Modeling the ionosphere during disturbed periods is one of the most challenging tasks due to the complexity of the phenomena that affect the electric fields and the whole thermosphere environment. It is well known that both, prompt penetration electric fields and large amounts of energy deposited in the polar region during disturbed periods, produce significant disturbances in the global electron density distribution, in particular, in the equatorial ionization anomaly development. Besides, the disturbance dynamo, traveling atmospheric disturbances, and traveling ionospheric disturbances also affect the equatorial ionization anomaly density distribution. In this work we use the Sheffield University Plasmasphere‐Ionosphere Model at Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, to simulate the drastic effects that were observed at the low‐latitude ionosphere in the Brazilian region during a very intense magnetic storm event, the so‐called 2003 Halloween storms. In the absence of measured vertical drift during the storm, a new vertical drift deduced from the interplanetary electric field combined with the time variation of the F region virtual height is used as input. The simulation results showed that, in the case of the disturbed thermospheric wind, the ionospheric observations are better explained when a novel traveling wave‐like disturbance propagating from north to south, at a velocity equal to 300 m/s, is considered.


The plots in certain literary works are very complicated and hinder readers from understanding them. Therefore tools should be proposed to support readers; comprehension of complex literary works supports their understanding by providing the most important information to readers. A human reader must capture multiple levels of abstraction and meaning to formulate an understanding of a document. Hence, in this paper, an Improved [Formula: see text]-means clustering algorithm (IKCA) has been proposed for literary word classification. For text data, the words that can express exact semantic in a class are generally better features. This paper uses the proposed technique to capture numerous cluster centroids for every class and then select the high-frequency words in centroids the text features for classification. Furthermore, neural networks have been used to classify text documents and [Formula: see text]-mean to cluster text documents. To develop the model based on unsupervised and supervised techniques to meet and identify the similarity between documents. The numerical results show that the suggested model will enhance to increases quality comparison of the existing Algorithm and [Formula: see text]-means algorithm, accuracy comparison of ALA and IKCA (95.2%), time is taken for clustering is less than 2 hours, success rate (97.4%) and performance ratio (98.1%).


vii LIST OF TABLES xiv LIST OF FIGURES xvi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Small Business IS Challenge 5 Scope and Limitations of Study 6 Importance of the Study 7 Conceptual Model 11 Theoretical Perspective 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 14 Cloud Computing Fundamentals 14 Cloud Computing Marketplace 16 Small Business Marketplace 20 Cloud-Centric Model for Small Businesses 22 x Theoretical Integration and Hypotheses Development 26 Theoretical Framework 26 IS Success Theory 27 Extending IS Success Model to Cloud Computing 34 Literature Review on Key Constructs 40 Dependent Variable 40 Cloud Computing Net Benefit 40 Independent Variables 41 System Quality 41 Mediating Variables 48 Service Quality 48 Organizational Satisfaction 54 Use 55 Moderating Variable: Cost 56 Hypothesis Development 58 System Quality as Related to Service Quality 58 System Quality as Related to Organizational Satisfaction 59 System Quality as Related to Use 60 Service Quality as Related to Organizational Satisfaction 61 Service Quality as Related to Use 62


I would like to suggest that the drive behind the neologism, as indicated by Bentham, may offer a remarkable key to the entire Benthamite edifice. The older phrase law of nations, according to Bentham, refers to a certain discursive space only through the force of custom, or convention. What he thinks to be more appropriately required, however, is a designation that would go beyond mere convention. The phrase international law is therefore purportedly linked to that which it signifies in a manner never achieved by the phrase law of nations. Law of nations, in other words, is a sign relying on the mediation of convention. Without the convention, "the force of custom," the phrase law of nations might be understood as one designating the domestic, municipal law of diverse nations. On the other hand, international, corresponding to that to which it refers in an intrinsic, immediate, or unmediated manner, is a term of presence in the Derridean sense.2 That is, international is a term that stands in no need of the mediation of custom and convention. The drive behind the neologism could be a unique key to Bentham's thought, for it is emblematic of a certain attitude toward meaning formation in language that significantly underwrites much of the Benthamite oeuvre. The Marquis de Sade, a contemporary of Bentham, was also troubled, notoriously so, about the mediation of custom and convention in meaning formation. In this article I bring together Bentham and de Sade to argue that the two share a strikingly similar view of language, one that is symbolized in the coining of international by Bentham. The distinction Bentham assumes between the terms law of nations and international law Necati Polat Three Contemporaries


We have developed a hypermedia environment for global collaboration by knowledge workers, which consists of two modules: InterPOD and TeamSmart. InterPOD creates a "meeting room" environment for participants to access and share multimedia information from various sources, while the TeamSmart hypermedia tool supports collaboration on document production by globally dispersed teams.


It is misleading to refer to the Assisted Dying Bill as a UK bill.1 Although the bill is before the UK parliament it is intended to apply to England and Wales only. Clause 13(5) provides that the …


In a recent article published in Bipolar Disorders, Petri and colleagues explored data from the Bipolar Disorders: Improving Diagnosis, Guidance and Education (BRIDGE)-II-Mix study. They demonstrated that obesity in patients with Major Depressive Episode (MDE) was associated with more mixed and/or bipolarity features, using several definitions for such specifiers. More precisely, participants with MDE and obesity presented with more DSM-5 mixed features along with several characteristics, that included (among others) atypical and/or psychotic features, more psychiatric comorbidities (including eating disorders), hypomanic switches with antidepressants, and the use of antipsychotic agents. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Abstract Effects of age and month of calving on Holstein protein, fat, and milk yields were estimated from 15,867 lactation records from the Pennsylvania Dairy Herd Improvement Association files. Herds were absorbed, and constants were fit for year of calving before the function of age was derived. A separate quadratic function of age for each calendar month of calving was determined. Herd effects accounted for 28.9% of variation in protein yield, 27.1% in fat yield, and 26.7% in milk yield. Increases in multiple correlations squared were .6% for fat and milk and .8% for protein with inclusion of year in the model and 1.3% for protein, 1.4% for fat, and 2.1% for milk with the inclusion of month of calving. Linear effects of age within month of calving accounted for multiple correlation squared increases of 13.2, 13.4, and 14.2% for protein, fat, and milk whereas quadratic effects increased these percentages additional 5.8, 5.7, and 5.6%, respectively. These models were used to calculate factors for age and month of calving for each trait. The factors adjust for age and month of calving to maturity and average month of calving.


N,N-Dialkyl amides have drawn the attention of radiochemists engaged in the development of alternate extractants to tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) for the reprocessing of irradiated fuels, particularly with high radiation fields and high plutonium content. Dihexyl hexanamide (DHHA) has been found to be a promising extractant in this direction. Log K ex values for the extraction of UO2(NO3)2·2DHHA and Pu(NO3)4·2DHHA in n-dodecane were found to be 1.43 and 3.62, respectively. At high nitric acid concentration (5 M), the amide undergoes protonation and extracts U(VI) and Pu(IV) as ion pairs of the type (UO2(NO3)3 −)(HDHHA+) and (Pu(NO3)6 2−)(HDHHA+)2. At trace level concentrations, the distribution coefficient (D) of Pu(IV) and U(VI) with a 1 M solution of DHHA in n-dodecane at 3.5 M HNO3 are 41.2 and 13.5, respectively. Similarly, at 50% uranium saturation of the organic phase the D values of Pu(IV) and U(VI) are 9.2 and 4.2, respectively. These results suggest the distinct advantages of DHHA over TBP in improved extraction of Pu and ease of stripping of uranium. The separation factors for 0.5 M DHHA at 30 Mrad are obtained as ∼37 (U/Zr) and ∼75 (Pu/Zr), suggesting that this extractant is particularly promising for the selectivity of Pu and U over Zr from irradiated solutions as compared to TBP. Results obtained during this work demonstrate the potential of amides in meeting the challenges posed by the large Pu content and high radiation fields encountered during the reprocessing of Pu-based fuels discharged from thermal as well as fast power reactors.


s from 84 Meeting of the Alabama Academy of Science Anthropology ...................................................................................................... 9 Behavioral and Social Sciences .......................................................................... 92 Bioethics and History & Philosophy of Science ................................................ 95 Biological Sciences ........................................................................................... 97 Chemistry ......................................................................................................... 122 Engineering and Computer Science ................................................................. 128 Geography, Forestry, Conservation, and Planning ........................................... 135 Health Sciences ................................................................................................ 137 Industry and Economics ................................................................................... 144 Physics and Mathematics ................................................................................. 148 Science Education ............................................................................................ 155 Minutes of the Annual Meeting ................................................................................... 157 Gorgas Scholarship Awards ......................................................................................... 172 0


We present a measurement of the correlated bb production cross section. The data used in this analysis were taken with the upgraded CDF detector (CDF II) at the Fermilab Tevatron collider, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 742 pb{sup -1}. We utilize muon pairs with invariant mass 5{ =}3 GeV/c and |{eta}|{ =}2 GeV/c and |y|{<=}1.3, we measure {sigma}{sub b{r_reversible}}{sub {mu}}{sub ,b{r_reversible}}{sub {mu}}=1549{+-}133 pb. We compare this result with theoretical predictions and previous measurements. We also report the measurement of {sigma}{sub c{r_reversible}}{sub {mu}}{sub ,c{r_reversible}}{sub {mu}}, a by-product of the study of the background to bb production.


There has been a shift in the conceptualization of leadership and needed leadership skills in education within today's society. Models that were previously used to aid in the development and understanding of leadership roles may not be appropriate given the current climate within education. However, new concepts based largely on research are emerging. This new conceptualization involves Emotional Intelligence (EI). Nelson and Low (2003) de ned their theory of EI to include skill sets involving positive uses of interpersonal, intrapersonal, leadership, and self-management skills, while avoiding problem areas to include aggression, deference and change orientation. Additionally, EI skills may be associated with personal satisfaction, health, and achievement within career and academics (Nelson & Low, 2003). In other words, positive levels of EI skills and low levels of problem areas may correlate with professionally high achievers and vice versa for low or average achievers. Based on the works of Goleman (1998), Epstein (1998), Sternberg (1996), and Nelson and Low (2003), the concept of EI is now providing a useful and practical model for utilization within the education administration and leadership arena. note: This manuscript has been peer-reviewed, accepted, and endorsed by the National Council of Professors of Educational Administration (NCPEA) as a signi cant contribution to the scholarship and practice of education administration. In addition to publication in the Connexions Content Commons, this module is published in the International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, Volume 6, Number 2 (April June, 2011), ISSN 2155-9635. Formatted and edited in Connexions by Theodore Creighton and Brad Bizzell, Virginia Tech, and Janet Tareilo, Stephen F. Austin State University. ∗Version 1.1: Apr 5, 2011 1:13 pm GMT-5 †http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://www.ncpeapublications.org http://cnx.org/content/m37385/1.1/ Connexions module: m37385 2 1 Sumario en espanol Ha habido un cambio en la conceptualización de liderazgo y habilidades necesitadas de liderazgo en la educación dentro de la sociedad de hoy. Los modelos que fueron utilizados anteriormente ayudar en el desarrollo y comprendiendo de papeles de liderazgo no puede ser apropiados dado el clima actual dentro de la educación. Sin embargo, nuevos conceptos se basaron en gran parte en investigación surgen. Esta nueva conceptualización implica la Inteligencia Emocional (EI). Nelson y Low (2003) de nió su teoría de EI para incluir los conjuntos de habilidad que implican los usos positivos de interpersonal, intrapersonal, el liderazgo, y habilidades de autogestión, al evitar asuntos problemáticos incluir agresión, orientación de deferencia y cambio. Adicionalmente, habilidades de EI pueden ser asociadas con satisfacción personal, con la salud, y con el logro dentro de carrera y académicos (Nelson y Low, 2003). Es decir, positivo nivela de habilidades de EI y niveles bajos de asuntos problemáticos puede tener correlación con competidores profesionalmente altos y viceversa para punto más bajo o competidores medios. Basado en los trabajos de Goleman (1998), Epstein (1998), Sternberg (1996), y Nelson y Low (2003), el concepto de EI ahora proporciona un modelo útil y práctico para la utilización dentro de la administración de la educación y arena de liderazgo. note: Esta es una traducción por computadora de la página web original. Se suministra como información general y no debe considerarse completa ni exacta. 2 Introduction The belief that Intellectual Intelligence (IQ) has been attributed to a large amount of success in leadership has been challenged by many (Goleman,1998; Kincheloe, J., Steinburg, S., & Gresson, A., 1996). Though the assumption holds that IQ is needed, it is not the primary factor in successful leadership. This qualitative study will focus on ten factors (Assertion, Comfort, Empathy, Decision Making, Leadership, Drive Strength, Time Management, Commitment Ethics, Self-Esteem, and Stress Management) to see if a pattern may exist to support the correlation of high EI skill-sets with high achieving leadership roles. Patti and Tobin (2003) in their book Smart School Leaders stated that leaders must lead and develop socially and emotionally intelligent learning-focused schools. The focus of this research paper takes that rationale to a study of these skills as they relate to assessment, training, and development of leadership skills in the school environment; speci cally it will look at the question from a qualitative standpoint whether the two groups selected scored di erently when assessed with an instrument for emotional intelligence. The research that has been the foundation of information for this article has been undertaken with Graduate Education Administration students, active public school principals, and private industry CEO/CFO's. High achievers for the scope of this paper will be de ned as participants in the study who were currently engaged professionally in roles of leadership and their respective organizations were performing at a higher than average level. For example, one of the pro les represents a principal who took over an underachieving campus. Within two years and since that time period, the campus has been exemplary or the highest rating a school can achieve in Texas based on test scores of students. Average achievers are participants that are engaged in professional roles that do not include leadership or supervision of personnel, and when compared to other colleagues or peers these individuals are performing at about average levels. 3 Methodology A study funded by a University Research Grant was conducted to ascertain whether scores obtained from the Emotional Skills Assessment Pro le (ESAP) would di er for the two groups. Emotional Intelligence Skills as assessed by the ESAP and success in leadership roles was explored. The study consisted of selecting eight participants. Four of the participants were selected based on the fact they held leadership roles, and the remaining four were selected based on the fact they held non-leadership roles. Each participant and their respective role will be discussed in this paper. http://cnx.org/content/m37385/1.1/ Connexions module: m37385 3 4 Instrumentation The ESAP is an instrument designed to provide a pro le of emotional intelligence skills. The instrument developed by Nelson & Low (2003) has a scale score for each skilled area of Emotional Intelligence, and scores in each area are given upon completion of the online assessment. The skilled areas assessed are as follows: Assertion, Comfort, Empathy, Decision Making, Leadership, Drive Strength, Time Management, Commitment Ethic, Self Esteem, and Stress Management. Three additional skills that are considered negative scales are assessed and include Aggression, Deference, and Change Orientation (Nelson & Low, 2003). A brief explanation of each of the skill areas is provided. 4.1 Assertion Assertion is one's ability to communicate in a directly open style that conveys both cognitive and emotional messages. Assertive people respect the sender of the message as well as the receiver of the message while constructively dealing with strong emotions like grief, fear, and anger. 4.2 Comfort Comfort deals with the ability to read and impact others with verbal and non-verbal messages in a positive way. The ability to develop trust and rapport is an integral part of this skill. Comfort enables a person to be relaxed self-con dent and be ones' self. 4.3 Empathy Another common construct to most EI researchers is the ability to communicate to others their value and importance. Empathy is the facility to demonstrate care for others through congruent verbal and nonverbal actions. Empathy is the communication to another that his/her thoughts, feelings, and ideas matter. Empathy is closely associated to e ective listening skills and conveying to another that he/she is understood. 4.4 Decision Making Decision making is the ability to create, conceptually develop, and implement plans for successful problem solving. The ability to understand a systematic approach to organizations and the integration of their components is another facet of this skill. 4.5 Leadership For the purpose of this skill area leadership can be de ned as the ability to persuade and develop the abilities of others. Leadership is associated with the ability to have others follow a vision and buy into organizational goals. 4.6 Drive Strength Drive Strength is one's ability to accomplish goals and activities resulting in self-ful llment and attainment of purpose. This skill includes the understanding and motivation behind the principles of setting goals, objectives, and activities. Drive Strength is incorporated easily into the school environment through the establishment of academic goals and the speci c objectives necessary to earn a diploma or degree. 4.7 Time Management Time Management is the ability to focus and organize available time appropriately. Pro-activity instead of reactivity is an appropriate understanding of this concept. Time Management is signi cantly related to http://cnx.org/content/m37385/1.1/ Connexions module: m37385 4 student success (Vela, 2003). Time, being a man-made, abstract concept, is di cult for many to manage. The ability to break up xed time periods like semesters or scal periods into smaller productive time schedules like daily, weekly, or monthly calendars is key in using time e ectively. 4.8 Commitment Ethic Commitment Ethic is one's aptitude to nish needed tasks, complete assignments, and accomplish one's projects. Commitment Ethic is connected to self direction, endurance, and self-initiated direction. Commitment Ethic is described as a personal feeling of satisfaction upon the completion of a task, job, or assignment. 4.9 Self Esteem Self-esteem is the ability to view one's self as positive, competent, and successful. Self-esteem i


Variation in the composition of subterranean ant communities in flooded and non-flooded areas was studied in forest patches named capoes de mata, in the Pantanal ofMato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The potential effect of the thickness of forest litter on the richness of ant species was also studied. Eighty pots containingprotein and carbohydrates were buried in flooded and non-flooded areas in four forest patches. We found seven species in the subfamily Myrmicinae, and one in the Ecitoninae. One species of Solenopsis and Carebara coeca were the most frequent ones, and were collected in flooded and non-flooded areas. Variations in thickness of the forest litter and in flood levels did not affect the species' activities. The mean number of species per trap in each forest patch was always greater than its variance, showing a uniform distribution in species occurrence. Richness of ant species did not vary significantly in relation to litter thickness (F= 1.741; p= 0.196) nor to flooding (F= 0.751; p= 0.564) in all four forest patches. The ant species Carebara coeca (Myrmicinae) was recorded for the first time in the Pantanal region.


Newtonian aerodynamic coefficients for predicting hypersonic stability characteristics of reentry bodies with various heat shield, afterbody angle and edge geometries


The amount of e-commerce conducted on a global scale has grown exponentially as Internet access has become more widespread. However, there is a gap between the diffusion of online purchasing in Egypt and the overall usage of Internet in the country. This article aims to find out why there is a gap between Internet accessibility and the diffusion of e-commerce. The authors used an exploratory research as represented by the literature review which revealed two independent variables, one dependent variable and three mediating variables. The authors then developed a theoretical framework highlighting the usage of a single cross-sectional analysis. The authors then established and used a questionnaire as part of a conclusive, descriptive research design. The sample size was 113, with a 32.3 per cent response rate using a judgemental sampling technique. It was found that two specific aspects of the Egyptian culture, distrust and collectivism, impact Egyptians' online purchasing behaviour. Demographics were not found to have a very significant impact with the exception of age. The article is significant as even though there are a considerable number of papers regarding e-commerce, very few papers look at e-commerce in developing nations, and rarely any papers have researched the issue in Egypt. This study aims to address the shortage while simultaneously providing recommendations to the Egyptian business community for increasing e-commerce usage in the country.


This article describes a unique type of course and experiential workshop in personal growth—one with combined educational and therapeutic aims. The course/workshop is described in terms of preliminary procedures, guidelines, ethical considerations, structure andformat, group process, stages of the group's evolution, techniques and methods used, and follow-up and evaluation procedures.


Examination of main shock and microearthquake data from the Calaveras fault during the last 20 years reveals that main shock hypocenters occur at depths of 8–9 km near the base of the zone of microearthquakes. The spatial pattern of pre-main shock microseismicity surrounding the Coyote Lake and Morgan Hill hypocenters is similar to the pattern of the post-main shock microseismicity. Microseismicity extends between depths of 4 and 10 km and defines zones of concentrated microseismicity and aseismic zones. Estimates of the fault regions which slipped during the Coyote Lake and Morgan Hill earthquakes as derived from seismic radiation coincide with zones which are otherwise aseismic. We propose that these persistent aseismic zones represent stuck patches which slip only during moderate earthquakes. From the pattern of microearthquake locations we recognize six aseismic zones where we expect future main shocks will rupture the Calaveras fault. From an analysis of historic seismic data we establish the main shock rupture history for each aseismic zone and identify two zones that are the most likely sites for the next M > 5 earthquakes. The first zone is located near Gilroy and was last ruptured by a M5.2 earthquake in 1949. The second zone is located south of Calaveras Reservoir and north of the 1988 M5.1 Alum Rock earthquake. It has not slipped seismically since at least 1903, and the size of the aseismic region is sufficiently large to sustain a M5.5 earthquake.


Tasks designed to assess children's level of metalinguistic awareness and their ability to evaluate contradictory and tautological statements were administered in Ireland to grade 3 and grade 6 English-Irish bilingual children and control groups of unilingual children matched on IQ, SES, sex, and age. At both grade levels the bilingual children showed a greater awareness of certain properties of language and were better able to evaluate contradictory statements. It is suggested that bilingualism can increase the child's metalinguistic awareness and promote an analytic orientation to linguistic input.


We study the effect of coherent and incoherent broadening on neutrino oscillations both in vacuum and in the presence of matter (the MSW effect). We show under very general assumptions that it is not possible to distinguish experimentally neutrinos produced in some region of space as wave packets from those produced in the same region of space as plane waves with the same energy distribution. {copyright} {ital 1995 The American Physical Society.}


It is argued that directed research programmes such as Alvey and IT86, being focused on product generation and 'pull-through', do not provide the much-needed environments in which new ideas can grow. In other words the 30+-year cycle of research-to-product is either ignored or not understood. This paper justifies the above statement from case histories and personal experience. It also suggests some essential remedies that are required to reinstate such GREENHOUSE research.


The right of education is one of College student's basic rights according to law. So the realization of it should be the ultimate purpose of school education permitting no violation. However, in practice, the right is often violated. ruling by law and the maintenance of right should be applied to the administration of colleges. the system of respecting students' right and benefit must be instituted. At the same time, higher education legislation and judicial supervision should be strengthened, so as to ensure the ample realization of students getting the right to education.


We introduce a new method for building classification models when we have prior knowledge of how the classes can be arranged in a hierarchy, based on how easily they can be distinguished. The new method uses a Bayesian form of the multinomial logit (MNL, a.k.a. "softmax") model, with a prior that introduces correlations between the parameters for classes that are nearby in the tree. We compare the performance on simulated data of the new method, the ordinary MNL model, and a model that uses the hierarchy in different way. We also test the new method on a document labelling problem, and find that it performs better than the other methods, particularly when the amount of training data is small.


Objective:To study the efficacy and safety of paclitaxel(TXL)plus rhG-CSF for peripheral blood stem cell(PBSC)mobilization for patients with solid tumors remains.Methods:The 10 patients with malignant solid tumors were included in our study.TXL as the dose of 175-190mg/m2 was given continuous intravenously for 24 hours.When the number of white blood cell was reached to 1.0×109/L,G-CSF 5mg/kg was given twice a day by injection subcutaneously until the end of leukopheresis.Mononuclear cells were collected by a continuous flow cell separator form peripheral blood.PBSC collection was performed daily for two days.Peripheral blood or apheresis products were incubated with PE-conjugate CD34 MoAb,cell were analysde with FACS.Results:The leukopheresis was started on day 12 following TXL therapy.The median number of MNC of TXL group was 6.12×108/Kg(2.08~12.53×108/Kg),the median number of CD34+cells of TXL group was 7.05×106/Kg(1.89-11.84×106/Kg).There are 16 cases whose number of CD34+cells is more than 2.0×108/Kg.Conclusion:Paclitaxel with G-CSF is an effective and safety mobilizing regimen for autologous peripheral blood stem progenitor cells in patients with malignant solid tumors.


Background:  Accelerometry (ACM) of adductor pollicis muscle has been used for monitoring of neuromuscular blockade but its validity compared with the gold standard, mechanomyography (MMG), has been questioned. During neuromuscular blockade we compared these methods and we assessed pulmonary function.


Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) are common problems that affect many women. Approximately 1 in 10 women will require surgery to treat one or both conditions during their lifetime. Recently, surgical repair has utilized non-degradable synthetic mesh which has led to an incidence of serious complications such as exposure in up to 15% of patients. The main aim of this thesis was to produce a pelvic floor repair material (PFRM), composed of an electrospun synthetic polymeric scaffold seeded with autologous fibroblasts, that is robust enough for surgical handling and has adequate mechanical properties to enforce/or reinforce repair techniques used for SUI and POP at the point of implantation and beyond.
We produced and evaluated 5 polymeric scaffolds and identified that 2, random fibre electrospun scaffolds composed of PLA and PU, most closely resembled native vaginal tissue in mechanical properties whilst having the best handling characteristics. The response of fibroblasts on scaffolds to mechanical conditioning was then evaluated using three simple models. Dynamic uniaxial tension (stretch) using near physiological strains led to organization of the extracellular matrix and was the most promising conditioning technique. Future work will further assess responses of scaffolds and cell/scaffold combinations to repetitive stretch.
The response of fibroblasts on scaffolds to a variety of bioactive factors added to the culture media was also assessed. Dexamethasone and Ascorbic acid supplementation led to significant increases in the production of ECM proteins and mechanical properties of cell-seeded polymeric scaffolds. In future, it may be useful to integrate these factors into polymeric scaffolds so that they are released into the wound bed with the aim of providing an ongoing stimulus for ECM production and the maintenance of the mechanical integrity of healing tissues.


Abstract 2586 Poster Board II-562 The chronic, inflammatory vasculopathy of sickle cell anemia accounts for much of the non-infectious morbidity and mortality of this disease. The pathogenesis of vasculopathy involves multiple sub-biologies (sickling, hemolysis, inflammation, adhesion, coagulation, NO deficiency, stasis, and reperfusion injury). Moreover, these various sub-biologies overlap and transactivate each other. So a single modality approach would very likely fail to be effective. For this reason, effective preventative and interventional therapy for sickle vasculopathy will very likely require true multi-modality therapy, preferably with as few drugs as possible. To this end, we have evaluated the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors TSA and SAHA for beneficial vascular effects in sickle transgenic mouse models. We used the hBERK1 mouse, which displays abnormal endothelial activation even at ambient air; and we used the NY1DD mouse which only acquires significant endothelial activation upon exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Both drugs significantly inhibited the abnormal endothelial expression of tissue factor, predicting beneficial effects for sickle coagulopathy. Both drugs significantly inhibited abnormal endothelial expression of VCAM1, a molecule involved in both adhesion and inflammation sub-biologies. Both drugs worked in both mouse models. For these benefits, both drugs were effective when given as preventative therapy (NY1DD model) or as longer term therapy (hBERK1 model), although previously-established endothelial activation (e.g., the hBERK1 model) required long term (3 weeks) therapy to observe the most significant benefits. TSA markedly inhibited the vascular stasis in the dorsal skinfold chamber model of hBERK1 mice that is seen after their exposure to H/R; SAHA did so in S+SAntilles mice after H/R; our previous studies have implicated VCAM1 and abnormal cell/cell interaction as the etiology of stasis in this model. Both drugs induced gamma globin and levels of HbF in K562 cells in vitro. Both drugs exhibited activity as iron chelators, as detected by absorption spectra in vitro. Since both drugs are hydroxamic acids, they may promote NO formation by the same mechanism that hydroxyurea is said to work, although we did not test this. We suggest that SAHA, which is already approved for other human clinical use, should be considered for testing in a pilot study to determine drug tolerance and in vivo efficacy in sickle subjects. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Objective To explore the problems and countermeasures in the Continuous Quality Improvement(CQI) nursing project. Methods Retrospective analysis method was used to analyze the CQI project carried out by the nursing unit in our hospital in 2013, to study the issues and loopholes and related factor as well as to provide corresponding countermeasures. Results Of all the 65 CQI project carried out by the chief nurse or vice chief nurse in nursing unit, the most issues were found in those who have only worked 1~3 years. The lack of variety in QC(quality control) tools and non-proficient skills and lack of cooperation consciousness are common in the nursing team. Conclusion It is necessary to provide professional training of QC for chief nurses and intensive training for new chief nurse, establish incentive system of team quality improvement, promote the ability of using the CQI and improve the quality of nursing.


Background: falls in hospitals are a major problem and contribute to substantial healthcare burden. Advances in sensor technology afford innovative approaches to reducing falls in acute hospital care. However, whether these are clinically effective and cost effective in the UK setting has not been evaluated. Methods: pragmatic, parallel-arm, individual randomised controlled trial of bed and bedside chair pressure sensors using radio-pagers (intervention group) compared with standard care (control group) in elderly patients admitted to acute, general medical wards, in a large UK teaching hospital. Primary outcome measure number of in-patient bedside falls per 1,000 bed days. Results: 1,839 participants were randomised (918 to the intervention group and 921 to the control group). There were 85 bedside falls (65 fallers) in the intervention group, falls rate 8.71 per 1,000 bed days compared with 83 bedside falls (64 fallers) in the control group, falls rate 9.84 per 1,000 bed days (adjusted incidence rate ratio, 0.90; 95% con fi dence interval [CI], 0.66 – 1.22; P = 0.51). There was no signi fi cant difference between the two groups with respect to time to fi rst bedside fall (adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 0.95; 95% CI: 0.67 – 1.34; P = 0.12). The mean cost per patient in the intervention group was £7199 compared with £6400 in the control group, mean difference in QALYs per patient, 0.0001 (95% CI: − 0.0006 – 0.0004, P = 0.67). Conclusions: bed and bedside chair pressure sensors as a single intervention strategy do not reduce in-patient bedside falls, time to fi rst bedside fall and are not cost-effective in elderly patients in acute, general medical wards in the UK. Trial registration: isrctn.org identi fi er: ISRCTN44972300. Abstract Background : rapid specialist assessment of patients with transient ischaemic attack (TIA) reduces the risk of recurrent stroke. National guidelines advise that high-risk patients are assessed within 24 h and low-risk patients within 7 days. Aim : to quantify delay and map pathways taken by patients from symptom onset to specialist assessment. Design : retrospective cohort study. Setting : rapid access TIA clinic. Methods : structured interviews with 278 patients newly diagnosed with TIA (222) or minor stroke (56), and examination of medical records. Results : of the 133 high-risk TIA patients, 11 (8%) attended the clinic within 24 h of symptom onset; of the 89 low-risk TIA patients, 47 (53%) attended within 7 days. Median delay between symptom onset and seeking help from a healthcare profes-sional (HCP) was 4.0 h (IQR 0.5, 41.3). Delay was less if symptoms were correctly interpreted but not reduced by a publicity campaign (FAST) to encourage an urgent response. Most patients (156, 56%) fi rst contacted a general practitioner (GP) and 46 (17%) called an ambulance or attended the emergency department. Over a third (36%) had a second consultation with an HCP before attending the clinic, and this was more likely in those presenting to paramedics, out of hours GP services or optometry. Time to clinic attendance was less if an emergency pathway was used and greater if patients were seen by a second HCP. Conclusions : factors contributing to delay include incorrect interpretation of symptoms and failure to invoke emergency services. Delays after presentation could be addressed by direct referral by out of hours services, paramedics and optometrists.


The guest rooms are the main revenue earning product for the hotel. A study was carried out to assess which in-room facilities were important for the business customers in the hotel. The study was carried out on 132 customers which included 91 Male Customers and 41 Female Customers in four-star and five-star hotels in Mumbai city. The various attributes considered by the researcher include Hygiene and Cleanliness, Services and amenities provided, Customized services, Quiet and private environment, Design and Décor, Ecological aspect (Eco Friendly Hotel), Updated technology/ IT Amenities, Room category, e.g. Smoking rooms, Nonsmoking rooms, Rooms for disabled, Theme room. It was observed that Hygiene and Cleanliness and Information Technology Amenities were ranked the highest important factors by both genders in the selection of a Business Hotel. The quiet and private environment was more important to Male customers compared to Female customers. The factors related to Services and Amenities provided, Customized services and Ecological aspect (Eco Friendly Hotel) were perceived important by the Female Customers while choosing a hotel.


The UDK Gazbeton company opens its new fully-automated autoclaved aerated concrete factory in Ukraine. The up-to-date and complete machinery and equipment was supplied, installed and commissioned by Masa-Henke Maschinenfabrik GmbH.


This study aims to investigate demands for motivational factor in a classroom environment which has been polluted by increasing distraction caused by the recent technological developments. It is evidently proved that motivations of students are quite important to enhance their learning in the classroom. Some of these factors relates to the extrinsic and intrinsic motivations. The extrinsic motivational factors are treated more in this study. However, the recent technological developments and their new learning environment have also influence on learning of students. According to a survey more than nine out of ten British students are distracted by Face book, Twitter and other social networking sites at least once an hour. As part of motivational factors, rewards are more productive and efficient then punishments in classroom environment. For the good and betterment of teachers and students, educational institutions should start to put into practice "laptop ban" and "smart phone ban" or permits. In this paper comparative studies are considered to dig out findings related to technological distractions V motivational factors. This paper analyzes the distractions caused by the recent technological development in the classroom environment. The finding of this paper indicates that banning is not a good option for motivation of the students. It suggests that there should be a balance between banning and freeing the usages of the recent developed technologies. In short, it is regarded to conduct a controlling mechanism which can help students how to handle and balance technology use in educational institutions. If students aim for high paying jobs, during the lesson they need to switch off their laptop and smart phones for better future. Key terms: motivation, distraction, technology, social media, educational institution, extrinsic, intrinsic Questions: Technological distractions V Motivational factors Way of delivery: Comparative Studies 1. Lokman Çoskun, a lecturer of Epoka University, and PhD candidate of European University, Tirana, Albania E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com 2. Omer Serdar Ozturk, PhD candidate of South East European University, Tetovo, Macedonia E-mail: email@example.com


Systemic study was carried out to determine gross caloric value, energy remnant rate ,energy annual return and release during decomposition of fine roots in a mixed forest of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.) Hook.) and Tsoong's tree (Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun) in Sanming, Fujian, China.Gross caloric value of fine roots decreased during decomposition .The rate of energy release increased with decreased diameter size of fine roots for the same tree species.The annual return of energy for fine root of Chinese fir and Tsoongiodendron odorum were 2.8184×10~6 J·m~(-2) and 0.6435×10~6 J·m~(-2),The annual energy return of fine roots(0.5 mm) account for than 60% in both species with different diameter. This indicated fine roots(0.5 mm ) play a very important role in energy flow. The annual release of energy for fine roots of Chinese fir and Tsoong's tree were 1.8187×10~6 J·m~(-2) and 0.5864×10~6 J·m~(-2).


In the late year's of Wittgenstein's study,he realized that rather than in an isolation state,the propositions are formed as an interdependent system.For each proposition,only when it is within the system can it gain the epistemological meaning.There is an interdependentship among lives,and people insist on the theory that propositions form a system,of whose holistic characteristic and function structure serve as the foundation of human congnition.On this point,there is some similarity between Wittgenstein's holistic theory and Quin's,both of which contribute a great deal to break the traditional persuasion for thinking frame like oneness,definiteness and immutability.However,there is great difference when it comes to the theory orientation and demonstration style.


The method for culturing cancer stem cell population is provided. The method includes the step of introducing the cancer stem cells in cell culture substrates or on cell culture in a substrate in the form of gel comprising a complex of a glycosaminoglycan and substituted phenalkyl amines.


Introduction: The development of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has provided advances in cardiovascular surgery techniques. Considering its mechanism of action, as a non-endothelial surface, mechanical hemolysis is expected, but a complete investigation of the condition is essential to rule out other differential diagnoses.
Case Report: A 34-year-old female patient underwent mitral valve replacement surgery with a biological prosthesis implant and evolved in the postoperative period with microangiopathic hemolysis associated with renal injury, favoring the diagnostic hypothesis of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (aHUS).
Discussion: Although mechanical hemolysis is expected in the evolution of patients undergoing CPB, the correct investigation and microscopic review of cases is essential, avoiding underdiagnosis of serious etiologies, such as thrombotic microangiopathies. This report highlights the importance of a careful investigation and microscopic correlation in hemolytic anemias due to their diverse etiologies.
Key Words: Cardiovascular Surgery; Extracorporeal Circulation; Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia; Intravascular Hemolysis; Mechanical Hemolysis.


N 4 [(E,2E)-3-Phenyl-2-propenylidene] isonicotinohydrazide abbreviated as NPPI were synthesized and characterized. Ti (IV) and Mn(II) m etal complexes of this ligand prepared by reaction of fluoride salt of Ti(IV) an d chloride salt of Mn(II) with NPPI in dry acetonitrile. Characterization of the ligand an d its complexes was made by microanalyses, FT-IR, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and UV‐Visible spectroscopy. These new complexes showed excellent antitumor activity against two kind of cancer cells that are K562 (human chronic myeloid leukemia) cells and Jurkat (human T lymphocyte carcinoma) cells.


This paper uses a spherical harmonic model to create 9-D illumination subspace in face recognition.It makes use of SFS method to obtain the depth of facial surface feature points.On this basis,it uses NURBS method to achieve three dimensional facial reconstruction,and the new method to obtain the normal vector of three dimensional face.Then it uses the normal vector to calculate the spherical harmonics basic images and to take face recognition.The experimental results show that the new method based on the spherical harmonics basic image not only improves the face surface normal vector accuracy and reduces computation,but also improves the face recognition rate significantly.


Increased adoption and improved methodology in carbonate clumped isotope thermometry has greatly enhanced our ability to interrogate a suite of Earth-system processes. However, interlaboratory discrepancies in quantifying carbonate clumped isotope (Δ47) measurements persist, and their specific sources remains unclear. To address interlaboratory differences as a clumped isotope community, we first provide community consensus values for four carbonate standards relative to heated and equilibrated gases with 1,447 individual measurements from nine laboratories. Then we analyzed the four carbonate standards and an additional three standards, spanning a broad range of Δ47 and Δ47 compositions, a total of 5,202 times on 26 mass spectrometers representing 23 unique laboratories. We use three standards to calculated values for the other four standards and find that the use of carbonate reference materials is a robust method for standardization that yields inter-lab discrepancies consistent with intra-lab analytical uncertainty. The use of carbonate reference materials, along with measurement and data processing practices described herein, provides the carbonate clumped isotope community with a robust way to achieve interlaboratory agreement as we continue to use and improve this powerful geochemical tool.


In MIMO wireless communication using space-time coding techniques, it is important to understand channel characteristics so that optimum coding schemes, array configurations, and performance analysis can be developed. Increasingly, understanding of MIMO channels is being aided by direct channel probing experiments to measure transfer matrix, H. An alternate channel representation based on propagating ray parameters has many advantages. We propose an algorithm to compute high precision estimates of channel ray parameters directly from H measurements. Examples are presented where rays are identified, and departure angles, arrival angles, and complex path gains are estimated.


Transmissions spectra of healthy human arterial vessel wall (intima, media, adventitia), lipid plaque as well as calcified plaque were obtained from 245 autopsy specimens (25 patients) by znicrospectrophotometry (25 jim sections, wavelength 240 nm - 1070nm). Lipid plaques showed moderately increased optical density over normal tissue in the visible and near infrared spectral range with maximal values in the blue spectral range (440 nm to 530 nm). At these wavelengths, extinction was about a factor of S compared to intima, a factor of 3 higher than in media, and a factor of 7 higher with respect to adventitia. Over the whole spectral range investigated, calcified plaque exhibited a significantly higher optical density compared to all layers of normal vessel wall. The maximum differences were found between 300 and 450 am for intima (6 to 7 fold), between 440 and 1070 for media (3 fold) and above 550am for adventitia (10 to 12 fold).


This chapter describes how W. Arthur Lewis joined the faculty of Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. Although Lewis may well have been ailing physically when he arrived in Princeton, he plunged into his teaching and research with unusual energy. From the outset, he offered graduate seminars on economic development jointly in the Woodrow Wilson School and the economics department. The usual format that he chose was a graduate overview course on economic development followed by a team-taught seminar dealing with economic development in selected country studies. Lewis chose the continent of Africa for his country studies, while his colleagues treated the countries of Latin America and Asia. As the custom at Princeton was for all faculty to do undergraduate teaching, Lewis experimented with various undergraduate courses, even trying his hand at one of the large introductory economics lecture courses, where he was not at his best or comfortable. He eventually developed a standard undergraduate lecture course on economic development.


Apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, crude protein, lipid and energy, and amino acids availability in white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and rapeseed meal were determined for loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) (12.05 ± 0.21 g), using a reference diet with 5 g kg−1 chromic oxide and test diets that contained 700 g kg−1 reference diet, by weight, and 300 g kg−1 of the test feed ingredients. The juvenile loach was held in 300-l tanks at a density of 30 fish per tank. White fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal had highest apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy among ingredients tested, ranged from 50.4% to 60.9% for dry matter, from 64.6% to 88.4% for crude protein and from 57.9% to 79.0% for gross energy. The apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranged from 61.0% to 66.9% for animal products and 50.4% to 60.7% for plant products. For crude protein, apparent digestibility coefficients of protein exceeding 80% were observed for white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal and fermented soybean meal, and the apparent digestibility coefficients of protein in rapeseed meal were the lowest among all the treatments. Lipids from both animal and plant feedstuffs were poorly digested by loach, ranging from 64.0% to 77.6%. The apparent digestibility coefficients of energy were similar to those of dry matter and protein, and the highest and lowest ADCs of energy were found in WFM and RM, respectively. The loach used dietary phosphorus from the animal feedstuffs more efficiently than from plant feedstuffs (soybean meal and rapeseed meal), with ADC-values ranging from 42.3% to 53.1% and from 25.1% to 32.7%, respectively. For the animal products, the availabilities of amino acids in white fish meal and brown fish meal were higher than that in meat meal, expect for Met, Asp, Pro, Gly, and Cys. Among all the plant products, the availabilities of amino acids in fermented soybean meal were higher than in soybean meal and rapeseed meal, and thus had a greater potential to be used as a dietary replacement of fish meal in loach diets.


We introduce in this article a novel geometry that can be used in the manufacturing of field-emission displays. The geometry proposed combines superior vacuum conductance and a good field-enhancement factor. A theoretical model is developed for the calculation of the upper limit to the electrostatic field at the emitting regions, and these values are compared to those calculated for the actual geometry. The vacuum conductance of the proposed geometry is also calculated, and we show that conductances up to an order of magnitude higher than other schemes are readily achievable. Finally, we present field-emission results obtained from a prototype, and compare them with other emission schemes.


The feasibility of the use of a petroleum vacuum-distillation residuum as a feedstock for carbon applications was investigated using a semicontinuous supercritical propane (C3H8) extraction system. Experiments were carried out under different conditions to ascertain the effects of system pressure and temperature on the yields of extracted oils and the properties of residual pitches. The extraction residue obtained near the critical temperature and over the critical pressure of propane solvent showed appropriate properties as a precursor pitch for carbon materials, representing superior yields, high asphaltene contents, low toluene insolubles and the adequate softening point of 401-424 K. The extraction yields of deasphalted oil were increased as the system pressure was increased corresponding to the increased density of propane solvent. No difference in the yields and properties of residual pitches were observed at the experiments performed in the vicinity of the critical temperature of propane.


PURPOSE: An upper structure of a continuous bridge having a complex form and a construction method thereof are provided to improve profitability and field applicability. CONSTITUTION: An upper structure of a continuous bridge having a complex form comprises a girder for positive moment(110), a girder for negative moment(120) and a slab concrete(130). One end of the girder for positive moment is mounted on a bridge bearing(10a) of a first pier(10). The girder for negative moment is settled on the center part of a pot bearing(20a) of a second pier(20). The slab concrete is formed on the upper of the girder for positive moment and the girder for negative moment.


Heated tobacco products (HTPs) emit less (potentially) harmful constituents than combustible cigarette because, unlike conventional cigarette smoking, HTPs heat tobacco without burning it. Based on this reduced emission, tobacco industries advertise HTPs as more desirable for health than conventional cigarettes, although evidence is yet to be established with regard to impact of HTP use on clinically meaningful health outcomes. Most of the current literature on HTPs described only short-term relationships with surrogate markers of health outcomes. A HTP, produced by Philip Morris, was introduced into the Japanese market in 2014, ahead of other countries, and its sale has been on the rise ever since. Now, many brands of HTPs are available globally. Given the uncertain health impact of HTPs, it is an important first step to know how common HTP users and "dual users" (ie, those who use HTPs and smoke cigarettes) are in a community. However, the relevant literature is limited, and the estimated prevalence of HTP users and that of dual users remained unclear with conflicting reports. For example, the Japan "Society and New Tobacco" Internet Survey (JASTIS) and International Tobacco Control (ITC Japan),1,2 both using internet surveys, showed that the majority of HTP users were concurrent cigarette smokers. On the other hand, the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey in 2019 reported the opposite trend.3 A potential source of such discrepancy may be the sole reliance on self-report in assessing HTP use in those surveys. In contrast, Kinjo et al estimated HTP use using interviews, but they did not separate dual users from overall HTP users in their report (ie, their age-adjusted prevalence of "HTP smoker or dual user" were 8.3% in men and 1.8% in women, based on 4,628 participants in a nationwide survey in Japan).4 In this issue of the Journal,5 Harada et al report prevalence of HTP-only users and dual users based on the assessment of faceto-face interviews by trained interviewers, from a residential population and a worksite population in Japan. According to the report, crude sex-combined prevalence was 0.8% for HTP-only users and 0.6% for dual users in the residential population (n = 2,612; mean age, 67.7 years; 54.9% women) in 2018–2019. The corresponding prevalence for HTP-only users and dual users was 5.0% and 1.9%, respectively, in the worksite population (n = 722; mean age, 49.3 years; 65.4% women). Having estimated the total number of tobacco products smoked=used per day at baseline (2012–2015) and at follow-up (2018–2019), the authors observed that, among other smokers (ie, cigarette-only and HTP-only), only dual users increased their consumption of tobacco products over the course of follow-up (although estimated amount of total tobacco products consumed were not provided for each smoking group). This finding casts serious doubt on the notion that HTPs are useful for "harm reduction" as advertised by tobacco industries6 because the finding indicates that some smokers tend to consume greater amount of tobacco products, HTPs and cigarettes combined, when HTPs become available to them in a real-world setting. Another novel and potentially concerning finding from Harada et al's paper is that annualized decline in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was the greatest by point estimate in dual users (−63mL=year, n = 16), among current and past smokers (−34 to −44mL=year, n = 1,061), and in never smokers (−31mL=year, n = 1,535). The decline in FEV1 of the dual users was significantly greater than that of cigarette-only smokers (−44mL=year, n = 233).5 To our knowledge, this is the first study showing longitudinal change in FEV1 among HTP users in a real-world setting, presented by a group of researchers unrelated to the tobacco industry. Although FEV1 itself is a surrogate of lung disease, its rapid decline suggests progression of airway obstruction, the known pathological change related to cigarette smoking. The greater decline in FEV1 observed in Harada et al's paper seems inconsistent with three previous studies, all of which were affiliated with tobacco companies, reporting that combustible cigarette smokers who switched to HTP use were shown to have better %FEV1 (ie, a proportion of measured FEV1 divided by one predicted according to age, sex, and height) as compared to those who continued to smoke combustible cigarette.6–8 The reason for the inconsistency between Harada et al's result versus those industry-related reports are not entirely clear, but may be due to difference in follow-up period (≈1.5 years after starting HTPs in Harada et al's study vs up to months in the industryrelated papers), and difference in methodology of pulmonary function test, including use or non-use of bronchodilators (some of the industry-related papers used bronchodilator, whereas Harada et al's paper did not). The greater decline in FEV1


Goldbach's comet is the plot of the Goldbach function g(n), in the interval [3, N], with a large positive integer N. The function g(n) counts the number of different ways in which 2n can be expressed as the sum of two odd primes. An account, hopefully satisfying and accessible, is given for the layers that make up the comet. By means of several (sometimes historical) results of Theory of Number, other conjectures, similar to the Goldbach's one, emerge. These are related with sequences of odd positive integers, like but not quite to the prime sequence.


A new version of an experimental set-up for examination of linear contraction and shrinkage stresses progress of metals and alloys during– and after solidification has been described. By new method the examinations of the shrinkage phenomena are conducted in a vertical rod-casting with circular cross-section. The test rod casting can have a constant cross-section (constrained contraction, parted mould) or can be tapered (unconstrained contraction, no parted mould). The examinations can be conducted in sand and metal mould. A microprocessor recorder has been used for registering of measured signals. In the contraction experiment the dimensions changes of solidified test bar and the test mould are registered. By the investigation of contraction stresses, a contraction force effecting on the solidified test bar is registered instead of its dimension changes. The temperature changes of the shrinkage rod casting (in 6 points) and the mould (in one point) can be measured. Exemplary investigation results of linear contraction development in aluminium have been presented.


The reaction of the title α-chloro ketone (II) with primary amines is unexpectedly accompanied by a Favorskii rearrangement furnishing the amides (IV) (7 examples).


This article attempts to reflect the highly realistic world that many parents confront after the death of their child. Adjustment is harsh, complex, and long lasting. The factors influencing their situation and counselor responses are explored.


-- Lymphangioma is a benign vascular malformation of the lymphatic vessels. In 90% of cases it is diagnosed during the fi rst 2 years of life. As seen in 75% of cases, the head and neck region are the preferred location. This report represents an original case of lymphatic malformation (LM) in a 15-year-old patient discovered during an unscheduled postoperative symptomatology of third molar germectomies. Two biopsies, one non-contributory, were required to make the diagnosis. Lymphangiomas are classi fi ed as LM. They are usually non-regressive. Their etiology remains controversial.


Introduction A variety of lesions can involve the tibial cortex in children. The benign conditions encountered include Brodie's abscess [1], osteofibrous dysplasia [2], osteoid osteoma [3], and metaphyseal fibrous defect [4]. Malignant tumours that have been reported at this site include osteosarcoma [5] and adamantinoma [6]. Computerized tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are helpful in evaluating such cases but confirmation of the diagnosis usually requires histological examination.


8552 Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in the United States (U.S.). For stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), concurrent chemotherapy (CT) plus radiotherapy (RT) within 30 days (CCRT) confers a survival benefit. The proportion of Black and White NSCLC patients not receiving CCRT and their outcomes have not been explored. Methods: Stage III NSCLC in Black and White patients diagnosed between 2004 and 2015 from the U.S. NCDB were included. Those with multiple tumors and who received surgery were excluded. Six groups were analyzed: CCRT (0-30 days between CT and RT), SCRT (31-120 days between CT and RT), RT (only RT), CT (only CT), No-RT-nor-CT (didn't receive RT nor CT), and other (uncategorized). Univariate, multivariate, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were utilized (p<0.05). Results: A total of 22,459 Black (CCRT 42.3%, SCRT 7.6%, RT 13.8%, CT 15.1%, and No-RT-nor-CT 21.2%) and 138,477 White (CCRT 43.9%, SCRT 7.0%, RT 12.7%, CT 14.9%, and No-RT-nor-CT 21.5%) stage III NSCLCs were analyzed. Male gender and White race were positive predictive factors for receiving CCRT (Table). In Black patients SCRT (HR 1.1; 95% CI 1.04-1.17), RT only (HR 1.2; 95% CI 1.81-1.99), CT only (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.36-1.49), and No RT or CT (HR 2.6; 95% CI 2.49-2.69) was associated with decreased overall survival (OS) compared to CCRT. In White patients, SCRT (HR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.99-1.03) did not decrease OS compared to CCRT, whereas RT only (HR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.74-1.80), CT only (HR 1.3; 95% CI, 1.29-1.34), and No RT or CT (HR 2.6; 95% CI, 2.59-2.67) were associated with decreased OS. Median OS with CCRT was 18 months for Black patients, versus 16 months for White patients (p<0.0001). Conclusions: OS was highest when CCRT was given. A lower proportion of Black cases were managed with CCRT, but Black patients benefit more from CCRT and had improved OS than White patients. Despite the known benefits of CT and RT in stage III NSCLC, the second largest management cohort received neither RT nor CT.[Table: see text]


Abstract This paper presents the results of experiments carried out at the Vezaiciai Branch of the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture during the period 1996–2004. The effects of long-term liming (at × 0.5 rate=3.8 t ha−1 CaCO3 every 7 years and × 2.0 rate=15.0 t ha−1 CaCO3 every 3–4 years) on soil chemical properties, aggregate composition and population distribution of micro-organisms and activity of two enzymes across different size classes of soil aggregates (<0.25, 0.25–0.5, 0.5–1.0, 1.0–2.0, 2.0–3.0 and 3.0–5.0 mm) were investigated. The soil of the experimental site is a Dystric Albeluvisol and textural class is sandy loam (sand (2.0–0.05 mm) 51%; silt (0.05–0.002 mm) 34%; clay (<0.002 mm) 15%). Moderate periodical liming at×0.5 rate every 7 years enabled us to maintain soil reaction at a low acidity level (pH in KCl 5.5), whereas when the soil was limed intensively at × 2.0 rate every 3–4 years topsoil reaction was slightly alkaline: pH in KCl 7.2. Moderate liming (×0.5 rate every 7 years) affects an increase in the amount of agronomically-valuable mesoaggregates (especially of 1.0–2.0 and 1.0–0.5 mm size class). Microbe distribution in different aggregate fractions in acid and moderately limed soil were not significantly different. In intensively limed soil, there was an observed tendency of microbe displacement from the smallest aggregate-size classes to the largest (1.0–2.0 mm).


Cleotomiris josifovi is described from the vicinity of Pyong Kang, North Korea. The description of this new species is provided with scanning micrographs of selected structures, and digital microscopic images of habitus and genitalia.


4529Background: SCBC is rare and its underlying biology poorly understood. Molecular profiling can shed light on the biology and identify treatment targets and biomarkers. Methods: A retrospective ...


In this ppaer we provide econometric estimates for the water-related technology of the Canadian Food and Beverage processing industry as a hole, as well as for each of the following sub-sector : food, beverage, meat, fruit, dairy, and a residual category called other.


Objactive To summarize the nursing of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Protrusion treated by Radiofrequency coagulation. Method 40 patients of lumbar disc herniation were treated with Radiofrequency coagulation. Basic care and psychological care were strengthened. Guidance and rehabilitation training were given. Results The total effective rate was 90%,there was no complications. Conclusion The correct nursing could prevent complications and increase the curative effect.


The model of an anaerobic bioreactor in which the basic biochemical reactions under the influence of an acting atmospheric precipitation, technological modes recirculation of a filtrate and participation of alive substance is developed transform a file of waste products in three phase system (gas, a liquid and firm substance).


Nearly a century of research has demonstrated a positive association between romanticism—a relationship-type schema that emphasizes idealistic and positive experiences in romantic relationships—and quality of romantic relationships. This investigation examined whether relational maintenance behavior and shared TV viewing mediate that association. The sample contained 202 participants, including college students and older adults. Results demonstrated that relational maintenance behavior mediated the association between romanticism and relationship quality, but shared TV viewing did not. Nevertheless, shared TV viewing independently and positively predicted variance in relationship quality. These results both clarify the mechanism by which romanticism may operate and support shared media use as a maintenance behavior that may be meaningful in close relationships.


State-owned entities (SOEs) in South Africa operate within a framework of multiple pieces of legislation which are at times in conflict with the broad strategic thrust of the state. The current SOE landscape ranges from fragmented frameworks to an array of parent entities, subsidiaries and subsubsidiaries. The Companies Act 71 of 2008, Public Finance Management Act 29 of 1999 (PFMA) and Municipal Finance Management Act 56 of 2003 (MFMA), amongst others, regulate these entities together with other regulations that have sector-specific requirements. South Africa has made strides in reforming the SOE landscape but to date the environment is still beset with challenges, especially in governance, oversight, job creation and skills development. Despite attempts to harmonise the SOE landscape, it is unclear how many SOEs exist in South Africa (PFMA, Schedule 1, 2, 3A–C).


SEO stands for Search Engine Optimization. It is a technique that searches various web pages for specified keywords and ranks these Web pages according to some parameters. They are used to feed pages to search engines.  The main importance of SEO is that it helps to find the relevant data and increase the rank of a webpage in search engines' results. In our paper, we develop a new algorithm M-HITS (Modified HITS) to provide the page rank. M-HITS Algorithm is a new version of HITS algorithm. It is developed by extending the properties of HITS algorithm.


FDA has approved Ferric Citrate (Keryx), an oral, iron-based therapy for the control of serum phosphorus levels in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on dialysis.


era1 veins. To overcome this problem, we obtained sequential arterial samples, to define the plasma disappearance curve. The second is that care was taken in the collection of the bile samples. It appears that bilirubin diglucuronide undergoes hydrolysis in an acid medium. To avoid this, the samples were collected from the duodenum with a Dreiling tube after cholecystokinin and the pH were checked, to ascertain that the sample did not have a value below 5. Attention to this point is important if uniform data arc to bc gathered. The enzymology of bilirubin conjugation is not yet completely clear. Although it has long been assumed that the microsomal system (which is made soluble and reactive only with difficulty) produces only bilirubin monoglucuronide, this is now in doubt; and the efficiency of the transglucuronidation enzyme with pure substrates and the amount of this activity associated with a microsomal preparation remain to be appraised. What does appear clear is that there is a relative decrease in the efficiency of the addition of the second glucuronidc in patients with Gilbert's syndromc.


The global financial and economic crisis has had a devastating impact on the world economy, including those of the developed countries. The impact was considerably mitigated because major economic powers put in operation rescue packages of unprecedented dimensions and adopted a set of co-ordinated measures. The preferred institution and the forum for this purpose were the IMF and G-20 respectively. The recognition of G-20 as the principal forum for international economic co-operation is only the institutionalisation of the radical change that has taken place in the global economic power structure. In their three conferences at the summit level within a space or less than a year, the G-20 took measures for making substantial resources available to help developing countries to cope with the crisis, for regulating financial markets and for strengthening the IMF. G-20 decisions helped in restoring confidence, maintaining the momentum of rescue measures and restraining contingent trade protection. But most of the fundamental problems besetting the international financial system have been left intact or only tinkered with. The right forum for bringing about changes of a fundamental nature in the international financial system, and for coordination of macro-economic policies of member governments which can serve the widest possible interest, is the United Nations. This is in fact mandated in the UN Charter.


This review highlights transborylation (controlled boron-boron exchange) and its applications as a turnover strategy in boron-catalysed methodologies. Catalytic applications of B–C, B–O, B–N, B–F, B–S, and B–Se transborylations are discussed in the context of transborylation-enabled catalysis, across a wide range of organic transformations including hydroboration, C–C bond formation, C–H borylation, chemoselective reduction, and asymmetric reduction.1 Introduction2 B–C Transborylation3 B–O Transborylation4 B–N Transborylation5 B–F Transborylation6 B–S Transborylation7 Conclusion


We prove that the relations 2V <*-! Λ and * hold for the usual critical exponents for 2D-percolation, provided the exponents δ and v exist. Even without the last assumption various relations (inequalities) are obtained for the singular behavior near the critical point of the correlation length, the percolation probability, and the average cluster size. We show that in our models the above critical exponents have the same value for approach of p to the critical probability from above and from below.


We develop a theory of abstract syntax with variable binding. To every binding signature we associate a category of models consisting of variable sets endowed with compatible algebra and substitution structures. The syntax generated by the signature is the initial model. This gives a notion of initial algebra semantics encompassing the traditional one; besides compositionality, it automatically verifies the semantic substitution lemma.


Climate change and a rapidly increasing population boost the pressure on Türkiye's cropping systems to increase crop production in order to meet rising food demand. It is unknown whether and in which direction trends and variability in harvested area and yield separately affect crop production in Türkiye. The objective of this study was to (1) quantify the long-term (2004–2020) trends of planting/harvested areas, yield and crop production for the 16 vital annual crops in Türkiye, (2) quantify the separate contribution of harvested area and yield on crop-specific production variability and (3) the potential of water and temperature-based remote sensing variables on capturing the variability of harvested areas and yield. The harvested area of the most grown crops (10 out of 16) such as wheat and barley showed a declining trend. However, the yield trend was increased for all of the study crops, which in some cases overcompensated for the decline in the harvested area on crop production. The harvested area showed a more robust explanatory power for production variability than yield except for the crops with higher breeding investments and subsidized by authorities such as wheat and sugar beet. The water-related remote sensing variables and combination of water and temperature variables largely explained the variability of the harvested area in Türkiye. In order to stabilize crop production in Türkiye, better and more efficient water management plans are crucial.


1. Mate-killer paramecia (derived from stock 540, P. aurelia ) were treated with ribonuclease and 8-azaguanine to determine the effect of these two substances on the mu particles and metagons. 2. Ribonuclease destroyed the metagons in living paramecia but had no direct effect on the viability of the mu particles. The latter were however destroyed precisely after one fission of cells whose metagons had been eliminated by ribonuclease treatment. 3. Re-synthesis of metagons was found to take place between the second and third fissions after treatment with ribonuclease, if the dominant gene M 2 was present. 4. Increasing the concentration of ribonuclease in the external medium, or in the duration of exposure of paramecia to ribonuclease, resulted in destruction of increasing proportions of metagons. 5. 8-azaguanine did not destroy metagons already present, but destroyed the mu particles immediately. 6. It is concluded that the results obtained with these two substances are consistent with the view that RNA is an essential constituent of metagons.


The value of heat as a means of alleviating and sometimes curing disease has been recognized in an uncertain way throughout the history of medicine. The significance of fever in relation to the course of infectious disease or to the healing of a bodily trauma has been frequently discussed and has generally been regarded as a symptom only. Nevertheless, evidence has been accumulating that pyrexia, provided that the temperature does not rise too high, may be a phenomenon with curative properties, and should be regarded not infrequently as a defensive mechanism, of the body against a developing microbic invasion. Many investigators have described methods for increasing temperature in the tissues of the body, locally or generally. To raise the body temperature of laboratory animals is comparatively simple. They are not able to eliminate increased body heat quickly and effectively. Their hairy coat is a protection, and they do not possesS man's great area of sweat glands on an extensive peripheral vasculaiP bed. Local and superficial heating in man is easily accomplished, but; owing to his temperature regulating mechanism, any marked increase of body temperature is difficult to effect. Various physical methods have been tried; hot water baths, the exposure of the body to heated dry and moist atmospheres, and more recently diathermic methods have been employed. While those engaged in developing physical therapy have been conducting experiments the bacteriologists and immunologists have been studying the problem. They have found that the injection of a foreign protein, either as a diagnostic or a therapeutic agent, may so affect the heat centre as to result in aT pyrexial condition with symptoms similar to those observed in an acute infectious disease. Quite recently it has been shown that the induction of an acute febrile


Magnetorheological elastomers(MREs) isolators were carried out by two-dimensional phononic crystal(PCs) model. The elastic waves propagation properties and vibration energy distribution of two structures were studied by finite element method. The results show that: the isolators exist elastic band gaps; the band gap position and width can be regulated by a external magnetic field; the structure including defect can localized transmission of energy.


The process of thermal conversion of reactor graphite modified with Cu(CH3COO)2 activation additive (5 wt.%) was researched. Application of copper acetate on the reactor graphite samples was carried out by incipient wetness impregnation method with preliminary dissolution of Cu(CH3COO)2 in water-alcohol mixture with volume ratio of C2H5OH/H2O equal to 50/50. Activating properties of the additive under conditions of composition change of blown gas (air/argon) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis at the heating rate of 10 °C/min in the temperature range of 25-1200 °С at atmospheric pressure. It was found that the change in the composition of blown gas affects activity of the additive, which is expressed in the displacement of characteristic temperatures of the graphite thermal conversion process.


In May 1999, the video and computer games industry had an image problem. The previous month, in Littleton, Colorado, two teenagers, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, had gunned down 12 students and a teacher at their high school in the deadliest US school shooting in more than 30 years. Following the tragedy, video games—along with film, music, goth culture, anti-depressants, bullying, and the internet—were popular targets for blame. Encouraging the tenuous connection between video game play and violent behavior, Klebod and Harris fit the "typical" gamer profile, at least as it was portrayed ad nauseum by the news media, that is, disaffected teenage boys with few friends and an unnerving interest in melancholic popular culture. A few weeks later at the Los Angeles Convention Center, the shadow of Columbine High School loomed heavy and dark over the fourth annual Electronic Entertainment Expo (E3), the largest North American tradeshow for video and computer games. Anticipating negative attention from the news media, Doug Lowenstein, then-president of the International Digital Software Association (IDSA), said defensively during his opening remarks, "The entertainment software industry has no reason to run and hide" (Jackson, 1999). This message was accompanied by survey data claiming that the average gamer was a college-educated adult and that the majority of games released the previous year were nonviolent and rated age appropriate for everyone (IDSA, 1999). Over the next decade the industry struggled to change its profile and gain mainstream acceptance as a major economic and cultural force. Nearing the tenth anniversary of Columbine in 2008, video and computer games no longer suffered an image problem. While violence and gaming remained a staple of news coverage, the industry was increasingly positioned as a significant player in current and forecasted trends in entertainment, innovations in technology and computing, improved education and training applications, and the evolution of virtual environments. The future appeared so bright that even in the midst of a global financial crisis, which set nations and entire sectors of the economy into downward spirals, market analysts, gaming evangelists, the business sections of major news publications and the entertainment press declared the industry "recession proof." This brief article examines the recession discourse that characterized the entertainment software and hardware industry at the end of the decade.1 The debate about the financial resilience of the industry


This paper describes a new detailed routing algorithm that has been designed specifically for the types of routing architectures that are found in the most recent generation of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The router is intended for FPGAs that fit within the symmetrical category, which means that the architecture consists of rows and columns of logic cells with both vertical and horizontal routing channels. The routing algorithm, called SEGA, is unique in that it focuses on not only the issue of achieving successful routing of 100 percent of the required connections for a circuit, but also addresses the allocation of wire segments to connections in a way that matches the lengths of the segments to the lengths of the connections. The implementation of the SEGA program is designed in a way that supports a wide range of routing architectures, making the algorithm useful as a research vehicle for exploring new architectures for future FPGAs. SEGA has been used to obtain excellent routing results over a set of several benchmark circuits. The results show that the algorithm can route all of the circuits tested in very close to the theoretical minimum number of routing tracks per channel. In addition, SEGA has been shown to adeptly allocate the wire segments in a segmented FPGA according to the lengths of connections. More specifically, the router does a good job of limiting the number of segments used for long connections and the length of segments assigned to short connections.


Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is the major signaling pathway responsible for regulating protein turnover in cells. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have an important role in this signaling pathway by eliminating ubiquitins from substrates and inhibiting proteasomal degradation to maintain cellular
homeostasis.


Discusses the limitations of the traditional traffic measurement technology, and introduces the traffic monitoring system design and implementation based on sFlow technology. By using this system, it can provide a more detailed and practical traffic data in the whole network, which is difficult for traditional traffic measurement technology to achieve.


Title: Letters to Nora narration included in Invisibles Original Title: Cartas a Nora Country: Spain Year: 2007 Director: Isabel Coixet Photography: Emilio Guirao Film editor: Arantxa Roca Screenplay: Isabel Coixet Cast: Lazmilla Castillo, Jakeline Vargas, Verónica Paladín, Montse Soler and Aran Blasco. Color: Color Runtime: 12 minutes Genre: Documentary, Drama Production companies: Médecins sans Frontière, Pinguin Films and Reposado. Synopsis: View of Chagas disease through a Bolivian emigrant in Barcelona. Awards: Goya Award for Best Documentary Film (2007). http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0871000


Basic Mechanisms.- Cytokines and Neuroendocrine Hormones as Mediators of Cutaneous Immunity and Inflammation.- Human Thl and Th2 Responses: Mechanisms of Polarization and Practical Implications.- The Central Role of T Cells in IgE Regulation and Bronchial Hyperreactivity - A Target for Specific Immunomodulation.- Regulation of B Cell Switching to IgE.- Fc?RI: Structure, Cellular Distribution, and Function.- Molecular Genetic Studies of Atopic Allergy.- Allergic Inflammation.- Predictors and Determinants of Atopy in Childhood.- Atopic Dermatitis - The Skin Manifestation of Atopy.- Inflammation in Chronic Asthma.- Allergies of the Gastrointestinal Tract.- Immunotheraphy: Possibilities and Perspectives.- Strategies for Indoor Allergen Elimination.- Effect of Immunotherapy on Humoral and Cellular Markers in Allergic Patients.- Recombinant Allergens: Basic Aspects and New Therapeutic Concepts.- Perspectives of Immunological Prevention and Therapy of IgE-Mediated Allergic Diseases.


intertextual interpretation linking with Isaiah 6 a link that does not seem to be explored from the opposite direction (pp. 295-296). In many cases, Childs' instincts are sound and the pursuit of a speculative historical setting is more tr~uble than it is worth. On the other hand, as Childs himself recognizes at times (e.g. pp. i 50, z64, 3 So), historical context plays a decisive role in shaping interpretation, and historical setting and theological 'construal' are not such antithetical partners as it often appears. But it must be asked, further, what 'theology' is this that Childs has in mind. At points it seems to be the basic tenets of a Christian faith, as is the case when he seems to place an (anachronistic?) doctrinal statement at the heart of the redactional process (p. 106). More often, it is the grand themes relating to God's purposes that come to the fore. Almost necessarily, these summary statements hide more than they can reveal. In commenting on the function of Isaiah 34-3 5, Childs writes: 'together they summarize the two major parts of the Isaianic corpus: God's power over the nations, and the exaltation of Zion for the salvation of Israel' (p. zss). God judges the wicked and saves the faithful (p. 473). As others have pointed out in Childs' earlier writings, these


Abstract This paper studies the high frequency reaction of the DEM/USD exchange rate to publicly announced macroeconomic information emanating from Germany and the U.S. By using data sampled at a five-minute frequency, we are able to identify significant impacts of most announcements on the exchange rate change in the 15 minutes post-announcement, although the significance of these effects decreases rapidly as the interval over which the post-announcement change in exchange rates is increased. The direction of the exchange rate response conforms, in general, with a reaction function interpretation whereby reactions to macroeconomic news are driven by the likely operations of monetary authorities in domestic money markets. Further, we detect influences of German monetary policy decisions on the reaction of the exchange rate, and also differences between U.S. and German announcements in the exchange rate reaction time pattern.


Results are presented on a resin system that can be crosslinked to yield 3D negative images that are thermally stable to temperatures greater than 300°C. The conditions needed to process films up to 1511m thick were studied. To produce microstructures in these thick films the exposure intensity must be controlled to allow adequate time for nitrogen gas, released by the diazoquinone sensitizer, to diffuse from the image region before super-saturation levels nucleate bubble defects.


Objective To investigate the changes of high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and myocardial enzymes levels in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and those clinical significance. Methods Serum hs-CRP and myocardial enzymes levels in 91 infants with HIE at the first,seventh day of birth as well as 33 healthy newborns (the controls) were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer. Results The serum hs-CRP and CK,CK-MB,AST,LDH levels in newborns with HIE in the first day of birth were significantly higher than those of the controls (p 0.01). The hs-CRP level in severe group of HIE was significantly higher than that of slight group (p 0.01),but there was no significant difference between slight and moderate group,moderate and severe group (p 0.05). The more severe the condition,the higher the levels of myocardial enzyme in HIE newborns. Compared with before treatment,the serum hs-CRP and CK,CK-MB,AST,LDH levels in HIE newborns were significantly decreased after treatment (p 0.01),but serum indexes of myocardial enzyme still higher than the controls (p 0.01),while the serum hs-CRP level had no significant difference between HIE newborns and the controls (p 0.05). Conclusion The variation of hs-CRP and myocardial enzymes levels in newborns with HIE can be used as the vital indexes for early diagnosis,directing treatment and judging prognosis of HIE.


Seedling root growth of basswood (Tilia americana L.) was observed in soil pits between nursery rows, in pots (by inverting the soil ball), and in Lucite cylinders in the greenhouse. Root growth occurred primarily during late spring, summer, and fall in the nursery. It occurred throughout the year in the greenhouse. Stem girdling or continued removal of buds led to decrease and cessation of root growth. Gibberellic acid applied to buds had no evident effect on root or shoot growth. Rooting was achieved for leaf-bud cuttings under mist. Such cuttings from twigs pretreated with naphthaleneacetic acid had a much higher percentage rooting than those untreated, but bud break did not take place and establishment of rooted cuttings was not achieved in any leaf-bud cuttings. Hardwood cuttings treated with growth-regulating compounds and stored at low temperatures showed callus growth and bud break but no evident rooting or survival when outplanted.


High strong humanities atmosphere of the school library, abundant of humanities resources, strong function in "mind pharmacy", take orders a school clear and virtuous, kindness to fellowmen, concern, perfect tradition, line up a sorrow solution for the university freshman difficult, stir up student's potential and come out ego, become the medical science freshman's mind holy land and spirit home, do promote ego realization of ideal base


A photometric method has been developed for the determination of sulfide at 10^–5 mol dm^–3 levels, which is based on the reaction of sulfide with a given excess amount of bismuth(III) to form a precipitate of bismuth(III) sulfide and on the spectrophotometric measurement of the residual bismuth(III) at 335 nm after extracting with bismuthiol II reagent from an aqueous solution containing acetate buffer into benzene. The presence of sulfite and thiosulfate up to 0.002 mol dm^–3 did not cause any interference in the determination of sulfide, because both sulfite and thiosulfate do not produce any precipitate with bismuth(III). A linear calibration plot with a negative slope was obtained for sulfide over the range of 5.00 × 10^–7–3.00 × 10^–5 mol dm^–3 (16.0–960 ppb). An experimental calibration plot was in accord with the theoretical plot, taking into account the known excess of bismuth(III), showing that the reaction of sulfide with bismuth(III) proceeded to completion. The relative standard deviation of results from 10 replicate determinations of standard sulfide (2.00 × 10^–5 mol dm^–3) was 0.44%. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of sulfide in hot-spring water samples without any pretreatment.


The present invention relates to a fixing device and finds particular, although not exclusive, utility in providing an anchoring point in plasterboard 23 cavity walls or ceilings for the purpose of affixing other items thereto, in which the fixing device 1 may be used in plasterboard walls of varying thickness without risk of over-insertion and loss of the fixing device in the cavity behind the plasterboard.


This work is dealt with radio drama - its sound body. Particularly it examines phenomenon of virtual sound space from the listeners´ point of view, as well as from the point of view of sound engineer (or director) who is very familiar with all the working process. However auditive production means complex system. Once the realization is initiated, the author has to think over both the physical substance of sound and the dramaturgic aim. As well as aesthetical aspect. This combination only leads to the successful produce. There is also a short introduce to a suppositional situation of radio drama into the future


The United States (US) historically has been short on international understanding. We are a people of immigrants, but earlier immigrants came here to participate in a dream of freedom and economic security. Those new to this land often lived in ethnic enclaves, but quickly became assimilated into the larger society by necessity and choice. For many, coming to the US represented a complete break with their roots, or the beginning of the effort to reunite with part of their family already in a new country. Air travel and the advances of modern communication have changed that perspective. For today's immigrants, the bonds of kinship and the memories of their native land persist and co-exist with the qualities of this new country, hopefully bringing out the best of both. As the world has grown smaller, there has been a shifting of our attention towards nursing in the rest of the world. The development of nursing and nursing education in the US has proceeded, more or less, as directed by the U. S. nursing profession over the past 150 years. Though slow and often arduous, there has been growth and success which far out-paced development in many other lands. In turn, many international leaders were educated here, and took home the U.S. ways. Sometimes these close attachments have left us blind to the uniqueness of nursing from country-to-country. Of necessity, nursing must take-on the qualities that are unique to each culture, including our own, and those qualities are not easily learned through an orientation program. This message comes through in several of the articles in this issue of OJIN. The expediency which foreign-educated nurses have represented to offset the U. S. nursing shortage is an ill-conceived gain, a gain without an appreciation that those who serve in other lands may bring a different philosophy of care. There is much we in the US can learn from them, but we must remain sovereign over our own context of care. You will find five informative and enlightening articles in this issue of OJIN. Collectively, they portray in a realistic manner the political and cultural landscape of international nursing. You have to read between the lines and listen with that fine-tuned "third ear" so common to nurses, but the obstacles and opportunities to international recruitment, exchange, and partnership are laid out before us. Let me correct one misconception, not deriving from these articles, but commonly held. The US, until very recently, was out-paced by the United Kingdom in the numbers of internationally educated nurses that it recruited. That situation corrected itself when the United Kingdom's National Health Service placed a moratorium on hiring as a partial solution to escalating costs. The United Kingdom had been liberal and welcoming to internationally educated nurses, accepting documents at face value and requiring that immigrant nurses participate, by law, in an adaptation program, which is much a counterpart to preceptor programs as we know them. The accusations of "brain drain" are discussed in the Kingma article, and observations made that migration is becoming more and more of a temporary arrangement with eventual return to the sending country. In that case, the nurse returns more accomplished than when (s)he left, bringing knowledge of new techniques and strategies for care. And conversely, the international nurse adds richness to nursing practice that is noteworthy for patients in our multicultural society. They should be with us to enrich the caring experience, and not to correct shortages resulting from poor working conditions, the major offender in the nursing shortage in the US. Many of our health systems invest wisely in programs to help the international nurse assimilate into the U.S. culture, yet other health systems just assume that being far from home, and eager to make a salary perhaps fifteen times what they could earn in their sending country, they will tolerate sub-standard conditions. …