This note is about spherical classes in $H_*Q_0S^0$. A conjecture, due to Ed. Curtis, predicts that only Hopf invariant one and Kervaire invariant one elements will give rise to spherical classes in $H_*Q_0S^0$. Yet, there has been no proof of this conjecture around. Assuming that this conjecture fails, there must exist some other spherical classes in $H_*Q_0S^0$. This note determines the form of these potential spherical classes, and sets the target for someone who wishes to prove the conjecture, in the sense that correctness of the Curtis conjecture will be the same as failure of any classes predicted in this paper being spherical.


Abstract Objectives: To assess whether flutamide (Drogenil), a pure androgen receptor blocking agent, improves survival in patients with pancreatic carcinoma and thus whether testosterone is a major growth factor for this tumour. Design: A prospective, randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial. Subjects: 49 patients with a clinical diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Interventions: 24 patients received flutamide and 25 received placebo. Main outcome measures: Death of the patient. Results: Analysis of all patients at 6 months and 1 year showed 14 and eight patients alive, respectively, in the flutamide group compared with 10 and one in the placebo group. After exclusion of those patients in both groups who received less than 6 weeks' treatment because of advanced disease and early death the comparable results were 14 (88%) and eight (50%) alive in the flutamide group compared with 10 (50%) and one (5%) in the placebo group. Median survival for all patients was 8 months in the flutamide group compared with 4 months in the placebo group. With the 6 week exclusions median survival was 12 months compared with 5 months, respectively. Conclusions: This study supports the concept that testosterone is a growth factor for pancreatic carcinoma and that blockade of androgen receptors offers an appropriate new approach to treatment. Key messages Previous work suggests that androgens may be involved in the growth of pancreatic cancer This study shows that the antiandrogen flutamide doubles median survival in patients with pancreatic cancer The treatment is well tolerated by patients with minimal side effects, an important consideration in those with advanced malignant disease The concept that testosterone may be a growth factor in pancreatic adenocarcinoma is supported by this trial


The FLOTRAN CFD of ANSYS soft was used to calculate and analyse the flow field inside the pump impeller,and to predict its performances.The 3-D flow analyzing was carried out in this work.After the impeller was designed,the CFD of the flow field in the impeller was performed for many work status.The distributing of pressure and velocity of the flow field had been worked out.The performance curves,the change of the impeller discharge followed the change of pressure difference of the impeller inlet-exitand and the change of calculated impeller head followed the change of the discharge,were drawn.It was used to improve the design of the impeller.


Basing on the role of currency,the authors discuss its feature and trend relevant to electronic money (E money)——a new form of currency. Besides,the authors also look into the system formation,the mode process of transaction as well as security in system designing.Finally,the prospect of E money are described.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of sustainability
performance on sustainability disclosure quality, and provides an empirical
evidence for their correlation based on voluntary disclosure theory and legitimacy
theory. The measurement of sustainability performance as independent variable is
based on environmental and social performance indicators by Global Reporting
Initiative (GRI). Furthermore this study presents measurement scheme for
sustainability disclosure quality as dependent variable that integrates
environmental and social dimension of sustainability. The measurement scheme for
sustainability disclosure is closely linked to the reporting requirements defined by
GRI. Level of the internal organizational units focused on sustainability corporate,
external assurance, firm size, leverage, and industry group are used as control
variable in this study.
The sample of this study is companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange
which published sustainability report in the period 2014. The sampling method in
this study is purposive sampling. In addition multiple linear regression analysis is
used as analysis technique in this study.
The result reveals sustainability performance has significant positive effects
on high quality sustainability disclosure, this shows that superior sustainability
performers choose high quality sustainability disclosure consistent with voluntary
disclosure theory. Moreover sustainability performance has significant negative
effects on low quality sustainability disclosure based on legitimacy theory which
indicates that poor sustainability performers prefer low quality sustainability
disclosure.


SOME OF THE FUNDAMENTAL PREMISES ARE EXAMINED AND RESTATED OF THE CURRENT THEORY OF HIGHWAY FINANCE. A FIRM FOUNDATION FOR USER TAXATION CAN BE ESTABLISHED IN ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL THEORY WHICH IS CONSONANT WITH CURRENT THOUGHT ON GENERAL TAXATION. A USER TAX IS DEFINED ECONOMICALLY AS ONE PAID INCIDENT TO THE OWNERSHIP AND OPERATION OF A MOTOR VEHICLE WHICH HAS NO SIGNIFICANT COUNTERPART AMONG TAXES THAT APPLY TO OTHER TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES OR TO THE GENERAL PUBLIC. FUNDAMENTALLY, THE GROUND FOR USER TAXATION IS THE PUBLIC DECISION THAT HIGHWAY FINANCE SHOULD BE GOVERNED BY PRINCIPLES THAT APPLY IN THE PRIVATE SECTION OF THE ECONOMY. USER CHARGES AS PRICES BEARING A RELATIONSHIP IN THE COST INCURRED BY GOVERNMENT IN SUPPLYING HIGHWAY SERVICES ARE BELIEVED TO BE AN ACCEPTABLE MEANS OF FINANCING THE SERVICE WHICH PUBLIC POLICY DICTATES SHOULD NOT BE FINANCED THROUGH THE GENERAL TAX STRUCTURE. WITHIN THE LIMITS OF PRACTICABILITY, FORCES OF SUPPLY AND DEMAND ARE PERMITTED TO OPERATE. USER CHARGES ENCOURAGE THE ECONOMIC ALLOCATION OF RESOURCES AS BETWEEN HIGHWAYS AND OTHER PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNDERTAKINGS. THEY TEND TO PROMOTE THE ECONOMIC ALLOCATION OF TRAFFIC AMONG COMPETING TRANSPORTATION AGENCIES BY ELIMINATING MAJOR ELEMENTS OF SUBSIDY.


4 1 The purpose of this paper is t o address the following issue concernin g team projects : "Why is it that when several teams are given the same instruct ions for the same project, the final de signs and solutions submitted are different?" We, as instructors, have always been careful to give all of the teams exactl y the same description of the problem ; we give it orally to all of the class, an d then we give all of the class the sam e written description of the problem . Yet , at the end of the semester we, and th e class, are amazed that the teams, given the same information and the same problem , produce such vastly different solutions . Why is this ?


New photoelectric detections of irterstellar Ca I absorption in 10 stars, combined with new and existing Ca II data, yield an average Ca I to Ca II ratio of 6.2 x 10/sup -3/. It is argued that the Ca I lines and most, if not all, the Ca II lines are formed in interstellar clouds. For cloud condttions, the Ca I to Ca II ratio and the assumption of ionization equilibrium give n/sub e/ approximates 0.09 cm/sup -3/, although the average for all clouds might be as small as 0.03 cm/sup -3/. Such electron densities require that hydrogen be partially ionized, imply that both Ca and Na are underabundant in interstellar clouds, and suggest that the important cooling elements are also underabundant. (auth)


In the study, the development of physiotherapy was described through the history and education in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with a special review on the significance of physiotherapy as a health-care discipline and the display of its development to the academic level of education in BiH.


The well known Aristotelian syllogistic system consists of 256 moods. We have found earlier that 136 moods are distinct in terms of equal truth ratios that range in τ=(0,1). The truth ratio of a particular mood is calculated by relating the number of true and false syllogistic cases the mood matches. A mood with truth ratio is a fuzzy-syllogistic mood. The introduction of (n-1) fuzzy existential quantifiers extends the system to fuzzy-syllogistic systems n �, 1<n, of which every fuzzy-syllogistic mood can be interpreted as a vague inference with a generic truth ratio that is determined by its syllogistic structure. We experimentally introduce the logic of a fuzzy-syllogistic ontology reasoner that is based on the fuzzy-syllogistic systems n . We further introduce � a new concept, the relative truth ratio r τ=(0,1) that is calculated based on the cardinalities of the syllogistic cases.


This Productivity Commission staff working paper (by Paula Barnes) examines sectoral investment in intangible assets in Australia following on from a previous paper on an examination of intangibles assets in the market sector as a whole. It highlights some significant issues relating to the measurement of intangibles and their contribution to productivity, finding that estimates of intangibles at the aggregate level mask considerable sectoral differences. In recent years increased attention has been given to the contribution to economic growth of intangible assets such as knowledge, firm-specific skills and better ways of doing business. But most intangibles are treated as current expenses in official statistics, rather than as assets — despite the fact that they provide services in more than one period. This makes it difficult to examine their role in the economy. It leads to an understatement of investment in the economy and may also affect measures of productivity growth. This paper addresses two questions: does the importance of intangibles as part of total investment vary across sectors?; and does the exclusion of many intangibles from investment measurement affect the measures of sectoral economic growth and productivity? The views expressed in this paper are those of the staff involved and do not necessarily reflect those of the Productivity Commission.


The widespread presence of meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) within a distinct class of stratospheric aerosol particles has become clear from in-situ measurements in the Arctic, Antarctic and at mid-latitudes.

We apply an adapted version of the interactive stratosphere aerosol configuration of the composition-climate model UM-UKCA, to predict the global distribution of meteoric-sulphuric particles nucleated heterogeneously on MSP cores. We compare the UM-UKCA results to new MSP-sulphuric simulations with the European stratosphere-troposphere chemistry-aerosol modelling system IFS-CB05-BASCOE-GLOMAP.

The simulations show a strong seasonal cycle in meteoric-sulphuric particle abundance results from the winter-time source of MSPs transported down into the stratosphere in the polar vortex. Coagulation during downward transport sees high latitude MSP concentrations reduce from ~500 per cm3 at 40km to ~20 per cm3 at 25km, the uppermost extent of the stratospheric aerosol particle layer (the Junge layer).

Once within the Junge layer's supersaturated environment, meteoric-sulphuric particles form readily on the MSP cores, growing to 50-70nm dry-diameter (Dp) at 20-25km. Further inter-particle coagulation between these non-volatile particles reduces their number to 1-5 per cc at 15-20km, particle sizes there larger, at Dp ~100nm.

The model predicts meteoric-sulphurics in high-latitude winter comprise >90% of Dp>10nm particles above 25km, reducing to ~40% at 20km, and ~10% at 15km.

These non-volatile particle fractions are slightly less than measured from high-altitude aircraft in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (Curtius et al., 2005; Weigel et al., 2014), and consistent with mid-latitude aircraft measurements of lower stratospheric aerosol composition (Murphy et al., 1998), total particle concentrations  also matching in-situ balloon measurements from Wyoming (Campbell and Deshler, 2014).

The MSP-sulphuric interactions also improve agreement with SAGE-II observed stratospheric aerosol extinction in the quiescent 1998-2002 period.

Simulations with a factor-8-elevated MSP input form more Dp>10nm meteoric-sulphurics, but the increased number sees fewer growing to Dp ~100nm, the increased MSPs reducing the stratospheric aerosol layer’s light extinction.


In this paper, we report the results of in situ measurements of stress and surface morphology for Co/Pd multilayer films deposited on glass substrate by rf sputtering. For the multilayer film sputtered in low Ar gas pressure at 10 mTorr, after more than 20 periods of Co/Pd deposition, the film is subjected to compressive stress, however, during the Co layer deposition, the value of the compressive stress is decreasing. For the film sputtered in high Ar gas pressure at 40 mTorr, the film is always subjected to tensile stress, and the value of the tensile stress in the film is increasing during the deposition of the Co layer. These changes in the stress during the Co deposition can be explained qualitatively by the difference in the lattice constants of Co and Pd at the interfaces. The surface morphology of the films observed by an atomic force microscope (AFM) in air shows that the surface of both films become rougher with increasing total film thickness. The surface roughness of the films deposited at 10 ...


Groups of adult mummichogs,Fundulus heteroclitus, were subjected to different concentrations of zinc as zinc chloride at 24‰ salinity, pH 8.0 and 20 C. At 192 hours, all mummichogs exposed to 43 ppm or less of zinc were alive and outwardly indistinguishable from the controls. Among these survivors there were no appreciable differences at 192 hours in zinc content of various tissues, as determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy, regardless of the initial amount of zinc in solution. All mummichogs subjected to 157 ppm or 180 ppm of zinc died between 24 and 48 hours. Dead mummichogs contained about 7 and 8 times more zinc in whole fish and in gill arch, respectively, than controls and this affords an index of zinccaused mortality for the species.


Sales forecasting plays an important role in business execution. However, most companies struggle to create accurate sales forecast, and intuition-based predictions from sales reps usually do not lead to reliable numbers. In this work, we propose a fully data-driven system, which can automatically produce client-specific forecast. Our system is universally applicable to different types of sales patterns, products and teams, and produce accurate prediction results.


: This paper presents some thoughts on the narrative structure of Tacitus' Histories, emphasizing textual elements which reveal one trend of moral decadence in Rome during the civil war of 69 AD, books I to III, and the restoration presented by Vespasian's victory, from book IV onwards. Through the analysis of the portrayal of emperors, secondary characters and the armies, we intend to show how Tacitus builds his narrative on a crescendo of decadence from Galba to Vitellius and the destruction of the Capitol. Vespasian is, from the start, seen as the opposite of this situation, redeeming society and symbolically establishing a new moment of restoration in Roman history.


In this paper, the nonlinear analysis is conducted for the car-following model with the consideration of the anticipation effect in single line, which was proposed by Peng guanghan. We study the nonlinear characteristics of the model by applying the reductive perturbation method, and drive the Burgers equation, the Korteweg-de-Vries (KDV) equation and the modified Korteweg-de-Vries (MKDV) equation respectively. We find that the above nonlinear equations for this model are identical with those equations for the Full velocity difference model.


More than two years after urging folic acid fortification in bread and pasta to reduce newborn neural tube defects, AAP officials are praising a federal ruling mandating the vitamin9s inclusion in enriched grain products. Effective Jan. 1, 1998, food manufacturers must comply with a Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mandate that would attempt to fortify the diets of women of childbearing age with 400 micrograms of folic acid daily.


The catering industry is slowdown and faces some problems such as homogeneous competition at present. The main factors affect the development of catering industry is policy and the environment. In dramatic change environments, the catering industry faces risk and opportunity. Gradation positioning and coordinative development is sustainable and healthy development road of the catering industry.


Abstract : Sharks swimming in the open ocean represent impressive examples of biological underwater sensor systems. Their chemical, electrical, and acoustic senses are finely tuned to survival in a complex, dynamic, and dangerous environment. While shark behavior and physiology is gaining increasing attention by marine biologists, the shark nervous system remains largely unexplored. However, it is the nervous system that holds an important key for understanding their sensory and motor acuities, and how this translates to behavior. The primary goal of this project was to develop an innovative implantable neural interface technology that would begin to pave the way for researchers to interface with highly specific targets in the nervous system of swimming sharks to monitor (record) and stimulate (write) neural activity. This project was focused at developing leading-edge neurotechnologies, MEMS technologies, and electronics into novel implantable neural interfaces in freely swimming sharks in order to investigate neural coding associated with sensory processing and natural behavior.


Techniques and mechanisms for restricting the copy of the data stored in the storage backend. In one embodiment, the rear end of the storage from the storage device stores the received predetermined data to the front end of the rear end of the write command written in the memory. Embodiment, the data storage means calculates signature data write command object, stored and supplied to the front end of another embodiment. A signature based on data provided by the storage means to store the weight of the front end of the engine to determine whether to perform re-operation.


How does an individualist and skeptical intellectual who is not religious in the usual sense experience the pilgrimage to Mecca in modern times, when he or she is only one among a huge mass of pilgrims? In order to offer an answer to this question, this contribution will look at two literary texts which are quite different in terms of author, time, and genre, but show a number of similarities in terms of observations, impressions, reflections, and feelings. The first is Lost in the Crowd , the travel diary published by the Iranian thinker Jalal Al-e Ahmad (1923– 1969) in 1966 on his Hajj experiences in 1964; the second is the novel Fitna by the Emirati author Amira al-Qahtani, which appeared in 2007 and takes the pilgrimage as a frame-story. It will be argued that Al-e Ahmad established a discursive tradition that had an impact on religious doubters in Iran and beyond.


Current radiation protection guidelines assume a linear response to ionizing radiations down through doses where epidemiological studies provide very limited to no information as to the propriety of such assumptions. The bystander response is a non-targeted effect which might impact such guidelines. These studies while clearly affirming a bystander response for high LET radiations, do not provide such affirmation for environmentally relevant low dose, low LET radiations. Caution and further study are necessary before making judgements that could impact on current standards.


Hallucinations and false ideas, such as paranoia and delusions, can be very distressing symptoms of dementia. Understanding some of the causes may help carers deal with these symptoms.


This paper presents the design methods of residue-to-binary (reverse) converters for two 4-moduli sets {2k, 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n+1-1} and {2k, 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n-1-1} for the pairs of positive integers n (n even) and arbitrary k > 0, which provide flexible dynamic ranges for the residue number system (RNS). These two moduli sets are generalizations of the 4-moduli sets {2n, 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n+1-1} and {2n, 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n-1-1} ( n even) with only a single parameter n. They facilitate selecting a moduli set which not only suits exactly the required dynamic range but also allows to balance delay disparity and hardware complexity between an even modulus and the odd moduli datapath channels. The new reverse converter for the moduli set {2k, 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n+1-1} not only enjoys slightly better performance than its known counterpart but also applies to arbitrary k. The reverse converter for the new moduli set {2k, 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n-1-1} is the first ever proposed. Synthesis results obtained for the 65 nm technology show that at least one of two versions of our converters is superior w.r.t. delay, power consumption, and area than its counterpart for the 4-moduli set {2k, 2n-1, 2n+1, 2n+1-1}, for all dynamic ranges from 14 to 64 bits.


We present mid-infrared intersubband absorption measurements on InAs/AlSb coupled-quantum-wells systems with thin AlSb barriers. The AlSb barrier width in our samples is varied between 1 and 4 monolayers, with a strained AlAs boundary layer used for strain compensation. The optical absorption energy difference between the 1–4 and 2–3 transitions is used as a measure of the barrier coupling strength and modeled by a one-band Schroedinger solver. Our results let us conclude that the composite AlSb/AlAs barrier behaves like an effective AlSb barrier with an effective thickness that does not include the last As layer. This observation must be taken into account when designing complex heterostructures relying on very thin AlSb, like in InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers.


Mining the petabyte and growing archive of remotely sensed images to obtain the necessary information for land cover change studies becomes more difficult as more imagery is obtained and stored at various locations by government agencies or private companies. The increasing importance of networking with the requirement to move data sets between different servers and clients makes the data volume problem particularly acute. Mitigating this problem requires using data efficiently, that is, using data at the appropriate scale and resolution to adequately characterize phenomena, thus providing accurate answers to the questions being asked. This requires a thorough understanding of the effects of adjusting image resolution to match the resolution of images from other sources or supporting data for biophysical or urban growth models. This paper summarizes a NASA Intelligent Systems-funded project that is examining the use of fractals and geostatistical techniques as aids to image classification and segmentation, as indicators of the effects of image processing techniques such as rectification, rescaling, ratioing and classification, as indicators for change detection, and as metadata for mining and selecting appropriate imagery for global change studies. This project will provide benchmarked indices of image complexity that complement existing metadata schemas and will facilitate image retrieval and analysis. This will streamline global change investigations by quickly identifying the proper source, lineage, general image content, scale, and resolution of imagery suited to an analysis of anthropogenic alterations in land cover, thus allowing researchers to concentrate on the underlying physical processes and potential consequences of these changes.


Quality defects of medical records written existed in other aspects of chief complaint, medical history, physical examination, course records and diagnosis. Improving medical writing quality and clinical thinking ability of medical students was a key of high-quality medical records. At the same time, the law regulations relating to medical records were introduced. It has brought new challenges in medical records.


Operational and financial measures deserve comparable attention. They both reveal information needed for sound management, but the measurement of operating performance is often neglected, especially in the white-collar and service sectors. An operational control system can be constructed by identifying several performance criteria that represent an organizational unit's mission, establishing satisfactory and superior levels of performance for the criteria, and determining the relative weight of each criterion in accomplishing the mission. The 'objectives matrix' formats a process for developing performance objectives and indicators. It has been widely adopted for its visual, motivational and multi-dimensional properties. By measuring work-unit performance along several dimensions, a manager is better prepared to make short-term operating decisions that promote long-term organizational productivity.


Introduction: The argument on what bacteria make up healthy vagina and bacterial vaginosis (BV) remain unresolved. Black women most often are placed in grade IV vaginal communities as lacking Lactobacillus-dominated microbes. We sought to determine the vaginal microbiota compositions of healthy and those with BV using 16S rRNA metagenomics methods. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight women provided vaginal swabs for Nugent scoring. Fifteen had BV (Nugent score 7–10), whereas 13 were normal (Nugent score 0–3). DNA was extracted and 16S rRNA V4 region amplified using custom bar-coded primers prior to sequencing with MiSeq platform. Sequence reads were imported into Illumina BaseSpace Metagenomics pipeline for 16S rRNA recognition. Distribution of taxonomic categories at different levels of resolution was done using Greengenes databases. Manhattan principal component analysis was used for similarity clustering. Results: Non-BV subjects were colonized by 12 taxonomic phyla that represent 182 genera and 357 species. Overall, 23 phyla representing 388 genera and 805 species were identified in BV subjects. Firmicutes represented 95% of the sequence reads in non-BV subjects with Lactobacillus-dominated genera and Lactobacillus crispatus–dominated species, followed by Proteobacteria (3.78%), Actinobacteria (0.74%), and Bacteriodetes (0.05%). In BV subjects, Firmicutes represented 59% of the classified sequence reads, followed by Bacteroidetes (19%), Actinobacteria (15.8%), Fusobacteria (4.08%), Proteobacteria (1.48%), and Tenericutes (1.25%). Conclusion: Non-BV healthy Black African, Nigerian women had Lactobacillus genera as the predominant microbiota, contrary to published reports. The study shows that BV subjects had varying proportions of diverse bacteria similar to studies from other parts of the world.


575 ISSN 1759-7269 10.4155/BFS.13.57 © 2013 Future Science Ltd Energy availability is central to improvements in economy and agriculture. Fossil fuels, due to their abundance and high density, have been the primary source of energy; but these resources are finite and may last for only the next 50–100 years [1]. Developing technologies that help to recover oil and gas from deposits previously considered expensive or too difficult to access has enabled fuel production to exceed estimates, and has allowed access to new types of reserves, for example, methane from methane hydrate deposits discovered undersea near Japan and the Arctic East Siberian Sea [2], but these may only delay the eventuality. In any case, the use of these fossil fuels will result in releasing GHGs causing climate change and questioning sustainable development. For practical purposes, the limiting factor on fossil fuel use may, hence, not be their exhaustion, but that of the Earth's capacity to withstand the consequences of fossil fuel combustion. Energy from plant biomass for producing a number of biofuels, including ethanol and biodiesel, has been suggested to be a sustainable and a better alternative to the fossil energy sources. There has been a long ongoing debate on the effects of using food crops for biofuel production, with both sides having arguments in their support. Those against it fear reduced supply of food for human consumption and increases in food cost, while others argue that the problem is not of food shortage but its distribution – there has been excess production at certain places and shortage at others even before biofuels were introduced [3].


This paper exposes a design methodology for building renewal, which is oriented towards adding sustainability, value, and flexibility. It considers environmental and economic feasibility based on embodied energy in materials, conventional budgets and hedonic price models. A process of design simulation was developed, focusing on a typical housing estate, in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The main results of which indicate that there is potential for increasing their value. Building renewal is a form of recycling and has influence on social, economic, and environmental issues. This work contributes to the discussion of alternatives to the low income housing deficit in Brazil.


This session will tell of two initiatives one school has taken to foster students' critical thinking and communication skills. The first involves the integration of three classes at the beginning of an MBA program, which employ integrated case analysis to incrementally develop students' skills. The second is a school-wide initiative, which asks all faculty members to use common language to assess critical thinking and communication. The session will focus on both successes and challenges, and will engage participants in dialogue around how to navigate challenges such as allocating sufficient time to skill development and fostering faculty collaboration.


For the integration of distributed generations such as large-scale wind and photovoltaic power generation, the characteristics of the distribution network are fundamentally changed. The intermittence, variability, and uncertainty of wind and photovoltaic power generation make the adjustment of the network peak load and the smooth control of power become the key issues of the distribution network to accept various types of distributed power. This paper uses data-driven thinking to describe the uncertainty of scenery output, and introduces it into the power flow calculation of distribution network with multi-class DG, improving the processing ability of data, so as to better predict DG output. For the problem of network stability and operational control complexity caused by DG access, using KELM algorithm to simplify the complexity of the model and improve the speed and accuracy. By training and testing the KELM model, various DG configuration schemes that satisfy the minimum network loss and constraints are given, and the voltage stability evaluation index is introduced to evaluate the results. The general recommendation for DG configuration is obtained. That is, DG is more suitable for accessing the lower point of the network voltage or the end of the network. By configuring the appropriate capacity, it can reduce the network loss, improve the network voltage stability, and the quality of the power supply. Finally, the IEEE33&69-bus radial distribution system is used to simulate, and the results are compared with the existing particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA), and support vector machine (SVM). The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model and method are verified.


Introduction: the training of undergraduate medical students in statistics is very important for their professional career. Objective: showing the fact that using dynamically-computerized tools for simulating and demonstrating concepts underlying the teaching of statistics in Moodle-based activities, contributes to an increase in the comprehension of statistical concepts and improvement of scientific papers designed by these medical students. Material and methods: all across the second semester of the 2013-2014 Academic Year, some pedagogical experiment was carried out using two groups; one was teaching using dynamically-computerized tools and the other the traditional teaching method. The independent variable consisted in the use of dynamically-set computing tools, carried out using the Moodle platform, whereas the dependent (variables) was the students' comprehension of statistical concepts and the quality of scientific papers. Results: the final test showed no significant statistic differences among both classes (p=0,4>0,05), even though the number of students who passed the test from the class undergoing the experiment (52,9 %) was higher than those in the control class (47,1%). The experiment-conducted class showed a better quality in scientific papers (50%) as compared to the other group (14,3%). Conclusions: the results of the final test and the students' scientific work proved that the use of dynamic tools applied to the teaching of statistics and the use of virtual spaces can contribute to improve learning this subject and a better application of statistical concepts in research.


The study of character recognition algorithms has become increasingly intense due to the growth in areas such as pen-based computers, scanners, and personal digital assistants. One algorithm that has potential commercial applications and that recognizes boxed, hand printed characters is explored and implemented on a TMS320CSx Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip. By using the DSP chip, the algorithm can fully utilize the chip's special characteristics, and the result is a fast, real-time character recognition system. The algorithm, when run on a 486 33MHz PC, initially recognizes characters at a rate of 20 ms per character. Once being run on the DSP, the algorithm is capable of recognizing a character in about 14.6 ms. The algorithm was then optimized in the DSP's assembly language to further increase the recognition speed, and a rate of 5.7 ms per character is achieved. Finally, an unboxed recognition algorithm is implemented on the DSP chip for real-time recognition. Thesis Supervisor: V. Michael Bove Title: Professor of Media Arts and Sciences Thesis Supervisor: Mansoor A. Chishtie Title: Applications Engineer, DSP Applications


Context: The recent developments made during the last decade or two in requirements engineering (RE) methods have seen a rise in using different machine-learning (ML) algorithms to solve some complex RE problems. One such problem is identifying and classifying software requirements on Stack Overflow (SO). The suitability of ML-based techniques to this tackle problem has shown convincing results, much better than those generated by some traditional natural language processing (NLP) techniques. Nevertheless, a comprehensive and systematic comprehension of these ML based techniques is still deficient. Objective: To identify and classify the type of ML algorithms used for identifying software requirements on SO. Method: This article reports systematic literature review (SLR) gathering evidence published up to August, 2019. Results: This study identified 1073 published papers related to RE and SO. Only 12 primary papers were selected. The data extraction process revealed that; 1) Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling is the most widely used ML algorithm in the selected studies, and 2) Precision and recall are the most commonly used evaluation method to measure the performance of these ML algorithms. Conclusion: The SLR finds that while ML algorithms have great potential in the identification of RE on SO, they face some open issues that will ultimately affect their performance and practical application. The SLR calls for the collaboration between RE and ML researchers, to tackle the open issues facing the development of real-world ML systems.


In this work, we report on a potentiostatic electrochemical procedure employing an ethanolic solution of peroxotungstic acid yielded tungsten oxide (WO3) films specifically for transmissive electrochromic devices (ECDs) such as "smart windows". WO3 film was confirmed from the binding energy determination by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic studies. The diffusion coefficient during intercalation and deintercalation was found to be 2.59×10−10 and 2.40×10−10 cm2/C. Electrodeposited WO3 produce high color/bleach transmittance difference up to 74% at 630 nm. On reduction of WO3, the CIELAB 1931 2% color space coordinates show the transition from colorless to the deep blue state (L=95.18, a=2.12, b=0.3138, and L=57.78, a=−21.79, b=0.244) with steady decrease in relative luminance. The highest coloration efficiency (CE) of 92 cm2/C and good response time of 10.28 for coloration (reduction) and 3.2 s for bleaching (oxidation) was observed with an excellent reversibility of 89%.


INTRODUCTION: Autologous PBSC transplant is an important yet evolving treatment modality for patients with AML. However, the ideal mobilization regimen from which to collect PBSC remains in question. Previous reports have indicated that highdose cytarabine with etoposide is both safe and effective in terms of successful PBSC procurement, subsequent engraftment, and disease outcome. METHODS: At our institution from 1994 to 2007, 38 consecutive patients with de novo non-promyelocytic AML in first complete remission following conventional induction chemotherapy were consolidated with high-dose cytarabine (2000mg/m 2 IV q12h × 8 doses, days 1–4) and etoposide (40mg/kg IV over 96h) followed by G-CSF 5 mg/kg subcutaneously starting d14 until completion of PBSC collection. Patients underwent myeloablative therapy with busulfan (1mg/kg po q6h × 16 doses, days –7 to -4) and etoposide (60 mg/kg IV over 10h, day -3) with PBSC infusion occurring on day 0 with daily G-CSF 5 mg/kg. Data regarding stem cell yield, engraftment and patient outcome was collected retrospectively. RESULTS: The average patient age was 44 years (range 19–70). Following consolidation, at least 2×10 6 CD34 cells/kg were isolated from all 38 patients with a median of 9.4×10 6 (range 2.2–43) CD34 cells/kg over a mean of 4 collections (range 1–11). Overall, 36 of 38 (95%) remained in CR and went onto PBSC transplant (one died from infectious complications during consolidation, one relapsed before transplant). The median number of stem cells infused was 8.8×10 6 CD 34 cells/kg (range 2.2–47). All 36 patients engrafted with the mean number of days to neutrophil recovery (ANC>500) being 11 (range 8–17) and the mean number of days to platelet recovery (>20,000) being 12 (range 8–19). Disease-free outcomes in patients undergoing PBSC transplant while in CR1 are presented in Figure 1. The 3y overall survival in all pts was 66%, and 56% at 5y. For good-risk cytogenetic patients, 3y OS was 78% and the 5y OS was 75%. For intermediate-risk cytogenetic patients, OS was 47% and 36% at 3y and 5y respectively. Three patients with poor cytogenetics were autulogously transplanted. One patient relapsed at day 111 and expired at day 450. The second patient remains in CR at day 246. The third patient relapsed at day 104 and expired at day 322. CONCLUSION: In patients with de novo non-promyelocytic AML in CR1, consolidation with high-dose cytarabine plus etoposide is safe and provides excellent yield of PBSCs upon growth factor accelerated hematological recovery. Subsequent engraftment after autologous transplanation is rapid. Our outcomes support the viability of this regimen in patients with good and intermediate-risk cytogenetics.


Existing studies of internal diversification are reviewed and found to be too general to guide managerial decision making. An organizational learning view of diversification is presented. Further, an implementation-oriented framework for assessing the relatedness of new business candidates is developed. The relatedness of a targeted diversification domain and the primary tasks of diversification are seen as critical constructs for guiding implementation and organization design choices.


The inherent brittleness of glass invariably leads to a large variability in strength data and a time dependence in strength (i.e., static fatigue). Loading rate plays a large role in strength values. Glass is found to be weaker when supporting loads over long periods as compared to glass which undergoes rapid loading. In this instance the purpose of rapid loading is to fail the glass before any significant crack growth occurs. However, a decrease in strength occurs with a decrease in loading rate, pursuant to substantial crack extension. These properties complicate the structural design allowable for the utilization of glass components in applications such as mirrors for the Space Telescope and AXAF for Spacelab and the space station.


This research focused on the subtitles of 360-degree video journalism to explore the impact of subtitles presentation on video viewing behavior. 27 participants were asked to watch the 360-degree video journalism by using the Head Mount Display (HMD). The content which the participants watched was recorded, and the participants were required to complete a memory test related to the video journalism content after watching. By analyzing the content of the video and combining with the results of the memory test, the results showed that participants' subtitle viewing behavior had certain commonality, that was, participants paid more attention to the position with subtitles, and the subtitle viewing behavior was affected by the screen content; moreover, the duration time of the subtitles was positively related to video journalism content memory.


* denotes selection is new to this edition. THE MIDDLE AGES. Before the Norman Conquest. Beowulf. * Response. * John Gardner, From Grendel. * Early Irish Narrative. * The Labour Pains of the Ulaid & The Twins of Macha. * The Birth of Cu Chulaind. * The Naming of Cu Chulaind. Early Irish Verse. To Crinog. Pangur the Cat. Writing in the Wood. The Viking Terror. The Old Woman of Beare. Findabair Remembers Froech. A Grave Marked with Ogam. From The Voyage of Mael Duin. Judith. The Dream of the Rood. Perspectives: Ethnic and Religious Encounters. Bede. From An Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Bishop Asser. From The Life of King Alfred. King Alfred. Preface to St. Gregory's Pastoral Care. Ohthere's Journeys. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. Stamford Bridge and Hastings. Taliesin. Urien Yrechwydd. The Battle of Argoed Llwyfain. The War-Band's Return. Lament for Owain Son of Urien. * The Tale of Taliesin. The Wanderer. Wulf and Eadwacerandthe Wife's Lament. Riddles. Three Anglo-Latin Riddles by Aldhelm. Five Old English Riddles. After the Norman Conquest. Perspectives: Arthurian Myth in the History of Britain. Geoffrey of Monmouth. From History of the Kings of Britain. Gerald of Wales. From The Instruction of Princes. Edward I. Letter to the Papal Court of Rome. Response. A Report to Edward I. Arthurian Romance. Marie de France. LAIS. Prologue. Lanval. * Chevrefoil (The Honeysuckle). * Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Trans. by J.R.R. Tolkien. Sir Thomas Malory. Morte Darthur. From Caxton's Prologue. The Poisoned Apple. The Days of Destiny. * Responses. * Marion Zimmer Bradley, From The Mists of Avalon. * John Cleese, Graham Chapman, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin, scene from Monty Python and the Holy Grail. Geoffrey Chaucer. The Parliament of Fowls. The CANTERBURY TALES. The General Prologue, Middle English translation * The General Prologue, Modern translation on facing pages, trans. by David Wright The Miller's Tale. The Introduction. The Tale. The Wife of Bath's Prologue. The Wife of Bath's Tale. * Response. * William Dunbar, From The Treatise of the Two Married Women and the Widow. The Franklin's Tale. The Prologue. The Tale. The Pardoner's Prologue. The Pardoner's Tale. The Nun's Priest's Tale. The Parson's Tale. The Introduction. (The Remedy for the Sin of Lechery.) Chaucer's Retraction. To His Scribe Adam. Complaint to His Purse. William Langland. Piers Plowman. Prologue. Passus 2. from Passus 5. Passus 6. Passus 18. "Piers Plowman" and Its Time: The Rising of 1381. From The Anonimalle Chronicle [Wat Tyler's Demands to Richard II and his death]. Three Poems on the Rising of 1381. John Ball's First Letter. John Ball's Second Letter. The Course of Revolt. John Gower. From The Voice of One Crying. Mystical Writings Julian of Norwich. A Book of Showings. (Three Graces. Illness. The First Revelation.) (Laughing at the Devil.) (Christ Draws Julian in Through His Wound.]) (The Necessity of Sin, and of Hating Sin.) (God as Father, Mother, Husband.) (The Soul as Christ's Citadel.) (The Meaning of the Visions Is Love.) Julian of Norwich and Her Time. Richard Rolle. From The Fire of Love From The Cloud of Unknowing. * Response. * Rebecca Jackson, The Dream of Washing Quilts. Medieval Biblical Dramas. The Second Play of the Shepherds. The York Play of the Crucifixion. Vernacular Religion and Repression. The Wycliffite Bible. John 10:11-18. From A Wycliffite Sermon on John 10:11-18. John Mirk. From Festial. Preaching and Teaching in the Vernacular. Nicholas Love. From The Mirror of the Blessed Life of Jesus. From The Confession of Hawisia Moone of Loddon. Margery Kempe. The Book of Margery Kempe. The Preface. (Early Life and Temptations, Revelation, Desire for Foreign Pilgrimage.) (Meeting with Bishop of Lincoln and Archbishop of Canterbury.) (Visit with Julian of Norwich.) (Pilgrimage to Jerusalem.) (Arrest by Duke of Bedford's Men Meeting with Archbishop of York.) Middle English Lyrics. The Cuckoo Song ("Sumer is icumen in"). Spring ("Lenten is come with love to toune"). Alisoun ("Bitwene Mersh and Averil"). I Have a Noble Cock. My Lefe Is Faren in a Lond. Fowles in the Frith. Abuse of Women ("In every place ye may well see"). The Irish Dancer ("Gode sire, pray ich thee"). A Forsaken Maiden's Lament ("I lovede a child of this cuntree"). The Wily Clerk ("This enther day I mete a clerke"). Jolly Jankin ("As I went on Yol Day in our procession"). Adam Lay Ibounden. I Sing of a Maiden. In Praise of Mary ("Edi be thu, Hevene Quene"). Mary Is With Child ("Under a tree"). Sweet Jesus, King of Bliss. Now Goeth Sun under Wood. Jesus, My Sweet Lover ("Jesu Christ, my lemmon swete"). Contempt of the World ("Where beth they biforen us weren?"). Dafydd Ap Gwilym. Aubade. One Saving Place. The Girls of Llanbadarn. Tale of a Wayside Inn. The Hateful Husband. The Winter. The Ruin. Middle Scots Poets. William Dunbar. Lament for the Makars. Done is a Battell. In Secreit Place This Hyndir Nycht. Robert Henryson. Robyne and Makyne. Late Medieval Allegory. * Charles of Orleans. * Fortunes Stabilnes * Ballade 26. * Ballade 61. * Roundel 94. * Mankind, a modern acting edition, ed. by Peter Meredith. * Christine de Pizan. * From Book of the City of Ladies, translation by Earl Jeffrey Richards.


Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common pediatric endocrine diseases, while hypoglycemia has become a major obstacle for DM control, which may lead to severe brain damage, growth and development restriction and even coma and death if the patients are not timely treated. In recent years, more and more scholars have paid attention to the anti-regulation effect of counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia. Hence, it is crucial for us to prevent and treat DM by reviewing relevant studies and recognizing the specificity of counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia in children with DM.

Key words:
Review; Child; Diabetes mellitus, type 1; Hypoglycemia; Counterregulatory hormone


For quite a long time, RMB has been adopting the policy of pegging to the US dollars at a stable rate. But due to the differences of Sino-US economic structures, economic mechanism and growth levels, this relatively fixed exchange rate is derived from the bilateral economic game theory, and RMB has been encounting huge pressure of appreciation and market speculation expectation. This paper adopts both static and dynamic methods of appraisal to evaluate RMB, analyzes the benefits of its appreciation, and proposes the principles of RMB's exchange rate and its mechanism and paths as well as the policy plan.


In the first quarter of the 11th century, the Banū Ḥammūd founded two petty kingdons in Malaga and Algeciras that had both their own and separate lives at the same time. The kingdom of Malaga was based on two cities: Malaga, the capital, Dār al-Mamlaka , the caliph's seat, and Ceuta, the heir's residence that provided safety on the other side of the Gibraltar Strait and symbolized the true identity of the Banū Ḥammūd. This work does not intend to study the history of this kingdon but to analize the relationship between both cities and the conduct of different sectors of the population.


Long Term Persistence for JavaBeans (LTP) is an API that supports a general mechanism for serializing JavaBeans into an XML-based text format and vice versa. As Java programming language does not currently support orthogonal persistence, a programmer can choose to convert the internal state of an application into a permanent storage and vice versa using the LTP API. In this paper, we propose a mechanism that is extensible and optional for LTP, without modifying the LTP specification, to maximize the flexibility and extendibility of Java applications. Our approach embeds scripts in an encoded XML text in order to reconstruct missing objects, or to create some additional helper objects during the subsequent decoding process. Moreover, as the decoding process may take too much time to instantiate certain heavyweight objects, the proposed mechanism also supports an optional cache pool to speed it up.


Although many vesical and prostatic lesions are best treated by transurethral technics, procedures of this type are plagued by inherent difficulties and complications not encountered in open surgical interventions. Those seen most frequently are separation of the trigone and perforations through the bladder wall, prostatic capsule or urethra. Since the number of transurethral operations is increasing, we must anticipate a corresponding incidence of operative accidents. Urologic surgeons are well aware of these misfortunes and make every effort to avoid them. However, the possibility that perforation has occurred may either be overlooked or discounted on the basis of wishful thinking. As a result, the most favorable opportunity to correct damage and obviate sequelae may be lost. Injuries of this character usually develop during difficult transurethral resections but may complicate litholapaxy, resection of neoplasms or removal of foreign bodies. A few have resulted from sudden overdistention of the bladder by clot evacuators


Objective To investigate the changes of blood lipids with fasting and postprandial in patients with DM2.Methods 30 patients with DM2 and 30 normal controls were studied with fasting and postprandial blood lipid、apolipoprotein(Apo)、serum insulin(INS) and glucose were measured.Results The levels of GLU、TG and FFA are higher and the level of HDL-c is low in DM2 than normal controls(P0.05).Postprandial CHOL、LDL-c、ApoA1 and FFA are remark decreased in DM2 than normal controls(P0.05).Conclusion It is difficult to use glucose in DM2,the utilize of lipids are much more intensively.The use of insulin in therapy may benefit to the patients with DM2 in decreasing lipids.


Preface Part I. Introduction and Background: 1. Introduction 2. Automotive control system design process 3. Review of engine modeling 4. Review of vehicle dynamics 5. Human factors and driver modeling Part II. Powertrain Control Systems: 6. Air-to-fuel ratio control 7. Control of spark timing 8. Idle speed control 9. Transmission control 10. Control of hybrid vehicles 11. Modeling and control of fuel cells for vehicles Part III. Vehicle Control Systems: 12. Cruise and headway control 13. Antilock brake systems and traction control 14. Vehicle stability control 15. Four wheel steering 16. Active suspensions Part IV. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS): 17. Overview of ITS 18. Preventing collisions 19. Automated highway systems (AHS) and platooning 20. Lateral active safety systems and automated steering Appendix A. Review of control theory fundamentals Appendix B. Two-mass three DOF vehicle lateral/yaw/roll model.


The enzymatic and molecular properties of 14 oxacillin-hydrolyzing β-lactamases, all of them R-factor-specified, were studied, and two distinct groups were found. Four of the enzymes had a molecular weight of 24,000, were active against methicillin, and had an electrophoretic mobility of −0.1 cm/h. Eight enzymes had a molecular weight of 45,000, low activity against methicillin, and an electrophoretic mobility of +0.5 cm/h. The remaining two enzymes were similar to those of the second group in being relatively inactive against methicillin, but their molecular weight was lower (42,000) and their electrophoretic mobility was different (−0.1 cm/h). All the enzymes of both groups were sensitive to inhibition by sodium chloride. The two groups were not completely homogeneous in their enzymatic properties; seven possible subtypes could be recognized.


The aim of this trial was to evaluate the dynamic of the pathogen population, such as Salmonella typhimurium, L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7, during the seasoning of traditional Valtellina Bresaola PGI. Different Bresaola were artificially contaminated on their surface after brine-salting with a 10 7 cfu/cm 2 concentration of pathogens, and then sacked and seasoned. Samples were taken from ' the surface of each bresaola during the seasoning time of 5 weeks, and analysed to value the populations of pathogens. Salmonella decreased with a biphasic trend characterized by a first phase in which the decimal decreasing time ' (D) was 8 hours and 16 minutes, and a second phase in which D became 20 days and 11 hours. However, during the usual seasoning period, the decrease of Salmonella was equal to 5 logarithms. E. coli 01 57: H7 decreased with a linear trend in which D was 8 days and 20 hours, and during the usual seasoning period, the decrease of the pathogen was equa to 4 logarithms. The population of L. monocytogenes decreased with a linear trend in which D was 30 days and 17 hours, and so during the usual seasoning period the decrease of the pathogen was less than 2 logarithms.


Children with developmental disabilities occupy a niche area in research literature. This has enabled us to have an in depth understanding into their condition and the problems they face. However, an often-overlooked component of disability is the effect that it has on the family as a unit. Caring for a child with a disability is a taxing task which can strain the physical and psychological resources of their caretakers or their parents. The present study is aimed at understanding the differences in parental stress and general self-efficacy among parents with and without autistic children. It further tries to predict these factors on the basis of the presence of an autistic child. The study was conducted on 70 parents distributed equally based on the presence and absence of autism in their child. The parental stress scale and general self-efficacy scale were used and it was found that self-efficacy is lower and parental stress is higher among parents with Autistic children. The study also concluded that higher parental stress and lower self-efficacy is predicted by the presence of an Autistic child.


Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) represent the height of terrain and are widely used in many spatial information related applications. Accuracies of DEMs vary depending upon the requirements of different applications. This paper highlights the height accuracy of DEMs derived from SRTM 90M, ASTER 30m, HYDRO1k and Google Earth technologies against field data of a stream profile collected through Global Positioning survey. The methods involve collection of variable DEMs data, developing regression models to find relationship between DEMs and GPS based elevation data, and data quality assessment. The data generated for comparison of the elevation profiles derived from the DEMs against GPS is manipulated with the aid of Geographic Information System (GIS). Multiple linear regressions have been used to define the relationship between the DEM and the 30 plus GPS survey points. The results show a close relationship between the SRTM DEM and the GPS data with Mean Sum of Residual of 0.41m and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 4m. The study provides insight of different DEM technologies available from open sources which can be utilized for detail planning and management of watershed areas of the country in future.


Abstract : A methodology for minimizing the deleterious scattering effects of absorber cones in an anechoic chamber was modeled and simulated. The concept involved the use of an absorber block which is placed between the source antenna and the antenna undertest (AUT) in the anechoic chamber. A calibration run is made that measures and stores the scattered r.f.. in the chamber with direct propagation to the AUT blocked. The absorber block is removed and the measurement repeated. The data from the calibration run is vectorially subtracted from the second data run yielding the equivalent freespace characteristics of the AUT. The simulation process involved modeling all elements of an anechoic chamber. For this study the Benefield Anechoic Facility was modeled. This included the source antenna, every absorber cone, and a monitoring "screen" for sensing the E-field at any arbitrary site, or array of sites, in the chamber. The "screen" data was used to calculate the impact on several modeled antennas. These were a 16 element 30 dB Taylor distribution linear array and an interferometer antenna. It was shown that scattered r.f. from absorber cones greatly effects the ability to measure high performance antennas and could compromise the AOA reading of an interferometer antenna.


The stability of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) source materials for high- T _c superconducting films was examined by ^1H-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance), ^13C-NMR, IR (infrared) absorption, and TG-DTA (thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis) measurements. Highly purified Ca(DPM)_2 (DPM: dipyvaloylmethane: (CH_3)_3CCOCHCOC(CH_3)_3) and Sr(DPM)_2, utilizing recrystallization and sublimation, easily decomposed at room temperature and changed their thermal properties when they were handled and stored in air or even in an Ar atmosphere without removing adsorbed species such as water. The stability increased by removing a trace of adsorbed species and storing in an Ar atmosphere at −30 °C. Bi(C_6H_5)_3 and Y(DPM)_3 showed higher chemical stability than Ca(DPM)_2 and Sr(DPM)_2.


First, we decided we needed a quantitative approach to winter grazing. Often we do a quick windshield, eyeball measurement of forages and decide how long a field can last a group of animals. We found these approximations to be lacking in consistency and predictability. Instead, we developed a falling plate meter to actually measure the amount of forage in a field. This was based on work done at WVU by Ed Rayburn.


Tare test data of a free-to-roll test rig with wind off are analyzed for the bearing friction by a method of differential corrections. The resulting data set is extended to transonic wind-on test conditions in oscillation frequency, amplitude, and normal force by assuming the friction coefficient to be inversely proportional to the frequency. The extended set of data is employed to establish a numerical model through a fuzzy logic algorithm. Some results showing the effects of frequency, amplitude, and normal force on the friction torque are illustrated in the paper. The predicted friction torque is then removed from the balance readings of rolling moments in the free-to-roll testing. Results of data analysis for the F-18C and F-16C models indicate that bearing-friction torques have very significant effects on the measured or experimentally determined roll damping. Without friction correction, the measured roll damping would be too small and, in some cases, even incorrect in sign. The effect of friction torque on the dihedral effect tends to be minor. Exceptions to these results appear when the configuration exhibits unstable roll damping in transonic flow.


This article bases on Visual FoxPro procedure development software,to provide a new method to convert Excel file into text document for bank,which solve incompatible problem in the exchange of data for the general business user and the specialized organization such as bank,company and so on.


can be transmitted only through a human medium (pp. 17f., 34). All of this, it seems to the reviewer, is based upon strained exegesis. Other passages of questionable exegesis are Mk. 3:29 (p. 30), John 3:5 (pp. 33f.) , John 7:38f. (p.35), and 1 John 3: 9 (p. 73). The ideas of gradual incarnation (p. 28, Dorner's doctrine!) and the divinity of the child of God (p. 93) are doubtful doctrines. Dale Moody


The effect of stress on the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic thin films is an old topic.In recent years,with the means of progress in experimental techniques,regulating the macroscopic properties of magnetic materials through stress becomes more and more convenient,and stress engineering is playing an increasingly important role.The modeling of ferromagnetic thin film under stress,the stress dependence properties of the coercive force,hysteresis loss and magnetostriction coefficient were briefly reviewd.The research progress and the existing problems were also introduced.Materials with perpendicular anisotropy have great potential for applications and have become the focus of attention of many authors.The applications of new experimental techniques such as high-resolution magnetic force microscopy has made it possible to understand the origin of the perpendicular anisotropy and its relationship with stress.


The analysis of methods for calculating the electrical characteristics of earth electrodes in case of emergency currents of industrial frequency flowing through the elements of earthing arrangements is carried out. A method for improving complex earthing arrangements of electrical installations by optimization of their design parameters is proposed. The proposed method consists in installing an artificial earth electrode with an increased contact area of its surface with the ground, which makes it possible to increase the conductivity of earthing spreading. The use of these electrodes on the territory of projected or operating electrical installations ensures that the values of the normalized parameters of earthing arrangements are brought to permissible values. The use of the method given in the calculations of earthing arrangements requires the replacement of volumetric earth electrodes with a set of linear vertical electrodes. The design model is substantiated by equivalent electrical characteristics relative to the two-layer model of the electrical structure of the earth. The equivalent model was obtained by a given approximation of the electrical characteristics of a set of straight electrodes in the process of increasing their number to the equivalent characteristics of the reference model. In turn, the determination of the characteristics of the reference model was carried out directly by solving the boundary value problem for the potential satisfying Laplace equation using finite difference method. Theoretical investigations using induced potential method and methods of calculation of branched electric circuits with distributed parameters for calculation of electric field and resistance of the complex non-equipotential earth electrode in the ground with two-layer structure have been carried out. The developed electrodes of increased spread conductivity are mounted as experimental samples and are involved in the formation of the electrical characteristics of the earthing arrangements.


Summary form only given, as follows. A measurement of argon plasma dynamics has been made in correlation with X-rays produced by a small 3 kJ plasma focus. The speed of the plasma sheath was measured using a magnetic probe X-rays produced by the focussing plasma was measured using a four channels PIN diode spectrometer. The spectral contents of the X-ray and the plasma electron temperature were obtained by the ratio method. For discharge at 0.5 and 3 mbar, the speed of the current sheath was measured. The electron temperatures were deduced to be 1.2 keV at high pressure and more than 5 keV at low pressure. Results show that when the plasma focus is operating at low pressure the plasma is contaminated with copper impurity. A simulation of the axial dynamics of the plasma focus was also carried out and the results are compared with those obtained experimentally.


Equations including unknown functions are called function al equations([1]). Among them, functionalequations containing only one independent variable are cal led iterative functional equations([9]). On theother hand, functional equations, like Cauchy's equation( [10]), containing two or more independent vari-ables for unknown functions of a single variable are called f unctional equations of several variables([2]).Among iterative functional equations, the problem of itera tive roots is important. If the n -th iterateof a function f is equal to g, i.e.f


The sample size formula is extensively used in work measurement. However, this formula, based on statistical techniques, demands that parameters should be precisely assessed. In some situations, when there is vagueness involved in the assessment of parameters, the results obtained using this formula could be erroneous. Redesigns this formula in a fuzzy environment where its parameters can be specified imprecisely. This gives "leeway" to the user in stating the parameters, in the sense that parameters can be specified in a range. The strength of fuzzy set theory lies in the possibility of quantifying and manipulating qualitative statements, vagueness, lack of data, or subjectivity of opinion.


Health institutions have realized the importance of privacy engineering that focuses on development of guidelines, practices and models for the protection of patients' privacy. However, due to the intricate healthcare systems with transitive health workflows, the processing of patient information in one setting may be more problematic than that in another. As a solution to this problem, we deconstruct the complex transitive healthcare system into individual activity sub-systems, and develop an inter-organizational privacy risk model that facilitates assessing privacy risk in individual activity sub-systems within the transitive health information workflows. This research contributes to privacy engineering by demonstrating how the privacy risk model can be utilized to mitigate the risks to patient information.


This thesis describes a methodology for forensic craniofacial reconstruction, de ned as the reproduction a subject's facial appearance from the skull and mandible for the purposes of identi cation. The focus of this work is on reproducing three dimensional facial shape from the shape of the skull and mandible of a subject. This task can be broken into two parts. First, a technique for determining soft tissue depth at any point on the skull and mandible surface is presented. Second, two complementary methods of producing three dimensional facial shape are presented: a method which generates a surface using the skull and mandible as a skeleton of an implicit surface and a method which produces a hierarchical B-spline surface t to facial surface locations. Surface material properties and facial features can then be added and modi ed to these models before being rendered and distributed. Results of these processes are presented.


The movement on building excellent schools has developed recently. Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (Islamic Elementary Schools, MI), which used to be managed traditionally, has also been developed to that direction. The criteria of excellent education are based on the academic quality and the goals of MI. The excellent MI is indicated by the effectiveness of managing the invisible conceptual principles such as values, philosophy, and ideology. Such an effectiveness can trigger the support of the internal and external community of MI. This becomes the key of the success in managing the visible symbols and expressions like conceptual, material, and behavior manifestation. In addition, excellent MI is also indicated by its vision about the future through the strategic planning refering to self-management.


When I started to think about this presentation, I realised that I am at a great disadvantage compared with my colleagues on the panel because they look at reality everyday, they talk about it and it is very interesting. But I'm supposed to be an academic these days. So I have to make an effort to come up with something on which we can agree or disagree and that at least helps us understand what is going on from a more or less conceptual point of view. Not only in terms of specifics but more generally.


Background: With the advent of personalised medicine, the need for flexible dosing is increasingly important. Conventional pharmaceutical manufacturing processes can be constrained in their ability to offer flexible dosing options to meet patient need. This is particularly important in specific populations, for example children, where available formulations are frequently not age-appropriate and need to be modified to achieve an intended dose. 3D-printing of solid dosage forms offers a disruptive technology which enables solid-dosage forms of medicines to be manufactured at flexible, precise doses meeting the needs of individual patients. This technology has relevance for manufacture of existing active pharmaceutical ingredients for a range of conditions including inflammatory diseases. Objectives: To develop 3D-printed oral solid dosage forms of medicines which are age-appropriate for children and young people. To determine the acceptability of 3D-printed medicines to children and young people by conducting interventional studies of tablet administration. Methods: Tablets containing a range of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) were produced using two stages: (i) holt melt extrusion of a filament containing API and excipients; (ii) 3D printing of the filament using fused deposition modelling (FDM) to produce the desired shape in a layer-by-layer pattern. Acceptability of 3D-printed tablets to children and young people (CYP) aged 4-12 years was assessed by the swallowability and mouthfeel following administration of different size 3D-printed placebo tablets. Results: Using hydrocortisone as an exemplar API, Tablets were successfully produced by the FDM 3D printing process. Thermal analysis indicated that HC remained stable below 160°C and the tablets had very high mechanical strength with friability of 0%. This illustrates the ability of the printer to produce a ready-to-use-tablet without the need for a drying or finishing step. The disintegration took 9.2–14 min confirming immediate release properties. We administered for the first time globally an ingestible 3D-printed tablet to a child. CYP were able to swallow and ingest 3D-printed bi-convex tablets of either 6mm, 8mm or 10mm diameter. The 3D tablets were reported by CYP to have a slightly more discernible mouthfeel than placebo tablets of the same size manufactured in a GMP facility. Conclusion: FDM 3D printing offers a disruptive technology for the manufacture of solid dosage forms of medicines of flexible doses with excellent dose precision and pharmacopeial properties. In circumstances where modification of existing dosage forms is needed, this offers an alternative reliable means of achieving the intended dose. This technology is also suited to the manufacture of solid dosage forms of small molecules which may be particularly important in the treatment of inflammatory disease. Disclosure of Interests: None declared


A new emulsification-crosslinking method was developed for the preparation of chitosan microspheres. The new method uses an aqueous alkali–urea solution, instead of the commonly used acidic solvents, to dissolve chitosan. After emulsification, the water-in-oil droplets are solidified by heating, taking advantage of the unique in situ thermal gelling behavior of the alkaline chitosan solution, instead of by crosslinking with a usually toxic crosslinker. The size of the microspheres can be controlled by the concentration of chitosan solution, stirring speed, emulsifier concentration, and the curing temperature. The resulting microspheres are physically crosslinked, instead of chemically crosslinked, and they are ready to dissolve in dilute acetic acid. The resulting chitosan microspheres are non-toxic and can be degraded by lysozyme. Bovine serum albumin, a model protein, can be facilely loaded into the microspheres by adsorption, and then released from the microspheres.


Abstract Di- and tri-peptides with α -aminopropanephosphonic acid as the acid-terminal residue have been prepared containing L-alanyl, D-alanyl, DL-alanyl, and glycyl groups. Nmr parameters (1H, 13C and 31P) are reported for solutions of the peptides in D2O and are discussed. Diastereoisomeric forms of the L-ala-, and L-ala-L-ala-peptides were separated on a cation exchange-column and it was found in each case that the methine and carbonyl groups of the alanyl residue that is adjacent to the aminophosphonic group exhibit slightly different 13C chemical shifts in each of the two diastereoisomers. Fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry gave characteristic [MH]+ ions, which usually appeared as the base peak. Fragment ions were formed by the elimination of α-lactam units from the amino-carboxylic acid residues and phosphorous acid from the aminophosphonic acid residue. The L-ala-peptides showed similar activity to that of α-aminopropanephosphonic acid when applied as seed-dressings at 400 ppm for the control...


PURPOSE: An adhesive film for a semiconductor package is provided to have a low mobility at high temperature by a crosslinking reaction of a carboxyl group-containing acrylic copolymer after a die attach cure process, and to prevent bonding defects and chip cracks due to bouncing. CONSTITUTION: An adhesive film for a semiconductor package comprises a substrate layer(1), an adhesive layer(2), and a bonding layer(3). The bonding layer comprises a thermoplastic resin which includes an epoxy group-containing acrylic copolymer, and thermoplastic resin which comprises a carboxyl group-containing acrylic copolymer; epoxy-based resin with a softening point of 30-100 °C, a phenol resin hardening agent, a hardening accelerator, and an inorganic filler. The thermoplastic resin comprises 1-7 weight% of an epoxy group-containing acrylic copolymer which contains glycidyl acrylate or glycidyl methacrylate; and 1-7 weight% of a carboxyl group-containing acrylic copolymer which contains methacrylic acid.


OBJECTIVE
To explore the correlation between X-ray-induced rat cerebral neuron apoptosis and radiation doses.

METHODS
In a controlled experiment, the rats in the experimental group received X-ray radiation at different doses (2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy), and the apoptotic cerebral neurons were counted after in situ end-labeling and immunohistochemical staining.

RESULTS
X-ray radiation induced apoptosis of rat cerebral neurons, and the apoptotic rate varied with the radiation doses. Significant difference in the apoptotic rate was noted before and after radiation (P<0.0001), and between different radiation dose groups (P<0.005). The apoptotic rate differed significantly at different time points after the radiation.

CONCLUSION
Low or medium doses of X-ray is able to induce rat cerebral neuron apoptosis depending on the radiation doses and following a definable time course.


Raging during the 1980s, the Paradigm Wars resulted in the demise of objectivity-seeking quantitative research on teaching—a victim of putatively devastating attacks from anti-naturalists, interpretivists, and critical theorists. Subsequently, the interpretivists' ethnographic studies flourished, enhancing the cultural appropriateness of schooling, and critical theorists' analyses fostered the struggles for power for the poor, non-Whites, and women. Two alternative versions of the aftermath are also conceivable. Pragmatism and Popper's piecemeal social engineering offer paths toward a productive rapprochement of the paradigms, one guided by the moral obligations of educational research.


This article focuses on how 3D technology can support visitors' engagement with and interpretation of museum objects by offering a movement between physical and digital experiences – a so-called "flip- flopping" process. The article is based on an observation study conducted by the author at an eight day 3D workshop organized by the Danish art museum KUNSTEN Museum of Modern Art Aalborg. The museum invited schools and private visitors, children and adults, to 3D scan two sculptures from the museum collection, remix the scans digitally, 3D print the results, and finally share their remixed sculptures online.This was the first workshop of its kind at a Danish museum. The study examines how the 3D workshop, pulling visitors into the digital-physical flip-flop process of observing and remixing, supports deep and engaging acts of interpretation.


(suitably restricted) function of two real variables, and consider the function f'(x) =ff(x, y)dy. The mapping f-*f' is a linear, countably additive mapping from the space of (suitably restricted) functions of two variables to the space of functions of one variable; and it is "order-preserving" in the sense that positive functions are mapped into positive functions. The main result of this paper implies that this example is (roughly speaking) typical; under mild hypotheses, mostly of countability, every linear, countably additive, order-preserving mapping 4 from one function space Fo to another, Eo, can be obtained by coordinatewise integration in a product space. That is, there exist spaces X, Y such that Fo is "isomorphic," in a sense to be defined below (?1) to a certain space of functions on XX Y, and F' is isomorphic to a space of functions on X, and under these isomorphisms 4 corresponds to the mapping f->f' where f'(x) =ff(x, y)dy, the integral being formed with respect to an ordinary (countably additive) c-finite numerical measure on Y. (The exact theorem is stated in 5.3 below.) The formal properties of the mapping 0, and the representation theorem just mentioned, entitle 0 to be called an "abstract integral." The ordinary Lebesgue integral (over a fixed set with a a-finite measure) is included as a special case, in which F' consists of the functions defined on a single point.


Cancer is a major public health problem in the world. Despite cancer patients have benefited from the existed cancer therapy protocols, cancer therapy still remains great challenges [1]. Because of the great potential application of nanotechnology in cancer, cancer nanotechnology is emerging as a new field of interdisciplinary research [2]. The use of nanoparticles for drug delivery is likely one of the most clinically important applications of cancer nanotechnology [3].


The complex spectra of glycolic acid (GA) and water mixture have been measured by time domain reflectometry (TDR) in the frequency range 10 MHz to 30 GHz at various temperatures for entire concentration. Dielectric relaxation time (τ), static dielectric constant (ɛ 0 ) and dielectric permittivity at low frequency (ɛʹ) and at optical frequency (ɛʺ) have been determined from measured complex spectra (ɛ*) using non-linear square fit method. Conductivity, Kirkwood and effective Kirkwood correlation factor of mixture calculated from the determined dielectric parameters have been used to find the alignment of dipoles between molecules. Thermodynamic parameters enthalpy, entropy and Gibb's free energy have been determined which enable the direction of reaction. Excess permittivity of glycolic acid-water mixture has also been determined which confirms the molecular interaction. Macroscopic parameters such as density and viscosity of mixture have been determined at room temperature. FTIR spectral characterization concedes the solute-solvent interaction.


Rheumatic arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease epitomizing inflammation and permanent damage of the joints. Early treatment in RA is important as it can prevent disease progression and irreversible damage of the joints. Effective diagnosis and treatment of the disease is a challenge due to its heterogeneity. The current diagnostic tests are not sufficiently accurate to characterize the disease at early stages. As a result, RA is typically diagnosed only once damage to the joints has already begun, a time at which the time for optimal treatment may have been missed. Hence, there is a strong demand for novel serological biomarkers to improve the early diagnosis and effective stratification of this dynamic disease, so that the patient is given targeted and timely therapy. Biomarkers have the ability to revamp the management of RA by enabling the early diagnosis, assessment and prediction of disease severity, selection of therapy, and monitoring of response to therapy. In this review, we discuss the various biomarkers of RA.


ABSTRACT 28 individual poems, notes, or drawings found and photographed under the bunks at Borchgrevink's hut at Cape Adare, Antarctica during two short visits on 1 February and 19 February 2015, are catalogued, translated and in many cases a source is identified. It has been possible to read and translate 24 of 28 markings. The relevance of a number of quotations, which express unhappiness with the leadership of the expedition and the emotional reaction of expedition members, are examined and placed in the context of the first over-wintering. Further targeted investigation, requiring specific permission, is suggested.


A two-dimensional low-order model of a generic annular premixed combustor, comprising an annular combustion chamber connected to an annular plenum via a finite number of burners, is developed and validated. The shapes and frequencies of the eigenmodes as well as the stability of the combustor against self-excited oscillations can be predicted with such a model. The dynamical characteristics of each burner is described mathematically in terms of its transfer matrix. The case where the transfer matrices of individual burners differ from each other can be handled by the model formulation presented. This is important in situations where non-identical burners are used in an annular combustor as a means of passive control, or where nonlinear effects lead to non-identical burner behaviour. The resulting loss of axisymmetry enhances the coupling between nonplane acoustic modes of different order. This modal coupling is accounted for by the model. The eigenmode shapes and frequencies predicted by the low-order model are validated by comparison with the results of a three-dimensional finite element acoustic model of a generic annular combustor configuration.Copyright © 2002 by ASME


This study investigates odour removal of pilot-scale biofilters treating volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced during composting of organic fraction of municipal solid wastes (OFMSW). Four biofilters, containing non-biodegradable zeolite, biodegradable coir fibre, and the mixture of both materials, with and without inoculum, were set up onsite to treat the exhaust gases from a local composting facility. Odour-removal efficiencies of the biofilters were monitored by sensory concentration measurement using olfactometry and analytical measurement using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on three occasions, at start-up, 3 months and 9 months of operation.
At feeding rate of 1 L/L/min and feed concentration of 9,000-10,000 OU, odour removal efficiencies of the biofilters were over 90% right from start up through to 9-month period of monitoring. Inoculation of biofilter was found to be beneficial but not essential. Based on detailed analysis of odour compounds using GC-MS, zeolite biofilter was effective in adsorbing polar compounds (such as alcohol and volatile acids) while coir biofilter was found to be particularly effective in capturing non-polar VOCs, such as monoterpenes (the main component in the feed stream). The combination of coir and zeolite complemented one another providing very effective removal of both polar and non-polar volatile compounds.


Mobile computing—sometimes called Nomadic Computing—as the name suggests is computing with mobile users. A specialized case of mobile wireless network is an ad-hoc network where the network contains only mobile hosts and no base stations or any centralized routing infrastructure. Routing of packets in ad-hoc network is done by a store-and-forward mechanism from the source mobile host to the destination mobile host using intermediate mobile hosts. A pair of mobile hosts in an ad-hoc network can communicate with each other if they are in radio contact. This dissertation focuses on the following issues involved in routing and re-routing in connection-oriented mobile networks and ad-hoc networks: (1) Rerouting in connection oriented mobile networks. We have devised a framework for comparing, analyzing, and evaluating various rerouting schemes for connection-oriented mobile networks using several performance metrics. We also provided a comprehensive classification of rerouting schemes. We studied parallelism in messaging in the rerouting protocol and we suggest mechanisms to improve the performance of rerouting including radio-hints, parallel messaging. (2)  Rerouting in mobile-mobile connections in connection-oriented networks. We have presented a distributed rerouting algorithm for mobile networks where both the ends of a connection are mobile hosts (Mobile-Mobile connections). We have compared our proposed algorithm with all the other Mobile-Mobile rerouting schemes using several performance metrics. (3) Evaluation of the effect of the various rerouting schemes on the performance of wireless TCP schemes. In a mobile environment, TCP can not discriminate packets dropped due to lossy links, intermittent connectivity, handoffs and the consequent rerouting with those dropped due to network congestion. We have studied the effect of how rerouting schemes effect the performance of Wireless TCP using simulation. (4) Routing in ad-hoc networks. We propose an efficient distributed spanning tree based routing algorithm for ad hoe networks that adjusts dynamically to fast changing dynamic topologies of ad-hoc networks. We achieve this by maintaining a forest of spanning trees. Our approach has less time, space and message complexities when compared with the algorithms described in literature. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


M. J. Tasman follows the feedback he was given, and changes his day-to-day behaviors. A year later, the results are quite improved. Although Tasman only changes some external behaviors, his internal structure seems to have been affected in a positive manner.


We redox-regulated alpha-helicity of short peptides intramolecularly cross-linked with a ferrocenyl linker between amino acid side chains. The helical content of the cross-linked peptide was estimated to be 56% in the neutral state of the ferrocene core at 25 degrees C. The addition of an oxidant to the solution of the cross-linked peptide enhanced the helicity up to 75%. The increased helical content returned to the same level as that in the previous ferrocene state by further addition of a reductant.


conditions for the siurgeon and be non-depressing to the baby and the uterine tone. The safest technique to date has probably been local analgesia, but there are few who would care to maintain that this is a pleasant experience. Some of these patients who had undergone previous sections have been most grateful for the intravenous induction and the subsequent freedom from unpleasant sequelae. d-Tubocurarine has passed its experimental stage, and its early promise has been confirmed by further extensive experience. It is debatable whether any potent drug which is delivered into the blood stream can be called safe, but this one seems to be less dangerous than many others in daily use. On the other hand, among these patients were five who were seriously ill: two had eclampsia, having had several fits, two had had extensive haemorrhage from placenta praevia, and one had advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. They all had an uneventful convalescence and with the exception of the last mentioned were fit for discharge within three weeks. Vomiting during the induction of anaesthesia with consequent aspiration pneumonia is acknowledged to be one of the hazards of this procedure. These patients have not had the usual sedative preparatidn. They are often admitted as emergencies " off the district," and are not infrequently stout and short-necked. All these factors tend to make the induction period a rather anxious time. The ill-advised insertion of an airway immediately after the initial injection did precipitate vomiting in one instance. A cuffed endotracheal tube was inserted, and the fact that suction was ready and to hand prevented any untoward result. Whatever the anaesthetic, these patients are very likely to vomit if they have had a recent meal. A rapid intravenous induction makes the emergency less likely, and the administration of d-tubocurarine undoubtedly facilitates the intubation which may be required as either a prophylactic or a therapeutic measure. The freedom from curarization of the baby has not been surprising. Whitacre and Fisher (1945) have reported that " intocostrin " (Squibbs's biologically standardized extract of curare) has no effect on the infant-an observation which has been confirmed in the present series. Substitution of "kemithal " for thiopentone as an inducing agent and ihe small amount of anaesthetic which is required after d-tubocurarine are factors which have contributed to the wide-awake condition of these babies. The good uterine tone that has been so marked a feature was not expected. This has been so striking that on two occasions it caused a temporary embarrassment to the surgeon, who found that his hand was being gripped by the contracting uterus as he extracted the child. This has so far not proved a serious handicap, and the otherwise good operating conditions have been ample compensation.' Finally, this technique, by avoiding long post-operative cepression, which is especially menacing after this operation, undoubtedly contributes to a peaceful and troublefree convalescence.


Abstract Draft estate maps by Matthew Nelson and Thomas Langdon demonstrate the process of map-making in the early seventeenth century. The drafts result from plane table and theodolite surveys, with score marks indicating sighting or protraction lines. Further scoring transferred the drafts to parchment for engrossment, creating a clear distinction between field observations and the rich imagery of the completed map.


Zia Zhanke, the 6th generation of Chinese cinema, has produced independent movies, in contrast to the 5th one who has changed to seek commercial filmmaking after the spread of capitalism in China. He finds his root in realim and supports this aesthetic by using documentary filmmaking styles. Moreover he tries to mix all the ingredients in real life by experimenting with sounds and images in order to represent the real more sincerely and truthfully. However he does not hesitate to mix fiction and documentary in his films since it is believed that the reality can be more easily revealed in this hybridity. His works are regarded documents of contemporary chinese society and peoples and also they are reconstructed, creative fictions. His unique style and sensibility capture overlapping moments of the past and the present of chinese history where melancholic nostalgia could be found. Main characters in his films are usually others or minors in society who tend to live passive lives as if rapid and significant developments of society escape them. They are depicted as objects of the sublime. However, in this reason this passive stereotyped labors and minorities in terms of their political positions may well show the limitations of realism aesthetic in Zia Zhanke's films. In this articla, I will try to anylyze several features of Chinese realim aesthic through Zia Zhanke's films, in which sounds and images are juxtaposed with mixed styles of documentary and fiction. However, in recent his works, his perpsective of seeing developments of chinese society has been changed in relation of his status of director in China and World cinema.


The paper is concerned with some of the factors that will probably influence sexual behavior at the end of this century and in the beginning of the next. These include changes in family structure, marriage, male-female relationships, effects of large organizations on male-female role playing, mass increase in population, anticipated food shortages, and the effects of forced leisure.


This paper examines reasons for cooperation among Northeast Asian economies in reducing energy-related airborne pollution, and whether cooperation could be a catalyst for cooperation on broader economic development issues. Energyrelated pollution from various fossil energy and technology options is reviewed. The central focus of the paper is the environmental and economic benefits resulting from regional cooperation to facilitate the development of a regional natural gas pipeline in Northeast Asia.


The issue that is discussed in this paper is: what strategy can regional policymakers adopt to revive their regional economies with regard to international competition? The province of Fryslân, a North Netherlands economically peripheral region, aims to revive its economic structure. For this purpose an investment program in energy saving and renewable energy was elaborated using the specific regional qualities. The program is framed by an agreement with the national government and the EU inter-regional co-operation program. The investment of € 2.6 billion is based on 29 activities that were derived from workshop interactions, and in which more than seventy businesses, experts and authorities are involved. The program may realize a reduction in fossil fuel use of roughly 21% compared with the present situation. The activities focus on energy saving and renewable energy in housing, mobility, wind energy on industrial parks and closed greenhouses, as well as the production of biofuels from biowaste. Business opportunities for the regional companies are assessed. The regional and local policy instruments are indicated for the program implementation. The efficiency of the regional and local instruments is assessed and found to be superior compared to the national output-subsidies. The implementation of far reaching energy saving and renewable energy programs is attractive and feasible at regional level, according to the models used. The findings are supported by similar developments in Scandinavia and Australia with the so-called Distributed Economy model.


A 43‐year‐old man underwent implantation of a PTFE‐covered stent to exclude an aneurysm in an aorto‐coronary venous bypass graft. A successful aneurysm closure was achieved after high‐pressure stent expansion and no intimal hyperplasia was observed within the PTFE‐covered stent segment in the angiogram performed 9 months later. The technical characteristics and indications of this new coronary prothesis are discussed based on the authors' recent experience in 63 patients. Cathet. Cardiovasc. Intervent. 46:463–465, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Taking the reduction of structure reliability at transient ignition of the grain as judgement criterion,which is due to the change of mechanical properties of a SRM propellant with storage time,the SRM life was predicted.Firstly the mechanical property parameters of a SRM propellant after stored naturally for 2,4,12,14 and 16 a and its distribution law were investigated.Then stress and train distribution during ignition process was analyzed by means of the stochastic FEM method,and transient ignition reliability of the grain after stored for different time was calculated by using stress-strength interference model.On the basis of the calculation,reliable life of the SRM was predicted.The results show that the life of the SRM with 0.97 reliability lower limit was about 15 years.


A new type of infilled frame has been recently proposed. It has a frictional sliding fuse, horizontally installed at the mid-height of the infill. It has already shown that such infilled frames have higher ductility, strength and damping ratio as well as more enhanced hysteresis cycles, compared with regular infilled frames. This experimental paper is focused on the influence of gravitational load on the behaviour of the fused infill panel. Furthermore, a repairing method in which damaged specimens are repaired by grout plasters is also studied. The results show that the gravitational load, applied to the surrounding frame of the infill for the dead or live loads, raises the ultimate strength of the fused infill specimens. It is also shown that repairing the failed specimen by grout was so efficient that the repaired specimen had greater strength than the original one. However, top gap, between the infill and the top beam of the enclosing frame should be absolutely avoided, because it decays the ultimate strength.


Loss of performance due to stiction in control valves is an important problem that needs to be solved. Industrial practitioners have articulated that stiction diagnosis from routine operating data is a component that is urgently needed for automated controller performance monitoring and improvement. While the need is well recognized, a solution that is industrially acceptable is extremely challenging. Industrial solutions preclude either invasive testing of valves or maintenance of a large database on valve characteristics for efficient stiction diagnosis. The two key industrial requirements for any stiction diagnosis technique are: the technique has to be non-invasive, and should work with routine operational data. This paper deals with the development of stiction diagnosis and compensation algorithms


We report DWDM transmission of 50 x 43 Gb/s (ITU-T G.709 OTU3 format) NRZ-DPSK channels over 7000km of conventional NZDSF, using a mixed Raman/EDFA system with 100km/22dB spans and an advanced FEC implemented in the OTU3 frame.