. In two mountain ecosystems at the Alptal research site in central Switzerland, pulses of 15 NO 3 and 15 NH 4 were separately applied to trace deposited inorganic N. One forested and one litter meadow catchment, each approximately 1600 m 2 , were delimited by trenches in the Gleysols. K 15 NO 3 was applied weekly or fortnightly over one year with a backpack sprayer, thus labelling the atmospheric nitrate deposition. After the sampling and a one-year break, 15 NH 4 Cl was applied as a second one-year pulse, followed by a second sampling campaign. Trees (needles, branches and bole wood), ground vegetation, litter layer and soil (LF, A and B horizon) were sampled at the end of each labelling period. Extractable inorganic N, microbial N, and immobilised soil N were analysed in the LF and A horizons. During the whole labelling period, the runoff water was sampled as well. Most of the added tracer remained in both ecosystems. More NO 3 (cid:1) than NH 4+ tracer was retained, especially in the forest. The highest recovery was in the soil, mainly in the organic horizon, and in the ground vegetation, especially in the mosses. Event- based runoff analyses showed an immediate response of 15 NO 3 (cid:1) in runoff, with sharp 15 N peaks corresponding to discharge peaks. NO 3 (cid:1) leaching showed a clear seasonal pattern, being highest in spring during snowmelt. The high capacity of N retention in these ecosystems leads to the assumption that deposited N accumulates in the soil organic matter, causing a progressive decline of its C:N ratio.


J Stripped Bare builds on Shamdasani's groundbreaking Jung and the Making of Modern Psychology, discussed in this issue of Psychological Perspectives. In this new book, he examines the major biographies of Jung, from Jung's (and Jaffé's, more on this later) Memories, Dreams, Reflections to Deirdre Bair's Jung: A Biography. Shamdasani points out that, from the beginning, Jung himself felt negatively about the prospect of any biography of his life. Likewise, he was opposed to the idea of an autobiography, saying: "I know too many autobiographies and their self-deceptions and expedient lies, and I know too much about the impossibility of self description, to give myself over to an attempt in this respect." As for someone else writing a biography, Jung said, "it is foolish. I am a simple Bourgeois. I seldom travel—I sit here and write or walk down my garden—my life has not been dramatic. . . . No one knows what I am doing and it is not paintable and you cannot take a picture of it" (p. 12, both quotes). Despite Jung's reservations, as early as 1952, Lucy Heyer proposed to write a biography. Jung reluctantly agreed to cooperate with Heyer, though "the idea of a biography gave him a certain discomfort, . . . he certainly would never write an autobiography." As Heyer moved forward with a series of interviews with Jung, he came to feel that she would never be able to write "something that would look like an intelligent biography" (p. 20). When he dropped his support of the project, it came to an end.


The charge transport in a polyspirobifluorene derivative with copolymerized N,N,N',N'-tetraaryldiamino biphenyl (TAD) hole transport units is investigated as a function of the TAD content. For TAD concentrations larger than 5, guest-to-guest transport is observed. It is demonstrated that in this regime the charge carrier density dependent mobility can be described consistently with the extended Gaussian disorder model, with a density of hopping sites which is proportional to the TAD concentration and comparable to the molecular density. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.


Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) demonstrates a myriad of genomic alterations, which could represent targets for therapy, according to the results of a study published in Head & Neck.


Deinococcus radiodurans RecA protein, when bound to DNA, exhibits a DNA-dependent ATPase. In the absence of DNA, the rate of RecA protein-promoted ATP hydrolysis drops 1,000-fold under the physiological concentrations of salt. This DNA-independent activity can be stimulated to levels approximating those observed with DNA by adding high concentrations (approximately 1.6 M) of a wide variety of salts. This effect was characterized by varying salt concentration and comparing the effects of different ion types. The higher concentrations of salt stimulated the ATP hydrolysis by RecA protein in the absence of DNA. At 1.6 M chloride, the observed stimulation showed the following cation trend K


This work is carried out in order to provide a new and effective alternative therapy for the treatment of tinnitus, using a therapy named Enriched Acoustic Environment (EAE). Tinnitus is characteristic by a beep, in most cases is a hearing condition which is present in our constant growing society, due to the
modernization and industrialization of our time. Currently there are few hospitals and clinics in the country which provide solutions for treatment, and sites which make use of known sound therapies. Supported by the Faculty of Engineering of the University of the Americas and the Superior Council of Scientific Research in Madrid this study has been able to conduct a validation of therapies so that in the future it can be taken into account in different Centers of the country.


This work is the result of a concern. How to make a group of undergraduate students overcome their levels of reading comprehension and experience, through the practice of theater, an emancipating process of education? In order to achieve this, the writing and assembly of a play was carried out and the change occurred in the group from its beginnings until the last presentation was observed. The result was the group and individual growth of the students with respect to their vision of the world and of themselves and a change in their critical view of the theater, literature and history of the country. An exercise in critical pedagogy from an approach to action research.


Dark-matter (DM) halos are the scaffolding around which galaxies and clusters are built. They form when the gravitational instability of primordial density fluctuations causes regions which are denser than average to slow their cosmic expansion, recollapse, and virialize. Understanding the equilibrium structure of these halos is thus a prerequisite for understanding galaxy and cluster formation. Numerical N-body simulations of structure formation from Gaussian-random-noise initial conditions in the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) universe find a universal internal structure for halos. Objects as different in size and mass as dwarf spheroidal galaxies and galaxy clusters are predicted to have halos with the same basic structure when properly rescaled, independent of halo mass, of the shape of the power spectrum of primordial density fluctuations, and of the cosmological background parameters. This remarkable universality is a fundamental prediction of the CDM model, but our knowledge is limited to the "empirical" N-body simulation results, with little analytical understanding. We summarize here our attempts to fill this gap, in an effort to derive and give physical insight to the numerical results and extend them beyond the range of numerical simulation: (1) Simulated halos which form from highly simplified initial conditions involving gravitational instability in a cosmological pancake show that many of the universal properties of CDM halos are generic to cosmological gravitational collapse and do not require Gaussian-random-noise density fluctuations or hierarchical clustering. (2) A fluid approximation derived from the Boltzmann equation yields an analytical theory of halo dynamics which can explain many of the N-body results if the complex mass assembly history of individual halos is approximated by continuous spherical infall. The universal mass growth history reported for CDM N-body halos corresponds to a time-varying infall rate which self-consistently determines the shape of the equilibrium halo profile and its evolution without regard for the complicated details of the merger process. (3) The first fully-cosmological, similarity solutions for halo formation in the presence of collisionality provide an analytical theory of the effect of the


We bootstrap a state-of-the-art part-of-speech tagger to tag Italian Twitter data, in the context of the Evalita 2016 PoSTWITA shared task. We show that training the tagger on native Twitter data enriched with little amounts of specifically selected gold data and additional silver-labelled data scraped from Facebook, yields better results than using large amounts of manually annotated data from a mix of genres.


Al2O3/YAG eutectic composite has been developed for a structural material used in ultra high temperature environments more than 1500°C such as in a gas turbine. Creep behavior is one of the important material properties in ultra high temperature materials. In the present study, we propose image-based finite element analysis for estimating the steady state creep behavior of the Al2O3/YAG eutectic composite. In the image-based finite element analysis, micro-structure of the material taken by a SEM is modeled into a finite element mesh using a software for image processing. Then finite element creep analysis is carried out to obtain the steady state creep behavior of the Al2O3/YAG eutectic composite by using steady state creep constitutive equations for both Al2O3 single crystal and YAG single crystal. The results of steady state creep behavior obtained from the image-based finite element analysis are compared with the experimental results. It is found that the steady state creep behavior of the Al2O3/YAG eutectic composite is accurately estimated by the image-based finite element analysis. Furthermore, we examine the effect of volume fractions of the constituents on the steady state creep behavior of the Al2O3/YAG eutectic composite.


Structural batteries are multifunctional composites that combine load-bearing capacity with electro-chemical energy storage capability. The laminated architecture is considered in this paper, whereby restriction is made to a so called half-cell in order to focus on the main characteristics and provide a computational tool for future parameter studies. A thermodynamically consistent modelling approach is exploited for the relevant electro-chemo-mechanical system. We consider effects of lithium insertion in the carbon fibres, leading to insertion strains, while assuming transverse isotropy. Further, stress-assisted ionic transport is accounted for in addition to standard diffusion and migration. The relevant space-variational problems that result from time discretisation are established and evaluated in some detail. The proposed model framework is applied to a generic/idealized material representation to demonstrate its functionality and the importance of accounting for the electro-chemo-mechanical coupling effects. As a proof of concept, the numerical studies reveal that it is vital to account for two-way coupling in order to predict the multifunctional (i.e. combined electro-chemo-mechanical) performance of structural batteries.


Purpose: To investigate the outcome of outlet-type ventricular septal defect (VSD) after surgery in pediatric patients.Methods: A total of 152 children who underwent surgical repairs for outlet-type VSD were enrolled. Clinical features associated with development of congestive heart failure (CHF), aortic valve prolapse (AVP), and aortic regurgitation (AR) were analyzed.Results: CHF was noted in 34 (22.4%) of 152 patients. Patients with CHF had a larger VSD size (p<0.0001), a higher Qp/Qs ratio (p<0.0001), and a higher mean pulmonary pressure (p<0.0001) compared with patients without CHF. AVP was noted in 106 (69.7%) of 152 patients. Patients with AVP had an older operation age (p<0.0001), a smaller Qp/Qs ratio (p<0.0001), a higher systolic pressure gradient between the left and right ventricles (p<0.0001), and a higher diastolic pressure gradient between the aorta and the right ventricle (p=0.022) compared with the patients without AVP. Among 43 (28.3%) patients with AVP and AR, 17 had mild and 4 had moderate-severe AR after surgery. Severe AVP (p=0.0231) and pre-operative AR (p<0.001) are two risk factors for the presence of postoperative residual AR.Conclusion: Long-term outcome of surgical repairs for outlet-type VSD is excellent in most pediatric patients without severe CHF or moderate-severe AR. AVP and AR are more frequent and severe in patients with delayed surgery, highlighting the importance of early surgical treatment of outlet-type VSD.


The early/middle Eocene Palaeotis weigelti is a flightless bird, which occurs in the fossil localities Messel and Geiseltal (Germany). The species is assigned to the Palaeognathae and some authors considered it to be a stem group representative of the Struthionidae (ostriches). Even though several partial skeletons have been found, the osteology of P. weigelti is incompletely known. In the present study, new details of the hindlimb morphology of the species are reported based on unpublished and previously described fossils from the Geiseltal. These data show that the recently described Galligeranoides boriensis from the early Eocene of southern France is another representative of the Palaeotididae and the oldest record of the taxon. It is further noted that Palaeogrus princeps from the middle Eocene of Italy, which was previously assigned to the Gruidae (cranes), may be another representative of the Palaeotididae. Galligeranoides was before assigned to the North American Geranoididae, a taxon mainly known from hindlimb elements. The Geranoididae are usually considered to be closely related to the Asian Eogruidae and both taxa are currently classified in the Gruiformes (cranes and allies). However, as detailed in the present study, derived similarities suggest close affinities between the Palaeotididae and Geranoididae. Eogruids were identified as stem group representatives of the palaeognathous Struthionidae by some earlier authors, and if close affinities between Palaeotididae and Geranoididae are corroborated in future analyses, palaeognathous affinities of the Eogruidae need to be critically revisited.


1. Filter material for inclusion in a filter or filter element of the smoking article, wherein said filter material comprises polylactide fibers and a plasticizer, where the polylactide fibers are mainly composed of polilaktida.2. Filter material according to Claim. 1, where the polylactide fibers consist of polilaktida.3. Filter material according to Claim. 1 or 2, wherein the plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of polyethylene glycol, triacetin and TETS.4. Filter material according to Claim. 1 or. 2, where the plasticizer is included in an amount of from 4 to 15% based on the weight of the filter materiala.5. Filter material according to claim. 3, where the plasticizer is included in an amount of from 4 to 15% based on the weight of the filter materiala.6. The filter or filter element comprising the filter material according to claims. 1-5.7. A smoking article comprising a filter or filter element according to claim. 6.


White and regular teeth are much important for us to make a good first impression. However, the approaches to remove extrinsic stain and prevent crowded teeth still remain unclear. This review summarizes the present state of research on their causes and preventive methods. Extrinsic stains are localized mainly in the acquired pellicle and are generated by the reaction between sugars and amino acids, non-enzymatic browning reactions, or acquired from the retention of exogenous chromophores on the pellicle. The control of pellicle is a key to inhibition of stain formation, but pellicle can't be fully removed by abrasive. Besides, it's also difficult to control the very complicated reactions in the pellicle. Therefore, the relatively simple interaction between pellicle and enamel is of interest. As a result of the study focused on this interaction, pellicle is chemically detached from the enamel surface by condensed phosphoric acid. It is shown that condensed phosphoric acid was highly effective in preventing the formation of extrinsic stain. On the other hand, it seems that the causative factor of crowded teeth is the size of tooth and dental arch width or eruption space when deciduous tooth are replaced by permanent tooth. The recent studies have revealed that there are relationships between inclination of mandibular molars and crowded teeth. Furthermore, it is showed that the masticatory path is improved by chewing the hard gum for 1 month and the mandibular molars stand more vertically. The results suggest that the masticatory training may prevent mandibular crowded teeth. Additionally, it is reported that there is another effect that this training promotes lateral accretion of bony palate.


The reliability of combustion chamber components is mainly determined by the thermal load of diesel engines. Under the plateau operation condition, diesel engine performance degradation and ablation area appear. Therefore, it is crucial to study the engine heat transfer phenomenon at different altitudes, of which the Woschni formula cannot meet the accuracy requirement. With the motive of modifying and calibrating the Woschni formula at different altitudes, a modified conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model of the combustion chamber and the cooling medium was proposed to analyze the temperature distribution of the cylinder head. The results indicated that relative errors were controlled within 5% under variant altitudes, comparing the temperature field of the numerical simulation with the single-cylinder engine experiment test data. Therefore, the modified in-cylinder conjugate heat transfer model can be used to predict the thermal load of diesel engine combustion chamber components under different altitude operating conditions.


Recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS), tilt and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) have greatly increased the availability of volcano deformation data. These measurements, combined with appropriate source models, can be used to estimate magma chamber depth, and to provide information on chamber shape and volume change. However, kinematic models cannot constrain magma chamber volume, and provide no predictive


The study sets out to find and formulate the core of the Anabaptist faith in contradistinction to the general Protestant type of faith or believes. The latter is broadly characterized as "sola-fide theology" based on the Pauline-Augustinian understanding of man's hopeless condition of sinfulness. Anabaptists start with the transforming 24. Vgl. R. Friedmann: Eine dogmatische Hauptschrift der Hutterischen Täufergemeinschaften in Mähren, Ardi. f. Ref.-Geschichte 1931, S. 211 und 212.


This article compares the patterns of enterprise management of China and Germany from the cultural and system perspectives. In system, it compares the view of m ixture that includes joint-stock company and national culture and the view of th e running mechanism of corporate governance. In culture, it compares worldviews and cultural environment and understanding difference which results from cultura l difference. Finally, the article puts forward my own viewpoints that include i nteractive relations of system and culture, cultural infusion and their influenc e on the management pattern.


To move forward, we need a scientific advancement. This progress must be the speed of a rocket to reach the same level than other countries like Israel, Singapore, etc. In this article, we show the benefits, the objectives, and the needs of sciences. It surveys the existing of some solutions applied in developed countries. These good solutions show the ability to solve many problems. Our goal is to discuss and answer three questions: where are we now? Where do we need to go? How do we get there?


Based on the historical data of cultivated land and economic development in 1990-2006,the paper analyzed the spatiotemporal change characteristics of cultivated land in Changsha City.The main factors to driving forces in cultivated land change were then analyzed by the principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis.Results showed that (1) the cultivated land in Changsha City presented a downward trend in 1990—2003 and a slight rising trend in 2003-2006.The annual decline percentage between 1990 and 2006 was about 0.26%.(2) Regional difference between regions was obvious.(3) The principal component analysis indicated that economic factor and agricultural factor could be summed up as the two main factors to reducing cultivated land in Changsha City and the economic factor was the key one.(4) Multiple regression analysis also indicated that the economic factor was the most important influence factor to the change of cultivated land in Changsha City.


NASA and ESA are making plans for the next generation of space telescopes, which should be able to detect biomarkers in the atmospheres of exoplanets in the classical habitable zones around their stars (i.e., the range of separations at which water would be in liquid state on the exoplanet surface). The launch of James Space Webb Telescope is scheduled for October 2021. The main questions are related with the type of organisms producing such possible biomarkers and with the related metabolism? Will autotrophs be the base of the exoplanet ecological pyramid, as on Earth? Will they be phototroph or chemotroph? Will they be photosynthetic? Oxygenic or anoxygenic? Which will their photosynthetic pigments be? ESA’s LIFE or any other new concept for which scientific requirements have not been defined yet might be able to not only detect biomarkers, but to shed light on the actual biochemistry of exoplanet ecosystems. Therefore, investigating the potential variety of photosynthetic systems in exoplanets, either real or to be discovered, is actually very timely, as the requirements of new such telescope concepts are not set yet.

The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis is considered one of the first metabolic routes on planet Earth. Although a low percentage of the solar radiation from our Sun is captured by photosynthesis, this metabolic route provides the energy to drive all the life on Earth. Cyanobacteria are thought to be the first photosynthetic microorganisms on Earth. Subsequent photosynthetic organisms acquired photosynthesis via cyanobacteria endosymbionts, that evolved into chloroplasts in plants (Tomioka & Sugiura 1983).

At the same time, photosynthesis modified the atmosphere of the early Earth by producing oxygen as a by-product. The concentration in this gas was increased in the primitive atmosphere, transforming the metabolic possibilities for the rest of organisms and, nowadays, oxygen supports the whole aerobic organisms on the planet. The only requirements that photosynthesis has are the exposure to optical radiation from the corresponding star and the availability of water and carbon dioxide (as a carbon source), making photosynthesis a putative imperative metabolism to be present in any particular radiative planetary system.

To deepen into this idea, ExoPhot aims to study the relation between photosynthetic systems on exoplanets around different types of stars (i.e. stellar spectral types) from an astrobiological and multidisciplinary point of view, by focusing on two aspects:

Assess the photosynthetic fitness of a variety of photopigments (either real or hypothetical) as a function of star, exoplanet and atmospheric scenario.

Delineate a range of stellar, exoplanet and atmospheric parameters for which photosynthetic activity might be feasible.

To accomplish these goals, we will use state-of-the-art planetary and stellar models to retrieve the radiation signatures at the planet surface for a wide range of exoplanet, atmosphere and host star parameters, and will carry out a quantification of the overlap (convolution) between those spectra with the absorption spectra of photosynthetic pigments, both terrestrial and hypothetical (our own developments on computer-simulated primordial pigments). Here, at the EPSC2021 conference, we present our preliminary results and future work to be developed.

Bibliography:

Tomioka, N. & Sugiura, M. The complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from a blue-green alga, Anacystis nidulans. Molecular and General Genetics, 1983, 191, 46–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00330888


Dislocation dynamics in Ni 3 AI intermetallic single crystals has been studied by mechanical spectroscopy between 300 and 700 K. It has been found that in the anomaly domain of the flow stress, which is characteristic of this material, the mechanical loss of predeformed specimens is strongly dependent on strain amplitude, predeformation level, annealing temperature and time. The results can be interpreted as a combination of two phenomena which simultaneously occur as temperature is increased from 300 K to about 500 K: exhaustion of the mobile dislocation segments (superkinks) and pinning of the screw dislocation segments via cross-slip from the (111) onto the (010) planes.


The Pressure-Node Model is used in the simulation of single-phase incompressible fluid/compressible fluid system. When the pressure nodes are dense or the differential pressure is lesser between nodes, this model will cause problems, such as unbalanced flux in all the branches of one node, slow calculating, and so on so forth. This article will introduce a Liquid-Network Model that is based on random topology network. This model made a great improvement on the flux channels modeling method. It calculates and analyzes not only one node but all the nodes inside the flux network. The mathematical models of the draft fan and air heater and all kinds of flow resistance mathematical models such as pressure flux branch are built on the analysis of super-critical boiler air flue system. The simulation arithmetic of the air flue system is developed by modulating and it was simulated on Simpanel for the static state and dynamic characteristic. The research discussed in this article has been applied to full conditions simulation system of a 600 MW unit and got good result.


ABSTRACT Few land-allocation models consider the impact of off-farm income on tropical deforestation. We provide a concept to integrate off-farm income in a mechanistic multiple-objective land-allocation model, while distinguishing between farms with and without re-allocation of on-farm labor to obtain off-farm income. On farms with re-allocation of labor we found that off-farm income reduced farmers' financial dependency on deforestation-related agricultural income leading to less tropical deforestation. The influence of off-farm income covered two aspects: availability of additional income and re-allocation of on-farm labor to off-farm activities. The labor effect tended to reduce deforestation slightly more than the income effect. On farms without re-allocation of on-farm labor we showed how farmers can use off-farm income to purchase additional labor to accelerate deforestation. Our study highlights the importance of considering off-farm income in land-use models to better understand, model and possibly curb tropical deforestation.


Simulations of forced ignition in a non-premixed laminar counterflow are used to study the effect of the strain rate on ignition success. A one dimensional calculation is performed, using detailed methane chemical kinetics, and treating the ignition event as an instantaneous heat release. Ignition success is seen to depend on the mixture composition and spark location, resulting in lean and rich ignitability limits for a given spark that can be different from the nominal flammability limits. Ignition is also prohibited by excessive strain rates, in some cases at levels well below the extinction value. The structure of the evolving ignition region is examined in terms of its temperature, heat release rates and its composition. In the case of successful ignition, the high temperature reached due to the spark energy deposition causes local autoignition. Subsequently, intense burning rapidly consumes the reactants in the remaining region of flammable methane-air mixture. As this intense burning subsides a partially premixed and then a non-premixed diffusion flame are seen to survive.


The project management process has been used in the area of Software Engineering to support project managers to keep projects under control. One of the essential processes in Software Engineering is to conduct an accurate and reliable estimation of the required effort to complete the project. This article's objectives are: i) to identify the variables that influence the estimation based on the correlation, and ii) to apply the Extreme Learning Machine - ELM model for effort estimation and compare it with the literature models. Thus, it was investigated which technique has better effort prediction accuracy. The models were compared with each other based on predictive precision in the criterion of absolute mean residue (MAR) and statistical tests. The main findings in this study were: i) important variables for effort estimation and; ii) the results indicated that the ELM model presents the best results compared to the models in the literature for estimating software design effort. In this way, the use of Machine Learning techniques in the effort estimation process can increase the chances of success in the accuracy of the time estimates and the project's costs.


Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic impact of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)–microRNA (miRNA, miR)-BHRF1-1 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) as well as role of EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 in p53 gene. Materials and Methods Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and western blotting were used to quantify EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 and p53 expression in cultured CLL. Results p53 aberration was associated with the higher expression level of EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 (p < 0.001) which was also an independent prognostic marker for overall survival (p=0.028; hazard ratio, 5.335; 95% confidence interval, 1.193 to 23.846) in 97 newly-diagnosed CLL patients after adjusted with International Prognostic Index for patients with CLL. We identified EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 as a viral miRNA regulator of p53. EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 repressed luciferase reporter activity by specific interaction with the seed region within the p53 3′-untranslated region. Discordance of p53 messenger RNA and protein expression was associated with high EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 levels in CLL patients and cell lines. EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 inhibition upregulated p53 protein expression, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation in cell lines. EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 mimics downregulated p53 protein expression, decreased cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and induced cell proliferation in cell lines. Conclusion This study supported the role of EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 in p53 regulation in vitro. Our results support the potential of EBV-miR-BHRF1-1 as a therapeutic target in EBV-associated CLL with p53 gene aberration.


Blockchain technology and its applications are gaining popularity day by day. It is a ground-breaking technology that allows users to communicate without the need of a trusted middleman. A smart contract (self-executable code) is deployed on the blockchain and auto executes due to a triggering condition. In a no-trust contracting environment, smart contracts can establish trust among parties. Terms and conditions embedded in smart contracts will be imposed immediately when specified criteria have been fulfilled. Due to this, the malicious assailants have a special interest in smart contracts. Blockchains are immutable means if some transaction is deployed or recorded on the blockchain, it becomes unalterable. Thus, smart contracts must be analyzed to ensure zero security vulnerabilities or flaws before deploying the same on the blockchain because a single vulnerability can lead to the loss of millions. For analyzing the security vulnerabilities of smart contracts, various analysis tools have been developed to create safe and secure smart contracts. This paper presents a systematic review on Ethereum smart contracts analysis tools. Initially, these tools are categorized into static and dynamic analysis tools. Thereafter, different sources code analysis techniques are studied such as taint analysis, symbolic execution, and fuzzing techniques. In total, 86 security analysis tools developed for Ethereum blockchain smart contract are analyzed regardless of tool type and analysis approach. Finally, the paper highlights some challenges and future recommendations in the field of Ethereum smart contracts.


Aluminium is often used as the matrix for porous metals or metal foams,whose pores are usually irregular and disorderly distributed.Recently,many regular porous metals with elongated pores parallel to the solidification direction,such as magnesium,copper,nickel,silver,iron,stainless steel.carbon steel and silicon etc.,have been fabricated by a metal/gas unidirectional coupled growth method (also named Gasar) in pressurized hydrogen and/or other gases.But the same process is not viable for aluminium.Theoretical and experimental analysises showed this problem is related to that the absolute quantity of hydrogen dissolved in aluminium melt is too small and the solidification rate of Al-H system in the Gasar process is too slow to maintain the eutectic growth of metal solid phase and gas phase and to form lotus-type porous structure.


30). This statement should alert one that either there is something amiss with Padre Antonio Vieira's carta anua, or that the good priests had accomplished a major revolution in the agricultural, and possibly dietary, habits of the indigenous population. In another chapter, Professor Piazza subscribes to the belief that many documents were destroyed or removed to another place by the Spanish following the 1777 invasion and occupation of the Island of Santa Catarina. It is possible that vital registers of neighboring Enseada de Brito were burned, as alleged in the document cited on page 7 3. Careful research in the archives for documents which reportedly suffered at Spanish hands, however, shows that many of these still survived in local archives in the 1880s, only to be destroyed through neglect in recent decades. In addition to the above weaknesses, some may criticize this book for its facility in avoiding criticism and its propensity toward apologia. On the other hand, considering the dedication and sacrifice of many of the individuals remembered in these pages, it is easy to excuse these weaknesses. This work, after all, was written for a people who believe and who wished to honor the first fifty years of the Diocese of Florianopolis. At the same time, one hopes that the history of these people and their religious institutions will receive better attention. As with all other aspects of Church history on this part of Brazil, more research needs to be done on the missionary labors to the Indians during the colonial and later times. It is especially intriguing to ponder upon the possibility that even after the Paulista slave raids in the area, large indigenous villages still existed, only to disappear in the eighteenth century. The essays in this book can open the way to many important research projects.


Technology-enhanced learning (TEL) methodologies are becoming an important part of University teaching but faculty members have tended to shy away from using them. So, how can they be enticed to use them effectively? What approaches can be used? The purpose of the Xanadu project was to analyse the problems involved and to propose a model for training, based on experimentation at the University of Turin. Besides providing a model, this article will deal with the follow-up, particularly regarding the faculty members' initial approach to using information and communication technology (ICT), as well as examine the motives and conditions influencing their choices. In this sense, the project has enabled us to come to a better understanding of the typical misconceptions leading teachers to favour methodological approaches based on the distributive use of ICT (which are considered less demanding to manage), rather than networked collaborative interaction, which actually involve students more. In this regard, Xanadu has shown how teachers' awareness may be developed towards adopting a wide range of TEL approaches through both gradual training (project-oriented with a basic and an advanced course) and with the help of a graduate assistant capable of following e-content development and online collaborative activities. The effectiveness of the method may be confirmed by the large number of faculty members continuing to use ICT to support their teaching despite having no specific university TEL projects.


This paper assesses the use of a modified three phase VSI topology with additional switches (H8) together with suitable modulation techniques as a mean for common-mode voltage reduction in electric drives with the aim of mitigating the onset of harmful bearing currents. Bearing currents in inverter-fed motors are related to the high dv/dt variation, induced at the motor terminals by the converters. The problem, already known in industry for Si-Based converters, is now aggravated by the use of wide-bandgap devices in More Electric Aircraft applications. This paper evaluates the use H8 topology for mitigating the phenomenon, comparing its performance against the one of a conventional three-phase full-bridge converter, by means simulation and experimental results.


The first offshore wind farms face the end of their design lifetime in the upcoming years and with that service life extension becomes increasingly important. Offshore wind turbines are exposed to dynamic loads from wind and waves and to harsh environmental offshore conditions. Salt water and humidity abet corrosion on intermittently or completely submerged parts of an offshore support structure; free corrosion decreases the bearable loads. Hence, it is required to evaluate how long existing structures are effectively protected against corrosion.
This thesis investigates a methodology to predict service life of cathodic corrosion protection systems applying on-site measurement data and simulations by means of the software COMSOL Multiphysics®. On-site measurement data of galvanic anode cathodic protection (GACP) systems and impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems are provided from wind farms.
Corrosion models for GACP systems are developed and calibrated to design and environmental data, like seawater and mud conductivity. Kinetic expressions, as simulation input, are iteratively fitted to measured potentials until simulation outcomes match existing potential data. Average current densities and protection potential at the monopile surface are calculated and compared to design and requirements.
Sensitivity studies are applied to address model as well as measurement uncertainties, showing how important precises measurements are to allow on reliable lifetime predictions of cathodic protection systems. Results suggest that, e.g. anode capacity has a strong influence while other parameters have minor impact on the service life of GACP systems.
Furthermore, this thesis indicates how predictions of cathodic protection performance can be applied to estimate on lifetime extension of the support structure of a monopile-based offshore wind turbine.
The applicability of the approach is critically discussed, since results from simulation adjusted by measurements show high uncertainties. Nevertheless, an initial investigation to predict lifetime of corrosion protection systems is given. Improvement of potential measurements and specific environmental data would reduce uncertainties and allow for representative estimations on service life of corrosion protection systems.


Embryo weight and early seedling qrowth of three qrain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrids and their parents were evaluated in field and greenhouse experiments. h e hybrlds war. The hybrids were selected from previous
experiments to represent high, medium, and low levels of heterosis for grain yield...


The fifth volume (AaTh/ATU 560-699, 2007) of the Greek folktale catalogue completes the presentation of the Greek tales of magic (AaTh/ATU 300-749). The total of Greek magical tales, as defmed by the international classification system, is covered by volumes 2 (1994; AaThiATU 700-749), 3 (1999; AaTh/ATU 400-499),4 (2004; AaTh/ATU 500-559) and this fifth volume. The idea of systematising Greek folktales dates back about a century ago, when the eminent Greek folklorist Nikolaos Politis, in 1910, assigned the compilation of such a catalogue, based on the taxonomie scheme fIfst applied by the Finnish folklorist Antti Aarne, to Georgios A. Megas. Dealing with the folktale in a methodical manner, Megas had been gathering and indexing all published and unpublished Greek folktale versions which over the years were continually enriched by new collections, so that the number of texts fmally exceeded 23,000. He classified the tales according to the international classification system elaborated by Aame (expanded and further systematised by Stith Thompson) and applied the analytical method used by Johannes BoIte and Jiii Polivka. Megas repeatedly redrafted the Greek catalogue, adding new types and staying abreast of the revisions of the international catalogue. It is also Megas' s merit that the Greek folktale was well-represented in the second revision of the international catalogue in 1961, given that its compiler, Thompson, had visited Athens in 1957 where he consulted the unpublished Greek catalogue and received information about new types the Greek folklorist had gathered up to that time. Moreover, in pointing out the particularities ofthe Greek folktale, Megas introduced sorne new oikotypes, enriching the international classification. Finally, he also published a series ofpapers in the Greekjournal Laographia and foreignjoumals where he examined the content and structure of the Greek folktale, its historieal evolution, and its relations with the tales of other mainly neighbouring peoples. The publication of the Greek catalogue began in 1978 with the release of the fIfSt part (Animal Tales; AaTh/ATU 1-299) by Megas himself. It was interrupted following his death and only continued from the 1990s onwards by a group of scholars appointed by Michael G. Meraklis to whom Megas in his will had


The paper presents the influence of aerosols and respectively that of the in situ resulted solions in dynamic halochambers on the staturo-ponderal growth and on some functional characteristics of children by practicing controlled and systemic sportive games during gym classes, individually and in teams with subjects between 10 and 15 years old. As a reference, children of the same age and with the same schedule were used for the gym classes, but the activities were developed in open air and in gyms, under normal conditions, without aerosols. The study underlined the fact that the saline aerosols and the solions formed in situ in the gym halochamber atmosphere, at a level of over 0.600mg/m³, allowed an improvement of the staturo- ponderal growth more in girls than in boys and visibly superior for both genders in comparison with the youth who trained for three years outdoors or in gyms, in normal conditions, without aerosols.


For dyons in heterotic string theory compactified on a six-torus, with electric charge vector Q and magnetic charge vector P, the positive integer I ≡ gcd(Q ∧ P) is an invariant of the U-duality group. We propose the microscopic theory for computing the spectrum of all dyons for all values of I, generalizing earlier results that exist only for the simplest case of I = 1. Our derivation uses a combination of arguments from duality, 4d-5d lift, and a careful analysis of fermionic zero modes. The resulting degeneracy agrees with the black hole degeneracy for large charges and with the degeneracy of field-theory dyons for small charges. It naturally satisfies several physical requirements including integrality and duality invariance. As a byproduct, we also derive the microscopic (0, 4) superconformal field theory relevant for computing the spectrum of five-dimensional Strominger-Vafa black holes in ALE backgrounds and count the resulting degeneracies.


The present invention provides the vias on one kind of pad hole filling plating method, the order of execution comprises the step of: drilling machine: in accordance with the requirements of the production process to meet the requirements of a blind hole is drilled; Shen copper: depositing a layer of the PCB plate hole chemical copper; plating board: PCB board aperture coated with a layer of copper, the pores conduction; jack resin: the resin filled in the blind bore; polished: the exposed surface polished flat resin plate; secondary bore : according to the production process requirements through holes drilled meet the requirements; secondary electroless copper: depositing a layer of the through hole in the electroless copper; secondary board plating: the plug through hole in a resin and a layer of PCB panel plating copper, through hole conduction. The present invention enhances the filled vias plate technology precision, high density and high reliability on the pad, to fill the gaps mechanical blind orifice, improving product quality, to achieve the production of PCB board of High Aspect Ratio .


Osteometric variation of 12 bones in the high-speed wing of the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, was analyzed and found to be closely comparable to variation in the high-lift wing of Myotis. Coefficients of variation and correlation were obtained. We found high variation in phalanx one, digit II, and a marked increase of variation distally. Generally, we found coefficients of variation to fall between two and eight. Compared to Myotis, Tadarida has higher variation in phalanx two, digit V, and lower variation in the distal elements of digit III (emphasizing a probable functional significance of the wing tip). Overall variation is lower in Tadarida. There is strong correlation among distal bones of the third and fifth digits (important aerodynamically) and the humerus and radius in Tadarida. Similar bones often showed strong correlation. No marked preponderance of advanced characters was noted in either genus if specializations for maneuverable flight are given equal weight with those of rapid flight, and we question that Molossidae should be considered moreadvanced than Vespertilionidae. INTRODUCTION Structure and form of an organism are related to function, hence, obviously, to exploitation of an ecological niche. For example, in birds the form of the wing is related to mode of flight (Savile, 1957:212). Generally, the amount of variation of a structure in a population sample is apparently also related to function, in that variation is more extensive in nonfunctional or vestigial structures (Simpson, 1953; Bader and Hall, 1960:15). We attempt to analyze osteometric variation in the high-speed wing of the Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis, which ostensibly is capable of rapid and enduring flight (Vaughan, 1959, 1966; and others), in order to compare the nature and extent of this variation with that described by Bader and Hall (1960) for two species of Myotis, of slower, more maneuverable and probably less enduring flight. Comments are presented concerning some adaptations to flight of Myotis (Vespertilionidae) and Tadarida (Molossidae), although the primary aim is to obtain verification of the work by Bader and Hall (1960). Acknowledgments.-We are grateful to Mr. John Lynch and Mr. Macreay Landy for the bats collected by them in Veracruz, Mexico, and to Professor Hobart M. Smith for the loan of his comparator. We are especially indebted to Mr. James T. Wallace for his assistance in programming our problem for computer use at the University of Illinois Digital Computer Laboratory. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty bats utilized were obtained 26-28 July 1964 from a cave at Cofre de Perote, 2800 m elevation, Veracruz, Mexico, where all


Abstract Two new smut species are described from New Zealand. A presumed endemic species, Restiosporium dissimile sp. nov., was discovered on seed heads of Apodasmia similis (Restionaceae) in the Chatham Islands. An introduced leaf smut, Entyloma echinaceae sp. nov., was found causing severe damage to a crop of Echinacea angustifolia (Asteraceae) grown for herbal use.


Signs of Recognition: Powers and Hazards of Representation in an Indonesian Society. WEBB KEANE. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997; 297 pp. (paper). Anakalang is a dry, out of the way place in West Sumba, Eastern Indonesia. Here, where subsistence agriculture is the norm, neither trade nor wages play much part in people's lives. Local affairs take place in a realm largely untouched by the reach of the Indonesian state. Although most people have converted to Christianity within the last thirty years, and warfare and the headhunting that went with it have been in abeyance since the colonial era, violence and bravado still command men's image of themselves, and ancestor spirits remain important. This is where Webb Keane carried out fieldwork in the 1980s and '90s, trying to understand exchanges, formal speech, and feasting. In his remarkable and ambitious ethnography, he makes these esoteric subjects speak to general theories of representation. The result is a critique both of those approaches that treat culture as a text or as disembodied discourse and of those that lean toward economic or material reductionism. Further, Keane shows that agency is not only something individuals exercise, but also a property of groups. The main actors in formal transactions are the corporate patrilineal descent groups called kabisu and their segments known as "houses." High status kabisu, some of which constitute a nobility, assert claims as village founders, and possess ancestral heirlooms and villages with stone tombs and dancing platforms where they sponsor great feasts. Asymmetrical alliance characterizes the pattern of marriage among kabisu, with, ideally, at least one marriage each generation renewing the affinal bond. Nonetheless, long-standing affines construe each other as antagonists and constantly scrutinize the objects and words they exchange in ceremonial contexts as either a recognition of honor or grounds for offence. The ethnography sticks mostly to formal settings such as marriage negotiations, where the predominant speakers are generally not themselves party to the exchanges or decisions that occur, but merely the delegated voices of the principals. Adepts of ritual speaking lace their talk with the couplets that are a hallmark of this region and that Anakalangese regard as a legacy from an ancestral golden era. The stylized expressions bracket an event as efficacious or definitive, for this was the manner in which ancestors spoke. Much speaking in ritual events also consists of highly redundant messages relayed by go-betweens, reports and repetitions of what others have said. This agency-blurring practice, and the replicability of utterances among different speakers, Keane argues, displace utterances from persons and bespeak the transcendent authority of ancestors. Keane explores at length the implicit logic of speaking in pairs. A couplet says the same thing in two different ways, and also points to an unstated, third possibility: a gloss in colloquial speech. Couplets as a poetic device thus evince a general process of displacement where signs point to something not actually there, a semantic center that is only presupposed. Displacement is also evident in behaviors relating to slavery. …


Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is an aircraft backup radar device that transmits aircraft sensor information via radio frequency. This data can be used to detect aircraft changes that occur significantly or abnormally (anomaly). Anomaly detection in this study aims to reduce and prevent flight accidents by analyzing abnormal data on aircraft flights using the Deep Learning (DL) model. Bidirectional LSTM (Bi-LSTM) and Bidirectional GRU (Bi-GRU) models are proposed as DL models which are implemented on ADS-B data using data mining methods. The data is generated from the ADS-B device that records the plane crash incident and is stored on the Flightradar24 community server. Data containing sensor changes from anomalous aircraft movements are studied for predictability on other flight data. The class breakdown is divided into two, anomaly and normal, based on information on the time span of anomaly occurrences in the accident investigation report of each aircraft using the sliding window technique in the data mining methodology. In evaluation, the confusion matrix measurement method is used to predict predictive analysis of the tested data. The results of the model evaluation performance show that the Bi-LSTM proposed in this study has the best accuracy of 99.44% and the f1-score of 99.51% is slightly superior to the Bi-GRU model. The model in this study can be applied in the ADS-B device to detect aircraft movement anomalies and as material for reviewing technicians in periodic maintenance and measuring the accuracy of the ADS-B device used as a backup radar.


AIM: To determine the long-term prognosis for working dogs in New Zealand following pancarpal arthrodesis (PCA) utilising a dorsal hybrid plate. METHODS: Owners of 14 dogs who had a PCA performed as part of a previous study conducted at two small animal veterinary surgical hospitals were contacted via phone and asked to participate in a short survey. RESULTS: A phone survey was completed for seven dogs. Five of the seven dogs had returned to full work, one dog had a moderate persistent lameness that prevented returning to normal work and the remaining dog did not return to normal work for reasons unrelated to the study. Removal of the implants was required in four of seven cases at a median interval of 2 (min 0.5, max 2) years following surgery. One dog had no gait abnormality, but developed an occasional mild lameness after jumping, one dog had a constant gait abnormality with a moderate, persistent lameness, and the remaining five dogs had a constant gait abnormality with a mild, intermittent lameness. All owners contacted were very satisfied with the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Working dogs undergoing a standardised surgical procedure for unilateral PCA using a hybrid carpal arthrodesis bone plate applied dorsally have a good prognosis for return to work. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although this study has a small number of cases, this study provides subjective longer-term follow-up data than previously reported for working dogs that have undergone PCA. Owners should be warned that plate removal may be required in approximately 60% of dogs and additional expenditure should be planned for.


In this paper,methods to improve the I/O performance for high performance computing are analysed, and problems on designing a parallel file system are discussed thoroughly.Several famous parallel file systems are also introduced.


The paper focuses on the factors affecting the speed at which a toddler acquires language, chiefly new expressions and collocations. A special attention is paid to the individual functions of the c ...


According to the characterization and the situation of the local college,the feature of collection work in the local college library under the network environment is discussed in this paper,including the collection modes such as online acquisition,the combination of advance booking and local pruchase,the united collection and resource sharing.The local college library should emphasis the informative resource collection as well as the united collection and resource sharing,which are effective resource guarantee in the development of the local college.


With the development of new energy in China as the main line in the new era, the policies and energy supply situation of China's new energy industry is introduced. The current development status and development strategies and prospects of China's new energy industry is reviewed. Through the upstream and downstream analysis of the new energy industry chain, the market competition pattern of the industry is analyzed. Finally, the feasibility of gradually realizing the localization of the new energy industry chain, the technical level and reliability of equipment, and the industrial scale in the new energy industry are discussed.


Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain malignancy in the human race. The management of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in elderly patients is not well established in English literature. Despite treatment advances, survival of elderly GBM patients is usually < 12 months. Prognostically favorable elderly GBM patients should be included in prospective randomized combined-modality clinical trials. Quality-of-life issues should be strongly considered in this subset of patients. This is the review article looking into the pattern of presentation, treatment, and other related aspects in this subset of patients as management of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) in elderly patients is not well established.


Abstract The performance of ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) methods in calculating the vibrational wavenumbers in the isolated state was analyzed. To correct the calculated values, several scaling procedures were described in detail. The two linear scaling equation (TLSE) procedure leads to the lowest error and it is recommended for scaling. A comprehensive compendium of the main scale factors and scaling equations available to date for a good accurate prediction of the wavenumbers was also shown. Examples of each case were presented, with special attention to the benzene and uracil molecules and to some of their derivatives. Several DFT methods and basis sets were used. After scaling, the X3LYP/DFT method leads to the lowest error in these molecules. The B3LYP method appears closely in accuracy, and it is also recommended to be used. The accuracy of the results in the solid state was shown and several additional corrections are presented.


Aging induces proliferation of bone marrow progenitor cells and disseminated tumor cells, leading to therapeutic resistance and bone metastasis. Aging induces proliferation of bone marrow progenitor cells and disseminated tumor cells, leading to therapeutic resistance and bone metastasis.


Simple Summary This study presents an algorithm to estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for cell survival under hypoxic conditions using the repair-misrepair-fixation model. The study finds that the RBE values are in the range of 1.0–3.0 for the linear energy transfer equal to 1.1 to 22.6 keV/μm under aerobic condition (21% O2) and further increase to the range of 1.1–4.4 under severe hypoxia (0.1% O2). Abstract This study uses the yields of double-strand breaks (DSBs) to determine the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of proton beams, using cell survival as a biological endpoint. DSB induction is determined when cells locate at different depths (6 positions) along the track of 62 MeV proton beams. The DNA damage yields are estimated using Monte Carlo Damage Simulation (MCDS) software. The repair outcomes are estimated using Monte Carlo excision repair (MCER) simulations. The RBE for cell survival at different oxygen concentrations is calculated using the repair-misrepair-fixation (RMF) model. Using 60Co γ-rays (linear energy transfer (LET) = 2.4 keV/μm) as the reference radiation, the RBE for DSB induction and enzymatic DSB under aerobic condition (21% O2) are in the range 1.0–1.5 and 1.0–1.6 along the track depth, respectively. In accord with RBE obtained from experimental data, RMF model-derived RBE values for cell survival are in the range of 1.0–3.0. The oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) for cell survival (10%) decreases from 3.0 to 2.5 as LET increases from 1.1 to 22.6 keV/μm. The RBE values for severe hypoxia (0.1% O2) are in the range of 1.1–4.4 as LET increases, indicating greater contributions of direct effects for protons. Compared with photon therapy, the overall effect of 62 MeV proton beams results in greater cell death and is further intensified under hypoxic conditions.


Due to the change of parameters caused by the dynamic longitudinal end effect, the operation characteristics of linear induction motors (LIMs) applied in an electromagnetic launch field are different from that of ordinary LIM. Due to the continuous increase of the LIM port voltage under high acceleration, the phase voltage is close to the inverter output limit. The conventional indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) strategies of LIM based on the flux attenuation compensation or maximum thrust control cannot solve the problem well. Based on the LIM mathematical model, this study analyses the output thrust characteristics of the LIM and discusses different control methods. This study presents an improved vector control strategy. By dynamically adjusting the value of ' k ' based on the moving speed of the LIM, the maximum thrust output is maintained at medium and low speeds, and the voltage rise of a motor port is restrained at high speed. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is verified by simulation and experiment. The method proposed in this study is helpful to broaden the application of the LIM in the higher speed field.


This paper emphasises the voltage support aspects of reactive power compensation for power transmission systems using high voltage underground cables. The design, implementation and test results of a laboratory scale dynamic model of a rapidly controllable shunt reactive power compensator is described. A PC-based split inductor type controller is used to increase the flexibility of the system. Results of various tests show the effect of the SVC controller on system transients as well as steady state performance. It has been found that the proposed design is economical, provides fast response, has smaller reactor losses and lower harmonic generation, and maintains an acceptable voltage profile over a wide range of operating conditions.<<ETX>>


Objectives To study the pathogeny distribution in pleural effusions and evaluate the value of CEA in differentiating malignant pleural effusion from benign origin. Methods The clinical data of 273 cases with pleural effusions were analyzed retrospectively. Results In 129 cases of pleural effusions with benign origin, 55cases (42.64%) were caused by tuberculosis, 27 cases (20.93%) were caused by heart failure, 12 cases (9.3%) were caused by diabetes, 35 cases were caused by other diseases. In 144 cases with malignant pleural effusion, 114 patients (79.17%) were original bronchogenic carcinomas of lung, 18 patients (12.5%) were breast cancer, 12 patients were other cancers. The levels of the CEA in malignant pleural effusions were higher than in benign origin pleural effusions (P0.01). Conclusions Original bronchogenic carcinoma was the most important cause of malignant pleural effusions; CEA assay was useful for differentiating malignant pleural effusions from benign origin.


OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence of self-reported diabetes in Brazil, describing it according to sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: this was a descriptive study of prevalence of medically diagnosed diabetes in adults (aged ≥18 years), using National Health Survey data, a household survey conducted in Brazil in 2013. RESULTS: 62,202 subjects were interviewed; reported disease prevalence was 6.2% (95%CI 5.9-6.6). It was greater in women (7.0%; 95%CI 6.5-7.5) than men (5.4%; 95%CI 4.8-5.9) and among people living in urban areas (6.5%; 95%CI 6.1-6.9) rather than rural areas (4.6%; 95%CI 4.0-5.2). Some nine million people are estimated to have diabetes in Brazil, around 3.5 million of whom are aged 65 years or more. CONCLUSION: the results from National Health Survey were consistent with other research conducted, and show an elevated number of people diagnosed as having diabetes, especially in urban areas.


The basic principle of dynamic time-history analysis method is elaborated.Combined with practical work three seismic waves El-Contro wave,Taft wave and Northridge wave are input structure,so that their influences on the seismic response of structure are analyzed.Author points out that local part at both ends of piers should be strengthened in seismic design.


Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric condition that affects the daily functioning of children, adolescents, and adults. In this study, we aim to determine the efficacy and tolerability of medications that frequently use in the treatment of ADHD.
Materials and Methods: 204 primary school-age children with documented DSM-5 ADHD diagnosis were included. Clinical characteristics of the sample were obtained from the medical records and structured psychiatric interviews. Improvement and side effects were assessed with the Clinical Global Impression-Improvement Scale (CGI-I) and the adverse effect scale developed by the authors, respectively.
Results: Mean age of the patients was 8.32±1.15 and 67.1% of the patients were male. 33.3% of the patients were using modified-release methylphenidate, 35.3% were using osmotic-release methylphenidate, and 31.4% were using Atomoxetine. The CGI-I was significantly different between the three groups (p=0.012). There was no significance in terms of treatment compliance. Sleep disturbances, appetite, and sadness were different between the groups.
Conclusion: Atomoxetine seems to be less effective and has fewer side effects than modified-release methylphenidate and osmotic-release methylphenidate. Modified release methylphenidate and osmotic-release methylphenidate appear to show similar effectiveness. Osmotic release methylphenidate may be associated with more and severe side effects.


With the behavior modeling technique,the optimization design of helical gear shaft of gearbox was done by Pro/Engineer and Pro/Mechanica.So the rational structure was achieved,the 3D model of helical gear shaft was modeled in Pro/Engineer.After defining the mathematical model,the finite model was finished by switching to the Pro / Mechanica.Then the crucial design parameters were found by sensitivity analysis.The best structure was gained by optimization for those parameters.The optimal model was driven by the new parameters,the checking of part was finished to ensuring the quality.


Objective:To compare the therapeutic efficacy of enucleation of corpus luteum to methotrexate adjuvant therapy on preventing persistent ectopic pregnancy(PEP) after laparoscopic conservative operation for tubal pregnancy.Methods:Eight-six patients with ectopic pregnancy who were eager to have a baby were randomly divided to observation group(n=44) and control group(n=42).Combined with laparoscopic removal of embryo,enucleation of corpus luteum was performed in the observation group and methotrexate of 20 mg was injected in the control group.The level of β-hCG was measured before operation and on day 1,3,7 and 12 after operation,and adverse events were observed.Results:The observation group had one(2.27%) case of PEP and the control group had 2(4.76%) cases,with no significant difference(χ2=0.395,P0.05).The level of β-hCG on the postoperative day 1 was decreased in both groups compared to that before operation(P0.01),but no significant difference between the two groups(P0.05);no difference was noted in the level of β-hCG on the postoperative day 3 and 7 between the two groups(P0.05);On day 12,it was markedly higher in the control group than that in the observation group(P0.01).The control group observed more adverse events.Conclusion:The therapeutic efficacy of enucleation of corpus luteum equals to MTX with less adverse effect.


The phenomenon of cheating in university examination are of long standing.In recent years,some new features have been showed,and the trend is becoming increasingly fierce.The new features are summarized,and the five shortcomings of cheating are discussed.Finally,some countermeasures of preventing and controlling cheating are given.


Corticosteroids were used to treat two children with presumed idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and one with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis without examination of the bone marrow. Of the two with presumed idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, one had Fanconi's anaemia and the other may have had aplastic anaemia. The third child had acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The diagnosis of Fanconi's anaemia was delayed. A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma was caused in the second case. In the third, delayed diagnosis and, perhaps, compromised outlook resulted. These three cases re‐emphasize the well aired caveats about the diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis and provide further support for the arguments of those who believe that if corticosteroids are to be used to treat such children, their bone marrow should be examined first.


Granulocyte Viability /G.V.T/ and the Nitro-blue-Tetrazolium reduction test /NBT RT/were evaluated in 258 children living in the area of Zinc Smelting Works, Miasteczko Śląskie/Katowice District/ polluted very strongly by heavy metals /Pb, Zn, Cd/. G.V.T. was determined by Cocchi and al. and NBT RT by Raman and al. method. An increase in the percentage of dead granulocytes and a decrease in the value of NBT RT were found, particularly in the youngest children. A large number of examined children showed an elevated Pb and decreased Zn and Mg levels in blood. A correlation was found between Mg and granulocyte viability /t=-3,011, p<0,05/, as well as between Zn and NBT RT values / t = 4,434, p<0,05/. The results of investigations confirm the negative influence of heavy metals polluted environment on intracellular metabolic processes in granulocytes. This phenomenon is highly intensified in the youngest children. The unfavourable Pb influence on children's immunity may be also caused by the interaction of Pb with Mg and Zn in the process of absorption in the intestinal tract.


The Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for high indices of morbility and mortality around the world. In the beginning of century XX the percentages of death caused by these bacteria had reached more than 80%. With the appearance of the antibiotical therapy, mainly with the use of penicillin, the combat to pneumococcus has became more effective. From the decade of 1980, the combat against these bacteria started to be more difficult due to the increase of the pneumococcal resistance to antimicrobials. In Brazil and, of general form, in the entire world has been verified the increase of pneumococcal resistance. Such percentages vary significantly from a country to another one and even inside of the same country. In this way, it's necessary to have knowledge of the effectiveness of common antibiotics used against pneumococcus through the monitoriment of these resistance's indices. The resistance of pneumococcus originates from the chromosome. In the case of the erythromycin, the resistance genes are called erm(B) and mef(A/E). As it occurs with the percentages of resistance, the prevalence of these genes also change in accordance with the searched region. As well as the verification of the resistance, the research of the origin of the antimicrobial resistance is important, in the case of the genes erm(B) and mef(A/E). The present work verified the pneumococcal resistance in 64 strains from different hospitals of Porto Alegre. The results were 28% of resistance for penicillin, 14% of resistance for erythromycin, 18% of resistance for tetracyclin, 3% of resistance for chloranphenicol, 68% of resistance for resistance trimetropim/ sulfametoxazole association, 1% of resistance ceftriaxone and 0% of resistance to the vancomycin. The presence of the genes with the erythromycin resistance could be related. The erm(B) showed a high preponderance in these strains. There were 6 erm(B) gene strains, 2 mef(A/E), a sample with the two genes and only one with none gene. It's important to point out that the values found in this work hasn't been constant and subsequent research must be made to monitor the S. pneumoniae resistance.


This article models the change-making process for organizations, summarizes research on the model, and shows the fundamental connection between change-making skills and the concept called total quality management (TQM). Further, the article models the change-making process as a disciplined multistage, circular creative thinking process and links creative thinking directly to organizational effectiveness. Three key creative thinking skills for organizations are identified: deferral of judgment, active divergence, and active convergence. How these skills form the basis of TQM success is described and training research is summarized. Change-making skills and continuous improvement are identified as the fundamentals of TQM. As North American industries continue to experience the effects of constantly changing markets and global competition, the need to implement TQM will increasingly emerge. To move beyond the tendency to superficially implement the latest "fad," organizations need to increase their understanding of change-making as the foundation of TQM. Organizational members starting with top management need to learn fundamental creative thinking skills to participate in the change-making process.


Abstract Measurements of hepatic blood flow have been made in patients before and after the intravenous injection of Biligrafin. Biligrafin alone did not produce any change in blood flow. The addition of hypertonic glucose solution produces a significant increase in hepatic blood flow. In the latter case, the hepatic uptake of Biligrafin and the concentration of Biligrafin in the bile were also increased. It is therefore suggested that the administration of glucose with Biligrafin should increase the degree of opacification within the biliary tree.


With the enormous growth of the World Wide Web, search engines play a critical role in retrieving information from the borderless Web. Although many search engines are available for the major languages, but they are not much proficient for the less computerized languages including Myanmar. The main reason is that those search engines are not considering the specific features of those languages. A search engine which is capable of searching the Web documents written in those languages is highly needed, especially when more and more Web sites are coming up with localized content in multiple languages. In this study, the design and the architecture of language specific search engine for Myanmar language is proposed. The main features of the system are, (1) it can search the multiple encodings of the Myanmar Web page, (2) it is designed to comply with the specific features of the Myanmar language. Finally the experiment has been done to prove whether it meets the design requirements.


Focusing on the unbalance of energy consumption in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a novel strategy based on cooperating level is proposed to balance the energy consumption of sensor nodes. The minimum energy level among all sensor nodes on some route is adopted to be the cooperating level of the route. According to the cooperating level ratio of each possible route, the data flow can be transmitted on the optimum proportion along all possible routes from source node to sink node. Finally, the energy consumption balance of sensor nodes on multi-route is realized. Experiment results demonstrate that, compared with other schemes, this energy balance strategy is more rational and more efficient to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.


This paper introduces a modified Schema Therapy conceptual model termed Schema Therapy Modified for Autism Spectrum Conditions (ST-MASC). Schema Therapy is underpinned by a comprehensive case conceptualisation that guides intervention with the aim to better meet the needs of the individual thus improving mental health. This individualised, needs-based approach lends itself to treating complex comorbidities in adults on the autism spectrum, however some modifications to the conceptual model are necessary to accommodate neurodevelopmental differences. The first proposed modification extends the model to include core features of Autism Spectrum Conditions and associated coping strategies in case conceptualisation. The second proposed modification introduces needs specific to Autism Spectrum Conditions alongside the core emotional needs central to the Schema Therapy model. It is hoped these extensions to the Schema Therapy model facilitate the development of a needs-based, rather than symptom-based, treatment approach for complex comorbidities in adults on the autism spectrum.


The concern for the diameter change of a droplet when exposed to a temperature field is completely valid. With an angle of attack of -10°, the simulated temperature of the air at the sample volume is 280.19K and the temperature of the air at the inlet was 280.23K. At the time the manuscript was written, we did not consider the 0.04K change in temperature to have a considerable effect on droplet diameter, or the relative humidity of the air. We have amended the manuscript to reflect our assumptions more clearly, since not stating them was an oversight on our behalf.


Structural properties of AgnRh (n ≤ 15) clusters are investigated using a successive growth algorithm coupled with density functional theory computations. The structures of the clusters are revisited, including a detailed discussion of their electronic properties. In contrast to these previous contributions, the lowest energy structures of the clusters are planar for n = 3–6, while three-dimensional for n = 7 onward. Our present searches identify new lowest energy structures for n = 3–6 and 9–13. The most stable isomers are selected to study the adsorption of NO. The size-dependent reactivity of the clusters indicates that Rh atom acts as a more effective adsorption site for NO than Ag. Since the transition from Rh-exposed to Rh-encapsulated structures occurs at n = 9, the reactivity toward NO for AgnRh clusters with n ≤ 8 is considerably higher than that for the larger homologues. Further, the results show that doping Agn clusters with Rh increases the reactivity toward NO adsorption.


When two horizontally-aligned liquid jets are brought into close contact, the outcome is a coalescent state that is maintained as long as the distance between the nozzles does not change. Increasing this distance causes the upper meniscus to break once a critical value is reached. The present paper investigates the dependence of this critical distance with flow rate and material properties (e.g. density, viscosity, elasticity). Close to break-up, the maximum vertical displacement of the upper meniscus that connects the nozzles is found to be smaller than the break-up distance, in the case of Newtonian ligaments. When elasticity is present, the vertical displacement increases, exceeding at break-up the critical distance.


Introduction China's strong preferences for boys and low social status of a woman have led to discrimination against girls, gender imbalance and relative shortage of females. Currently and in the future, there are and will be a large number of males unable to find a spouse. They are forced to be single and become "guanggun", or literately bare branches. The definition of bare branch refers to a male in a countryside area who is not married or remains single involuntarily. They have neither set up their own family nor have any offspring like a bare branch, creating a dismal impression of loneliness. Though bare branches have been a problem in China, research shows that from 2010, the number and proportion of males in China will increase much more quickly (Jiang et al., 2011). China will experience serious male marriage pressures, the phenomenon of which will start from 2010. The number of excess males will continue to rise within a certain period. The excess population of 20 to 49 year olds will exceed 20 million in 2015, 30 million in 2025, 40 million in 2035 and 44 million in approximately 2040. Between 2020 and 2050, about 15% of males will not be able to find a spouse (Chen, 2004). In China, it is traditional for females to change their fate through marriages. Generally speaking, they tend to choose a man with a higher social status than themselves for marriage. The majority of males who fail to get married belong to the lowest class in the social ladder. The lowest social stratum in China will have a bare branch class of approximately 40 to 50 million people. Presently, the gender imbalance and relative shortage of females, due to women getting married and leaving areas where they live, causes the population of unmarried males to be usually concentrated in the countryside, especially in poverty stricken rural areas. A pattern is emerging, in which the phenomenon of bare branches being located in scattered areas is being replaced by them being found in concentrated areas. Many bare branch villages have now appeared. Those villages with relatively more bare branches tend to be poorer and have a lower per capita income with harsher economic and living conditions. The environment is such that it cannot provide powerful economic support for youth marriages. The heavy concentration of a very sizable number of bare branches has caused problems in people finding partners and getting married. This also leads to sexual deprivation. As sexual desire is a basic human drive a person will seek other means to satisfy such a desire if it is not met. In Chinese contexts, though there are many means of sexual outlets, marriage is still the dominant and generally acceptable way for satisfying one's sexual desire (Jiang and Li, 2009). With an increase in excess males, there is increasing competition for those seeking marriages, which results in an increase of marriages such as child bride, mercenary marriage, marriage by exchange, or even levirate marriage, a type of marriage in which the brother of a deceased man is obliged to marry his brother's widow, and the widow is obliged to marry her deceased husband's brother. Furthermore, extramarital activities, such as adultery and prostitution, have also arisen. What is striking is that a market for rural prostitution has appeared. All this has accelerated the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, which also seems to provide a reason for the existence and legalization of the sex industry. Although the impact which excess males have on social and economic development has drawn some attention (Hudson and den Boer, 2004; Edlund et al., 2007; Ebenstein and Sharygin, 2009; Das Gupta et al., 2010; Wei and Zhang, 2011), not enough research into the effect they have on sexually transmitted diseases and on the sex industry has been carried out. This article studies sexual channels for bare branches and their impact on sexually transmitted diseases and the sex industry. …


The present study evaluates the impact of climate variability on water resources and population health in the coastal area of Cote d'Ivoire between Abidjan and Aboisso. First, hydroclimatic methods (Nicholson index) and statistical tests (Pettitt test, Hubert segmentation) were used for variability characterisation. Then, Thornthwaite Water balance method was used to evaluate water availability for aquifers recharge. Coefficient depletion method was also used to assess the impact of climate variability on surface water resources. The relationship between diseases occurence (AhigbeKoffikro and Samo) and rainfall pattern was evaluated through descriptive method. The results revealed important fluctuations of water resources levels at that time. The relationship rainfall-runoff showed with synchron trend that rivers flows regime was linked to rainfall. The impact on groundwater resources was explained by deficit of infiltrated water of about 35.49% and 22.61% after 1982 break at Abidjan airport and Bingerville stations respectively. Concerning health, 63% of malaria cases was observed against 2.85% for diarrhoea and 2.35% for helminthiasis. There was a strong relationship between rainfall and the diseases (malaria and diarrhoea).


In this essay I argue that the mediated responses to the Haiti earthquake reflect the racialization of pity and the privileging of a white view of the dark world as dysfunctional, childlike and dependent. This racialization has been cultivated and affirmed by mediated representations of disasters and their aftermath, particularly through the development of a narrative that places the fate of the dark world in the hands of a benevolent white one. I argue that the mediated discourse of pity exposes the subtle power relations existing between whites and blacks.


We report accurate index of refraction measurements and the first observation of optical parametric generation and amplification in hydrothermally‐grown KTiOPO4. By pumping with the second harmonic of a Nd:YLF laser system (526 nm), we have obtained picosecond pulses tunable from 600 nm to 4.3 μm.


A novel, photodefinable, high dielectric constant (high-k) nanocomposite material has been developed for embedded capacitor applications. It consists of SU8 as the polymer matrix and barium titanate (BT) nanoparticles as the tiller. The UV absorption characteristics of BT nanoparticles were studied with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The effects of BT nanoparticle size, filler loading, and UV irradiation dose on SU8 photopolymerization were systematically investigated. The dielectric properties of the photodefined SU8 nanocomposites were characterized. Embedded capacitors using the novel high dielectric constant SU8 composite photoresist were demonstrated on a flexible polyimide substrate by UV lithography method


Pten loss leading to constitutive PI3K/Akt/mTor activation is a well-characterized PCa survival pathway frequently activated in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Unfortunately, targeted mono-therapies to PI3K/Akt/mTor with or without anti-androgen therapy failed to achieve significant response in clinical trials with CRPC patients. The mechanisms that drive PI3K resistance in CRPC are unknown. The androgen receptor (AR) is also a major driver of prostate cancer (PCa) survival, even in CRPC. However, surprisingly very little is known about how AR promotes PCa survival. We previously identified an AR-dependent survival pathway in androgen-dependent tumor cells whereby AR induction of integrin α6β1 and adhesion to laminin in the tumor microenvironment activates NF-κB to induce Bcl-xL. This pathway acts in parallel to the PI3K/Akt pathway in Pten-null tumor cells such that combined inhibition of both PI3K and integrin α6β1 is required to effectively kill tumor cells and suppress tumor growth. While this drug combination was effective in androgen-responsive tumors in vivo, it poorly suppressed CRPC. Thus, we hypothesized there are additional survival mechanisms operating in CRPC. To identify CRPC survival pathways, we mined the gene expression data comparing androgen-sensitive to CRPC tumors in a series of human PDX LuCaP models. We found the hypoxia-inducible protein, BNIP3, to be preferentially elevated in CRPC tumors, and this correlated with increased integrin α6β1 expression and enhanced AR signaling. Furthermore, elevated BNIP3 predicts for poor outcome in PCa patients. We discovered that androgen induces BNIP3 expression specifically in CRPC C4-2 cell lines, but not the androgen-dependent parental LNCaP cells. BNIP3 expression is dependent on AR induction of integrin α6β1, adhesion to laminin, and nuclear translocation of HIF-1α. The CRPC C4-2 cells are highly resistant to PI3K inhibition by PX866 compared to LNCaP when adherent to laminin, and siRNA-mediated loss of integrin α6 or BNIP3 sensitizes these cells to PI3K inhibition. Blocking Bnip3 expression in C4-2 cells injected orthotopically into mice reduced tumor growth and induced apoptosis. BNIP3 can promote survival by activating autophagy and/or mitophagy. Even though autophagic flux was specifically enhanced in laminin-adherent CRPC C4-2 cells, but not in LNCaP cells, this was not dependent on BNIP3. WT BNIP3 can restore PI3K drug resistance in shBNIP3-expressing cells, but the BNIP3 ΔLIR mutant, which is unable to target mitochondria to autophagosomes, cannot restore drug resistance. We have identified an AR-dependent survival pathway in CRPC involving BNIP3-induced mitophagy that is dependent on and mediated by integrin α6β1 adhesion to laminin that promotes resistance to PI3K inhibition. Laminin is abundant in prostate tissue, lymph nodes, and bone—the primary sites for PCa growth. Thus, laminin within the tumor microenvironment of both primary and metastatic PCa drives drug resistance in CRPC. Citation Format: Eric Nollet, Sourik Ganguly, Veronique Schulz, Eva Corey, Cindy K. Miranti. Cell adhesion to laminin, by integrin α6β1, mediates drug resistance to PI3K in castration-resistant prostate cancer through AR-dependent induction of BNIP3 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A083.


Construction of teachers morality is the fundamentality of citizen′s ethic construction. In order to advance implementing the outline of citizen′s ethics construction positively, construction of teachers morality should persist in "people oriented, professional dedication". Meanwhile, in the guidance of the idea, we should deal well with the relations of teachers with students, householders, colleagues and knowledge.


According to the engineering geology survey and evaluation of the area of a limestone mine and indoor rock mechanics tests,the rock mass mechanics parameters were obtained in this paper.The thickness of insulating pillar and the stability of the goaf at present were analyzed using three theory methods and numerical simulation.The result showed that when the chamber width was 15 m and the pillar was 12 m,the thickness of the insulating pillar should be more than 12 m.


The rotational constants of Δ6‐bicyclo[3.2.0]heptene have been derived for the ground state (in MHz: A=4419.20, B=3080.16, C=2375.33) and several excited states of the low‐frequency vibrations of this molecule. The rotational constants were also derived for one monosubstituted 13C species in natural abundance. Stark effect measurements have yielded dipole moment components for the ground state of μa=0.201±0.001 D, μc=0.052±0.004 D, giving a total dipole moment of μ=0.208±0.001 D. These data are used to draw conclusions as to the conformation of this bicyclic compound.


A DIAD-mediated metal-free cross dehydrogenative coupling involving aliphatic tertiary amines and alpha-fluorinated sulfones leading to beta-fluorinated amines was developed. This protocol represents the first direct fluoroalkylation of C-H bonds with hyd


Abstract The morphology of freshwater Cladophora (Chlorophyta) in Japan forming balls was investigated, together with apparently closely related forms not forming balls, and the classification of these forms was re-examined. Cladophora Sect. Aegagropila in Japan has been classified variously by previous authors, based on the form of the aggregates, cell shape and other criteria. The alga is perennial, floating or attached to substrates, with filaments 0.3–3.5 cm long, branched laterally, opposite or sometimes secund, and with cylindrical or clavate cells. Its morphology changes during growth and is also influenced by the environment. Various forms grow in the same habitat in nature, while two different forms were seen to develop the same shape when grown under standard conditions in the laboratory. The present author therefore proposes to unite all the lake ball-forming forms reported from Japan into one taxon, Cladophora aegagropila (L.) Rabenhorst. The growth-form of the alga appears to be influenced by...


Community self-surveys, popularized by Margot Haas Wormser and Claire Selltiz in the 1950s, brought together diverse community groups to examine racial injustice in their local contexts. A precursor to contemporary participatory action research, the self survey method provides evidence of SPSSI's long history of "engaged scholarship." In this article, we resurrect this history and connect it to contemporary research in critical psychology that shares commitments to participation, methodological complexity, expanded notions of "expertise," as well as social and political relevance.


Indium(III) and tin(IV) thiocarboxylates were prepared and characterized on the basis of their IR, 13C- and 19Sn-NMR data. Indium tris(thiobenzoate) (1) decomposes into a sulfido complex In (S)[S(O)CPh] (2a). The corresponding tris(thioacetate) In[S(O)CMe]3 is thermally too unstable to be isolated. The anionic tetrakis complex [Et3NH]{In[S(O)CPh]4} (3) was characterized by X-ray crystallography which revealed a distorted tetrahedral coordination at the In atom. X-ray diffraction analysis of the complexes BuSn[S(O)CPh]3 (4) and Cl2Sn[S(O)CPh]2 (7) showed distorted tetrahedral and cis-octahedral structures, respectively.


The present invention relates to a method of performance analysis for the data network, wherein data from each network element in the asynchronous sampling time interval as the measurement samples are collected, and the data stored in the performance database. The performance database held by the local agent, which collected data is stored in the database, the data is processed to retrieve data from the database according to a request from the client, and viewing the data to the client. According to the present invention, a measurement sample by interpolation normalized, so that it is exactly the same as the samples Sampling time of presentation.


Upper and lower bounds on the spectral condition number of the coefficient matrix are computed for several Lagrangian and serendipity elements.


maximal functioning. If she is under a lot of stress with which she can just cope in the postmenstrual period,she may find herself unable to cope with it at her normal level of functioning, and will require support. This general state of decreased activity and slowingdown for preparation of implantation and pregnancy is also mirrored by physical symptoms. The muscles relax, leading to abdominal fullness and feelings of fatigue and lassitude. The breasts enlarge, and may become tender. The woman may feel her appearance is lessattractive, her eyes shadowed or acne may appear. Her appetite may increase, or food cravings may occur. The symptoms resemble those which occur in early pregnancy and, perhaps, understanding might be clearer if this phase of the menstrual cycle were regarded as a pre-pregnancy phase. What would have happened if a positive approach to the menstrual cycle had been taken 20 years ago? Some guesses could be made. First, women would have learnt to take advantage of the postmenstrual elevation of functioning. Second, a woman would be able to determine when her expectations of herself and the demands made on her by others would become too great, and modify her lifestyle accordingly. Third, research into the early symptoms of pregnancy may have yielded more specific results, which would have helped the small group of women with specific problems. To convert this to the current way of thinking, it must be stated that all women show cyclic changes in symptoms;':" that, under stress, many women consider themselves September15, 1984 THE MEDICAL JOURNAL OFAUSTRALIA


Taking into account the turn off time of the Q-switch, the coupled equations for a mid-infrared KTiOAsO4 optical parametric oscillator (OPO) are given. These rate equations are solved numerically and some key parameters for designing the laser system are determined. The key parameters include the optimal coupling and nonlinear crystal length which maximize the output power and OPO conversion efficiency. We found that a low-loss singly resonant OPO cavity not only enhances the mid-infrared output but also decreases the optimal OPO crystal length.


The invention relates to a multi-picture video display processing method, which processes the multi-picture video display by using a service network controlling a mobile terminal. The invention includes the following steps: A) the service network transmits a plurality of real-time video streams and coordinate data of corresponding respective display window endpoint positioned in a mobile terminal display screen through wireless channels; B) the mobile terminal receives the video streams and the coordinate data, and displays corresponding content of the video streams in corresponding display windows according to the coordinate data. The multi-picture video display processing method controls the multi-picture display of the mobile terminal through the coordinate data of the respective corresponding display window endpoint transmitted by the service network in a plurality of video streams which are corresponding to multiple pictures, and fulfills the multi-picture service and common display of graphics and text and video. The invention is particularly applicable to the mobile broadcasting network.


Abstract Based on predictions from social cognitive theory, this study examined the role of efficacy beliefs in the association between observation of parental divorce and relational communication skills in a sample of 111 premarital couples. Couples participated in a laboratory problem- solving interaction from which communication skills were assessed, in addition to trait skills measures. Hypothesized structural equation models indicated no consistent associations between parental divorce and either lower communication skills or relational self-efficacy. However, parental divorce was predictive of lower appraisals of partner relational efficacy for men and diminished beliefs in the feasibility of lifelong marriage for men and women. In addition, couples with a history of parental divorce appeared more accurate in appraising each other's relational efficacy in comparison with couples without a history of parental divorce.