and political integration has been a fundamental force in postwar Europe, it remains a source of confusion and controversy. For example, as Gillingham notes in his introduction to this ambitious and impressive study, integration most frequently describes an essentially political or economic phenomenon, depending on the academic background of the investigator. However, for Gillingham, a historian with a strong commitment to interdisciplinary inquiry, a breakthrough in understanding integration requires a fresh combination of tools from both disciplines. Speciacally, his research agenda joins the neoliberal institutionalist perspective of political science, which focuses on interstate relations and the development of global regulatory mechanisms, with the classical liberalism of Friedrich Hayek and his descendants and their framework of free markets interacting with institutions and creating "spontaneous order" in free societies. Gillingham's original and provocative thesis is that "negative" European integration, based on markets and self-generating coordination, has succeeded. Conversely, positive integration, based on the action of central institutions in Brussels, did not, and cannot, work as long as there is no common democratic foundation—no sense of European nationhood. Blessed with an energetic style and a prodigious appetite for research, Gillingham presents a wide-ranging four-stage reinterpretation of European integration, held together by his thesis and methodology. Thus, in the early years, the all-important customs union of 1956 owed an enormous debt to Hayekian liberalism and postwar West Germany's embrace of competitive markets; Monnet and like-minded federalists are demoted from visionary founding fathers to welfare-state planners responsible for the subsequent deadlock of 1966.1 The second stage, marked by the twenty-year failure of positive integration through bureaucratic regulation and the collapse of the Bretton Woods system, also brought "regime change" in the late 1970s. Deaned as a fundamental shift in values and methods and part of neoliberal globalization, regime change was personiaed by Margaret Thatcher and the Single European Act (sea) of 1986 that she championed. "A quantum leap forward," sea restarted negative integration 634 | JOHN P. MCKAY


Prayer request journals are often placed in hospital chapels for patients, visitors and staff to write their needs and concerns. The author uses examples from these journals to show how these personal expressions resemble the lament of the psalmist. She draws on Dorothee Soelle's understanding of the importance of language in dealing with suffering and illustrates how the prayer journals provide a vehicle of uttering despair and pain, and hope and gratitude.


In this paper, we shall first discuss some of the methods that have been developed for the performance of molecular orbital calculations, and then we shall turn to the question of whether molecular properties, as calculated by these methods, can give us any insight into the mechanisms of biological energy transduction. Let us begin by reviewing briefly the development of molecular orbital theory. In the quantum theory of molecular structure, one begins with the BornOppenheimer approximation, which is an approximate separation of the nuclear and electronic equations of motion. In the Born-Oppenheimer approximation,' one assumes that the nuclei have fixed positions, and attempts to solve the many-electron Schrodinger equation for the electrons. In this way one obtains a total molecular energy for each set of nuclear positions. This energy, plotted as a function of nuclear positions, forms an effective potential which determines the vibrational modes of the nuclei. If the total energy is calculated for nuclear positions along the reaction pathway, the activation energy and rate constant for a reaction can also be estimated in this way. The problem of determining the wave functions and energies of the electrons for fixed values of the nuclear positions is usually approached by means of the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) molecular orbital method. In this method, one tries to hnd approximate solutions of the many-electron Schrodinger wave equation. These many-electron solutions are expressed in terms of one-electron solutions called orbitals (in the case of atoms, atomic orbitals; in the case of molecules, molecular orbitals). One begins by obtaining the atomic orbitals for the isolated atoms of which a molecule is composed (FIGURE 1 ), and then uses these as building blocks to synthesize the molecular orbitals (FIGURE 2) . This method is closely analogous to the Fourier series representation of a function in terms of sine functions. If we let the symbol x0 represent atomic orbital a, and if we let +/: represent molecular orbital k, then we can write the series representation of h,, in the form:


We study the aggregation of spatial remote sensing data (slope, aspect, soil depth and rock permeability) to assess the risk of desertification of a burned forest by an expert system. Belief functions which are assigned to data classes are propagated through expert rules. Uncertainty in data because of subsampling error and uncertainty in rules are considered during the processes. Experiments show the effectiveness of taking into consideration the uncertainty in data and rules.


Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the ameliorative effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Nigella sativa (HANS) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats. Methods: Twenty five (25) albino rats, with average weight (105±5g), were randomly grouped into five groups: AE, of five (5) rats per group. Group A rats served as normal control, Group B (Negative Control) received intraperitoneal administration of carbon tetrachloride CCl4 (0.4ml/kg, i.p.) only, Group C received CCl4 and low dose HANS (400mg/kg, oral), Group D received CCl4 and high dose HANS (800mg/kg, oral), and Group E (Positive control), received CCl4 and Vitamin C (200mg/kg, oral), for 3 days. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by measuring serum levels of total bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) using standard methods. Histopathological analysis of the liver was also carried out. Results: The extracts significantly stablized biochemical markers of hepatic injury, and preserved the histoarchitecture of the liver tissues against CCl4 damage. The protective effect was not dose-dependent, as low dose HANS (400mg/kg), showed better protection than the high dose HANS (800mg/kg). Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extracts of Nigella sativa has antihepatotoxic effects.


Substantial progress has been made in building and simulating qualitative models . However, the result s of qualitative simulation may be difficult to under stand and programs for explaining them have been fe w and have had a number of limitations . This paper describes a system, Expound, which provides causal natural language explanations of events in provabl y "faithful" abstractions of behaviors produced by qualitative simulation . Unlike previous explanation systems, Expound explains events rather than individua l states, producing richer and more comprehensive explanations . It also does not require numeric simulation, handles behavior branching, and explains change s other than changes in active processes or in the model . The main steps in building explanations and basic data structures produced are discussed .


Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) has never shied away from integrating aid efforts with criticisms of authorities involved in war related human tragedies. It was thrown out of Ethiopia in 1985 for whistleblowing on the misuse of aid and more recently in Rwanda for savaging the government on the state of the prisons. Last year, it asked its donors to stop sending money for the victims of the Indian Ocean tsunami, as it claimed to have collected the necessary funds to manage the situation effectively.

MSF is a maverick among the aid agencies around the world, operating well away from the media glare to deliver medical aid in war torn areas and regions plagued by natural disasters. With an annual budget of $400m (£230m; 330m), MSF operates in more than 70 countries, providing medical care in acute crises and raising international awareness of potential humanitarian disasters.

In a four part series, television cameras follow MSF's medical staff for the first time, in Haiti, Sudan, Honduras, and Somalia, to provide a direct account of their extraordinary service to humanity.

The programme, narrated by Scottish singer Annie Lennox, …


The aim of this study is to consider the symbol of deformity of body as found in Oh, Jeong-Hee's novel. Sterile is major motif in her novel. Sterile motif is classified as follows. First case, a woman can't become pregnant because don't have the womb a possibility pregnant. That woman appeared "A Woman Weaver". Desire of woman which can't make baby is a surplus valueless. A heroine feel pain that. Second case, a woman rejection duty of womb on "A Burnt Offering". A narrator commit feticide habit-forming on account of inseparable between her self and mother. The reason is unavoidable pre-oedipus stage. Third case, homosexuality or lesbianism and an old man is incapable reproduction on "Woman of Toy Store", "Runner", "Sanjo", "Lonesome", "Relation", They are incapable reproduction fundamentally. We perceive a importance of motherhood and the value of life. Finally, through this become known clearly the symbol of sterile motif as found in Oh, Jeong-Hee's novel.


Beam breakup (BBU) effects resulting from parasitic wakefields provide a potentially serious limitation to the performance of dielectric structure based wakefield accelerators. We report on planned experimental and numerical investigation of BBU and its mitigation. The experimental program focuses on BBU measurements in a number of high gradient and high transformer ratio wakefield devices. New pickup-based beam diagnostics will provide methods for studying parasitic wakefields that are currently unavailable at the AWA facility. The numerical part of this research is based on a particleGreen's function beam breakup code we are developing that allows rapid, efficient simulation of beam breakup effects in advanced linear accelerators. The goal of this work is to be able to compare the results of detailed experimental measurements with the accurate numerical results and to design an external FODO channel for the control of the beam in the presence of strong transverse


Many factors combine to make drilling and completing a well in Mobile Bay, offshore Alabama, a difficult engineering task. Of particular concern to operators and service companies alike are hostile environmental conditions: high temperatures (375 - 450 degrees F), extreme depths (21,000 - 25,000 ft), massive translayeral salt movements, critical casing designs, critical mud and cement programmes and the possibility of encountering carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulphide. Wells drilled to the Norphlet formation have proved to be particularly challenging with respect to cementing operations. An examination of cementing considerations for a typical Mobile Bay completion, with particular emphasis on the development of cement designs for long deep liner conditions, provides insight into the current state-of-the-art in cementing technology, from design to job execution. Computer-aided cement job design and recently developed cementing materials have been successfully employed to achieve an effective cementing programme for the difficult conditions found in Mobile Bay.


According to the requirement of the scheme of Dongjiang River water resources allocation,and considering the fact that there are many cascade hydropower stations in Dongjiang River,by using one dimension hydrodynamic model and one dimension convection diffusion model of water quality to build a Dongjiang River water quality control model,the distribution of pollutant concentration near the cascade hydropower stations has been simulated under the current regulation of the three big reservoirs with,and without the cascade hydropower stations,thus suggestions have been given that all the cascade stations should follow the regulation rule that discharging the water amount that comes as well as the water resources monitoring system should focus on monitoring the water level before the dam under the current situation.


Objective To study the infected risk factors and drug resistance of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(MDR AB).Methods By a case-control study,the data of cases infected by MDR AB from Jan.2009 to Mar 2011 were analyzed in SICU of the First Hospital affiliated to Soochow University.The cases infected by common Acinetobacter baumannii were selected randomly at the same time as control.Univariate analysis(t test and chi-square test) and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistics analysis.The drug resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii isolated was analyzed in these cases.Results Univariate analysis revealed that seven factors associated with the infection caused by MDR AB were APACHE Ⅱscore,SOFA score,tracheal intubation or tracheotomy,therapy with third generation cephalosporin and carbapenem antibiotics,the duration of antibiotics use 7 days,glucocorticoids use 7 days.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified four independent factors as the therapy with third generation cephalosporin(OR=2.379,95%CI=1.098-5.155),APACHE Ⅱscore(OR=1.332,95%CI=1.123-1.581),SOFA score(OR=0.706,95%CI=0.530-0.941) and tracheal intubation or tracheotomy(OR=2.636,95%CI=1.118-6.216).Of all the common antibiotics,the resistance was more than 50%,but the resistance of imipenem was the lowest(12.2%).Conclusion Therapy with third generation cephalosporin,high APACHE Ⅱscore,high SOFA score and tracheal intubation or tracheotomy were independent risk factors for MDR AB infection.The effect of imipenem coupled with ampicillin/ sulbactam aids in the goal of controlling of multi-drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections.


Objective To analyze clinical features of Staphylococcus aureus septicemia.Methods The clinical features and laboratory data of 55 cases with Staphylococcus aureus septicemia were retrospectively analyzed.Results Of 55 patients,24 and 31cases were nosocomial infections(43.6%) and community acquired infections(56.4%),respectively.There were no difference in clinical symptoms,signs and laboratory findings between nosocomial infections and community acquired infections.The patients with metastatic foci were 65.5%,including 41.8% with more than two organs damaged.Most of the nosocomial infectious patients were the old with severe underlying diseases and variety of vulnerable factors,which mainly distributed in ICU(37.4%).The mortality rate of the nosocomial infection was 29.2%.Community infected patients were mostly young adults(80.6%),which mainly distributed in Department of Infection(48.4%).The mortality rate of was community infected patients 3.2%.The rates of resistant to penicillin of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital and community were 100% and 96.8%,respectively.The rate of resistant to oxacillin of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospital(75.0%) was significantly higher than that in community ones(32.3%).All the pathogens were sensitive to vancomycin,except a strain from nosocomial infection.Conclusion Clinical features of Staphylococcus aureus septicemia were severity,which often coexisted with multiple organs damaged.The rate of resistant to antimicrobial agents of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from both hospital and community acquired was increased.


Ir- and Rh-base refractory superalloys wit h an fcc and L1{sub 2} two phase structure similar to Ni-base superalloys, yet with considerably higher melting temperatures have been proposed. Fcc and L1{sub 2} two phases were observed in these alloys by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffractometry. The compression tests of these alloys showed that the strengths of several alloys were about 200 MPa at 1,800 C and these alloys have potential to become ultra-high temperature materials for use in power engineering field.


The quenching properties of a series of oligodeoxyribosides bearing fluorophore 'bases' is described. Sequences of adjacent, π-stacked pyrenes exhibit stronger electronic interactions visible in both absorbance and emission spectra than pyrenes that are insulated by intervening adenines. Quenching by N, N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride is efficient for excimer-and exciplex-forming oligomers, with Stern-Volmer constants comparable to conjugated polymer "superquenching" schemes.


In an earlier article published in The Digging Stick (Jerardino 2010), I presented the first observations from a site known as Baboon Point Terrace (BPT) in Elands Bay. This is a north facing, 35 m long and nearly 6 m wide flat rock floor stepping up to a similarly long overhang abutting the Baboon Point cliff face (see photo on right). The rocky surface under the overhang is likely to have been the living area, from where food remains were tossed to the lower floor (lower photo on right). Currently, low bushes and succulent plants cover some of the edges and middle areas of the terrace. Excellent views of the surrounding landscape are afforded from the small overhang (BPT1) situated to the west of the main terrace, such as Mussel Point and sandy beaches to the south, the bay reefs and more sandy beaches to the north.


Objective To study the effect of the Chinese traditional medicine Huoxuemingmutang on microcirculation of bulbar conjunctiva in New Zealand rabbits with experimental intraocular hypertenˉsion.Methodsα_chymotrypsin was injected into the anterior chamber of rabbits eyes to induce experimental intraocular hypertension.32rabbits were divided into two groups:the therapeutic group administered with Huoxuemingmutang and the control group given N.S.At different time,the conjunctive microcirculation was measured.Results The disorders of the conjunctive microcirculation in the therapeutic group were improved reˉmarkably after ten days'treatment,the differences between two groups were significent(P0.01).Conclusions Huoxuemingmutang can prevent the trabecular meshwork in rabbits with experimental intraocular hypertension from degenerating,necrosing and proliferating effectively by improving the systemic or ocular microcirculation.


The book collects the Papers (from Europe, Asia and Latin America) presented at the Workshop organized by the ICOMOS International Committee in Historic Towns and Villages (CIVVIH) and by ICOMOS Italy in Palazzo Coppini (branch of Fondazione Romualdo del Bianco) in Florence (March 3-4, 2016) and focus on the comparison of different propositions of digital urban signage to realize a good quality of the "visit experience" in the historical towns, not only as urban marketing, but of a authenticity genuine culture. The urban culture founded on the identity and authenticity of every historical towns and their multilayered history must be the objective of an tourism of culture for the inhabitants and the visitors. The book focused its interest on the outstanding existing urban assets in Europe, Asia and Latin America, and heritage not sufficiently promoted.


I. INTRODUCTION The United States Commission on Ocean Policy ("USCOP") made several important recommendations pertaining to ecosystem-based ocean governance. (1) The first is the establishment of a national ocean policy framework. (2) This framework would include national coordination among federal agencies, harmonized management of offshore ocean uses, strengthened and streamlined federal agencies, and the voluntary formation of regional ocean councils. Coordination and leadership at the federal level would be provided by a National Ocean Council (cabinet secretaries and federal agency directors) and a Presidential Council of Advisors on Ocean Policy within the Executive Office of the President. The second recommendation is to encourage the formation of voluntary regional ocean councils. (3) The regional ocean councils would have broader jurisdictional boundaries than traditional resource agencies and their functions would include the coordination of state, territorial, tribal, and local governments, the collection and synthesis of regional ocean information, and the performance of ecosystem assessments. To support these new national and regional governance structures, the USCOP recommended that Congress, working with the national and regional ocean councils, develop new laws, policies, and institutions for ecosystem-based management. It recommends the strengthening of international fishery agreements and of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association's ("NOAA") role as the lead ocean agency through consolidation of ocean and coastal programs and the implementation of interagency ecosystem-based management approaches. (4) The USCOP further recommends that ecosystem-scale management be implemented to promote innovation, learning, and adaptation. (5) It also stresses the importance of realizing the full economic potential of the ocean's resources and of considering people as part of the ecosystem. (6) In making these recommendations, the USCOP clearly recognized that many of the problems facing ocean resources are institutional in their cause and are compounded by problems of the mismatch between private incentives and social goals. As the USCOP's recommendations for new ocean governance structures are carried forward to implementation, they will involve the construction of new or expanded organizations. To ensure that new structures are as effective as possible, Congress must be mindful of a fundamental institutional design principle: There are a number of incentive problems that beset complex organizations, and these can increase transaction costs and limit performance effectiveness. Anticipating these problems at the design stage can help in the construction of new governance structures that minimize or avoid them. II. INSTITUTIONAL INCENTIVE PROBLEMS A number of important incentive problems limit resource manager effectiveness by complicating long-term views and adding to uncertainties. (7) Unless specifically anticipated and avoided at the design stage, these incentive problems will continue to be amplified in the new regional and national ocean governance structures. Literature on organizational economics offers insight into a number of important incentive problems afflicting organizations. A. Power Ambiguity Uncertainty about power distribution leads to power struggles and to the questioning and undermining of authorities. (8) Power ambiguity is a problem that has troubled the United States fishery management system as implemented under the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act. Although the relative roles and responsibilities at different levels of management hierarchy are detailed in law and implementing regulations, confusion among management participants concerning the hierarchy of management--who has the authority to make which decisions, and when--is common. (9) Authority is accordingly challenged, and power struggles between entities persist. …


Most recent ethnographic studies of Kurdish populations have, out of necessity, focused on the dynamics of Kurdish diasporic identities in Turkey, Germany, Sweden, Georgia, and other countries outside of the region known as Kurdistan (Mingle 2003; Saatci 2002; Houston 2001; Lyon 2001). This region, which stretches over a vast area from western Iran to eastern Iraq, dipping into the northern tip of Syria and across southeast Turkey, is not an internationally recognized territory and is home to about 24-27 million Kurds, although reliable census data is difficult to find. Recent American military campaigns in Iraq and the regional repercussions of those campaigns have made a once-difficult area in which to conduct research almost impossible to penetrate. Research involving Kurdish populations is particularly difficult to pursue given the contentious status of Kurdish groups in all four of these countries. Christiane Bird, with considerable effort, managed to conduct research in the region for five months in 2002, less than a year before the war in Iraq. She entered Kurdistan through Syria and traveled directly to Iraq, where she spent three months, and returned to Iran and Turkey for two months on a second trip. The plight of Kurdish minorities in these four countries was overlooked for years and only recently has begun to receive attention in the United States as information about Saddam


A time-development operator technique is used to describe the intense-field excitation of three-level atomic systems by laser pulses of arbitrary shape. The pulses are divided into small elements f...


This paper describes a new species of the resurrected genus Cryptozetes based on ali instars, and discusses its systematic relationships. Ecological notes are given for this species, as weil as Belba clavasensilla, Camasia cf. horrida, Mycobates sp., Scapheremaeus sp., and Trichoribates ocotlicus, ali associated with epiphytie mosses and lichens of Popocatepetl, Mexico.


Functional assessment of SAMD9/SAMD9L proteins in cell cycle progression Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are one of the most neoplasms resulting in defective generation of blood cells. Chromosomal abnormalities are common in MDS, with deletions of chromosome 5 being the most common aberration adult patients while deletions of chromosome 7 are most common in childhood MDS. MDS with loss of chromosome 7 has a poor clinical prognosis, with frequent progression to acute leukemia. SAMD9 and SAMD9L are two evolutionary conserved, very similar genes located on human chromosome 7. The proteins encoded by these two genes are classified as tumor suppressors, since they can block cell proliferation. Mutations in SAMD9 and SAMD9L are associated with inherited forms of MDS with deletions of chromosome 7. In this project, we aim to find out the mechanism behind the growth inhibitory effect of SAMD9 and SAMD9L proteins through functional assays performed in the test tube. Different SAMD9L variants proteins, some associated with genetic disease, were expressed in different cell lines. Regulation of cell cycle an overall protein synthesis was quantified using different cellular approaches. Forced expression of wild type SAMD9L were found to exhibit a moderate inhibition on DNA as well as protein synthesis, while disease-associated mutants completely blocked cell proliferation. A core part of the protein mediating anti-proliferative activity was identified. We also deduced that the anti-proliferative activity was independent of a common pathway for restricting cell cycle entry, but rather relied on effective inhibition of protein synthesis. Our results provide new molecular insights to how SAMD9 and SAMD9L act to restrict cell proliferation. These insights partly explain how these proteins may act in controlling virus infections. They could also help us understand the pathogenesis of monosomy 7 towards MDS and provide possible therapies. Master's Degree Project in Molecular Biology 60 credits 2019 Department of Biology, Lund University Advisor: Yenan Bryceson Advisors Unit/Department: Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet. (Less)


To understand the clinical and hemodynamic response of patients with stenotic versus regurgitant prosthetic mitral valve degeneration to transseptal transcatheter mitral valve‐in‐ring/‐valve replacement (TMVR).


Tumor antigens are mainly low-avidity antigens to T cells and unable to elicit effective anti-tumor immunity. Little knowledge on how low-avidity antigens elicit T cell response in vivo further hinders designing strategies to improve anti-tumor immune response. Using a unique mouse tumor model, we found that neither native tumor antigen nor majority of altered peptide ligands (APLs) derived from tumor antigen but only intermediate avidity APL was able to elicit robust cross-reactive tumor-specific CD8 T cell response. Central tolerance shifted T cell repertoire to allow host T cells only respond to low avidity APLs and spare the lower cross-reactivity to self antigens (tumor antigens). In addition, the functional avidity of cross-reactive tumor-specific CD8 T cells was over 1000 times less than that of pathogen-type antigen-specific CD8 T cells. These results indicate that the extremely low functional avidity and low cross-reactivity to native tumor antigen are two key reasons why APLs are ineffective for eliciting cytotoxic activity of CD8 T cells to kill tumor cells. Our further studies revealed that two distinct mechanisms control the functionality and responsiveness of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. This study also discovered a novel immunization strategy to enhance the functionality and responsiveness of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. Altogether, our study will shed light on strategies to enhance the efficacy of both immunotherapy and vaccination against cancers.


The last twenty years have witnessed the emergence of "alternative food networks" (or simply AFN), which arise worldwide in opposition to mainstream production, distribution and consumption. Italy is certainly one of the countries where this phenomenon has expanded significantly in the past decade. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the case of Campagna Amica, one of the most important experiences of afn in Europe that has been promoted by Coldiretti, the leading Italian leading agrarian organization. However, this initiative contains a number of contradictions that contrast with the "alternative nature" of this experience.


The band-gap shift of GaN:Mg epilayers on (0001)-oriented sapphire was studied as a function of uniaxial strain compression along the c-axis using time-resolved, optical absorption measurements in shock wave experiments. For longitudinal stresses ranging from 4 to 14 GPa, the band gap shift is approximately 0.026 eV/GPa. Combining this result with the known behavior of wurtzite GaN under hydrostatic pressure and biaxial stress, a new set of deformation potentials has been estimated: acz-D1 = -10.2 eV, act-D2 = -7.9 eV, D3 = 1.33 eV and D4 = -0.74 eV. A slow band gap shift is also observed following the immediate band gap increase upon impact. This phenomenon can be explained by a time-dependent screening of the piezoelectric field. INTRODUCTION In recent years, much attention has been devoted to the study of the properties of GaN-based III-V semiconductors. The effect of strain on the optical properties of wurtzite GaN thin films and quantum-well structures is of great interest. Strain is always present in such heterostructures due to the large differences in lattice parameters and expansion coefficients between the substrate and III-nitride epilayers. In addition to its role in band-gap engineering, strain influences the electrical and optical properties of the devices through the piezoelectric effect (1- 3). The values of the deformation potentials for wurtzite GaN are important for device modeling. However, the values found in the literature are scattered over a relatively large range (4-7). In this study, we present band-gap measurements of GaN:Mg under uniaxial strain compression along the c-axis using time-resolved, optical absorption spectroscopy in shock-wave experiments. This unique method enables us to obtain the hydrostatic deformation potential along the c-axis (acz-D1) directly. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS The samples used in this work were thin (4 µm), semi-insulating, Mg-doped GaN epilayers on c-cut sapphire substrates (420 µm) grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Shock waves were generated by the impact of an optically transparent sapphire impactor onto the sample. The impactor was mounted on a projectile that was accelerated by a light gas gun. The GaN:Mg sample was backed by a sapphire buffer window. The transmitted light was collected by a UV-transparent lens and focused into an optical fiber. This light was spectrally dispersed by a spectrometer (ARC SpectraPro 150, 600 grooves/mm grating blazed at 300 nm), temporally dispersed by an electronic streak camera (Imacon 500) and digitally recorded on a charge- coupled device (CCD) detector as a series of transmission spectra, each separated in time by 20


We present the properties of an intracluster medium (ICM) in the cool core of the massive cluster of galaxies, Abell 1835, obtained with the data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory. We find distinctive spiral patterns with a radius of 70 kpc (or 18″) as a whole in the residual image of the X-ray surface brightness after the two-dimensional ellipse model of surface brightness is subtracted. The size is smaller by a factor of 2–4 than that of other clusters that are known to have a similar pattern. The spiral patterns consist of two arms. One of them appears as positive, and the other appears as negative excesses in the residual image. Their X-ray spectra show that the ICM temperatures in the positive- and negative-excess regions are keV and keV, respectively. In contrast, no significant difference is found in the abundance or pressure, the latter of which suggests that the ICM in the two regions of the spiral patterns is near or is in pressure equilibrium. The spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of the central region ( ), divided into 92 sub-regions indicates that Abell 1835 is a typical cool core cluster. We also find that the spiral patterns extend from the cool core out to the hotter surrounding ICM. The residual image reveals some lumpy substructures in the cool core. The line of sight component of the disturbance velocity that is responsible for the substructures is estimated to be lower than 600 km s−1. Abell 1835 may now be experiencing an off-axis minor merger.


The invention relates to an internal combustion engine and a dry sump lubrication system comprising a pressure pump (11) for supplying pressurized lubricating fluid to a lubrication circuit of the engine high pressure, from a tank ( 30) of lubricating fluid, and a drying pump (12) for sucking the lubricating liquid fallen into the sump (40) of the engine, called oil pan, and discharging it into said reservoir.Selon the invention, the pressure pump and sump pump have a common axis of rotation.


Budget and staff cuts are compelling the World Health Organization (WHO) to narrow its focus, a move that many observers of the organization say is long overdue.

The global experts also say that the WHO needs to essentially redefine and reposition itself within the increasingly complex and


The purpose of this paper is to investigate how discrete event simulation can support the growing need of information in the production system. Agility, one key to future competition, is the ability to quickly manage and compensate for disturbances and uncertainty. It is achieved by combining flexible production technologies with a flexible and motivated workforce. To quickly respond to the demands from customers and compensate for internal disturbances, it is necessary to have information which supports decentralized decision making in target oriented teams. Discrete event simulation is a tool that can be used to generate customized information for decision support. The results from a case study at ABB Industrial Systems in Vasteras, Sweden, show the possibility of using simulation and real time forecasting for operational support in target oriented teams.


Jurassic marls from Abadia, Portugal, were used in the construction of some motorway embankments. Large fragments of this evolving material remained after the construction process, and their degrad...


The United States (US) is second to China in the production of cotton in the world market. China and the US are followed by India, Pakistan, and Uzbekistan in the world production of cotton. Seventeen states produce cotton within the US. California generates 13% of US cotton production. Cotton is California's largest planted crop, with one million acres in production and 20 million pounds of cottonseed planted annually. The objective of this research is to compare production and marketing characteristics of early adopters and nonadopters of transgenic cotton varieties in California. This research was conducted through the use of a mail survey distributed to all California cotton growers during December 2000 and January 2001. A response rate of 16% of the 1,300 cotton growers generated a sample size of 206 California cotton growers. Transgenic Cotton Planted and Planned


Background There is a paucity of contemporary data examining electrolyte changes during and immediately after hemodialysis (HD), and their relationship with dialysate prescriptions. This study examines these relationships. Methods We analyzed patient (n566) and HD session level pre and postdialysis laboratory data (n51713) over a 6-month period from the Monitoring in Dialysis Study. We fit mixed-effects regression models to analyze electrolyte, BUN, creatinine, and albumin levels immediately post-HD, accounting for pre-HD and dialysate prescriptions. In a subset of US patients (n540), 15-minute post-HD and 30-minute post-HD valueswere available at one session. Predictive models were fit to estimate electrolyte levels immediately post-HD, accounting for preHD concentrations and dialysate prescriptions. Results Serum bicarbonate, calcium, and albumin increased (mean increase 4.960.3 mEq/L, 0.760.1 mEq/L, and 0.460.03 g/dl, respectively), whereas potassium, magnesium, and phosphate decreased immediately post-HD (mean 21.260.1 mEq/L, 20.360.03 mEq/L, and 23.060.2 mg/dl, respectively). Hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia were present in 40% and 67% of immediate post-HD samples, respectively. Dynamic changes were observed in electrolyte concentrations at 15and 30-minutes post-HD, compared with immediately post-HD. Conclusions We describe the magnitude of postdialytic changes in serum electrolytes with contemporary HD, reporting a high incidence of electrolyte abnormalities post-HD, and present predictive nomograms relating electrolyte changes immediately post-HD to dialysate prescriptions. Our results may be useful for clinical care and provide insights for future research on dialysate prescriptions. doi: https://doi.org/10.34067/KID.0007452020 Introduction Over 450,000 patients in the United States are dependent onmaintenance hemodialysis (HD) for the control of serum electrolyte concentrations and acid-base parameters (1). Traditionally offered as a thriceweekly therapy, HD utilizes the processes of diffusion and convection to ensure adequate and safe removal of some molecules, while maintaining or replenishing others (2,3). The dialysate prescription is a critical component in this process and requires a detailed understanding of the dynamic changes and rebound in Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts NephroNet Clinical Research Consortium, Atlanta, Georgia University of North Carolina Kidney Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina W. G. (Bill) Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, North Carolina Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio Medanta Kidney & Urology Institute, Medanta The Medicity, Haryana, India Southeastern Clinical Research Institute, Augusta, Georgia Manipal Hospital, New Delhi, India North American Science Associates (NAMSA) Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota New York University School of Medicine and New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York Correspondence: Simon Correa, Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., Medical Research Building, Suite 416, Boston, MA 02115. Email: email@example.com www.kidney360.org Vol 2  April, 2021 Copyright © 2021 by the American Society of Nephrology    695 KIDNEY360 2: 695–707, 2021. electrolyte concentrations that occur as a result of HD treatments. This is particularly important, because emerging data implicate the dialysis electrolyte prescription, and both lower and higher serum electrolyte concentrations, as important factors associated with the high incidence of sudden death in patients on maintenance HD (4). Over the last few decades, several technological advances and changes in clinical practice have been implemented for HD therapy, including the use of higher-efficiency and higher-flux membranes, avoidance of membrane reuse, and shorter treatment times (2). These may have important implications for the expected peridialytic changes in serum electrolytes in modern HD practice. Despite this, a relative paucity of data exists in contemporary practice related to preand post-HD electrolyte changes, shifts in electrolytes during the postdialysis period, and the influence of the dialysis prescription on such changes. The aim of this study was two-fold: (1) to describe the postdialytic changes in standardly assessed serum electrolyte and biochemical parameters; and (2) to determine the association of the dialysate prescription with electrolyte changes. These analyses harness the wealth of preand post-HD laboratory data from the Monitoring in Dialysis Study (MiD) study, a prospective, multicenter cohort study that used implantable loop recorders to determine the frequency of cardiac arrhythmias over a 6-month period. Materials and Methods Study Design and Population This is a secondary analysis of the MiD study (5). MiD was a prospective cohort study that enrolled 66 patients on maintenance HD (n543 from the United States; n523 from India) from ten centers, and used implantable loop recorders to record continuous electrocardiographic readings over a 6month primary observation period. Subjects were enrolled from January 2013 to January 2014 in the United States and from March 2014 to December 2015 in India. The primary eligibility criteria were age 21 or older, thrice-weekly incenter HD or eGFR,15 ml/min per 1.73 m2, with expected HD initiation within 2 months, although no patients were enrolled before their HD initiation. Key exclusion criteria were unsuitability for implantation, expected survival ,6 months, left-sided HD catheter interfering with implantation, thoracic surgery within 6 months, bacteremia within 60 days or nonbacteremic infection within 14 days, hemoglobin,10 g/dl on consecutive measurements within prior 2 months, end-stage liver failure, transplantation or modality transfer expected within 6 months, existing pacemaker, or implantable cardioverter defibrillator. The design and main results of MiD have been reported elsewhere (5,6). Dialysate prescriptions were not dictated by protocol, but rather as deemed clinically indicated by the patient's nephrologist. Exposures and Outcomes The primary outcomes of this study were the changes in electrolyte and laboratory concentrations immediately postHD, compared with pre-HD. Additionally, we analyzed the association of individual dialysate electrolyte concentrations with changes in serum electrolyte concentrations. As there were differences in several baseline characteristics according to country of origin, we also examined the changes in electrolyte concentration in these subgroups. In a subset of 40 participants (all from the United States), we analyzed electrolyte changes at 15-minutes post-HD, and 30-minutes post-HD, compared with the immediate post-HD measurements. Laboratory Analysis In MiD, per the prespecified protocol (5), blood samples were obtained before and after dialysis twice weekly for the first 4 weeks, and then once weekly through the remaining 5 months. Per protocol, additional samples were obtained at 15 and 30 minutes after dialysis on the first session after implantable loop recorder placement in a subgroup of the US participants (n540). Blood samples were collected at study sites by trained personnel, centrifuged, refrigerated, and then shipped to a certified Central Laboratory (DaVita Total Renal Laboratories Inc. in the United States and a central laboratory in India) for measurement, using standard techniques. Statistical Analyses Continuous variables were examined graphically and recorded as mean6SD for normally distributed data, or medians (25th–75th percentile) for non-normally distributed data. Categorical variables were examined by frequency distribution and recorded as proportions. Pre-HD and post-HD electrolyte and laboratory assessments were described as mean6SEM, accounting for repeated measures across subjects via the use of mixed models with random intercept. The mean differences between post-HD and: (1) pre-HD measurements, (2) 15-minute post-HD, and (3) 30minute post-HDwere estimated and compared using mixed effects regression models. Additionally, as the differences between the predialysis serum and dialysate concentration may influence the postdialysis serum concentration of any given electrolyte, unadjusted and adjusted models were fit to determine the association of corresponding dialysate prescriptions with change (pre-HD to post-HD) in serum electrolyte concentrations. Model 1 adjusted for the corresponding pre-HD serum electrolyte concentrations; Model 2 additionally adjusted for the dialysis session length. Further, using the linear mixed-effect regression models described previously, we predict (and plot) the change (preHD to post-HD) in serum electrolyte concentration, according to the pre-HD serum and dialysate concentrations of the electrolyte of interest. These analyses were carried out for serum sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and calcium separately. Subgroup analyses were also performed according to country of origin for these plots. Missing data were not imputed. Overall, there was ,4% missing for any parameter. All analyses were carried out using the statistical software package SAS version 9.4 (Cary, NC). Two-sided P values of ,0.05 were considered statistically significant. Ethics The MiD study was approved by the applicable institutional review boards or ethical review committees at each participating center and participants provided written informed consent before the beginning of the study. 696 KIDNEY360


Weed suppression characteristics of different winter cereal species and cultivars were studied in two field experiments in two successive years. Two cultivars each of barley, oats and wheat were studied using the weed Galium aparine L. at a range of densities. Significant differences were found in the suppressive abilities of the crop species: oats being the most suppressive, followed by barley and then wheat. Percentage yield loss was related to G. aparine density using a rectangular hyperbolic model. In 1995-96, significant differences between the two wheat cultivars were found, with cv. Avalon being able to suppress G. aparine growth much more effectively than cv. Spark. However, in 1996-97, high rainfall in May, June and July enabled G. aparine to escape suppression by the cultivars. Cultivar competitive ability was associated with high overall leaf area, resistance to loss of tillers under competitive pressure, greater height, canopy structure and development. The oat cultivars were more competitive at early growth stages than could be accounted for by their canopy structure; the possible contribution of allelopathic exudates to their suppressive ability is discussed.


Since the introduction of microchemical thallus colour tests by Nylander in 1866 there have been a large number of reports of chemical tests and analyses performed on lichen material in connection with studies on their systematics. The last decade has seen the introduction of a number of rapid and sensitive physico-chemical techniques into chemical laboratories whereby an unambiguous identification of the low molecular weight metabolites, generally known as lichen products or substances, may be made from very small amounts (jxg's) of lichen material. The fact that a well equipped chemical laboratory may now perform a large number of valid chemical analyses on such small amounts of lichen material has two implications for lichenologists. Firstly, it is now possible to check the validity of earlier chemical reports so that any errors, due to the inadequacies of the chemistry and (or) the specimen sampling procedures, may be rectified. Secondly, the new experimental situation enables accurate chemical studies to be made of the various lichen collections to be found in herbaria. In this paper we report our results arising from a re-examination of the chemistry of a particular group of British lichens, Cladonia Hill ex Hill subgenus Cladina (Nyl.) Leight. em. Vain., using three of the new techniques.


The Mo-catalyzed hydrostannation of propargylic amines and amides gave rise to functionalized vinylstannanes in good yield. The α-stannylated products were formed preferentially, which are interesting synthetic building blocks. If halogenated aromatic amines were subjected to this protocol, the products obtained could be converted into indole and isoquinoline derivatives through intramolecular Stille couplings. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)


FOR the obstetrician a sensitive method for determination of foetal haemoglobin in blood is of great value because such a method may disclose cases of foeto-maternal haemorrhage. Rucknagel and Chernoff (1955) found I0 out of 91 pregnant women with high values of foetal haemoglobin in blood in the second trimester, and the values decreased during the last part of pregnancy. They suggested that pregnancy might stimulate the production of foetal haemoglobin. Many methods for determination of foetal haemoglobin in blood have been elaborated based on the differences between adult and foetal haemoglobin. (For reviews see Beaven and Gratzer, 1959a and b; Betke, 1954.) The methods most often used are those based on the difference in resistance of foetal and adult haemoglobin to alkaline reagents (Korber, I866), specially the method elaborated by Singer, Chernoff and Singer (1951). The principle of this technique is that a solution of haemoglobin is treated by a base for one minute. By this all adult and only a negligible part of foetal haemoglobin is denatured. The denatured pigment is precipitated and removed. The residue is measured spectrophotometrically and calculated in per cent of total haemoglobin. However, this and similar methods give rather varied results when measuring small amounts of foetal haemoglobin because the one minute residue may contain components other than haemoglobin (Falbe-Hansen, 1961) and the filtering technique may be different in different laboratories (Fisher, 1957). Singer and co-workers found 0.5 to 1 7 per cent of residues in blood from normal adults, but they did not regard this as foetal haemoglobin. With the quantitative precipitin test, which is an immunologic method, Chernoff (1953) found values of foetal haemoglobin from 0.05 to 0.5 per cent in blood from 40 out of 100 normal adults. Huisman, Jonxis and Dozy (1955) found 0 3 to 0 4 per cent in blood from 3 normal adults using a combined method of alkali-denaturation and analysis of amino-acid composition, while Beaven, Ellis and White (1960) found no foetal haemoglobin in blood from 133 normal adults. They used a combined alkali-denaturation and spectrographic method capable of detecting 0 4 to 1 .O per cent.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ag-zyme liquid organic fertilizer on growth and yield of soybean (Glycine max L.). The experiment was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine. The experimental was the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments are 0 ml(T1), 50 ml(T2), 100 ml(T3), 150 ml (T4) and 200 ml (T5) of Ag-zyme liquid organic fertilizer. The results obtained showed that soil application of Ag-zyme liquid organic fertilizer at different rates significantly (P<0.05) influenced the vegetative and yield parameters of soybean evaluated. The application of moderate levels of (T2 and T3) Ag-zyme liquid fertilizers markedly increased the yields (35.595 kg/ha and 29.583 kg/ha respectively) compared to other levels and control. The result showed that the increase in vegetative, parameters, yield and yield components were correlated to mitigation effect of application of Ag-zyme liquid organic fertilizer during late planting in relation to harsh environmental condition.


Sickness behavior appears to be the expression of a central motivational state that reorganizes the organism's priorities to cope with infectious pathogens.To evaluate the effect of selective and non selective COX inhibitors in lipopolysaccharides induced sickness behaviour,rats were subjected to the forced swim test (FST), open field test,actophotometer. LPS(10mcg/kg i.p). administration increased the immobility period in the FST, and depressed locomotor activity in the actophotometer, decreased line crossing and rearing in open field test, increased body temperature and decreased body weight . COX inhibitors are reported to be effective by reducing the risk of neuro degenerative diseases and sickness behaviours. Rats were pretreated with Non- selective COX inhibitors Aspirin (100&200mg/kg), Selective COX-1 inhibitor Resveratrol(50&100mg/kg) & selective COX-2 inhibitor Celecoxib(10&50mg/kg) for 7 days. At the last day rats were given final injection of saline or Cox inhibitors 30 min prior to LPS (10mcg/kg i.p.). After 120 min of LPS treatment determined the exploratory behaviour in open field test, depression using FST, locomotion using actophotometer, body temperature and body weight. Considering the behavioural and histopathological observations showed in the chronic treatment of Non selective COX inhibitors (aspirin) & selective COX 2 inhibitor (celecoxib) attentuated LPS induced behavioural changes but not in selective COX 1 inhibitor (resveratrol) produced by LPS. Considering that aspirin & Celecoxib attenuates LPS-induced behavioural changes, it is proposed that LPS-induced sickness behavior is dependent on the COX pathway mediate prostaglandins (PGE2)


When I finally managed to get off the hypnotic fixation on the twitterwall, I realised that Cornelius Puschmann was trying to sort out the writing process of scholarly blogs. There are, of course, ways of putting up objective functions of scholarly writing. I find the three main functions he lists (taking notes, publishing results, doing PR-work) make sense. But on the other hand you seldom write for one reason, one adressee. You always somehow write for yourself and for yourself to be read. ...


The Loess Plateau is one of the regions with serious soil and water losses in the world. Labor power, material resources and funds have been input in the vegetation construction and a great progress has been made ,but there have still been a few problems on the Loess Plateau since 1949 because the vegetation can effectively control the soil and water losses in this region. However, it is necessary that three problems i.e. Criteria, benefit and scope, should be well solved in the further vegetation construction project. At present, it is urgent requirement to set the quality criteria of soil and water conservation vegetation, to seek the way to raise the functional conversion coefficient and to determine the effective vegetation coverage for different regions. Only in this way can the vegetation construction be promoted and a great northwestern region with green, beautiful mountain and valley can come true in the near future.


The purpose of this research is to develop an electric power steering (EPS) control logic which integrates base-assist, damping, return, and inertia control logic. This research also introduces a special method which employs the steering angle signal and the vehicle speed signal into the control logic to tune the compensation gain immediately. It can optimize the steering response and improve the steering feel. In addition, a new control logic, impact compensation, has been proposed. It reduces the oscillatory effect of the steering system when the vehicle passes through an uneven road. For verifying the ideas mentioned above, this research integrates Matlab/Simulink with CarSim. Co-simulation technique is used to validate the proposed ideas for the high accurate description of vehicle dynamics and model of the steering behavior. The results show that the designed control logic and compensation strategy can satisfy various driving conditions. The impact control logic can alleviate the unwanted vibration of the steering wheel effectively.


In a previous study {Takagi, T. et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull., 52(12), 1427-1432 (2004)}, we applied a slightly revised neural Independent Component Analysis (ICA) for profiling illegally distributed methamphetamine. Using ICA and an hourglass type Hierarchical Neural Network (HNN), we obtained better classification results than by using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), CATegorical PCA (CATPCA) and the MultiDimensional Scaling method (MDS). The HNN is a nonlinear machine learning method, and the ICA applied in that study exhibited nonlinear characteristics. The results indicated that nonlinear analysis is more efficient than linear analysis for profiling confiscated methamphetamine. Consequently, in this study, we applied Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) to impurity profiling of methamphetamine. While SOM is currently a frequently employed nonlinear classification method, the ordinary SOM uses only that information contained by the winner neuron for classification and the information of other grid points is neglected. We therefore attempted to simultaneously utilize the information of loser neurons in order to avoid information loss. First, we visualized the resultant reference vectors using a contour map of each sample. Although considerable information can be visually compared using the SOM contour maps, metric comparisons are difficult. We therefore used MDS to construct a similarity matrix using the data of the resultant reference vectors to visualize metric data. To assess the results, we assumed that there are four synthetic routes (Nagai, Leuckart, Emde and reductive amination methods), and that each of these can be identified by comparing route-specific impurities.


In the article the theoretical Foundation for the development of a biosensor immunoassay for the simultaneous determination of 12 encountering based on conjugates nanozolota with antibodies.These tests can change the situation with mortality from cancer at introduction as companion diagnostic tests


Proposed the projects to improve the production efficiency for the NC milling machine, including six aspects measures as follows: Makes a reasonable processing route; Chooses an appropriate cutting tool; Reasonably install and clamp work pieces; Reasonably choices cutting parameters; Implements tool Presetting and automatic measure; Strengthens the information construction and personnel training and so on.


The ways that students read, interpret, and write about books they study are connected to
notions of self. I aim to shed light on processes of ethnic and racial identification in students'
responses to literature and in their interactions with their teacher. In particular, I seek to provide
insight into how a group of young women grew to understand themselves in relation to literature,
their peers, and their teacher by focusing on teacher-student journals. Over a period of fifteen
weeks, students composed journal entries, and I responded at regular intervals. This process
created an opportunity to reflect on our exchanges over time.
The story of the class's reading together cannot be told adequately without also looking at
the teacher's (my own) development. Studies that look at teacher-student journals have tended to
focus on literacy and reading comprehension rather than on identity. Moreover, there has been
little discussion of the role of teacher development in such processes. My research examines how
our understanding of both our own and others' ethnic identity was produced through our dialogic
exchanges.
My questions are these: What can we learn from student written testimony, and what can
we learn, too, from teacher responses about the ways in which ethnicity, race, racism, and
privilege are experienced? By concentrating on a reading course, Ethnic Voices, in an all-girls
secondary school in California, I show how literature was the starting point for sustained
dialogues about identity. Ethnic Voices is a course meant to explore how historical, cultural, and
social experiences shape identities and understandings through the shared reading of fiction. In
addition to studying entries, I also reflect on the difficulty of looking retrospectively at my
responses for, in reality, both teachers and students are involved in parallel processes of
development as they write and share responses to literature that connect with their own lives.


Concrete is the most extensively used construction material, Maintenance and repair of concrete structures is a growing problem involving significant expenditure. The demand for concrete is increasing day by day due to growing population, urbanization, transportation and industrialization. Industrial wastes can be used in concrete production for saving the environment. Ferrochrome slag is an industrial by-product emerged from the Ferrochrome alloy industry which can be used as an alternate material for coarse aggregate in concrete. The present study is to understand the behaviour and performance of the fiber reinforced concrete in partial replacement of Cement and Coarse aggregate with Metakaolin and ferrochrome slag. In this study three Mixes was prepared to carry out various tests on harden concrete Mix-1 is Partial replacement of Cement with metakaolin as 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, and the optimum content of 15% metakaolin was added to different percentages replacement such as 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of coarse aggregate with ferrochrome slag and this is named as MIX-2. MIX-3 is prepared by observed optimum contains of 15% metakaolin and 75% of ferrochrome slag Steel fibres and Lathe Waste are added individually at various percentages of 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% to the optimum Mixes obtained earlier and Comparison was made between Steel fibers mix and Lathe Waste Mix. M30 grade of concrete mix design were formulated and specimens were casted and tested for computing compressive, split tensile and durability properties at various periods of 7, 28 and 90 days.


Graphitic carbon materials (GCs) are attractive as anodes for the industrialization of potassium ion batteries (PIBs). However, the poor cycle and rate performance of GC‐based anodes hinder the development of PIBs. In this study, inspired by the nervous system, neuromorphic GCs (NGCs) are designed to use as potassium anodes with high cycling stability and excellent rate performance. The inherent neuromorphic nature of NGCs enables fast signal transmission via multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), which serve as efficient pathways for electronic transmission. Meanwhile, the low‐stress properties of hollow carbon spheres effectively support the cycling stability of PIBs. As a result, NGC‐based potassium anodes achieved an unprecedented cycle life over 18 months (2400 cycles) with a reversible capacity of up to 225 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1. Moreover, the novel anode exhibits exceptional rate performance (73.6 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). The research presented here offers a practical and straightforward method for potassium's long‐term and high‐rate storage and beyond.


Although a semiconductor gas sensor is promising in the future gas sensing technology, the material design for highly sensitive and selective gas sensing is quite challenging. The crystal plane dependence of gas sensing has been studied using various nano‐crystal samples with a controlled crystal facet to obtain a clue for designing the sensing material, but the contact effect between nano‐crystal particles has often hindered the straightforward analysis. In the present study, the crystal plane dependence of ethanol (EtOH) sensing by ZnO, one of the most widely studied target gas‐sensing material combinations, was investigated from an analytical approach. We applied a newly developed low‐energy He+ ion scattering spectroscopy (He+ LEIS) combined with the pulsed jet technique for analyzing the surface structure of ZnO during the EtOH sensing. In this novel technique, the free gas jet is periodically blown onto the sample surface to simulate the gas‐sensing surface in a vacuum as one under the realistic working condition, while the background pressure is maintained low enough for operating He+ LEIS. It was found that the divalent oxygen adatom on the outermost surface is consumed during the EtOH sensing while no change occurs in the concentration of the lattice oxygen on the Zn‐terminated (0001) surface. The availability of this oxygen adsorbate determines the dissociative EtOH adsorption probability on the surface; hence it determines the EtOH sensing sensitivity, which is substantially higher on Zn‐terminated (0001) than other dominant low‐index surfaces, such as O‐terminated (000 1‾ ), (10 1‾ 0), and (11 2‾ 0).


The power of groups in the world of recovery, whether professionally facilitated or of the mutual-help/self-help type, is due in large part to the opportunities that exist for mutual-aid processes and their resonance with the demands of recovery. While occurring naturalistically in mutual-help/selfhelp groups and professionally encouraged in various treatment approaches, the concept of mutual aid elevates the role of the recovering person from passive recipient to member of a supportive community, wherein his contribution as both receiver as well as giver of help has therapeutic value (Riessman, 1965; Roberts et al., 1999). The potential for mutual aid that exists in all group types can be harnessed in service of enhanced motivation, erosion of denial, behavioral change, skill acquisition, and personal growth. The cultivation of mutual aid in treatment groups enables the group to become more than individual therapy in a group setting. The concept of mutual aid as an element of group process bears great resonance with Yalom's construction of therapeutic factors and Corsini and Rosenburg's elaboration of change mechanisms (Crouch, Bloch, & Wanlass, 1994; Yalom, 1995) and is an integral aspect of social work approaches to group treatment (Papell & Rothman, 1966; Shulman, 2006). We encourage authors to submit rich descriptions of their practice illuminating successful elements of the group process, useful interventions, and lessons learned. Where possible, we would benefit from researchers who are able to articulate the salient elements of the group process of the intervention as well as the theoretical underpinnings employed through both qualitative and quantitative designs. Understanding more fully how, why, and under what conditions these elements of group process help group members is essential in strengthening our capacity as practitioners to be of clinical value. In many ways, this journal is a mutual-aid system as it presents an opportunity for us all to learn from each other. Having said that, we are pleased to present this edition's contributions, which in many ways illuminate the power of groups in recovery from addictions. Parkman, Lloyd, and Splisbury of the United Kingdom present a scoping review of the mutual-aid self-help literature regarding alcohol dependency and utilize a thematic analysis approach to analyze the results. Their analysis suggests an association between Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other non-AA self-help groups and improved recovery related to the following fac-


Monetary decisions affect firms' cash flows and the level of interest rate which in turn will affect the stock price. There are many articles which analyze the relationship between local monetary policy and stock returns and find that an expansive monetary policy increases stock returns. Some of these articles extend the analysis to the relationship between the international monetary environment and stock returns. However, all of these articles assume the error variance to be constant, i.e., the articles use homoscedastic models instead of more general heteroscedastic models. This thesis extends the existing literature in several ways. Firstly, the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscadestic models (GARCH) instead of homoscedastic models are used in the analysis of the relationship between the stock returns and monetary variables. Secondly, the analysis is further extended by using more sophiscated models like GARCH-M and GARCH-M with spillover effect. In this study, four countries (France, the U.K., Germany, and Japan) are analyzed. The impact of the US monetary policy is included in the analysis that represents the impact of international monetary environment. Finally, a vector autoregressive (VAR) model is used in order to account for the dynamic relationship among the monetary variables. It is found that, in the case of every country, the excess stock returns are significantly affected by both the local and the U.S. monetary environment, although significance varies according to time period and the specification of variance. The results from the VAR model indicate that stock returns in different countries react differently to the changes in the US monetary


"Harmony with differences" is a very important philosophical thinking,and it is also a kind of special talent ideology.The execution of the principle of "harmony with differences" involves the level of a state's development.From the history of the State of Qi,we can draw the conclusion.


From 2009 to 2011,240 aerosol samples in the Pearl River Estuary are collected which represented seasons of spring,summer,autumn and winter. Based on the data,the variation of the metal concentration and the airsea fluxes via dry deposition in year and season was analyzed. The results showed that the highest concentrations in aerosols is Zn,followed by Pb and Cu and the minimum Cd. The annual average concentrations in turn were 69. 2, 31. 2,12. 6 and 0. 58 ng / m3. The average annual metal concentration and fluxes to sea for Pb and Zn were in consequence of 2009 2011 2010. Average annual metal concentration and fluxes to sea for Cd showed decrease yearly. The metal concentration and the air-sea fluxes in autumn were the highest and summer were the lowest. This seasonal difference were mainly associated with monsoon and rain wash. In aerosols,the lower average concentration of Cu,Pb,Cd and Zn occurred in summer of 2010. The lower average concentration of Pb appeared in all seasons of 2010 when average concentrations were 18. 9,3. 8,56. 7 and 20. 2 ng / m3,respectively. It shows that strengthening control of man-made emissions of pollutants can effectively reduce the content of heavy metals in aerosol and improve the air quality. The assessment of metal elements from the atmosphere and the rivers shows that the river is an important source of metal material transportation to the sea. However,atmospheric Pb deposition fluxes to sea still plays important role in the area input.


The hypothesis that age related muscle dysfunction is a result of diminished anabolic stimuli resulting in impaired amino acid uptake was tested as follows. Small muscle fibre bundles isolated from the extensor digitorum longus and the soleus of young, mature and elderly mice were used to investigated the effects of age and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) treatment on the expression and function of SNAT2 and LAT2. C2C12 muscle cells were cultured and tested for both SNAT2 and LAT2 function with DHT and various inhibitors.

At all ages investigated, amino acid uptake was significantly higher in slow-twitch fibres than in the fast-twitch fibres. Ageing led to a decrease in amino acid uptake and protein synthesis in both fibre types. The decline was greater in the fast-twitch than in the slow-twitch fibres and was accompanied by a reduction in the expression of both SNAT 2 and LAT2 proteins. Mirroring the uptake results the decrease in SNAT 2 protein was greater in the fast-twitch fibres than in the slow-twitch fibres. The rends seen in SNAT2 uptake and expression were also seen with fluorescence imaging of muscle sections. Ageing had no effect on mRNA levels of LAT2, but has shown a significant reduction in SNAT2.

Treating the muscle fibre bundles with physiological concentrations of DHT significantly increased amino acid uptake and SNAT2/LAT2 protein expression in the fast twitch fibres of all elderly group mice. There was a trend toward increased uptake and expression in response to DHT treatment in all groups. Chloroquine and flutamide treatment abolished the increased amino acid uptake induced by DHT treatment. Blocking SNAT2 in C2C12 cells with MeAIB resulted in decreased LAT2 response in starvation conditions, suggesting the role of these as transceptors. It is proposed that reduced anabolic stimuli in ageing leads to impairment of SNAT2/LAT2 recruitment leading to sarcopenia.


The widely accepted model of tumor growth assumes tumors grow exponentially at a constant rate during early tumorigenesis when populations are small. The possibility that tumors might exhibit altered slower growth dynamics or even net cell death below a critical tumor size has yet to be fully explored. Deterministic growth models are capable of describing larger populations because population variation becomes small compared with the average, but when the population being modeled is small, the inherent stochasticity of the birth and death process produces significant variation. Recent advances in high throughput data collection allow for precise and sufficiently large data sets needed to capture this variation. Therefore, we present a stochastic modeling framework to describe and test the potential for altered growth dynamics at small tumor populations.


For single frequency navigation receiver, there are various techniques to estimate the ionospheric delay. Klobuchar model is a standard technique for single frequency signal that is used to estimate the ionospheric delay globally. It uses two sets of ionospheric coefficients, namely, alpha and beta, to compute the ionospheric delay. There are two different ionospheric model coefficients for IRNSS and GPS. This paper compares the estimation of ionospheric delay using single frequency (two sets of ionospheric model coefficients) and dual frequency signals. The dual frequency estimation is used to validate the results due to Klobuchar model. The ionospheric delays due to GPS ionospheric coefficients are found more suitable than the delays due to IRNSS ionospheric coefficients.


This chapter focuses on developing and implementing an integrated and inclusive quality management framework in Management Education considering possible future changes. The chapter reviews existing global management education, major global quality standards and practices of management education such as AACSB, AMBA, EFMD, etc., and several existing quality management frameworks and models in management education proposed by research scholars from different parts of the world. The study found the gaps that exist through analyses of different leading accreditation standards such as AACSB, AMBA, EFMD, etc. and provides an all-inclusive quality framework for management education bridging the gaps found and considering the future requirements. The new framework would enable higher education institutions offering management education to achieve internal excellence and enable them to work on accreditation for any global standards which they choose to use.


Some years ago the late Colonel Seton Gruthrie showed me some coins of a totally different appearance to any I had before seen. They did not, I think, form part of his collection, but belonged to a friend who had received them from a relation in the Yemen. Colonel Guthrie, however, allowed me to take impressions of them, with a view to deciphering and publishing the inscriptions at some later time when I had more leisure to devote to their inspection.


The extraction of features is an essential step in the process of mining software repositories. An important feature that has been actively studied in the field of mining software repositories is bad code smells. Bad code smells are patterns in the source code that indicate an underlying issue in the design and implementation of the software. Several tools have been proposed to extract code smells. However, currently, there are no tools that extract a significant number of code smells from software written in C++. Therefore, we propose CLEAN++ (Code smeLls ExtrActioN for C++) [1]. It is an extension of a robust static code analysis tool that implements 35 code smells. To evaluate CLEAN++, we ran it over 44 open-source projects and wrote test cases to validate each code smell. Also, we converted the test cases to Java and used two Java tools to validate the effectiveness of our tool. In the end, we confirmed that the CLEAN++ is successful at detecting code smells.The tool is available at https://github.com/Tomma94/CLEAN-Plus-Plus.


Based on the technical improvement of the High Frequency Partial Discharge Measurement applied to the insulation diagnosis of Extra-High-Voltage power cable system since last two decades in the world-wide market, the first model for Partial Discharge Monitoring System was also developed in Korea and then it was applied to KEPCO underground power cable system several years ago. However, it has brought about some on-site inconveniences, in particular, in terms of the reliability and transportability. And thus, the second model of PD diagnosis device has been developed considering compactness for working environment in the tunnel and easy handling of data acquisition based on our long years' technical experiences in domestic grid. In consequence, many a heavy works have been relieved with improved reliability of the regular surveillance effectuated by the workers at the site. In this paper, detailed information, such as software and hardware, about the second model is well described together with the technical function and easy convenient working process.


There has been extensive research of the anterior pituitary gland of livestock and poultry due to the economic (agricultural) importance of physiological processes controlled by it including reproduction, growth, lactation and stress. Moreover, farm animals can be biomedical models or useful in evolutionary/ecological research. There are for multiple sites of control of the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones. These include the potential for independent control of proliferation, differentiation, de-differentiation and/or inter-conversion cell death, expression and translation, posttranslational modification (potentially generating multiple isoforms with potentially different biological activities), release with or without a specific binding protein and intra-cellular catabolism (proteolysis) of pituitary hormones. Multiple hypothalamic hypophysiotropic peptides (which may also be produced peripherally, e.g. ghrelin) influence the secretion of the anterior pituitary hormones. There is also feedback for hormones from the target endocrine glands. These control mechanisms show broadly a consistency across species and life stages; however, there are some marked differences. Examples from growth hormone, prolactin, follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 662 325 3570; fax: +1 662 325 8028. E-mail address:email@example.com (C.G. Scanes). 0739-7240/$ – see front matter © 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. doi:10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.04.002 24 C.G. Scanes et al. / Domestic Animal Endocrinology 29 (2005) 23–33 hormone will be considered. In addition, attention will be focused on areas that have been neglected including the role of stellate cells, multiple sub-types of the major adenohypophyseal cells, functional zonation within the anterior pituitary and the role of multiple secretagogues for single hormones. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc.


A class of second order parameter-free duality models are constructed for semiinfinite (with infinitely many inequality and equality constraints) discrete minmax fractional programming problems, and then using various generalized second-order ( / ; g ; q ; h ; ~ m )-sonvexity frameworks, several weak, strong, and strictly converse duality theorems are established. The semiinfinite fractional programming is a rapidly fast-expanding research field, and whose real-world applications range from the robotics to money market portfolio management, while duality models and duality theorems developed in this paper encompass most of the results on the generalized fractional programming problems (with finite number of constraints), not just for parameter-free duality results but beyond in the literature. To the best of our knowledge, the obtained parameter-free duality results are new, and more importantly are highly significant to the context of the semiinfinite aspects of the fractional programming in terms of interdisciplinary applications.


People that are deaf or hard of hearing particularly rely on visuospatial perceptual and action abilities, not least for communication using sign language. Unfortunately, hearing loss can lead to vestibular function deficits that may impact cognitive and visuospatial behaviors. In our research programme, we propose to collect and analyse new data from a large sample of deaf or hard-of-hearing children between 6 and 18 years of age. We will use different neuropsychological tests that evaluate visuospatial abilities such as Complex Rey Figure, Draw-A-Man test, Bender Test, Ocular Motility Test (TAP), Visual Scanning Test (TAP) and VSAD (Visuo Spatial Working Memory task). One concern with these tests is that the interpretation of results can be problematic when comparing the results to the norms of the hearing population. For example, there can be developmental delay in the children if the parents or school have reduced communication possibility with the child. On the other hand, some scientific articles show that peripheral visual attention in deaf participants can be enhanced if compared to the hearing population. Here, we will investigate visuospatial abilities in deaf or hard of hearing participants by investigating differences between deaf children at various levels of deafness (prelingual and postlingual, light, average, severe and profound, etc.). Furthermore, we will investigate the impact of the participant, parents and schools on knowing and actively communicating in sign language with the child. The poster will present our intentions for the research, and we seek feedback and suggestions for the research programme.


Abstract This study investigated changes in technology use in california's special education programs between the late 1980s and mid-1990s. two groups representing districts that participated in an earlier study were surveyed: special education administrators (n = 149) and special educators who routinely use technology in instruction (n = 189). Results suggest that computers and other technologies are more available today and used more often by administrators, teachers, and students with disabilities. Students are more likely to have technology goals on their individualized education programs, interact with technology in general education settings, and use computers as tools rather than for drill-and-practice. Administrators and teachers remain enthusiastic about technology's benefits. However, although technologies used in school programs have become more sophisticated and more plentiful, barriers to full implementation still exist.


Objective To investigate the clinical value about LED-IA photodynamic therapy for the treatment of inflammatory cystic acne.Methods Seventy-two cases of inflammatory cystic acne patients admitted to Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2010 to December 2011 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,control group(n = 36) and treatment group(n = 36).The control group was treated with tanshinone and clarithromycin;the treatment group was treated with tanshinone,clarithromycin and LED-IA photodynamic therapy instrument.The clinical effects,adverse reactions,and the skin lesions integral of the two groups were observed and compared.Results The total effective rate was 94.44% in the treatment group,72.22% the control group,the treatment group significantly better than the control group(P 0.05);the total rate of adverse reactions was 38.89% in the treatment group,and 41.67% the control group,no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P 0.05);the skin lesions integral in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group(P 0.05).Conclusion LED-IA photodynamic therapy is safe and reliable as the treatment of inflammatory cystic acne,which is worthy of promotion.


In this article the authors explain the need to improve monitoring instruments for the integration processes within the EAEU. They also argue that in order to better the information support of managerial decisions it is very important to develop methodological principles and methodical provision for evaluating economic effects of integration processes in the EAEU member-states. In this regard the authors review three aspects of cooperation among the EAEU countries (foreign trade, exchange of services and exchange of capital) and assesses the adequacy of the indicators that are used today to reflect the degree of integration of a single EAEU member-country with a group of EAEU partners on a quantitative example of Russia's external economic relations in 2013-2015. It is necessary to expand the system of indicators aimed mostly at multi-aspect reflection of inter-country exchange of services at the expanse of the following indicators: the amount of accumulated capital in the countries' economies as a result of mutual direct investment; the assessment of the relative degree of integration - using the reference method; the magnitude of real shifts in the degree of integration- using the physical volume indices of indicators. The authors propose approaches to its formation and justify the demand in additional information and statistical support. Methodological proposals for the new indicators are illustrated with experimental calculations for Russia. The choice of the GDP as the denominator in the formula for calculating the integration index (by any of the three integration directions) is proved to be valid. The article presents several suggestions on other possible approaches to generating the denominator for the formula with which the strength of integration relationships is estimated. There are examples illustrating differences in assessments depending on the methodological approach - the choice of a particular indicator of economic performance (used in assessing the degree of integration) and insights regarding if there has been a positive shift in the degree of integration or there was none. The authors emphasize the debatable nature of the question of preferring one approach to another in estimating the degree of integration of the EAEU member-states.


If the discipline of sociology emerged not as a science of society per se but rather as a discourse speaking about modern society from the perspective of modern society—and if the emancipation (and...


Data cache can significantly improve reading performance,but timely synchronization is also needed to ensure the realtimeness of cached data.The instant synchronization triggered by data source variation is a general resolution.But the frequent synchronizations triggered by rapid data changes under heavy pressure may negatively impact server performance and communication efficiency.The data cache need-based synchronization introduced in this pager can customize the synchronization strategies on business needs,so that server performance and communication efficiency are improved meanwhile all realtime requirements are still met.This resolution has been successfully implemented in UniBase,a distributed memory database developed by the author's team,and proven its feasibility in real projects.