A convenient – and quick to realize – approach for cathodic electrodeposition of TiO2 films is suggested. Scanning electron microscopic examination of the resultant films reveals the formation of mesoporous TiO2. Since dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical investigations on cathodically electrodeposited TiO2 films are hitherto unreported, we performed such investigations by sensitizing our mesoporous TiO2 films with cis-bis(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridine)bis(thiocyanato)ruthenium(II). The preliminary studies exhibit incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency (IPCE) above 35% in the first attempt.


To explore suitable synthesis parameters of efficient graft copolymerization on wool, the disulfide bonds in wool chains were reduced to sulfhydryl groups by the treatment of thioglycolic acid to wool, and then wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) was prepared by graft copolymerization of wool with glycidyl methacrylate by building a redox system between sulfhydryl groups and ammonium persulfate. The wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) was characterized by the analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric and x-ray diffraction. Influences of molar concentrations of monomer and initiator as well as reaction temperature on grafting ratios were investigated. The experimental results showed that the sulfhydryl groups/ammonium persulfate redox system built could effectively initiate graft polymerization of lipophilic glycidyl methacrylate on the wool surface in an aqueous medium. The suitable process parameters of graft copolymerization were: 0.6 mmol/L molar concentration of glycidyl methacrylate, 3.0 mmol/L molar concentration of ammonium persulfate, and reaction temperature of 50 ℃. At the suitable parameters, the grafting ratio of wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) showed a maximum value of 195.8 %, indicating an efficient graft copolymerization was achieved. The copolymerization could reduce the degree of crystallinity of wool. The wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) had higher thermal stability than raw wool at a temperature of below 406 ℃ by performing the thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the results, we successfully built new sulfhydryl groups on the wool/ammonium persulfate redox system, prepared the wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate), and this work will lay an important foundation for the application of wool-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) in the textile field.


The present invention provides a surgical instrument for guiding a drill into bone, the surgical instrument comprising; an elongate body comprising a shaft having a handle towards its proximal end and a head towards its distal end, wherein the head comprises a mouth and jaw assembly, and the shaft comprises a lumen aligned with the longitudinal axis of the shaft and extending from the proximal end of the surgical instrument to the mouth of the shaft, wherein the lumen is suitable for receipt and passage of a drill, and the jaw assembly comprises a pair of opposed reciprocating arms.


Introduction Andrew Chignell and Andrew Dole 1. Can God break the laws? Alvin Plantinga 2. Sleeping Beauty and the afterlife Linda Zagzebski 3. Free will, evil and divine providence Derk Pereboom 4. Two cheers for mystery! William Alston 5. The probability of the resurrection Richard Swinburne 6. Is God an unnecessary hypothesis? Peter van Inwagen 7. Direct warrant realism Keith DeRose 8. The epistemic authority of testimony and the ethics of belief Robert Audi 9. Kant on the rational instability of atheism John Hare 10. Does forgiveness undermine justice? Nicholas Wolterstorff 11. Can good Christians be good liberals? Philip Quinn.


As the children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders(ASD) are increasing, and study of intelligent robot is dynamically proceeding, therapeutic robots are needed to help ASD children who have a lack of social interaction, inadequacy of communication. This paper deals with the design and operation of a cat robot for the treatment. To configure the behavior based on the results of field experiments, emotional treatment is suggested and robot structure considering ASD characteristic is designed with some sensors. In addition, we verified the effectiveness of the operation by field test.


Abstract Background Based on early-20th century births, a pre-electric illumination time of comparatively normal human exposure to sunlight, studies of schizophrenia (SCZ) found a birth seasonality with two opposite effects: a SCZ-liability peak among subjects born around late-February and an equally significant SCZ-resistance peak among those born six months later, around late-August. We previously investigated this rhythm in connection with a sunlight-dependent bimodal rhythm of general births that, prior to the full advent of electric lighting (but not later), occurred ubiquitously in non-equatorial parts of the world. We found that the SCZ-liability peak coincided with a first, Feb-Mar peak of general-population births (the GP1) while the SCZ-resistance peak coincided with a second, Aug-Sep peak of those births (the GP2). Moreover, in a study of hand and visual-field preferences among professional baseball players, we found the SCZ-liability, GP1-coincident seasonality among players with preferences denoting cerebral asymmetry "deficits" (CADs) and the SCZ-resistance, GP2-coincident seasonality among those with preferences denoting cerebral asymmetry "excesses." Also, in a study suggested by associations of CADs with artistic abilities, we found the SCZ-liability, GP1-coincident seasonality among groups representing visual, performing and literary art "creators" (VPL-Artists) and the SCZ-resistance, GP2-coincident seasonality among groups representing art critics, historians, curators and other art "observers" (Para-Artists). Together, these findings suggested, as one possibility (but see later), that the SCZ-liability, CAD effects and artistic abilities could all three represent traits genetically or otherwise selected into the GP1 excess population of newborns and out of the GP2 population. The present study of "scientists" was initially aimed at the purported arts/science antithesis. Methods Birth seasonalities were examined among early-20th century born American scientists and among yet earlier European biologists and mathematicians. Results A group representing 1,925 American scientists showed the SCZ-resistance, GP2-coincident seasonality. However, this effect proved to be mostly due to biologists because biochemists, chemists, and physicists showed gradually less seasonality while mathematicians suggested an altogether artist-like, GP1-coincident seasonality. This intimation of a biologist-mathematician antithesis was pursued with an investigation of most major figures in the history of the two sciences from the 15th to the early-20th century. The two groups, numbering 576 mathematicians and 787 biologists, shared the same mean decade of birth, the 1780s, and essentially the same geographic origin in Western Europe. The mathematicians showed a very significant SCZ liability-like, GP1-coincident seasonality while the biologists showed an even more significant SCZ resistance-like, GP2-coincident seasonality. The latter effect was particularly strong among naturalists, anatomists and other groups representing biological "observationalism" as opposed to "experimentalism." Discussion The findings are discussed in light of a) new evidence that the annual photoperiod is indeed alone responsible for both peaks of general births, with the GP1 and the GP2 being caused by maternal periconceptional exposure to, respectively, the summer-solstice sunlight maximum and the winter-solstice minimum, and b) an approach/withdrawal theory of lateralization of basic emotions where the left cerebral cortex would handle external stimuli eliciting complacent emotions towards external realities while the right cortex would handle internal stimuli eliciting disdain for those realities.


The minimization of switching functions involving many variables is a difficult task. This paper presents a new minimization procedure that allows this process to be implemented with reduced computational effort. This procedure, designated as the directed-search algorithm, is applicable to both manual and computer-programmed minimization. The details of the algorithm are presented and illustrated by example. Comparative run-times between another minimization program and the directed-search algorithm, as implemented in Fortran, are also given.


the bioecology of barracuda the ecological aspects of the S. in the southwest Information is the life strategy S. for this the of in a to the maturity for this ABSTRACT. – To provide information for improving barracuda stock management on the Ivo- rian coast, the reproductive biology (length-weight relationship, sexual development and size at first maturity) of Sphyraena guachancho was studied in relation to the marine seasons and fish size classes. Samples were obtained between July 2010 and June 2011 from commercial fisheries in Abidjan fishing port. A total of 662 specimens (328 females, 334 males) with sizes rang- ing from 19 to 63 cm FL were analyzed. The sex ratio of Sphyraena guachancho was found to be slightly in favour of males (1: 0.98). The length-weight relationship is isometric for both sexes. The gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), condition factor (K) and percentage of mature individuals for both sexes reveal that the breeding period corresponds to the Low Cold Season, mainly during January. The size at first maturity of the Sphyraena guachancho population is 28.8 cm. It was not significantly different between males (27.8 cm) and females (30.3 cm). Sexual maturity was found to be earlier than measured in previous studies at different locations.


Aim To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of epilepsy in Shandong province and the treatment condition. Methods The investigation which was based on the questionnaire was fulfilled by applying the international diagnostic standard epilepsy and using the way of stratified random cluster sampling and door-to-door survey. Results The epilepsy life-time prevalence was 1.33‰, of which the prevalence was 1.35‰ in male and 1.31‰ in female. No difference was found between the male and the female. The epilepsy prevalence was 1.39‰ in rural areas and 1.20‰ in urban areas. No difference was found between rural areas and urban areas. The incidence of epilepsy was 18.69/100000 per year. Of all the seizure types, generalized seizure was 60.90% in total, partial seizure account was 34.33%, unclassifiable seizure account for 4.77%. The average age of first seizure occurrence was(15.37 ± 15.77) years old. Among those patients, 60.90% was diagnosed as idiopathic epilepsy and 39.10% was symptomatic epilepsy. Most of the people have not got regular treatment, the treatment gap was 54%. Conclusion The prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Shandong were lower than other areas in China. Epileptic seizure type was given priority to generalized seizure. Epilepsy was given priority to idiopathic epilepsy. The cause of symptomatic epilepsy was given priority to encephalitis. Epilepsy treatment gap was 54.33%.


Transfer-RNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) is implicated in regulating many cellular processes and is dysregulated in various diseases. We recently revealed that the 3′ end of the LeuCAG tRNA-derived small RNA (LeuCAG3′tsRNA) binds to two target sites in human RPS28 mRNA coding region and 3′ UTR, and unwinds their double-stranded secondary structure, which enhances RPS28 translation and subsequently regulates ribosome biogenesis. Inhibition of this tsRNA suppressed the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo, making it a bona-fide target for cancer therapeutics1. However, the functional conservation between species and the detailed mechanism by which the tsRNA regulates mRNA translation need to be determined in more detailed. Here, we showed that the target site in RPS28 coding region in human is highly conserved in many vertebrate species. While the 3′ UTR target site forms a double-stranded secondary structure with the translation initiation site (TIS) in human RPS28 mRNA, the functional 3′ UTR target site is not present in the species distantly related to human. We revealed that a conserved target site in the mouse Rps28 coding region was sufficient for tsRNA-regulated enhanced translation of the mRNA and cancer cell viability in mouse cell line. Moreover, we demonstrated that the tsRNA regulates mRNA translation after initiation in both human and mouse. Our results have implications for providing additional insights into the biological role of LeuCAG39tsRNA in post-transcriptional gene regulation and cancer cell viability.1. Kim, HK, et al. (2017). A transfer-RNA-derived small RNA regulates ribosome biogenesis. Nature: 1-21doi:10.1038/nature25005. Citation Format: Hak Kyun Kim, Jianpeng Xu, Kirk Chu, Hyesuk Park, Hagoon jang, Pan Li, Paul Valdmanis, Qiangpeng Zhang, Mark Kay. A Leu(CAG)-tRNA derived small RNA regulates ribosomal protein S28 after translation initiation in both human and mouse liver cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-343.


The electrode reactions of haloargentates were investigated in an aprotic and hydrophobic amide-type ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide (BMPTFSA) in the presence of the halide ions. Silver halides, AgX (X– = Cl–, Br–, and I–) were found to be soluble in BMPTFSA containing 0.5 M BMPX to form halogenocomplex, [AgX3]2–. The cathodic reduction of [AgX3]2– to metallic Ag was observed within the electrochemical potential window of the ionic liquid, while the reduction potential was lower than that in the ionic liquid in the absence of X–. The equilibrium potentials of [AgX3]2–/Ag were in the order of [AgCl3]2– > [AgBr3]2– > [AgI3]2–, probably reflecting the thermodynamic stability of the complexes. The diffusion coefficients of [AgCl3]2–, [AgBr3]2–, and [AgI3]2– were 2.5, 2.0, and 1.6 × 10–7 cm2 s–1, respectively. The morphology of deposits strongly depended on the reduction potential. The nucleation and growth mechanism of Ag deposition was considered to be progressive rather than instantaneous. Formation of Ag nanoparticles dispersed in the ionic liquids was confirmed after potentiostatic cathodic reduction at –2.5 V vs. Ag|Ag(I) using a transmission electron microscope.


In a recent article ("The Paradox of Not Voting: A Decision Theoretic Analysis," APSR, 68 [June, 1974], 525–536) John Ferejohn and Morris Fiorina suggest that a (potential) voter may be rational in deciding whether to vote and yet not use the expected-utility calculus introduced for this purpose by Downs and Tullock and extended by Riker and Ordeshook. The authors suggest that a rational voter, in deciding whether to vote, may use the minimax regret criterion due to the late L. J. Savage. Define the regret of an Act A as the difference, if the true state of nature were known (in advance), between the best expected payoff that could be obtained and the expected payoff that would be obtained by act A. Then the minimax regret criterion requires the decision maker to act in such a way as to minimize the maximum regret that he can suffer. They also discuss the fact that the minimax regret criterion does not require the voter to supply any (objective or subjective) estimates of the probabilities associated with the various outcomes of the election. Thus they feel that it is an attractive criterion for decision making under "uncertainty" as opposed to decision making under "risk."


Textile wastewater can disrupt the environmental equilibrium. One type of textile waste processing is the production of hydrogen gas as a new and sustainable energy source. The water electrolysis method may be used to convert textile waste into hydrogen gas. In this study, hydrogen gas was produced from textile waste in two stages: electroplating waste treatment with an electrocoagulator and then processing textile waste into hydrogen gas using an oxyhydrogen reactor. Various catalysts, including NaOH, KOH, NaCl, and NaHCO3, were used in the process of converting textile waste into hydrogen gas, with a concentration of 0.5 M and an electrolysis period of 5 minutes. The addition of a catalyst is intended to identify the optimal concentration in the conversion of textile waste to hydrogen gas. The optimal KOH catalyst concentration for obtaining hydrogen gas was determined through study and analysis.


This paper reviews the literature on benefits and (potential) problems from university patenting and licensing activity, based on 109 papers published between 1980 to 2004. Reasons for university patenting activities include positive influence on researchers' careers, prestige and earnings; additional research funds, access to other proprietary technology, equipment, or other opportunities; exchange of knowledge with industrial researchers, a test of the practical application of a theory. Main possible negative effects include undermining the culture of open science, diverting resources from long term fundamental research; diverting resources from teaching activity and reducing its quality. Policy implications and suggestions for further research conclude the paper.


The Literature on Information Literacy often assume that there is some inherent relation between Information Literacy and Information Technology and the concept of information literacy has been developed to meet the challenges generated by Information Technology in the form of Information Explosion. Such assumption also reflected in Information Literacy programs which are offered in the academic institutions. This paper argues that the concept of Information Literacy has been in use before the Information Explosion and it should be treated as an ability to understand the intricacies of information, as a tool for lifelong learning and a skill to use information effectively rather than giving more emphasis on technology,which can only make a computer literate who may be expert in using computer, but may not be able to evaluate and use the available information effectively.


Intangible cultural heritage is not only the historical memory of a nation and a region, but also the cultural link connecting the feelings of a nation and a region. With the development of the times, the protection of intangible cultural heritage is facing many problems, such as lack of non genetic inheritance and single traditional means of communication. The local government is one of the main bodies of the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage. How to play the role of local government in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage is a problem worthy of our serious consideration. Taijiquan, originated from Chenjiagou, Jiaozuo City, is one of the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in China. On December 17, 2020, it was listed in the representative list of human intangible cultural heritage of UNESCO. Taijiquan has an important position in China's intangible cultural heritage. Taking Taijiquan as an example, this paper analyzes the current situation and existing problems of the development of Taijiquan, and discusses the functions of local government in the protection and inheritance of intangible cultural heritage.


There is substantial decentralization of VAT administration in mainland Tanzania. Hiring of personnel is done in central office of VAT. There are 950 registered firms in the Arusha area. Returns and payments are made in the regional offices; check is made for del inquents in the central office, but nonfilers are contacted in the regional offices. Coordination of the work in the central office and the regional office is impeded by the lack of a direct computer link. There are serious problems with the educational backgrounds of the staff in the Arusha office and there are major procedural problems. Zanzibar, while a part of Tanzania, has considerable autonomy with a separate VAT Act, now essentially identical with the Tanzania Act. Zanzibar has a separate Revenue Board. As on the mainland, there are serious misunderstandings about the VAT. There is a widespread belief on the mainland that many transactions escape the Zanzibar tax and then enter the mainland duty free. Zanzibar officials insist that this is no longer true since the rates of the tax are the same in the two jurisdictions, but mainland firms are not convinced.


Over time, a changing environment has produced changes in the types of accounting information and in the dissemination of such information (financial reporting). Certain changes in the environment do impel changes in accounting. This paper examines various theoretical issues in accounting in a historical setting and provides some insight on the manner in which the accounting profession has responded to problems.


This paper mainly investigates a new active magnetic controller for small near-Earth-pointing satellites.In some real tests the three-axis magnetorquer only failed to keep the satellites in the pointing attitude,thus a biased momentum wheel is proposed to support the magnetorquer.Since the biased momentum wheel keeps a constant rate,the attitude controller is reduced to a simple active magnetic stabilization law during the normal stage.The control parameters designed by using a so-called orbit-averaged magnetic control have been tested on several typical orbits in the simulation part.The results show that the attitude control system performs considerably well in many cases,even though the pitch magnetorquer breaks down on a low inclination orbit,or the roll/yaw magnetorquer fails to work on a medial(or high) inclination orbit.


Study was conducted in 8 villages of Bikaner Panchyat Samiti of Bikaner district of Rajasthan. Total 120 T.V. viewing rural women and 60 non T.V. viewing rural women were selected randomly. Data were collected through personj;ll interview technique. On the basis of results of investigation it could be said that "Uncertainity of rains", "long dry spell", "lack of skill" and "lack of knowledge" were major constraints in the area of agriculture. While, in the area of Animal Husbandry "Low rating of quality produce", "vaccination is must" and "Need frequent veternary services" were some of the major constraints. Change in content, time and mode of presentation were some of the suggestions given by T.V. viewers to make T.V. programme "Chaupal" more effective.


Polygonal steel sections are widely used for lighting towers and are more and more adopted for transmission line towers. They convince with an inconspicuous appearance compared to steel lattice towers. Therefore, instead of flange connections "invisible" joints are preferred, such as slip joints. The European design rules for overhead electrical lines (1) cover the use of these joints very generally by a constant ratio of the overlapping length L and the section's diameter D. It is neither distinguished between load conditions nor between cross‐sectional shapes. The ratio value L/D = 1.5 is based on bending tests without regard to torsional moments. In the design of transmission line pylons, torsional loading occurs in the load case of a single‐side loss of a transmission line. Thus, there is a need to improve the knowledge on the load bearing effect of a slip joint connection within this special load case.


The review contains a systematization of the main approaches to the practical implementation of Mueller matrix polarimetry and the prospects for its application in biology and agriculture. The most typical optical layouts for measuring the Mueller matrix of various objects, such as disperse systems, tissues and surface structures, are discussed. Mueller matrix measurements, being integrated into standard schemes of conventional optical methods, such as scatterometry, optical coherence tomography, fluorimetry, spectrophotometry and reflectometry, can significantly expand their capabilities in the characterization of biological systems and bioorganic materials. Additionally, microwave Mueller matrix polarimetry can be used for monitoring soil conditions and crop growth. The proposed systematization is aimed at outlining the conceptual directions for the development of non-invasive diagnostic tools based on measuring the Mueller matrix, primarily with a focus on biological research and agricultural practice.


The transition metal pentatellurides HfTe5 and ZrTe5 have been observed to possess interesting electrical transport properties with high thermopower and low resistivity values leading to high thermoelectric power factors. We have investigated the effect of doping HfTe5 with rare-earth elements by measuring the power factor data from about 10K to room temperature on single crystals of Hf1−xRxTe5, where R=Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, and Ho. Samples that have been doped with Nd (Hf1−xNdxTe5) possess power factors more than a factor of 2 larger than that of the commonly used thermoelectric material Bi2Te3.


Abstract : This study examined the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) non-print collection to determine its composition and potential preservation issues. It determined how DTIC policies and practices affect long-term access, and recommended a course of action for future collection access. The non-print collection has very different requirements than DTIC's traditional technical reports collection. Text objects (technical reports) do not require the individualized attention and resources of the non-print collection. This study presents short- and long-term recommendations for balancing customers' need for long-term access with DTIC's need to make the most of finite resources. Rather than continuing to support all contributions equally regardless of long-term value, it suggests that DTIC develop a plan to emphasize those digital objects already in its collection and that merit long-term accessibility, and concentrate on development of a future collection that is preservation-ready. By guiding the development of a future collection, DTIC will continue to provide useful content and services to its customers. (5 tables, 24 refs.)


Abstract An application of a fixed-size sample (FSS) hypothesis testing algorithm to the problem of detecting shortages in the coal supply subsystems of thermal power plants is presented. Blockage of coal supply leads to the occurrence of possibly hazardous operating conditions; it is therefore treated as a fault, and its detection is posed as a fault detection and isolation (FDI) problem. Physical variables of interest are treated as stochastic processes, and the fault modeled as a change in their mean values. Application of the chosen change detection strategy to data taken from a real process is discussed in detail, and the performance of the algorithm is experimentally verified.


THERE is so much dissatisfaction with police methods and policemen in the United States that one might be pardoned for rushing to their defense with a few words of commendation. The policeman is denounced by the public, criticized by preachers, ridiculed in the movies, berated by the newspapers and unsupported by prosecuting officers and judges. He is shunned by the respectable, hated by criminals, deceived by everyone, kicked around like a football by brainless or crooked


We report the synthesis and full characterization of colloidal Bi2S3 nanocrystals with different sizes, showing a band gap variation up to 0.2 eV and pointing to quantum confinement effects. Polymer–nanocrystal solar cells have been fabricated to study the effect of the size and band gap change on the performance of the devices. We have found that smaller nanocrystals present a much higher Voc, pointing to a system with a reduced density of surface traps.


Energetic status and body size are inconstant bodily states often considered to have feedback effects on behaviour. Feedbacks can be negative, like starvation-threshold feedbacks (lower state values = increased risk taking due to higher energy need, and vice versa), or positive, like state-dependent safety feedbacks (higher state values = lower vulnerability when expressing risky behaviours, and vice versa). Few studies have investigated feedback effects during the early-life survival bottleneck of territorial species, when rapid growth is particularly important to maintain competitive ability. We investigated effects of body size and energetic status on the emergence latency into an unknown environment in highly territorial brown trout fry. We manipulated energetic status using high and low food rations in different combinations over two consecutive periods. In contrast to results from other small-sized fishes, no general behavioural effects of energetic state were detected, but larger fish had on average shorter emergence latency. Starvation-threshold feedbacks were not supported, but the size effect favours the presence of a state-dependent safety feedback. When individuals were split into clusters characterised by long (>34 s) and short (<34 s) emergence latency, a state-dependent safety feedback, based on energetic status, was found in the short-latency cluster. Positive state-dependent feedbacks may reflect the high level of competition among wild trout fry during the first summer, particularly among the more active individuals (i.e., from the short latency cluster). High state levels could be utilised to gain advantages over lesser competitors (e.g., to establish territories), particularly if the overall risk of starvation is higher than the risk of predation.


Interaction of intense x-ray and solid density Al plasma is studied via K-shell emission spectroscopy. A high fluence, high-intensity x-ray pulse from an x-ray free-electron laser unveils multiphoton ionization pathway and drives hidden resonances.


Objective: The aggressiveness seriously affects the physical and psychological health. Therefore, finding the factors and strategies that are effective on the relationship between these two, is important. We aimed to investigate the moderating effect of the cognitive emotional regulation skills on the relationship between aggressiveness and physical health. Methods: 150 students of University of Science and Research of Tehran were selected by cluster sampling method and responded to the questionnaire: The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire, the aggression questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the data. Results: The results show that 0.30 percent of the variance which has been observed in the relationship between aggressiveness and physical health is explained by the moderating effect of the cognitive emotional regulation skills. Conclusion: The cognitive emotional regulation strategies have a moderator role on the relationship between the aggressiveness and physical health. Therefore teaching these strategies allow individuals to control their aggression, as well as improve their physical health.


Objective
To analyze the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of acute eosinophilic pneumonia (AEP).

Methods
The clinical manifestation, radiology, and pathology were analyzed in one senile patient with AEP in Beijing Hospital following review of the literatures.

Results
The patient was a 75-year-old male presented with acute cough, expectoration, intermittent fever and hypoxemia.His chest CT showed patch shadows with a small amount of pleural effusion.Anti-infective treatment failed, the condition progressively aggravated.CT-guided lung biopsy demonstrated an AEP.After treatment with hormone, the condition improved.

Conclusions
As a rare disorder, AEP is often misdiagnosed as bacterial pneumonia, which is curable to glucocorticoid and has a good prognosis without recurrence.

Key words:
Acute eosinophilic pneumonia; Hypoxemia; Glucocorticoid; Diagnosis; Treatment


Purpose:To evaluate the optic disc topography after pan retinal photocoagulation (PRP) in diabetic retinopathy patients using confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT3). Methods:Thirty eyes of 30 diabetic patients (non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) underwent PRP for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Subjects with glaucoma or family history of glaucoma, any coexisting neuroophthalmic disease, uveitis, retinal artery or vein occlusion, corneal opacity or lasered previously were excluded from the study. Optic nerve head (ONH) of these patients were evaluated by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT3) at baseline, 3, and 6 months after completion of PRP. Results:There were 23 males and 7 females with a mean age of 51.8 years (36 to 67 y). The mean intraocular pressure was 13.1±2.57 mm Hg at baseline, 13.4±2.6 mm Hg at 3 months, and 13.3±2.2 mm Hg at 6 months (P=0.6). The global values of ONH parameters showed no significant change from baseline at 3 months. At 6 months, there was a significant increase in vertical cup:disc ratio (P=0.021), cup volume (P=0.036), mean cup depth (P=0.042), and maximum cup depth (P=0.05) as compared with baseline values. Conclusions:PRP induces significant changes in the ONH in patients with diabetic retinopathy as measured with HRT3. This is an important consideration in the diagnosis and evaluation of progression in glaucoma patients with diabetic retinopathy who have undergone PRP.


It is generally accepted that unstable ionospheric plasma waves moving at the ion-acoustic velocity (two-stream waves) are responsible for the so-called type 1 VHF radar echoes commonly observed at equatorial and auroral latitudes. These same waves apparently are also the source of type 4 echoes, which have sharply peaked spectra with unusually large Doppler shifts and are seen at auroral latitudes during sufficiently disturbed conditions. But how, exactly, is the observed Doppler shift, or equivalently the ion-acoustic velocity C{sub s}, related to the electron and ion temperatures The expression usually quoted, with occasional caveats, is the isothermal result C{sub s}{sup 2}=K(T{sub e}+T{sub i})/m{sub i}. The validity of the isothermal assumption has not been of much concern until recently, when the first simultaneous independent measurements of the temperatures and C{sub s} were made in Scandinavia. The authors argue here that, in fact, the electrons should usually be treated as adiabatic, with three degrees of freedom, while the ions may or may not be adiabatic (with only one degree of freedom), depending upon the temperatures, the altitude, and the radar frequency. In other words, the ion effects generally should be calculated kinetically. The differences between the two models in the computed wavemore » velocity are substantial ({approximately}20-40%). A comparison between European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) temperatures and wave velocities measured with the Cornell University Portable Radar Interferometer (CUPRI) shows good agreement with the model given here.« less


Protected cultivation is the concept of growing potential crops in the modified natural environment for ensuring optimum growth of the crop plants without any or least stress and hence offers great scope to harness this potential of growing the high value crops by achieving independence of climate and weather, and to grow these crops during off -season and in marginal environments. Globally, there is a need to increase productivity and quality of the produce to meet the demand of ever increasing quality and health conscious consumers. Hence, a breakthrough in production technology of high value crops such as, vegetables that integrates market driven safe foods/ products driven quality parameters with the production system by ensuring vertical growth in the productivity.


Emerging high-performance computing platforms, with large component counts and lower power margins, are anticipated to be more susceptible to soft errors in both logic circuits and memory subsystems. We present an online algorithm-based fault tolerance (ABFT) approach to efficiently detect and recover soft errors for general iterative methods. We design a novel checksum-based encoding scheme for matrix-vector multiplication that is resilient to both arithmetic and memory errors. Our design decouples the checksum updating process from the actual computation, and allows adaptive checksum overhead control. Building on this new encoding mechanism, we propose two online ABFT designs that can effectively recover from errors when combined with a checkpoint/rollback scheme. These designs are capable of addressing scenarios under different error rates. Our ABFT approaches apply to a wide range of iterative solvers that primarily rely on matrix-vector multiplication and vector linear operations. We evaluate our designs through comprehensive analytical and empirical analysis. Experimental evaluation on the Stampede supercomputer demonstrates the low performance overheads incurred by our two ABFT schemes for preconditioned CG (0.4% and 2.2%) and preconditioned BiCGSTAB (1.0% and 4.0%) for the largest SPD matrix from UFL Sparse Matrix Collection. The evaluation also demonstrates the flexibility and effectiveness of our proposed designs for detecting and recovering various types of soft errors in general iterative methods.


LOS ANGELES (.ft Sirhan Bishara Sirhan's trial on a charge o[ murdering Sen. Rot>ert F. Kennedy sputtered through opening-day leg ali lies Tuesday with the defense obtaining a day's delay. The delay will give Sirhan's lawyers time to wri I.e out a r Jquest to set aside his plea of innocent and obtain a new list. of prospect.ive jurors. His lawyers were denied a request for two juries, one to decide Sirhan's guilt or inooncence, the other to set the penalty if he is convicted. They also were denied a 3O-day delay to prepare the moUon on his plea and the jurY list. "It would b. silly to deny h. did It," onl Sirhln attorney, Grant B. Coop.r. told new.m.n aftar the hour.lnd-•• h.lf court ,a.,ion. The slight, 24-year-old Jordanian, aceused in the fatal shooting of t1ie New Yorker last June 5 at the Ambassador Hotel, was led by sheriff's deputies into the eighthfloor courtroom aft e r an elevator ride from his heaVily-guarded, 13th·floor cell. Neatly dressed ih a iTay suit, white, buttoDed-down shirt and blue tie, he waved to his attorneys and sat next to them at the leJit end of a long counsel table. At the rear wall directly behind hlm, his stocky mother, Mary, and dapper brother, Munir, 21, occupied two of the courtroom'l 75 spectator seats. The proceedings opened at 9:42 a.m. and ended at 11:15 a.m. Superior Court Judge Herbert V. Walker ordered a postponement until 2 p.m. today. Th. d.tenu propo .. 1 for • 3O-dlY H'ay elm. wh.n Inorn.y Cooper .,"'" fh.t Sirh.on', pl.1 of Innoelnt ... .ot ... Id. "for the ,01 •• nd only purpos. of making I motion to qu •• h the Indict· m.nt." He said some jurors might be able to try Sirhan on the question of his guilt or innocence, but might have inflexible opinions about the death penalty. Lynn D. Compton, chief deputy district attorney, argued that "We have one trial here. 'l'he jurY is going WI be asked to decide his guilt or innocence and punishment. Nothing is indicated here to deviate from standard formula." "The law is a living, growing thing," Cooper replied. "What the law was yesterday is not necessarily the law today, ... Walker deni.d the •• parlt •• juri •• motion but told Cooper that .fter Sir· han'. guilt or innoc.nc. is det.rmin.d he again could make the motion for • sep.rot. jury to d.termine pen.lty. Walker also turned down a Cooper motion thai prospective jurors be interrogated with wribten questions. The trial began with a closed session at Cooper's request in Walker's chambers, with prosecuUon and defense counsel and SU'han present. It lasted 50 minutes, but its pW'pose was not ex'plained in courl. Attorneys for both sides said the judge ordered them not to discuss it. Sirhan is charged with shooting Kennedy and wounding five bystanders lust aiter the sena·lor proclaimed his victory in California's June 4 Democratic presidential primary. Bystanders seized Sirhan after shots rang out as Kennedy walked through I crowded kitchen area oC the hotel.


ABSTRACT Mercury contamination has become a major concern in the Arctic, where elevated mercury deposition has led to large increases in mercury exposure for some Arctic wildlife over the past century. Chronic mercury exposure in birds is known to reduce reproductive success, which may ultimately result in population declines. Many species of Arctic-breeding shorebirds are declining, and exposure to environmental contaminants, such as mercury, may be an important factor. We quantified mercury exposure in 10 shorebird species breeding and staging in Alaska. We analyzed 229 blood and 73 feather samples collected in 2008–2009 for total mercury concentrations. Mercury in blood represents local exposure, whereas mercury in feathers reflects exposure during feather development. Concentrations of mercury ranged from 0.03 to 2.20 μg g−1 in shorebird blood and from 0.16 to 3.66 μg g−1 in shorebird feathers. Most shorebirds sampled during staging had relatively low blood mercury, but some breeding species had sufficiently high concentrations for potential adverse effects. Overall, blood mercury concentrations of breeding shorebirds differed by moisture content of their predominant foraging habitat, with the highest concentrations found in species using wet to aquatic habitats. We also found variation in mercury concentrations by age class and sex for some species, with females showing lower concentrations than males, but we found no relationship between the amount of mercury in feathers and in blood. The degree of mercury exposure seen in Arctic-breeding shorebirds may be of particular concern when combined with other ecological stressors, such as habitat loss, predation, disturbance, and climate change.


The study examines customer attitudes towards fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) retail outlets based on customer engagement, loyalty programmes, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty towards customer repurchasing decisions. More specifically, this study investigates the past, present, and future trajectories of loyalty programmes in South Africa. This study followed a descriptive and a quantitative research method. A non-probability sampling method was implemented using quota and convenience sampling. The study included a sample of 272 FMCG members that participated in the study. An adapted questionnaire was used as the data collection instrument in the study. This instrument contained 59 items on demography, behavioural, and psychographic customer relationship management (CRM) based variables. The data was collected through web-based questionnaires using Google Forms. Using SPSS 28 and AMOS 28, the data analysis included both descriptive and inferential analyses tools such as factor analysis, regression analysis, cluster analysis, and structural equation modelling.


In this study we hypothesised that the tissue distribution in growing pigs would differ between pigs housed on deep litter and pigs housed conventionally. We also expected the impact of housing type on fat deposition and distribution would be more pronounced during the finishing period because the proportion of fat deposited in the total gain increases with age.


The use in automobile blocks and other critical parts such as cam rods and valves requires superior surface properties. This has led to the development of thermally sprayed surface coatings for this type of component. To impert maximum band strength and superior wear resistance, a plasma sprayed aluminum based composite (Al-SiC) was found to be more suitable than current metallic or ceramic coatings. To eliminate inhomogeneities arising from blended powders, composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying of 6061 Al alloy with SiC particles. The concentration of SiC was varied between 20 and 75v/o. The size of the reinforcement was varied from 8 to 37μm in the Al-50v/o SiC composites. An organic process control agent was used to modify the morphology of the powders during mechanical alloying. The 44 to 140μm powders were sprayed using an axial feed plasma forch. Adhesion strength, hardness, abrasive and erosive wear resistance of the coatings were assessed.


[Objective] The aim was to study the prevention effect of EM bacterial liquid on yellow scour of suckling pig in early stage.[Method] Each 22 suckling pigs produced by each 2 sows among 14 sows were taken as one group(there were 6 tested groups and 1 CK group).The suckling pigs in tested groups were given EM original liquid 3,5 ml/pig by gavage after birth and were given EM original liquid 5,10,20 ml/pig after yellow scour appeared.The suckling pigs in CK group were not given EM original liquid and were given Lijunjing after yellow scour appeared.20 ml EM original liquid was added into the feed to raise nursing sow,the prevalence situation of the produced suckling pigs was studied.[Result] In EM gavage tests,total incidence of suckling pigs in tested groups was 6.06%,and that of CK group was 40.91%.1 suckling pig died when suckling pigs were given EM original liquid 5 ml/pig by gavage after yellow scour appeared,but there were no death phenomenon when suckling pigs were given EM original liquid 10,20 ml/pig by gavage after yellow scour appeared.When sows were raised with feed that contained 20 ml EM original liquid,the total incidence of the produced suckling pigs in 3 d was 16.92% and that in CK group was 49.62%.[Conclusion] EM bacterial liquid could effectively prevent yellow scour of suckling pigs in early stage.


Water insecurity—the lack of access to sufficient, safe water to meet all household needs—is an escalating challenge in all world regions. It is also associated with unfavorable mental health outcomes, like anxiety and depression. Often situated in the context of drought or general water scarcity, connections between water and mental health often manifest out of the unique characteristics of water—as an important economic and household resource, and one managed primarily by women. This article identifies recognized and theorized pathways between water insecurity and common mental health conditions, as mediated by broader socioeconomic systems in which households are embedded. To this end, we synthesize and connect different literature sets, including limited economic studies in a resource insecurity framework and a small but authoritative body of ethnographic literature. Our review identifies multiple proximate candidate pathways connecting water insecurity with mental health outcomes including community conflicts and/or perceived injustice around water sharing and upkeep, agricultural decline and unemployment, food insecurity or distress migration, decreased water intake, non-exposure to blue spaces, and stress around water management. The gendered role of water management is an overlapping theme across pathways, exposing women disproportionately to forms of conflict, violence, and injustice associated with the risk of common mental illness. In general, there are varied forms of marginalization that people experience within water-insecure contexts. Greater engagement between economics and other disciplines can lend additional theoretical pathways to empirically test the water and mental health connections, associated with people's water insecurity experiences.


Ultrasound is the initial imaging modality in evaluating ovarian pathology in women in a fertile state, establishing the diagnosis in most cases and without exposing them to large doses of ionizing radiation. In this article, we will describe the imaging findings of the main ovarian pathologies that generate pelvic pain and that are a reason for admission to the emergency room, as well as a brief review of each topic.


Acacia senegal belongs to the subgenus, Aculeiferum. It is an African arid and semi arid zone multipurpose tree species, highly valued for gum arabic production, agroforestry and desertification control besides other multiple uses. Genetic variation and resulting variable groupings were assessed using combined RAPD+ISSR markers within and among four Kenyan populations of A. senegal. Using 10 RAPD and 5 ISSR primers, a total of 55 polymorphic bands with an average of 3.6 polymorphic loci per RAPD+ISSR primer were detected. The mean Nei's gene diversity index (H) for the populations was 0.283 and mean observed number of alleles per locus (A) was 1.982. Much of the genetic variation resided within the populations based on the Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) (86%). The dendrogram derived using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic averaging (UPGMA) clustered the Garissa and Wajir populations in one group and the Samburu and Baringo populations in the other, reflecting geographical sub-structuring of the genetic diversity. It was therefore recommended that selection of desired important economic traits for improvement and conservation should target individual trees within populations and cover the entire ecological amplitude of the populations.


This paper proposes a Photovoltaic/Battery interfaced Quasi Z-source inverter based three-phase four-wire Hybrid Series Active Power Filter (HSAPF)to compensate the voltage and current related power quality problem in small distributed power system. The HSAPF consists of shunt passive filter and series active filterconsuming a battery. The shunt active filter mitigates the current harmonics generated by a nonlinear load. The series active filter mitigates the voltage sag/swell and load voltage harmonics, which consumes the power from Photovoltaic (PV) array with quasi Zsource inverter (qZSI). A new controller of qZSI based HSAPF uses two control schemes to boost the PV/Battery output voltage and achieve maximum power point tracking PV array. The simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the performance of proposed qZSI based HSAPF.


Carrying out distributed business processes over networks is rapidly shifting the nature of application architectures from the simple command and control client-server model to complex peer-to-peer models supporting dynamic patterns of social interaction and behavior among autonomous, proactive, goal oriented agents. Trusting agents to autonomously make decisions and execute actions on behalf of humans, as part of global business processes, requires both understanding and modeling of the social laws that govern collective behavior and a practically useful operationalization of the models into agent programming tools. In this article we present a solution to these problems based on a representation of obliged and forbidden behavior in an organizational framework, together with an inference method that also decides which obligations to break in conflicting situations. These are integrated into an operational, practically useful agent development language that covers the spectrum from the definition of organ...


Antiplatelet drugs are key tools for the prevention and elimination of cardiovascular disease. However, currently available agents are associated with a variety of adverse effects, and new therapeutically effective drugs with fewer or no side effects are urgently needed for effective medication.

The present in silico research aimed to determine the inhibitory potential of 50 phytochemicals on platelet function using computational methods.

The compounds first were subjected to molecular docking analysis with five chosen antiplatelet targets and the best compound with the lowest energy against each target was selected and analyzed in detail. These complexes were then considered for molecular dynamics simulation and binding free energy analysis. SwissADME and ADMETlab servers were also used to evaluate their drug-likeness and ADMET properties.

with the corresponding target were graveolinine against COX-1, sanguinarine against P2Y12 and PDE-3, rutin against GP-VI, and bisdemethoxycurcumin against PAR-1. Simulation of these complexes affirmed the binding stability between the ligands and the proteins. Root mean square deviation and root mean square fluctuation showed that in the case of PAR-1- bisdemethoxycurcumin, some fluctuations were observed during the simulation process. Calculation of the binding free energy indicated that in all systems the van der Waals energy made a significant contribution to the binding and stability of the system.

The result of this study could provide useful insights into the development of new lead antiplatelet agents.


The conversion of 2-chloropropane (2-CP) in the presence of oxygen has been investigated over a number of catalysts including alumina and alumina-supported copper chloride, manganese tungstate, mixed manganese−aluminum oxide, silica−alumina, and ZSM5 zeolite. Dehydrochlorination to propene + HCl is predominant, but other reactions such as oxychlorination to deeper chlorided compounds, cracking, oligomerization, and aromatization can occur. On silica−alumina, a selectivity to propene approaching 100% is found and very high conversion can be obtained above 400 K. Over this catalyst the reaction kinetics is found to be zero order in 2-CP with an activation energy near 14.5 kcal/mol. 2-CP converts definitely faster than 1-chloropropane. FT-IR spectroscopy shows that the molecular adsorption of 2-CP is fast and reversible at low temperature, while a nucleophilic substitution occurs to give strongly adsorbed 2-propoxide species starting from near 373 K. The elimination reaction of 2-propoxide to gas-phase prope...


Kumaraswamy Vela Velupillai74 presents a constructivist perspective on the foundations of mathematical economics, praising the views of Feynman in developing path integrals and Dirac in developing the delta function. He sees their approach as consistent with the Bishop constructive mathematics and considers its view on the Bolzano-Weierstrass, Hahn-Banach, and intermediate value theorems, and then the implications of these arguments for such "crown jewels" of mathematical economics as the existence of general equilibrium and the second welfare theorem. He also relates these ideas to the weakening of certain assumptions to allow for more general results as shown by Rosser51 in his extension of Godel's incompleteness theorem in his opening section. This paper considers these arguments in reverse order, moving from the matters of economics applications to the broader issue of constructivist mathematics, concluding by considering the views of Rosser on these matters, drawing both on his writings and on personal conversations with him.


Heavy metals are one of the important classes of environmental hazards. They become toxic, when they are not metabolized by the body and accumulate in the soft tissues. Heavy metals may enter the human body through food, water, air, or absorption through the skin when they come in contact with humans in agriculture and in manufacturing, pharmaceutical, industrial, or residential settings. As many heavy metals are mutagenic and clastogenic, they cause teratogenic or carcinogenic effects. Dhaincha (Sesbania cannabina (Rets.) Pors., Fabaceae) is a multipurpose legume crop and is adaptable to adverse climatic conditions such as water logging, drought etc. and is widely used as green manure crop. Effects of lead on germination percentage, survival percentage, pollen fertility and meiotic divisions of S. cannabina were studied. For this purpose soaked seeds of S. cannabina were treated with different concentrations of lead nitrate solution i. e. 25, 50, 100 and 200 ppm for 3 h and treated seeds were sown to raise the population. There was dose dependent effect of the mutagenic treatments on chromosomal aberrations and pollen fertility. Increase in various types of meiotic aberrations and reduction in pollen fertility percentage were observed at all the doses of treatment. Higher frequency of chromosomal anomalies was observed at maximum dose of treatment.


The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to explore the meditating role ofemployee motivation in the relationship between post-selection Human Resource Management (HRM) practices and perceived performance of Islamic Banks operating in Pakistan. This study was based onprimary data collected from 200-employees of different Islamic banks in Pakistan by distributing structured and reliable questionnaires. The demographic profile of respondents was diversified in terms of their grade, age, experience and education. Results of correlation analysis revealed that training & development(r = .829), performance evaluation system (r = .752), career development system (r = .666), extrinsic rewards (r = .921),intrinsic rewards (r = .852) and employee motivation (r=.722) have strong positive association with perceived performance of Islamic banks in Pakistan. Results of hierarchical regression analysis supported that post-selection HRM practices have positive impact on perceived organizational performance and employee motivation acts as mediator in the relationship between post-selection HRM practices and perceived organizational performance. Proper implementation of post-selection HRM practices makes employee motivated that resulted in improved organizational performance. Management of Islamic banks desiring optimum performance should pay special attention to need-based training programs, merit-based performance appraisal system, development of progressive career paths, performance-based extrinsic and intrinsic rewards management. While making HRM policies, employee motivation should be given paramount importance as the results of contemporary studies supported that it is the major contributing factor of higher organizational performance.


This research studied multifunctional sensing capabilities on nanocomposites composed of poly(vinylidene) fluoride (PVDF), BaTiO3 (BT), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) fabricated by fused-deposition modeling 3D printing. To improve the dielectric property within BT/PVDF composites, CNTs have been utilized to promote ultrahigh polarization density and local micro-capacitor among BT and polymer matrix. The 3D printing process provides homogeneous dispersion of nanoparticles, alleviating agglomeration of nanoparticles, and reducing micro-crack/voids in matrix which can enhance their dielectric property. In this research, we demonstrated that by utilizing unique advantages of this material combination and a 3D printing technique, sensing capabilities for temperature and strain can be engineered with different content variations of included BT and CNTs. It is observed that the sensing capability for temperature change with respect to a 25–150℃ range can be improved as both BT and CNTs' inclusions increase and is maximal with 1.7 wt.% CNTs/60 wt.% BT/PVDF nanocomposites, while the sensing capability for strain change in a 0–20% range is maximal with 1 wt.% CNTs/12 wt.% BT/PVDF nanocomposites. In addition, it is found that the best combination for mechanical toughness is 1 wt.% CNTs/12 wt.% BT/PVDF with 24.2 MPa and 579% in ultimate tensile strength and failure strain, respectively. These results show the technique to 3D print multifunctional nanocomposites with temperature and strain sensing capabilities as well as increased mechanical property. Furthermore, this research demonstrated the feasibility for large-scale multifunctional sensor device manufacturing with freedom of design, low-cost, and an accelerated process.


The call to restructure American education has captured the imagination of reformers across the country, yet it has not produced a coherent agenda for changing schools. This study investigates how the structure of secondary schools affects learning. Using a sample of 9,631 studenti in 789 U.S. high schools with 3 waves of data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), it extends an earlier study that demonstrated positive effects of high school restructuring not only on learning but also on its equitable distribution by social class. The more recent study addresses two questions: Do the positive effects of restructuring practices persist throughout the high school years? Which organizational attributes contribute to these effects? The study examined achievement in mathematics and science at the 8th, 10th, and 12 grades to answer these questions. Although students learned somewhat less in the last 2 than the first 2 years, the positive effects were sustained throughout high school. More important, particular features of the social, structural, and academic organization of high schools explained the restructuring effects identified in the earlier study. The study identifies larger organizational factors that make some high schools better places in which to learn than others. It recommends that educators and policymakers shrink the bureaucracy; create smaller places within schools (for example, schools-within-schools); develop cooperative social relations within schools; and emphasize academic pursuits. Three tables and six endnotes are included. The appendix explains how the measures used in the study were constructed. (LMI) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Understanding Sigh School Restructuring Ilffects on the Ilquitable Distribution of Learning in Mathematics and Science Valerie E. Lee University of Michigan Julia B. Smith University of Rochester Robert G. Croninger University of Michigan Revised January 5, 1996 FINAL DELIVERABLE TO OERI U S DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educahonal Research and irnprow,men'. EDU ATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced fis received from the person or organization originating it 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represt nt official OERI position or policy We conducted this research under the auspices of the Center on Organization and Restructuring of Schools, University of Wisconsin-Madison, with funding from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education (Grant No. r117Q000005). We are very grateful to Anthony S. Bryk for advice on growth curve modeling with a limited number of timepoints. we have benefited from the advice of our colleagues at the Restructuring Center at many points in this study. 2 BEST COPY AVAILABLE Explaining Restructuring Effects on Achievement Gains Understanding Nigh School Restructuring Effects on the Equitabls Distribution of Learning in Mathematics and Science .


Abstract This study examines the effect of oil composition (including the anti‐static agent ‐ alkyl ether sulfate) on the physical properties and spread width of polyester multifilament for spinning a composite yarn. The results show that the solid content and viscosity of a special oil are slightly lower than normal oil, which reduces the stickiness of the spreading multifilament. Also, the coefficient of kinetic friction μk and electrical conductivity of oiled polyester multifilaments are higher than normal oil in order to conduct and store charges, and to divide easily and spread widely to maintain good spreading performance. The content of the anti‐static agent is the most important component of a special oil. For example, the amount of alkyl ether sulfate (RO(CH2CH2O)nSO3Na) should be 14% to reduce electrical resistance, and increase spreading performance. Furthermore, the number n of oxyethylene groups(CH2CH2O) on alkyl ether sulfate is 2 or 3 in order to maintain a lower electrical resistance and w...


An experiment was conducted to investigate the growth and energy allocation of juvenile brown flounder,Paralichthys olivaceus during thermal manipulation.During the stress period,the 17.5 ℃ acclimated juvenile brown flounder were cultured at 8.5 ℃(T8.5),13.0 ℃(T13.0),17.5 ℃(T17.5),22.0 ℃(T22.0),and 26.5 ℃(T26.5) for 10 d.At the end of the stress period,the fish in T22.0were larger than the other treatments in wet mass,dry mass,protein,and energy content,and except for dry mass,were not significantly different from those in T17.5 and T26.5.The temperature induced growth differences were completely compensated in 30 d after the temperatures were adjusted to 22.0 ℃.Through the stress period,less feed ingestion and a smaller fraction of energy allocated to growth mainly depressed the growth of fish at low temperatures(T8.5 and T13.0),whereas a smaller fraction of energy allocated to growth accounted for the slow growth in T17.5and T26.5.When the fish was kept at low temperature,the energy lost in feces and respiration decreased the energy allocated to growth.Whereas it was the higher proportion of excretion energy that caused less energy being allocated to growth for fish kept at high temperature.During the second 10 d period after temperature adjusting,fish in T8.5,T13.0,T17.5,and T26.5 ingested more feed than T22.0.But no significant difference in ingestion was observed for the whole period after temperature adjusting and the energy allocations among growth,feces,excretion,and respiration show no treatment specific difference.Hence it was concluded that compensatory growth was achieved mainly by short-term increaes in feed intake(hyperphagia).For the whole period after temperature adjusting,the daily unit body weight energy ingestion and growth in T8.5,T13.0,T17.5,and T26.5were significantly higher than in T22.0.Thus the fish exhibited compensatory growth.Through the whole experimental period,fish in T8.5 ingested less feed than in the other treatments.But they allocated more energy to growth than the other treatments because they lost less energy in excretion and respiration.Different temperature experiencing changed the protein and energy content of juvenile brown flounder and the energy content of fish in T8.5 and T26.5 were still significantly different from those in T22.0.The above results indicated that juvenile brown flounder show flexibility to temperature changes and short-term temperature change would not impact their long-term growth.


We brute-force evaluate the vacuum character for $\mathcal N=2$ vertex operator algebras labelled by crystallographic complex reflection groups $G(k,1,1)=\mathbb Z_k$, $k=3,4,6$, and $G(3,1,2)$. For $\mathbb Z_{3,4}$ and $G(3,1,2)$ these vacuum characters have been conjectured to respectively reproduce the Macdonald limit of the superconformal index for rank one and rank two S-fold $\mathcal N=3$ theories in four dimensions. For the $\mathbb Z_3$ case, and in the limit where the Macdonald index reduces to the Schur index, we find agreement with predictions from the literature.


Enterprises will be more flexible to organize production, more agile to meet individual customer custom in the age of Industry 4.0, which requires the manufacturing enterprise training must comply with the trend and reform soon. Through investigating different types of manufacturing enterprises, and analyzing typical case, manufacturing enterprises should analyze the main problems existing in the training system based on Industry 4.0. The research shows that the orientation of staff training will focus on Intellectualization, the professional ability of employees will be transferred from a single structure to a compound structure structural transformation, staff training will be promoted from single ability to compound ability, the improvement of employees' innovation ability will be the core of training the heart demands, lifelong education will be the core of the enterprise staff training system. The paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on employee training from training needs analysis, training plan, training courses, training teachers, training organization and implementation, training effect evaluation, training support, training achievement transformation.


This paper presents a comprehensive description of the Ant multilingual recognition system for the 6th Oriental Language Recognition(OLR 2021) Challenge. Inspired by the transfer learning scheme, the encoder components of language iden-tification(LID) model is initialized from pretrained automatic speech recognition(ASR) networks for integrating the lexical phonetic information into language identification. The ASR model is encoder-decoder networks based on U2++ architecture [1]; then inheriting the shared conformer encoder [2] from pretrained ASR model which is effective at global information capturing and local invariance modeling, the LID model, with an attentive statistical pooling layer and a following linear projection layer added on the encoder, is further finetuned until its optimum. Furthermore, data augmentation, score normalization and model ensemble are good strategies to improve performance indicators, which are investigated and analysed in detail within our paper. In the OLR 2021 Challenge, our submitted systems ranked the top in both tasks 1 and 2 with primary met-rics of 0.0025 and 0.0039 respectively, less than 1/3 of the second place 1 , which fully illustrates that our methodologies for multilingual identification are effectual and competitive in real-life scenarios.


To select appropriate fine Camellia varieties growing in Longyan region,2 years cultivation experiment was conducted for30 varieties of Camellia respectively introduced in Xinluo,Shanghang and Changting. The results showed that growth of ground diameter and tree height performed significant differences among varieties,and Hongshan No. 1 displayed the maximum ground diameter growth( 1. 42 cm),Xinluo No. 2 displayed the maximum tree height growth( 101. 5 cm). Min No. 43 and Gan No. 9 exibited high adaptability and were expected to be the dominant Camellia varieties in Longyan.


The Facebook network allows its users to record their reactions to text via a typology of emotions. This network, taken at scale, is therefore a prime data set of annotated sentiment data. This paper uses millions of such reactions, derived from a decade worth of Facebook post data centred around a Sri Lankan context, to model an eye of the beholder approach to sentiment detection for online Sinhala textual content. Three different sentiment analysis models are built, taking into account a limited subset of reactions, all reactions, and another that derives a positive/negative star rating value. The efficacy of these models in capturing the reactions of the observers are then computed and discussed. The analysis reveals that binary classification of reactions, for Sinhala content, is significantly more accurate than the other approaches. Furthermore, the inclusion of the like reaction hinders the capability of accurately predicting other reactions.


To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of the Eupatorium adenophorum.14 compounds were determinated:(3β)-lup-20(29)-en-3-yl-stearate(Ⅰ),Dammara-20,24-dien-3-ol-3-acetate(Ⅱ),Heptadecanoic-acid-methylester(Ⅲ),(1S*,6R*,7R*,10R*)-Cadin-4-en-7-ol(Ⅳ),epifriedelinol(Ⅴ),2-deoxo-2-(acetyloxy)-9-oxoageraphorone(Ⅵ),twenty-three-alkanol(Ⅶ),stigmasterol(Ⅷ),Benzoxazole,2,2'-(1,4-naphthalenediyl)-bis(Ⅸ),7-oxoagera phorone(Ⅹ),ferulic acid(Ⅺ),taraxasteryl palmitate(Ⅻ),2-hydroxycinnamic acid(ⅩⅢ),(-)-(5S*,6S*,7S*,9R*,10S*)-7-hydroxy-5,7-epidioxycadinan-3-ene-2-one(ⅩⅣ).Compound I,Ⅳ,Ⅸ were isolated from this plant for the first time.The inhibition effects of compound Ⅰ,Ⅲ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ and Ⅸ had been tested by method of spore germination and the result showed that the compound Ⅰ had strong inhibiting effect on the Peronophthora litchii which EC50 values was 86.9 μg/mL.


The combination of online education and traditional education provides many advantages in higher education. Therefore, many universities offer online elective courses for students to learn online. However, little is known about the learning experience of students after completing the online course. On the basis of the Universal Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), this study attempts to examine college students' continuous intention to use online course platforms through empirical research. Results show that performance expectancy, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, content quality is positively related to college students' attitude towards online course platforms; Perceived cost and use attitude also is negatively related to students' continuous intention. However, social influence did not affect college students' attitude towards online course platforms. These findings provide new ideas for the design and development of online course platforms.


In this paper, we present a joint power control, link scheduling and rate control (PSR) algorithm for wireless ad hoc networks by using the convex optimization theory. This algorithm practically considers the power control problem in the interference-based link scheduling process, and provides a congestion control on the transport layer. Both our theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that the PSR algorithm can converge quickly and is possible for distributed implementation in the wireless ad hoc networks.


One of the biggest challenges for the safe maize production is the yield stability in a wide range of environments with different soil fertility, weather conditions, prevailing pests and diseases as well as cultural practices. In order to achieve it, new hybrids with higher tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress are continuously being created. In order to compare performance of maize hybrids in environments with different levels and types of stress, and relate it to the stalk lodging incidence, we compared performance of 64 maize hybrids obtained by crossing 16 inbred lines with four inbred testers in three different environments. Two environments at same location (Rugvica) differed in crop rotation, and the third environment at location Botinec was considered as dry because of low water capacity of the soil. Mixed models that included all design elements and genetic background of hybrids were used to analyze the effect of lodging on yield in different environments. The results show that stalk lodging had a significant effect on yield, but significant lodging x environment interaction indicates that this effect was rather environment specific.


Recently, a biological approach to synthesizing materials via environmentally friendly green chemistry-based techniques involving natural materials such as plants, bacteria, fungi, seaweed, polysaccharides, biodegradable polymers, plant-derived materials and algae has been employed as an alternative method for the synthesis of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. With increasing enthusiasm for efficient green chemistry, biosynthetic routes for fabricating nanoparticles have aroused much interest because they are environmentally benign, simple, economic, and clean technology; they do not involve hazardous chemicals, and they have zero contaminants and by-products. Of these bio-entities, plant extracts have received great attention due to their ability to reduce and stabilize metal nanoparticles in a single-step synthesis using their distinct natural traits. Due to their diverse and complex compositions, natural organic phytoconstituent biomolecules existing in plant extracts such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids and tannins act as reducing and stabilizing agents. This paper provides an updated review of recent literature on metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, such as those containing silver, gold, palladium, platinum, zinc oxide, iron, titanium, ceria and magnetite, and the transformations, directions and current uses of green synthesis methods using plant extracts. The challenges, limiting factors and future direction of the plant-based synthesis of metal nanoparticles are also highlighted in this review.


Self-collection of mid-nasal swabs (SCNS) at home is a convenient alternative to health-care worker-collected nasal swabs (HCWC) for determining the pathogen-specific epidemiology of influenza-like illness (ILI). We evaluated the compliance and performance characteristics of SCNS vs. HCWC for respiratory pathogens during 2019-2020 flu season.

 Adult Military Health System (MHS) beneficiaries were enrolled in an influenza vaccine effectiveness trial (PAIVED). Following vaccination, subjects were instructed on SCNS and completion of a symptom diary and were contacted weekly to ascertain ILI symptoms (fever, sore throat, and/or cough). In the event of an ILI, subjects completed the symptom diary and SCNS and were scheduled a clinic visit for HCWC. Swabs were tested with the Luminex NxTAG® Respiratory Pathogen Panel. We evaluated compliance with swab collection, positive percent agreement (PPA) of SCNS using PCR detection from either HCWC or SCNS as the reference standard, and agreement between paired swabs using the Cohen Kappa coefficient (Κ).

 1808 ILI were reported by 972 participants enrolled during the study period. Compliance with HCWC was higher than SCNS (58% [1042] vs. 42% [766]; p< 0.001). SCNS were associated with a shorter interval from symptom onset (median: 4 days [IQR:2-6 days] vs. clinic collect: 7 days [IQR:4-9 days]; p < 0.001). 663 paired swabs were available for 609 participants (Table 1). The overall detection rate was higher in SCNS (36%) than HCWC (26%; p< 0.001) (Figure 1). The overall PPA was 85.7% and a PPA of approximately 80% of greater was observed for influenza, rhino/enterovirus, parainfluenza and respiratory syncytial virus. Agreement between paired swabs was poor due to the lower detection rates in HCWC.
 Table 1. Demographics and swab collection data for 609 participants who provided 663 paired swabs

 Figure 1. Detection by pathogen in 663 paired swabs

 SCNS were associated with higher detection rates compared to HCWC, likely due to the shorter interval between symptom onset and swab collection. Strategies to improve compliance with SCNS and minimize the interval between symptom onset and swab collection are needed to optimize detection of respiratory pathogens in this MHS cohort.

 Ryan C. Maves, MD, EMD Serono (Advisor or Review Panel member)Heron Therapeutics (Advisor or Review Panel member) Jitu Modi, MD, GSK (Speaker's Bureau)


TRANSFER SYSTEM INFORMATION comprises equipment located on the first or storage (10) and an additional equipment located in a second or place of use (11). Placements are interconnected to transmit information to each other by a media outlet (12). The system includes ELEMENTS AND METHODS TO ENHANCE EFFECTIVE FREQUENCY TRANSFER information through an information medium (12). These elements and methods include data compression INCLUDES DATA COMPRESSION iteratively. Elements and methods further include superimposing SYNCHRONIZED CHANNEL FORMING A media outlet (12). The communication means (12) may include a RED TELEFONICA mobile cellular to allow transmission of information between Mobile Stations (311, 312) CELLULAR AND RECEIVERS (217).


To determine the content of trehalose in transgenic Aloe by gas chromatography(GC),1-Methyl-imidazol,Hydroxylammonium chloride and Acetic anhydride were used to derivative the trehalose.The difference of the retention time among the same carbohydrate derivatives is 3s by this method.And it can separate the glucose,milk sugar,sucrose and trehalose clearly.The results showed a good linear relationship within a range from 3.697×10-9 g to 28.661×10-9 g,and the liner correlation coefficient of the trehalose is 0.998 6.The content of trehalose in the three-year,five-year aloe(Aloe vera.L) and aloe transformed by ostA were determined by GC.The results show that the trehalose of the five-year aloe(Aloe vera.L) is 1.59 times as great as the three-year.The content of trehalose in five-year aloe is 1.103×10-5 g per 10g,and 6.905×10-6 g per 10g in three-year aloe.The content of trehalose is 1.614×10-5 g per 10g in aloe transformed by ostA which is 2.33 times as great as the three-year aloe(Aloe vera.L).The results prove that the ostA gene from E.coli is successfully transformed to aloe and expressed.


Chinese aid motivations are heatedly debated. As China has different norms and practices, traditional donors, recipient countries and researchers are curious about the objectives and aspirations of Chinese aid. Some are concerned that China is reluctant to ally with traditional donors and that it is providing an alternative to foreign aid from traditional donors, thus challenging the traditional aid regime.


Investigations were made of the spectral and energy characteristics of stimulated emission from doped molecular crystals at 4.2 °K. The molecular crystals used were naphthalene, biphenyl, dibenzyl, and fluorene, doped with derivatives of diarylethylenes and diaryldivinylbenzenes, naphthacene, azulene, anthracene, and others. The crystals were excited in the impurity absorption band by the third harmonic of a neodymium laser. The stimulated emission from the doped crystals at 4.2 °K was characterized by a narrow line (0.5–5 cm−1) and a stable emission frequency, which did not depend on the excitation energy or the impurity concentration. The stimulated emission from most of the crystals could be tuned continuously in a narrow frequency range by varying the sample temperature. The threshold pump energy density, the coefficient of conversion of the pump energy into stimulated emission energy, and the volume density of the stimulated radiation were determined. The prospects for using molecular crystals at 4.2 °K in laser engineering are discussed.


Minimum bias estimation was suggested as an alternative to least squares for polynomial tits by Karson. Manson, and Hader (1969). To use this alternative, a combination of least squares estimates of coefficients of the model order fitted, and of the additional model order whose bias is being guarded against, needs to be calculated. Individual estimation of the higher-order coefhcients is usually not necessary, and the question of finding parsimonious designs that provide only those combinations of estimated coefficients that are needed is explored. Some specific types of designs are suggested, including a new type of second-order rotatable design consisting of combinations (in k dimensions) of two-dimensional equiradial point sets.


We state a general formula for the number of binomial coefficients $n$ choose $k$ that are divided by a fixed power of a prime $p$, i.e., the number of binomial coefficients divided by $p^j$ and not divided by $p^{j+1}$.


The notation of finite elastic theory for compressible rubber-like materials is introduced. The mechanics of data reduction, needed to determine the parameters of the theory, are displayed. the material properties of TR-55 rubber and silicone rubber cushions are obtained. The constitutive relation, with the material properties, correlates all uniaxial compressive data to a high degree of accuracy. The force-deformation relations of thin sheets of TR-55 in compression have been obtained. Further studies, both theoretical and experimental, on TR-55 thin sheets are needed to determine the force-deformation relation. 11 figures.


Introduces the characteristics of topology optimization and bionics, proposes the steps and method of using MSC.Patran to establish the model of the wing structure topology optimization, and through to illustrate the feasibility of the method and the application value of the wing structure topology optimization and bionics design. Key words: topological optimization; wing structure; bionics design ;finite element; MSC Patran;MSC Nastran


Introduction. It is appropriate to include the organizational and management structure and relevant units that develop and make management decisions in the field of investment, as well as managers with the appropriate level of professional training, for whom the rights, duties and responsibility. At the same time, the formation of the organizational structure of management of investment processes at the enterprise is influenced by many factors, in particular, the size of the enterprise, forms and volumes of investment activity, organizational and legal form, etc.
Methods. In the process of conducting research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: systematic approach, comparative, dialectical, abstract and logical methods.
The results. It has been proven that the process of creating a management system for innovation and investment activities with an appropriate organizational structure consists of organizational, administrative and technical measures that require initial investments. These organizational measures should include a set of measures to coordinate the activities of developers and users of the investment activity management system, which are bound by resources and deadlines. In order to form a system of information support for the process of substantiating and making a decision on investment in agricultural production, the model has structural subdivisions that allow assessing the capabilities of the enterprise and investors in relation to the implementation of a specific investment project. The characteristic features of the management of innovative and investment activities of agricultural enterprises are singled out: the dominance of investments in real investments; the main goals involve the implementation of tasks of a tactical nature; lack of a special unit for coordination and regulation; the investment decision is taken collegially; among the project documentation, a business project is most often developed; there is no practice of developing documents for operational management of the "capital budget" and "calendar plan" during the implementation of an investment project.
Discussion. Under the conditions of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine, business entities are forced to radically change the management system of innovation and investment activities, focusing mainly on the use of their own financial resources. In this regard, there is a need to form a system of organizational support for attracting investments in the implementation of innovative projects aimed at increasing the volume of production of products with a high level of added value by subjects of entrepreneurial activity in the field of agribusiness.
Keywords: innovation, investment, activity, agricultural enterprise, information.


A low power, high resolution, small area digitally-controlled oscillator (DCO) designed with TSMC 65nm CMOS technology is presented in this paper. The proposed design operates between the frequency range of 1.8 GHz and 2.2 GHz. The proposed system uses ring oscillator architecture with 4 stages of delay cell which is preferred due to its high stability and capability to operate with 6.10 kHz resolution. The active area of the DCO is 0.00037 mm2 and power consumption varies between 0.6 mW and 1.6 mW for the supply voltage of 1.2 V. Monte Carlo simulation is performed, which gives a deviation of 7.4%, which proves the stability of the design.


Several typical wireless receiver architectures are introduced in this paper.Different receiver architectures are compared,and the performance and integration performance of those architectures are analyzed.Several means adopted in MEMS technique by using new element and IF digitized are put forward to improve integration of the receiver.


The Annual General Meeting took place at the Royal Society of Medicine, London, W.I, on Saturday, 27 February 1971. The following were elected; President: Dr J. Morrison-Smith; Vice-president: Professor J. Pepys; Honorary Secretary: Dr K. M. Citron; Honorary Treasurer: Dr D.G. Wraith; Council Member: DrG. Holti. Six new members of the Society were also elected. This was followed by the Scientific Programme which included a Symposium on 'Epidemiological Aspects of Asthma and Hay Fever' and a Symposium on 'Milk Allergy'. The speakers were: Dr V. Springett (Birmingham) on 'Epidemiology of Asthma', Dr D. G. Wraith (London) on 'A Clinical Study of Hospital Admissions and Deaths from Asthma', Dr T. E. Roberts (Basingstoke) on 'Some Epidemiological Aspects of Hay Fever in Primary Schoolchildren', Dr R. C. B. Aitken and Dr A. Zealley (Edinburgh) on 'Psychopathology and Bronchial Asthma', Dr A. Holzel (Manchester) on 'Epidemiology of Cow's Milk Allergy', Dr A. W. Frankland (London) on 'Clinical Aspects of Milk Allergy', Dr W. E. Parish (Elstree) on 'Humoral Antibodies to Milk', Dr T. S. Matthews (London) on 'Complement', Dr J. Brostoff (London) on 'Cellular Hypersensitivity in Milk Allergy'.


A national working group of nurses and junior doctors has been formed to set guidelines for practice and training in areas common to both professions.


Based on attribute significance of rough set and integrated technology of experts database, a new method of fault diagnosis for complex systems is researched. First of all, the attribute significance model of experts database is presented by combining integrated system of multi-field experts and assignment rule of fault state with attribute significance concept in rough set theory. Secondly, a network model based on multi-field experts database is constructed, which can be used to monitor the dynamic systems in real-time and diagnose fault. The presented method has been used in the fault diagnosis of complex systems and good results have been achieved.


Abstract Phosphine-boranes have been very conveniently prepared in high yields by the reaction of NaBH4 and I2 with the corresponding phosphine in refluxing tetra-hydrofuan. Phosphine- and phosphite-cyanoboranes have been prepared by the reaction of NaBH3CN with I2 with the corresponding phosphine or phosphite in refluxing monoglyme. All these compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and proton NMR spectra.


In anthropoid primates, SETMAR is a fusion between a methyltransferase gene and a domesticated DNA transposase. SETMAR has been found to be involved in several cellular functions including regulation of gene expression, DNA integration and DNA repair. These functions are thought to be mediated through the histone methyltransferase, the DNA binding and the nuclease activities of SETMAR. To better understand the cellular roles of SETMAR, we generated several U2OS cell lines expressing either wild type SETMAR or a truncated or mutated variant. We tested these cell lines with in vivo plasmid-based assays to determine the relevance of the different domains and activities of SETMAR in DNA integration and repair. We found that expressing the SET and MAR domains, but not wild type SETMAR, partially affect DNA integration and repair. The methyltransferase activity of SETMAR is also needed for an efficient DNA repair whereas we did not observe any requirement for the putative nuclease activity of SETMAR. Overall, our data support a non-essential function for SETMAR in DNA integration and repair.


By manipulation of its optical components the low power magnification range of the petrographic microscope may be extended. The technique described allows a five to ten times increase in the diameter of thefield of view, an aid to the interpretation of small scale structures and coarse textures in petrographic thin sections.


To obtain a heat sink having excellent heat dissipation performance, a cooler using the heat sink, and a semiconductor device. A heat sink 10 of the present invention is provided with: a base plate 11 having a semiconductor element 90 that is mounted on one surface 11a; and a laminated fin 12, which is provided on the other surface 11b of the base plate 11, and which has a plurality of plates 121-123 that are laminated in the laminating direction, i.e., the direction opposite to the direction toward the semiconductor element 90. The plates 121-123 have board-like members 121a-123a, and protruding sections 121b-123b, which are protruding in the direction parallel to the laminating direction from the board-like members 121a-123a, and the plates adjacent to each other are bonded to each other via the protruding sections.


The purpose of this research is twofold. One is to analyze the noise threshold of the regular LDPC codes with a BPSK system on an LEO satellite channel. Through analysis of noise threshold, we can determine minimum SNR to achieve the best performance of regular LDPC codes among different code rates and degree parameters. The other is to analyze the effect of fading parameters of the LEO satellite channel on the performance of regular LDPC codes. For this, we investigate the probability density function of a fading factor depending on the parameter values of the Loo"s model and analyze the performance of regular LDPC codes. Numerical analysis and simulation results are shown with discussions.


This undergraduate work presents the perceptions, the feelings and the experiences about family, school and the territory, of boys and girls in the transitional degrees B and first A, in La Paz Educational Institution located in La Ceja, Antioquia. This qualitative research has a biographical-narrative approach which uses a case study as a method, mediated by learning situations as a didactic strategy. The techniques used to collect the information are: participant observation, dialogical interview and focus groups. In addition, as recording instruments we have the diaries and the transcription of interviews in memos through the software ATLAS.ti. All of this in order to allow us to listen to children's perceptions of their life experiences in these three spaces.


Six cases of filariasis are recorded in immigrants in Western Australia. The pathological features and long intervals between attacks of lymphangitis tend to incriminate death of adult worms in their pathogenesis. There was a proved life–span of four years in one patient, probable longevity of over three years in two others, and of at least 20 years in one patient. A case of chyluria recurring during seven pregnancies is described.


A novel technique using colloidal gas aphron (CGA) dispersions has been investigated for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris, a unicellular green algae, from dilute suspension. CGA are very small gas bubbles, on the order of 25 ..mu..m in diameter, that are each encapsulated in an aqueous shell of surfactant solution. The process is based on the technology of CGA flotation, which involves the formation of algae-bubble complexes and their subsequent flotation to the surface. At neutral pH, the efficiency of algae removal was maximized when a cationic surfactant (lauryl pyridinium chloride) was used for CGA generation. At pH 10, both the cationic and anionic (sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate) CGA dispersions yielded comparable removals. Addition of small quantities of alum (to 10/sup -4/M) improved removals using the cationic CGA, and at pH 10 this combination yielded the maximum removals that were achieved: 52.1% removal after a single application of CGA dispersion (1 to 1, dispersion to sample volume ratio), and 89.2% removal after an additional application. 12 references, 1 figure, 2 tables.


A 64-year-old man, a security guard, was admitted to the Los Angeles County, University of Southern California Medical Center on June 3, 1974 with a three month history of right-sided chest pain, progressive dyspnea, productive cough, night sweats, weakness and a weight loss of 50 pounds. Findings on a roentgenogram of the chest taken at an outside hospital two months before admission had shown a lesion in the right lung. On bronchoscopy, carried out two weeks before admission, no abnormalities were noted. The patient had been smoking one to two packages of cigarettes for 50 years. On admission, blood pressure was 108/76, pulse 70, respiration 18 and temperature 36.7°C (98°F). The patient was cachectic but in no acute distress. There were decreased expansion, vocal fremitus and breath sounds on the right side. On percussion of the right side of chest, tenderness and flatness were noted. Heart sounds were within normal limits. Results on the rest of


JOHN Rae, in 1834, objected to The Wealth of Nations on the grounds that it constituted a totally unscientific work. Smithian procedure, as he saw it, was nonexperimentalfor Smith failed to justify empirically his axioms (and this despite Bacon's earlier warning against the propensity to generalize from a few familiar notions, and indictment of such procedures as evidence of a disinterest in attaining "a knowledge of nature").' Marshall took a more positive attitude towards Smithian procedure but it appears from the celebrated Appendix to the Principles on the history of economics that he greatly played down the "inductive" dimension.2 According to Marshall's evaluation, history provided Smith with "illustrations" and thus made his exposition more palatable, but close induction from the evidence played little part in his procedure. In particular, the basic behavioural assumptions are said to be purely axiomatic or, at the most, only supported by very casual observation.3 Much the same view seems to have been taken by J.E. Cairnes who observed that "when [Smith] has recourse to history, it is always in illustration or confirmation; he never makes it the basis of his doctrines. He first lays the foundation deep in the principles of human nature and the physical facts of the external world; the subsequent reference to historical events is merely in illustration of the mode in which the laws thus established operate."4 And


Scanning and spot-mode cathodoluminescence investigations of homo-and hetero-epitaxial GaN films indicate a surprisingly small influence of their microstructure on overall intensity of a light emission. This we explain bya correlation between structural quality of these films and diffusion length of free carriers and excitons. Diffusion length increases with improving structural quality of the samples, which, in turn, enhances the rate of nonradiative recombination on structural defects, such as dislocations.


Abstract This paper presents a novel automatic domain decomposition method to generate quality composite structured meshes in complex domains with arbitrary shapes, in which quality structured mesh generation still remains a challenge. The proposed decomposition algorithm is based on the analysis of an initial Delaunay triangulation on the closed boundary of the computational domain. The virtual edges with the so-called shortest effective length of the effective concave points are identified as candidates of the interface line between neighboring blocks. As demonstrated by examples and application, the proposed algorithm is capable of effectively decomposing complex domains without holes or islands (inner boundaries) into simpler patched blocks and thus significantly alleviated the difficulties of structured mesh generation in those domains.