I have been honoured to chair the program committee (PC) of the 41st European Physical Society (EPS) Conference on Plasma Physics and to act as a guest editor for this special issue of Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion featuring peer-reviewed papers by the plenary and invited speakers of the conference. The 41st EPS Plasma Physics conference, hosted by the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, took place in the Berlin Congress Center, located at the famous Alexanderplatz in the centre of Berlin. The dedicated work of the local organizing committee, chaired by Professor Thomas Klinger, resulted in five flawless conference days. The event attracted 649 delegates from 40 countries. Over the last months of program preparation, I interacted closely with the conference secretary, Beate Kemnitz, and Matthias Hirsch who was responsible for the website, to whom I would like to express my gratitude for our efficient collaboration. The PC paid close attention to the nominations made via the online open forum, which provided a valuable input of 350 suggestions from the plasma physics community. The PC also received and accommodated recommendations from the American and Japanese Physical Societies. Following the EPS plasma physics division board request, a particular goal of the EPS 2014 program was to increase the participation in the typically under-represented lowtemperature and dusty plasmas (LTDP) and basic and astrophysical plasmas (BAP) sessions. This was facilitated by joined sessions, which nurtured productive interactions between these plasma communities. Judging from the high attendance numbers, both the joined and special 'kinetics' sessions have received much interest from the participants. The PC has also recognized that a significant part of the delegates belong to the magnetic confinement fusion (MCF) community and that this has to be reflected in the number of talks allocated to the MCF session. To that end, the schedule has been arranged to accommodate parallel MCF talks. Composing a program echoing the interdisciplinary character of the conference was undoubtedly made possible thanks to the enthusiasm of the four sub-chairs, Paola Mantica (MCF), Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix (beam-plasma and inertial fusion; BPIF), Robert Bingham (BAP) and Giorgio Dilecce (LTDP), to collaborate and to search for a compromise in pursuing the common goal. The submission and on-line proceedings system has been operated as smoothly as ever under the command of Boudewijn van Milligen, whose persistent 'behind-the-scenes' labor and attention have been vital to the work of the PC. It is my sincere hope that the readers will find the present volume, which gathers contributions reflecting various aspects of contemporary plasma physics, stimulating and worth their attention.


The results of the analysis of probabilistic methods that are used to assess the deformed state of the foundations of engineering structures are presented. A finite element analysis of the stress-strain state of the "man made soil ground – foundation – structure" system was carried out. A method for probabilistic calculation using the finite element method is proposed. On a real example, the level of reliability of a design decision based on a deterministic calculation is estimated by probabilistic calculation. On the basis of the statistic data obtained by imitational modeling, the probability of failure and no-failure operation of the structure regarding the absolute value of settlement and regarding the value of tilt against the reinforcement ratio of soft soil grounds settlements was determined. The probability of failure regarding the value of tilt against the reinforcement ratio was taken (15 to 25%), which is 0.03 – 0.05.


Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a constellation of metabolic irregularities comprising dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, chronic inflammatory, and hypercoagulable state predisposing to diabetes and cardiovascular events. Statins are first‐line drugs to treat the associated atherogenic dyslipidemia.


The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment records data from proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) to measure properties of, and probe physics beyond, the Standard Model. The LHC High Luminosity upgrade will increase the number of instantaneous proton-proton collisions. The number of collisions per bunch crossing (pileup) will increase by one order of magnitude, posing an experimental challenge when trying to resolve the collision vertices. The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) is used to detect the energy of electrons and photons flying off from the collision. A possible solution to pileup obfuscation is to equip the new ECAL generation with precision timing capabilities. CMS has proposed a silicon-based High Granularity Calorimeter (HGC) to upgrade its current endcap ECAL. Each HGC layer has a hexagonal honeycomb lattice of pixel detectors. We present results from impinging 8-32 GeV electrons at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility using dedicated timing layers identical to the proposed CMS HGC but with an electronic readout capable of resolving time resolutions below 5 ps. When impinging 32 GeV electrons, we measure the device time resolution to be less than 15 ps and approximately 11 ps when combined with a similar layer positioned further down the beam line.


Constitutional issues are once again being considered from sociological and political perspectives, after many years of strictly juridical approaches. This renewed interest stems from both theoretical and practical concerns, raised by the multiplication of liberalisation and democratisation processes around the globe, as well as from the need to update and deepen the democratic content of stable democracies.


Following a recently developed methodology, the location of the nodes and anti-nodes of a complicated structure can be determined by attaching a virtual element (a lumped mass or grounded spring) to the system of interest and analysing the free vibration of this combined system as a function of the location of the virtual element. The system of an axially vibrating elastic rod carrying a mass in-span has been investigated as an example via the virtual mass approach. In the present study, the virtual spring approach is applied to the same system in order to verify the results of this method.


Maternal drinking during pregnancy can result in a wide spectrum of cognitive and behavioral abnormalities termed fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). The heterogeneity observed in FASD-related phenotypes can be attributed to a number of environmental and genetic factors; however, ethanol dose and timing of exposure may have significant influences. Here, we report the behavioral effects of acute, binge-like ethanol exposure at three neurodevelopmental times corresponding to the first, second, and third trimester of human development in C57BL/6J mice. Results show that developmental ethanol exposure consistently delays the development of basic motor skill reflexes and coordination as well as impairs spatial learning and memory. Observed changes in activity and anxiety-related behaviors, however, appear to be dependent on timing of alcohol exposure. The variability in behaviors between different treatment models suggests that these may be useful in evaluating the mechanisms disrupted by ethanol at specific neurodevelopmental times. The results provide further evidence that, regardless of developmental stage, the developing brain is acutely sensitive to alcohol exposure.


The importance of gut microbial metabolites has been implicated in the development of Cardiovascular Diseases
 (CVDs). One key aspect in which the gut microbiota gets involved is bile acid metabolism. This mini-review was to
 summarize how the gut microbiota-bile acid pathway contributes to CVDs and how modulating gut microbiota can
 serve as a potential therapeutic target.


After the imagination of the bad dream of the future of human-earth system, let's have a visit to a desirable 2005 of good dream. We greatly developed human-earth system science and applied the theory, methodology and technology to our practices. Most of human being is well educated for the science and at least the skill of correctly living in earth. We, humans, understand that the life-support system in the earth is very fragile and limited although earth system is huge and has a life of 4,500,000,000 years. We, humans, understand that spiritual happiness is unlimited while physical happiness grows very slow and very little if the basic needs for life are satisfied. We, humans, understand that when we overtake and overuse without any constrains the natural resources from mother earth, the human-earth system will be damaged and can't last long, and our mother earth will become aged sooner and even died at her youth. If the science and education can fulfill their missions mentioned above, we, humans, no matter in developed countries or developing countries, no matter in Europe, America or Asia and Africa, no matter being policy makers, journalists, or scientists, publics, no matter at elders, youths or childhoods, we all know that the responsibility of ourselves for maintaining a well-run human-earth system. We all can play our roles and contribute our own unique shares to keep our mother earth healthy and young. And thus, we will have a good dream – more


Cyber psychological warfare has become a major threat to national security by not only distinguishing the war and peace, but also targeting the military as well as the private sector, undermining the general will that forms the basis of Korea and society. Indeed, despite the ongoing psychological warfare by external forces such as North Korea, the cybercrime warfare organization and functions of the US military have been greatly reduced after the so-called "political commentary incident", and there is concern that the operation will be left behind. Therefore, this study tried to define the concept of cyber psychological warfare by examining the meaning of psychological warfare and adding the characteristics of cyber space. Through this, the basis of cyber psychological warfare was examined. Especially, in view of democratic principles and legal grounds, it was necessary to recognize the necessity of clearer operational grounding and control in order to carry out internal cyber psychological warfare.


The present invention relates to sediment inflow prevention apparatus of shielding collection sewer, the initial to increase the volume of sewage by rainwater, by preventing a phenomenon that the rear faces downward of the rotary shutter plate through the open stopper, lower the initial to increase the amount of water is to try to prevent from flowing into the earth and sand shield collection sewer. The present invention is provided on the discharge side of the sewer, the shielding current sewer for the lower waterway, which comprises one or more sewage inflow hole, the rotation axis transverse to the transverse direction is provided in the sewage inflow hole I that is, this rotary shaft is provided each rotating shutter plate for opening and closing the sewage inflow hole by the amount of sewage, the rear wall around and shielding collection sewer of sewage inflow holes, which are behind the rotary shaft is provided that one or more open stopper to police opening angle of said rotary closing plate, to around the front and rear of the sewage inflow hole of the rotary shaft, clamp down on the closed state of said rotary closing plate one or more horizontal maintenance stopper is provided.


A basic paradox underlies much work on economic, social, and cultural rights. At the level of theory, there is widespread recognition among experts and advocates that the obligation to progressively realize these rights 'to the maximum of a state's available resources' is at the heart of their realization. However, at the practical level – in terms of monitoring efforts, field investigations, and adjudication by courts – this key obligation has largely been sidelined, and the focus instead has been on various immediate obligations related to these rights, which are not dependent on resource availability. This article argues that while this focus has been effective in many ways, circumventing the standard of progressive realization has severely constrained the ability of the human rights movement to hold governments accountable for policies and practices that turn millions of people into victims of avoidable deprivations such as illiteracy, malnutrition, preventable diseases, and homelessness. The article then proposes a methodological toolkit to monitor the obligation of progressive realization. This toolkit has two components: (1) a basic framework of three steps, each with its own simple methods; (2) a set of more sophisticated tools that have been developed in recent years by various researchers or used by civil society organizations. These methods can be powerful tools of social change, allowing us to expand the areas of government policy that come under scrutiny and accountability and to provide objective validity to claims that often the issue is not resource availability but rather resource distribution. Admittedly, addressing issues subject to progressive realization is not easy. It requires grappling with difficult normative and policy problems related to resource constraints and trade-offs, as well as delving into data. These are not typically areas of human rights expertise. Nevertheless, the human rights movement is now mature enough to overcome these challenges.


tained during the 1st week of his illness showed a right upper lobe (RUL) infiltrate ( fig. 1 ). Treatment with levofloxacin for 10 days effected improvement of the fevers and sweats, although coughing persisted. Another radiograph 2 weeks later demonstrated worsening RUL consolidation, and another 6-day course of levofloxacin was A 47-year-old, lifelong non-smoking man presented with an 8-week history of paroxysmal non-productive cough, intermittent right-sided pleuritic chest pain, episodic fevers, and night sweats. He denied any antecedent sinus or pharyngeal symptoms, ill contacts, inhalational exposures, and foreign travel. A chest radiograph obReceived: February 6, 2009 Accepted after revision: June 3, 2009 Published online: August 12, 2009


As a basic theory and methodology for the chemical measurement, chemometerics has been applied extensively to the chemical analysis, especially to the analysis of multicomponent system with its rapidity, accuracy and convenience. The purpose of this review is to highlight the application of several multivariate calibration methods such as LS,PLS, KF and TFA according to a number of literatures.


This paper describes a driving torque distribution method for front–and-rear-wheel-independent-drivetype electric vehicles (FRID EVs) in which it is possible to get stable steering on a low friction coefficient road surface. This method is characterized by distributing driving torque to the left and right wheels of the front and rear wheels, considering not only load movement of the longitudinal direction but also load movement of the lateral direction which is generated at cornering. The load movements are estimated by detecting components of the 3-axis directions, i.e., longitudinal and lateral accelerations and yaw rate, and the steering angle and friction coefficient μ of the road surface. The effectiveness of the proposed driving torque distribution method was verified using simulators equivalent to the prototype FRID EV simulated with Matlab/Simulink and CarSim software. This method is expected to be indispensable to improving running performance of FRID EVs.


We use the Johansen cointegration approach to assess the empirical validity of the purchasing power parity (PPP) between the UK and the Euro Area, which we represent by Germany, the largest of its members. We conduct the empirical analysis in the context of the global financial crisis that began in 2007 and find that it directly affects the cointegration space. We fail to validate the Johansen and Juselius (1992) original hypothesis that nonstationarity of the PPP associates with the nonstationarity of interest rate differentials to produce a stationary relation. On the other hand, we do not reject PPP. We find that PPP cointegrates with inflation differentials. We also find, contrary to conventional wisdom, that (i) equilibrium adjustment occurs between the German and UK inflation rates, while weak exogeneity exists for the German and UK interest rates and the PPP condition, and (ii) three common trends associated with the German interest rate, the UK interest rate, and the PPP condition "push" the system with the German interest rate and the PPP condition playing dominant roles.


Abstract : This effort investigated the impact of thin film coated catalyst on fuel reforming, developed a substituted hexaaluminate combustion catalyst, and investigated its application in a compact steam reformer. Thin film coated catalyst impact on fuel reforming was investigated using catalytic cracking process. Two cracking catalysts and three reactor configurations were used to investigate both packed-bed and thin film catalyst coated reactors. For the combustion catalyst development, several substituted hexaaluminates were synthesized via a surfactant-mediated process and tested for their catalytic propane combustion activity. After calcination, catalyst surface areas were as high as 78m2/g. The best catalysts contained lanthanum, cerium, and manganese, with La(0.6)Ce(0.4)MnAl(11)O(19) representing optimum performance. A parallel plate catalytic combustion reactor was tested using the hexaaluminate catalyst in pellets and supported on FeCrAlloy metal foam. Both tests burned propane and JP-8 jet fuel with low pressure drop.


Among the many confusing ideas that surround OA is the matter of diagnosis. The current diagnosis standard, based on radiological findings, demonstrates a poor correlation between the number of individuals who have the condition and those who experience symptoms. For example, one radiological study of the knee found that while 28% of the population had the condition, only 19% had symptoms (e.g. pain, achiness, stiffness) [2]. Numerous additional studies show similar results and highlight a central issue related to the diagnosis of OA that joint structure cannot be relied upon as evidence for OA.


Long term unemployment is rather common in several European countries and is associated with growing difficulties in finding a new job due to the long period away from the labor market. In Portugal, despite the low levels of unemployment, the long-term unemployment is very common, resulting in a social and economic problem. This pattern of unemployment spells may be seem as a trap, hindering the transitions after long periods in this state, both due to the depreciation of the workers' productive skills and also because the long unemployment spells transmit a negative sign to the labor market. In response to the high unemployment figures for specific labor market groups, such as young workers, women and those aged 45 or more, European Union countries increased their spending on active labor market policies, targeting these groups. The Portuguese programs had a preventive character, aiming at increasing the employability of the long-term unemployed (the Reage program) and to act earlier on youth unemployment, preventing episodes of long-term unemployment at the beginning of their labor market career (the Inserjovem program). These programs were implemented in Portugal starting in June 1998, foreseeing interventions before Reage's participants reached 12 months of unemployment and before reaching 6 months in the case of Inserjovem targeted individuals. The goal of this paper is to determine the average effects of these programs compared to the outcome in the absence of the job search support provided by the program. This is referred to as the average treatment effect on the treated. The focus is on the direct effects of the programs; no attempt is made to assess the general equilibrium implications. With this objective in mind and the estimation issues that arise in non-experimental studies, mainly due to the problem of missing data, we apply a set of methods developed to address such settings. These methods suggest different solutions to the problem of generating conveniently designed comparison groups necessary to perform program evaluations. Given the non-experimental feature of these programs, the feasibility of any evaluation exercise depends crucially on the ability that researchers have


. Image reconstruction and recognition is a common problem found in many image processing systems. This problem can be formulated as a solution to the inverse problem. The article presents the author's model of a machine learning system that can be used for the reconstruction and recognition of images based on their linear projections. (Image Recognition and Reconstruction as Inverse Problem, Using Machine Learning System).


Nowadays, the development of human society and increase the number of industrial equipment cause to raise negative impact of air and water such as air pollution, noise impurity, water contamination and so on. Noise is generally defined as an unwanted sound or set of sounds. Noise pollution has always been a problem, but nowadays it has become a major problem. Different modes of public transit and also industrial factories lead to noise impurity. This article was carried out to select the optimum distance for a noise barrier between a residential area and an expressway in Malaysia. The data was collected during peak and off-peak time for a day. Studied parameters included the area, distance, and volume of traffic. The results show that based on Wesler Traces method can determine best position of noise barrier between these two areas.


Reliability and lifetime of LED modules depend critical from drive current and junction temperature. Transient thermal analysis (TTA) is widely used to measure the transient thermal impedance Zth and the thermal resistance Rth of LEDs to access the junction temperature. To predict the junction temperature of an LED in an application during product design and development calibratedfinite element (FE) models are required. In this paper, the correlation between simulated transient temperature data and the experimentally by TTA measured forward voltage (Vf(t)) is analysed in detail. Using a test chip, it is demonstrated that post-processing the average temperature of the junction of the FE model is the appropriate approach to correlate the simulated transient temperature data to the V/t) measurements. A FE-model for a family of white high-power LED, i.e. different number of LED dies on ceramic sub-mounts of different sizes, is developed using ANSYS and calibrated to the Zth(t) curve measured by TTA. The calibration is done in the time-domain, i.e. using the Zth(t) curve and its logarithmic time derivation b(z). The FE model is fitted to the experimental data. Due to the phosphor conversion, the heat load must be divided on the epitaxial layer (EPI) and the phosphor. The heat load distribution influences the Zth(t) curve significantly from the μs-to the ms-time range and must be considered as important parameter when fitting the simulation model. The calibration of the FE model is done using the average and the maximum temperature value of the EPI from the FE simulation. A significant difference of 20% between the thermal resistances of the thermal interface layers is obtained. The thermal performance of the thermal interfaces is significantly overestimated when using the maximum temperature for post-processing.


In this paper a simple PSpice (Personal Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) macro-model was developed, and verified for monolithic power operational amplifiers operated with a single-supply voltage. The proposed macro-model is developed using simplification and build-up techniques for macro-modeling of operational amplifiers and simulates the basic static and dynamic characteristics, including input impedance, small-signal frequency responses at various voltage gains, output power versus supply voltage, slew-rate-limiting, voltage limiting, output offset voltage versus supply voltage ripples, and output resistance. Furthermore, the macro-model also takes into account the ground reference voltage in the amplifier at a single power supply voltage. The model is implemented as a hierarchical structure suitable for the PSpice circuit simulation platform. The sub-circuit is built using standard PSpice components and analog behavioral modeling blocks. The accuracy of the model is verified by extracting the model parameters for single-supply power operational amplifier TDA2005 from ST Microelectronics as example. The effectiveness of the model is validated by comparing the simulation results of the electrical parameters with the corresponding measured values obtained by experimental testing of sample circuits. The comparative analysis shows that the relative error of the modeled large-signal parameters is less than 15%. Moreover, an error of 15% is quite acceptable, considering the technological tolerances of the electrical parameters for this type of analog ICs.


The error-correction capability and the performance of generalized minimum distance decoding based on threshold erasing is studied as a function of the number of decoding trials and of the allowable reliability values.


When the French government decided to raise the fuel taxes hundreds of thousands of Frenchmen gathered to protest around the country, and the movement of the Yellow Vests was created. As the intern ...


Introduction: The pre-ureteral vena cava anomaly, erroneously termed the retrocaval or circumcaval ureter, is a relative rare condition of extrinsic ureteral obstruction. Despite being more common on the right kidney, when present on the left side, it is usually associated with sites inverses. The laparoscopic approach, with all of its know advantages, has good results when used to treat this congenital anomaly. The present surgical video shows a ureteral transposition with ureteropyolostomy, associated with a nephroscopic calyceal calculi extraction. Case Report: A 54 years old man, with discomfort in the right flank and abdominal echography showing a pelvicalyceal dilatation of this side and a calculus of 1.5 cm in a lower calyx. An intravenous pyelogram and abdominal computed tomography showed an S-shaped (Atkinson classification) pre-ureteral vena cava, and a mid-ureteral extrinsic stricture associated with it. There were no patient pre-operative comorbities and a percutaneous nephrolithotripsy was done 4 years prior on the right kidney. In the present video, a transperitoneal laparoscopic approach was conducted, with 4 trocars. In a stepwise fashion, the ureter suband supracaval was gently dissected, sectioned near the renal pelvis, transposed, and spatulated .A ureteropyelostomy was done over a double J stent, which was placed in an antegrade manner. After the posterior wall anastomosis completed, we performed a nephroscopy through the left hand trocar and the calyceal stone was removed by percutaneous stone instrumentation. Result: The surgery lasted 240 minutes, with minimum blood loss. The diet was resumed on the first postoperative day and he was discharged home on the third postoperative day. After 8 months of follow up, the patient remains asymptomatic and his excretory urography shows good drainage of the right kidney as well a diuretic renography reveals good response following 20 minutes after furosemide intravenous administration. Furthemore, the pelvicalyceal dilatation improved and there are no subsequent calculi. Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach to circumcaval ureteral anomalies is a feasible option, with concomitant endourologic procedures possible with good results. Int Braz J Urol. 2009; 35 (Video #2): 753_4 Available at: www.brazjurol.com.br/videos/november_december_2009/Curcio_753_754video.htm Accepted: November 8, 2009 Correspondence address: Dr. Lessandro Curcio Goncalves Section of Urology Ipanema General Hospital Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil E-mail: email@example.com doi: 10.1590/S1677-553820090006000031


In this thesis.We use the Method of Double-moving reference system to analysis the motion about the cam mechanism which has an ellipse profle.So that,we can find out a method to apply to motion analysis for non-circular profile cam mechanism.


The title compound, C15H13NO2, crystallizes with four independent molecules (A, B, C and D) in the asymmetric unit. The carbazole units are almost planar [maximum deviations = 0.015 (3) for A, 0.024 (3) for B, 0.026 (3) for C and 0.046 (3) Å for D]. In all four molecules, there is an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond involving the hydroxy substituent and the carbonyl O atom of the adjacent acetyl group, which forms a six-membered ring. In the crystal, the four independent molecules are linked via N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O interactions.


As early as 1941 a positive relation of fertility and income over the trade cycle was observed. It was concluded in 1963 that other things remaining constant age-specific fertility rates vary directly with income. It was realized in the early 1970s that economic causes were not adequate to explain the high levels of fertility in less developed countries. Attempts were also made to study family income influences on couple fertility. According to a model the number of children born or surviving increases with the level of living up to a point and then with further rises in the level of living it gradually declines. Attempts have also been made to view the influence of family income on fertility from the decision making frameworks of couples. The family size threshold hypothesis has been supported pointing up the need for developing sequential models for understanding fertility behavior. Importance of cultural and other noneconomic variables has also been noted. A marital fertility determinants system consists of the following subsystems: 1) husbands demography 2) wifes labor force joining decision 3) social 4) psycho-economic 5) mortality 6) fecundability and 7) family planning. A study to discover the fertility dynamics of couples should deal with the correlations of family size ideals determinants of planned family size inputs to family size decisions and determinants of realized fertility. Indias experience with a population policy with family planning programs as its mainstay has not been altogether satisfactory but the campaign approach has done well. Studies on fertility determinants in a total systems framework will generate needed research information. What is needed ultimately is the integration of the population programs into the overall framework of economic and social development.


The Supreme Court of Canada's landmark decisions in Grant v. Torstar Corp. and Quan v. Cusson have advanced freedom of expression in Canada by giving libel defendants protection against liability for false and defamatory facts, where the publisher acted responsibly in attempting to verify information that is in the public interest. In the opinion of the authors, these decisions strengthen core values underlying freedom of expression, including the pursuit of truth and democratic discourse, by facilitating public access to information about matters of public interest. The authors describe the development of this defence. The authors observe that communications about the private lives of public officials can be expected to fall into a "grey zone" in establishing the "public interest" component of the defence. In regards to the "responsible communications" component, it is noted that the trial judge's charge to the jury will be critically important to ensure that juries do not eviscerate the defence by requiring libel defendants to satisfy each of the non-exhaustive list of factors to consider in assessing responsibility. It is the opinion of the authors tat in most cases common sense, rather than expert opinion, will be required to decide whether the diligence component of the defence has been met, and that expert opinion on the very issue that the trier of fact has to decide will be disallowed if it usurps the jury's function.


A 68-year-old female was referred for evaluation of symptomatic recurrent tachycardia, refractory to medical treatment (propafenone and sotalol). Clinical examination and transthoracic echocardiography showed no abnormality. Twelve-lead ECG was unremarkable. Electrophysiological study was performed in a nonsedated fasting state and free of medication. Three catheters were positioned with right femoral vein access: a bipolar catheter at His bundle region (His), a bipolar catheter at the right ventricular apex, and a quadripolar catheter at the high lateral right atrial (HRA) wall. During the study, incessant irregular narrow QRS tachycardia was recorded with 12-lead ECG (Fig. 1) and intracardiac recording (Fig. 2). What inferences can be made from Figures 1 and 2 with regard to the tachycardia mechanism?


A website is a collection of information or a collection of pages commonly accessed via the internet. One of them is the Healthy Living Campaign Website. This research aims to support the community in carrying out a healthy lifestyle by providing information to implement a healthy lifestyle. However, the source of information from the Healthy Living Campaign Website is said to be incomplete. For that, a maximum evaluation is needed. The research used descriptive and qualitative analysis methods. The results obtained indicate that the Healthy Living Campaign Website has advantages and disadvantages in terms of information. This result research is The Healthy Living Together Activity Website has several views in its design. It is due to several factors, such as the views that influence the design of the website. However, in general, the positive impact could be related to the information conveyed through the Healthy Living Campaign Website.


A bit recording method in ferroelectric media using a probe or conductive structure is provided to apply base bias voltage between switching voltages so as to prevent changes in potential and record a small bit. A bit recording method in ferroelectric media comprises the steps of: contacting a probe with the surface of a recording medium and applying switching voltages to the recording medium and the probe for recording bits; and equalizing the potential of the probe and the potential of the recording medium surface to prevent a potential distortion by applying base bias voltage between the switching voltages, where the base bias voltage is a voltage between the negative switch voltage and the ground voltage when recording '0' bit, and a voltage between the ground voltage and the positive switching voltage when recording '1' bit.


There is an objection filed by Shri Bichitra Chhualsingh, owner of vehicle No.ODO2J-5127 through Advocate Shri M.B.K.Rao. He stated that there is clash of time at Bhubaneswar, Ranapur, Godipada, Sarankul and Odagaon. The departure time of objector's vehicle at the above points are 7.35hrs, 9.20hrs.,10.01hrs., 10.18hrs and 10.45hrs. whereas the proposed timings given by the applicant at above five points are 7.25hrs,9.16hrs.,9.59hrs,10.37hrs and11.42hrs. The proposed timing given by the applicant at Bhubaneswar, Ranapur and Godipada is ahead of the service of the objector i.e. 10minutes, 4 minutes and 2 minutes gap, whereas from


Objectives : To examine the relationship between concentration of zinc in seminal plasma and semen quality. Methods : Semen samples from one hundred and fourteen male partners of couples who were attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department were collected and analyzed for semen quality as per WHO procedure. The seminal plasma concentration of zinc was determined by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results ; The mean zinc levels were lower among azoospermic as compared to oligozoospermic and normospermic groups. A positive correlation was observed between zinc levels and sperm count (r=0.12). Zinc also showed a positive correlation with other seminal indices. Significant correlation was also observed between seminal plasma zinc levels and alpha glucosidase activity. Conclusions : Zinc levels in seminal plasma and its relationship with other parameters of semen might give useful information regarding male reproductive dysfunction.


Herein we report the work carried out to port FireStation (FS), a fire growth simulation application, from the Desktop to a Grid environment. The main objectives of work were to exploit Grid capabilities, in order: i) to allow the concurrent execution of multiple and large simulations over EGEE, ii) to access and manage large data input/output files, iii) to create and handle a database of inputs/outputs describing future and past simulations to allow evaluation of the simulations ́ conditions/results and iv) to allow remote and interactive monitoring and control of the fire growth We started by developing, a parallel version of FireStation, using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) to benefit from the inherent parallel environment offered by clusters, available at each of the sites of the EGEE, also taking advantage of MPI parallel I/O facilities to reduce the overall time needed to process the huge volumes of data. Next, we decided to extend the P-FS version of the simulator with several currently available Grid tools and services, such as: the LFC catalogue to easy the location, access and transfer of data; the AMGA metadata catalogue to create a database of inputs/outputs of previous executions; and finally the WatchDog tool, to monitor and to provide data for the interactive control of the running simulations. Both the parallel and the Grid versions were implemented successfully showing that Grid can give a good response to a parallel application, with large input output demands, allowing for soft real time monitoring and keeping track of the already computed simulations, through a Grid oriented large meta database.


In many occasions, the usage situation of some rooms needs to be reported to users timely, such like libraries, study halls, cafeterias, etc. Usually the room resources are limited, so it is not reasonable if some rooms are overcrowded while some empty. This work aims to design a hybrid sensor network system to real-time monitor the usage situation of the rooms, so the users are able to keep timely information, thereby saving more time for everyone. The system has good scalability and ease of serviceability, adaptability, low cost, and simple promotion with a wide range of applications.


The Brazilian penal system has for a long time presented numerous problems, which
seem to be getting worse and worse as time goes by. Therefore to improve this serious
issue it would be necessary that the state government take new urgent and effective
measures with the objective of attempting to reduce these problems. It seems apparent
that the crime rate does not decrease with the building of more prison centres or when
the guilty are more severely sentenced. So another way of combating this problem could
be for the government to invest more into social workers and social programmes, which
could help and give new released prisoners new opportunities and a new direction in
life. Trained social workers could focus on teaching those released from prison skills in
how to live their lives in a more law abiding and constructive way. Also more job
programmes should be set up so that the new released prisoners can get jobs more
easily and have the option of making a living in a legal way rather than being left only
with the temptation and option to return to their criminal lifestyles. These job
programmes would give them less incentive to return to their criminal type lifestyles. One
should note and value that the best way to combat the crime rate problem is to firstly
invest more within the educational system and secondly by increasing the amount of job
opportunities available to all. With a higher educated population the level of professional
workers within a country increases. This also has a positive effect on the countries
economy and is beneficial to all. This is an example of a rehabilitation programme in the
state of Rio de Janeiro. It is a foundation called "The Santa Cabrini Foundation", which is
supported by the "Secretary of State Corrections Department". This foundations mission
is to re-introduce those released from prison back into a correctly functioning society
with particular emphasis on developing and improving their capabilities and skills in
order for them to be able to function effectively and constructively within a law abiding
society. Further investments and resources are needed from the government in order to
make these types of foundations more effective on the overall crime rate problem. These
types of foundations should be valued as they have the potential to improve the crime
rate problem within Brazil, with the potential of making communities safer to live in and
improving the quality of life for all.


Let U be a smooth quasiprojective complex variety and CH^r(U,1) a special instance of Bloch's higher Chow groups. Jannsen was the first to show that the cycle class map cl_{r,1} from CH^r(U,1) (tensored with Q) to hom_{MHS}(Q(0), H^{2r-1}(U,Q(r)) is not in general surjective, contradicting an earlier conjecture of Beilinson. In this paper, we give a refinement of Jannsen's counterexample, and further show that the aforementioned cycle class map becomes surjective at the generic point.


In order to realize the accurate control of steam turbine load,improve the abilities of automatic generation control(AGC)and primary frequency control,and eliminate the source of power fluctuation,which aim at improving the safety and reliability.The accurate critical pressure ratio was obtained by theoretical analysis.Relationships between critical pressure ratio and steam flow,reaction degree and speed ratio were studied.The effects of steam parameters,steam distribution modes and structure sizes on the critical pressure ratio of governing stage were analyzed too.The result shows that nozzles after full-arc opening governing valve reach critical state first.And the critical pressure ratio of governing stage is a constant only related to its structure parameters,which has no relation with steam parameters and steam distribution modes of units.Optimizing steam distribution modes and removing flow deviations between different steam distribution modes to control the error of flow within 1%.Take a 600 MW supercritical steam turbine as an example,comparing with flow characteristics test and actual operation data,the accuracy of theoretic calculation and analysis is verified.


The main Research hypothesis in this study is that Religious tourism could be proved a potential tool of development in regions that they lack both economic and tourism development. Within this context, aim of this study, is development of a specific type of special interest form of tourism, that is Religious Tourism, focusing in the geographical Region of Epirus/ Ioannina Prefecture. Initially, Secondary facts and figures for the Region in question are presented. Then Primary Research follows on both tourism demand and supply. Emphasis here is on both qualitative and quantitative methods, on Religious visitors and representatives of the Greek Orthodox Church in Epirus Region respectively. In specific, structured questionnaires were used in order to map religious visitors' attitudes and behaviors, while as semi-structured in depth interviews were used to map Church representatives' opinions.


Objective:To investigate the optimal extraction process of Yuchang granules.Methods:The extraction process was optimized by orthogonal experiment based on the content of berberine and isoimperatorin as well as extraction yield. Results:The optimized extraction process of Yuchang granules was as follows:8 times volume water of formulated crude materia medica,extracted twice,for 1h and the 70% ethanol depositing angelica polysaccharide.Conclusion:The process is simple,stable and viable,which can be used as the best extraction method of Yuchang granules.


A task coordination model was put forward to optimize the resource configuration of collaborative logistics network. And virus evolutionary genetic algorithm (VEGA) for its solution was constructed. In the algorithm, cost and time information were combined into the host fitness function, operating order and mode of activities were obtained by host evolution and virus infection. The theoretical analysis by schema theory showed that the VEGA outperforms the traditional genetic algorithm (GA). Experiment was taken with different demand of cost and time of logistics activities. Results show that the model and VEGA are valid to provide an effective decision solution for efficient collaboration of logistics network.


Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are becoming a promising choice as a heterogeneous computing component when floating-point optimized architectures are added to the current FPGAs. The maturing high-level synthesis tools offer a streamlined design flow for researchers to develop a parallel application using a high-level language on FPGAs. In this paper, we choose a random network of Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neurons with exponential synaptic conductance to evaluate the performance of the simulation of networks of spiking neurons on an FPGA. Focused on the conductance-based HH benchmark, we execute the benchmark on a general-purpose simulator for spiking neural networks, identify a computationally intensive kernel in the generated C++ code, convert the kernel to a portable OpenCL kernel, and describe the optimizations which can reduce the resource utilizations and improve the kernel performance. We evaluate the kernel on an Intel Arria 10 based FPGA platform, an Intel Xeon 16-core CPU, an Intel Xeon 4-core low-power processor with a CPU and a GPU integrated on the same chip, and an NVIDIA Tesla P100 discrete GPU. For the kernel execution time, the Arria 10 GX1150 FPGA is 2X and 3X faster than the two CPUs, but it is 2.5X and 4.8X slower than the two GPUs, respectively. The FPGA consumes the least power, but its performance per watt is 1.56X and 1.96X lower than the two GPUs, respectively.


ABSTRACT One of the great puzzles of development work is the way money can easily be spent without much result. In South Africa, government development work in rural villages is oriented to food security and sustainable agriculture. In this article I want to trace the dominance of 'entrepreneurialism' as an ideology which has a major impact on agricultural development in the villages, to suggest reasons why projects based on this approach fail, and to outline an alternative strategy. To consider this as an ideology is to note its blind spots, to examine its class location, the interests which it serves, and the way it has become part of common sense. While this article outlines relevant government policies, a key focus is the viewpoints of agricultural officers, located as they are in the 'professional-managerial class' While their perspective in some ways reflects their class interests, they are at the same time attempting to truly bring development to the poor In this context, entrepreneurialism acts as a barrier to more effective strategies.


We demonstrate the operation of low-power reflective S-SEEDs with 6-ps switching times at a 2-Volt bias. Efficient refractive micro-optics are used to optically interconnect multiple S-SEED gates. The technology platform is expected to enable dense photonic logic circuits for high-speed telecommunications-related applications.


Mortality patterns and causes of death by age for Japan are analyzed for the period 1895-1985. A model of Japanese mortality is described. (SUMMARY IN ENG)


The paper is concerned with effects of a uniform applied magnetic field on a Carreau fluid flow in a tapered asymmetric channel with peristalsis. The channel non-uniform & asymmetry are formed by choosing the peristaltic wave train on the tapered walls to have different amplitude and phase (ϕ). The governing equations of the Carreau model in two - dimensional peristaltic flow phenomena are constructed under assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number approximations. The simplified non - linear governing equations are solved by regular perturbation method. The expressions for pressure rise, frictional force, velocity and stream function are determined and the effects of different parameters like non-dimensional amplitudes walls (a and b), non - uniform parameter (m), Hartmann number (M), phase difference (ϕ),power law index (n) and Weissenberg numbers (We) on the flow characteristics are discussed. It is viewed that the rheological parameter for large (We), the curves of the pressure rise are not linear but it behaves like a Newtonian fluid for very small Weissenberg number.


INTRODUCTION
There has been a marked reduction in surgical operative training opportunities during the COVID-19 pandemic. This may be improved by the establishment of 'cold' sites for NHS elective surgery. We investigated the training opportunities at a newly designated elective surgery cold site in the West Midlands, UK.

METHODS
An observational retrospective study was undertaken to include all gastrointestinal and urological elective surgery at a single 'cold' site during the first peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Patient demographics, details of surgery and data relating to surgical training such as primary surgeon and portfolio index procedure were collected. Factors affecting the likelihood of trainees being the primary surgeon were analysed using logistic regression models.

RESULTS
There were 880 patients, with a median (interquartile range) age of 62 (48-74). Some 658 (74.8%) procedures were defined as 'index procedures' for specialty training year 4 (ST4) level: 409/509 (80.4%) for urology, 155/235 (66%) for colorectal and 94/136 (69.1%) for upper gastrointestinal (GI). Only 253/880 (28.8%) procedures were performed by a trainee as the primary surgeon: 201/509 (39.4%) for urology, 21/235 (8.9%) for colorectal and 31/136 (22.8%) for upper GI. The likelihood of a trainee being the primary surgeon was reduced for major surgery (p<0.001) and for GI surgery when compared with urology (p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
Surgical training was facilitated at an elective surgery 'cold' site during the COVID-19 pandemic, but at lower levels than anticipated. Type of surgery influenced trainee participation. Surgical training should be incorporated into 'cold' site elective surgical services if trainees are to be prepared for the future.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a real-time digital system (RTDS)-based platform and a method for a function test of a circuit protective relaying device. The platform mainly comprises a central control unit, a platform database, a fault database, and a platform model constructed by RTDS elements. According to the invention, the platform database saves configuration files corresponding to all submodel; the fault database saves logical operation files corresponding to the all submodels; the central control unit instructs the platform model to enter corresponding states according to the logical operation files and/or instructs the platform model to execute corresponding logical operations and/ or to enter corresponding fault states according to the configuration files. According to the invention, it is clear that a test platform that is constructed on the basis of the RTDS can carry out off-line real-time checking on a circuit protective relaying device by introduction of the RTDS.


(57) Abstract: The modifier suitable for inhibiting the uptake of hydrocarbon liquids by introducing thereto, but liquid hydrocarbons become uncomfortable, so far, in particular lamp oil, white spirit, kerosene and in paraffinic liquids such as other hydrocarbon solvents, it is difficult to achieve the purpose. Here modifier denatonium compounds, preferably an analog or derivative thereof showing denatonium benzoate, or a similar organoleptic effects, in the liquid hydrocarbon, to obtain a stable solution or suspension of the modifying agent , the liquid stabilizer is miscible with the hydrocarbon liquid, for example an alkanol or a derivative thereof, an amount sufficient use.


The ERA 2010 rankings reflect badly on Australian university ICT performance, especially by comparison with some likely benchmark disciplines, for reasons not exclusively under the control of ICT researchers, groups or schools. As a result nevertheless, the future of Australian academic ICT is under threat of reduced government funding, from diminished international reputation and from university reaction. Changes to ERA for 2012 may ameliorate the position somewhat, but continued complementary and concerted action by individuals, institutions and professional organisations such as ACS, CORE and others remains imperative.


Several inorganic ion-exchange materials were evaluated for the removal of strontium from two simulated Hanford tank wastes (NCAW and 101SY-Cs5) using static batch experiments. Sodium titanium silicate, Na2Ti2O3SiO4·2H2O(NaTS), was the best material in NCAW with a K d of 2.7 × 105 mL/g at a volume-to-mass ratio of 200:1. In the 101SY-Cs5 simulant, strontium extraction was more difficult due to the presence of complexants and consequently K ds were greatly reduced. Sodium nonatitanate, NaTi, performed best in the presence of these complexants and gave a K d of 295 mL/g, though none of the materials performed particularly well. Pellets suitable for column studies were synthesized and the ion exchangers evaluated in column studies. Breakthrough curves correlated well with the K ds obtained from batch experiments with the sodium titanium silicate performing best in NCAW and a pelletized form of sodium nonatitanate performing best in 101SY-Cs5. Both the sodium titanate and the sodium titanosilicate performed b...


Abstract Reported cases of avascular necrosis of the head of the femur associated with pregnancy are rare. Two further cases are presented, and a review of the previously reported cases suggests that other known predisposing causes of avascular necrosis may be incriminated in the aetiology. The possibility that a normal pregnancy may very rarely be associated with avascular necrosis is suggested by one of our patients and receives some support from the previously reported cases.


The Bureau of Mines conducted a field study of respirable dust concentrates at an underground room-and-pillar oil shale mine and the aboveground milling facility to determine the dust generation sources, personal respirable exposure, characteristic minerals, and size distribution of the dust. Major dust sources in the mine were the scaling and blast hole drilling operations. The major dust sources in the processing mill were the screening and crushing operations. Predominate minerals found in the airborne respirable dust were albite, analcite, calcite, dolomite, quartz, and orthoclase. Carbonaceous material (e.g., diesel particulate) accounted for approximately 75% of the respirable particulate found in the mine. The average coefficient of variance of respirable dust concentrations measured with approved personal dust samplers in the mine and mill was 7.6%, the best precision observed to date with the personal dust sampler operated in the field.


Some scholars hold that the plot of looking for the necromancer in BAI Ju-yi's Chang Hen Ge originates from popular legend.However,recent studies indiate that this plot is based on BAI Ju-yi's experience of love.


Procurement is an important work in supply chain management. Various factors will cause a great deal of procurement risk, which will result that procurement staff can not complete the target expectedly. Effective identification and measure to the procurement risk are important, which are the basis of effective risk management and risk prevention. This paper reviews the domestic and foreign literatures about procurement risk and its quantification, and takes the actual procurement of business into account. On the basis of the two previous works, this paper considers the following indices, such as purchase price, satisfaction rate of orders, delivery time, the rate of qualified products, the rate of right shipments and so on, which will impact the effects of procurement and supply. Secondly these indices and their statistical data are analyzed by PCA to obtain fewer indices, which are independent and reflect the most information carried by all indices. And then define the procurement risk coefficients from the angle of suppliers and commodities. Finally the procurement risk coefficients are calculated using SPSS 15.0 in a case.


Abstract This essay investigates forensic fiction as a trend in televised crime fiction and argues that this trend or subgenre is particularly interesting if we are to understand how surveillance is portrayed in contemporary society. The essay looks particularly into an extremely popular example of forensic fiction, namely CSI and its two spin-offs CSI: NY and CSI: Miami. Through a discussion of the conceptions of knowledge, crime and power, which seem to come forth in the three CSI series, the present article argues that the particular blend of technological optimism, positivism and moralism that can be witnessed in forensic fiction in general, and in CSI in particular, is important to understanding how popular culture lends a certain normalization of surveillance to everyday life


In this paper,a new kind of DY-conjugate gradient formula and the corresponding method for solving nonlinear unconstrained optimization is proposed.The new conjugate gradient method with general Wolfe line search was proved to have the global convergence.By disscusing the hybrid conjugate gradient formula β_k given by ,we conclude that the above β_k is only a specical cases of DY-conjugate gradient formula.


It is shown that high-resolution low-uncertainty temperature-height profiles cannot be deduced from pressure-height data alone because the relative uncertainty in pressure data cannot be expected to be smaller than 1% or 2% in present-day practical instrumentation. The basic equations relating temperature to pressure-height or density-height data are subjected to error analysis to determine the uncertainty introduced into computed temperature-height values by observed data. The results show that the use of density data is much more preferable than the use of pressure data if atmospheric temperature is to be determined as a function of height with a fine height resolution and a small uncertainty from the height profiles of pressure or density and if pressures and densities can be measured with comparable accuracies.


It could be argued that enough has already been written about the book edited by S. Franklin and E. Widdis, which has become the object of a lively discussion, a discussion where emotional reactions seem occasionally to dominate, even though the questions at stake deserve to be treated in a scholarly and dispassionate way. Understandably, these questions are not just "scholarly"; they are at the same time the depository of "proofs," "arguments" or "counter-arguments" for sought after, imagined or historically real "self-identities." Ironically, the discussion is about a book that is neither among the most important nor the best in the last years. A reader will find interesting pages and information here, but the authors often offer several different interpretations of the same fact, failing to provide proofs for the correct one. Let me mention the "Judas in the Russian lands" in the film Aleksandr Nevskij, which has nothing to do with the betrayal of Christ (p. 113): the Judas par excellence in Russia was (is?) Mazepa, who also passed to the "German" (Swedish) camp. The allusion to Ukrainian "mazepynstvo" is quite obvious in the film. As to the Ukrainian bank notes of the 1990s, I do not think that they lend themselves to a double interpretation, namely, as either "overlapping" Soviet Russian images or being a challenge to them (pp. 24-28): in my opinion, by 1996, they were already a "symbol of identity" of the new Ukrainian state and challenged the Soviet/Russian interpretation of the Kyivan past. Incidentally, the notes were considered state symbols already by Andrew Wilson in his book The Ukrainians: Unexpected nation (2001; cf. pp. 227-228). The Greek ruins on the same notes do suggest the 2000 year old history of the "Ukrainian lands": this may be considered a manifestation of "silly" Ukrainian nationalism, but let us recall that the first person who stated the same idea for Russia was V. Tatishchev. Thus, today Russian myths of antiquity are as "silly" as the Ukrainian ones-although that is not often appreciated nor recognized as dangerous.Although the book contains only minor errors,2 I am skeptical about its usefulness. It is a hybrid product of post-modernist and late-structuralist criticism, trying to unite various specialties, ranging from philology and language to history (spanning a time-frame from the early-medieval to the present), from modern cultural studies to questions of nation-building, not to mention issues of identity of the "self" and/or the "other." As a result, the first surprise is that the book is 'only' 244-pages long. Brevity is often a virtue, but it can become a handicap when one tries to include everything just to suggest the endless contradictions and fluidity (as the editors say in the Preface) of all the parameters that make up "National Identity" and "Russian Culture." It is hard to find a more difficult and broader subject in all of the human sciences, and to distil them into a short book requires enormous skill and clarity of vision. Unfortunately, the current book is a hybrid product designed for only a vaguely identified audience. Scholars will find it more or less useless because of the oversimplifications-and will treat the book as redundant. On the other hand, it is hard to recommend the book to non-specialists or students (the intended audience), since it lacks basic historical, cultural and linguistic data that might allow that type of reader to follow the culturological discourse that the editors tried to initiate. To give one example: B. Gasparov's analysis of the linguistic situation in Old-Rus', in Muscovy, and then in the empire, the USSR and even in contemporary Russia is hardly profitable for a student that has not taken courses in the history of the language and medieval literature, or digested books and articles by people like B. Uspenskii and V. Zhivov. On the other hand, for a specialist, Gasparov's short overview of such radically different works (both in terms of language and socio-cultural background) as Monomakh, Epifanii the Wise, Avvakum, and Zyzanii only provides evidence of the superficiality of his approach. …


Abstract We continue to develop the theory of previous papers concerning transforms corresponding to Mellin multipliers which involve products and/or quotients of Γ-functions. We show that, by working with certain subspaces of L p,μ consisting of smooth functions, we can simplify considerably the restrictions on the parameters which were necessary in the L p,μ setting. As a result, operators in our class become homeomorphisms on these subspaces under conditions of great generality.


Research carried out by KPMG shows that a growing number of asset managers are seeking out high standards of governance as the criteria for their risk‐management assessment of a company as a possible investment. The author provides an overview of the research findings and a guide to how to embed the qualities required into a corporate structure.


In this paper the author presents findings of the first (pilot) victimization survey carried out during 1996 in Belgrade (Serbia) as the part of International Crime (Victim) Survey. For the purposes of this survey standard ICS questionnaires and methodology, with some necessary corrections, were used. The random sample consisted of 1094 respondents living in central Belgrade's communes. The author focuses on data measuring respondents' willingness to report crimes, their reasons for not reporting crimes to the police and their attitudes toward the police, i.e. their level of confidence in and their reasons for dissatisfaction with the police. Survey findings are analyzed in connection with different crimes, bearing in mind macro factors, such as war and economic crises, which have contributed to the decrease in both the crime reporting rate and the level of confidence in the police. The author concludes that the survey draws attention to the sensitive relationship between citizens and police in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY), suggesting an urgent need for radical reforms in the organization, control, training and education of the police concerning human rights in general and victims' rights in particular.


According to Maxwell's 2 classification, based on work with mammals, there are two classes of excitants for nervous tissue, viz: (1) those which act only upon the medullated fibers, such as the calcium precipitants, (2) those which act on the gray matter only, as creatin and strychnin. In order to determine possible similarities and differences between mammalian nervous tissue and that of one of the annelids, experiments were carried out on the nerve cord of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. In these experiments the worm was decapitated, the anterior end of the preparation pinned down and the nerve cord laid bare. The cord was then dissected free for a distance of about 20 segments and the stimulating substances applied directly to it. Stimulation was indicated by squirming movements of the posterior segments. Excitants of the first class, KC1, BaC12, and Na3 citrate, each in M/8 concentration, gave marked excitation. Of the excitants of the second class, camphor and strychnin, each in saturated solution, and picrotoxin crystals, all yielded positive results within a minute after application, but phenol, nicotin and creatin had no effect, used either as crystals or in solution. M/64 tetra-ethylammonium chloride gave strong stimulation. The fact that excitants of the first class act on the annelid nerve cord shows that the nerve processes reacting do not differ in this respect from the axons of the myelinated fibers of mammals. The action of the excitants of the second class exhibits two peculiarities; the action is almost immediate, there is no latent period of several minutes as in mammals and in squid'; the fact that the nerve cells of the earthworm are unaffected by phenol, nicotin and creatin indicates a chemical organization different from that obtaining in the neurones of higher forms in which stimulation by these substances does take place.


Using concurrent design methodology, the duration of space science mission in conceptual design phase can be shortened. This approach requires hardware and software resources to support, such as professional design tools and concurrent design environment. Except for the professional groups, the general researchers such as teachers and students have no chance to access these resources. Nowadays, more and more researchers distributed in different locations join into the space science research. The need for an open concurrent design platform offering design tools and data sharing environment has increased. This article presents a Cloud Platform of Concurrent Design for Space Science Mission. This Cloud Platform of Concurrent Design for Space Science Mission uses the idea of Software as a service, in which five design and analysis tools are offered as services to satisfy the basic requirements for space science mission concurrent design in conceptual design phase. This cloud platform provides the access to space science mission concurrent design for expert and non-expert users using a thin client of web browser. This article presents the platform architecture of the Cloud Platform of Concurrent Design for Space Science Mission and five software offered as services. The services include spacecraft conceptual orbit design, structure design, payload coverage analysis, data transmission analysis, and virtual community. And the basic cloud service (computing and storage) is also briefly introduced. It is described in detail how these services can be leveraged by users to do the concurrent design for one space science mission.


Many supplementary investigations are necessary to accomplish the central demand for a chemical resistance test method of glass fiber reinforced resins. The effect of sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 - concentration 10%) on mechanical and chemical properties of malti layers random glass fiber reinforced with polyester resin composite were studied. The samples were immersed on the chemicals for six weeks. The effect of the sulfuric acid on the mechanical properties (tensile, bending, hardness) and physical properties (absorbility) has been studied on the random glass fiber polyester composite. The results showed the mechanical properties in most cases decreased such as the tensile, bending and hardness and the absorbility 5.3%.


Objective To study the main problems and strategy of clinical medicine bilingual teaching.Methods According to the practical experiences and questionnaire investigation,it is imperative to study the effective mode of clinical medicine bilingual teaching from the following aspects,such as teaching mode,text book,the quality of teacher,the English level of students,the evaluation system and the environment and altitude of bilingual studying.Results About 50% was the best ratio of English language in the teaching.The concise original medicine English text book and the relative reorganized text book were more suitable for the medicine students.Improving the English level of teachers and students,establishing the objective evaluation system and building the bilingual studying environment are important to improve the teaching quality.Conclusion It is necessary to explore the effective strategy of the main problems in clinical medicine bilingual teaching,which can improve the bilingual teaching quality and perfect the clinical medicine bilingual teaching.


To overcome the difficulties encountered by both students and teachers in learning and teaching mathematical problem solving, researchers have embarked on the designing and evaluation of trainingprograms that promote the development of adaptive expertise. However, the evaluation of the effectiveness of these training programs is mainly based on "pre-post" comparisons, which do not allow for highlighting the more diffuse and process-oriented changes or understanding the changes observed. These aspects involve looking at what happens throughout the intervention. The identification of (meta)cognitive, (meta)emotional, and (meta)motivational changes occurring throughout the intervention among novice and expert solvers has already been the subject of previous research; the focus is now being shifted to understanding these changes in light of the training program's components. More specifically, this study examines the role of interactive regulations in the development of adaptive expertise in problem-solving, in a "novice" solver. The cross-analysis of the written traces and the oral explanations of the learner testify to a progressive evolution of the status of a novice to that of an expert. An in-depth analysis of the situation, the thoughtful appropriation of the heuristic strategies taught, the development of control and adjustment strategies, as well as more positive motivational beliefs and emotions, demonstrate this evolution. The results indicate that inviting the learner to question and reflect on her problem-solving approach and peer interactions, combined with supportive interactions with the teacher and the tools at her disposal, make a significant contribution to her progress.


In this Ph.D. dissertation, the capacity of cultured bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) to passively acquire functional membrane proteins from apoptotic or necrotic cells was examined. The rapid transfer of membrane proteins from a variety of syngeneic, allogeneic and xenogeneic donor cells to PMNs was observed. In contrast to PMNs from other species, bovine PMNs did not express endogenous major histocompatability class II (MHC II) protein, either constitutively or inducibly. The entire bovine PMN population was, however, able to acquire detectable levels of surface MHC II or cluster of differentiation (CD) 3 protein following PMN co-culture with cells in conditions which permitted close contact with dieing cells. Therefore, it was hypothesized that membrane lipids and proteins were acquired by bovine PMN following fusion with microparticles (MPs) shed from either apoptotic or necrotic cells. It was then determined whether the lifespan of bovine PMNs could be sufficient to provide an opportunity for PMNs to interact with T cells. Lymphocyte recruitment to sites of inflammation often occurs 3-5 days after the initial PMN recruitment. PMN survival would need to span this interval to provide an opportunity for an interaction between PMNs and lymphocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon (IFN)γ and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were observed to prolong the lifespan of cultured PMNs beyond 96 hours. These observations supported the conclusion that it was biologically possible for PMNs and T cells to interact at sites of inflammation.


Since China's great leap into space in late 2003 with their first taikonaut reaching orbit and safely returning to Earth, much attention has been given to the question regarding the future of China's space program. Concerns abound about the Chinese military's role in the space program but hope remains that China's space program will follow a path to a peaceful multilateral exploration of outer space. This paper looks at a possible future for the Chinese space program, one in which the People's Liberation Army (PLA) retains tight control over the direction of the program.


Abstract A newly discovered outcrop of the Alpine Fault at Kaka Creek, central Westland, New Zealand, shows successive overthrusting of green mylonite and schist over alluvial and talus/scree gravels. From the southwestern bank, two rare wood fragments from the underlying gravels yield radiocarbon ages of 2600 ± 60 and 3350 ± 100 years B. P., and date two movements of the Alpine Fault. A minimum of 5.0 ± 0.1 m movement perpendicular to the Alpine Fault trend over 750 years corresponds to an average convergence rate of 6.7 ± 1.5 mm/year, the rate determination limited primarily by the small amount of outcrop remaining. On the northeastern bank, similar gravels have been overthrust a distance of 70 m by a 60 m thickness of schist, and the calculated thrusting rate and average convergence rate are likely to be considerably higher. The young ages of the underlying gravels confirm very recent, rapid movement of the Alpine Fault, possibly associated with frequent large seismic events in central Westland.


Abstract Based upon a combination of architectural theories, the knowledge of space environment, and psychology of isolated and confined environments, this qualitative research aims to study orbital space settlement in a way to get the built space congenial to the human experience of movement. In this sense, sensors, self-propulsion or mechanical actuators, the inhabitant's mental and visual capacity for movement, as well as the represented and imbedded movement in the built environment—including pictorial representation, kinetic formation, and the movement of natural factors—are variables. So far, most of the studies on counter-measures for minimizing stress, which are stumbling blocks to the architectural promenade, have been based on pre-launch training focusing on professional training and selection of astronauts, planning for their in-flight challenges, and protecting them from dangers. Meanwhile, if we want to promote the experience of architecture in the outer space, narratives of movement need to be enriched, because not all occupants are professional astronauts. One way to study this matter is through analyzing movement in the built space and then synthesizing the results to gain an overview of a spatial montage in which motor planning for movement and route navigation have been facilitated. Narrative, in this sense, is a proper method to investigate this context of design. Therefore, analysis has been framed in the shape of a taxonomy of movement in weightlessness. Through a qualitative investigation in Cupola Module, it has been thrown into relief that movement with regard to space has not been enriched as much as movement with regard to the form.


Objective To investigate the effect of N-Desulfated heparin on hepatic/renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.Methods Using rat models of 60 minutes hepatic or renal ischemia followed by 1h,3h,6h and 24h reperfusion,animals were randomly divided into following groups,the sham-operated controls,ischemic group receiving only normal saline,and treated group receiving N-desulfated heparin at a dose of 12mg/kg at 5 minutes before reperfusion.P-selectin expression was detected in hepatic/renal tissues with immunohistochemistry method.Results P-selectin expression,serum ALT,AST,BUN and Cr levels were significantly increased during 60 minute ischemia and 1h,3h,6h and 24h reperfusion,while the increment was significantly suppressed,and hepatic/renal pathology observed by light microscopy was remarkably improved by treatment with the N-desulfated heparin.Furthermore,the heparin was found to have no effects on PT and KPTT.Conclusion The results suggest that N-desulfated heparin can be of therapeutic potential for hepatic/renal damage induced by ischemia and reperfusion injury without significant anticoagulant activity.


We address the problem of sharpness enhancement of images. Existing hierarchical techniques that decompose an image into a smooth image and high frequency components based on Gaussian filter and bilateral filter suffer from halo effects, whereas techniques based on weighted least squares extract low contrast features as detail. Other techniques require multiple images and are not tolerant to noise.


Years ago in a television advertisement for a major brand breakfast cereal, a group of kids eyed the new concoction with considerable wariness. They then all looked at the youngest boy at the table and came to the same conclusion: "Let Mikey eat it!" In the long and unsuccessful search for universal health insurance coverage in the United States—a seemingly delectable proposition but potentially fraught with despairing complexity—we repeatedly hear, if only implicitly, a similar refrain: "Let the states do it!" After all, Mikey turned out to like his new cereal and downed it with gusto, soon followed by his previously skeptical friends and siblings. So, too, state efforts at insurance expansion? When President Bill Clinton's proposed Health Security Act and competing plans for comprehensive health care reform proved too much to swallow, advocates and observers turned their attention to the states, a few of which appeared to be well along in developing their own versions of reform. Alas, with the nationwide Republican electoral revolution of 1994 and changing economic tides, these efforts also proved unpalatable and were thwarted or rescinded (States—The Policy Crucible 1997). Perhaps the states could tinker with their laws governing the individual insurance market, transforming this residual category of insurance into a more effective opportunity for coverage. More Pop Tarts than a meal, even these plausibly more edible policy morsels failed to advance very far the objective of improving coverage (Individual Health Insurance Market 2000). More recently, Daniel Fox, the president of the Milbank Memorial


By equipping planar arrays on the sensor nodes in the wireless sensor network, multiple sources can be simultaneously located with the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimates obtained at each array. However, the ambiguous DOA estimates which are symmetric with respect to the planar array cannot be avoided. This intrinsic ambiguity due to the array's spatial-frequency response would significantly degrade the localization performance. Generally, the conventional methods either assume no ambiguity in direction finding, or the ambiguity can be eliminated with additional prior knowledge or some special design on the hardware. This paper proposed a method capable of algorithmically eliminating the aforementioned DOA ambiguity, requiring neither additional prior knowledge nor special design. Numerical simulations illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method in eliminating the ambiguity and locating the sources. A Cramér–Rao-based lower bound on the localization error is also derived as a benchmark.


The multi-duties mechanism is the prominent merit which the modern operating system has.Through the analysis of real-time operating system(RTOS) core mechanism and its characteristic,it introduces the single-chip microcomputer development system,carries on using the severance of the duty cut,may effectively improve the procedure structure and satisfy the needs of the complex system.


BACKGROUND
There is little data available on job stress dimensions and their relationship to musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among Iranian nurses.

OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this study were to investigate job stress dimensions and examine their relationship to MSDs among nurses of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (SUMS) hospitals.

METHODS
In this cross-sectional study, 385~randomly selected nurses of SUMS participated. The Persian version of Job Content Questionnaire (P-JCQ) and Nordic MSDs questionnaire were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for data analysis.

RESULTS
Decision latitude and social support dimensions had low levels, but psychological and physical job demands as well as job insecurity dimensions had high levels among the nurses. 89.9% of the subjects experienced some form of MSDs during the last 12 months. Lower back symptoms were the most prevalent problem reported (61.8%). Physical isometric loads was the only sub-scale that had significant relationship with MSDs.

CONCLUSIONS
In the majority of cases, subjects were exposed to high levels of job stress. MSDs prevalence was high. Based on the results, any interventional program for MSDs prevention should focus on reducing physical and psychological job demands as well as increasing decision latitudes.


ampicillin, cefalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, kanamycin, rifampicin, tetracycline and trimethoprim. Susceptibility testing revealed no differences in the MIC of the tested antibiotics between C. jejuni NCTC 11168 cultured in standard media versus selective media. Comparison of the concentrations of the antibiotics used in these media and their MICs for C. jejuni NCTC 11168 showed that the concentrations used in the media were substantially below the MIC values (Table 1). Gene expression analysis also revealed no differences in the expression of cmeABC or cmeDEF between C. jejuni NCTC 11168 cultured in MH media compared with any of the three selective media. Therefore, it is concluded that selective culture media used to isolate Campylobacter spp. inhibit competition by other bacteria and fungi, but do not induce overexpression of known efflux pump genes, for which some of these agents are substrates. Therefore, any antibiotic resistance observed in isolates is unlikely to be an artefact due to media composition as has been suggested previously. 2


1. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCIB 8250 can grow on benzyl alcohol as sole source of carbon and energy. Previous work had shown that benzyl alcohol is oxidised to benzoate by benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase II. This thesis is concerned with the purification and characterisation of these two NAD+-dependent, soluble enzymes.


Code division multiple access (CDMA) has emerged as a popular format for many multiuser communication systems. However, the error performance of CDMA systems deteriorates as a result of intersymbol interference and nonlinearities. We propose a blind equalizer for chip synchronous CDMA systems with Volterra (nonlinear) channels. The equalizer requires multiple observations at the receiver, obtained through oversampling or multiple antennas, and a knowledge of the code for the desired user. Zero forcing equalization is possible in the noise-free case. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the equalizer on a number of different channel and user configurations.


This paper illuminates and details some of the traits, pressures and semi-autonomy of the young adult between the ages of 18 and 24 who must confront the barriers and challenges upon returning to secondary school within the high school and the adult education centre context. Focusing on these young adults is fundamentally important to begin to understand and appreciate the many variables such as gender, early school-leaving, re-entry and needs that impact students who are re-entering secondary school. We present the negative experiences that many of our young adult students have had in a manner that is summative yet touches on the underlying socio-economic challenges that have forced their hand and placed them not only at risk but caused them to leave the secondary school program before program completion. A number of personal insights and qualitative collective observations present an accurate picture of the situation in one central Ontario (Canada) site. This paper illuminates and details some of the traits, pressures and semi-autonomy of the young adult between the ages of 18 and 24 who must confront the barriers and challenges upon returning to secondary school within the high school and the adult education centre context. Focusing on these young adults is fundamentally important to begin to understand and appreciate the many variables such as gender, early school-leaving, re-entry and needs that impact students who are re-entering secondary school. We present the negative experiences that many of our young adult students have had in a manner that is summative yet touches on the underlying socio-economic challenges that have forced their hand and placed them not only at risk but caused them to leave the secondary school program before program completion. A number of personal insights and qualitative collective observations present an accurate picture of the situation in one central Ontario (Canada) site.


The influence of impurity scattering on the electrical spin injection efficiency from a non-ideal ferromagnet into a semiconductor quantum wire is investigated. We take into account the presence of an axial magnetic field along the direction of current flow and spin orbit interaction in the wire. If the wire contains a non-magnetic charged impurity, then the zero temperature interface conductance depends strongly on the exact location of this impurity. When calculated as a function of the applied gate bias, the spin injection efficiency is a much more sensitive function of the location and strength of the scattering potential for an attractive scatterer. However, at absolute zero temperature, an injection efficiency close to 100% can be obtained for both types of impurities if carriers are injected with energies that coincide with the Zeeman energy states in the wire. The temperature dependence of maximum spin injection efficiency is calculated for both attractive and repulsive impurity potentials.


The woods environment is basic for providing common assets to the greenery. The woods is an indispensable safe-haven, albeit at present it is presented to illicit logging by insatiable individuals, and this has altogether influenced the woodland. Because of this criminal behavior, unfortunate wonder has surfaced. Consequently, the system of this exploration is worried about building up a far off observing gadget that could catch basic ongoing information, for example, temperature, moistness, vaporous substance, and bonfire and downpour location, which could show the recent and the safeguarded characteristic state and environment in the woods. The model was actualized at chosen areas to screen and assemble information at two stages. The results from this exploration will be utilized in the advancement of a progression of games as instructing helps that can make mindful our group of people yet to come about the consumption and its effect upon the earth.


For indigenous populations, schooling and local knowledge systems may be at odds. Understanding indigenous learning systems can help mitigate conflicts between acquisition of local ecological knowledge and academic knowledge. Among boys and men of the Jenu Kuruba of South India, we compare levels of schooling and local knowledge related to wild honey collection, a central domain of male local ecological knowledge. For boys, school attendance, but not performance, negatively correlates with local knowledge related to honey collecting. Men's local knowledge for this activity negatively correlates with years of schooling, but their practical skills either neutrally or slightly positively associate with schooling. Different learning patterns between domains of knowledge can explain variation in trends of local knowledge loss. Findings suggest that schooling mostly affects knowledge of activities that are not classroom-adaptable that people perform during school hours.


Throughout the present invention the chemical impregnation second electrode of the high-capacity electrochemical device is formed by using, as a method for their preparation and an electrochemical device, the electrochemical device electrode of the present invention at home; And an active material layer in which a longitudinal direction end portion on the current collector contains a metal hydroxide nanowires toward the top. Accordingly, the super-capacitor of the present invention has a high storage capacity and high output characteristics and high energy density.


purpose. Characteristics of heat transfer processes in multilayer bodies of basic geometric shapes simultaneously under condi tions of convective heat transfer on its surfaces and taking into account imperfect thermal contact between the layers. Methodology. A direct method was applied to solve a oneparameter family of boundary value problems in the theory of heat conduction. This method is based on the reduction method, the concept of quasiderivatives, a system of differential equations with impulse action, the method of separation of variables, and the modified method of eigenfunctions of Fourier. It is worth noting that the application of the concept of quasiderivatives allows you to circumvent the wellknown problem of multiplication of gen eralized functions, which arises when using the differentiation procedure of the coefficients of a differential equation. Such a pro cedure, in our opinion, casts doubt on the equivalence of the transition to the differential equation obtained in this way with gen eralized coefficients. findings. The solution to the problem is obtained in a closed form. The proposed algorithm does not contain a solution to volume conjugation problems. It includes only: a) finding the roots of the corresponding characteristic equations; b) the multipli cation of a finite number of known (2 × 2) matrices; c) the calculation of certain integrals; d) summing the required number of members of the series to obtain the specified accuracy. As an illustration, we consider model examples of heating eightlayer struc tures in a fire. Originality. For the first time, the direct method has been applied to solving the problem of the distribution of an unsteady temperature field over the thickness of multilayer structures of basic geometric shapes simultaneously, in the presence of imperfect thermal contact between the layers. practical value. The implementation of the research results allows us to effectively study the heat transfer processes in multi layer structures, which are found in a number of applied problems.


Kalpana Kannabiran (email@example.com), Sujit Kumar Mishra (email@example.com), and S Surapa Raju (email@example.com) are with the Council for Social Development, Hyderabad. This study on low female age at marriage is aimed at investigating the causes and factors influencing the marginal increase in age at marriage among women from 15.3 years as reported in the National Family Health Survey-1 (1992–93) to 16.1 years in NFHS-3 (2005–06) in undivided Andhra Pradesh. The analysis of the data collected from a sample of 716 households from seven districts of Telangana and of 1,944 households from 10 districts of Andhra Pradesh reveals that the two most important exogenous variables with respect to age at marriage are awareness and education, with education emerging as a key indicator.


A Section 55 (S55) Gaming Permit is a Certificate of Local Planning Authority required under the Gaming and Wagering Commission Act 1987 by the Department of Racing, Gaming and Liquor.


Objective. The objective of this paper is to present sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of people with migraine in the population of Belgrade citizens. Methods. Study data were collected during the epidemiological survey performed on about 2000 respondents aged between 16-82 years, of both genders, in accordance with the standard predefined questionnaire. The field study has been performed, with personalized interview, during May 2006, in Belgrade. Results. Migraine frequency in the population of analyzed subjects (772 males, 1228 females) was 11% (for females 12.8%, for males 8%). The distribution of people with migraine in age groups was the following: 59 7%. The symptoms of aura were present in 3.2% of subjects. The most common migraine attack triggers were: stress (in 14.5% patients), weather changes (10%), tiredness (6.3%) and menstrual period (5.9%). The most common symptoms of migraine attack were: photophobia (in 14.9% sufferers) and nausea (11.8%). The majority of migraineurs had formal education: 54.3% college/university, 43.4% high school, and 2.3% elementary school degree. The people with low monthly income had less frequent migraine (4.5%), compared to those who earn more (44.3%). Stress was the most important provoking factor, in comparison with either income level or education degree. Conclusion. In accordance with the produced results, significant differences of values of the evaluated parameters were not found in comparison to similar studies performed in Europe and USA. Better educated and richer population more frequently suffers of migraine.


The purpose of our work is to develop a power module using gas insulation and bonding-less interconnections to avoid the reliability issues known to current packaging technology. This paper deals with the temperature dependence of partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) of a developed module up to 300 °C. In addition, an attempt is achieved to confirm half-wave rectifying operation up to 300 °C using SiCSchottky barrier diodes (SiC-SBD). From these results, the PDs were not detected up to 1500 V and 300 °C, proving its ability to be used in high temperature applications.


An object of the present invention is to provide a substance which is able to be an active ingredient for the improvement of dysfunction caused by nerve damage. An improving agent for dysfunction due to nerve damage of the present invention as a means for resolution thereof is characterized in that it comprises an endo-²-N-acetylglucosaminidase type enzyme which hydrolyzes an N-acetylglucosamide bond in a keratan sulfate backbone as an active ingredient. When the improving agent of the present invention is administered, clinical improvement is achieved in motor neuron dysfunction and sensory neuron dysfunction such as neuropathic pain represented by a pain caused by allodynia and hyperalgesic reaction of the object to be treated.


Using drones to conduct airborne bioacoustic surveys is a potentially useful new way to estimate the abundance of vocal bird species. Here we show that by using two recording devices suspended from a quadcopter drone it is possible to estimate distances to birds with precision. In an experimental test, the mean error of our estimated distances to a broadcast song across 11 points between 0 and 100 m away was just 3.47 m. In field tests we compared 1-minute airborne counts with 5-minute terrestrial counts at 34 count locations. We found that the airborne counts yielded similar data to the terrestrial point counts for most of the 10 the songbirds included in our analysis, and that the effective detection radii were also similar. However, airborne counts significantly under-detected the Northern Cardinal (χ29 = 22.8, post-hoc test P = 0.007), which we attribute to a behavioral response to the drone. Airborne counts work best for species that vocalize close to the ground and have high frequency-range songs. Under those circumstances, airborne bioacoustics could have several advantages over ground-based surveys, including increased precision, increased repeatability, and easier access in difficult terrain. Further, we show that it is possible to do rapid surveys using airborne techniques, which could lead to the development of much more efficient survey protocols than are possible using traditional survey techniques. Lay Summary We show that it is possible to estimate the distance of singing birds from a drone, which then allows bird counts to be converted to true abundance or population densities. Using drones to count birds allows researchers to survey areas that may be difficult or dangerous to access on foot. Airborne counts are potentially a highly efficient and highly repeatable way to estimate populations of vocal bird species.


We focus on Robert P. Liberman's influence on the development and adaptation of a behavioral learning approach used in the rehabilitation of individuals with schizophrenia called errorless learning. In this article we present: the origins of errorless learning; first proof-of-concept study of errorless learning in a sample of individuals with psychotic disorders; follow-up laboratory-based studies of errorless learning; and a community-based study of errorless learning.