The oil palm tree, Elaeis guineensis was originated from West Africa where it grows in the wild and later was developed into an agricultural crop. It is mainly industry that contributes to the Malaysia economy development and introduced as ornamental plant in Malaysia on 1870 (Kalidas, 2012). Palm oil is the most traded oil in the world. According to MPOB in 2011, its exports reached almost 39.04 million tonnes of which Malaysia's share was 46%. However, pest and disease infection can cause losses of oil palm yield. Rhinoceros beetle or Oryctes rhinoceros is one of the important pest that must be controlled because it can reduce crop yield in an average 40% to 92% crop loss during the first year of harvesting (Manjeri et al., 2014). This review study was conducted to assess the effectiveness by using chemical and biological control of rhinoceros beetle and which control is mostly use by several companies in oil palm plantation. This paper also done to study the chemical and biological technique used by oil palm plantation's companies in controlling rhinoceros beetle. Based on the results, as compared to chemical and biological control, the most effective way to control the rhinoceros beetle is using biological control but chemical was applied when the population was excessive. The scope of this study by reviewing 50 global and local papers regarding to the title of this project.


The syndrome malignant hyperthermia (hyperpyrexia) (MH) and the opinions and studies of different investigators were well reviewed in recent publications. In these reviews it is apparent that since its recognition 23 years ago, perhaps befitting its name, MH has generated more heat than light. With the goal of stimulating the resolution of existing controversies, we critically and prejudicially review them.


The invention discloses an electric control cabinet with automatic fire extinguishing and flame retarding, which comprises an electric control cabinet box body. The electric control cabinet box body is fixedly arranged on the ground; the upper surface of the electric control cabinet box body is provided with a carbon dioxide automatic fire extinguishing mechanism; the electric control cabinet box body is internally provided with a temperature monitoring device; the temperature monitoring device is internally provided with a signal transmitter; the inner bottom part of the electric control cabinet box body is provided with a flame-retarding baffle device; the flame-retarding baffle device separates the inner part of the electric control cabinet box body into an upper compartment part and a lower compartment part; the lower compartment is internally provided with a battery and a photoelectric converter; the battery is internally provided with a timing discharging device; the outer surface of the electric control cabinet box body is coated with multiple solar panels; and the battery is electrically connected with the carbon dioxide automatic fire extinguishing mechanism and the temperature monitoring device respectively. The electric control cabinet with automatic fire extinguishing and flame retarding has the advantages of simple structure and strong practicability.


This paper reports design of a very low-cost (less than 2000 USD) CVD reactor for graphene synthesis, based on readily available off-the-shelf components. The reactor is intended for in-house graphene synthesis in metamaterial research. The reactor was manufactured and tested, and synthesized graphene samples were found to be of a high quality.


Abstract The use of ArF laser radiation at wavelength 193 nm to generate ozone from various pressures of oxygen gases was investigated. Kinetic results were interpreted from molecular spectroscopy and dynamics points of view. The 193 nm radiation can dissociate both oxygen molecules and ozone to produce oxygen atoms. This is an essential process in ozone generation. In this investigation, we focused on the mechanisms that ozone dissociates into three oxygen atoms or vibrationally excited oxygen molecules. The above mechanisms imply a potential process to improve the efficiency of ozone generation.


Performance, size and age which small firms fail what official receivers' reports reveal about failure which firms fail - the case of construction the performance of small firms and owner characteristics strategic planning and the small firm first principles of strategy market structure organization lifecycles the relative importance of influences on performance - the case of instrumentation influences on growth - an international comparison the capital market and small firms implications for company and public policy.


Objective To explore and research of insulin pump used in the treatment of pediatric diabetes merged pneumonia symptoms of clinical value. Methods Will be our hospital pediatric during November to January 2015, 2013 of 104 cases of diabetes treated by combined children with pneumonia, randomly divided into observation group(50 cases) and control group(54 cases), all patients taking conventional anti-infective therapy. At the same time, the group of children continue to adopt the way of pumping insulin, control group patients were taken before meals for subcutaneous insulin injection way,contrast to observe the clinical efficacy of two groups of children. Results After a course of treatment, the control group 22 cases patient basic returned to normal, 21 cases of patients with symptoms improve, clinical effective rate was 79.63%,while the observation group powerfully and effectively 31 cases and 18 cases respectively, and the clinical effective rate was98.00%, two groups of patients with the treatment data of differences, there are statistically significant(P0.05, χ2=7.068).Conclusion For the consolidation of pediatric diabetes patients with pneumonia, using pumping children with insulin to control blood sugar levels, and better able to improve the effect of clinical treatment of children with diabetes, can significantly improve the prognosis of pneumonia in children with diabetic.


A world food crisis, as N. S. Scrimshaw emphasizes in the preface to this volume, is arising from man's inability to increase food supplies as rapidly as he can increase the population. Higher efficiency and expansion of conventional methods of food production in crop-growing, animal husbandry, and fishery are obviously both vital and urgently needed. But in addition new or neglected sources of food must be investigated and developed. Prominent among such sources, particularly for the production of protein, the nutrient most often in short supply, are the unicellular organisms, such as yeasts and bacteria. In view of unpleasant connotations relative to food invoked by the terms " bacterial " and "microbial," the name " singlecell protein" has been adopted in the hope that it will eventually become commonplace and important in the discussion of human diets. The contributions dealing with production of single-cell proteins, and the difficulties in their introduction into human diets, seem the most important. Thus papers by G. H. Evans, of the British Petroleum Company Ltd., and by other workers in Taiwan, India, and Czechoslovakia, deal with novel methods of producing protein concentrates from n-paraffins obtained in oil refinery. Cultures of yeasts or Pseudomonas can rapidly assimilate these hydrocarbons, with ammonium salts as the source of nitrogen and air providing oxygen. An impressive paper by W. J. Oswald and C. G. Golueke describes the large-scale production of algae, particularly the unicellular Chlorella. The algae are grown in shallow tanks, or ponds, in a liquid medium of organic waste, which may either be domestic sewage or discarded material from agriculture or industry. Yields of protein per acre cultivated may be huge, up to 20,000 lb. (9,000 kg.) as compared with 135 lb. (60 kg.) for wheat, or 576 lb. (260 kg.) for soya beans. More research is needed, however, on inexpensive and rapid methods for the removal of the crop from its culture medium, and on making the final product wholesome and palatable. P. A. Lachance approaches the realms of science fiction, but soberly and in earnest, in detailing the problems which astronauts must face when eventually they set out on year-long voyages to distant planets. One thing which will not be in short supply for them is solar energy. By cultivating Chlorella or some other suitable photosynthesizing alga they will therefore be able to regain free oxygen from the carbon dioxide which they have expired. Eventually in large space stations plans may be more ambitious ; the algal cultures,fertilized by the excreta of the astronauts, may be processed so as to eke out food supplies. The main defect of this book is the intmductionof subjects related only distantly to its main theme, if at all. J. C. McKenzie, for example, compares at length the social functions of food in the U.S.A. and in the primitive Trobriand Islands. But is it really relevant to current problems in producing single-cell protein that the American throws salt over his shoulder to avoid bad luck, while the islander needs certain special kinds of fish to perform magic rites ? A detailed discussion by T. L. V. Blair on " problems and prospects of marketing enriched foods " is interesting, but one suspects that much hard work remains to be done in perfecting the production and quality of such foods before the time will be ripe for studying their " consumer appeal." T. MooRE.


Due to the high formation energy of Indium interstitial defect in the TiO2 lattice, the most probable location for Indium dopant is substitutional sites. Replacing Ti by In atom in the anatase TiO2 shifted the absorption edge of TiO2 towards visible regime. Indium doping tuned the band structure of TiO2 via creating In 5p states. The In 5p states are successfully coupled with the O 2p states reducing the band gap. Increasing In doping level in TiO2 improved the visible light absorption. Compensating the charge imbalance by oxygen vacancy provided compensated Indium doped TiO2 model. The creation of oxygen vacancy widened the band gap, blue shifted the absorption edge of TiO2 and declined the UV light absorption. The 2.08% In in TiO2 is the optimal Indium doping concentration, providing suitable band structure for the photoelectrochemical applications and stable geometrical configuration among the simulated models. Our results provide a reasonable explanation for the improved photoactivity of Indium doped TiO2.


Ahmed Sâib as an officer who had worked in the Ottoman army, has mostly written works on the events of final period of the Ottoman state, as it can be understood from his works. This article that he probably published in Edebiyât-i Umumiye Mecmuasi in a close time to his death, is concerned with a different question as to other works. Ahmed Sâib as a historian, tries to answer the question "how perfect and methodical Ottoman history can be written". In this purpose, he produces the past of history writing and method and especially pays attention to changes which occurred in the field of history after the revolution of France. The alternative sources he proposed about the Ottoman history and his opinions on the character and function of Tarih Encumeni established in the period of constitutional monarchy are also very interesting


Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to critically examine the content of smartphone apps produced for patients undergoing total hip replacement and total knee replacement surgery. Materials and methods: A systematic search was conducted across the five most popular smartphone app stores: iTunes; Google Play; Windows Mobile; Blackberry App World; and Nokia Ovi. Apps were identified for screening if they: targeted total hip replacement or total knee replacement patients; were free of charge; and were in English. App quality assessment was conducted independently by three reviewers using the Mobile App Rating Scale. Results: 15 apps met the inclusion criteria. On the 5-point Mobile App Rating Scale, the mean overall app quality score was 3.1. Within the Mobile App Rating Scale, the "Aesthetics" subscale had the most inconsistency across all apps, generating the highest and lowest mean scores (4.7 and 1, respectively). The "functionality" subscale had the highest mean score (3.8) among the four subscales, and the "information" subscale had the lowest mean score (2.7). Conclusion: This study highlights that despite a wide range of apps currently available to total hip replacement and total knee replacement patients, there is significant variability in their quality. Future efforts should be made to develop apps in partnership with patients, to improve the content, interactivity and relevance of apps. Implications for Rehabilitation Clinicians and rehabilitation professionals should consider that patients are using Smartphone apps to supplement their rehabilitation and be aware of currently available apps. Although some apps show promise, at present there is no one openly available app which is clinically recommended for rehabilitation use following total hip replacement and total knee replacement. Rehabilitation professionals tailor recovery programmes to individual patient needs following total hip replacement and total knee replacement, and future apps should also consider personal needs. We recommend that patients are involved in all stages of designing and testing future total hip replacement and total knee replacement rehabilitation apps.


One of the most important challenges in the Shor's algorithm is about minimizing the number of elements which is useful to construct an effective quantum computer. The best proposed architecture for implementation of Shor's algorithm is order-finding approach. In this approach for a quantum register such as |x⟩, it requires 2n qubits and 3 control qubit. However, using simple mathematical conversation which has been applied in this paper, in addition to easier implementation, we could decrease the required qubit for register |x⟩ to n qubit. This makes a significant reduction in the number of implementation elements. Our experiments on 1000 RSA numbers shows that the proposed method could find prime factor all of the RSA numbers just with one decimal number. As a result, using this implementation, we can have a more precise method for cracking RSA numbers.


In his essay "Poet of the Prairie," author Gary Lanz pays homage to fellow naturalist and writer John Madson: "When John Madson wrote about the outdoors, his words were like a magic carpet ride. The sounds, the smells, the bite of the wind were all wrapped up in his words, and the reader knew this was a writer who had lived and loved those things that he wrote about." Much the same can be said about Lanz himself.


The peaceful rise is an initiative choice from the internal and external situation,but the internationalization,intensification and urgent of Taiwan problem have brought the stern challenge to it.The author puts forward certain proposals in the essay.


Injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) using GaAs FETs are described experimentally and theoretically. Wider locking range was obtained with transmission-type ILOs than with reflection-type. Functioning as a self-oscillating mixer, the circuit showed 9.5 dB (DSB) noise figure.


The symptoms of Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) are common in the population as a whole: headaches, lethargy and irritation of the eyes, nose, throat and skin. SBS reduces productivity, increases sickness absence and takes up valuable time, both in making and dealing with those complaints. Consequently, studies of SBS among office workers have usually attributed these symptoms to problems with indoor climate factors, especially poor indoor air quality. However, studies of SBS have frequently failed to show that specific indoor air pollutants alone cause the symptoms reported by workers. SBS is a multi-factorial problem. In this paper, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model introduced by Saaty (1972) has been developed with a self-adjustment function and has been used to assess the effects of personal, occupational and environmental factors on Sick Building Syndrome in offices. An empirical model about the multi-factorial symptoms of SBS in offices has been established by using AHP. Priority factors studies show that indoor air quality and pollution are the most important environmental factors influencing SBS in the offices. Compared with other personal and occupational factors, video display terminal (VDT) use is the most significant correlate of symptoms of SBS.


Energy is central to development. As of 2014, more than 620 million1 of the roughly 1 billion Africans did not have access to electricity. Access to energy, and especially to electricity, guarantees access to fundamental basic needs, such as water, food, education, health, and transportation. Electricity provides for clean water, agricultural self-sufficiency via a maintained cold chain, the ability to study after dark, mothers giving birth in safer conditions, and workers able to get to and from work.


This letter introduces a new reference frame to improve the performance of motion estimation and compensation in video coding, based on a video stabilization technique. The proposed method synthesizes the new reference frame from the previous frame in a way that the new reference and current frames have the same camera orientations. The overhead data for each frame to transmit from an encoder to a decoder is only three rotational angles along the x, y, and z axes. Since the new reference and current frames have the same camera orientations, the proposed method significantly improves the performance of motion estimation and compensation for video sequences having dynamic camera motion by up to 0.98 dB with negligible overhead data. key words: image coding, video stabilization, reference frame


http: // www.ijesrt.com (C)International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology [832] IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY Effect of Refuse Dump on Underground Water Quality Prof. J.C Ademuluyi, Ani Celestine .I, Ugwuanyi Samuel Ekene, Dr. Cyril Sunday Umeh, Oge Sunday Oge 1, 2, 5 University of Nigeria Nsukka 4 Federal University Ndufu Alike Ikwo Ebonyi State(FUNAI) 3 Institute Of Management And Technology ( IMT) ENUGU Abstracts The major source of water in EMENE, the study area is rain, streams and well water. Waste management has been a problem in Nigeria and so many developing nations. Most organic pollutant and pollute our underground waters. In this research, three wells were reported polluted in the compound of Adedoyin school of preliminary studies, this research was carried out to know if pollution was as a result of a dump site found inside the compound. Well B was more closer to the dump site, followed by Well C and Well A. The parameters analysed are: Turbidity, PH, electrical conductivity, Nitrate, sulphate, iron, calcium, chloride, coliform, total solids, magnesium, E-coli and Total dissolve solids. The results showed that the wells were actually polluted but most of the parameters fell within the permissible and desirable limit of WHO & NSDWQ. Coliform test exceeded the limits in all the three wells sampled with maximum value of 300per 100ml, 110per 100ml and 130 per 100ml for well A, B, C respectively. Well B showed a greater degree of pollutants within the days of sampling. Mathematical model performed showed that Well B also gave a better R value for most of the parameters..


Neurosurgery describes the surgical treatment and management of various disease processes that target the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The specialty is wide and varied as increasing numbers of neurological conditions can now be improved following neurosurgery; for example, some types of epilepsy respond to the insertion of a vagal nerve stimulator, Parkinson's disease symptoms can be diminished with a deep brain stimulator, and intractable back pain may be improved following spinal surgery. Practitioners must be equipped with the knowledge and skills to care for these patients and meet their immediate and long-term needs.


Economic crisis in Asia, especially Indonesia in mid-1997 is believed to be due to weak implementation of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in the corporation. Principles of Good Corporate Governace (GCG) has the purpose or benefit to help the economic recovery to countries previously hit by the crisis. One of the principles in the GCG that gave birth to the idea of Corporate Social Responsibility Responsibility (CSR) as a form of corporate social responsibility and the environment. The idea of CSR, corporate responsibility must rest on the triple bottom line (profit, people, planet). It is closely related to sustainable development (sustainable development), that the company is not only concerned with corporate profits but also social development, and environmental protection. The method used in this study is the juridical normative. This study will examine the law on the legal system which aims to discover the rules of law that aims to provide an explanation for the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an application of the Principles of Good Corporate Governance (GCG). Data sources used were secondary data included the primary legal materials, legal materials secondary, tertiary and legal materials. Problems discussed in this research is about applying the principles of good corporate governance in Law Number 40 Year 2007 regarding Limited Liability Company (Company Law), the concept of CSR as a form of good corporate governance principles in Law Number 40 Year 2007 regarding Limited Liability Company, and the principles of sustainable development underlying concept of CSR at the international level, and Law Number 32 Year 2009 on the Protection and Environmental Management. Based on the results showed that on the basis of the principle of good corporate governance, then there is no decision of the Minister of State Enterprises. KEP-23/M.PM.BUMN/2000 who affirm that the GCG is the principle of healthy companies that need to be applied in the management of the company, which later 5 College Student of Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, North Sumatera University 6 Lecturer of Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, North Sumatera University 7 Lecturer of Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, North Sumatera University 8 Lecturer of Magister of Law, Faculty of Law, North Sumatera University Universitas Sumatera Utara this GCG principles set out in the Company Law. The application of the principle of good corporate governance in the concept of CSR is that corporations have a responsibility towards the social and environmental obligations, as outlined in section 74 Company Law. CSR at the international level as well as regulated in Law Number 32 Year 2009 on the Protection and Environmental Management based on the principles of sustainable development aims to strengthen the company's ability to integrate the economic dimension, ecological, and social. Application of the principle of good corporate governance is one of Responsibility in the CSR as provided in section 74 Company Law should set more specific in government regulation of legal certainty in order to avoid conflicts of interest between the company and stakeholders. And the need for mutually supportive interaction between governments, businesses and communities to sustainable development (sustainable development) can be realized.


The issues in computational modeling of music have risen to the forefront due to the massive, and rapidly growing, amount of music that is now available in digital format. Propelled by the industry's demand for content-based music indexing, for retrieval and recommendation systems, and for techniques to manipulate and create music for mobile phones, games, and other applications, and fueled by academia's more established musicological and pedagogical interests, the need for new algorithms and models to better understand, create, and evaluate music has never been greater. This increase in music and computing research is evidenced from the proliferation of new conferences in this area, such as the International Conference on Music Information Retrieval (founded 2000), the Computer Music Modeling and Retrieval Conference (founded 2003), and the Sound and Music Computing Conference (founded 2004), to name a few. The operations research community is not far behind in this respect; I have organized several sessions on music at recent INFORMS conferences. In 2003, the INFORMS Annual Meeting in Atlanta featured a special cluster of three invited sessions devoted to OR in the Arts: Applications in Music; the 9th INFORMS Computing Society conference in Annapolis, MD in 2005 showcased two invited sessions entitled Music, Computation and Artificial Intelligence. One might ask: What has OR got to do with music and computing? The definitions of OR range from the textbook coverage of techniques such as mathematical (including linear, nonlinear, integer, mixedinteger, dynamic) programming and stochastic methods (including Markov modeling and queuing theory) to Richard Larson's "common-sense approach to problems" with the value added of OR being "the correct framing and formulation of the problem" (OR/MS Today, December 2004). Regardless of the choice of definition, OR is very much part of computation in music today. For example, music-to-score alignment can be modeled and solved using dynamic programming, and the problem of separating voices in polyphonic music can be framed as an optimization problem to be solved using local search techniques. Together with the cluster's three distinguished associate editors, Roger Dannenberg, Joel Sokol, and Mark Steedman, I am pleased to present to you a selection of five papers on a range of topics in this special cluster on computation in music. The first three articles focus on music description and analysis, followed by papers on music improvisation and evaluation of retrieval systems. The article by Darrell Conklin and Christina Anagnostopoulou proposes a viewpoints method for knowledge representation of segmented melodies that allows for melodic analysis at different levels of abstraction. The proposed method can serve as a tool for stylistic analysis, synthesis, and classification. The authors demonstrate that the viewpoints method facilitates the discovery of recurrent patterns in large collections. The article by Emilia Gomez focuses on tonal description of polyphonic audio. Tonal features can be used in similarity assessment and to index digital collections. The author proposes a method for extracting a tonal descriptor, a vector called a harmonic pitch class profile, from polyphonic audio signals, and applies the proposed description to audio key finding. The article by Elaine Chew describes the spiral array model for tonality and gives an overview of algorithms for key finding, pitch spelling, and tonal segmentation based on this model. The paper introduces the Argus algorithm, a linear-time method, for automatic segmentation by tonal context. These algorithms provide a set of tools for describing the tonal patterns of music encoded in numeric form. In the next article, Judy Franklin summarizes the state of the art in the use of recurrent neural networks for generating music and presents a recurrent neural network that can learn both longand short-term structures in music. The proposed network is applied to jazz improvisation to generate new melodies from the original, given an alternate sequence of chords.


Embodiment, in a wireless communication system is directed to switching between group communication session server arbitrating the access terminal (AT). AT, upon receiving the announce message announcing a second group communication session, participating in the first group communication session, acquire the priority levels for the first and / or second group communication session , based on the priority level, determining whether to switch between sessions. In another embodiment, AT, upon receiving the alert associated with the group communication session, participating in a given processing task. As force to cut the predetermined processing tasks in a given access terminal, if the alert is configured particular, AT, regardless of whether applied after the announcement has been group communication session, AT is given to cut the processing task. .FIELD 6


This paper is on the dynamic analysis and simulation of the roller chain drive systems, which are widely used in various high-speed, heavy-load and power transmission application. Presently, most studies were only focused on the analysis of the chain tight span, not the whole system. In this paper, a mathematical model is developed to calculate the dynamic response of the whole roller chain drive working with RecurDyn software. It presents the generalized recursion theory of the chain links in the model, with the initial condition and various tension. In this simulation model, the dynamics of any roller chain drive with two sprockets and two spans can be analyzed by the procedure. Finally, it provides velocity curves, displacement diagrams, accelerating curves and dynamic tension curves. This study provides an effective way for the dynamic analysis of all the chain drive system. Introduction The chain drive systems possess the merit of gear and belt wheel transmissioncan, which can be widely found in conveying applications as an effective way of transmitting power[1]. In practice, the major problems of roller chain drives are the vibration and noise. The variation carries change of the tension in the links moving from the tight (slack) side to the slack (tight) side, which will affect the frequency and amplitude of the chain[2]. Thus, many studies on dynamics of the roller chain drive systems are carried out. In the last two decades, the research concerning chains is substantial, while the dynamic analysis and simulation of a chain drive system is always a complex issue. Recently, researchers have turned to kinetic analytical methods as a means for chain-sprocket interaction and chain drive[3]. C-K Chen and F.Freudenstein attempted to predict a more exact kinematics of roller chain drives as a four-bar linkage[4]. With the RecurDyn software, the tank entity model in CGF was developed, satisfying the storage of physical data with high efficiency and the requirement of fast running performance[5]. Additionally, a detailed experimental study on dynamics of roller chain drives were performed, which showed the vibration response of the chain under different motion characteristic was measured and compared[6]. Besides, finite element techniques and numerical simulation software were used for predicting the meshing noise due to the impact of chain rollers against the sprockets of chain drives[7]. Presently, the development of computers has made it easy to numerically solve some of equations given by the chain drives' complicated mechanisms. This analysis concerns the numerical simulation of a roller chain for the dynamic response based on RecurDyn software, which can roughly be divided into two different areas. It presented a numerical model and the nonlinear equations from using the generalized recursion theory. On the other hand, it carried numerical simulation for the theoretical results by RecurDyn software. Through the analysis of the dynamic characteristics such as the geometric locus, the velocity and acceleration curve and the force, over all the dynamics of a roller chain system can be obtained. The objective of this paper proves to be a novel way to the wear and tear of a chain drive system. Journal of applied science and engineering innovation Vol.1 No.1 2014 ISSN (Print): 2331-9062 ISSN (Online): 2331-9070 72 Theoretical Analysis Generalized Recursion Theory. Itemized deduction recursive algorithm makes the results and computing more complicated, which can be avoided by turning the motion equations into the compact matrix [8]. The generalized recursion theory is to analyze the algorithm structure of spatial constraint equation of motion, and classify the calculating operation at the same recursive fashion. Fig.1 kinematic diagram between two adjacent parts There is a pair of adjacent elements, in where the part(i-1) is the previous one of the part(i), as shown in fig. 1. And, the position of the point Oi can be expressed as follows. s d r i i i i i i ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( r       (1) In A A A i T i i i ) 1 ( ) 1 (    , the rotational velocity of the part(i) in its own WCS can be got. q H A A i i i i T i i i T i i  ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 ( i          (2) where H is resolved by a slewing axis. The derivation of the equation (1) is calculated as follows. q d A d A s A r A r A i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i q i i    ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( 1 ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 1 ( i ) ~ ( ~ ~ ) 1 ( ) 1 (              


Amphilphilic tetraphenylporphin derivatives having four dialkylglycerophosphocholine groups on the ring plane (lipid-porphyrins) form spherical unilamellar vesicles of diameter ca. 100 nm in water; the vesicles composed of lipid–porphyrinatoiron(II)–1-dodecylimidazole (DIm), can bind dioxygen reversibly in aqueous medium.


Abstract In two experiments judgments of kinesthetic horizontality were compared following two conditions of exposure to kinesthetic stimulation from a bar tilted at 20°. In the first conditon 5 received visual information transformed by a prism system such that at a physical tilt of 20° the bar appeared horizontal. In the second condition S received false information from a dial reading that the bar was horizontal when it was physically tilted at 20°. The two conditions were found to produce similar aftereffects in post-exposure judgments of kinesthetic horizontality. This was interpreted as showing that the behavioural compensation which arises when S performs some task utilising a transformed sensory channel is mediated by a learning process in which the kinesthetic inputs used to control motor-responses are reclassified in terms of visual information.


Objective:To study the efficacy of intremedullary interlocking nail in the treament of femoral fractures and tibia fratures.Methods:10 cases of femoral fractures and 8 cases of tibia factures were treated with intramedullary interlocking nail with aiming sight made in Wujin City,Jiangsu province.Resultes:The fellow-up ranged 8 to 27 months.All the patients healed up well.There were no fractures,infections,broken nail.Conclusion:The clinical results of use of intramedullary interlocking nail in the treatment of femoral and tibia fractures are excellent.


A policy of selective implantation of drug eluting stents, in a minority of lesions most likely to benefit, seems to be a rational way to employ this new and currently costly technology


PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To prevent the occurrence of resonance of a main gear and resonance of an auxiliary gear independently of each other, in the gear structure of a power transmission system provided with a damper mechanism and an auxiliary gear for eliminating a backlash. SOLUTION: A clutch gear 11 and an auxiliary clutch gear 12 are arranged in juxtaposition between the end wall 13a of a clutch housing 13 and a side plate 20. A power is transmitted between the clutch gear 11 and the end wall 13a through a damper spring or the like. A coned disc spring 56 having a friction function is nipped between the end wall 13a and the clutch gear 11 and the auxiliary gear 12 is displaced in a phase in a peripheral direction from the clutch gear 11 through the force of a spring for erasing a backlash. The side plate 20 locks the clutch gear 11 by means of a step part 36b so that the load of the coned disc spring 56 is prevented from being exerted on the auxiliary gear 12, and a coned disc spring 59 different from the coned disc spring 56 is arranged in a contraction state between the clutch gear 11 and the auxiliary gear 12. COPYRIGHT: (C)2000,JPO


This MSc thesis is about Wireless Sensor Networks and focuses on the problems these
networks face in order to route information efficiently Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are complex systems which consist of a number of
relative simple autonomous sensing devices. These devices are deployed on a
geographical area. The particularity of them lies on the fact that they face serious
limitations concerning their energy reserves and consequently their operational life
as well as regarding their computational, storage and communication capabilities.
WSN's usefulness is mainly about its ability of easy and cheap deployment on an area
of concern, where it monitors a particular phenomenon. Moreover the WSN's nodes take
the initiative to inform certain base stations regarding the status and evolution of
this phenomenon. In this context there is a great volume of work in relation to
sensor node architectures and communication protocols which turn these numbers of
devices to working networks.
Our contribution sums up to the proposal of three novel communication protocols for
WSNs, which attempt to enforce the idea of Fairness in order to better WSN�s
performance and elongate their life. These protocols are highly influenced by PFR
protocol introduced by Chatzigiannakis, Demetriou, Nikoletseas and Spirakis. All the
proposed protocols belong to the network layer of the OSI standard.


This demonstration proposes an edge system that enables sensing and computing capacities to be offloaded from vehicles to the system. We developed a prototype of the proposed system, in which a sensor network using multiple light-detection-and-ranging (LIDAR) units works for sensing and computing, while autonomous vehicles are equipped only with lightweight sensing and computation capabilities. This demon-stration presents the performance of the prototype in terms of movement accuracy to verify the feasibility of the proposed system.


Ada is one of the most used programming languages for the development of software in the critical systems arena. SPARK is a well known subset of Ada, with its own toolset for software verification, that is being increasingly adopted by the industry. Although SPARK has been enjoying industrial (and academic) success, we have found some flaws in its (semi-)formal approach to verification. In this paper we identify some of these flaws and we provide an example of the formal semantics and program logic of SPARK. The example is presented, along with the soundness proof, including the soundness theorem that was adapted to deal with the safety conditions inherent to SPARK.


Abstract Sun Tzu stated that "if you know the enemy and you know yourself, you should not fear the results of a hundred fights." It seems, however, that in the last period of time, this maxim of the famous Chinese general has been forgotten and the results of international relations are marked by many and frequent strategic surprises. The most recent of these, the invasion or special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine comes to show us that the opponent can only be counteracted if you know how he thinks and acts or will act in the future. This article brings into focus the correlation between Russian strategic thinking and the actional reality of the Russian-Ukrainian war. The article also contains new ideas on the real undeclared purpose of the war, namely the control of the critical infrastructures of Russian European interest.


The Australian Asthma Conference held this year in Melbourne, was hosted by the Asthma Foundation of Victoria. The conference attracted over 300 participants from all states and internationally, and was headed by a range of keynote speakers representing national and international leaders in the various aspects of asthma management from prevention through to clinical care. Participants included the full spectrum of health professionals, with a large number of asthma educators represented.


Multitemporal principal components analyses (PCAs) of pre- and post-burn Landsat Thematic Mapper images were used to map fire scars in Madikwe Game Reserve (MGR), South Africa. Prior to MGR's inception in 1991, when the land was used for extensive cattle ranching, overgrazing and fire suppression lead to bush encroachment. Fire is currently being used to control bush encroachment. Bands 3, 4, 5, 7 and a NDVI band from both pre- and post-burn images were included in both the 1994 and 1996 PCAs. Fire scars comprised the fourth principal component (PC4) in both years. Fire intensities were classified via a density slice of the PC4 data within fire scars. In 1994, fires covered 31% of MGR and in 1996, 56%. In both years, fires were more frequent and intense on soils with lower bush densities (and therefore higher grass fuel loads) than on soils with higher bush densities. These fire scar maps are aiding ongoing fire management efforts in MGR.


We prove that a random group, in Gromov's density model with d < 1 / 16 satisfies with overwhelming probability a universal-existential first-order sentence σ (in the language of groups) if and only if σ is true in a nonabelian free group.


Most theoretical analysis of flexible vs. fixed exchange rates take the degree of nominal rigidity to be independent of the exchange rate regime choice itself. But informal policy discussion often suggests that a credible exchange rate peg may increase internal price flexibility. This paper explores the relationship between exchange rate policy and price flexibility, in a model where price flexibility is an endogenous choice of profit-maximizing firms. A fixed exchange rate may increase the optimal degree of price flexibility by increasing the volatility of demand facing firms. We find that a unilateral peg, such as a Currency Board, adopted by a single country, will increase internal price flexibility, perhaps by a large amount. On the other hand, when an exchange rate peg is supported by bilateral participation of all monetary authorities (such as a monetary union), price flexibility is likely to be little affected, and may actually be less than under freely floating exchange rates.


Abstract Specialty elastomers possessing isotactic propylene crystallinity are a novel class of polyolefins made possible by advances in metallocene polymerization. These polymers contain a propylene rich component endowed with isotactic crystallinity, and the balance of the composition is ethylene with other alpha olefins. Typical molecular weight of these elastomers is greater than 100,000. These polymers, when used as modifiers for toughening polypropylene (PP) homopolymers demonstrate improved impact strength to stiffness balance, enhanced low temperature toughness and improved impact to flow balance over conventional ethylene alpha-olefin modifiers. Morphological features of the blends were determined using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The detailed morphological characterization indicates that the isotactic propylene crystallinity species of the elastomers function by localizing themselves at the interface of the polypropylene matrix and the ethylene-alpha...


Eleven large-plot trials were located across nine counties in eastern Arkansas to evaluate the efficacy of select insecticides on the rice stink bug. Lambda-cyhalothrin, zeta-cypermethrin, methyl parathion, and carbaryl achieved initial control. However, only lambda-cyhalothrin and zeta-cypermethrin maintained significantly lower counts of the rice stink bug at 14 days after treatment (DAT). Lambda-cyhalothrin had significantly less percent peck than the untreated check. Zeta-cypermethrin, lambdacyhalothrin, and methyl parathion (0.75 lb ai/acre) achieved statistically greater adjusted crop values than the untreated check.


The academic art, which has long been backward in the West, performs two functions: to inherit traditional culture and to accept the frontier culture. However, there is an uncompromisable contradiction between the heritage of the orthodox culture and the search of personal words. Great efforts are being made in present Chinese academic art to find the fulcrum of balance.


Background—A comprehensive evaluation of the benefits of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on cardiac remodeling is lacking. We aimed to evaluate the impact of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists on changes in cardiac structure and function of left ventricular dysfunction. Methods and Results—Articles were identified by online searches in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases before June 2012, by hand searches of reviews and relevant journals, and by contact with the authors. Qualified articles were restricted to randomized controlled trials. There were, respectively, 12, 4, and 3 qualified trials that randomized 572, 647, and 407 patients to spironolactone, canrenoate, and eplerenone, and 531, 655, and 395 patients to placebo or active treatment, respectively. Overall, under mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment there was improvement in left ventricular ejection fraction (weighted mean difference, 2.97; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.26–3.67; P<0.0005), left ve...


The explosive development of fiber Bragg gratings sparked off a number of studies on the fundamentals of defect formation, as well as on techniques to increase the photosensitivity in fibers.


Let ρ be a borelian probability measure on R having a moment of order 1 and a drift λ = ∫Rydρ(y) < 0. Consider the random walk on R+ starting at x ∈ R+ and defined for any n ∈N by
 \begin{eqnarray*} \left\{\begin{array}{rl} X_0&=x \\ X_{n+1} & = |X_n+Y_{n+1}| \end{array}\right. \end{eqnarray*} where (Yn) is an iid sequence of law ρ. We denote P the Markov operator associated to this random walk and, for any borelian bounded function f on R+, we call Poisson's equation the equation f = g − Pg with unknown function g. In this paper, we prove that under a regularity condition on ρ and f, there is a solution to Poisson's equation converging to 0 at infinity. Then, we use this result to prove the functional central limit theorem and it's almost-sure version.


The present invention discloses a method for electrolysis plant crane configuration, which is the workload required of various crane potroom statistical classification are determined tankhouse day depending on the configuration multifunctional nature of work and the workload the total number of overhead traveling vehicles and ordinary; then potroom divided into two or more regions, each region is further determined the number of general and tending crane. The present invention can save capital investment in equipment modification, will be tending released from the aluminum work, give full play to the role of old equipment to enable enterprises to get the best value for money.


In the late Ptolemaic and Roman Period the funerary function of the mastaba of vizier Meref-nebef was revived. In its area, a densely crowded burial-ground of commoners gradually came into being. The simple burials, found in upper strata (around and above the tomb), with or without coffins and with but humble funerary equipment point to the relatively poor inhabitants of what will have been an agricultural settlement not far away. Stratigraphically, the deepest (level: 9.04) in Pit I, and chronologically probably the earliest, was the burial containing a painted cartonnage (Burial 4). It was found in an anthropomorphic case hewn in the rock of the early court. The cartonnage is dated to the late Ptolemaic Period. Interesting observations could be made on the skeletons. The first part of an anthropological analysis has been prepared by Henryk Rysiewski.


Aspirin is not amenable to aqueous granulation due to hydrolysis while the use of organic solvent as granulating fluids is expensive and hazardous. Aspirin granules are normally formed by slugging which is a double compression process and hence tedious. In the present study, aspirin granules have been formed by melt granulation whereby cheap and melted wax is employed as the granulating agent. The waxes employed were carnuba wax, beeswax and goat fat, each at a concentration range from 1 to 10%w/w. Resulting granules were subjected to flowability test by measuring the angle of repose and then compressed to tablets of diameter 12 mm and thickness 4.45 mm. The tablets were subjected to hardness, disintegration and dissolution rate tests. Carnuba wax generally increased granule flow while beeswax and goat fat decreased granule flow at concentrations > 3%w/w (Beeswax) or > 2%w/w (goat fat).Of the various formulations tested, the most promising results with T (tensile strength) values of resulting tablets = 0.04 ± 0.02 MN/m 2 , friability < 0.02 ± 0.01%, DT (Disintegration time) = 4.77 ± 0.48 minutes and t90 (time for 90% release) = 1 hour. Tablet produced by slugging gave comparable results.


The effects of temperature,time,pressure and dosage of chemical preparation on extraction efficiency of total flavonoids from bamboo leaves by supercritical carbon dioxide were studied in this paper,in which the carbon dioxide flow was maintained at 25L/h.The optimal extraction conditions were obtained by using orthogonal test as follows:extraction temperature 40℃,extraction time 3h,extraction pressure 30MPa and dosage of chemical preparation 4.5mL/g.


The purposes of this study were to develop a CAI program and to evaluate the effectiveness of `Vocation and Career` as a unit in high school technology subject matter. In order to evaluate the effectiveness, two sample classes were selected. One class was the controlled group and was taught by traditional lecturing method. The other class was taught through the CAI program as a experimental group. The pretest-posttest control group design scheme was selected to test the significance in cognitive domain between two different groups. The t-test result showed that there was a significant(0.05 level) difference between two groups. The findings of the study were: 1) The CAI program was effective in the student`s achievement in the domain of knowledge and understanding. 2) The CAI program reduced the variences among the degrees of students` achievement.


Purpose: Several studies have examined the potential role of p16 protein expression as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in various cancers. However, it remains unclear whether p16 protein expression is a prognostic and diagnostic factor for colorectal cancer. Therefore, this meta-analysis is conducted to evaluate the associations of p16 protein expression with overall survival (OS) and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. Methods: According to PRISMA guideline, relevant literatures were identified by searching Medicine, Web of Science, WanFang, and CNKI databases. The pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from included studies to assess the association between p16 protein expression and OS of patients with colorectal cancer. Other relevant data were extracted to evaluate the correlations of p16 protein expression with risk and clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal cancer. Stata 12.0 software was applied to calculate the strength of association between p16 protein expression and colorectal cancer. Results: Forty-one studies were included to evaluate the association between p16 protein expression and colorectal cancer. Nine studies involving 1731 patients with colorectal cancer found that there was no association between p16 protein expression and OS of colorectal cancer in the overall analysis (HR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55–1.10). However, p16 protein overexpression was significantly associated with a better prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer when cut-off value of p16 protein expression was <10% (HR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08–0.66). The results of subgroup analysis based on ethnicity indicated that p16 protein overexpression was a risk factor for the occurrence of colorectal cancer in Caucasians (odds ratio = 28.95, 95% CI: 6.08–137.89), but not in Asians. Furthermore, p16 protein overexpression was significantly associated with the Dukes stage, lymph node metastasis, tumor location, and Tumor Lymph Node Metastasis-stage of colorectal cancer. Conclusions: p16 protein overexpression might be a useful biomarker to predict the clinicopathological progress and prognosis of colorectal cancer.


In this paper, we investigate non-Markovian Nondeterministic Fully Observable Planning Domains (NMFONDs), variants of Nondeterministic Fully Observable Planning Domains (FONDs) where the next state is determined by the full history leading to the current state. In particular, we introduce TFONDs which are NMFONDs where conditions on the history are succinctly and declaratively specified using the linear-time temporal logic on finite traces LTLf and its extension LDLf. We provide algorithms for planning in TFONDs for general LTLf/LDLf goals, and establish tight complexity bounds w.r.t. the domain representation and the goal, separately. We also show that TFONDs are able to capture all NMFONDs in which the dependency on the history is "finite state". Finally, we show that TFONDs also capture Partially Observable Nondeterministic Planning Domains (PONDs), but without referring to unobservable variables.


Effects of RE on the corrosion resistance of aluminum hot dipped parts were studied by adding tiny quantity of rare earth element to the liquid aluminum.It was shown that the corrosion resistance of the treated parts in HCl and NaCl solution could obviously improved,but not obvious in NH 3·H 2O and NaOH solution.The distribution of rare earth element in the coating was analyzed and discussed.


Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics 13-4, 869-888. This paper attempts to analyze the stress patterns of English verbs which involve a variety of morphological and prosodic combinations. First, it claims that, instead of NONFINALITY constraint, the effect of consonant extrametricality in verbs is achieved by the non-moraicity of the word final consonant due to the position-specific weight difference of syllable codas. Second, this study proposes the prosodic subcategorization of verbal affixes and extends it to pseudo-affixes.


Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a newly described high-grade lymphoma and is defined by histopathological and immunologic criteria. We experienced a case of systemically involving Ki-1 positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma in a 44 year-old female which initially manifested as pleural effusion. Abdominopelvic CT scan showed the evidence of marked lymphadenopathy in retroperitoneal and both external and inguinal lymph nodes. On cytologic examination of pleural fluid, tumor cells revealed pleomorphic large isolated cells with prominent nucleoli and abundant cytoplasms. The nuclei were large with irregular profiles including some deep invaginations. Also, occasional multilobed/multinucleated and binucleated nuclei were seen. Immunohistochemical examination was performed to differentiate from the undifferentiated adenocarcinoma, Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and malignant histiocytosis. The neoplastic cells were positive for leukocyte common antigen, CD3, CD30(Ki-1) but negative for cytokeratin, epithelial membrane antigen, and CD15. A histologic diagnosis of Ki-1 positive anaplastic lymphoma was made by biopsies of the inguinal lymph node, polypoid lesions of the stomach and cecum.


【The Navy is in the process of developing a sonar-operation strategy to increase the effectiveness of underwater target searching capability. HMS is the basic strategy to detect underwater targets. The advantages of HMS is that, it has a short preparation time to operate and can be always used regardless of sea conditions and weather. However, it is difficult to effectively detect underwater targets due to the interaction between marine environments and sonar-operations. During the research, the effectiveness of the HMS system's underwater target searching capability was analyzed by integrating various search and defense patterns, and environment conditions into the simulation. In the simulation the ship search an evasive target within a set region. The simulation presented results for an effective searching and defense methods of underwater targets. These research results can be used as foundation for advancing and improving the sonar operational tactics.】


Our economy is in the process of transforming itself from a low-wage, low producti vity regime to a high-wage, high-^productivity regime. The process is well under way_ We are like a man on a flying trapeze, who has let go of one swing and is now sailing through mid-air. He cannot stop now. He must make it to the next swing if he is to recover safely. In the same way, we too have no choice but to press on with our economic restructuring (Straits Times, 27 July 1985, p. 1).


This study explored the racial bias perceptions of study abroad alumni following international learning experiences in East Africa. Ninety-seven participants, who completed a semester-long study abroad between Fall 2016 – Spring 2019, were recruited into the study. Open-ended survey questions evaluated perceptions of racial bias, racial prejudice, and racial identity development. Six themes emerged, following thematic analysis: (1) integration of race-conscious curriculum and experiential learning, (2) mutuality in local relationships, (3) immersive experiences with rural host families, (4) U.S. faculty in the study abroad context, (5) exposure to implications of racism in a field study, and (6) student reflections of racial majority/minority dynamics. Student perceptions of how and why study abroad experiences influenced implicit racial bias, racial colorblindness, critical consciousness, and racial identity development could inform higher education curricula. Implications for future study abroad practice include empowerment of students of color, opportunities for anti-racism learning, and the relevance of race-conscious curricula in study abroad programs.


An 800 nm-SiC powder (75 vol%) was mixed with a 30 nm-SiC powder (25 vol%) in a 0.05-0.3 M-Y(NO3)3 solution containing an Al2O3 powder of median size 0.2 μm at pH 5 to distribute homogeneously the sintering additives (Al2O3+ yttrium ions) around the SiC particles. In a 20 vol% SiC suspension, the network structure of negatively charged SiC particles was formed by the heterocoagulation through the positively charged Al2O3 and yttrium ions. Addition of polyacrylic acid increased the dispersibility of colloidal SiC particles and the amount of yttrium ion fixed to the SiC surfaces owing to the electrostatic interaction among negatively charged polymer, yttrium ions and SiC surfaces. The aqueous suspension of the SiC (800 nm SiC 75%-30 nm SiC 25%)-Al2O3 (1.2 vol%)-Y3+ ions (1.2-3.2 vol% Y2O3) system was consolidated by casting in a gypsum mold and formed green compacts of 36-38% theoretical density. These SiC compacts were hot-pressed to relative density 96.8-100% at 1950°C in an Ar atmosphere. The addition of 30 nm-SiC to 800 nm-SiC decreased the grain size and flaw size of the hot-pressed SiC and improved the flexural strength and fracture toughness. The dense SiC with 2.0 μm of average grain size, prepared from the mixed powder system, showed the following excellent mechanical properties: average four-point flexural strength of 812 MPa, fracture toughness of 6.0 MPa•m1/2 and Vickers hardness of 18-20 GPa.


This paper presents a new method with considering the probabilistic characteristics of harmonic current sources for single-tuned harmonic filter planning in the power system. The filter planning problem is formulated as an unconstrained optimization problem. The objective is to minimize the voltage distortion throughout the system while determining the optimal filter locations and sizes. The usefulness of the proposed approach is test by an actual distribution system. Results show that the proposed method is robust and computationally efficient.


Abstract This article aims to analyze the practice of the theater games by Viola Spolin (1906-1994) in her construction of the symbolic form and as a driver of meaningful experience (Dewey 1859-1952). The definition of symbolic form will be based on the writings of the philosopher Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945) and the philosopher and educator Susana Langer (1895-1985). For these thinkers, the symbolic is presented as a fundamental element of knowledge and structuring of human culture in myth, religion, language, history, and art. The central problem of this research is based on theater-educational studies experienced by the authors, taking the practices of the theater games as a way of expanding knowledge for an integration of the being, as a cultural, social, and symbolic form being, in the construction of practices of significant acts in the world. Thus, the methodology used is the bibliographic review of the fundamental concepts of theater games in correlation with the construction of symbolic knowledge. We aim to understand art in the production of the symbolic context so that we can base the embodiment as a symbol. Such studies aim to promote the consummate experience of game practitioners in the theater-educational context, supported by the principle that the aesthetic experience played will enable the expansion of the player's experience so that they can re-signify their world, building autonomy and knowledge of/in the aesthetic experience in a constant process of living and learning, forged in the webs of culture.


Drones are becoming increasingly popular in the commercial market for various package delivery services. In this scenario, the mostly adopted drones are quad-rotors (i.e., quadcopters). The energy consumed by a drone may become an issue, since it may affect (i) the delivery deadline (quality of service), (ii) the number of packages that can be delivered (throughput) and (iii) the battery lifetime (number of recharging cycles). It is thus fundamental try to find the proper compromise between the energy used to complete the delivery and the speed at which the quadcopter flies to reach the destination. In order to achieve this, we have to consider that the energy required by the drone for completing a given delivery task does not exactly correspond to the energy requested to the battery, since the latter is a non-ideal power supply that is able to deliver power with different efficiencies depending on its state of charge. In this paper, we demonstrate that the proposed battery-aware delivery scheduling algorithm carries more packages than the traditional delivery model with the same battery capacity. Moreover, the battery-aware delivery model is 17% more accurate than the traditional delivery model for the same delivery scheme, which prevents the unexpected drone landing.


The normative branch of economics-welfare economics-recognizes that public policy should interfere with the operation of the market mechanism, but only with the aim of making it more efficient. In this sense, then, welfare economics is concerned primarily with economic welfare rather than with social welfare at large. It operates on the underlying norm of market efficiency in the narrow sense. Economists have generally been more than reluctant to make pronouncements on the goals or objectives of any policy aimed mainly at redistribution of income. This was held to be the legitimate field of the politician, or of other branches of the social sciences, and not a proper subject for economic science.


Whether application of legislative language or that of judicial language should be of logic.Legal language used in sentences should abide by the principles of logical norms.This paper states the principles of logical norms of legal language used in sentences from the three aspects.


An interconnect structure and a method of forming an interconnect structure are disclosed. The interconnect structure includes a low-k (LK) dielectric layer over a substrate; a first conductive feature and a second conductive feature in the LK dielectric layer; a first spacer along a first sidewall of the first conductive feature; a second spacer along a second sidewall of the second conductive feature, wherein the second sidewall of the second conductive feature faces the first sidewall of the first conductive feature; an air gap between the first spacer and the second spacer; and a third conductive feature over the first conductive feature, wherein the third conductive feature is connected to the first conductive feature.


To study on morphological characteristics of Ulva linza from floating green algae, we selected specimens with the typical features of U.linza.Only 4 specimens from 25 samples were determined as U.linza from the morphological characteristics results.The molecular biology research by means of nuclear-encoded ITS sequences analysis was also carried out.Fifteen floating specimens with characters of U.linza clustered into the LPP(U. linza-procera-prolifera) complex group including the attached species DF05 from Jiangsu Province,QD03 from Shandong Province and XS01,XS02 from Zhejiang Province.The floating green algae from Rudong inland river and coastal pool of Sheyang were included in LPP complex as well.U.flexuosa group included two specimens that just were fixation growth algae from Fujian Province.U.compressa group had four specimens,and they all were floating green algae.A great disparity existed between the morphological characteristics and the molecular results.Identification of U.linza and other floating green algae based on either morphology or ITS sequence unilaterally was not reliable.Almost all of floating green algae from the same location had certain morphological types,and they were considered to be different species by the ITS sequences analysis.The result of N-J tree and ITS data showed that the species in LPP complex and U.compressa existed in the green tide.But U.flexuosa did not exist in the floating green algae in this research.


A literature survey on C-methylation of organic substrates with methane as a methylating
agent is analyzed. Of the substrates that undergo C-methylation are benzene, naphthalenes, toluene,
alkanes, alkenes, acetonitrile, and other functionalized organic compounds. None of these methylation
reactions occur in the absence of a catalyst. A direct introduction of a methyl group on the carbon
sites of a molecule is concomitant with the formation of other products, as a result of either a
possible rearrangement or a further reaction with methane. Mechanistically, the C-methylation with
methane proceeds oxidatively. The products selectivities depend on several factors, mainly on the acid/
base character of the solid catalyst.


The inhibition of aldose reductase (AR) has been shown to prevent the progression of the many complications associated with diabetic hyperglycemia. Several compounds purified from various plant sources have exhibited potent inhibition against AR. In this study, the inhibitory effects of the methanol extracts of the flowers of Synurus excelsus and Weigela subsessilis on AR were determined in vitro. Scopolin and scopoletin are coumarins isolated from the flowers of S. excelsus and W. subsessilis; and quercetin is a known AR inhibitor present in many flowers. To determine and quantify their presence in both plants, HPLC-UV analysis of all three compounds was performed. S. excelsus and W. subsessilis showed potent inhibition against AR having IC50 values of 0.17 and 0.14 μg/mL, respectively. The concentration of scopolin in S. excelsus and W. subsessilis were 34.71 and 174.14 mg/g extract, respectively. Scopoletin was detected in S. excelsus at 3.41 mg/g extract, whereas quercetin was not detected in both plants. This study shows that S. excelsus and W. subsessilis exhibited promising AR inhibitory effects and are both sources of coumarins.


A new medium containing sodium tripolyphosphate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt, dihydrate, sodium desoxycholate, supplemented with minerals and nutrient sources was developed, which was very effective in inhibiting swarming of Bacillus spp. This medium polyphosphate‐EDTA‐desoxycholate agar (PEDA) was compared with tryptone glucose extract agar (Oxoid) for determining the total plate count of various semi‐conserved fishery products. While promoting discrete colony formation of Bacillus spp., PEDA provided good bacterial recovery. PEDA is recommended for isolation or enumeration of bacteria in food dominated by swarming Bacillus spp.


Innovative therapeutic strategies in metastatic melanoma depend on molecular features and the combination of BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAFi+MEKi) which has recently shown an improved clinical efficacy in BRAFV600MUT metastatic melanoma patients, is now the standard of care. BRAF and NRAS activating mutations lead to the MAPK pathway deregulation1 and may coexist despite their earlier description as mutually exclusive2 . This event is probably related to the existence of several mutually-exclusive subclones corresponding to a mixture of singly-mutated melanoma cells or may have arisen as shown by in vitro treatment3 . A study of 3399 melanomas highlighted BRAFV600E /RAS mutations co-occurrence in 1.5% of primary tumours and 5.6% of metastatic lesions4 .


Introduction: With worldwide aging, there are many ongoing studies to further identify the risk factors and ways to prevent age-related conditions. The most actively studied areas include frailty in the elderly. Rapid development and increasing use of smartphones have come to play an important role in health industries. Despite the increasing importance of smartphone use for sustaining healthy life, no large study has reported the characteristics of elderly smartphone users. Our hypothesis is that the ownership of a smartphone is inversely associated with frailty because smartphone owners can benefit from various health applications to manage their health, and the use of smartphone itself can be a good cognitive exercise that can help prevent frailty. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the various sociodemographic and medical characteristics of the elderly smartphone users and non-users, and to identify the association between the use of smartphones and frailty. The obtained circumstances and conditions as is frailty. Smartphone non-users in this study were more frail than smartphone users, and exhibited poorer cognitive abilities while maintaining better daily functional abilities and social interaction. Therefore, it is our conclusion that the ownership of a smartphone in older adults represents many background factors that are often linked to frailty in an inverse manner, and a simple question or identification of one ' s type of phone may be used in conjunction with other methods to screen frailty in older adults.


A basic question in the research on consent investigation is to distinguish the consent investigation and compulsory investigation,which is also the core of the principle of consent investigation and the legality of compulsory investigation.On the criterion of consent investigation,Japanese scholars hold different opinions such as theories on physical force,right infringement,comprehensive estimation etc.In American,the regulation of consent investigation defines "consent",which is a necessary supplement to the Japanese theories.The criterion of consent investigation shall be established by taking into account both the subject and object factors.


The purpose of this study was to determine students' perceptions of E-learning based learning in the 2019/2020 even semester lectures. The population of this research is the postgraduate students of PGRI Palembang University with a sample of 81 students taking ICT and Educational Innovation courses. This research is a descriptive study. The research data was taken using a questionnaire about readiness to take E-learning, the benefits of E-learning, constraints on E-learning, and E-learning interactions. Data were analyzed using a percentage of student responses to the questionnaire given. The results showed that seen from the responses of students who agreed to the readiness to take E-learning, it was 78%. Responses to the benefits of E-learning learning 67% who agreed, 68% of the responses to the constraints of E-learning learning agreed. The indicators of interaction between E-learning and learning were responded to by several 62 students, it can be concluded that students' perceptions of E-learning learning are quite good.


Children repeatedly admitted to a Jamaican clinic with gastroenteritis associated with protein-energy-malnutrition (PEM) were treated by oral glucose-electrolyte rehydration. Children were fed other food from the outset if they so requested. The solution was administer by cup and spoon, i.e., small amounts vs. bottle administration, frequently throughout the day and night. A simple solution, very inexpensive, is outlined and includes a 3-finger pinch of salt, a 3-finger pinch of sodium bicarbonate, and 2 teaspoons of potassium chloride dissolved in 100 cu. cm of water. In all, 16 children suffering from sporadic, unspecific diarrhea over a period of 9 months showed marked improvement of the condition within 1-2 days of cup and spoon rehydration.


HPHT diamonds have been studied for several years for their potential in different applications. In previous studies it has been found that the thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves of "as‐grown" HPHT diamonds are non‐reproducible. In this work, we study the afterglow (AG), thermoluminescent (TL), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) response of commercial samples of synthetic HPHT type‐Ib diamond crystals exposed to X‐ray irradiation (0.75 mA, 35 kV) at a dose rate of 0.624 Gy/s, after a high gamma (60Co) dose irradiation of 500 kGy followed by a thermal treatment at 1073 K for 1 h in nitrogen atmosphere. Deconvolution of the TL glow curves shows four peaks, located around 379, 509, 561, and 609 K. The crystals exhibit evident AG recorded for 300 s immediately after X‐ray irradiation, due to the thermal emptying of the traps responsible for the low‐temperature TL peaks (below 400 K). The stimulation of irradiated crystals with 870‐nm light, creates pronounced OSL and destroys all TL peaks with the exception of the high‐temperature peak at 609 K. The dose responses of the integrated AG, TL, and OSL are linear in the range of 0.6–5 Gy and saturated at higher doses. The reproducibility of AG, TL, and OSL measurements is about 5%. The fading in the first hour of storage in dark conditions at RT of TL signal of HPHT diamond is mainly associated to the emptying of the traps responsible for the 379‐K TL peaks.


Objective: To explore the expressions and significances of estrogen receptor( ER) and progesterone receptor( PR) in recurrent uterine leiomyoma. Methods: One hundred patients willing to undergo myomectomy in the hospital were randomly selected,including 50 patients undergoing myomectomy for the first time and 50 patients undergoing myomectomy for the second time. Fasting blood specimens were obtained in the morning before myomectomy; the specimens of uterine leiomyoma and normal cervical smooth muscle adjacent to uterine leiomyoma were abstracted during surgery; radioimmunoassay was used to detect the serum levels of estrogen and progesterone; ELISA was used to detect the contents of ER and PR in serum,uterine leiomyoma and normal cervical smooth muscle adjacent to uterine leiomyoma; immunohistochemical method was used to detect the positive expression intensities of ER and PR in uterine leiomyoma and normal cervical smooth muscle adjacent to uterine leiomyoma of patients undergoing myomectomy for the first time,uterine leiomyoma and normal cervical smooth muscle adjacent to uterine leiomyoma of patients undergoing myomectomy for the second time. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the serum levels of estrogen and progesterone between uterine leiomyoma of patients undergoing myomectomy for the first time and uterine leiomyoma of patients undergoing myomectomy for the second time( P 0. 05); the contents and positive expression intensities of ER and PR in serum,uterine leiomyoma and normal cervical smooth muscle adjacent to uterine leiomyoma of patients undergoing myomectomy for the second time were statistically significantly higher than those of patients undergoing myomectomy for the first time( P 0. 01); the contents and positive expression intensities of ER and PR in all the patients increased from normal cervical smooth muscle adjacent to uterine leiomyoma to uterine leiomyoma,there were statistically significant differences( P 0. 05). Conclusion: Up-regulations of ER and PR in uterine leiomyoma and normal cervical smooth muscle adjacent to uterine leiomyoma of patients undergoing myomectomy for the second time may be induced by high hormone status because of local estrogen integrated to progesterone,it is speculated that ER and PR may be related factors of recurrent uterine leiomyoma.


Benzimidazole-resistant strains isolated from anthracnose-affected leaves of Japanese pear were not negatively correlated with cross-resistance to diethofencarb. Based on this, the strains were thought to perhaps be Colletotrichum acutatum, which is inherently insensitive to both benzimidazoles and diethofencarb. However, morphological studies and polymerase chain reaction using primers that specifically amplified the internal transcribed spacer 1 region of ribosomal DNA of C. gloeosporioides and C. acutatum, showed that the strains were intermediately benzimidazole-resistant of C. gloeosporioides. EC50 of benomyl for mycelial growth of the strains was around 15 ppm, an intermediate value between that for sensitive strains and highly resistant strains. The deduced amino acid at codon 200 was altered from phenylalanine (TTC) to tyrosine (TAC), based on sequence analysis for the β-tubulin gene. Control efficacy of benomyl against intermediately benzimidazole-resistant strains was low in inoculation tests.


Surface glacier facies are superficial expressions of a glacier that are distinguishable based on differing spectral and structural characteristics according to their age and inter-mixed impurities. Increasing bodies of literature suggest that the varying properties of surface glacier facies differentially influence the melt of the glacier, thus affecting the mass balance. Incorporating these variations into distributed mass balance modelling can improve the perceived accuracy of these models. However, detecting and subsequently mapping these facies with a high degree of accuracy is a necessary precursor to such complex modelling. The variations in the reflectance spectra of various glacier facies permit multiband imagery to exploit band ratios for their effective extraction. However, coarse and medium spatial resolution multispectral imagery can delimit the efficacy of band ratioing by muddling the minor spatial and spectral variations of a glacier. Very high-resolution imagery, on the other hand, creates distortions in the conventionally obtained information extracted through pixel-based classification. Therefore, robust and adaptable methods coupled with higher resolution data products are necessary to effectively map glacier facies. This study endeavours to identify and isolate glacier facies on two unnamed glaciers in the Chandra-Bhaga basin, Himalayas, using an established object-based multi-index protocol. Exploiting the very high resolution offered by WorldView-2 and its eight spectral bands, this study implements customized spectral index ratios via an object-based environment. Pixel-based supervised classification is also performed using three popular classifiers to comparatively gauge the classification accuracies. The object-based multi-index protocol delivered the highest overall accuracy of 86.67%. The Minimum Distance classifier yielded the lowest overall accuracy of 62.50%, whereas, the Mahalanobis Distance and Maximum Likelihood classifiers yielded overall accuracies of 77.50% and 70.84% respectively. The results outline the superiority of the object-based method for extraction of glacier facies. Forthcoming studies must refine the indices and test their applicability in wide ranging scenarios.


In order effectively to list and comment on the results of cytological investigations inAster in a companion paper, a scheme of infrageneric classification is presented which utilizes the basic chromosome number as a pivotal diagnostic character. Reasons are stated as to why, with the exception ofUnamia Greene which is transferred toSolidago, and the commonly recognized generaLeucelene Greene,Machaeranthera Nees andXylorhiza Nutt., none of the segregate genera previously proposed or recorded in the literature is upheld. Instead, these taxa are being given subgeneric or sectional rank. Two additional subgenera are established to accommodate the species groups traditionally placed in "Aster proper," which are characterized by having basic chromosome numbers ofx = 5 andx = 8, respectively. Altogether ten subgenera of the genusAster, five of them subdivided further into a total of 24 sections, are recognized as having representative species in the New World. All basionyms and type species are listed, and a number of new combinations and status changes are validated in accordance with the International Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. Where known (from literature and personal research), chromosome numbers are recorded for the species.


Composite-rod-pinch loads on Asterix consisting of hollow aluminum tubes supporting either 1-cm-long, 1-mm-diam blunt-end or tapered gold slugs, or 1.5- to 2-mm-diam gold spheres are characterized. Composite-slug loads have slightly-lower doses than the 1.6- or 2-mm-diam standard rod pinches reported elsewhere and smaller spot sizes, leading to higher measured radiography figures-of-merit (FOM). The FOM for the gold-sphere loads is substantially-smaller than for the slug loads.


In this work, a failure criterion applicable to large strain elastic-plastic Finite Element Analysis (EP FEA) results was proposed in order to predict the burst pressure of wall-thinned straight pipes. The key finding was that, though the pipe material was strain-hardening material, and though the pipe was locally wall-thinned, the outer surface radial displacement at the flaw center obtained from the EP FEA tended to diverge with the increase in pressure, even though the strain was very low compared to the true strain of fracture. This tendency was validated by the image processing displacement measurement results from the systematic burst tests of wall-thinned pipes. By comparing the EP-FEA results with the test results, the proposed criterion predicted the burst pressure within a maximum 10% difference. Advantage of the criterion is that it uses the true stress and strain relationship below the true tensile strength, and the ambiguous near fracture relationship is not necessary.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


Business and Economic Research (BER) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from September 1, 2020, to December 1, 2020. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether BER publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Publishing appreciates the following reviewers' rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period.Ahmed ZouhairAlina IaniogloBratu (Simionescu) MihaelaCezarina Adina TofanElena GurguFayez Bassam Shriedeh Gita SugiyartiHengky Sumisto HalimMouhamadou T SowNuno DominguesRoderikus Agus TrihatmokoRoni Bhowmik Sameera M. FernandoShyamkumar D. KalpandeYu HsingZdenek DytrtZi-Yi GuoZoran Wittine


This paper explores the practice and trends of offshore outsourcing of systems development in two countries; namely, Finland and India. In particular, it deliberates upon the driving forces and obstacles of the offshore outsourcing. The viewpoints of the participating companies were researched using a multiple case study method. The findings indicate that the imperative for engaging in offshore outsourcing systems development and the obstacles encountered do not depart from similar findings in information systems (IS) literature. However, a novel finding of this present study is the use of a software house (broker) on the Finnish side that acts a buffer for other local firms with little or no experience in offshore outsourcing. On the other hand, the Indian software house in this study engages in offshore systems development with their Finnish counterparts for reasons espoused in IS literature. Furthermore, the role of trust, the nature of the project outsourced and the importance of selecting the right partners are considered vital to the success of the arrangement. The implication of the study is that it enhances our knowledge of cross-cultural outsourcing in systems development, which may be useful to practitioners and academics alike.


Submitted for the DFD10 Meeting of The American Physical Society Surface Energy Characterization of Superhydrophobic Surfaces under Varying Ambient Temperatures ARNAV CHHABRA, RAVITEJ KANAPURAM, TAE JIN KIM, CARLOS HIDROVO, University of Texas at Austin — A Cassie state is a state where a liquid droplet sits on top of a rough surface while maintaining a gas layer under the liquid interface. This state decreases the solid surface energy, and the contact angle is consequently increased. The contact angle of liquid droplets formed under the Cassie state is a function of the surface roughness and surface energies, dependent primarily on temperature, involved. We studied the surface energy variation of polymeric surfaces under different ambient temperatures, including surfaces that induce Cassie state. A highly rough PDMS (poly-dimethylsiloxane) pillar arrayed surface was used as the substrate. To study these properties, we employed Zisman plots for a number of liquids at different temperatures. A Zisman plot displays variation in contact angles of droplets with different surface energies, thus allowing us to determine the surface energies involved. Such experiments required a methodology that calculated each surface property independently and the subsequent use of image decomposition analyses. We computed the contact angle using similar analyses. These two parameters allowed for the successful construction of the Zisman plot. Arnav Chhabra University of Texas at Austin Date submitted: 06 Aug 2010 Electronic form version 1.4


In this work it is analyzed the performance of an iron waste material as oxygen carrier for a chemical-looping combustion (CLC) system. CLC is a novel combustion technology with the benefit of inherent CO2 separation that can be used as a source of energy for the methane steam reforming process (SR). The tail gas from the PSA unit is used as fuel in the CLC system. The oxygen carrier behaviour with respect to gas combustion was evaluated in a continuous 500 Wth CLC prototype using a simulated PSA off-gas stream as fuel. Methane or syngas as fuel were also studied for comparison purposes. The oxygen *Manuscript text (double-spaced) Click here to view linked References


Based on the probability density evolution method and the elastoplastic damage constitutive model for concrete,this study has attempted to carry out a stochastic simulation of the damage evolution processes in a new short-pier shear wall specimen with twin coupling beams.In virtue of the generalized probability density evolution equation,a series of lateral load,tensile damage and shear damage stochastic processes have been constructed to summarized the characteristics of their means,standard deviations as well as coefficients of variation respectively;By means of comparing the results from different combinations of random parameters with the mean response,considerable differences have been disclosed between the lateral load-displacement curves and the tensile damage and shear damage evolution processes;In light of the probability density functions of lateral load,tensile damage and shear damage curves together with the contours of equal probability at the ultimate state,this study has not only explained the diversity and complexity of the damage evolution processes, but also supplied a possible approach to understand the essence of nonlinear problems.


(The Editors are pleased to be able to publish the following paper by Mr Geoffrey Caston, which is a case‐study of direct relevance to the major policy issues raised in the cluster of articles which precede it.)


This is a review of a publication by Singapore International Mediation Institute (SIMI) featuring the top ten entries of its inaugural essay writing competition. The author comments on the essays covering a range of topics in the mediation field including the impact of Singapore culture on the practice of mediation; mediation theories and techniques; and the interface between mediation and the law.


A ring-connected circuit module assembly wherein signals are regenerated at each circuit module is pro vided in a single row of parallel circuit modules. The assembly provides short interconnection lengths and facilitates access and servicing of the circuit modules. Circuit modules of a first set alternate in the assembly with circuit modules of a second set. Adjacent circuit modules in the first set are interconnected, adjacent circuit modules in the second set are interconnected and a circuit module of the first set is interconnected with the adjacent module of the second set at each end of the row to form a ring-connection of the circuit modules. The maximum interconnection length is twice the dis tance between adjacent circuit modules.


CAE numerically estimates the performance of automobiles and proposes alternative ideas that lead to higher performance. However, most automotive designers cannot directly utilize CAE since specific well-trained engineers are required to achieve sophisticated operations. Moreover, CAE requires a huge amount of time and many modelers to construct an analysis model. In this paper, we propose a new CAE concept, First Order Analysis (FOA), in order to overcome these problems and to quickly obtain optimal designs. The basic ideas include (1) graphic interfaces using Microsoft/Excel, (2) use of sophisticated formulations based on the theory of mechanics of material, and (3) the topology optimization method. Further more, some software prototypes are presented to confirm the FOA method. Moreover, the cross-section generation tool is added to easily create the FOA model from FEM data and to easily evaluate the yielding state. Also a trial study of interaction between FOA and CAE is performed.


With the advent of Information Technology (IT), there is a change happening in universities around the world. New information t echnologies are increasingly being integrated into the educational process to support pedagogy and learning. Teaching methods that use only the traditional lecture approach to teaching are increasingly seen as unsatisfactory. Good teaching has been identified by Chi ckering and Gamson (1987) as having seven attributes. This paper proposes that IT in teaching can involve all seven attributes of good practice. First, it provides liter ature support for IT use to achieve each of the attributes. Based on interviews carried out at City University of Hong Kong, recomme ndations are made for specific pedagogical support in order to support faculty better in the use of innovative technology.


In this thesis, the Expanded Ensemble Density-of-States (EXEDOS) method a combination of the Wang-Landau and Expanded Ensemble Monte Carlo algorithms is employed to investigate spatial conformations of a polymer chain under spherical confinement. The study focuses on flexible chains up to 600 monomers and semi-flexible chains with various stiffnesses up to 300 monomers in length. Spatial conformations of the polymer are studied, using a simple pearl-necklace chain model of varied diameter and stiffness, as well as the model of fused-sphere chain. To test the applicability of the EXEDOS method, the confinement free energy was calculated for ideal and non-ideal flexible chains inside spheres of sizes smaller than their unconfined size. For ideal chains, the power-law dependence of the free energy on a confining radius is in excellent agreement with previous theoretical predictions. For self-avoiding chains at intermediate concentrations, the dependence of free energy on concentration deviates from that predicted by the blob scaling theory, most likely due to the finite size effects. At high concentrations, a stronger dependence of free energy on concentration is observed, compared to that obtained at intermediate concentrations. The density profile of a self-avoiding flexible chain was also studied, showing that at sufficiently high concentrations, excluded volume interactions push the chain close to the confining surface, leading to an oscillation in monomer number density near the surface. In semi-flexible chains, bending energy experiences largest changes at low densities as the polymer folds to conform the confining sphere, and at high density its growth slows down as the chain starts forming ordered layer near the surface. We observe isotropic-nematic (I-N) transition for all considered polymer chains. The I-N transition of more flexible chains happens at higher densities than that of stiff chains. All chains form disordered to imperfect helicoildal structures, and at densities above the I-N transition, the structure with four +1/2 defects is observed in all considered chains. However, the polymer spatial arrangement is far from an ideal tetrahedral and tennis ball structure. The EXEDOS algorithm is further extended to investigate the effects of steric hindrance on the structure in a semi-flexible chain, spherically confined at various concentrations. Semi-flexible chains modeled as pearl-necklace chains with ratio of diameter to bond length d/a 6 0.5 did not develop ordered structures at any


This paper considers the Bayesian point estimation of the scale parameter for a two-parameter gamma life-testl,g model In presence of several outller observations in the data. The Bayesian analysis is carried out under the assumption of squared error loss function and fixed or random shape parameter.


The new working process and the technological improvements demand an engineer with new qualifications. The academic background and the professional capability are not restricted to the conventional academic course, but they require a permanent education integrated to working practice.


PURPOSE: A water purifier for an aquarium is provided to cleanly purify polluted water in aquarium in a simple method. CONSTITUTION: A water purifier for an aquarium comprises: a plurality of purifying pipes(11,12,13,14) which are formed in a pipe shape and through which liquid passes; a housing(2) in which a plurality of purifying pipes are connected to each other; a water inlet tube(6) which is combined with a first purifying pipe among a plurality of purifying pipes and in which water flows; and a water exhaust pipe(7) which is combined with the last purifying pipe and discharges water.


In this paper, we proposed a progressive time varying source channel coding system for transmitting image over wireless channels. Transmission of compressed image data over noisy channel is an important problem and has been investigated in a variety of scenarios. the core results obtained by a systematic method of instantaneous rate allocation between the progressive source coder and progressive channel coder .It is developed by closed form of expression for end-to-end distortion , rate allocation respectively in static channels. It is extended the static result to an algorithm for fading channels. It is introduced set DCT (blocks) approach is adapted to perform sub band decomposition followed by SPIHT (Set partitioning in Hierarchical tree)


Abstract : Oceanographic obs rvation in the sou h rn Beaufort Sea of the Arctic Ocean were conducted at Fletcher's Ice Island (T-3) between June 1959 and September 1960. An lysis of data on temperature, salinity, and chemical elements revealed five major water masses in his region: Arctic Surface Water, Upper Intermediate Water, Atlantic Water, Low Intermediate Water, and Deep Shelf Water. Intrusion of relatively warm Pacific Water along the 25.5 - 26.0 isopycnal surface at about 75 m was characteristic. The temperature structure of the deep water in the Beaufort Basin showed that there is a relatively warm water mass at depths below 880 m (Lo r Intermediate Water), which is warmer than bottom waters in the Atlantic Water occurring between he upper and lower 0 C isotherms (250 m and 880 m respectively) is characterized by positive temperatures, having a maximum of 0.45 C at about 450 m. Deep Shelf Water is found at 15 m to 40 m on the very shallow continental shelf, being characterized by relatively low temperatures and abundance of silicon. E SONAL CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE AND OTHER OCEANOGRAPHIC ELEMENTS IN THE SURFACE LAYER ARE DESCRIBED IN CONNECTION WITH SUMMER HEATING AND WINTER ICE FORMATION. (Au hor)


Occupational therapists are leaving the comforts of home and long-term
nursing facilities or hospitals and going back to school. Many are pursuing
advanced education, with almost 34 percent receiving master's degrees in
2000  double the number in 1997.


The Euro Health Consumer Index (EHCI) 2014 is the eighth study made by Health Consumer Powerhouse Ltd. (HCP) on healthcare systems in 36 European countries. Since 2006 this comparison of key values in healthcare, taking the patient and consumer point of view, has improved the understanding of European healthcare, empowered patients and helped addressing weaknesses. EHCI, and a wide range of disease-specific studies produced by HCP set standards for what could and should be achieved by modern, well-serving healthcare.

In spite of financial crisis, European healthcare keeps improving – but the equity gap widens.

P.89
5.3 Smoking prevention
5.4 Alcohol consumption


We analyse applications presented to the European Court of Human Rights raising the issue of insufficient actions of States to fight climate change. First, we discuss the relevant national cases that expose three different approaches towards climate change justice cases, i.e. the cases from the Netherlands, Norway, and Germany. Second, considering the European Court of Human Rights criteria on inadmissibility and substance, we assess major issues related to the presented applications and their success.