Oral drug delivery system of Mouth Dissolving Tablets (MDTs) is using a new concept that have been mostly accepted in the pharmaceutical industry in recent days. This system is the most comfortable, safest and inexpensive of drug delivery system, enhancing the patient compliance and extending the patient life. Mouth dissolving formulations using an important ingredient or active agent due to allow release of drug is rapidly after that produce faster dissolution process. The mouth dissolving tablets contain a unique property of tablets like quickly disintegrating or easily dissolving and releasing the active drug within a few minutes and its contact with saliva. In pediatric, geriatric, bed ridden, psychic, dysphagic patients are using the MDTs because of these tablets are easily engulfing or swallowing is most convenient and patient compliance is better to compared than other Delivery systems. The tablets are formulated with an aid of super disintegrant. It's more reliable because of better compliance in patients. There are several technologies used in the MDTs manufacturing process such as patented technology & conventional technology. The important patented technologies are Durasolve Technology, Orasolve Technology, Zydis Technology, Wow Tab Technology, Flash Dose Technology, Flash Tab Technology and Quick Solv Technology. The MDTs are improving the demand for rapidly growing areas in the pharmaceutical industry and other fields are also in demand on these formulations. The recent progress of pharmaceutical fields is allowing the improvement of a better route of health care management with avoidance of numerous difficulties are connected to the other Drug Delivery System (DDS).


Handbooks form a long-established genre and make important contributions to knowledge—aptly captured by the German expression Handbuchwissen. Archives, meanwhile, form a category that plays an important role in many disciplines, not only through its traditional epistemological centrality for historiography and archival science, but also in critical theory, literature, and media and cultural studies. Creating a Handbuch Archiv (as part of a series that also includes a Handbuch Bibliothek and Handbuch Museum) therefore represents an important contribution to scholarship, and particularly to scholarly methodology in multiple disciplines. The challenges that this volume faces, however, go beyond the tension between interdisciplinarity and canonicity implicit in a handbook that crosses disciplinary lines, because of the diverse and indeed incommensurable ways the terms the archive or archives are approached in the disciplines involved. The editors, both active in literary archives, are well aware of the terms' instability and modestly describe their work as a "Perspektivierung" that aims to bridge the "Graben wechselseitiger Missverständnisse" (viii) among the disciplines that give (the) archive(s) a central place in their work. Such misunderstandings arise primarily from the way that first Michel Foucault and then Jacques Derrida deployed the term archive in their contributions to critical theory in The Archaeology of Knowledge and Archive Fever, respectively. Their broad metaphorical appropriation has directly shaped work in literature, continental philosophy, and cultural studies and has had significant resonance— but also generated significant pushback—among historians and archivists. Handbuch Archiv consists of a series of substantial essays on topics across this broad range of meaning, written by authors whose specializations range from literature and law to digital technology and document preservation. To bring these voices into dialogue, the editors have chosen to divide the Handbuch into six perspectival sections: "Erfindung des Archivs," "Archivgeschichte," "Archivpolitik," "Archivmaterial," "Archivpraktiken," and "Produktivität des Archivs." Each section comprises contributions that rest on differing epistemological assumptions; among these, "Erfindung des Archivs" is particularly heavy on philosophical and theoretical approaches, whereas "Archivpraktiken" leans primarily toward practical knowledge articulated by working archivists. The editors' choices often succeed in juxtaposing perspectives. While this architecture leads to considerable repetition, it is also frequently productive because it allows key questions to be approached from different vantage points. Readers seeking an overview and literature on topics


BACKGROUND
Alport Syndrome (AS) is an inherited familial nephropathy, characterized by progressive hematuric nephritis, bilateral sensorineural hypoacusis and ocular abnormalities. X-linked AS (XLAS) is the dominant AS form and is clinically heterogeneous, and it is associated with defects in the collagen type IV alpha-5 gene (COL4A5).

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this research is to detect the genetic defect responsible of renal disorder in a 3-generation Han-Chinese pedigree.

METHODS
Detailed family history and clinical data of the family members were collected and recorded. Exome sequencing was applied in the proband to screen potential genetic variants, and then Sanger sequencing was used to verify the variant within the family. Two hundred unrelated ethnically-matched normal individuals (male/female: 100/100, age 37.5 ± 5.5 years) without renal disorder were recruited as control.

RESULTS
3 patients (I:1, II:1 and II:2) present microscopic hematuria and proteinuria, Patient I:1 developed uremia and ESRD by age 55 and showed sensorineural hearing loss. Patient II:2 occurred mild left ear hearing loss. Cataracts were present in patients I:1 and II:1. A COL4A5 gene missense mutation, c.2156G>A (p.G719E), located in the Gly-X-Y repeats of exon 28, was identified to co-segregate with the renal disorders in this family. The variant was absent in 200 ethnically matched controls.

CONCLUSION
By conducting exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing, a COL4A5 gene missense mutation, c.2156G>A (p.G719E) was identified to co-segregate with the renal disorders in this family. Our study extends the genotype-phenotype correlation in XLAS, which may be useful for genetic-counseling of this family. Further functional studies associated with genetic deficiency are warranted in the following research.


In the present work was carried out strategic planning on the basis of one of the most common types of analysis in marketing SWOT-analysis, which allows to identify and structure the strengths and weaknesses in the housing industry of the city of Stavropol.


The developing lung is dependent on substrate availability to support both growth and the specialized synthetic pathways of surfactant phospholipid (PPL) synthesis. We have investigated fatty acid (FA) oxidation in developing lung and have examined interactions between glucose and FA oxidation and pulmonary lipid synthesis during fetal and newborn development. Oxidation of capric acid (10 carbons) decreased between 17 and 21 days of fetal development but showed a marked increase on the first postnatal day. Palmitate oxidation showed a similar postnatal increase but oxidative rates were lower. At one day of age capric acid oxidation was 20% that of glucose oxidation. Triglyceride and PPL synthesis from palmitate by lung slices paralleled the postnatal increase in FA oxidation. There was an inverse relationship between FA oxidation and increasing FA chain length with highest oxidative rates seen with caprate and lowest rates with palmitate. This was not influenced by the addition of carnitine to the medium. There was a direct relationship between increasing FA chain length and incorporation into lung lipids. Palmitate was the FA most actively incorporated. These data suggest that while FA can be actively oxidized by newborn lung, long chain fatty acids may be utilized preferentially for PPL synthesis rather than as oxidative substrates. Metabolic change in developing lung may influence substrate and energy availability and the course of surfactant production.


We draw concrete consequences from our arithmetic duality for two-dimensional local rings with perfect residue field. These consequences include class field theory, Hasse principles for coverings and $K_{2}$ and a duality between divisor class groups and Brauer groups. To obtain these, we analyze the ind-pro-algebraic group structures on arithmetic cohomology obtained earlier and prove some finiteness properties about them.


A new approach to the development of an oxygen‐carrying blood substitute is presented. The development of a viable blood substitute in the form of a multiple emulsion encapsulating hemoglobin solution was explored. Results indicated that the formulation ingredients and procedure affect the properties of the multiple emulsion. In order to evaluate the different formulations a quantitative method of assessing the encapsulation efficiency (yield) of the multiple emulsions was developed. The yield test measures the amount of hemoglobin released into the external phase. A model mutiple emulsion was formulated and characterized by yield, drop size distribution, oxygen‐carrying capacity, oxyhemoglobin dissociation, short‐term storage stability, and viscosity. The yield obtained for the model formulation was excellent (greater than 90%) giving high oxygen‐carrying capacity. The high yield was maintained over a four day storage period at 4d̀C.


BACKGROUND
The present study analyzes how attitudes can polarize after reminders of death in the context of persuasion, and proposes that a meta-cognitive process (i.e., self-validation) can serve as a compensatory coping mechanism to deal with mortality salience.

METHOD
Participants were first asked to read either a strong or a weak resume of a job applicant. Next, they listed their initial thoughts about that applicant. Then, they were asked to think about of their own death (i.e., mortality salience condition) versus being asked to think about of being cold (i.e., control condition). Finally, participants reported the confidence in their thoughts, as well as their attitudes towards the applicant.

RESULTS
Participants who were assigned to the mortality salience (vs. control) condition showed greater impact of their previously generated thoughts on their subsequent attitudes. Additionally, as hypothesized, this effect of attitude polarization was mediated by changes in thought confidence.

CONCLUSIONS
Attitudes unrelated to mortality can be polarized by reminders of death and this effect can operate through a meta-cognitive process of thought validation. Implications for persuasion, self-validation, and beyond are discussed.


'Downhill' varices are dilated veins resulting from SVC obstruction whose blood flow is directed caudally towards azygous vein or inferior vena cava. Their etiology differs from that of the usual "uphill" varices secondary to portal hypertension. We report a case of 63 year old male that was suspected to have mediastinal / lung pathology based on finding of downhill varix on diagnostic esophagogastroduodenoscopy despite normal chest X- ray. Subsequently, the lung pathology was confirmed on contrast enhanced tomography of chest and on bronchoscopy. So findings of 'downhill'varices on endoscopy can suggest lung/medistinal pathology which needs to be confirmed on subsequent testing.


Miniature eye movement is characterized by it's complex waveform, small amplitude and unconsciousness. Involuntary movement like this may be affected by various psychological and physical states. From a view point of a fractal dimension analysis, the characteristics of miniature eye movements were investigated for estimating our sensitivity of feeling. The correlation dimension was used as a fractal dimension for quantizing complexity of miniature eye movements drift components. Validity of sufficient total calculation data (i. e. 18, 000 points for 12 embedding dimensions using a bandpass filter) were confirmed. And also differences between experimental data and noise of measurement system were simulated using pseudo white noise. And 1/f power spectrum of experimental data was confirmed using Fast Fourier Transform. This suggested that miniature eye movement may be a biological chaos. The applications of this analysis may be not only sensitivity of feeling estimation but also a medical application as a diagnosis of dementia.


The Preface to MAO Poetryrediscovered the lyrical nature of poetry, laying the theoreticalfoundation for the poetic thoughts, at the same time highlighting the political characteristics of poetry to realizethe unification of politics and art, thus established political principles for poetic explanation and poetic cre-ation. The Han Confucian's poetic thoughts program had produced a far-reaching impact on later literature.


Recently developed equations of state are used to construct fully relativistic models of rotating neutron stars. All of these stable neutron star models are bound. Consideration of binding energies suggests that very-low-mass neutron stars will not be formed in supernova explosions. Some criteria for equations of state are derived from a comparison with observations. Limits for the physical parameters of the Crab pulsar are obtained. In addition, we find that cosmic-ray protons cannot be produced by pulsars.


The One Pad Time is the only encryption algorithm known to be undecipherable. It is actually a cipher with the characteristic that the encryption key has the same length as the plaintext message. This algorithm was hoping for a strong commercial success, but the problem of the size of the keys will be fatal to it, except for specific military applications, which require an irreproachable protection. The fact that the key consists of a sequence of totally random characters is an essential condition for the security of the Vernam cipher (OPT). The surest way to respect this constraint is therefore to create the keys by exploiting the concept of insensitive sensitivity to the initial conditions of chaotic systems, which is a fundamental characteristic of dynamic systems. In this paper, we will try to make a new reading of this algorithm and to try to find a practical solution to the size of this key by introducing the concept of chaos to this realization.


Analysis of this research about analyzing organizational culture, work stress, work conflict, and work environment to employee performance. Study conducted at Klaten Islamic Hospital. The samples taken in the study were 70 employees working in Klaten Islamic Hospital. The analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis, validity and reliability test and classical assumption test. Based on the results of the analysis found it can be explained that both parsila and simutltan organizational culture, work stress, work conflict, and work environment have a positive and significant impact on employee performance. In the model formed organizational culture variable, work stress, work conflict, and work environment able to explain employee performance variable equal to 51% and the remaining 49% still influenced by other variable.


Photoinduced energy transfer and electron transfer processes have been found between the excited singlet state of Zn-porphyrin and C(60) via an oligothienylenevinylene bridge depending on the length of the oligothiophene and solvent polarity.


Tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus comprises an N-terminal domain (residues 1–319), which is dimeric and forms tyrosyladenylate, and a C-terminal domain (residues 320–419), which binds the anticodon arm of tRNATyr. The N-terminal domain has the characteristic fold of the class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The unfolding of the N-terminal domain by urea at 25 °C under equilibrium conditions was monitored by its intensities of light emission at 330 and 350 nm, the ratio of these intensities, its ellipticity at 229 nm, and its partition coefficient, in spectrofluorometry, circular dichroism, and size-exclusion chromatography experiments, respectively. These experiments showed the existence of an equilibrium between the native dimeric state of the N-terminal domain, a monomeric intermediate state, and the unfolded state. The intermediate was compact and had secondary structure, and its tryptophan residues were partially buried. These properties of the intermediate and its inability to bind 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate showed that it was not in a molten globular state. The variation of free energy ΔG(H2O) and its coefficient m of dependence on the concentration of urea were, respectively, 13.8 ± 0.2 kcal·mol−1 and 0.9 ± 0.1 kcal·mol−1·m −1 for the dissociation of the native dimer and 13.9 ± 0.6 kcal·mol−1 and 2.5 ± 0.1 kcal·mol−1·m −1 for the unfolding of the monomeric intermediate.


Workplace spirituality is recognised as the inner state of individuals and an aspect of their working life. In the study reported on here we aimed to unearth the effects of teachers' demographic factors (gender, age, nature of job, academic qualification, marital status, designation, teaching experience, and district) towards workplace spirituality in secondary schools. This study was a descriptive research and a cross-sectional survey research design was applied. The participants were 3,050 secondary school teachers. The participants were selected using stratified proportionate random sampling. The Workplace Spirituality Scale (WPS) developed by Petchsawang and Duchon (2009) was used along with a list of demographic variables to meet the study objectives. Different statistical techniques (t-test, mean, SD, one-way ANOVA and post hoc analysis) were applied for data analysis. The results indicate that teachers were satisfied and agreed with the practices of workplace spirituality in secondary schools. Moreover, the results reveal that the teachers' demographic factors (gender, designation, nature of job, academic qualification, marital status, teaching experience, and district) had significant effects on their workplace spirituality. From the results we recommend that the management of educational institutions should treat teachers equally and fairly without any discrimination for equal nurturing of workplace spirituality among teachers.


The optical and magneto-optical (MO) spectra of the ternary compound UCuAs2 are investigated theoretically from first principles, using the fully relativistic Dirac linear-muffin-tin-orbital band structure method. The electronic structure is obtained with the local spin-density approximation (LSDA), as well as with the so-called LSDA+U approach. Better agreement between the theoretically calculated and the experimentally measured MO Kerr spectra is found with the LSDA+U approximation. The origin of the Kerr rotation in the compound is examined.


seen in general hospitals because of complications due to visceral involvement, chiefly in the kidney, chest, and heart. Multiple radiological changes may be found in the skeleton, kidney, chest, and brain which are rather pathognomic of that condition. The reports of tuberous sclerosis in the radiology literature are rather scanty. Most of the cases described are concerned with changes of the skeleton, lungs, and kidneys. Only a few of the patients have had angiographic studies performed.'-' We had the opportunity recently to study rather extensively 2 patients with tuberous sclerosis and here report findings which may aid in the radiological interpretation and diagnosis of that disorder.


Blood values including serum iron and transferrin were measured in 147 healthy children 3‐6 years of age. An iron supplement given to 122 children showed no significant changes in the mean values of the total material in haemoglobin (13.7‐13.7 g/100 ml), V.P.R.C. (40‐40 ml/100 ml), R.B.C. (4.93‐4.67 mill/μl), MCHC (34.1‐34.5 g/100 ml), serum iron (122 ‐106 μg/100 ml) and TIBC (410‐397 μg/ 100 ml). These values are therefore considered as normal values for the age group in question. No iron deficiency with or without anaemia was observed.


A new comprehensive acoustic 2-D interface element capable of coupling the boundary element (BE) and finite element (FE) discretizations has been formulated for fluid–structure interaction problems. The Helmholtz equation governing the acoustic pressure in a fluid is discretized using the BE method and coupled to the FE discretization of a vibrating structure that is in contact with the fluid. Since the BE method naturally maps the infinite fluid domain into finite node points on the fluid–structure interface, the formulation is especially useful for problems where the fluid domain extends to infinity. Details of the BE matrix computation process adapted to FE code architecture are included for easy incorporation of the interface element in FE codes. The interface element has been used to solve a few simple fluid–structure problems to demonstrate the validity of the formulation. Also, the vibration response of a submerged cylindrical shell has been computed and compared with the results from an entirely finite element formulation.


Objective
To investigate the risk factors and countermeasures of anastomotic fistula caused by Roux-en Y reconstruction after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Methods
A retrospective study was performed on 87 cases of patients who were performed radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer and Roux-en Y reconstruction from January 2016 to December 2018.According to whether there was anastomotic fistula or not, anastomotic fistula group was divided into anastomotic fistula group and non-anastomotic fistula group.There were 15 patients in the anastomotic fistula group and 72 patients in the non-anastomotic fistula group.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze and summarize the risk factors of anastomotic fistula caused by Roux-en Y reconstruction method after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, and effective coping strategies were developed.

Results
Gender, age, smoking history, hypertension, diabetes, body mass index, intraoperative blood loss, tumor site, tumor size, pathological type, invasion depth and lymph node metastasis of patients in the anastomotic fistula group and non-anastomotic fistula group showed no statistically significant differences(P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in preoperative serum albumin level, pulmonary dysfunction and operation time between the anastomotic and non-anastomotic fistula groups(P<0.05). The above single factor was included in logsitic multi-factor analysis, and it could be seen that preoperative serum albumin level <3.5g/dl, pulmonary dysfunction, and long operative time ≥270 minutes could be regarded as independent risk factors for anastomotic fistula caused by Roux-en Y reconstruction after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer(P<0.05).

Conclusion
Preoperative serum albumin level < 3.5g /dl, pulmonary dysfunction, and long operative time ≥270 min can be regarded as independent risk factors for anastomotic fistula caused by Roux-en Y reconstruction after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer, requiring clinical workers to formulate targeted measures for prevention and treatment during perioperative period.

Key words:
Postoperative radical gastrectomy; Roux-en Y reconstruction; Anastomotic leakage; Risk factors


The past years have seen a considerable increase in cancer cases. However, a cancer diagnosis is often complex and depends on the types of images provided for analysis. It requires highly skilled practitioners but is often time-consuming and error-prone. If Machine Learning and deep learning algorithms have been widely used, a comprehensive review of the techniques used from the pre-processing steps to the final prediction is lacking. With this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current steps required in building efficient and accurate machine learning algorithm for cancer prediction, detection and classification. To do so, we compile the results of cancer related study using AI over the past years. We include various cancers that encompass different types of images, and therefore different related techniques. We show that tremendous improvements have been made in the early detection of cancerous tumors and tissues. The techniques used are various and often problem-tailored and our findings is confirmed through the study of a large number of research. Moreover, we investigate the approaches best suited for different types of images such as histology, dermoscopic, MRI, etc. With this work, we summarize the main finding over the past years in cancer detection using deep learning techniques. We discuss the challenges of cancer research related to the large discrepancies in the images, and we provide some notable results in the field for lung, breast, and skin cancers.


The information presented in the financial statements will be used as a basis for decision making. Examination of financial statements performed by the auditor and received unqualified opinion, is expected to provide assurance that the financial statements are free of material misstatement and are presented with accounting principles generally acceptable. Professionalism major demand of someone working as an auditor. Picture of someone who is professional in the profession of auditor reflected in five dimensions: dedication to the profession, social obligations, independence,
confidence in the rules of the profession, and relationships with colleagues. In conducting the audit of financial statements, auditors are required to make consideration of the level of materiality in planning and designing audit procedures, as well as evaluating the fairness of the financial statements as a whole.


Up to 7% of orbital tumours are tumours of the lacrimal gland. Their clinical and pathological peculiarities are emphasized. The diagnosis of the type is established by histology only. A biopsy is not advisable. The best treatment is a total excision, which may include orbital exenteration in the case of a malignant mucoepidermoid tumour.


An experimental verification of the theoretical peak current equation forreversible electrode reactions of the Randles-Sevcik oscillopolarography, i_p=Kn~(3/2)D~(1/2)m~(2/3)θ~(2/3)α~(1/2)cμΑ, is carried out with both single- and multisweep methods. Themultisweep method is essentially that of Delahay, while a simplified circuit isdevised for the single-sweep procedure. The constant K in the above equation has been worked out by Randlesand Sevcikc, but their values differ by some twenty-one percent. Experimentalresults as to which K value is correct have been contradictory. The authorspoint out that Sevcik's value of K is too low, due to the error in choosing too largea unit in his numerical integration. By taking smaller units and reperformingthe integration, the K value increases and approaches that of Randles. Thus thecorrectness of Randles' K value is ascertained and this value is used in calculatingthe theoretical slope. Their single-sweep results, with concentrations from 2×10~(-4) to 1×10~(-3) m/l andα~(1/2) from 1 to 4 volts/sec, agreement between experimental and theoretical slopesis obtained in the case of Tl~+ in m NaCl. In the case of Cd~(++) in m NaCl, experi-mental results deviate from the theoretical value, and the deviation increases withincreasing c and α~(1/2). Contrary to an unproven idea of Delahay, i_p obtained bymultisweep method is higher than that by the single-sweep procedure. However,in calculation of the theoretical values, a value of 15.0×16~(-6) obtained by polarLographic method is used for D of Tl~(+) in m NaCl. The use of the value of Dat infinite dilution is thought to be unjustified. If a D value of 15.0×10~(-6) is used,Delahay's results of Tl~+ in KNO_3 would be higher than the theoretical equationinstead of agreeing with it. This fact seems to support the findings of this paper. Various methods of correcting for capacity currents are compared and discus-sed. The authors point out that at α~(1/2) less than 2 volts/sec, the method of drawingan hbrizontal line introduces no appreciable error while at, high α, various methodsyield different results. This fact lowers the accurraey of data obtained at high α. The iR drop in the electrolytic cell and on the series resistance causes themeasured α to be different from the a actually applied on the drop electrode. Anelementary approximate correction of this effect is mentioned. Results after thiscorrection show that the deviation of Cd~(++) from theoretical at high c and α maybe due partly to this effect.


Word-of-mouth communication is a non-commercial form of marketing communication where the sender of the message is assisted by intermediaries in attempting to reach the target buyer/customer/consumer.

Keywords:

mouth communications


To assess the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) use by baseline D:A:D CKD risk score.


The vulva and vagina are a unique anatomical region, which anatomy and physiology changes throughout a woman's life. The most noticeable changes are hormone-mediated and are associated with the onset of puberty, menstrual cycle, pregnancy and menopause. The microbiome changes over time due to various factors, such as hormones, which leads to a change in pH. Various hygiene practices and habits also have a huge impact on the microflora of the vulva and vagina, and therefore on a woman's health. Today, the market offers a huge number of care and hygiene products designed for the genital area of women. But, unfortunately, information about their correct use and safety of use is limited. For example, various health behaviours, such as vaginal douching and pubic hair removal are still widely used, although there is some evidence of their negative impacts on the health of the vulva and vagina. Despite the abundance of specialized intimate hygiene products, the use of general care products that are not intended for the genital area and therefore can cause irritation, itching and other unpleasant effects is reported. Foreign guidelines for intimate female hygiene practices resolve itself to recommendations of daily vulva cleansing with a gentle hypoallergenic liquid wash. There is a need to increase women's awareness about rational choice of feminine hygiene products and disorders of the vulva and vagina to improve their intimate health.


This paper presents an extension of the line integral representation of the Physical Optics electromagnetic fleld to the more general case of multiple Physical Optics interactions. The Physical Optics (PO) approximation remains an important computational tool for the analy- sis of large re∞ector antennas or for the evaluation of the scattering from electrically large objects. Combined with the Physical Theory of Difiraction (PTD) it provides a uniformly accurate evalua- tion of the co- and cross-polarized radiation patterns and of the Radar Cross Sections (RCS). But for large re∞ectors and wide angle patterns of multibeam multifrequency systems or for systems of re∞ectors or electrically large complex objects, the straightforward evaluation of the pertinent integrals for a wide range of observation directions becomes time consuming and ine-cient due to its high computational complexity. A way to reduce the complexity of evaluating the PO integrals consists in making use of the possibilities related in the literature, to reduce radiation integrals which are essentially surface integrals, to line integrals. Following the work of Maggi, Miyamoto, Rubinowicz and Asvestas, an exact line integral representation of the PO scattered fleld from a perfectly conducting ∞at plate, illuminated by an electric Hertzian dipole, has been obtained by Johansen and Breinbjerg in 1995. Later on, this result has been extended to a magnetic Hertzian dipole, to a Gaussian beam modeled as a complex point source and in an approximate version to more general conflgurations. In this paper, we show that in the case of double interactions of the PO fleld generated by a dipole in front of two non coplanar plates, the double surface integral can be transformed exactly in a double line integral along the contours of the two plates. However, the line integral corresponding to the second plate contains a dyadic function given by an integral along a generatrix of a cone having the observation point as the tip and the contour of the second plate as the basis. This dyadic function is an extension to the electromagnetic case of the Miyamoto-Wolf vector potential for the scalar case. We have shown that the integral of the dyadic potential function corresponding to the PO integral of the second interaction, is not exactly integrable. However, it can be decomposed into a set of elementary integrals which have no stationary point in the domain of integration and which can be evaluated asymptotically, by integration by parts (end point contributions) in a large domain of the integration variable. Numerical results for double interactions on two perfectly conducting plates, obtained by the direct computation of the multiple integral of order four, are compared to those obtained by the double line integral representation and the e-ciency of the method in computer time saving is shown. The formulas for triple interactions are also presented and the possibilities of extension of the method to non planar surfaces, especially to large re∞ector antennas, are discussed.


This paper proposes a system for facilitating a smooth communication in the first meeting by using Augmented Reality (AR). "Go-kon" means a traditional style of a match-making party in Japan. It is one of typical situation that requires higher communication skill to all the participants. Against this problem, our system tries to minimize the communication difficulties that arise from the different communication skills of individuals, human relations, and the lack of information about interlocutors. We hope that all the shy Japanese make a better conversations by using our proposed system. We implement a new glasses that combine HD camera and a Head Mounted Display (HMD). The landscape of the real world captured by the HD camera is displayed on HMD in real time. In the intermediate processing between HD camera and HMD, our system inserts some helpful information for the communication. In addition, our system has a function for replacing participants' face to a given avatar image, like a masquerade ball. The usability and effectiveness of the system are subjectively evaluated in the actual Go-kon held in our campus. We confirm that inserted textual information can help a good communication. The avatar function is seems to be interesting, but it is not so effective for enhancing a smooth communication.


Intensities have been measured for the H/sub 2/O/sup +/ A/sup 2/A/sub 1/..-->..X/sup 2/B/sub 1/ bands in tail spectra of comet Kohoutek within a region of approx. 10/sup 4/ km of the nucleus. Accurate H/sub 2/O photodecomposition rates have been calculated and H/sub 2/O ionization rates for solar-wind interactions (electron impact and charge exchange) and gas-phase reactions estimated. The computed lifetime against photodecomposition for cometary H/sub 2/O molecules at 1 AU is 25 hours. It was found that solar L..cap alpha.. and the solar ultraviolet flux in the region 1450 to 1860 A contribute equally and essentially control the photodissociation of H/sub 2/O molecules; while the solar Lyman continuum determines the photoionization rate. Excitation rates and relative band intensities for H/sub 2/O/sup +/ ions were computed for the processes H/sub 2/O(X/sup 1/A/sub 1/)+h..nu -->..H/sub 2/O/sup +/(A/sup 2/A/sub 1/)+e and H/sub 2/O/sup +/(X/sup 2/B/sub 1/)+h..nu -->..H/sub 2/O/sup +/(A/sup 2/A/sub 1/). The dominant excitation mechanism was shown to be resonance fluorescence. A dominant ionization process could not be determined. Column densities for H/sub 2/O/sup +/ ions in the tail at projected nuclear distances, rho approx. =10/sup 4/ km, were found to be approx.10/sup 10//sup + - 1/ to approx.10/sup 11//sup + - 1/more » cm/sup -2/ for heliocentric distances in the range 0.5 to 0.9 AU; while and upper limit for the H/sub 2/O/sup +/ column density on the sunward side of the coma, > or approx. = 5 x 10/sup 3/ km, was estimated to be > or approx. 10/sup 9//sup + - 1/ cm/sup -2/. (AIP)« less


Migration distances were determined for contemporary United States society based on individuals chosen from high school reunion booklets. Parent-offspring distances averaged 771.3 km...and matrimonial distances averaged 866.5 km... values far higher than those measured for any other human population to date historic or modern. Migration was divided into 4 stages: (1) birth to graduation from high school (2) high school graduation to marriage (3) marriage to birth of first child and (4) birth of first child to current residence....[It is found that] individuals that moved away to college tended to disperse farther during stages 1 and 3. (EXCERPT)


Abstract: Progressive mental deterioration associated with parkinsonism was observed in a 68‐year‐old patient in the senile period. Pathologically, evidence of senile changes was obtained consisting of degeneration of the neurons and numerous senile plaques with classical and perivascular types. Further, neuronal degeneration in the form of Lewy bodies was evidently observed in the hypothalamus, substantianigra et innominata, locus caeruleus of the vagus nerve, some nuclei in the reticular formation of the brainstem and neurons in the cerebral cortex. The clinical and pathological manifestations were those of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It is suggested that some common etiological factors may cause those lesions as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.


The electrical power structure is polluted due to the usage of non-linear loads at the utilization side. Power engineers and consumers constantly look for the best and economical solutions to improve the power quality. Current harmonics and neutral current issues are the important power quality (PQ) problems in power distribution systems. The shunt active power filter (SAPF) technology is a best technology to minimize current harmonics, neutral current issues and reactive power problem. However the performance of SAPF is definitely dependents on its control techniques. So the applied control techniques have to perform precisely and quickly. This paper gives a comprehensive analysis on different types of control techniques which are employed for proper controlling of SAPF under ideal voltage (sinusoidal) conditions. Continuous time, discrete time, PWM, DC-link voltage control, and synchronizer techniques are studied briefly. The relevant strengths and weaknesses are also described for the mostly used control techniques to provide better solutions for researches and power engineers. the three-phase supply based SAPFs however, these can also be applied for single-phase supply based SAPFs with minor modifications.


Most of the failures of nickel/cadmium batteries in aircraft are triggered by the development of a short circuit in a single cell in the battery. An experiment was conducted to determine whether the use of a single temperature sensor on an intercell link would be adequate to warn of a short circuit in a cell located elsewhere in the battery. The results indicate that this would not be adequate.


FIELD: food industry. SUBSTANCE: at the first stage one produces gels of water suspensions of initial source of raw materials with a concentration exceeding critical concentration of gel formation by way of gel formation methods; at the second stage gels are extracted with solvents extracting the sol fraction so that the desired finished product is represented by a gel fraction spatial cellular frame whereof is built of proteins molecules. EFFECT: method allows to produce concentrated protein products in the form of a gel fraction of thermotropic gels with improved organoleptic properties in lipids absence. 3 cl, 6 ex


Topological analysis of the three‐dimensional (3D) chromatin nanostructure and its function in intact cell nuclei implies the use of high resolution far field light microscopy, e.g. confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). However, experimental evidence indicates that, in practice, under biologically relevant conditions, the spatial resolution of CLSM is limited to about 300 nm in the lateral direction and about 700 nm in the axial direction. To overcome this shortcoming, the use of a recently developed light microscopical approach, spectral precision distance microscopy (SPDM) is established. This approach is based on the precise localization of small labelling sites of a given target in spectrally differential images. By means of quantitative image analysis, the bary centres (intensity weighted centroid analogous to the centre of mass) of these independently registered labelling sites can be used as point markers for distance and angle measurements after appropriate calibration of optical aberrations (here, polychromatic shifts). In combination with specific labelling of very small chromatin target sites with dyes of different spectral signatures by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), SPDM presently allows us to analyse the nuclear topology in three‐dimensionally conserved nuclei with a 'resolution equivalent', many times smaller than the conventional optical resolution.


The development of hotel industry is related to the development of local tourism and other factors.The market structure of hotel industry in Yunnan is particular but not reasonable,and there are many hotels,especially low-star hotels in Yunnan,unsuitable matching in three aspects is the idiographic representation.And in the mass,the hotels don't do well in the market.The author of this article collectes a lot of statistic data for analysis with SPSS,a statistic software.With correlative theories,the fieldwork,and the data analysis,the author holds that the essential course of the market structure is the tour development pattern which takes sightseeing as the principal part.In the end,the author holds that Yunnan should veer round the tourism to develop hotel industry.


Two sisters presented with hirsutism and anovular infertility.Both had female genitalia,normal puberty and normal BP. Urine 17KS were 20 mg,pregnanetriol 4 mg and cortisol 60 μg/24 hr. Serum testosterone (90 ng/dl) androstenedione (400 ng/dl) ,DHA (2000 ng/dl),progesterone (300 ng/dl), 170H-progesterone (4000 ng/dl) and 21-desoxycortisol (1000 ng/dl) were increased. Serum cortisol, 11-desoxycortisol, DOC, corticosterone and aldosterone levels were normal. ACTH caused Na+retention,hypokalemia and ↑ BP. Dexamethasone corrected the hormonal abnormality and was followed by ovulatory cycles. The data point to a partial 21-hydroxylase deficiency, presumably an autosomal recessive characteristic; two siblings are normal. Such partial defects may explain so-called late-onset CAH.


Low-cost CMOS PAs for mobile terminals have been a focus of attention in recent years. Self-contained, linear CMOS PAs are particularly attractive for smooth replacement of conventional compound semiconductor PA products. The main challenge concerning the linear CMOS PAs is to improve their power efficiency. Doherty PAs improve the average power efficiency by means of backoff efficiency boosting; however, their applicable carrier frequency range is narrow owing to the high-order output network. Supply modulation is another technique to improve the PA back-off efficiency. Although hybrid modulators have been studied for CMOS polar transmitters [1,2], none of them have satisfied full specs of modulation bandwidth and the output power for 4G cellular applications. The area overhead is also unacceptable for application to a self-contained linear PA. A class-G supply modulator relaxes the limitations by receiving external, discrete levels of supply voltages [3]. However, it still requires a costly extra DC-DC converter for multilevel supply voltages.


The engineering properties of tailings from nine mines are summarized to demonstrate that these are good engineering materials. Such properties as gradation, specific gravity, mineral content, laboratory maximum and minimum density, in-place density and moisture, permeability, triaxial shear data, and one-dimensional compression data are presented in graphical and tabular form. Presented is an example of tailings usage in constructing a 4-mile section of Interstate 90 near Kellogg, Idaho, proving that tailings can be used to construct a modern high-capacity freeway. The theoretical design of a small earth dam is also given as an example that tailings could be used to build a dam with adequate factors of safety. It is strongly felt that the material properties presented will promote interest in the employment of mill tailings in future construction projects for both structural and environmental reasons.


This paper provides an analysis of multinomial logit model (MNL) on tourist destination choice. The choice set consisted of the Tropical North Queensland (TNQ), competed with the California Beach, the Cornwall Beach, and "No Travel" choice. The MNL model was used to identify the best scenario that gave the TNQ a market leadership in accordance with good budget performances. A scenario was developed by testing variable price combined with dummy variable of increasing family facilities; then testing the scenario based on the combination of willingness to pay (WTP) and elasticity analysis. Findings reported the best scenario was a combination of policy on the price and family facilities which made TNQ lead the markets and gave the highest revenues. Furthermore, the elasticity analysis was conducted to understand the impact of policy changes on the model outputs. The result showed that the market share and revenue of TNQ under the chosen scenario still exceed the performances of other scenarios. It was worth noting that these additional revenues raised from the chosen scenario ($71.662) cannot exceed the cost for family facility improvements; otherwise there was no policy visible than "do nothing" scenario.


From the Publisher:
This volume contains 13 selected lectures from the International Workshop on Mathematical and Computational Biology subtitled "Computational Morphogenesis, Hierarchical Complexity and Digital Evolution" held at the University of Aizu (Japan). This interdisciplinary workshop brought together researchers working on aspects of evolutionary, mathematical, and computational biology that are of particular interest for computer scientists, biologists, and mathematicians.


Apparatus for converting rotary motion to linear motion and/or linear motion to rotary motion,comprising: a rotatable piece (24) having a surface, the piece being rotatable about an axis thereof; at least one member (26a-d) having a linking surface (44a-d) facing the surface of the rotatable piece and arranged for restricted movement at least in part laterally relative to the axis of the piece; ; and located between the surface of the rotatable piece and the or each reciprocating member, means for linking the linking surface of the respective member and the surface of the rotatable piece, wherein the means for linking (30a-d), the surface of the rotatable piece and the linking surface are configured to cooperate so that rotational motion of the rotatable piece causes linear movement of the at least one member, and/or linear movement of the at least one member causes rotational motion of the rotatable piece. A sawing device may include said apparatus, the sawing device being for cutting by repetitive reciprocating cutting action of at least one blade on a surface of an object to be cut. A saw blade (10a-d) may be configured for such a sawing device.


Land subsidence process curve graph can show observation point′s elevation change status in multi-observation period, and it can use to forecast land subsidence status of future. Author researches the automation technology of new version Grapher software, and realizes the land subsidence process curve graph drawing and land subsidence forecast function in client application program with VB programming tool. In this way, combination between interface and function of programming software is done perfectly.


A battery management system is a crucial part of a battery-powered electric vehicle, which functions as a monitoring system, state estimation, and protection for the vehicle. Among these functions, the state estimation, i.e., state of charge and remaining battery life estimation, is widely researched in order to find an accuracy estimation methodology. Most of the recent researches are based on the study of the battery cell level and the complex algorithm. In practice, there is a statement that the method should be simple and robust. Therefore, this research work is focused on the study of lightweight methodology for state estimation based on the battery pack. The discrete Coulomb counting method and the data-driven approach, based on the Palmgren-Miner method, are proposed for the estimation of the state of charge and remaining battery life, respectively. The proposed methods are evaluated through a battery-powered electric bus under real scenario-based circumstances in the campus transit system. In addition, the battery life-cycle cost analysis is also investigated. The tested bus has currently been in operation in the transit system for more than
one year.


Mars Observer will study the surface, atmosphere, and climate of Mars in a systematic way over an entire Martian year. The observations of the surface will provide a database that will be invaluable to the planning of a future Mars sample return mission. Mars Observer is planned for a September 1992 launch from the Space Shuttle, using an upper-stage. After the one year transit the spacecraft is injected into orbit about Mars and the orbit adjusted to a near-circular, sun-synchronous low-altitude, polar orbit. During the Martian year in this mapping orbit the instruments gather both geoscience data and climatological data by repetitive global mapping. The scientific objectives of the mission are to: (1) determine the global elemental and mineralogical character of the surface material; (2) define globally the topography and gravitational field; (3) establish the nature of the magnetic field; (4) determine the time and space distribution, abundance, sources, and sinks of volatile material and dust over a seasonal cycle; and (5) explore the structure and aspects of the circulation of the atmosphere. The science investigations and instruments for Mars Observer have been chosen with these objectives in mind. These instruments, the principal investigator or team leader and the objectives are discussed.


ABSTRACT. Cells of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila failed to establish cultures in lipid‐free standard synthetic nutrient medium if the initial population density was 250 cells per ml or less. These cells died within 10 h, but were saved and formed dense cultures if their medium was supplemented with 10 μg per ml of either certain phospholipids, 1,2‐di‐, 1‐monoglycerides, fatty acids, long‐chain alcohols, or sterols. Cell multiplication was followed in cultures in which the standard synthetic medium was supplemented with a selection of the compounds listed above. It was observed that the cells in the supplemented cultures in their exponential phases of growth had about the same average doubling times as control cells starting multiplication at 10‐fold higher initial cell densities in lipid‐free medium. These cells have been grown for decades in lipid‐free synthetic nutrient media at short (ca. two‐three h) doubling times. Therefore lipids have been considered nutritionally non‐essential for growth and multiplication of these cells. We propose that those compounds that rescue the cells at low cell densities act as "proliferation signals,"sensu lato. This effect of lipids and long‐chain alcohols has so far remained unnoticed.


Enhanced conversion efficiency with reduced cost of thin film solar cell is the primary objective of the scientific community. Light trapping mechanism is essential which have been explored and improved the performance of the solar cell. Past few decades, the plasmonic solar cell has been investigated in which actively involves metal nanostructure like nanoparticle or grating. Our numerical work analyzes the light absorption enhancement in the 1µm thin c-Si solar cell with different nanostructures. The optimal design combines front dielectric (ITO) and back metal (Ag) gratings as the reflector. This designed cell shows enhanced absorption through localized surface plasmon (LSP) or surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Comparing reference, the dual grating solar cell provides a significant efficiency from ~11% to 18.82%, which is a 71% enhancement. This enhancement has been attributed to the field localization and resonantly field scattering at the interface of the metal and active region.


The article examines relations of the science of psychology and the practice of public relations. The main concepts of public relations as communication, interests, relations, conflicts, influence are interdisciplinary categories with prevailing psychological contents. Thus scientific psychological researches in the latter areas may provide invaluable support in carrying out effective activity of public relations and the knowledge based on the scientific psychological researches is the necessary condition of successful public relations activity. The purpose of the article is to discern and to discus the categories and areas of psychology, which are especially important in public relations.


Objective To investigate whether intervention with two different dosage of atorvastatin may benefit to plasma level of fibrinogen (Fg) in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Methods One hundred and two patients with acute cerebral infarction were randomly assigned into three groups:the control group (33 cases) treated without lipid-lowering drugs, 10 rag (30 cases) and 20 mg (39 cases) atorvastatin group with 3 days of treatment. Before and after the treatment, the plasma levels of Fg and lipids were detected.Results The treatment of 10 mg atorvastatin did not significantly decrease the level of Fg. Compared to the control group, the level of Fg was markedly reduced by 20 mg atorvastatin (21.6% vs 3.2%,P< 0.05). No changes of lipid levels were observed in any group before and after the treatment, whilst there was no relation between the decreasing percentage of Fg and that of TC(r = 0.125 ,P= 0.618), TG(r = 0.147,P = 0.573) or LDL- C (r = -0.279, P = 0.235 ), HDL-C (r = -0.021, P = 0.157). Conclusion Treatment with high dose atorvastatin (20 mg) for 3 days could reduce the level of Fg, and improve the function of vascular endothehum,which may promote the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaque.

Key words:
Brain infarction;  Antilipemic agents;  Atorvastatin;  Fibrinogen


th -13 th , 2012 - Palermo (Italy) The contribution to the development of biogeography and evolutionary biology offered by investigations on insular floras and faunas is briefly reviewed. Implications of the dynamic nature of insular biota for faunistic and floristic research are stressed. allopatric speciation; chronogeonemy; dispersal; island biota; vicariance.


—Conventional Japanese dependency parsing methods are primarily based on the bi-nominal model between phrases, which has a limitation related to the order of phrases. Accord- ingly, the length of a phrase, which depends on the language dependency, is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel dependency parsing method for Japanese based on an extended hierarchical language model simulated by the hierarchical Pitman-Yor process in order to overcome the abovementioned limitation. We also evaluate the accuracy of the proposed dependency parsing method as well as its practicality to detect the topics of each document. Experimental results show that the proposed method can parse dependencies in long, complex sentences and can allocate topics to each document relatively well compared with the conventional method. Consequently, it can be said that the proposed method is feasible in the research fields of both Japanese dependency parsing and topic modeling.


Flexural tests to failure were made on 2- by 4-inch and 2-by 6-inch lumber obtained from a 19-year-old loblolly pine plantation stand with 8- by 8-foot original spacing. The results indicate that the percent compliance of the tested pieces to required design flexural stiffness E is only 10 percent and the compliance to required flexural strength F b is 70.5 percent. Implications of this study are that sawmills should examine the age of logs before processing them and avoid producing lumber from plantation sawlogs 19 years old or younger.


Abstract In recent years, China has been experimenting with inclusionary housing to develop affordable housing and promote mixed living in cities. There is thus an urgent need to understand residents' preferences and public support for inclusionary housing, which is important not only for the design and implementation of inclusionary housing but also for political legitimacy and social stability. This study developed a conceptual framework to understand public support for inclusionary housing. Hypotheses derived from the self-interest, ideology and institutional setup theses were then developed. A two-level mixed effect logit model was also conducted using data from a 2013 survey in Jiangsu Province. Results indicated that most people preferred inclusionary housing to concentrated low-income housing; all three theses were supported to some degree. People of lower socioeconomic status, recipients of housing subsidies, and those living in cities with significant low-income housing coverage rates were more likely to support inclusionary housing. On the other hand, migrants were less likely to support this measure. The effectiveness of inclusionary housing was also discussed and policy recommendations were provided.


This paper explores the role that vocational education and training (VET) can play in Southern African responses to major socio‐economic challenges. It argues that this role will be most pronounced if it is articulated within a broader educational and economic vision that is shared by a range of stakeholders in society and supported by an adequate funding base, effective information systems and qualified and motivated planners and implementers. However, it cautions that it is also important to remember that VET reform will not in itself transform economies or societies. The paper argues that there is considerable convergence within Southern Africa around 10 themes of VET reform. It argues that there is much that is of merit in the current broad package for VET transformation but that it is essential that it is carefully critiqued and that elements are adapted to national circumstances and visions.


Superconducting Bi‐Sr‐Ca‐Cu‐O films have been fabricated by rf magnetron sputtering using single mixed Bi2O3‐SrF2‐CaF2‐CuO targets. Uniform, reproducible films were formed on SrTiO3 substrates with zero resistance as high as 78 K. Grain morphology and orientation were affected by annealing temperature and the F content of the films. The final films showed excellent environmental and mechanical stability.


A project to import a large amount of liquid hydrogen (LH2) from Australia by a cargo carrier, which is equipped with two 1250 m3 tanks, is underway in Japan. It is important to understand sloshing and boil-off characteristics inside the LH2 tank during marine transportation. However, the LH2 sloshing and boil-off characteristics on the sea have not yet been clarified. First experiment on the LH2 transportation of 20 liter with magnesium diboride (MgB2) level sensors by the training ship "Fukae-maru", which has 50 m long and 449 ton gross weight, was carried out successfully inside Osaka bay on February 2, 2017. In the experiment, synchronous measurements of liquid level, temperature, pressure, ship motions, and accelerations as well as the rapid depressurization test were done. The increase rate of the temperature and the pressure inside the LH2 tank were discussed under the rolling and the pitching conditions.


In this article a new tool for flutter clearance is presented and a preliminary assessment of its capabilities undertaken. It is intended to be complementary to other approaches. The method is based on quantifying the change in the shape of the decay envelope associated with control pulse responses or impulse response functions. An indication of overall stability is obtained without curve fitting by way of a shape parameter which cjuickly shows whether there has been any significant change since the last test point. In addition, the envelope functions can be overlayed from different speeds. The method is illustrated with data from a simulated aeroelastic model of a multiengined transport aircraft, and the effects of turbulence are considered. Finally, the method is successfully applied to real flight test data.


Abstract : Pilots of vertical landing vehicles face numerous control challenges which often involve the loss of outside visual perceptual cues or the control of flight parameters within tight constraints. These challenges are often associated with a high mental workload, therefore, a precision landing aid that addresses and helps to mitigate these challenges, and reduce mental workload is needed. To address this need, a cognitive task analysis identified specific situation awareness requirements for the design of a vertical landing aid in order to reduce the mental steps required during a vertical landing. From these requirements, a new vertical landing decision aid, known as the Vertical Altitude and Velocity Indicator (VAVI) was designed, which displays altitude and vertical speed information in an integrated form including the display of flight parameter safety constraints. The display instrument takes advantage of direct-perception interaction by leveraging ecological perception and emergent features to provide quick perception and comprehension of critical flight parameters in an integrated fashion.


This symposiumwasheld inTrento, Italy, on June19–21, 2014, and was focused on advances in biology, physiology, and pathology of neoplasms affected by hormones, especially breast and prostate cancers. The stem cell function, the genetic and epigenetic interactions with hormones, themechanisms of estrogen receptor transcription, biochemical markers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer, promotion of breast cancer carcinogenesis by progesterone, the basis for prostate cancer progression and the relevance of DNA repair processes, androgen receptor programming during prostate carcinogenesis, the metabolic stress role in tumor survival, and the diagnostic use of imaging in prostate cancer were discussed. Cancer Res; 75(7); 1–4. 2015 AACR. Hans Clevers (Utrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands) gave the keynote address. He defined Lgr5þve as a Wnt target gene that drives crypts stem cells in colon cancer. Lgr5þve crypt base columnar cells generated all epithelial lineages throughout life. Lgr5þve stem cells can initiate ever-expanding crypt–villus organoids in three-dimensional (3D) culture. Intestinal cancer is initiatedbyWntpathway–activatingmutations in genes, such as APC. Deletion of APC identifies the stem cell as the cell-of-origin of adenomas. A stem cell/progenitor cell hierarchy is maintained in early stem cell–derived adenomas, lending support to the "cancer stem cell" concept. Lgr5 stem cell division occurs symmetrically. Paneth cells are CD24þ and express EGF, TGF-a,Wnt3, and the Notch ligand Dll4, all essential signals for stem-cell maintenance in culture. Coculturing of stem cells with Paneth cells improves organoid formation. Genetic removal of Paneth cells in vivo results in the concomitant loss of Lgr5 stem cells. Mechanisms of Tumor Cell Hormone Responsiveness Sohail Tovazoie (The Rockefeller University, New York, NY) indicated that small RNAs, ApoE, and LRP comprise a druggable antimetastaticmelanomanetwork. SpecificmicroRNA sets govern metastatic progression of breast cancer and melanoma. MiR199a-5p, miR-199a-3p, and miR-1908 are highly overexpressed in metastatic melanoma cells and are metastatic promoters and convergently target the secreted protein ApoE, which is a strong suppressor of melanoma invasion, endothelial recruitment, and metastatic colonization. ApoE is a secreted protein that mediates these effects through its engagement of the LRP1 receptor on melanoma cells and LRP8 receptor on endothelial cell. Transcriptional ApoE induction (through pharmacologic activation of the Liver-X nuclear hormone receptor) inhibits tumor growth, endothelial cell proliferation, and metastasis. Miguel Beato (Centre de Regulacio Genomica, Barcelona, Spain) discussed the structural dynamics in hormonal gene regulation. Breast cancer cells respond to steroid hormones by extensive changes in 4,000 genes' expression. The T47D cell response to progestins showed that the organization in nucleosomes of the DNA sequences recognized by the progesterone receptor (PR) is key for the initiation of chromatin remodeling response, which depends on PR-associated enzymatic activities. The genome division in consecutive topological association domains (TAD) contributes to coordination of hormonal responses. Repressed TADs compact in response to hormone and the interactions among their genes decrease, whereas activated TADs expand and the interactions among their genes increase. These findings underline the importance of the various chromatin structure levels for gene regulation and lead to the proposal that TADs behave as "regulons" in the cell response to external signals. Hormonal Signaling in Breast Cancer Myles Brown (Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA) outlined the genetic and epigenetic determinations of hormone dependence. Specific drugs targeting the enzymes responsible for steroid synthesis and the steroid receptors and the development of the estrogen receptor (ER) led to the first breast cancer predictive biomarker and the first molecularly defined therapeutic target. ER mutations can explain resistance to endocrine therapy in 20% of patients with advanced disease. These mutations activate the receptor in the absence of hormone and make it resistant to existing antagonists. They support the conclusion that the tumor-initiating cell is ER dependent. Mutations in other components of hormone signaling have not yet been validated as mechanisms of endocrine resistance. Genetic mechanisms of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Rome, Italy. Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. Central Clinical Research, Freiburg University Medical Center, Freiburg, Germany. CorrespondingAuthor: EnricoMihich, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02115-5450. Phone: 716-316-7782; Fax: 617-582-8550; E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2902 2015 American Association for Cancer Research. Cancer Research www.aacrjournals.org OF1 Research. on April 28, 2017. © 2015 American Association for Cancer cancerres.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from Published OnlineFirst March 18, 2015; DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-14-2902


Reading difficulties are more difficult to remediate as children age (Good, Simmons, & Smith, 1998). As a result, schools are offering more early literacy interventions to students at risk for reading difficulties, an initiative commonly referred to as Response to Intervention (RtI; Howell, Patton, & Deiotte, 2008). Early literacy intervention programs commonly focus on developing early literacy skills including phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge, and beginning alphabet principle (Adams, 1990).


disease affecting older age groups. In recent years, however, type 2 diabetes has become increasingly common in children, adolescents and young adults, particularly associated with obesity and in ethnic minority groups. In this article we discuss the rising prevalence of young type 2 diabetes and the mounting evidence for poor outcomes in this group. We also highlight the need for evidence-based strategies to optimally manage these high-risk patients.


We documented temporal (2009–2013) and spatial [river kilometre (rkm) 8–rkm 196] patterns of parasitic fungal infections on diatoms in the lower Columbia River, as evidenced by the presence of sporangia attached to diatom frustules. Multiple diatom species were infected by zoosporic fungi ('chytrids') throughout the year, with a maximum infection prevalence (Iₚ) among large diatoms of 36% in spring 2011. At a fixed site at rkm 85, up to 30–45% of the population of Asterionella formosa, the dominant spring diatom, was infected each year during the spring (2010–2013). During this time, high Iₚ was associated with high host density, low precipitation and low orthophosphate concentrations. Parasite load – the number of sporangia per infected diatom cell, also referred to as the mean intensity of infection, I¯ – increased with infection prevalence, but the population average never exceed two parasites per host. Net growth rates of chytrid populations exceeded those of A. formosa host diatoms in the spring under low‐flow conditions. In spring 2013, the prevalence of infection increased from 35 to 78% and the parasite load increased from 1.5 to 2.2 along a downstream transect, suggesting that zoospores were actively infecting hosts in situ and not simply transported allochthonously. The estimated loss of organic carbon associated with diatoms via the parasitic pathway was greatest in spring (averaging c. 10%), with a peak of c. 85 μg carbon L⁻¹ (c. 45% of total large‐diatom carbon) lost from the diatom carbon pool to parasitism in May 2011. Parasites of microalgae may actively shape aquatic food webs within systems like the Columbia River by increasing the availability of large‐diatom carbon to higher trophic levels, thus decreasing downstream export losses to the estuary and coastal ocean.


1
Circumstantial evidence suggests that the ability of the host to prevent the uptake of iron by pathogenic bacteria may constitute an important means of defence. A detailed biochemical study of the way antisera exert their antibacterial effects and the possible involvement of iron has now been initiated.

2
Work with Pasteurella septica antiserum has revealed a totally unsuspected way in which antiserum and complement exert their antibacterial effects. The process is very quick and specific and results in the cessation of bacterial multiplication; cells in stasis then appear to be killed by the operation of a secondary event. The inhibitory process operates by affecting the biochemistry of the bacterial cell leading first to an inhibition of net RNA synthesis and then to an inhibition of all macromolecular synthesis.

3
The presence of free iron in the serum did not prevent the initiation of the inhibition but it did allow macromolecular synthesis, cell multiplication and rapid growth to be resumed later. In contrast, the presence of haematin in the serum allowed the cells to continue multiplying in the presence of antiserum without delay. Addition of haematin to bacteria which had been inhibited by antiserum restored net RNA synthesis immediately. Net protein synthesis and multiplication were restarted within 15–20 min and DNA synthesis in 40 min.


The discovery of the anti-herbivore properties of Neotyphodium endophytes, most of the available literature suggests that these endophytic fungi are plant defensive mutualists, and ecologists have readily extrapolated it to all endophyte-plant interactions (Breen 1994, Clay 1990). The current understanding of the mutualistic nature of endophytes is, how ever, dominated by studies of a few cultivars of two introduced and selectively bred agri cultural grass species, tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) using non-native vertebrate grazers or herbivorous insects. Many other grass spe cies harboring the Neotyphodium endophytes are shown either not to produce mycotoxins or composition of produced mycotoxins varies (Siegel et, ai., 1990). Thus we propose that plant-endophyte interactions might be much more complex in native grasses under natural conditions than in the agricultural arena of selectively-bred, non-native pasture grasses de scribed in past studies. Our objectives were to examine the role of Neotyphodium endophyte in the interac tions between Arizona fescue (Festuca arizonica) and several species generalist inverte brate and vertebrate herbivores. Arizona fescue is a widespread, native bunchgrass in semi-arid arid open woods dominated by Ponderosa pie (Pinus ponderosa) in the South western USA where mammalian grazing is intensive.


Nowadays, Internet of Things (IoT) applications have expanded to include smart cities, agriculture, e-health, industry, smart transport, etc. This large number of sensors and widespread applications will generate huge amounts of data that requires processing for analysis and decision-making. Therefore, considering the cloud computing model for the processing of IoT tasks with loose deadlines that do not require hard-real time processing can be an option. Generally, offloading tasks to the cloud will entail costs that must be optimized and reduced by intelligent mechanisms. Consequently, considering cloud computing instances with dynamic pricing referred to as spot instances can significantly reduce the processing costs. Although, these instances offer a considerable price saving compared to on-demand instances, they can be evicted by the cloud providers which poses a scheduling challenge. In this paper, we propose a dynamic scheduling method for IoT task offloading on Amazon EC2 spot instances. The proposed method considers the task's predicted execution time and deadline to specify tasks that can be mapped on spot instances. The experimental results denote that the proposed method leads to a considerable reduction in the execution costs while increasing the number of successful tasks executed before the deadline and decreasing task turnaround time.


Recent studies have highlighted the high prevalence of back pain that exists among schoolchildren. Community based studies of back pain in childhood indicated that low back pain does have a relatively high prevalence during school years which varies from country to country. Numerous aspects of the school environment may hinder the effective functioning of children due to pain and musculoskeletal discomfort (MSD). Children spend more than a quarter of a day in school, mostly sitting in the classroom. The design of the classroom, especially the chairs and desks influences the posture of schoolchildren. The traditional desk and chair design may not fit the varying sizes of the students. A study was conducted to evaluate the ergonomics risk factors for schoolchildren aged 712 years old through a questionnaire survey. The anthropometry measurements of the school children were also taken to evaluate the fit between the school furniture and their body dimensions. The dimensions of the current school furniture were also measured and a subjective comfort evaluation was made. Two different primary school locations were chosen for the survey. Among the 467 students surveyed, 275 complained that they experience body ache while studying. The anthropometry measurements were taken from 144 students (72 males and 72 females). To identify the degree of discomfort, the fit between the anthropometry data of the student and the current furniture (chair and desk) were modeled using CATIA V5 R14. A RULA analysis of the posture showed that postural stress is severe among the students. The study also found that seat height and desk height were not suitable for the 5 th %ile. Since the furniture used is the same for all ages, different furniture designs were required to prevent MSDs and injuries to the neck and back, especially for the seven and eight yearold schoolchildren.


The present study examines social history of the Graeco-Arabic translation movement from the perspective of the Christian communities that participated in it. Special attention is given to Melkite and Nestorian translators active in ʿAbbāsid Baghdad – from the late eighth-century Melkite translator al-Biṭrīq to the famous ninth-century Nestorian translator Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq – and to the complex interactions between Melkites and Nestorians, which involved both competition and scholarly collaboration.


The influence of spatial density of a priori geological and geophysical data on the geological adequacy of earth model obtained as a result of solving the inverse problem of gravity prospecting is being investigated using case histories of Russkie-Komarovzi and Solotvino gas fields of the Trans-Carpathian depression. The results of analysis made confirm stability of solving geophysical inversion in criteria setting.


Little is known about the microscopic anatomy of the common bile duct epithelium in vertebrates; in rodents only a few investigations have been carried out using the techniques of histology (Cohen, 1964), histochemistry (McMinn & Kugler, 1961) and electron microscopy (Riches & Palfrey, 1966). The common bile duct is a part of the biliary tree presumed to contain bile of varying chemical composition; McMinn & Kugler (1961) have described different histochemical reactions of the common bile duct epithelia in rodents which have (mouse, hamster) or lack (rat) a gall bladder. In this study the ultrastructure of the common bile duct epithelium has been studied in the rat, mouse and hamster, and following the report of McMinn and Kugler particular attention has been paid to the ultrastructural differences between the epithelia of the rat and the other two rodent species.


Objective: To summarize the experience on diagnosis and treatment for 42 cases of brain abscess and study the curative effect.Methods: Among 42 cases of brain abscess 15 cases were treated with stereotaxic puncture,catheterization and drainage,12 cases were treated with drilling,catheterization and drainage,15 cases were treated with excision of brain abscess.Results: 40 cases were cured,severe disability happened to 1 case,and 1 cases was dead.Conclusion: The technique of stereotaxic puncture,catheterization and drainage guided by CT possesses the merits of less damage,simple manipulation,accurate location,safety and reliability.


RSK Environment Ltd commissioned OA North on behalf of PE Jones (Contractors) Ltd, to undertake an archaeological watching brief during groundworks associated with the installation of major services ahead of housing development on land off St Anne's Lane, Nantwich, Cheshire East.

The watching brief showed the area to comprise made ground overlying a deep deposit of black waterlogged material, probably representing a prolonged series of floods dating from the Roman to the post-medieval period. This overlay natural clay and sand into which archaeological features of medieval, and potentially Roman date had been cut.


ABSTRACT. In order to evaluate after birth the changes in circulating vitamin D metabolite levels in preterm babies supplemented with vitamin D (2100 I. U./d), the serum concentration of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D [25‐OHD] and 1 α,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D [1, 25(OH)2D] were measured in 22 infants (31 to 35 weeks of gestation) from birth up to 96 hours of age. Compared to cord blood levels, serum calcium decreased significantly during the first 24 hours of life (p<0.005) and remained low until day 4. Serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels increased from birth to 24 hours and then plateaued. The 25‐OHD levels at birth were 27.5±2.5 nmol/l and increased to 67.5±12.5 nmol/l (p<0.005) during the four days of the study. During the same period, the 1, 25(OH)2D serum levels increased steadily from 84<7 to 343<105 pmol/l (p<0.005). At all times, there was a positive correlation between 25‐OHD levels and those of 1, 25(OH)2D. Our data demonstrate that in preterm infants after 31 weeks of gestation, absorption and activation of vitamin D is present as soon as 24 hours after birth and that early neonatal hypocalcemia is unlikely to be caused by an impairment of either PTH secretion or vitamin D activation.


This paper descibes a case of recurrent pneumothorax two months after a thoracoscopic bullectomy for spontaneous pneumothorax which needed another bullectomy. A 25-year-old man was seen at the male visited our hospital because of right chest pain and was admitted with a diagnosis of right spontaneous pneumothorax. We successfully performed a thoracoscopic bullectomy and the patient was discharged from the hospital. However, on the 67th postoperative day, the patient was re-admitted because of recurrent pneumothorax, and on the 77nd postoperative day, we performed another bullectomy via axillary thoracotomy. At the re-operation, one bulla measuring about 1.5 cm which was located from near the staples of th first operation was found to be ruptured. It is thought that a major cause of such a recurrent case is oversight of bullae and neoplasms or their enlargement. Mechanisms and causes of recurrent pneumothorax should be further investigated.


Engineering Education, a knowledge area which is in constant evolution, increasingly requires the appropriate implementation and management of educational processes to the actual context of constant changes. Training go-ahead and creative individuals relies on pedagogic interventions that can renew ways of teaching and learning. Thus, the present work presents results of an investigation on the development of competences with the use of an active methodology of learning. The research was developed with a group of students enrolled in an engineering course's Hygiene and Industrial Safety subject, and the results are presented in this work. It is needed to review pedagogical practices and at the same time use available technological resources in order to bring about a revolution in a favour of a broader base of scientific and technological knowledge.


This paper presents a new multi-hop routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks. Each sensor node makes a local decision to forward or drop a packet, via a forwarding probability, either static or dynamic. This probability can be associated with local information such as residual energy of the node, packet properties, in order to optimize network performance. The direction of forwarding is guided by received signal strength indication (RSSI) relative to the sink node. Moreover, based on the characteristic of wireless communication that all packets are broadcast at the radio level, an implicit ARQ mechanism, where a receiver does not send an ACK frame explicitly to the sender, is adopted in our method. RSSI guided direction, probability based forwarding and implicit ARQ are three key points of this algorithm. The proposed algorithm reaches a good compromise between the successful delivery rate and work nodes. At last, computer simulations illustrate its


Biofunctional textiles are materials with new properties and added value. In this work, emphasis was placed on the release capacity of the active principle (caffeine) from the formulation or from the biofunctional textile. In addition, a new in vitro methodology of percutaneous absorption was designed to demonstrate the delivery of encapsulated caffeine from the biofunctional textile to the different skin layers. In the first step, permeation studies through a nylon membrane were performed and the release capacity of caffeine present in the samples was quantified. In the second step, it was possible to detect the presence of caffeine in the different layers of the skin, while maintaining a close contact between the biofunctional textile and the skin by using pressure during the percutaneous absorption test. The new system is satisfactory for measuring the pass of the active principle from the biofunctional textile to the different skin layers.


Side jet thruster with nozzle closure separation unit has trajectory shift function of a rocket. Side jet thruster with nozzle closure separation unit has been designed to connect several nozzles in the circumferential direction to a combustion case. Side jet thruster separate a few nozzle closures at in the opposite direction of the trajectory shift to generate side jet thrust on the rocket. And, Side jet thruster separate a few nozzle closures in the opposite direction of the opened nozzle, for remove the side jet thrust.


The breakage and particle size redistributions in an ultrasound-intensified leaching process were explored experimentally and analyzed statistically. It was found that particle size distributions (PSDs) of this atomic crystal silica may be changed to a certain extent by ultrasound, but the width of PSD cannot be altered under the conditions considered. Chemical reactions played an important reciprocal causality to the breakage and the particle size redistributions, and the contribution was about a half on the mean particle size. The most severe breakup happened at the maximum volume percentage of PSD rather than in the region of the largest particle size end. The ability of conventional stirring to break the silica particles may be larger as expected when the same power was used. The morphology of the silica particles verified that the change before and after leaching is small.


In this paper we demonstrate the applicability of engineering control theory to modelling attentional control over motor actions. We draw support for this approach from recent global brain imaging experiments that report the existence of a distinct attentional control network, sited in prefrontal and parietal cortical areas. This network is also suggested to comprise dissociable components dedicated to different modalities of attention (e.g. visual, motor). Based on these findings, a control model is developed which is employed to account for experimental data documented in visuo-motor tasks and, in particular, the reaction times recorded therein.


A series of benzyloxybenzaldehyde derivatives were prepared and tested against the HL-60 cell line for anticancer activity. Preliminary structure-activity relationships were established. It was discovered that 2-(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde (17), 2-(benzyloxy)-4-methoxybenzaldehyde (26), 2-(benzyloxy)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (27), 2-(benzyloxy)-5-chlorobenzaldehyde (28), 2-[(3-methoxybenzyl)oxy]benzaldehyde (29), 2-[(2-chlorobenzyl)oxy]benzaldehyde (30), and 2-[(4-chlorobenzyl)oxy]benzaldehyde (31) exhibited significant activity at 1-10μM. Among them, compound 29 was the most potent one. The morphological assessment and DNA fragmentation analysis indicated that these compounds arrested cell cycle progression at G2/M phase and induced cell apoptosis. They resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential after 12 h of treatment.


As a result of feedback from massive stars, via their intense winds and/or supernova explosions, massive star-forming regions are entirely filled with hot, X-ray emitting plasmas, which escape into the ambient ISM. As shown recently by Townsley et al. for several "extreme" cases (Carina, M17, NGC 3576, NGC 3603, 30 Dor), by way of large Chandra ACIS mosaics, extra, non-thermal emission lines are present on top of the standard lines emitted by hot plasmas. Some of them are very close to lines characteristic of charge-exchange reactions between the hot plasma and the cold surrounding material, suggesting that this mechanism operates on large spatial scales (several 10 pc) in star-forming regions in general. The connection with starburst galaxies is briefly mentioned, and it is pointed out that supernovae interacting with molecular clouds may also provide a good environment to look for charge exchange processes (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Changes in the free‐running period of an endogenous rhythm have been estimated using a modified correlogram technique in which the time series is adjusted by the addition or removal of one or more data points. Each set of adjusted data is subjected to autocorrelation analysis, and the resulting correlograms compared to determine the degree of adjustment which gives the best correlation. The sensitivity of the technique is determined by the frequency of data points.


The sources of radioactivity in the environment have both natural and man made origins. The UNSCEAR has reported that the human exposure to radiation is mainly from natural sources(1). These sources may in turn be grouped into two distinct components, namely the sources of both terrestrial and extraterrestrial origins responsible for the external exposure, and the radionuclides taken into the human body through food, water and air particulate which give rise to the internal exposure. Radium is one of the most important alpha emitting radionuclides in the uranium-238 decay chain, and is retained primarily in bone, due to metabolic similarities to calcium. The effective dose resulting from radium intake in normal area is found to be 3.8 |μ |Sv y-1 for 226Ra(2). Also, there is increasingly significant contribution from man-made sources. Two obvious examples are the Windsclae and the Chernobyl reactor accidents on 1957 and 1986. The release of radionuclides into the environment can result in contamination of food. Cs is intercepted directly on vegetation surfaces during dry and wet deposition in the early stage after an accident. Cs is then transferred in to the soil with the highest soil to plant uptake in areas with high organic or sandy soils (3). The present study was carried out to measure Ra and Cs activity levels in tea leave samples and drinking tea due the fact that acknowledge of the contribution of the contamination of tea leaves and process of food transfer can improve the understanding of exposure through ingestion of radionuclides.


A growing empirical literature has shown that funds managers can he classified by their investment style and that this classification is useful in predicting performance. Brown and Goetzmann (1997) created a generalized style classification (GSC) technology that has been used in various studies to decide what funds managers belong to what styles. The GSC technology relies on k-means clustering to group fund manager returns into styles. Since the GSC technology relies on k-means clustering, the number of styles must be known a priori. Conventional techniques can be used to estimate the number of groups/style but they are dependent on various unrealistic assumptions. A new method to estimate the number of styles, first proposed by Tibshirani, Walther, and Hastie, (2000), known as the Gap statistic is adapted to the GSC technology. The approach is used to verify the number of styles in Japanese mutual funds data.


New models of Unnamed Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are developed on a daily basis and applied to several tasks, such as mapping terrains and surveillance. GPS sensors are usually the main source of information to estimate the robot position, however, a downside of these sensors is that a minimum number of satellites must be available and emitting high quality signals. A vision-based system can be used to overcome this problem by using a robot embedded camera and satellite images as maps. Computational vision systems estimate the UAV localization through the comparison between the robot extracted image and several parts of the satellite image. These comparisons are performed in order to localize the part of the map which is most similar to the robot perspective. Taking into account all this information, we propose BRIEF descriptor variation, called abBRIEF, to be used on a novel observation model, also proposed in this master thesis. An observation model is responsible for evaluate how similar the robot measurements and the different map parts are. The used descriptor must run fast, consume low computational resources and be robust regarding image changes, all to compensate the large number of necessary comparisons. The proposed model is applied with Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) method to the auto localization of UAVs and presented solid results that corroborate the model and descriptor efficiency.


The support arrangement is one of the important factors in the design of piping systems. Much time is required to decide the arrangement of the supports. We applied a genetic algorithm to find the optimum support arrangement for piping systems. Examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the genetic algorithm. Good results are obtained when applying the genetic algorithm to the actual designing of the piping system.


In recent years, the earthquake proof technology has been applied to seismic mitigation of structures including buildings, bridges, etc. The bridge system possesses large degree of freedoms, and nonlinear characteristics when structural control devices are involved. Therefore, the analysis for a bridge with nonlinear devices will be time consuming. In this study, a piecewise exact solution for a bridge isolated with sliding type isolators has been derived to simplify the analysis process. In this study, the system is modeled as two degrees of freedom to reasonably represent a large number of degrees of freedom of a bridge with sliding type isolators for obtaining a piecewise exact solution for the system response during earthquakes. In the meantime, the NSAT (Nonlinear Stress Analysis Techniques) computer program has also been used to analyze the response of the bridge with sliding type isolators. By comparing the results from the piecewise exact solution and the NSAT computer program, it can be found that the piecewise exact solution not only simplifies the calculation process, but also obtains the seismic responses of the isolated bridge with good accuracy under earthquakes.Copyright © 2007 by ASME


The discharge of inorganic salts contained in the effluent of the dyeing of cotton using reactive dyes to the public environment has been under scrutiny. In the present investigation the flocculant polydimethyldiallyl ammonium chloride and an anion resin coded by D301 were employed for the purification of the exhausted bath discharged from the dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics using reactive dyes. Through the purification presented the exhausted bath is transferred to the concentrated inorganic salt solution and then reused in the next batch of dyeing. The process consists of the exhausted bath collection, precipitation formation by means of the flocculation and resin adsorption. The results indicated that the concentrated inorganic salt solution is suitable for all the reactive dyes employed in the dyeing of cotton. The K/S values, color evenness and color fastness properties of the dyed fabrics using the inorganic salt solution are basically the same as those using distilled water. The results also indicate that 72.0% of water and 71.1% of inorganic salt used for the dyeing can be saved when the inorganic solution is recycled four times, which means that the amount of the inorganic salt discharge to the environment can be reduced by 71.1%.


Pharmacognosy Research | April-June 2014 | Vol 6 | Issue 2 Sir, Morus alba (locally known as Tut, commonly known as white mulberry, Family: Moraceae) has been domesticated over thousands of years and adapted to many continents of Asia, Europe, North and South America and Africa with tropical, subtropical and temperate zones. As per Ayurveda, all parts of M. alba are medicinally important. In folk medicine, the plant is reportedly used in treating epileptic convulsions, mental illness, insomnia and hemicranias.[1] Number of active phytochemical constituents such as alkaloids,[2] flavonoids,[3] glycosides,[4,5] terpenoids,[6] steroids,[7] volatile oils, tannins,[8] has been reported from different parts of the plant. On the basis of reported traditional uses, we undertook the present study to determine the anticonvulsant activity of M. alba by using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and maximal electroshock (MES) ‐ induced convulsion models in rats. M. alba leaves were collected at the Campus of Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun. The plants were identified and authenticated by Dr. Imran Kazmi, Department of Pharmacognosy, Siddhartha Institute of Pharmacy, Dehradun. After collection, the plant leaves which were air‐dried under shade were pulverized using a mechanical grinder. Methanol/water (1:1) solvent was used for the extraction of the air‐dried pulverized leaves (100 g) to obtain methanolic extract of M. alba (MEMA).


Transient depolarizations (TDs) appeared in canine Purkinje tissue but not in cardiac muscle during exposure to 1–2 × 10−7 g/ml of acetylstrophanthidin. At low levels of toxicity, the TDs were associated with a decrease in threshold and an increase in automaticity. As intoxication progressed, the TDs coincided with transient periods of increased threshold and conduction block. Propagation from muscle to Purkinje tissue was blocked during, but not before or after, the crest of the TDs. As a result of the interaction between temporal and spatial (electrotonic) factors, various patterns of block, including unidirectional block, were observed. At moderate frequencies 2:1 block was demonstrated, but at faster rates 1:1 transmission occurred. At a later stage of toxicity, repetitive stimulation led to progressive depolarization in Purkinje tissue followed by a period of block during which slow repolarization eventually restored excitability and conductivity. In the whole heart, conduction block could permit reentry and could be responsible for the ultimate transition from ventricular tachycardia to ventricular fibrillation.