Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy and functional mechanism of Ji Lian Wen Xin Tang in treating rapid arrhythmia. Methods: All 150 cases were randomly assigned into 80 cases of treatment group and 70 cases of control group. The treatment group was given Ji Lian Wen Xin Tang, one dose a day, the control group was administered Betaloc, 25 mg for twice a day. The clinical effects, the changes of subjective symptoms, heart rates and rhythms in patients of the two groups were observed and compared after continual four-week treatment. Results: The total efficiency rate of the treatment group was 96.25%, while that of the control group was 82.86%, the difference between the two groups had statistical meaning(P0.05). The subjective symptoms of two groups after treatment improved significantly in the comparison of those symptoms before treatment and the improvement of treatment group was better than that of control group(P0.05); The heart rates and rhythms of two groups had significant improvement after treatment and the differences between them had marked significance(P 0.05). Results: Ji Lian Wen Xin Tang can raise the supply of myocardial oxygen, improve the conducting function and removing blood stasis, make the membrane voltage of myocardial cells stable, reduce the self-discipline of myocardial cells, extend the action potential duration and effective refractory period, eliminate the turn-back impulse, reduce the parallel shrinkage, inhibit the secondary touches as well as effectively treat the rapid arrhythmia.


Product-service system (PSS) complexity is rapidly increasing in order to meet complex user requirements. Increased complexity leads to PSSs failing to meet sustainability requirements in their initial design. To enhance PSS sustainability and support social benefits, this paper proposes a sustainable PSS development framework based on design-centric complexity (DCC) theory. In the early design stage of a PSS, DCC theory is used to analyze the complexity of the system. Determination of the types of complexity in the system and the corresponding problems is then performed. By combining the sub-field model of TRIZ, the problems can be converted and solved, and the functional periodicity may be established to reduce system complexity. By using this development framework, the conflicts and potential problems of design attributes can be reduced and the possibility of achieving PSSs functional requirements (FRs) can be enhanced. This will maintain the long-term operation stability for the system and enhance the sustainability of the PSS. Finally, the feasibility of the development framework is verified here through the case analysis of a bicycle sharing service and management system.


This study aims to explain a statistically significant amount of variance between the constructs manipulativeness, impulsiveness, grit, and need for cognition (NfC) within Machiavellianism and psychopathy in order to provide insights into the cognitive processes involved in distinguishing between these Dark Triad personality traits. Applying a cross-sectional design, test subjects (N = 96) self-reported using the MACH-IV, SRP-III, NFC-S, and Grit Scale for Perseverance and Passion for Long-Term Goals. Hierarchical regression analyses were conducted, and only manipulativeness was found to have predictive qualities in terms of Machiavellianism. For psychopathy, only manipulativeness and impulsiveness were found to have predictive qualities. These results concur with the findings of previous studies and serve to preliminarily eliminate predictive variables NfC and grit within Machiavellianism and psychopathy.


The assessment of concept and function of safety and its development in domestic and abroad are summarized.Accordingh to reality of power generating and supplying enterprises the precedure and focal points for operation are presented.Based on practice,the measures for improving safety assessment and some wrong tendencies are stated.


Visceral vascular abnormalities in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT) include teleangiectasis, arteriovenous fistula (AVF), and aneurysms. Sonographic findings and colour Doppler ultrasound (CDU) features of HHT in the liver have been described in a few reports. Presented here is the CDU finding of liver with HHT involvement in two patients, aged 52 and 29 years, respectively. Power Doppler sonography was also performed in the first patient in whom both CDU and power Doppler sonography could demonstrate the abnormal vascular channels in the liver. In the second patient, aneurysms in the left hepatic lobe and of the splenic artery were noted. Angiography was performed in both patients and confirmed the abnormal vascular lesions demonstrated by CDU and:or power Doppler sonographic findings. © 2000 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.


Workforce & Continuing Education can customize any course to meet the specific needs of our customers. Performance Objectives n Identify the common barriers and concerns of virtual team members n Understand the unique competencies of successful virtual leaders and team members n Explore the five core skills of effective virtual team leadership n Understand when and how to use tools, techniques and technology to lead virtual teams n Utilize best practices to build and maintain trust


V-shaped bending and springback process were studied in this paper.Process parameters' influence on springback law has achieved through finite element simulation.The results indicate that springback angle of V-shape part increases with the increasing of bending angle and material hardening coefficient,and decreases with the increasing of forming degree and strain hardening exponent.


Objective To investigate the clinical effect and complications of uterine arterial embolization(UAE) on uterine fibroid. Methods 63 patients with uterine fibroid were performed UAE with PVA particles and Gelfoam stick after super-selective catheterization. All cases were observed with a follow up of 6 to48 months after treatment . Results Total improvement of symptoms occurred in 98.4%(62/63 ), the volumes of uterine fibroid and uterine were decreased,No serious complication occurred. Conclusions uterine arterial embolization(UAE) is a safe and effective treatment in uterine fibroid and the major complication can be prevented and treated.


A major goal of the space probes Viking 1 and Viking 2, the latter which landed on 3rd September 1976, was to search for the existence of microbial life on Mars. In one experiment (Viking Labelled Release Experiment) led by Principal Investigator Gilbert Levin, biological tests were done in situ on samples of soil [1]. The presumption was that any microorganisms which may be present had metabolic processes broadly similar to those of terrestrial microorganisms. The soil was treated with various nutrients, and expelled gases and the soil itself were examined in several ways.


The paper deals with the existed peoblems of BTG coordination control system of AGC of unit 1 unit 2 of Hubei Ezhou power generation Co.Ltd.,analyzing the reasons of the poor quality system,emphasizing the feasibility of improvement for the control system;raising the improvement scheme and summarizing the real results.


In recent years many academic institutions have been openly promoting their courses to prospective overseas students, particularly from Asia. This article presents the results of an analysis of the issue of teaching Asian students in Western tertiary institutions, observations on the results of a survey of marketing students, and personal experiences, with the aim of giving marketing educators a better understanding of their overseas students.


. This study describes a robotic control application that uses Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology as shared control architecture and Electrooculography (EOG) and Electroencephalography (EEG) biosignals for multimodal Man-Machine Interface. The proposed application had to steer a robot along a given route aimed at helping people with mobility disabilities in performing daily tasks independently. With proper threshold selection, EOG signals were classified. Whereas, EEG interface used Minimum Energy (ME) combination for feature extraction and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) based classifier. Both EOG and EEG signals had been synchronously used for robotic movement control and both complements each other. Further, RFID was used to identify the object and perform the pick/place operation. The proposed model provides longer range of applications with less fatigue. The effectiveness of the proposed model had been verified by controlling a mobile robot successfully. In this study, EOG-EEG-RFID based multimodal interface and shared control approach has been proposed. The application results have been applied to control a robot. The model has three modes: (a) EOG mode, (b) EEG mode, (c) RFID mode. EOG is responsible for two horizontal movements (right, left) and EEG is being used for two movements (forward, backward) and emergency alarm. RFID mode is used to identify the object and to perform pick/place operation.


An increasing number of Buddhist texts are being discovered among old manuscript collections extant in Japan that bear titles identical to the woodblock printed editions produced in China but that differ significantly in content. The discovery in recent years of such texts is helping to shed light on different aspects of the transmission of Buddhist texts,aspects that we would not have learned from the study of the woodblock editions alone. In this paper I would like to take up one such text, namely the text of the San fa du lun 三法度論 found in old manuscript collections. This hitherto unknown text diverges from the known editions,most notably in that it has an independent text titled'San fa du jing ben'三法度經本 by Vasubhadra in its opening. This paper discusses its considerable importance as a text as well as problems that the text raises which require further research. (Received on November 28,2014)


David Maxwell, BPharm, DipHospPharm, DUE Program Coordinator, NSW TAG, Darlinghurst, New South Wales Address for correspondence: David Maxwell, NSW TAG, PO Box 766, Darlinghurst NSW 2010, Australia E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com CONFERENCE OVERVIEW The 23rd International Society for Quality in Health Care (ISQua) conference was held in London, UK in October 2006 with the theme 'Improving healthcare: the challenge of continuous change'. The conference is an annual international meeting that engages interest from across the healthcare system and participants included health professionals, policy makers, administrators, researchers, educators and consumers. I presented the 'Community-acquired pneumonia: towards improving outcomes nationally' (CAPTION) project in the Clinical stream that also included papers on patient safety, medication reconciliation, medication safety and disease state management. It was an ideal opportunity to meet other pharmacists working in the area of quality improvement, with a particular interest in medication use. There was also opportunity to visit the National Patient Safety Agency (NPSA) through the two-day ISQua mentoring program. NPSA is a Special Health Authority within the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK. It was created in July 2001 to coordinate national efforts to report and learn from mistakes and problems that affect patient safety. The national system for reporting patient incidents in the healthcare system was a key topic within the two-day mentoring program. This report includes a summary of lessons learned relevant to the CAPTION project and improving practice, as well as an overview of two reporting systems designed to assist in learning from practice.


In this paper,according to the stope layout characteristic,the upward slicing and cutting is exploited in the thick horizontal crown pillar,we build a mechanical mathematical model for the ceiling of cuts stoping working face using rock fracture process analysis(RFPA)method,and calculate the influence of the layout of cuts along the striking trend and vertical trend to the stability of ceiling respectively,thus we obtain the minimum thickness of the ceiling corresponding to the different spans of cuts.The result of this method is utilized as a better theoretical basis for the layout of the stoping cuts,the control of the span and the length of cuts,as well as the determination of the safe thickness of top-safeguarding layer.It has a guiding significance to the stoping of crown pillar.


The invention provides a maintaining method for a basic input and output system. One remote management end obtains one first setting of the basic input and output system from one first memory bank of the server through one baseboard management controller of one server; the first memory bank is coupled with the baseboard management controller; the first setting of the basic input and output system is remotely modified; the modified first setting of the basic input and output system is stored to the first memory bank by the baseboard management controller; the basic input and output system of the server loads the modified first setting of the basic input and output system for operating.


We address realistic schemes for the generation of non-Gaussian states of light based on conditional intensity measurements performed on correlated bipartite states. We consider both quantum and classically correlated states and different kinds of detection, comparing the resulting non-Gaussianity parameters upon varying the input energy and the detection efficiency. We found that quantum correlations generally lead to higher non-Gaussianity, at least in the low-energy regime. An experimental implementation feasible with current technology is also suggested.


In this paper, we investigate potential contributions of clustering algorithms for flight safety management within airlines. Based on independent analysis of a set of commercial flights with different methodologies, we identify the strengths of each approach. Then, the paper discusses the design of an analysis process using a flight decomposition relying on crew activities and including discrete parameters that reflect crew actions. The results lay the foundations for a better use of such data-mining algorithms in the next generation of Flight Data Monitoring tools used by airlines.


Studies on music in the area of cognitive sciences – quite varied despite their short history – meet with scepticism. The author of this introduction, presenting some spectacular examples of research on musical improvisation, tries to demonstrate that they enrich rather than reduce our understanding of this phenomenon.


Median canaliform dystrophy of Heller is a relatively rare nail abnormality characterized by central single longitudinal split with an inverted fir tree pattern, that commonly involves the thumb nails, rarely other finger nails. The pathogenesis is not entirely clear, the most common hypothesis is repetitive trauma to the proximal nail fold and the underlying nail matrix, also self-induced, or compression by subungual tumors. Familiar cases have been reported. But commonly the cause is idiopathic.


The combination of hexane extract (E4) of rhizome of Acorus gramineus with chloramphenicol (Cm) was applied to Gram negative Cm resistant microbials to find the possibility of clinical use and to clarify the relationship of the activity of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT). The combination of of E4 and of Cm entirely ceased the growth of S. aureus SA2, a gram positive resistant strain to 10 antibiotics. But in Gram negative strains which possess CAT activity, some showed considerably strong resistances to Cm and some did weakly.


occurring during blepharoplasty with a heat-producing instrument did not result in postoperative vision loss. Furthermore, it exemplifies how pain and other complaints experienced by the patient during the procedure must be recognized by the surgeon. Moreover, if corneal lacerations occur, the cornea should immediately be irrigated with saline to minimize thermal injury. Therapeutic contact lenses should be available in the operating roomduring eyelid surgeries to be used in cases of corneal injuries. However, we believe this complication could have been prevented by the use of corneal shields during surgery, and therefore, we suggest the use of plastic and nonconductive corneal shields during all radiofrequency-assisted eyelid surgeries.


Using self-ignited auto-combustion method, Cd doped Ni-Zn Ferrite nano-structures were prepared. Samples were characterized to determine their composition dependent structural and magnetic properties. XRD patterns of as-prepared specimens' revealed cubic spinel structure (single phase). Raman spectra disclosed five active modes consistent to the spinel phase. Magnetic properties of these ferrites were determined in terms of saturation magnetization, magnetic moment. Mossbauer spectra recorded at 300 K temperature Variations of isomer shift, hyperfine field, quadrupole splitting and line width are analyzed with the amount of doped Cadmium.Using self-ignited auto-combustion method, Cd doped Ni-Zn Ferrite nano-structures were prepared. Samples were characterized to determine their composition dependent structural and magnetic properties. XRD patterns of as-prepared specimens' revealed cubic spinel structure (single phase). Raman spectra disclosed five active modes consistent to the spinel phase. Magnetic properties of these ferrites were determined in terms of saturation magnetization, magnetic moment. Mossbauer spectra recorded at 300 K temperature Variations of isomer shift, hyperfine field, quadrupole splitting and line width are analyzed with the amount of doped Cadmium.


The translation of one of Dilthey's essays which aims at a bold synthesis of philosophic idealism with elements of religious psychology, historical methodology, and esthetics.


Given that ubiquitous computing environments are becoming integral to organizational processes in many industries, the integration of previously unconnected technologies is a worthwhile subject of study. However, there are few studies that investigate how organizations adopt assemblages of heterogeneous technologies across contexts. Recognizing that it is only when engaged by social actors that actual consequences of integrated technologies will occur, this paper explores how the increasing availability of information in multiple social and physical contexts may impact organizational practice. An interpretive multiple-case study of road transport organizations combining heterogeneous technologies is analyzed using a practice lens. The analysis of enactments of implemented technologies revealed both intended and unintended outcomes. Reflecting on the contradictory outcomes, the paper makes two contributions: 1) it conceptualizes organizational implications of the integration of embedded, mobile, and stationary technologies; 2) it extends the current understanding of how to study the interplay between agency, structure, and technology in sociotechnical assemblages.


In recent years, several researcher have addressed the issue of detecting social events from social media streams. Such applications provide important benefits to smart cities . However, very few researchers worked on detecting traffic events. These works are either using single social media source or mainly for English data. In this paper, we propose a traffic event detection technique that fuses multiple Arabic social media sources. The fused Arabic social media posts are cleaned and then the traffic posts are identified. To extract locations from the cleaned traffic posts, a location recognizer is built into the proposed technique. In addition to identifying the official location names, we conceptualize a new type of locations, called user-defined locations. To extract the cause of a traffic event, the post is classified into one of the subclasses that represent different causes such as accidents, roadblocks, etc. A developed visualization tool shows the traffic events on a spatio-temporal dynamic map. We validated the results of detecting traffic events and their causes using real traffic data.


To investigate avian influenza infection(AIV) in wild birds,115 tissues or tracheal and cloacal swabs samples,75 fresh feces samples,and 72 serum samples of wild birds were collected from the migrating areas of wild birds from 2006 to 2010.AIV was detected and identified by virus isolation,RT-PCR and serum tests in the national reference laboratory for avian influenza.The results showed that 2 isolates of H5N1 and H3N2 AIV were isolated from turtle dove and mallard tissues.Seventeen samples were found to be positive from 72 serum samples.Of which the seroprevalence of H5(Re-5),H5(Re-4),H6,H7 and H9 subtypes of AIV was 6.94%,1.39%,1.39%,2.78% and 11.11%,respectively.


The article introduces the development of the trencher in the world. It analyses the two kind of trencher and puts forward feasibility of the two methods and a new project for the development of the engineering ditching


The accuracy of flatness actuator efficiency (FAE) is a prerequisite to achieve high precision automatic flatness control. This study proposes an accurate acquisition approach of FAE based on the combination of simulation modeling and data‐driven modeling for flatness control of cold‐rolled strip. First, a 3D rolling feature space model is constructed according to the change interval of rolling process parameters based on rolling conditions. A 3D finite element simulation model is subsequently established to determine the prior value of actuator efficiency at each node in the feature space model. Then, to improve the accuracy of prior value, an online optimization model is developed by means of data‐driven mechanism. The sorting algorithm and the central limit theorem are introduced to filter the measured process data and calculate the variable weighting. The processed data are imported into the model to improve the fitting model. Finally, a linear output prediction model based on the trend extrapolation method is proposed to realize the accurate acquisition of FAE under any rolling conditions. The data analysis of the production process shows that the model is adaptive and accurate, which can realize high precision flatness control.


The cargo transported by ships is over 95% of the world total cargo. Therefore, shipping industry plays an overwhelming role in the transportation of goods, from food supplies to fuels. It is also true that shipping industry is a major player in today's global world economy. The globalisation of ship building has given the shipping industry another important role as it now has a major effect on the end price of 95% of the goods transported worldwide. This all makes the forecasting in shipping industry more and more important. Historically all the studies have been made looking at the effects of supply and demand for various types of vessels in the market. Even though this has a major impact on the market, the research carried out in previous studies of application of neural networks in shipping industry has shown that there is a strong correlation between world seaborne trade and total world cargo fleet. In this study an attempt has been made to forecast the total dry bulk fleet. However, there are no reasons as to why other types of cargo should not have been considered. There are many forecasting techniques but the research reported here has shown that the neural network method is most accurate and is the most commonly used technique in forecasting demand. This paper offers a new approach in application of neural networks in forecasting demand. The approach adopted here not only relies on past data to predict future demand but also takes into consideration several factors as independent and dependent variable inputs in forecasting demand for world bulk fleet in the future. What is also unique is that there is a validation signal giving a means to assess the reliability of the predicted demand.


Private farming is the dominant mode of agricultural production in most European countries. Not all farmers are equally successful, economically, which is usually explained by different levels of production factors, i.e. land, labour and capital. This article analyses whether social capital is an additional factor contributing to higher agricultural incomes. Using primary evidence from a farm survey in Poland among 410 farmers it can be deduced that social capital is indeed a significant factor determining the level of agricultural income. However, its impact is not as clear-cut as anticipated. The elaboration and testing of appropriate indicators has just started. More in-depth analysis will be needed in the future.


The possibility of 130-nm DRAM production with KrF lithography was investigated by simulation. First, the preferable exposure conditions that bring about sufficient exposure latitude (EL) for production were examined for each critical layer. Next, the effect of different mask errors of an attenuated phase shift mask on the EL was examined. In the experiments, a big difference was found on how much the errors reduced EL in the critical layers, and the EL of all patterns was found to change asymmetrically depending on the size comparison of completed mask and target design. In particular, if the contact hole size of Att. PSM is made smaller than design and exposure dosage becomes higher, EL decreases severely because of the sidelobe. As a result, selection of a size that is robust against mask errors instead of a size that exhibits the maximum exposure latitude without mask errors was found to maximize the practical EL in production. In this paper, we report on a novel methodology for 130-nm DRAM cell mask size optimization based on optical lithography simulation and dose-focus budget analyses. We also define the practical mask requirements for 130-nm DRAM production based on our simulation results.


Intan Indah Pertiwi. K2213033. "IMPROVING THE STUDENTS' PARTICIPATION IN SPEAKING BY USING TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT (A Classroom Action Research at the Tenth Grade of SMK Murni 1 Surakarta in the Academic Year 2016/2017)". A Thesis. Surakarta. Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University, 2017. The objectives of this research are: (1) To know whether the use of Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Technique can improve the students' participation in speaking or not and (2) To describe the difficulties in the class during the implementation of Team Games Tournament (TGT). This study used a classroom action research design. The research was conducted on April - May 2017 consisting of two cycles. Each cycle consists of three meetings. Every cycle consists of four steps: planning, action, observation, and reflection. The research participants were the students of class X Keperawatan in SMK Murni 1 Surakarta. There were 16 students, 14 females and 2 males. The data were collected by the researcher using qualitative and quantitative technique. The qualitative data consisted of observation, interview, questionnaire, and test. The researcher used constant comparative technique for qualitative data. Meanwhile, the quantitative data were collected using descriptive statistic by comparing the mean score of the students' test. Based on the data collected as the research findings, it can be seen that Teams Games Tournament (TGT) could improve the students' participation in speaking. The students' participation improvement was shown from the comparison of mean score of the students' participation assessment in cycle 1 and cycle 2. Moreover, there is an improvement on the students' participation in speaking. The mean score of students in pre-test was 57, the mean score in cycle 1 was 78, and the mean score in cycle 2 was 81. This research found out that the students' participation in speaking improved after the implementation of Teams Games Tournament in the classroom. The effective implementation of TGT encouraged the students to actively participate in the learning process and create an enjoyable situation in the speaking learning activities to improve their participation in speaking. Keywords: speaking, participation, teams-games-tournament.


This paper shows that quantum computers can significantly speed-up a type of meet-in-the-middle attacks initiated by Demiric and Selçuk (DS-MITM attacks), which is currently one of the most powerful cryptanalytic approaches in the classical setting against symmetric-key schemes. The quantum DS-MITM attacks are then demonstrated against 6 rounds of the generic Feistel construction supporting an n-bit key and an n-bit block, which was attacked by Guo et al. in the classical setting with data, time, and memory complexities of O(23n/4). The complexities of our quantum attacks depend on the adversary's model and the number of qubits available to the adversary. When the adversary has an access to quantum computers for performing offline computations but online queries are made in a classical manner (so called Q1 model), the attack complexities are O(2n/2) classical queries, O(2/q) quantum computations by using about q qubits. Those are balanced at Õ(2n/2), which significantly improves the classical attack. Technically, we convert the quantum claw finding algorithm to be suitable in the Q1 model, and apply it to reduce the cost of finding a match in the MITM stage. The attack is then extended to the case that the adversary is further allowed to make superposition queries (so called Q2 model). The attack approach is drastically changed from one in the Q1 model; the attack is based on 3-round distinguishers with Simon's algorithm and then appends 3 rounds for key recovery. This can be solved by applying the combination of Simon's and Grover's algorithms recently proposed by Leander and May.


This paper makes a detailed analysis of the two years' experiment carried out between multimedia-assisted college English teaching and traditional classroom teaching.The result of the experiment shows that this kind of teaching method provides the students with good Language and relaxed learning environment The advantages of multimedia teaching methods can be brought into full play,.The students' interests in study can also be aroused and the teaching effect and quality can be greatly improved.Multimedia-assisted college English teaching method provides the new thought and measures for the reform of traditional college English teaching.


Abstract: The firm raise in energy uses tied with pollution has encouraged the researchers to be focused on alternative ways to get pollution free non conventional energy sources. The world is slowly but surely moving towards a rigorous energy crisis, due to an increasing order of energy crossing its supply. Numerous researches are going on to develop different material, different ways and also different renewable fuels which can produce energy. In recent development, by collecting the energy from the environment with the help of wind, sun, water etc. are normally used to give power directly to electric devices or are stored in batteries. This is termed as energy harvestation. In recent studies a new way to harvest energy is seen by using piezoelectric material, generally deals with the energy produced due to mechanical vibration. When a piezoelectric element is strained, it charges up electrically. It is clearly observed that structural elements produce vibration when it comes under dynamic load. Usually different bridge structures come under dynamic load, as an example when a loaded vehicle passes through a bridge. A bridge structure can be compared with a beam under different boundary conditions. So if a precise study is done on energy harvestation by using piezoelectric patch from a beam under dynamic load then it can show a direction to utilize the vibration of different structures to generate electrical voltage. Some researchers have used the piezoelectric patch as long as the beam length to harvest energy. Since Piezoelectric material is very costly so it is not possible to use it to cover up the whole length of a bridge. In this study it is focused to find out a optimized way by which the vibration of different structures can be utilized to generate electricity. A mathematical as well as a finite element model is developed to obtain the voltage output from piezoelectric patch for different conditions. Keywords— ABAQUS, Piezoelectric, Dynamic, Mode shape


The paper deals with the ways Czech phoneme /r/ combines with other phonemes when it functions as the syllable nucleus. Although it is not certain what the phonetic difference between the syllabic and non-syllabic /r/ is, if any, it is widely agreed that /r/ functions in Czech as the nucleus of the phonological syllable when occurring between two consonants or between a consonant and the end of the word. These two contexts are examined through their occurrence in Czech words and as to the consonants with which /r/ combines. It is demonstrated that the combinational capacities of the syllabic /r/ are considerably different to those of the (syllabic) vowels, because /r/ can co-occur with fewer consonants and/or their combinations.


Provided is a moistureproof insulation material that has a solid content concentration that is able to secure a thickness capable of achieving sufficient moistureproofness after coating/drying, within a viscosity range wherein the moistureproof insulation material can be easily applied with a dispenser, and that has excellent adhesion characteristic with respect to glass base material or polyimide, and excellent long-term insulation reliability. Also provided is an electronic part insulated with the moistureproof insulation material. The present invention is a moistureproof insulation material comprising a styrenic thermoplastic elastomer, a tackifier, and a solvent, and is characterized in having the aforementioned solvent further comprising an aliphatic hydrocarbon type solvent having a boiling point of not less than 80 DEG C and less than 110 DEG C, and a solvent comprising dialkyl carbonate indicated by the following chemical formula (1) (diethyl carbonate or dimethyl carbonate, for example). Preferably, the solvent further comprises an aliphatic hydrocarbon type solvent having a boiling point of not less than 110 DEG C and less than 140 DEG C (ethylcyclohexane or dimethylcyclohexane, for example). (R1 and R2 in the chemical formula (1) indicate a methyl group and an ethyl group, respectively, and independent of each other)


In the mid-1930s, a group of Japanese writers initiated a "literature of action" and, by appropriating the newly popular term chishikijin (intellectual), they pleaded for a renaissance of intellectuals. Their claims triggered a debate between liberal-humanists and orthodox Marxists on the sociopolitical mission of writers and the role of intellectuals. This debate was important in the shifting meaning of the term "intellectual" which reflected the cultural and political background of the time. It also laid the groundwork for the postwar debate on the social responsibility of the writer as intellectual, demonstrating the continuity in intellectual discourse between prewar and postwar Japan.


This paper explores the effects of individual emotional encounters in mixed motive situations on each individual outcomes, dyadic outcomes, and attitudes in an electronic communication context. Results of the experiment show that positive emotions expressed online tended to lead to greater emotional contagion than did negative emotions, and can be beneficial for a future relationship, while negative emotions online tended to exert influence over individual gains. Specifically, our data indicates that those participants who negotiated with an emotionally negative other obtained lower individual outcomes than did their counterparts, while those negative counterparts had the biggest share of the pie among all conditions. Implications for theory and research are discussed.


From ACM Sir John Cheshire KBE, CB, FRAeS Chairman Royal Air Force Charitable Trust Sir/Madam May I, through your columns, thank all those who ...


In 2014, the Ontario Ministry of Education updated the French as a Second Language curriculum. This qualitative research sought to understand strategies teachers use to create a more inclusive and equitable environment for English Language Learners and how the French as a Second Language (FSL) curriculum supports FSL teachers. Semistructured interviews with three experienced teachers revealed teachers' and researchers' propensity to assume students' needs, and the importance of students' voices in research. Additionally, the findings highlighted the teacher's capability to empower and build selfconfidence in students to be advocates for their own learning as a means of providing students with self-reliance and resiliency when integrating in a new or unfamiliar environment. Furthermore, incorporating students' linguistic and cultural backgrounds strategically and intentionally in the FSL classroom can supplement their language acquisition in a positive manner and create a classroom atmosphere that is built on mutual respect, inclusivity, and understanding of differences.


There was an error in one of the equations in my article entitled «Analysis of metabolic control: new insights using scaled creatine kinase model»


The discovery of a highly valuable and beautiful map has sparked enthusiasm for bringing more of our unique historical Colorado maps into the public eye. As institutions digitize and share more of their holdings, the value of local specialty items becomes increasingly clear. Because commonly held items are now so easily discovered through shared cataloging and enormous scanning projects (such as Google Books), we feel it is important to move staff time and resources into revealing these unique holdings.


A new method of plasma diagnostics, based on investigations of the flux of neutral atomic particles emitted by a plasma, makes it possible to determine the magnitude of the flux of neutral particles having energies above 100 ev, investigate the energy distribution of the particles and their flux distribution over time, and analyze them according to mass. In measuring the flux parameters, the individual particles are registered after their conversion to ions by collision stripping in a gas and acceleration with a voltage of 10 to 20 kv. The method was used on the Alpha assembly to study a flux of neutral particles emitted by a plasma, with energies ranging from 100 ev to 10 kev. It was found that the flux consists for the most part of atomic hydrogen. The energy distribution of the atoms does not have a minimum in the energy range above 100 ev; thus it is not a Maxwellian distribution. The data show that the presence of this flux in the Alpha assembly is one of the main causes of energy losses from a plasma. A number of thoughts regarding the mechanism of neutralization of ions in a plasma are put forward on the basismore » of experimental data; the relation between the energy distribution of the atoms emitted by a plasma and that of ions in the plasma is also examined. (auth)« less


As we go to press the Republican senators are still in "exile" in Massa-achusetts, following a "gas attack" in the senate chamber. The chairman of the Republican state committee, a Rhode Island gambler, and a Boston man of unsavory reputition have been indicated as being responsible for placing the "bomb." The attorney general, who secured the indictment, is a Democrat.


Newborn terminal buds and stem segment with axillary buds of Melia azedarach were used as explants for tissue conduct. The results showed that the induction effect of new terminal buds was better than stem segment with axillary buds. So they were the ideal explants of tissue culture. The optimum medium formula of bud induction culture was MS + NAA 0. 2 mg·L- 1+ 6-BA 2. 0 mg·L- 1and the bud rate reached 92. 15%. The optimum combination of multiplication culture was MS + KT 2. 0 mg·L- 1+ NAA 0.05 mg·L- 1. During rooting culture,1 /2MS + IBA 0. 5 mg·L- 1+ NAA 0. 2 mg·L- 1was the optimum medium. When the transplanting matrix was peat ∶ sand = 1∶ 1,the survival rate was maximal for 89.21% with the ideal of seedling also was the best.


The environmental challenges and population growth come as evidence of the importance of thinking about other means of production, while maintaining the safety and reliability of the electrical system. As far as the charges are concerned, we can predict the appearance of a new type: electric vehicles. Simultaneous charging of multiple electric vehicles in a distribution network can result in a significant load. The main purpose in this paper is to examine a novel method for optimal control of energy flows between the distribution network and multiple electric vehicles (EV). A specialized software - LINDO is used for solving the optimization problem.


To improve the accuracy in low resolution face recognition, a method based on super-resolution joint feature mapping is proposed. Firstly, a two-branch convolutional neural network is designed to extract features of high and low resolution face images. A super-resolution enhanced network cascading feature extraction network is used for feature mapping of low resolution face images. In this way, the high frequency information of low resolution image can be reconstructed, and features are extracted. Secondly, a fusion loss method is utilized, in which the loss of cosine and the image reconstruction are weighted and fusioned to increase the cosine similarity between image features of different resolutions. Finally, the experimental results based on FERET dataset validate that the test accuracy of two-branch framework is up to 98.2%, 99.1%, 99.5% with resolutions of 20× 20, 24× 24, and 36× 36 obtained by smooth downsampling. The proposed model outperforms up-to-date low resolution face recognition methods.


Students will create a newscast which will explain how one of the early Texas explorers impacted the future of the state.


INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Patients with high-grade renal trauma (HGRT) who undergo nephrectomy may be at higher risk for mortality compared to those who receive conservative management. However, n...


A few biholomorphic convex mappings on the unit ball in Cn for n > 1 are known. In this pape we shall prove some sufficient conditions for biholomorphic convex mappings on Reinhardt d Bn p in C n. Some results of Roper and Suffridge, Hamada and Kohr on B 2 are extended toB n p. From these, we may construct some concrete biholomorphic convex mappings on Bn p.  2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


The reference node (RN) is a central node that has minimum distance/hop count to all other nodes in the network. This central node can play several critical roles such as being the time reference in order to synchronise computer nodes. For synchronisation, the main goal is to minimise the sum of synchronisation errors. The time synchronisation error, known for each link between two nodes, accumulates for each hop along the path used for synchronisation between two nodes. In such a context, the best RN is defined as having the minimal sum of time synchronisation errors between itself and every other node. Thus, the first step for error minimisation is to select a minimum spanning tree (MST), formed by the links with minimum synchronisation error, as synchronisation path. The second step is to select an RN, which minimises the sum of synchronisation errors to all nodes in the MST, as time reference for synchronisation. In a dynamic network, where communication links appear and disappear, and synchronisation accuracy improves as more packets are exchanged, a static RN would entail suboptimal synchronisation accuracy. All existing models in this area are limited to static RNs because of the computing cost of updating the RN, yielding a suboptimal total synchronisation error over time and causing problems if the selected node is removed from the dynamic network. This paper presents a novel and efficient method for dynamic RN selection in dynamic networks. The approach proposed in this paper improves the performance of RN computation and update in live mode for dynamic networks. This new method concentrates on the altered path with respect to the RN, each time the MST is updated. This provides an efficient way to find and maintain a RN incrementally in an average time complexity of O(log n) per update, which n is the total number of nodes in the network. The proposed approach was tested with a huge dynamic network containing 60 000 simulated nodes, in a number of different situations. The proposed approach achieves excellent running time while minimising synchronisation error. Although this work is currently used for time synchronisation purposes, several dynamic network tools can benefit from an efficient incremental algorithm to calculate hop counts and select a central point for the network. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd


The database BDFGeotherm, containing physical, chemical and hydrogeological information on more than 200 deep fluids from 84 sites in Switzerland and some neighbouring regions, was first compiled on ACCESS code and was later modified to improve its availability and attractiveness by using Google Earth free software and the CREGE website (www.crege.ch/BDFGeotherm/). BDFGeotherm is a functional tool for various phases of a geothermal project such as exploration, production or fluid re-injection. This database allows gathering existing geothermal data, generally widely dispersed and often difficult to reach, towards a user's friendly tool. Downloading the file "BDFGeotherm.kmz" from the CREGE website makes possible to visualize the 84 geothermal sites from Switzerland and neighbouring areas. Each one is represented with a pinpoint of different colour, for diverse temperature ranges. A large majority of sites is located in the northern part of the Jura Mountain and in the upper Rhone Valley. General information about water use, geology, flow rate, temperature and mineralization are given in a small window by clicking on the desired pinpoint. Moreover, two links to Internet addresses are available for each site in each window, allowing returning to the CREGE website or providing more details on each sampling point such as: geographical description, reservoir geology, hydraulics, hydrochemistry, isotopes and geothermal parameters. For a limited number of sites, photos and a geological log can be viewed and exported (Sonney et al., 2009).


With the explosive growth in the availability of various kinds of data and application of large-scale parallel computing in the data mining, the parallel data mining has been applied to many departments of the society. At the meantime, for some reasons, the process of data mining cannot be parallelized completely. It is significant to do research to achieve the aim. This paper analyzes the state of the art of the parallel data mining, presents the perspective of parallel data mining and points out the future work in this area.


In conjunction with research being conducted into providing computer based tools to support code users the National Research Council of Canada has also undertaken a research and development program to support the Authors of Code documents. Support for the Code Writers has been based upon the adoption of the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) as a mechanism for supporting the management, publication, and information enrichment of the code development and delivery process.All of the current National Building Code documents have been converted to SGML and an Office Document Management System (ODMS) has been implemented to support this process. In addition, a number of prototype authoring tools have been developed to both hide the code authors fromthe SGML encoding of their text and at the same time ensure that the text of the code articles are consistent with the rest of the document.


For the solution of linear systems with the general non-symmetric coeecient matrices based on parallel SIMD machines, M. Hanke and M. Hochbruck 9] have done some experiments on the development of iterative methods and their implementations based on Maspar. From their results on the execution time for the basic linear algebra routines and the time that is required in average to perform one iteration by each representative case of conjugate gradient-type, semi-iterative and hybrid methods, we can see that the semi-iterative methods are by far most inexpensive per iteration, and the GMRES(16) is most expensive. For semi-iterative methods, no computation of inner product which is more expensive in term of computational time is necessary. It has a certain advantage in computational time per iteration over parameter-free methods. We will present more timing results of new methods based on their parallel versions: CGS, QMR, and TFQMR methods and compare the performance and accuracy with semi-iterative methods whose main drawback is their requirement for some spectral information before the algorithms start.


Abstract : The art of warfare to the terrorist is a sacrosanct event, waged with incontrovertible conviction and viewed as a mere extension of an ill-defined front on an endless field of battle. This SRP hopes to show the strategic impact of illicit drug manufacture and distribution on (I) financial sustainment of the terrorist organization, (2) its (illicit drugs) viability as a weapon of mass destruction, and (3) potential to impair the readiness of U.S. Armed Forces. I will seek to convey through historical overview and current events the symbiotic relationship that exists between illicit drugs and terrorism, to include the funneling of illicit drug profits to sustain known terrorist organizations, the trading of illicit drugs to obtain military weaponry, and upsurge of illicit drug use by U.S. military personnel. Additionally, it discusses certain aspects of on going U.S. military operations in Afghanistan and Colombia, showing a corollary increase of opium and coca production/distribution from those regions.


We verify the accuracy and the truncation errors of approximation to the first derivatives and to Laplacian operator in the lattice Boltzmann method. The truncation errors are calculated by the Taylor series expansion, and the influences are analytically and numerically examined in the simulation of two-phase flow. We propose the 4th-order accurate approximations to derivatives that utilize the property of the tensor unlike the finite difference. The numerical solutions with various approximations agree well with the theoretical ones within the error of 7% in the test of the Laplace's law. Application of the 4th-order accurate approximation scheme to two-phase flow simulation reduces the spurious current around the interface of a stationary droplet about to one-half of the results with the 2nd-order accuracy. The small spurious velocity in the vicinity of the interface of the 4th-order approximation increases the speed of a moving droplet, and distorts the shape of the droplet little. In the simulation of phase separation, the growth rate of the typical domain size calculated with FFT is strongly affected by the truncation error in surface-tension driven regime for short time. It is seen that the 4th-order approximation saturates at 2nd-order accuracy in simulation of a decaying Taylor vortex flow, because the convergence rate of the LBM is 2nd-order in space. It is shown that the approximation method affects the important physical values, such as velocity, moving speed, or domain size in numerical simulations.


The sequence coding mature peptide of anti-lipopolysaccharide factor(ALFFc)was cloned from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis,and a prokaryotic expression vector pET-DsbA-ALFFc was constructed by PCR and recombinant DNA techniques.A high-productivity colony of transformed E.coli BL21(DE3) was obtained by IPTG screening method.The optimal conditions for the introduction of the fused protein were investigated,which are described as follows: final IPTG concentration is 0.8 mmol/L,initial OD600 is 0.7,and introduction is conducted at 37 ℃ for 3 h.The purified recombinant protein DsbA-ALFFc was used as antigen to prepare antiserum in New Zealand white rabbit,which provides the basis for further functional analysis of ALFFc.


Objective To explore repair role of allogeneic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BM-MSCs) transplantation on treating hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury(HIRI) in rats.Methods Ten rats were executed to get BM-MSCs,then BM-MSCs were cultured in vitro and dyed by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI).Models of 70% hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury were eatablished.Thirty two rats were randomly divided into sham operation group(Sham group),ischemia reperfusion group(I/R group),Vitamin C group(VC group),and BM-MSCs group.Serum samples were analyzed for ALT and AST,and hepatic tissue were for superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA).Liver sections were stain with hematoxylin and eosin(HE) for histological analysis,TUNEL staining was applied to detect hepatic apoptosis.Serum and tissues were both collected at 24 h after reperfusion.Results The isolated BM-MSCs maintained vigorous growth in vitro.Specific markers for MSCs antigens CD29 and CD44 were detected by flow cytometry,but antigens CD34 and CD45 were not be detected.Models of HIRI were stable,and BM-MSCs were detected around the periportal area by DAPI staining.Compared with I/R group,levels of ALT,AST,MDA,and AI in the VC group and BM-MSCs group decreased at 24 h after reperfusion(P0.05),meanwhile SOD level increased(P0.05).Compared with VC group,levels of ALT,AST,MDA,and AI in the BM-MSC group decreased at 24 h after reperfusion(P0.05),meanwhile SOD level increased(P0.05).Conclusion BM-MSCs could protect HIRI by alleviating oxidative stress and inhibiting cellular apoptosis.


In this work we have proposed a numerical solution based on local geometrical diffraction model and Gaussian ray-bundles generated by means of the Monte Carlo method, for the study of the Gaussian beams diffracted by a radial grating. We have compared it with numerical models that give shape to the solutions proposed for this problem in previous works. The result of this comparison is an excellent agreement between the numerical models. An exception has been shown in the case of an incident beam with the waist in the focal region of gratings with smaller radius and a large number of lines. The cause of this dissent is that the aberrations have been taken into account by the local geometrical diffraction.


The study addresses the question of how the Kurdistan Regional Government can improve the private-sector labor market in the Kurdistan Region–Iraq. Doing so will involve creating mechanisms by which job-seekers can develop the right skills and find employers who will hire them, employers can find the employees they need, and the government can create an enabling environment in which the best matches between job-seekers and employers can be made.


Segregation and chemical ordering on 2575 are studied by quantitative low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) analysis and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Although LEED patterns do not show any sign of superstructure, LEED calculations undoubtedly point to a surface that contains about the same amount of both species and reveal a significant short-range chemical ordering (down to the third layer). Pt and Co surface sites are locally arranged with a (1×2) unit cell, in the manner of the ordered tetragonal L10 phase. More direct evidence is given by STM images that exhibit parallel Pt and Co monoatomic chains a few lattice constants long and an apparent height difference of about 0.2 Å for Pt and Co sites. LEED shows that the Pt sublattice in the top layer actually resides 0.1 Å above the Co one. Otherwise the surface is bulk-like, with weak relaxations of interlayer distances. The use of a chemically ordered model for the LEED analysis, in which sublattice occupancies are optimized, results in a remarkable improvement of the fit with experiment as compared to a totally random distribution; however, most interestingly, it does not modify the average layer concentration profile versus depth (55, 5 and 35 at.% Pt, respectively, for the three outermost layers). The distortions needed for the tetragonal 0 phase with respect to the fcc 2 phase explain why chemical order does not extend over larger domains. Finally, both techniques yield complementary pictures and quite consistent results as to the top layer content and chemical order. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All


The invention relates to a concentrated detergent with the following composition: 0.5-8.0% by weight of at least one salt of alkyl sulfate C5-C, 12, from 4.0 to 15.0% BY WEIGHT of at least one additive GARMENT, 4.0 to 10% by weight of at least one alkanolamine, AND AT LEAST ONE proteolytic enzyme EXISTS ON THE MARKET IN A NUMBER OF 0.005-0.1 Anson, also optionally acids or bases USUAL FOR DETERMINING THE PH, sequestering USUAL USUAL AND PRESERVATIVES; THE REST TO GET TO 100% by weight water. It DESCRIBES A PROCEDURE FOR CLEANING SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS THE FOLLOWING STEPS: STANDING IN A AQUEOUS ASOLUCION 0.5 to 100% A CONCENTRATED DETERGENT D ELAS according claims 1 to 6, having a pH of 8 - 9 TAKE ACTION GETS THE SOLUTION FOR A TIME OF 2 S - 20 min at 55 thermodisinfection TO ENVIRONMENTAL.


Objective To explore the optimal method of enhancing hand hygiene rate of medical and nursing personnel.Methods Based on spot observation of hand hygiene rate of medical and nursing personnel,they were randomly divided into three groups: integrated intervention group,uni-training group and control group with handwashing environment improvement.Eight months later,spot observation was conducted again to evaluate hand hygiene rate.Results Before intervention,hand hygiene rate of medical and nursing personnel was 60.3%.After intervention,the rate was 74.5%,63.3% and 60.1% respectively.And there was significant difference between integrated group and other two groups as well as that before intervention(P0.01).But there was no significant difference in hand hygiene rate between the uni-training group,and the control group as well as that before intervention(P0.05).Conclusion Repeated,intensified training with various ways,administration combined with awards and punishment,and improvement of hand hygiene facilities are effective in enhancing the hand hygiene rate of medial and nursing personnel.


This study aims to obtain empirical evidence about the extent of (1) Effect of the implementation of the internal control system of the misuse of assets, and (2) Effect of the role of the inspectorate of the misuse of assets. This study considered the causative research. The population in this study is a Work Unit (SKPD) Padang. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to the respondents directly concerned. Processing the data using SPSS version 17.0 for windows. This study used a technique that is as much as 45 Total Sampling Unit (SKPD). The method of analysis used is multiple regression analysis with the misuse of assets as the dependent variable and the role of the inspectorate and the implementation of internal control systems as independent variables. The results of this study indicate (1) the existence of a significant and negative effect of the implementation of the internal control system of municipal against unauthorized asset tcount <ttable is -2.206 <-1.666 (sig.0, 031 <0.05) means that H1 is accepted (2) the existence of a significant and negative role of the inspectorate of the misuse of assets with tcount <ttable is -2,307 <-1.666 (sig.0, 024 <0.05) means that H2 is accepted.. In this study suggested inspectorate and apparatus for SPI to further improve the quality and independence in performing tasks in order to promote the establishment of a clean SKPD performance of these practices, especially acts of abuse diversion of assets. So the realization of a clean financial management, effective and efficient. For further research, if researchers are also using the same questionnaire should increase the number of samples and adding other variables that affect the misuse of assets. Keywords: the implementation of internal control systems of municipal, role of the inspectorate, misuse of assets


BACKGROUND: This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of FNAC, Z-N staining & culture (BACTEC) for the diagnosis of TB Lymphadenitis (TBL). METERIALS AND METHODS: Total of 350 patients (M=180 & F=170) of suspected TBL were included in this study & fine needle aspiration from enlarge lymph node was carried out in all patients. The material obtained was used for cytological examination, ZN smears and BACTEC culture. Gross appearance of aspirate was also noted as either purulent or cheesy or blood mixed. Diagnosis of tuberculous-lymphadenitis was made when following criteria were met: Epithelioid cell granuloma with or without necrosis and/or smear positivity of acid fast bacilli and/or culture isolating mycobacteria. RESULTS: On cytological examination TBL were present in 230(65.71%) cases, Nonspecific lymphadenitis was present in 100 cases and suppurative inflammation was present in 20 cases. Out of 350 cases AFB was present in 140(40%) cases on Z-N staining & culture was positive for mycobacteria in 180(51.42 %) cases by BACTEC technique. There was a blood mixed aspirate was found in 160 case, cheesy in 70 cases and purulent in 120 cases. On cytological finding, 20 had Epithelioid cell granuloma without necrosis, 160 had Epithelioid cell granuloma with necrosis & 50 had Necrosis without granuloma. CONCLUSION: FNAC serves as one of the most accurate frontline method for the diagnosis of Tuberculous Lymphadenitis & it should be performed in all suspected cases of TBL. It is effectively supplemented by Ziehl-Neelson Staining as well as Culture methods (BACTEC) to obtain more accurate


A transmitter equalizer scheme with FFE and internal boost scheme is presented. For achieving over 6Gbps speed, 4:1 MUX structure is proposed, as well as Quadrate Error Correction (QEC) and internal boost is implemented for reducing jitter. As a result, signal eye height is increased by 7.5%, also jitter is decreased by 84%. In addition, an equalizer with FFE is implement to increase eye height by 15% and decrease jitter by 60%.


Abstract It is suggested that vulnerability to depression may be exacerbated by misconceptions of happiness as a higher order goal only obtainable through attainment of lower order goals. Thus, depressed individuals may effectively have put their happiness "on hold" throughout the process of goal pursuit. The perception of prolonged unhappiness during the process of goal pursuit may lead to rumination and depression. In support of this theory, longitudinal evidence has been obtained from the present study suggesting that individuals who pursue important academic, social and fitness goals in order to gain happiness are more likely to become depressed than those that pursue the same goals for personal enjoyment. The study explores the concept of "linking" (McIntosh, 1996) in relation to rumination and depression. An individual who "links" makes their happiness and well being conditional upon achievement of specific goals. Regression analyses are carried out on data obtained from 90 adolescents over six mont...


Transmetalation of 1-lithiotetrahydroisoquinolyloxazolines with magnesium halides affords Grignard reagents that add to aldehydes with up to 80% selectivity for one of the four possible diastereomeric products. An oxazoline chiral auxiliary derived from camphor provides an optimal blend of diastereoselectivity and isomer separability. Synthetic applications of the optimal auxiliary, patterned after a literature approach in the racemic series, comprise an improved (formal) synthesis of bicuculline, egenine, and corytensine, as well as an efficient synthesis of corlumine. Preliminary NMR studies show that both 1-lithio- and 1-magnesiotetrahydroisoquinolyloxazolines are dynamic mixtures in THF solution at low temperatures. The barrier to pyramidal inversion of the secondary Grignard reagent is in the 9.8-10.1 kcal/mol range, while an upper limit of about 8.2 kcal/mol can be assigned to the barrier to the organolithium inversion.


Six sandy beach stations along the Jordan Gulf of Aqaba were selected for macrofaunal examination during November 1980. Fifteen core samples (0.01 m2 to a depth of 10–15 cm) were taken at each station; five at the high tide line, five at the low tide line, and five midway.

Twenty-two taxa were encountered from all stations. Polychaetes were the most diverse group with seven taxa, followed by molluscs and crustaceans with six and five taxa respectively. Animal diversity, using the Shannon-Wiener Index, was generally low. Based on the biological index value of McCLOSKEY (1970), seven taxa were considered the community dominants. These are: the polychaetes, Glycera tesselata, Pisione remota, Saccocirrus sp., and Perinereis nuntia; the isopod Eurydice arabica; a nemertean and an oligochaete.


A metabolic relationship between biotin and aspartic acid has been demonstrated in many living forms. Burk, Win&r, and du Vigneaud (1) observed that either biotin or aspartate was capable of st,imulating the fermentation and nitrogen assimilation of biotin-deficient yeast (Saccha~omyces cc7euisiae) in media containing ammonia. Independently Koser, Wright, and Dorfman (2) found that asps&ate partially replaced biotin for Tot-da cremoris. In 1947, Stokes el al. (3) presented evidence that biotin, in some manner, promotes the synthesis of aspartate by several bacterial species. A study of the mechanism by which biotin affects the synthesis of aspartate was therefore undertaken. It was found (4) that oxalacetate could partially replace aspartate in promoting growth of biotin-deficient Luciobadlus arabinosus. Since Lyman el al. (5) had shown that CO* stimulates aspnrtate synthesis by lactobacilli, it seemed likely that biotin was exerting its influence on aspartate synthesis by way of the Wood-Werkman (6) condensation of pyruvate and CO1 to yield oxalacetate. Growth experiments did indeed demonstrate that bicarbonate greatly stimulated growth of L. arubinosus in aspartate-free media if biotin were present and that bicarbonate elicited no growth response in low biotin media (4). Using their technique of inhibilion analysis, Shivc and Rogers (7) independently reached the conclusion that biotin participated in CO, fixation into oxalacetate and a-ketoglutarate. About the same time Lichstein and Umbreit (8) demonstrated that biotin restored the ability of aged Escherichia coli cells to decarboxylate oxalacetate. To obtain further information on the function of biotin, studies were made of the uptake of P-labeled bicarbonate by normal and biotin-deficient cells of L. urabinosua.


Infrared signal transmission(1-5µm) trough zirconium fluoride glass fibers is used for non-contact temperature measurement. A radiometer was developed for temperature measurement between 30°C and 150°C. The output signal of the infrared detector, amplified by a lock in amplifier, is processed by a computer in function of controlled blackbody temperature. The dependence of the radiometer signal on the blackbody temperature is presented. Experimental and theoritical results are compared. Wider use of this device can be predicted for medical and biological applications.


Sodium phosphate salts catalyzed the reaction of THPC with urea. Cotton textiles treated with a solution containing 26.6% THPC, 8.4% urea, 4% dibasic sodium phosphate and sufficient NaOH to adjust the pH to 6, dried 85°C and cured at 160°C for 1 to 2 minutes passed the DOC FF 3-71 flame test after 50 laundry cycles. The samples retained 90 and 65-70% of their breaking and tearing strength respectively without the use of softeners


The approach is based on an experimental set-up in which coated surface of the specimen was exposed to high temperature environment and inner metal surface was cooled by flowing air, simulating the actual gas turbine applications. The 8% yttria-stabilized zirconia coating was made by plasma spray method on a cylindrical specimen. This arrangement could be set-up in a laboratory. By measuring the overall thermal resistances of specimens, it has been shown that the thermal conductivity of the coating segment can be determined by the differences in thermal resistances of two specimens with and without coating. The objective of the present work is to extract the thermal conductivity of the thermal barrier coating under the condition that is nearly the same as the actual application. The effective thermal conductivities of coatings found to be 0.11 to 0.16W/mK, while those measured by laser flash method in literature varied from 1 to 1.4W/mK. [doi:10.2320/matertrans.M2013172]


The purposes of this study were to investigate the use of college library and user satisfaction in order to identify the ways of developing strategies to the active use of the library. In order to answer the research questions, the survey was conducted with the 204 undergraduate in the K University....


Single-mode fiber is rapidly becoming the medium of choice for lightwave communications systems carrying long distance terrestrial and submarine traffic as well as local distribution and local area networks traffic. Widespread and convenient utilization of single-mode fibers requires reliable and reasonably priced hardware such as low-loss backplane and field connectors, laser-fiber couplers, and directional couplers. The main drawback of single-mode fibers, which makes fabrication of these components difficult, is their small core size, on the order of 5-10μm. All hardware constructed from and for these fibers, where two cores or light source and core have to be aligned, are inherently very sensitive to axial and transversal displacements as well as to tiny dust particles. These displacements can be induced mechanically or thermally, while the dust comes from just routine handling.


Structural analogs of the nematic liquid crystal p‐methoxybenzylidene‐n‐butylaniline (MBBA) have been synthesized and the static orientational pair correlations (OPC) have been examined by light scattering. From the intensity of the depolarized Rayleigh scattered light, the OPC's have been determined in the neat isotropic liquid and in solution with carbon tetrachloride as a function of concentration and temperature for two of these molecules, p ‐methylbenzylidene‐n ‐butylaniline (MBA) and p ‐ethylbenzylidene‐n ‐butylaniline (EBA). The density dependence of the OPC's of these molecules and MBBA are analyzed in terms of the structure and polarity of the scattering molecules. The OPC's of the isotropic liquid trans ‐cinnamaldehyde have also been determined. We find that the molecular size and shape (repulsive forces) largely determine the extent of orientational order in these liquids. The attractive intermolecular forces affect the orientational order (static OPC) by increasing the density (at a given temp...


As an emerging subject,watershed management is a system coordinating management,reservation and utilization of watershed resources at basin scale,and it is also a subdiscipline of management science for achieving scientific and sustainable development,and ecological civilization construction.In this paper,the formation and development of watershed management were comprehensively interpreted and the management objectives,features and shortcomings of three types of management models including unified water resource management,water quality target control management and integrated unified management were summarized.The multi-level and unified pollution control system covering watershed-region-pollution control unit-pollution source should be established for modern watershed management.Through the discussions about the development of watershed management in China in combination with the practice in Liaohe River Basin,the contents related to development trend of intelligent management tools,ecological management,and integrated management mechanisms for watershed management was expounded.


Purpose – Organizations are facing a rapidly changing environment and there is a greater need to understand customers' demands and competitors' strategies for the development of product innovation. The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of market orientation, market knowledge and customer knowledge management on product innovation performance from the perspective of dynamic capability.Design/methodology/approach – The data were collected from high‐tech firms in Taiwan. This study employs the structural equation model (SEM) to examine the relationships between market orientation, market knowledge, customer knowledge management and product innovation performance.Findings – The findings of this study suggest market orientation has no significant impact on product innovation performance, and market knowledge and customer knowledge management mediate the relationship between market orientation and product innovation performance.Research limitations/implications – This paper suggests the considerat...


In this paper, we propose the numerical simulation of the internal Cr-plating process of bored gunbarrels, displaying corner-shaped features. The growth of the Cr layer over a machined step is simulated by modelling the current density distribution under mixed activation and mass-transport control and correlating the local instantaneous current density to the growth rate. The problem with non-linear and time-dependent boundary conditions is solved by the FDM method in an iterative scheme. Experimental kinetic data were used to obtain an analytical form of the boundary conditions (relating local overvoltage to local current density); original routines were devised in order to achieve efficient convergence with realistic cathodic kinetics. Experimental parameters from an industrial production plant were used to model the hydrodynamic effects on the growth of the coating. Predictions of Cr-coating growth profiles were compared with experiments.


This highly-integrated chip-set provides all the elements of a DCC system with standardized interfacing and minimal peripheral components. The deviccs have been optimisd to meet the requirements of a range of audio systems including portable, car, Midi and hi-fi equipments.


Gall and Sword is one opera created from the legend metaphoric story meaning "to endure hardships to accomplish some ambition".The author Cao Yu devoted all to the creation of the play,nevertheless,from the classical literary standard,the play has all kind of "fragmentation",or "new superstition" named by Premier Zhou,which was caused by " sense overwhelming sensibility".The reason behind this "new superstition" is very complicated.A lot of playwrights lost their creative motive and inner self.The language exploration was still not against the taboo in that time,and Cao Yu made a breakthrough in creation and expressed his long-suppressed inner though through language exploration.


Background: Viruses have been implicated in the aetiology/pathogensis of unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy. 6% of adult Jamaicans are HTLV-1 seropositive. We therefore explored the relationship between HTLV-1 infectious cases and unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy in Jamaica. Methods: Thirteen patients were recruited from Kingston Public Hospital Cardiology clinic, to study HTLV-1 seroprevalence in patients with unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy (WHO criteria: LVEF< 45 %, LVIDd>117% of upper limit for age and BSA without evidence of coronary disease, severe hypertension, excess alcohol intake, valvular heart disease and HIV infection). The HTLV-1 seroprevalence in a group of patients without dilated cardiomyopathy registered in the cardiology clinic was then compared. HTLV1 antibodies were detected by ELISA and confirmed where positive by Western Blot. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between HTLV-1 seropositivity and unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy. Results: HTLV1 seroprevalence in 11 patients (7 males, 3 females) with unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy and 30 (11 males, 19 females) controls were compared. Three (27%) patients with cardiomyopathy and 3 (10%) of controls had HTLV-1 antibodies the crude OR (95%CI) for HTLV1 seropositivity was 3.36 (0.57-20.10). The age and sex adjusted OR (95%CI) was 2.71(0.43-17.19). Conclusion: There may be an association between HTLV-1 infection and unexplained dilated cardiomyopathy in Jamaica. A larger study is required to further explore this potential relationship. Category: Epidemiology. ISSN: 2638-5368 DOI: 10.32474/ACR.2018.01.000117


Objective
To analyze and compare hospital beds resources deployment and average days of stay of China, the United States, Australia, the UK and Chile from 2003 to 2012, for references in improving the efficiency of hospital bed resources in China.

Methods
Time series analysis was used to study the resources deployment of hospital beds of the five countries in such timeframe, with comparative analysis of their beds deployment, doctor-nurse ratio and days of stay using data of 2012 separately.

Results
Such a timeframe has witnessed differences in the hospital beds of these countries.For example, China's hospital beds per 1 000 people during this period rose by 73.56% against a decline in other countries; a lower bed-nurse ratio in China than other countries; considerable rising hospital discharges in China and slight rising in Australia with declines in the others; declining average days of stay in all five countries, with a considerable gap between China and other four countries.

Conclusions
Hospital beds keep increasing year by year, but the average days of stay remain high in China, while overuse and underuse of such beds are found at the same time.Shorter average days of stay have become a key way out for easing the patients' demand and improving the efficiency of hospital beds.

Key words:
Bed resources; Average days of stay; Comparative analysis; Home and abroad; Hospital


In the first century AD, Pliny the Elder is quoted as saying "Nature with her usual benevolance has limited the power of iron by inflicting upon it the punishment of rust". Nearly 2000 years later, corrosion remains a serious problem, not only on steel but also on many other substrates.


This article offers a reading of a major text on language by the French philosopher Jacques Derrida, Monolingualism of the Other, and considers its relevance, and Derrida's work more generally, to the concerns of applied linguistics. Derrida's argument about the necessarily conflicted nature of identity and its relationship to language has implications for work in many areas of applied linguistics, especially bilingualism, language attitudes, language maintenance and shift, the role of English as a global language, theories of motivation in language learning and current debates over nationality and citizenship.


The invention relates to a 4-cyclamine alkoxy-3-methoxyl cinnamic acid benzamide compound, a preparation method and application of the compound.The chemical structure general formula of the compound is shown as a formula (I) (please see the formula in the description), wherein m represents 1-12, R1 represents C1-C12 alkyl or benzyl or substituted benzyl, X represents C1-C12 alkyl or benzyl or substituted benzyl, phenyl of which a benzene ring is substituted with 1-4 groups selected from F, Cl, Br, I, C(1-4) alkyl, C(1-4) alkoxy, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, nitryl, a cyano group, and the substituent groups can be located at any position of the benzene ring.Accordingly, the compound has the significant inhibiting effect on acetylcholinesterase, the IC50 of the compound is 0.01-5 micromoles per liter, the inhibiting activity on acetylcholinesterase is greatly higher than the inhibiting activity on butyrylcholine esterase, and therefore the compound has the certain selective inhibiting effect on acetylcholinesterase.


We propose that, when a GP practice intends to perform a Significant Event Audit (SEA) for any reason, they inform the patient that this is taking place; invite them to comment on the SEA, including inviting them to the SEA meeting; and send them a copy of the final SEA report. IT'S MY LIFE — THE EVENT HAPPENED TO ME! WHAT DO YOU MEAN, THE PRACTICE MADE …


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in obtaining adsorbents in substances for smoking and filters for tobacco smoke trapping. Granules of microporous activated coal of vegetable origin are submerged into solution of alkali earth or alkali metal, shaken, filtered with the following drying of filtered coal. Microporous coal, processed with salt, can be activated with vapour, for instance, in argon, for 1-10 h. Obtained coal has volume of micropores at least 0.4 cm 3 /g and volume of mesopores at least 0.3 cm 3 /g. EFFECT: invention provides improved capability of coal to filter tobacco smoke. 18 cl, 4 dwg, 4 tbl, 2 ex


Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women in Western countries. Although breast cancer is not the most prevalent cancer among women in developing countries like Korea, the number of newly diagnosed patients per year has been exponentially increasing.(1) Similar to other malignancies, breast cancer is a systemic disease characterized by local/regional and systemic dissemination after surgery with the intention to cure. The therapeutic modalities such as systemic chemotherapy, external irradiation and hormonal therapy are used in combination for the treatment of breast cancer. However, these aggressive treatments may cause moderate to severe adverse effects in patients while achieving the therapeutic goals. Therefore, many investigators are studying methods to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of treatments while reducing the systemic burden of therapy. Among such methods, adenoviral delivery of certain proteins or genes and chemotherapeutic agents are being studied. The adenoviral delivery system is not a perfect vector for the delivery of genes and proteins, but the transfection efficiency of this vector is higher than any other vector, without compromising the host's immune defenses. The adenoviral delivery of the melanoma differentiation-associated gene 7 (Ad-mda7) was introduced to target malignant tumors, while sparing normal cells. Celecoxib, a highly selective cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitor, has proven to be effective for the treatment, and even for the prevention, of certain malignancies.


This paper presents the estimation and the state feedback control of the discrete fractional order states-space systems. First of all the state-space model of a fractional order dynamic system is introduced. For this model the stability condition is derived and discussed. Then the parameters identification problem is presented and least squares solution to it is given. Having established the parameters of the model, in order to produce a state feedback control the state vector is needed. In most cases, however it is not available from measurements. Therefore, the state estimation problem arises. In the paper a modification of Kalman filtering technique for this purpose is proposed. At the end the state feedback pole-placement control is applied to a fractional order system. All the techniques used are illustrated with simulational examples.


The statistics about violence against children are staggering. Across the globe, 1 billion children under age 18 experienced physical, sexual, or emotional violence last year (Hillis et al., cited by WHO, May, 2016). Root causes of this violence include complex cultural and community-level factors as well as dysfunction and cruelty within the family home. The consequences of child maltreatment are well known to psychiatricmental health nurses, because we see the sequelae daily in our clinical practice: in the adults who exhibit depression, anxiety, substance misuse, tragically reduced potential for success in schooling and careers, and/or replication of the childhood aggression and violence toward others (their intimate partners, their own children). Violence against children is preventable, and the United Nations member states have endorsed the goal of ending it within 15 years. At the May 27, 2106 meeting of the World Health Assembly, the specific focus on children was included in a historic resolution calling for "a multisectoral response to address interpersonal violence, in particular against women and girls, and against children" (WHO, May, 2016). Released in July was INSPIRE: Seven Strategies for Ending Violence Against Children," a World Health Organization document outlining a plethora of prevention and response strategies, listed in 7 categories: (1) implementation and enforcement of laws: (2) norms and values; (3) safe environments; (4) parent and caregiver support; (5) income and economic strengthening; (6) response and support services; and (7) education and life skills. Examples are given throughout the document of concrete actions that can be taken by governments, health professionals, teachers, lay workers, and others. Of most interest here are the model interventions with demonstrated effectiveness (i.e., in randomized controlled trials) or favorable evidence of effectiveness derived from high quality quasi-experimental or qualitative studies (termed promising or prudent interventions) (WHO, July, 2016). Nearly 200 citations of scholarly literature are included, enabling readers to retrieve and scrutinize the actual studies. Particularly interesting to me were the studies conducted in lowand middle-income countries where the majority (80%) of the world's children live. Space permits inclusion of only a few of the successful laws/projects/interventions that address various facets of violence against children: In Sweden, the first country to ban corporal punishment of children in 1979, follow-up study in 2009 showed a decrease from 90% to 10% in number of children being hit. In South Africa, after enactment of stricter firearm licensing, steep reductions occurred in deaths among 15-to-29-year-old males. In Uganda, after a training program for male and female community activists, physical violence against female intimate partners decreased by 52% and witnessing of IPV by children decreased by 64%. In USA, a long-standing program of home-visiting by registered nurses to young, low-income, first-time mothers resulted in 48% reduction in child abuse and neglect (compared to control group at 15-year followup). In Zambia, trauma symptoms of boys and girls ages 5–18 were reduced by 82% in a group receiving trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy delivered by trained lay counselors (compared to a 21% reduction in group receiving usual treatment). In Croatia, the Safe and Enabling School Environment Programme cut peer violence in primary schools in half.


This article deals with the analysis of the border effect in European air transport. The border effect measures how trade or transport flows are diminished when they cross a national border. This topic has attracted a great deal of attention within trade, but it is still little studied within transport. Existing studies have estimated that the border effect diminished air passenger transport flows by a factor of five to six. However, there have been many changes in the European economy and transport since those studies. Our estimate based on a new data set suggested the existence of a border effect in European passenger air traffic flows, albeit with a lower value of around two. A possible reason for the lower value is the growing integration of the European economy and the development of low-cost carriers in Europe between 2000 and 2019. Our econometric analysis also found differences in border effects among European countries. No significant border effect was detected for France, but we did find high and significant effects for Germany, Spain, and Poland. These differences can be attributed to different intensities of intermodal competition on domestic routes.


Dimethylzinc (DMZn) was used as a p-type dopant in GaAs grown by low pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using trimethylgallium and arsine (AsH3) as source materials. The hole carrier concentrations and zinc (Zn) incorporation efficiency are studied by using the Hall effect, electrochemical capacitance voltage profiler and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The influence of growth parameters such as DMZn mole fraction, growth temperature, and AsH3 mole fraction on the Zn incorporation have been studied. The hole concentration increases with increasing DMZn and AsH3 mole fraction and decreases with increasing growth temperature. This can be explained by vacancy control model. The PL experiments were carried out as a function of hole concentration (1017–1.5×1020 cm−3). The main peak shifted to lower energy and the full width at half maximum (FWHM) increases with increasing hole concentrations. We have obtained an empirical relation for FWHM of PL, ΔE(p)(eV)=1.15×10−8p1/3. We also obtained an empiric...


The author of the article examined the contents of the legal concept of «object of cultural heritage sites», revealed its importance for establishing a legal regime of land of historical and cultural destination. Presented a systematic analysis of the norms of land legislation and legislation on cultural heritage sites, are given suggestions for improvement. Proposed interpretation of the concept object of cultural heritage sites, conditions and procedure for determining the subject of protection of cultural heritage as a pillar of the establishment of the legal regime of land of historical and cultural destination.


Successive approximation register analog to digital converter (SAR ADC) has incomparable energy efficiency advantages over other types of ADC architectures for its high degree of digitalization and simple structure. Undergoing algorithm verification with MATLAB, a single-channel 8-bit 1.25GSPS SAR ADC structure is presented. Transistors level circuit has been designed using TSMC 28nm CMOS technology. The pre-simulation results with noise show that the core circuit has the ENOB 7.80bits, the power consumption 2.01mW, and the FOM value 6.29fJ/conv-step when operating at very high speed with sampling rate of 1.25GSPS under 1.2V supply.


One of the most important aspects of Barack Obama's political success concerns the transnational makeup of his identity. Taking Dreams from My Father (1995) and The Audacity of Hope (2006) as case studies, this article examines how Obama's autobiographical self squares with the precepts of American exceptionalism in an era that has witnessed a palpable decline in the centrality and leverage of the US on an international stage.


Generation of high-energy sub-20-fs DUV pulses is reported by compression of 248.5nm pulses in noble-gas-filled hollow fibers. Bandwidths of 7nm and 10nm with energies of 0.45mJ and 0.25mJ were achieved in helium and neon, respectively.


We consider two large polaron systems that are described by a Fröhlich type of Hamiltonian, namely the Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) polaron in the continuum and the acoustic polaron in a solid. We present ground-state energies of these two systems calculated with the Diagrammatic Monte Carlo (DiagMC) method and with a Feynman all-coupling approach. The DiagMC method evaluates up to very high order a diagrammatic series for the polaron's self-energy. The Feynman all-coupling approach is a variational method that has been used for a wide range of polaronic problems. For the acoustic and BEC polaron both methods provide remarkably similar non-renormalized ground-state energies that are obtained after introducing a finite momentum cutoff. For the renormalized ground-state energies of the BEC polaron, there are relatively large discrepancies between the DiagMC and the Feynman predictions. These differences can be attributed to the renormalization procedure for the contact interaction.


Summary Seismic data interpolation is an essential prerequisite for multiple removal, imaging and seismic attributes analysis. We proposed a specific deep convolutional autoencoder (DCAE) for seismic data interpolation in an unsurpervised approach. DCAE is trained on undersampled seismic data with randomly 50% missing traces and only the reconstruction error on the uncurropted data is considered without generating labels on missing traces. Synthetic data and field data testing shows that the structure of DCEC is capble to capture of the low-level statics prior information from undersampled seismic data, and the tranied model has a good interpolation performance on regular and irrgular sampled seismic data.


Abstract The Banggai-Sula Microcontinent, located in the Provinces of Central Sulawesi and Maluku, is interpreted as being a fragment of the Australia - New Guinea Continent that became detached during late Mesozoic times. This is supported by similarities in the pre-Cretaceous stratigraphy resting on Paleozoic granitic and metamorphic basement. During the Middle Miocene to Pliocene the Microcontinent collided with the Asiatic PLate resulting in the eastward obduction of ophiolites in north-eastern Sulawesi. Reconnaissance geological field mapping and sampling since 1983 has identified interesting Mesozoic outcrops on Peleng, Banggai, Taliabu and Mangole Islands. The sequence is dominated by an early Jurassic continental to shallow marine coarse clastic formation (Bobong) followed by deeper marine argillaceous facies (Buya). Late Cretaceous to Paleocene deep water carbonates (Tanamu Formation) represent the top of the sequence. Deposition is believed to have initially taken place within a rift-graben setting, followed by restricted shallow marine conditions and finally by subsidence and open, deep water marine conditions. Formations (Salodik/Pancoran) of Tertiary age follow unconformably and are dominated by shallow water platform carbonates. Multichannel reflection seismic from the adjacent offshore areas also shows a well bedded Tertiary section resting unconformably on a thickly developed older interval, tentatively interpreted as being of Mesozoic age. A late stage Tertiary compressive episode, probably associated with the Sulawesi collision, has overprinted many of the older structural features. Attractive reservoir objectives have been identified from outcrop samples within both the Jurassic Bobong Sand-stones and the Tertiary Salodik Limestones. Possible source rock potential exists within black anoxic Buya Shales and the early organic rich Salodik Carbonates. Organic maturities for the Mesozoic vary from post-mature (even for gas generation) in parts of Mangole, to immature for oil generation in Peleng and north-eastern Sulawesi. The Tertiary section everywhere remains immature at outcrop. The generation and migration of hydrocarbons in the Banggai-Sula area appears to have taken place locally as indicated by the recent discovery of active surface gas (and possible oil) seepages.


Liddell, F. D. K., and Lindars, D. C. (1969).Brit. J. industr. Med.,26, 89-100. An elaboration of the I.L.O. classification of simple pneumoconiosis. Simple pneumoconiosis in chest radiographs presents a continuum of increasing abnormality. Liddell (1963) introduced a 12-point scale obtained by dividing each of the four I.L.O. categories (International Labour Office, 1959) into one central and two marginal zones. In this system, which has come to be known as the N.C.B. elaboration, readers record for each radiograph the I.L.O. category of choice (0, 1, 2 or 3), followed by an adjacent I.L.O. category if that had been seriously considered; otherwise, the same category is repeated. Very clear normals are denoted as 0/-, and `high' category 3 films as 3/4. This paper reviews the evidence from seven reading trials in which 12 National Coal Board (N.C.B.) film readers have taken part. About 28,000 assessments on a total of well over 2,000 single radiographs have been analysed. (The reading of serial radiographs to assess progression is dealt with elsewhere.) All readers used the elaboration successfully, but they differed in the extents to which they placed films in central and in marginal zones; they were more consistent when preliminary briefing had been given. Film quality had little influence on the use of the zones, except that 0/- tended to be reserved for films of good quality. Despite the variation in the use of the zones, marked improvements accrued from the use of the elaboration in both intra- and inter-observer error for all readers, and for films of poor quality as well as for good films. The validity of expressing simple pneumoconiosis prevalence rates in terms of I.L.O. categories derived from N.C.B. elaboration readings was confirmed. Although the exact widths of the zones along the continuum remain to be determined, all the evidence suggests that they represent steadily increasing abnormality. Thus, the N.C.B. elaboration is a practical procedure which amplifies, but neither distorts nor supplants, the I.L.O. classification. It is reported to be easier to use.


Liquid-crystalline monomer cholesteryl 4-allyloxybenzoate (M1), new ionic mesogenic monomer cholesteryl 4-allyloxy-3-(potassium sulfonate)benzoate (M2), and corresponding polymer P1 and ionomer P2 were synthesized. The chemical structures of the monomers and homopolymer were confirmed with Fourier transform infrared and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The mesogenic properties were studied with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarizing optical microscopy, and X-ray diffraction measurements. The effect of the ionic units on the phase behavior was examined. M1 showed a cholesteric phase, and M2 revealed a smectic A phase. P1 and P2 displayed smectic A phases. The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of ionic units to the mesogenic molecule not only affected the phase-transition temperature but also changed the mesogenic phase type. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 2511–2516, 2004