The utility model discloses a car milling model bracket with adjustable wheel span and suspension frame height. The car milling model bracket is characterized by comprising four axles with one ends which are fixedly arranged on a wheel mounting disc, first limiting bolts, second limiting bolts, four adjusting mechanisms respectively provided with a limiting plate and a sleeve and four adjusting mechanism positioning plates respectively provided with a second limiting bolt mounting hole and a strip-shaped axle moving hole, wherein the other ends of the four axles are sequentially inserted into the sleeves and the strip-shaped axle moving holes; each of the four axles is provided with a two-wheel-drive limiting hole and a four-wheel-drive limiting hole which are matched with the first limiting bolts; the sleeves are provided with limiting holes matched with the first limiting bolts; each limiting plate is provided with at least two transverse U-shaped guide holes; the transverse U-shaped guide holes are connected with the second limiting bolt mounting holes by the second limiting bolts. According to the car milling model bracket with the adjustable wheel span and suspension frame height, the axial position and the vertical height of each axle can be adjusted so as to adjust the wheel span and the suspension frame height to adjust two whole car states including a two-wheel-drive state and a four-wheel-drive state.


Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities such as agriculture, mining, and urbanization, water contamination has become a very real modern problem. Modern solutions such as activated carbon, reverse osmosis, and ultrafiltration, among others, have been employed in the decontamination of water. These methods are, however, expensive to set up and maintain and therefore have proved a challenge to implement in developing countries. Zeolite materials exhibit excellent structural properties, such as high ion exchange capacity, porosity, and relative surface area, which make them attractive to water decontamination processes. However, conventional zeolites are expensive, and recent research has focused on utilizing low-cost materials such as agro-wastes and clays as raw materials for the synthesis of zeolites. This review aims to discuss the role of low-cost zeolites in their removal of heavy metals and the feasibility of agro-wastes and natural clays in the synthesis of zeolites. Recent research studies based on the synthesis of zeolites from clays and agro-wastes and their application in heavy metal removal have been reviewed and discussed. Agro-wastes such as rice husk ash and sugarcane bagasse ash and layered silicate clays such as kaolinite and smectites are particularly of interest to zeolite synthesis due to their high silica to alumina ratio. Zeolites synthesized through various methods such as hydrothermal, molten salt, and microwave irradiation synthesis have been discussed with their effect on the adsorption of various heavy metals.


A new type of 2880 t * m double rotary chassis structure of railway crane was studied by using ANSYS software in this paper. On the basis of the overall modeling, the way of coupling is proposed creatively by taking into account the support cylinder, the chassis and the tradition of the leg, the research reference for the new type of large tonnage double rotary rail crane chassis structure was provided by using APDL language in rotary bearing load when it was carried out on the variable load, and constraints under the support cylinder surfaces move all degrees of freedom. Optimization theory for chassis of various dangerous conditions to make optimization analysis was proposed respectively by using ANSYS software. The problem of localization of double rotary rail crane was solved by checking all conditions after comprehensive round ,which was designed to save material double rotary rail crane chassis structure and taking the eigenvalue buckling analysis method to check the stability of the chassis.


We propose a new digital all-in-focus microscope system using a quick-response dynamic focusing lens suitable for micro parts assembling. This microscope system realizes real-time observation for micro parts with a deep depth of field, as well as three-dimensional shape measurement using only one image sensor. In this paper, we report a newly developed real-time algorithm called one pixel method for generating clear image having a deep depth of field. This method is able to process one original picture (640 x 480 pixels per frame) in approximately 1.0 ms. We also report the results of three-dimensional shape measurement in high accuracy using the contrast of brightness method.


The conformal module of conjugacy classes of braids is an invariant that appeared earlier than the entropy of conjugacy classes of braids, and is inverse proportional to the entropy. Using the relation between the two invariants we give a short conceptional proof of an earlier result on the conformal module. Mainly, we consider situations, when the conformal module of conjugacy classes of braids serves as obstruction for the existence of homotopies (or isotopies) of smooth objects involving braids to the respective holomorphic objects, and present theorems on the restricted validity of Gromov's Oka principle in these situations.


In this work, an electrical network connected to Proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is considered. The voltage profile of the system is enhanced by connecting the fuel cell with the boost converter and an inverter. The traditional PID controller does not to responds to the non-linearities of the system. Hence, PID controller is dynamically tuned by the Improved Squirrel Search Algorithm (ISSA). The whole architecture is developed in SIMULINK. For testing the effectiveness of the proposed model, the transients are given to the system for short duration and the results are then compared. It is observed that the proposed model has improved voltage response during transients along with reduced harmonics. The analysis for the power quality enhancement is confirmed through Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).


In approaching this subject area within the parameters of this project, the approach that was adopted focused on drawing on the key literature in this area, and so the primary methodology was a desktop survey and summary of the current state of the sector. This is supplemented with an account of some theoretical considerations of Freedom of Information (FOI), both in terms of their rationale, and the nature of the right that they generate. As the author and the senior researcher for this paper are both scholars and advocates for FOI, they drew on their own experience in the field and the case studies and grey literature being generated by civil society colleagues and partners from both India and South Africa to support the academic literature and the theoretical approach so as to better understand the current status of FOI in relation to other transparency and accountability initiatives. Because systematically-produced evidence of impact is so sparse in the FOI arena, we have focused on a case-study approach, using the experience of two organisations – the Open Democracy Advice Centre in South Africa, and MKSS in India – to shed some light on the relationship between FOI and socio-economic change.


We investigate the formation and magnetic topology of four flare/coronal mass ejection events with filament-sigmoid systems, in which the sigmoidal hot channels are located above the filaments and appear in pairs before eruption. The formation of hot channels usually takes several to dozens of hours, during which two J-shaped sheared arcades gradually evolve into sigmoidal hot channels and then keep stable for tens of minutes or hours and erupt, while the low-lying filaments show no significant change. We construct a series of magnetic field models and find that the best-fit preflare models contain magnetic flux ropes with hyperbolic flux tubes (HFTs). The field lines above the HFT correspond to the high-lying hot channel, whereas those below the HFT surround the underlying filaments. In particular, the continuous and long field lines representing the flux rope located above the HFT match the observed hot channels well in three events. However, for the SOL2014-04-18 event, the flux bundle that mimics the observed hot channel is located above the flux rope. The flux rope axis lies in a height range of 19.8 and 46 Mm above the photosphere for the four events, among which the flux rope axis in the SOL2012-07-12 event has a maximum height, which probably explains why it is often considered as a double-decker structure. Our modeling suggests that the high-lying hot channel may be formed by magnetic reconnections between sheared field lines occurring above the filament before eruption.


The U.K. Department of Health and Social Security (DHSS) is required to make, to those eligible, a single payment for additional fuel costs during a period of exceptionally severe weather. Previous methods of assessing exceptionally severe weather, criticized on a number of grounds by Social Security Commissioners, resulted in parliamentary debate and frequent press attention. Work on exceptionally severe weather in winter in Birmingham is presented here for the period since November 1959. Three measures of cold—mean daily temperature, degree days and windchill—are assessed for their usefulness in identifying exceptionally severe weather as a single day occurrence and/or as runs of days, during the winter months from November to March. Recommendations are made that thresholds based on probability of occurrence be used and that windchill is the best of the three measures which could be used in future winters. It is concluded that although climatologists can provide the necessary data, probability levels and parameters, it must be Parliament and the DHSS who must define 'period' and 'exceptionally severe'. In either case the final decision can only be a political one.


On the basis of the current management of popularized education in universities, the phenomenon of low quality rehabilitation (Pre) course is analyzed. Under the guide of constructivist learning theory, and with the help of modern teaching techniques, a unique teaching system is established for efficient teaching, monitoring and management. The framework and structure of the system are specified. Furthermore, the mechanisms of the supervision, management, evaluation, exchange, discussion, and competition are explored.


Automatic classification of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is of Paramount importance in the detection of a wide range of heartbeat abnormalities as aid to improve the diagnostic achieved by cardiologists. In this paper an effective multi-class beat classifier, based on statistical identification of a minimum-complexity model, is proposed. The classifier is trained by extracting from the ECG signal a multivariate random vector by means of a truncated Karhunen-Loève transform (KLT) representation. The resulting statistical model is thus estimated using a robust and efficient Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm to find the optimal parameters of a Gaussian mixture model. Based on the above statistical characterization a multi-class ECG classifier was derived. The experiments, conducted on the ECG signals from the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database, demonstrated the excellent performance of this technique to classify the ECG signals into different disease categories, with a reduced model complexity.


IntroductionSince the mid-1990s, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea's (DPRK) economic collapse and subsequent food crisis have caused numerous North Koreans to starve to death. Moreover, such events have prompted thousands to seek refuge in the Republic of China (PRC) and beyond. An estimated 600,000 to over 2 million North Koreans were killed by the famine.2 It is also estimated that approximately 100,000-300,000 North Koreans moved to China.3 Many North Korean escapees in northeast China have lived in hiding from crackdowns and forced repatriations by the PRC and neighboring countries, vulnerable to abuse and exploitation. The food crisis has resulted in an explosive increase in the migration of North Koreans to northeast China, other neighboring Asian countries, and, thereafter, the Republic of Korea (ROK). As of December 2012, North Koreans who arrived in South Korea numbered 24,614.4 Furthermore, one in three North Korean escapees is heading to countries other than South Korea, and many escapees want to defect to Western countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom.5 While North Koreans in South Korea have been granted ROK citizenship, many North Korean asylum seekers staying in other countries have not been under legal or humanitarian protection. Due to political, diplomatic and legal problems in the international and domestic contexts, the North Korean diaspora has maintained an illegal or unstable status as border-crossing people or trespassers.Until now, existing studies have researched the migration and human rights violations of North Koreans in terms of refugee status under international law. Are North Korean escapees political refugees, economic migrants or simply border-crossing people? This has been one of the critical questions regarding the North Korean diaspora. While North Korean escapees are often referred to as refugees in mass media, in many cases, especially in Asian transit countries, they have not received refugee protection under international law as well as from the concerned countries' domestic law. Today, most of the related Northeast and Southeast Asian countries rarely guarantee refugee status to North Koreans, and the U.S. and European countries also enforce a very selective policy of admitting North Koreans. In this regard, Western and South Korean civic organizations of North Korean human rights argue that those defecting due to human rights violations should undeniably be granted refugee status.The number of refugees of concern to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) stood at 10.5 million at the beginning of 2011. The Convention relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugee Convention) in 1951 and the Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (Refugee Protocol) in 1967 provide a framework for the legal protection of a large number of displaced people. The Refugee Convention defines "refugee" as "someone who is unable or unwilling to return to their country of origin owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion." 6 According to UNHCR, as of January 2013, the total population of concern in the case of North Koreans is 1542, and among this, the number of refugees is 1052 and that of asylum seekers is 490.7 Here, the dilemma is whether to use the term "refugee" at all in referring to North Koreans who depart their country of origin illegally. This is because a majority of North Koreans leave the DPRK primarily in search of food, not for fear of persecution. However, North Koreans' defections due to food shortages and forced repatriations in many cases lead to human rights violations, such as a total denial of political, civil and religious rights as well as severe physical abuse in DPRK prison camps.8 Therefore, UNHCR claims that North Koreans, especially those living in China and other Asian transit countries, should be considered as refugees sur place because they face the threat of persecution upon returning to North Korea even though they leave their country in search of food. …


This paper deals with the problematic of road safety of e-bike in comparison with traditional bicycles in the Slovak republic. In the paper is examined the first pilot study in Slovakia focused on the comparison between traditional bicycle and e-bike in naturalistic approach but also from the perspective of users. Because the rate of e-bike is in Slovakia lower than in other countries, for instance, in Germany, or in the Netherlands, we have decided to use the analysis and test the comparison in our condition. In the study was used small representative sample due to limited ownership of e-bike. First the speed of these two types of bicycles has been compared. Second the user experience had to report if they how they have perceived the ride on the e-bike form the perspective of the road safety. The additional factors or parameters which was reported, was issue regarding the quality of the road surface which had a significant effect to the perceiving the comfort or discomfort on the e-bike.


An efficient synthesis of substituted furans was achieved from ketones by alkylation with 3-iodopropynylphosphonate and cyclization of the resulting 5-oxo-1-ynylphosphonates under mild conditions. The process can also be carried out as a one-pot reaction to give furan derivatives in excellent yields.


An apparatus for processing bales for agricultural machines provided with a chamber to form a substantially cylindrical bullet, comprising at least a structure for supporting a roll (A) of coating material, the type of a network, a polymer film and the like, designed wrapping the bale, means for moving a device (2) transfer and supply of a flange (a ') terminal of the roll (a) into the forming chamber, said device (2) of a sheet (3) provided terminal which is movable along a work path from a first limit position, in which said sheet (3) is close to the roll (a) supported by said structure, for removing the (a ') tab terminal, to a second position in which said sheet (3) is facing the camera, for the supply of the flange (a ') to the chamber, and vice versa, said limit positions having substantially the same height from the ground, characterized that said sheet (3) is adapted to move along said work trajectory substantially parallel to the ground.


Important expansion works have been underway at the Brussels National Airport since 1989, in accordance with the masterplan "ZAVENTEM 2000." The aim of the development plan is to optimize and achieve as high a level of profitability as possible for the total movements on the airfield. In 8 different phases, a surface area of 1.2 million sq. m in both asphalt and concrete shall be placed for runways and platforms. One procedure successfully executed involved placing 2 concrete layers using 2 slipform paving machines "back-to-back" in widths of 10 m. A number of other innovative execution methods, as well as new construction practices by the contractors, were displayed and utilized throughout the construction. This paper provides an overview of the Brussels National Airport expansion project, including new methods and practices used in areas such as concrete paving, de-icing applications, and surface protecting sealer treatments.


The rate of sediment pickup for suspension by breaking waves is proportional to the dissipation rate of wave energy flux within the surf zone. A database of mean concentration of suspended sediment is compiled by collecting various data of field measurements and large-scale laboratory experiments and by calculating the depth-averaged mean concentration. By comparing the mean sediment concentration and the energy flux dissipation rate, a sediment pickup coefficient is assessed at a value of 0.0045 on the average. Use of this coefficient enables to estimate the cross-shore variation of mean sediment concentration. Peak values of mean sediment concentration among the series of cross-shore measurements agree well with the prediction based on the wave energy flux dissipation rate.


In this paper, a new class of A-Stable Implicit Rational Runge-Kutta schemes were developed, analyzed and computerized to solve stiff system of ordinary differential equations. The method is motivated by the Implicit Conventional Runge – Kutta Schemes and Rational function approximation.  While its development and analyses make use of Taylor series expansion (Taylor and Binomial) and Pade's approximation techniques respectively.  The schemes are convergent and A-stable. Keywords: Rational, Runge-Kutta, Consistent, effective, Error bound, Implementation, Convergent, A-stable, A (a) stable


Changes in shape, size and position of the subarachnoid cisterns associated with stenosis of the aqueduct of a benign nature find little place in the literature. Such changes are however important in distinguishing between non-tumoral stenosis and infratentorial masses. RUGGIERO (1957) writing of stenosis of the aqueduct stated: 'L'aspect normal du quatrieme ventricule et des citernes de la fosse posterieure permet d' exclure l' existence d'une tumeur infratentorielle'.


This paper presents a methodology for estimating the losses occurring inside an inverter with full controlled bridge supply for supplying a BLDC motor. The motor drives a small vehicle. The PWM inverter supply voltages on the three phases starting from an accumulator battery and is made with MOSFET transistors. The proposed method presents a method of determining the losses of a transistor located on top of the three-phase bridge and a transistor located on the bottom of the bridge. It is based on the use of data from the catalog sheet specified by the manufacturer of the power transistor. To facilitate the understanding and application of the calculation of losses in various types of MOSFET we choose to complete the equations with numerical values determined based on the catalog sheet of the transistor which fits the analyzed inverter. Note that the precision of the results provided by the methodology proposed in the paper can be improved if one takes into account changing some transistor parameters due to its heating. The methodology was designed in order to allow the implementation of a MATLAB-SIMULINK system integrated with modeling and simulation systems of the inverters for motor supplying.


The Bayesian estimation theory is elaborated in detail. The characteristics,utilization and limitation of various estimation algorithms,such as extended Kalman filter,Sigma point Kalman filter,and particle filter,etc,are analyzed and summarized. The extended Kalman filter and its flaw are presented. The deterministic sampling methods,unscented Kalman filter and central difference Kalman filter,are introduced and unified within weighed statistical linear regression framework. The random sampling method,namely,particle filter,as well as its main research direction is introduced. Finally,further development trends of nonlinear filter are pointed out.


Internal alkynes have been used widely in transition-metal-catalyzed cycloaddition reactions, in which they generally serve as two-carbon reaction partners. Herein, we report ruthenium(II)-catalyzed redox-neutral [4 + 1] annulation of benzamides and propargyl alcohols, in which propargyl alcohols act as one-carbon units. This synthetic utility of propargyl alcohols led to a series of potentially bioactive N-substituted quaternary isoindolinones with moderate to high yields under mild conditions. Without the requirement for an external metal oxidant, this title transformation is compatible with various functional groups, which further underscores its synthetic utility and versatile applicability. In addition, preliminary mechanism experiments have been conducted and a plausible mechanism is proposed.


The materials of Eulachnus del Guercio from China are systematically studied. There are twelve species in China, including one new species, E. similialticola Zhang,sp.nov. and two new record species, E. alticola B*irner and E. tuberculostemmatus (Theobald ). Host-plants, geographical distribution, morphological figures and key to the Chinese species of this genus are provided.


Aryl Grignard reagents react with halogenomethinyltricobalt enneacarbonyls to give the corresponding aryl-clusters in good yield. Substitution with alkyl Grignard reagents is not possible. Reactions with organolithium and Grignard reagents (under a CO atmosphere) invariably give products formed by CO insertion, principally the acid, HO2CCCo3(CO)9. Possible intermediates in these reactions are discussed.


Improving the quality of the knowledge of school students and stimulating their interest in learning are important tasks in the improvement of the process of instruction, and in connection with the standardization of education they are coming to be of special urgency. At the present time, the way to accomplish them, it is felt, is to enrich the content, methods, and organizational forms of instruction. So far, however, no noticeable changes have been observed in the quality of students' knowledge and their attitudes toward learning. It is true, of course, that differentiated instruction has had a definite effect on school students' attitudes toward the study of subjects in a chosen specialty, one possible consequence of which may be an improvement in the quality of the knowledge in those disciplines. Considerably lower is the level of motivation and, accordingly, the quality of students' knowledge in general education classes.


Transport infrastructure has been dangerously neglected in recent times. Lack of transport infrastructure impedes economic integration and poverty reduction. Involving the private sector in financing the transport infrastructure is proving harder than anticipated.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the cultural contents of the 3rd and 4th grade authorized elementary English textbooks, and to provide a...


Abstract This article proposes an uncertain target-oriented QFD approach to service standardization-based service design with an application to bank window service, based on a probabilistic interpretation of weighting information. On the one hand, the proposed approach performs computations solely based on the order-based semantics of linguistic labels and comparisons of linguistic profiles, without needing to quantify the qualitative concepts. It can thus guarantee the robustness of QFD and easy of use in practice. On the other hand, the proposed approach sets uncertain targets for customer needs (WHATs) and service standards (HOWs) by competitors' uncertain service performance on WHATs and HOWs, and conducts satisfactory-oriented competitive analysis from the perspective of uncertain target-oriented decision analysis. Moreover, the proposed approach is applied to an empirical case study of window service design based on service standardization in the Shanghai Branch of Bank JT. The results show that the bank should pay more attention to "Service specifications", "Service providing specifications", and "Service evaluation and improvement standards". Industry feedback shows that the results are consistent with service acceptance and provide valuable insights to the service standardization in the bank. Comparisons with existing studies show that our proposed approach is comparable with existing studies.


Introduction The Basin and Range (B&R) physiographic province of the American West has been the center of major advances in arid-zone hydrogeology since the Civil War, with contributions from many early giants of North American geology. Emphasis here is on evolution of geology-based conceptual models of intermontane basin, river valley, and mountain block aquifer systems in the eastern B&R region through 1945. This area includes the B&R Mexican Highland and Sacramento sections, much of the Rio Grande rift tectonic province, and parts of the upper Pecos and Gila River basins in New Mexico, Trans-Pecos Texas, and Arizona (Gile et al. 1981; Mace et al. 2001; Connell et al. 2005; Hawley 2005). It is also in or adjacent to Ground Water Region 7—Central Alluvial Basins as defined by Heath (1988) and described by Anderson et al. (1988). Our overview comprises a series of brief statements about pioneering contributions of individuals and institutions with strong regional ties, especially studies that focus on geologic (geomorphic, hydrostratigraphic, lithofacies, and structural) controls on ground water flow and hydrogeochemistry. The basic premise is that many subsequent advances in hydrogeologic characterization of arid-zone aquifer systems in the B&R region have their conceptual roots in this early work. Following its establishment in 1879, the USGS was the major institution contributing to regional and local hydrogeologic investigations (Follansbee 1939; Wenzel 1942; Waring and Meinzer 1947; Frazier and Heckler 1972; Maxey 1979; Rabbitt 1989; Davis and Davis 2005; Fryar 2007); but state agency and university programs played an increasingly important role after 1930 (e.g., New Mexico State Engineer Office, Texas Board of Water Engineers, Harvard University, and New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology). Seminal contributions of Kirk Bryan, N.H. Darton, W.T. Lee, O.E. Meinzer, C.E. Siebenthal, C.S. Slichter, and C.F. Tolman get special attention. ''Hydrogeology in the United States, 1780-1950'' by Davis and Davis (2005) places some of the material covered in this Note in a much broader regional and temporal context. Because of space limitations, we can mention only a few early contributions of pioneers in well hydraulics and ground water hydrology that this region has produced and/or inspired (e.g., Theis 1935; Hantush and Jacob 1954; Ferris et al. 1962; Reilly 2004; Narasimhan 2006).


Medical image segmentation often requires a large number of annotated images, which can be difficult to obtain. To address this challenge, we propose a novel semi-supervised learning framework with two branches, each consisting of an encoder and two decoders for geometry-aware constraints and pixel-level contrastive learning, respectively. Compared to existing techniques, our framework introduces a signed distance map (SDM) method for geometric constraints, which leverages distance information from pixels to the nearest boundaries to infer the shape and edges of objects and enforces geometric constraints during training. Additionally, to better utilize unlabeled data, we design a projector that elevates feature maps after the segmentation decoder, allowing for pixel-level contrastive learning through the construction of positive and negative feature pairs. This enables us to learn different feature representations and improve segmentation performance. Our proposed method is evaluated on three publicly available datasets, and experimental results demonstrate its superior performance compared to several state-of-the-art semi-supervised segmentation methods, emphasizing the effectiveness of our proposed framework.


In the present-day scenario, the wireless/broadband communication is growing at a rapid pace with the days progressing. Presently, in the existing 4G there are several shortcomings such as the high communication setup cost, large number of devices not being able to establish connection and low data rates. So, 5G Technology – "New Radio" is the key solution to it. The 5G technology portrays 5 different network protocol stack layers that are derived from the 7 layers of the OSI model. The focus in this paper would be on the designing of 1st layer of the 5G network protocol stack architecture i.e. Physical Layer. The implementation of this layer in technical terms is known as PHY. The PHY layer Downlink Channel comprises of (i)Physical Broadcast Channel [PBCH], (ii)Physical Downlink Shared Channel [PDSCH] and (iii)Physical Downlink Control Channel [PDCCH] which are being designed. The approach for the designing of the Downlink channels of PHY layer uses Polar Coding, Low Density-Parity Check [LDPC] coding which is accomplished using MATLAB® and Simulink tool. The approach is focused to accomplish increased data rates and reduced error rate. Further the testing of the modules are done in order to verify the designed approach and its functioning. The design further involves using mmWave by providing different ranges of Bandwidth for the operation. It was observed that Polar Coding as well as LDPC coding-based design modules showed better Block Error Rate (BER) i.e.0.064815 for Downlink CRC attachment of 24-bits. The other case for the 11-bit CRC attachment was found to be BER of 0.1152. Further, the throughput vs SNR was obtained for 1000 subframes and observed that as signal strength increased the throughput. Hence, the enhancement was established by using subcarrier spacing and concluded by using mmWave Technology for exploiting the spectrum of bandwidth.


Abstract : This thesis explores a MATLAB implementation of a Fourier transform approach to model and predict transient optical wave propagation through free-space. A three-step approach is adopted in this study. First, the mathematical development establishes the importance of the total impulse response as the Green's function, meeting the boundary conditions and solving the wave equation. Second, a MATLAB program is developed to simulate the mathematical model by computing and displaying the graphical representation of an optical wave's spatial distribution on a plane at a given distance from a spatially filtered source. Third, a circular excitation function is used to verify the program and then the results of another three excitations, namely the square, circularly truncated Gaussian and circularly truncated Bessel functions are similarly generated. The effort of this thesis provides an inexpensive means to analyze a transient optical wave propagation of a spatially filtered optical source.


To study the therapeutic effect of BMSCs on femoral head necrosis and whether it can inhibit the growth of OMgP. 15 healthy rats were divided into ZZ group (normal group), GT group (femoral head necrosis) and MM group (BMSCs transplantation). At 1 h, 3 h, 1 d, and 3 d, the expression
 of OMgP in GT group were higher than ZZ group (P <0.05) and MM group, indicating that BMSCs transplantation can decreased OMgP expression. At 1 d, 7 d, and 14 d, BBB scores of the GT group were lower than ZZ group (P < 0.05) and MM group (P < 0.05), indicating
 that BMSCs transplantation can improve spinal cord injury behavior. The cells in ZZ group were well stained and morphologically intact, the femoral head was not damaged, and the articular surface was smooth, GT group had cartilage necrosis with disordered inferior epiphysis, and the femoral
 head of the MM group had less damage and increased osteoblasts. The blood vessel counts in necrotic area in GT group were higher than ZZ group and MM group with decreased new bone area in repair area compared to ZZ and MM group (P <0.05), indicating that the area of femoral head
 necrosis after BMSCs transplantation was improved. The levels of ALP and BGP in GT group were lower than ZZ group (P <0.05) and MM group (P <0.05). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can effectively repair new bone area, up-regulate ALP and BGP, and have
 a positive effect on femoral head necrosis, possibly by inhibiting OMGP activity.


This paper gives an emulational and experimental model of simulating relation between supply and demand in real market economy via the application of complex adaptive system and Swarm software platform. We validate that the unanimous, ordered and balanced behavior of the whole can emerge only through the interaction among economic agents under a close environment of economy. This paper provides an experimental and emulational basis for the study of this phenomenon of self- organization.


The growing interest in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) has motivated many of researchers to develop new technologies, such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) and Advanced Smart Cruise Control (ASCC). Despite those efforts, various technical challenges still remain to assure the safety of the driver and the pedestrian. In this paper, we introduce several obstacle detection techniques, which are one of the most important aspects to ensure the transportation safety, using camera and LiDAR based on our survey results. We also present our indoor test-bed and platforms, which will be used to evaluate and compare surveyed techniques.


This article describes an approach to distance learning based on beliefs of Self-Efficacy monitored by a fuzzy agent. More precisely, we propose an adaptable agent that takes part in InteliWeb, a learning environment over the Web that manages the student model taking into account the inferences associated to the beliefs of Self-Efficacy. Our research aims at a student model that can comprehend the necessary dynamics to support the individuality of the student by modeling the beliefs of Self-Efficacy through a fuzzy inference machine.


In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of single-particle analysis to investigate the chemistry of isolated, individual particles of atmospheric relevance such as NaCl, sea salt, CaCO3, and SiO2. A variety of state-of-the-art scanning electron microscopy techniques, including environmental scanning electron microscopy and computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, were utilized for monitoring and quantifying phase transitions of individual particles, morphology, and compositional changes of individual particles as they react with nitric acid. Clear differences in reaction mechanisms were observed between SiO2, CaCO3, NaCl, and sea salt particles. SiO2 particles exposed to HNO3 showed no change, indicating that the reaction of SiO2 particles is limited to the particle surface and would not involve bulk atoms in its reactivity. Calcium carbonate was seen to convert to aqueous calcium nitrate droplets while sodium chloride formed microcrystallites of sodium nitrate ...


A study of the LCAO cheme for the iron-group s- and d-bands is carried out with special emphasis on: a) the choice of the AO basis and its adjustment to reproduce approaches like the renormalized-atom ansatz; b) the dependence of the final results on overlap and the number of neighbours taken into account (s-band calculations require at least neighbours from up to the 12th shell, whereas for d-band 2nd neighbours are required at worst; c) principle of Fermi-level equalization as a technique for determining the occupations and the relative positions of the s- and d-bands in an approximation neglecting s-d coupling. The results, obtained using quantum-chemical expressions for the «atomic» levels and for the hopping integrals, are consistent with the previous calculations, although they differ in many details. The estimated s-band occupation numbers for fcc Ni, Co and Fe are 0.85, 0.92 and 0.88, respectively, and the s-d separations (bottom of the s-band to the centre of the d-band) are 10.33 eV, 10.04 eV and 7.08 eV, respectively On applique le modele de combinaison lineaire d'orbitales atomiques a l'etude des bandes s et d en portant particulierement attention au choix de la base d'orbitales atomiques et des ajustements necessaires; a l'influence du recouvrement et du nombre d'interactions entre voisins sur les resultats; a l'egalisation des niveaux de Fermi pour determiner les occupations et les positions relatives des bandes en negligeant l'hybridation. Resultats pour Ni, Co et Fe cubiques a faces centrees


Introduction. Topologically unique macromolecules comprising a single cyclic and multicyclic polymer units have gained growing interest due to their distinctive behaviors from linear and branched counterparts.1-5 Polymer cyclization was performed first through the coupling reaction of a bifunctional linear polymer precursor, such as a bifunctionally living polymer like polystyrene, with a complementarily reactive bifunctional reagent, typically dihaloalkanes or dihalosilanes (Scheme 1).6-9 This bimolecular reaction should be conducted under high dilution to suppress the intermolecular chain extension reaction and at the same time under rigorous stoichiometric balance between large and small molecules. Hence, the process is often kinetically circumvented to limit this straightforward polymer cyclization process from wide applications. A psuedo-unimolecular reaction by an "electrostatic self-assembly and covalent fixation" technique was recently developed as an alternative polymer cyclization process (Scheme 1).5,10-14 Thus, a linear polymer precursor having moderately strained onium salt groups, typically five-membered cyclic ammonium or six-membered bicyclic ammonium salt groups, carrying appropriately reactive counteranion like dicarboxylate, was employed. The cations and anions always balance the charges, and the selective nucleophilic ring-opening reaction occurred at an appropriately elevated temperature under dilution, to convert the ionic interaction into the permanent covalent linkage. A strictly unimolecular polymer cyclization process using an R,ω-heterobifunctional linear polymer precursor was developed by Deffieux et al. and applied further by several groups (Scheme 1).15-19 In this process, the two end groups of the polymer precursor become complementarily reactive with each other after the deprotection or the activation, and the reaction under dilution gives a cyclic polymer product. The cyclization efficiency was notably improved since the inherent stoichiometric balance is maintained between complementarily reactive groups located within the same polymer molecule, and the reaction follows the unimolecular kinetics depending solely on the concentration of the polymer precursor. Nevertheless, the synthesis of the heterobifunctional polymer precursor often requires multistep processes involving protection/deprotection of reactive end groups, limiting its synthetic usefulness. We show here a novel strictly unimolecular polymer cyclization process involving bifunctional polymer precursor having identical reactive end groups (Scheme 1). Thus, a linear polymer precursor having allyl groups was prepared and subjected to a metathesis condensation, also known as a ring-closing metathesis (RCM), under dilution in the presence of a Grubbs catalyst, ruthenium(II) dichloride phenylmethylene bis(tricyclohexylphosphine) [RuCl2(PCy3)2(dCHPh)]. The metathesis condensation process has so far been successfully applied for the cyclization of smallto medium-sized substrates having terminal allyl groups20,21 and for the synthesis of a variety of topologically unique molecules like catenanes and knots22-24 as well as for the polycondensation of acyclic dienes (ADMET) to produce a variety of functional polymer materials.25-29 Furthermore, the equilibrium between cyclic and linear chains during a ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) has been a subject of continued studies.30 In the present communication, we demonstrate a versatile means to produce large-sized cyclic polymers using a readily accessible precursor, i.e., telechelics having allyl groups, in the presence of a commercially available metathesis catalyst. Results and Discussion. Telechelic poly(THF) having allyl end groups, 1, was prepared by the end-capping reaction of a bifunctionally living poly(THF)12 with sodium allyloxide (for details, see Supporting Information). 1H NMR analysis of 1, having the MW of 5060 and the PDI of 1.27, showed characteristic signals due to allyl protons at 5.17 and 5.90 ppm (Figure 1, top). The metathesis condensation was subsequently performed under reflux in methylene chloride at polymer concentration of 0.2-2.0 g/L in the presence of a Grubbs catalyst. The catalyst was charged in the comparable molar quantity to allyl groups at the polymer chain ends * Corresponding author: Tel +81 3/5734-2498, Fax +81 3/57342876, e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com. Scheme 1 8667 Macromolecules 2002, 35, 8667-8669


Second-order multipath channel estimation procedures for direct-sequence code-division-multiple-access communications induce phase ambiguity that necessitates differential phase- shift-keying (DPSK) modulation and detection. The maximum likelihood (ML) single-symbol multiuser DPSK/CDMA detector is derived with direct generalization to multiple-symbol (block) multiuser DPSK/CDMA detection. Exponential complexity requirements limit the use of the ML rule to theoretical lower-bound bit-error-rate benchmarking. Linear filter DPSK demodulators are viewed as a practical alternative. Phase-ambiguous RAKE filtering followed by RAKE-output differential detection is considered. The familiar minimum-variance-distortionless-response (MVDR) PSK/CDMA filter (designed for minimum filter output energy under the constraint of distortionless response in a given RAKE vector direction) adds the valuable feature of active interference suppression; however, minimum disturbance variance at the differential logic output can be claimed formally only in the absence of multipath (no inter-symbol- interference). Short-data-record adaptive alternatives to costly and slow adaptive MVDR implementations are sought in the context of auxiliary-vector filtering. Numerical and simulation studies illustrate the developments.


The integrity of teachers and students is a standard of testing on the ideological and political work in colleges and universities.It will be great significant for the teachers and students to have a concept and conduct of integrity to promote the construction of harmonious campus and the ethics of our whole society.However,the teachers and students in colleges and universities are still deficient in the integrity,which should be analyzed seriously in order to take effective measures to lead them to foster the concept and conduct of integrity.


The supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) theory with the maximal supersymmetry N = 4 is dual to the type-IIB superstring theory on AdS5 ×S and plays a central role in the AdS/CFT correspondence [1]. Recent developments in the study of the duality between the planar large-N limit of the gauge theory and the free string theory are based on the development of analytic tools that use both the integrability of the string theory [2] and an internal integrability of the superconformal theory [3]. In the latter case, the scale dependence of renormalized composite operators is governed (even at higher loops) by a local, integrable, super-spin-chain Hamiltonian whose interaction range increases with the loop order [4], [5]. This allows using the asymptotic Bethe equations [5] to calculate anomalous dimensions of single-trace operators of the general form


Investment strategies are among the most influential factors in development of any mining company particularly oil and gas mining companies. The economic factors play crucial role in adopting efficient strategies for investment recovery particularly during low prices of the products. The present study aims to review the main current worldwide trends of development in oil and gas branch including growth factors of oil and gas industry, regional growth specificity, sources of satisfaction of increasing demand and then to analyse the investment strategies of the seven major international oil and gas mining companies including ExxonMobil, Shevron, British Petroleum (BP), Royal Dutch Shell, Total, Eni and Statoil during the period of low oil prices.


Methods: The Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2004-2011 was queried for patients ≥15 years old admitted with appendicitis complicated by perforation or abscess. Attempted nonoperative management (NOM) was defined by no surgical procedure on day 0 or 1 of admission. Failure of NOM was defined by appendectomy on day 2 or later. Factors examined were age, gender, smoking status, obesity, hypertension, chronic pulmonary disease, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure (CHF), diabetes, and appendiceal abscess. Data were analyzed using Χ2 and multivariable analysis with reverse stepwise logistic regression, p<0.05 considered significant.


The invention discloses a kind of method of reducing preparing 7-methoxy-2-tetralone, by 2,7-dimethoxy-naphthalene dissolves in organic solvent, with nano-photocatalyst, by UV-irradiation, what make 2,7-dimethoxy-naphthalene by photo catalytic reduction is reduced to compound (1), and compound (1) hydrolysis obtains 7-methoxy-2-tetralone.The present invention's reducing process used route is simple, normal-temperature operation, do not use the sodium Metal 99.5 of high-risk, waste water few, and product 7-methoxy-2-tetralone yield is high, and yield reaches more than 85%.


The late Neogene sedimentary rocks in the Port Phillip region have in the past been subdivided into a lower shallow marine unit, Black Rock Sandstone, overlain by a fluvial unit, Red Bluff Sandstone. Re-examination of the type section of these units at Sandringham shows that it is entirely of paralic origin, with no evidence for fluvial deposition. Criteria for interpreting a shallow marine origin are sedimentary structures including a planar bedding style and swaley cross-stratification, and highly rounded clasts in conglomerates. Using these criteria it can be demonstrated that all named late Neogene sedimentary rock units in the Port Phillip region are paralic deposits, and that the same applies to the Hanson Plain Sand of the Port Campbell Embayment. Because these were deposited as a continuous sheet, the multiplicity of names used hitherto is not justified and should be unified under the single name Sandringham Sandstone. This formation was deposited on a strandplain that extends across western Victoria to the southern fringe of the Western Uplands. The same lateral continuity applies to the underlying Miocene marl formation, which is unified under the name Gellibrand Marl.


Starting from the narrow relationship between robust filtering and the design of robust filters to fault detection, an approach for fault detection and diagnosis robust filter design in linear systems is presented. The method consists on transforming the problem of robust detection of faults in a problem of robust control based on Linear Matrix Inequalities (LMI). The transformation is obtained by means of the design of a dynamic system (post-filter), which is obtained through the synthesis of robust controllers based on LMl. Thus, performance index in H2, H00, and multi-objective criteria (H2, H00) can be obtained. This formulation allows the application ofany technique of robust control based on LMl's, and the robust fault detection and isolation is guaranteed


The data were collected from 20 Turkish Saanen goats raised in Ismailli village of Tunceli Province during first four weeks of postpartum period. In the research, 10 goats having BCS 1 and 10 goats having BCS 2 were used. The dams in BCS 1 group had showed lower milk fat content as compared to dams in BCS 2 group until third week. The total solids and protein levels of goats did not differ between BCS 1 and BCS 2 groups during all weeks of research. We found positive high correlations between total solids and protein (r=0.997; p<0.01) in BCS 1 group and BCS2 group (r=0.9998; p<0.01). Similar correlations were found for both BCS group in study. From our results, the lower BCS has negative significant influence on the milk fat synthesis for dams having low fat depots. © 2013 Friends Science Publishers


ABSTRACT To get excellent electrical properties of lead-free piezoelectric ceramic (Ba0.85Ca0.15)(Zr0.08Ti0.9Sn0.02)O3 [BCZTS], Bi2O3 was doped to modify BCZTS. The microstructure, phases and electrical properties were investigated by XRD, SEM and ferroelectric test instrument, respectively. The experimental results indicate that the ceramics have pure perovskite structure with 0–0.08 wt.% Bi2O3, indicating that the Bi2O3 diffused into the lattice of BCZTS. And when the content of Bi2O3 reaches to 0.06 wt.%, homogenous microstructure and no pores can be found in ceramic. The ceramic has optimized properties of d33 = 430 pC/N, kp = 49.1%, ϵr = 3998, tan δ = 1.3%. Furthermore, the Curie temperature (Tc) increases firstly and then decreases as increasing the doping amount of Bi2O3. The P-E loops for the ceramics are observed and the value of Pr and Ec is 8.08uC/cm2 and 3.45 kV/cm under 35 kV/cm, respectively.


A rubber composition comprising a blend of natural rubber having a molecular weight distribution, as seen in SEC-MALS, respectively unimodal or bimodal, preparation method and tire component The invention relates to a rubber composition based on at least : - an elastomeric matrix comprising natural rubber, - a reinforcing filler, - a crosslinking system, characterized in that said natural rubber is a blend of (i) a natural rubber having a molecular weight distribution, as seen in SEC- MALS, bimodal and (ii) of a natural rubber having a molecular weight distribution, as seen in SEC-MALS, unimodal and having an initial plasticity index, PO, less than 20, in proportions by mass of from 90: 10 to 20: 80. It also relates to a method for preparing such a composition, a tire component comprising the and a tire comprising the component.


We discuss the general mathematical condition in one-dimensional time-independent quantum mechanics for an energy eigenfunction to have zero curvature over an extended region of space and still be valid. This condition and its solution are not often discussed as part of quantum mechanics texts at any level, yet have interesting consequences for experimental, pedagogical and theoretical investigations of systems with piecewise-constant potential energy functions. We present the solutions for several standard cases in which zero-curvature energy eigenfunctions are allowed as bound states, scattering states and threshold states. These states are of interest to supersymmetric quantum mechanics and the procedures we outline can be used to 'design' quantum wells for studies of wave packet dynamics.


A Fresnel diffraction in the case of an incident astigmatic Gaussian beam on a grating with rectangular profile of transmittance is studied. The analysis is based on the results obtained from the scalar Fresnel-Kirchhoff approximation. The experimental verification of the results is in good agreement with the theory.


Because frequence converter controled by external relay and analog analog quantity is of low stability,incommodious speed regulation and unreliable action,the article researches frequence converter's parameters setting,execute process,communication protocol and the problems that should be paid attention to in utilization process based on FR-E500 series.The driver program of serial communication is designed.


Background
Identifying combinations of the hip and knee joint angles which can selectively recruit specific hamstring muscles may be beneficial for injury prevention or rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to examine the joint torque and electromyographic (EMG) activity of the semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris long head (BFlh).

Methods
Twenty subjects performed maximum isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee flexor efforts at 60°·s-1, 120°·s-1 and 150°·s-1 from three different hip joint angles while surface EMG of ST and BFlh was recorded.

Results
Analysis of variance showed that there are no inter-muscular differences in EMG amplitude across testing conditions (p > .05). Peak EMG occurred near full knee extension for the BFLh and at a higher flexion angle for the ST while exercise from a prone position shifted the peak EMG towards higher knee flexion angle (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
Maximal dynamic knee flexion exercises do not induce a higher EMG amplitude of BFlh or ST. Exercising from a higher hip flexion angle near full knee extension may selectively activate the BFlh.

Level of evidence
IIb.


International diversification enables firms to access new local knowledge and to distribute this knowledge through international transfers within their boundaries. These explorative and exploitative activities allow organizations to take advantage of market imperfections and to gain competitive advantages over their non-international rivals. We adopt an attention perspective to study the interelation of international diversification and ambidexterity and make two claims: First, the focus on international diversification distracts firms from balancing explorative and exploitative activities. Consequently, firms with a high degree of international diversification show lower levels of ambidexterity. Second, and despite firms' lack of attention to ambidexterity, we submit that ambidextrous firms are particularly able to benefit from international diversification. Firms with a high degree of international diversification have the attention capacity and structure to particularly benefit from balancing explorati...


The current paper evaluates the abundance of alien species from Asteraceae and Poaceae families in different types of biotopes. We have discovered species exhibiting eurytopic properties and forming the ecological niches in three or more biotope types and recorded from only two biotope types, including anthropogenic ones. The majority of anthropophytes from Asteraceae family are eurytopes having the potential to move to other biotopes, due to their ecological amplitude and phytocoenotic strategy. Only five species of Poaceae family showed high exploration trend in different habitat types: Setaria viridis (L.) P.Beauv., Bromus tectorum L., B. arvensis L., B. commutatus Schrad., Eragrostis minor Host, and have the potential to further spread. It was found that in contrast to Asteraceae family, where eurytopic species prevail, the Poaceae family has only a third of eurytopes in its overall species composition. Alien species distribution for the protected areas of the Ukrainian forest-steppe by generic floristic spectrum revealed two times higher taxonomic diversity of Asteraceae family than the Poaceae one. Among Asteraceae there are such best-represented genera as Artemisia L., Helianthus L., Xanthium L. The analysis of taxonomic structure of the model protected areas and the evaluation of their participation in the formation of different habitat types suggest a low taxonomic diversity and quite uneven coenotic role of individual anthropophytic taxa. It should be noted that such genera as Phalacroloma Cass., Sonchus L., Xanthium, Bromus Scop. and Setaria P.Beauv. have a particular importance, having the leading


ABSTRACT Team creativity is critical for organization survival, and the quality of team creativity depends on the ideas provided by team members as well as the discussion processes through which teams realize the potential of these ideas. On the basis of the Motivated Information Processing in Groups (MIP-G) model, which suggests that the quality of group decisions is a function of the interaction between epistemic motivation and social motivation, we examined (1) the effects that teams' need for cognition (an antecedent of epistemic motivation) and (2) the effects that a team's psychological safety climate (an antecedent of social motivation) have on team members' information elaboration. We hypothesized that, through information elaboration, these two factors interact with each other in their effects on team creativity. A survey of 106 teams from 87 companies was conducted, and the results of the subsequent analysis of data provide some support for the MIP-G model. Psychological safety climate and the need for cognition were positively associated with team creativity through information elaboration. However, we did not find support for the interaction effect, in contrast to assumptions in the MIP-G model.


Abstract >> In this study, ash free coals(AFCs) were produced with lignite and anthracite coals in a microwave.The AFCs were analyzed with proximate analysis, fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), X-ray diffractionanalysis, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The extraction yields of the AFCs were 16.4 wt%, 7.6 wt% atlignite and anthracite coal, respectively. The chemical and physical properties of the AFCs were similar regardless of the original coal types. Oxidation behavior of the AFCs was investigated by supplying a mixture of 3g of AFCand 3g of electrolyte into the coin-type molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC). For the evaluation of AFC fuel performance, electrochemical analysis of the steady-state polarization and step-chronopotentiometry were conductedbased on the standard hydrogen fuel (69 mol% H 2 , 17 mol% CO 2 , 14 mol% H 2 O). The AFCs showed similar electrochemical oxidation behaviors regardless of the original coal types. The overvoltage of the AFCs was largerthan the hydrogen fuel, although OCV of the AFCs was higher.Key words : Ash free coal(초청정석탄), Solvent extraction(용매 추출), Lignite(갈탄), Anthracite coal(무연탄),Molten carbonate fuel cell(용융탄산염형 연료전지)


We consider adaptive importance sampling for a Markov chain with scoring. It is shown that convergence to the zero-variance importance sampling chain for the mean total score occurs exponentially fast under general conditions. These results extend previous work in Kollman (1993) and in Kollman et al. (1999) for finite state spaces.


The current social endowment insurance system overcomes the drawbacks of the traditional insurance pattern and meanwhile encounters some new problems.In the gathering of the fund for endowment insurance,there are the problems that the coverage of basic endowment insurance is rather narrow and the source of the fund is unitary,and that companies involved in insurance evade payment of social insurance.The key to solving the problem is to enhance the awareness of paying fee,to examine different links in the collection of endowment insurance,to impose social protection tax.In the paying of the endowment insurance,aging trend,together with younger retirement age and historical debt,has a strong impact on the payment of endowment insurance.This author holds the view that only when flexible employment and retirement system has been established and invisible debt has been gradually eradicated,can we solve the problem of fund deficit in endowment insurance.


The pallet loading problem in lamps and lighting factory is difficult to solve, due to the variance in the size of the boxes and pallets for use in the loading activity. In this paper, the problem is solved using a modified evolutionary algorithm for allocating all of the boxes to the pallet. The results were then compared with the actual results of the allocations in the past. The comparison showed that the results from the algorithm overcame the actual results in terms of the number of pallets used and the calculating time. That means that the algorithm is suitable for solving the multi-size pallet loading problem in this case study.


The guy who comes out of the northeast, the northeast does not mean that it came out. Being Carioca does not mean losing the Northeast. Not to rant does not mean not to be a poet. The absence of dreams does not mean losing hope. Being northeastern is to move in cultural borderlines from the local to global,


Traditional children's songs, as a branch of literature, are of profound charm. The paper offers a significant research on Chinese children's songs, focusing on their stylistic features from the perspectives of linguistic features and context of situation.


OBJECTIVES
This is a retrospective study of 1,042 new acceptors of injectable progestogen-only contraceptives at the family planning clinic of the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a five year period from 1st January 2001 to 31st December 2004. The total number of new clients seen during this period was 4,752. 41.1% of these new clients chose condoms as a contraceptive method, 32.2% accepted IUCD, 21.9% accepted injectable progestogen-only contraceptive 08% accepted implants, 3.9% combined oral contraceptive pills and 0.1% bilateral tubal ligation. Of the acceptors of injectable progestogen, 59.5% used depo medroxyprogesterone acetate while 40.5% used norethisterone enanthate. 59.5% of the acceptors belonged to the 30 - 39 years age bracket and 36.2% were grandmultiparous women Injectable progestogen-only contraceptives are among the safest and most effective contraceptive methods available. The two commonly available types are Depot Medroxyprogesterone acetate and Norethisterone enanthate. This study looked at the clinical experience with this form of contraceptive at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH).

METHOD
The case notes of new clients that accepted injectable progestogen-only contraceptive at the family planning clinic of the UITH between June 2001 and December 2004 were analysed.

RESULTS
Injectable progestogen-only contraceptive was the third most commonly accepted method of contraception at UITH during the study period. 59.5% of clients belonged to the 30-39 year age group, 63.5% of them were para 1-4 and 36.2% were grandmultiparous women. 59.8% of the clients were educated up to the secondary level or above. There was no pregnancy reported during the study period. 29.9% of clients experienced various forms of side effects, the commonest of which was menstrual irregularities.

CONCLUSION
Injectable progestogen-only contraceptive is widely accepted by women in this centre. Its use cuts across women of all age groups, parities, religion and level of education.


The present invention relates to the phrases for cephalopod junak not have hooks that are used to capture, such as octopus or jjukkumi from the sea is relatively depths of less than 10m, shallow, more particularly, to capture the octopus or jjukkumi mainly inhabit the bottom If the junak all ritjul for released into the sea to move with the ship engine damage that phrase hanging at regular intervals on all ritjul for junak due to mitgeolrim by allowing you to move smoothly rather take on obstacles such as rocks, plants phrase for not only can help you, octopus or jjukkumi attached to the phrase without fear of injury hands when removing an octopus or jjukkumi attached to the phrase in the process of raising kicked junak simultaneously to allow detachable faster, more secure junak prevent the phrase suspended at regular intervals in all ritjul are so prevented from being tangled with each other And to dramatically improve the operating rate, and integrally formed by insert molding so that the built-in additional weight to adjust the buoyancy to the inside of the word unit to prevent oxidation of the weight of weight due to water flows, so to be able to greatly improve the durability no hooks for phrases related to cephalopods, which junak.


Objective To observe the changes of cardiac troponim T(cTnT) before and after radiofrequency catheter ablation(RFCA),and estimate the therapeutical effects on paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia(PSVT) by using RFCA and the correlation between the extent of myocardial injuries in the different section of heart and the factors of RFCA.Methods Choose 75 patients of PSVT who would make use of RFCA.In accordance with the section which would be operated with RFCA,the patients were divided into two groups,the ventricle group(n=34) and the atrium group(n=41).Blood samples were taken for measuring concentrations of cTnT and the indexes about the cardiac systolic function were done before and after RFCA in both of the two groups.Results cTnT is remarkably higher during the period of 4~24 hours after RFCA than before.Increasing multiples of cTnT in linearity have nothing to do with the section and times of RFCA,while have positive correlation with numbers of target points.The patients in ventricle group are remarkably higher than those in atrium group(P0.05),while the cardiac systolic function of the two groups have no remarkably changes.Conclusion RFCA may result in minor myocardiac damage,which has no affection on heart function;the extent of heart injuries to the patients used RFCA in atrium is less than those used RFCA in ventricle;and RFCA in atrium is secure and effective for PSVT.


Objective:To observe the efficiacy of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate treating children with midrange asthma.Methods:Selected 136 cases with midrange asthma from January 2009 to January 2011 in our hospital.Those cases were divided into salmeterol groups and salmeterol added fluticasone propionate group.After followed-up 1 year,we surveyed their PEF variation before and after treatment.Results:After treatment the therapy group was superior to control group in some aspects,such as the times of enter emergence clinical,PEF and the no symptoms lifelong.Conclusion:The therapy of Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate is superior to salmeterol single therapy.


Parameters and dynamics of the electron beam of the Novosibirsk infrared Free Electron Laser (NovoFEL) are studied. The Novosibirsk FEL is based on the multi-turn Energy Recovery Linac (ERL). The ERL operates in CW mode with an average beam current of about 5 mA. Therefore non-destructive beam diagnostic methods are preferable. The beam energy at the last track of the ERL is 42 MeV. As a result, a significant part of synchrotron radiation from bending magnets is in the visible range and can be used for diagnostic purposes. Besides it, the diagnostics utilising optical transition radiation (OTR) is applied. The transverse beam dimensions were measured before (with OTR) and after (synchrotron radiation from a bending magnet) the undulator is applied for generating middle-infrared coherent radiation. The obtained data are used to calculate the Twiss parameters in the OTR observation point and beam emittance on the 4th track of the NovoFEL. The influence of the lasing on the transverse beam profile was studied as well. INTRODUCTION The Novosibirsk FEL facility [1] includes three FELs. All the FELs use the electron beam of the same multi-turn energy recovery linac. The layout of Novosibirsk FEL is shown in Fig. 1. The third FEL is installed on the fourth track of the ERL and electron energy here is 42 MeV. The beam from the injector is four times accelerated before it is used in the undulator of the third FEL. The used beam is four times decelerated in the same RF structure and absorbed in the beam dump. Figure 1: Layout of the Novosibirsk FEL. The first lasing of the third FEL was obtained in summer 2015. The designed power is 1 kilowatt at a repetition rate of 3.75 MHz. Operation with implementation of the electron outcoupling scheme of laser radiation has started recently [2]. In order to tune it we have to know the incoming beam parameters. It is impossible just to calculate them because there are a lot factors influencing beam dynamics from the electron gun performance up to the accelerator lattice structure. Considering this problem it was proposed to organize a new beam diagnostics station in order to measure the Twiss parameters of the incoming electron beam.


This paper describes two methods to specify timing constraints in behavioral VHDL for high-level synthesis purposes. The first method specifies timing constraints on sequences of statements by using predefined procedures. The second method provides support for specification of timing constraints across process borders based on concurrent assert statements on signal events. The paper discusses also an approach to synthesize hardware with timing constraints and concentrates in particular on how to ensure consistency between the behavior of the simulation model and that of the synthesized hardware.


Hedgehog is a new concept for a robot that is specifically designed to overcome the challenges of traversing small solar system bodies.


This article provides a review of empirical research into nanoscience and -technology (NST) education at the secondary school level with regards to (a) teaching strategies or laboratory experiments implemented and evaluated for their impact on student learning about nanotechnology aspects, (b) concept inventories and methods used to assess students' conceptual understanding, as well as (c) students' conceptions and learning difficulties. A database search was used to identify corresponding studies published over the last decade (2012-2021) of which eleven were included in the synthesis for further analyses after screening for eligibility. The analysis revealed that learning difficulties regarding NST topics such as the differentiation between size and scale, the surface area to volume ratio or size dependent properties are widely prevalent among learners according to the current state of the literature. While our analysis identified emerging perspectives for future research with regards to the development of psychometrically characterized concept inventories in particular and empirical investigations into students' learning progressions on nanoscience concepts in more general, a huge effort has already been put into the development of teaching concepts or laboratory experiments suitable for secondary school classrooms.


Canard configurations, having modular flexibility, are attractive candidates for modern guided weaponry. Roll control of such configurations requires careful aerodynamic design. Elaborate computations are, however, prohibitive. The paper presents a simplified mathematical model predicting induced rolling moments of slender cruciform canard configurations with reasonable engineering accuracy. It is based on a classical vortex model improved by considering tail-body interference both on vortex trajectories and the roll influence function. Comparison to wind-tunnel data at M = 2.25 for small angles of attack was satisfactory. The method can be extended for higher angles of attack and to include computation of induced forces and lateral moments .


This paper investigates the global exponential robust stability of reaction-diffusion Hopfield neural networks with S-type distributed delays.By means of the topological degree theory M-function,M-matrix,and general Halanay inequality technique,easily verifiable suffcient conditions to guarantee the exponential robust stability of an equilibrium solution associated with temporally uniform external inputs are obtained,without assuming the monotonicity and differentiability of activation functions.The results are new and helpful for designs and applications of neural networks.


Most of the Northern cities lack water.In n the process of urban greening and beatifying,how to make waterscape not only satisfy the function of landscape,but also save water,has become the urgent problem.To save water conservation,to reduce consumption,to maximize its effectiveness,we must change patterns of water application from"water consumption of landscape"to"water-saving landscape",so as to step on a sustainable,healthy development road.


Information for NIH and NSF Grant Writers Books and journals at Dartmouth College Library for grant writers in the health sciences


Summary form only given. Vertical external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) are attractive due to their potential for wavelength versatility, power scaling and spectrally/temporally controlled output. VECSELs based on InGaAs quantum wells with AlGaAs/GaAs Bragg reflectors have been employed in compact CW configurations for pumping of erbium fiber amplifiers, intracavity absorption spectroscopy and compact intracavity second-harmonic generation. Work employing GaAs quantum well structures to produce laser oscillation centered around 860 nm has shown that different material systems can be used to access other wave-lengths and that single-frequency operation can readily be achieved. We describe the intracavity second-harmonic generation of a single-frequency GaAs VECSEL.


Background: Pregnancy and childbirth are specific burden for a woman. However, not all pregnancy and childbirth make husband, mother and healthy baby happy. Pregnant women deal with mild to severe emergency situation which impact to life threatening condition, discomfort, dissatisfaction, pain, disability and even death for low to high risk pregnancy women who experience complications in labor. K4 coverage data in Sidotopo Wetan Surabaya public health center for the last 5 years was as follows in 2013 was 70%, 2014 was 70%, 2015 was 91.99%, 2016 is 66% and year 2017 was 74 %. SPM target have not achieved that is in 2015 (95%) and in 2016 (100%) (Sidotopo Wetan Public Health Center, 2017).Method: This research was an observational analytic research with cross sectional approach. The sample was 44 respondents with consecutive Sampling. The independent variable in this research was husband support. Data collection was collected with questionnaires and pregnant women visit data. Data was analysis with Chi Square test. Results: Most of pregnant women who received good husbands support had antenatal care regularly, 24 subjects (54.5%) and pregnant women who received less husband support were less common had regular antenatal care, 9 subjects (20.5%). The result of chisquare test shows that p = 0,00 with positive direction, so there is relationship between husband support with maternity antenatal care regularity at Sidotopo Wetan Surabaya Public Health Center. Conclusion: good husbands support could improve a mother to do ANC, unfortunately bad support from a husband hence not conducting ANC. Keywords: ANC, Pregnancy, Husbands support


CASE REPORT A 49-year-old man carried out a scuba dive at 33-m depth during 40 minutes; the water temperature was 18 C. During the descent, after several Valsalva maneuvers to equalize middle ear and ambient pressures, he felt a left temporal pain. On exit from the water, he complained about a discomfort in the left eye. Clinical examination revealed an isolated, spontaneous, permanent, and moderate left ptosis with no oculomotor disorder or abnormal papillary reflex (Figure 1). Tonometry, Lancaster test, and examination of visual acuity and visual field were normal. The computed tomography scans showed a hyperdense and biconvex mass coupled with the orbital roof, which compressed the levator muscle of the upper eyelid (Figure 2). The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans excluded a vascular malformation. The coagulation checkup was normal. The progression was quickly favorable with anti-inflammatory treatment leading to the disappearance of the ptosis in 10 days. After 6 weeks, MRI showed complete resolution of the hematoma. Six months after onset, he resumed diving and to date has completed more than 20 dives without complications or other disorders. DISCUSSION Valsalva maneuver may induce hemorrhagic ocular lesions including retinopathy, maculopathy, or orbital hematoma. The disorders are attributed to the circulatory changes induced by the maneuver, whereby forced expiration against the closed glottis leads to an increase in intrathoracic and central venous pressure. Venous return to the heart is decreased and peripheral venous pressure rises. The rise in intraocular venous pressure may result in rupture of capillaries. Valsalva maneuvers employed in various sports activities such as weight lifting, strength athletics, or aerobic exercise may lead to ocular lesions. During a dive, the Valsalva maneuver is used to equalize middle ear and ambient pressures during the descent to prevent middle ear barotrauma. In addition to the Valsalva maneuver, the hemorrhagic ocular lesions may also have been facilitated by the water immersion. Indeed, during immersion, the hydrostatic pressure limits the distension of the vessels with a flexible wall in the soft tissues, thereby redistributing blood toward the more rigid thoracic cage. The central venous pressure increases by at least 10 mm Hg in water immersion in comparison with ambient air. In our case, the ptosis observed after the dive was attributed to a subperiosteal hematoma. The absence of valves in the intraorbital veins facilitates transmission of this hyperpressure into the orbit. As the periosteum is weakly adherent, the subperiosteal veins may rupture. Nontraumatic subperiosteal orbital hemorrhage can induce a unilateral or bilateral ptosis with proptosis, a deviation of the ocular globe and a limitation of its elevation. Computed tomography scan or MRI is helpful to diagnose, localize, and follow up a causal orbital hematoma. In common with other case reports, the hematoma was located in the orbital roof of our patient. The treatment is generally medical, including antiedema drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs, and antiglaucomatous treatment. It should include correction of promoting factors such as vascular malformation, coagulopathy, or infection. Surgical drainage is indicated for patients with acute compression of the optic nerve. The course is usually


Introduction The Endometriosis Fertility Index (EFI) is a validated score for predicting the postoperative spontaneous pregnancy rate in patients undergoing endometriosis surgery. However, the practical use of the EFI to advise patients about postoperative fertility management is unclear. Materials and methods All patients participating in the ENDOQUAL study–a prospective observational bi-center cohort study conducted between 01/2012 and 06/2018–who underwent surgery for infertility were asked to complete a questionnaire collecting time and mode of conception. Statistical analysis was performed with the Fine and Gray model of competing risks and analysis of fertility according to the EFI. Results Of the 234 patients analyzed, 104 (44.4%) conceived postoperatively including 58 (55.8%) spontaneous pregnancies. An EFI of 0–4 for spontaneous pregnancies was associated with a lower cumulative pregnancy incidence compared to an EFI of 5–10 (52 versus 34 pregnancies respectively, Subdistribution Hazard Ratio (SHR) = 0.47; 95% CI [0.2; 1.1]; p = 0.08). An EFI of 0–4 was associated with a higher cumulative pregnancy rate for pregnancies obtained by artificial reproduction technology (ART), compared to an EFI of 5–10 (12 versus 6 pregnancies respectively, SHR = 1.9; CI95% [0.96; 3.8]; p = 0.06). Fecundability decreased from 12 months for EFI 0–4 and from 24 months for EFI 5–10. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that patients with an unfavorable EFI (≤4) have more ART pregnancies than patients with a favorable EFI (≥5) and should be referred for ART shortly after surgery. Patients with a favorable EFI may attempt spontaneous pregnancy for 24 months before referral.


For an odd prime p, we show that the p-primary homotopy exponent of Harper's rank 2 finite mod- pH -space Kp is p p 2 +p . We then use this to show that the 3-primary homotopy exponent of each of the exceptional Lie groups F4 and E6 is 3 12 .


347Background: Symptomatic toxicities associated with anticancer treatments are at high risk of under-reporting by clinicians. However, insufficient evidence is available for urothelial carcinoma. To compare toxicity reporting by patients and clinicians in urothelial carcinoma patients who received systemic chemotherapy. Methods: Between June 2013 and March 2016, 100 urothelial carcinoma patients who received two courses of chemotherapy of gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GCis) or gemcitabine plus carboplatin (GCb) were included in this study. Outcome Measurements and Statistical Analysis: During chemotherapy, patients answered QLQ-C30 quality of life (QOL) questionnaires, which included questions on four toxicity-related symptoms (appetite loss, nausea, constipation, and diarrhea). Clinicians evaluated adverse events using CTCAE v4.0. Differences in toxicity reporting were retrospectively compared between patients and clinicians. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate potential factors for...


X‐ray laminography, a tomographic technique that can examine individual planes of focus within a 3‐D structure, promises to be an excellent method of inspecting complicated circuit boards. The technique has accuracy appropriate for circuit board inspection, but the application has been limited by the requirements of synchronized motion of the source and detector, a sophisticated X‐ray device and a huge image acquiring system. A new translational laminography system is presented. The X‐ray source and detector described are stationary. Translation of the XY table is only the mechanical motion required to generate the laminographic image. Based on this system, a new image separation algorithm is also explained. This algorithm uses a recursive process with a simple mathematical function, which is derived analytically by the X‐ray projection geometry. To evaluate the proposed method, an X‐ray imaging system has been constructed. From the test sample experiments, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithm allows cleanly separated images with fewer artifacts than the one obtained by conventional laminography.


Abstract SUMMARY. The objective of the present study was to investigate the feasibility of a DNA vaccine and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) to protect chickens against infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) infection. Two plasmids DNA carrying VP2 genes of the very virulent (vv) strain of IBDV were constructed with reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and designated as pcDNA3.1-VP2 and pCI-VP2. The VP2 protein expressed in COS-7 cells transfected with the plasmid was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. Seven-day-old chickens were intramuscularly injected with the plasmids alone or plus commercial attenuated infectious bursal disease (IBD) vaccine or synthetic CpG ODN twice at weekly intervals. Chickens at 5 wk old were orally inoculated with vvIBDV strain 99J1 and observed for 7 days after challenge. Immunization with plasmid plus commercial attenuated IBD vaccine or CpG ODN conferred protection for 70%–80% of chickens, as evidenced by the absence of clinical signs, mortality, and atrophy in the cloacal bursa. About 25%–45% of chickens vaccinated with commercial attenuated IBD vaccine or pcDNA3.1-VP2 or pCI-VP2 plasmid alone had clinical signs and died after challenge. Furthermore, there were significantly different histopathologic lesion scores in the clocal bursae between the pcDNA3.1-VP2 or pCI-VP2 plus CpG or live vaccine and pcDNA3.1-VP2, pCI-VP2, or live vaccine vaccinated group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay antibody titers in chickens vaccinated the constructs DNA plus live vaccine or CpG ODN were significantly higher than in those inoculated with the constructs or the live vaccine alone. These results suggest that coadministration of the constructed plasmid pcDNA3.1-VP2 or pCI-VP2 with CpG ODN or commercial attenuated IBD vaccine could protect chickens efficiently from direct vvIBDV challenge.


— After 2001 the upgraded ep collider HERA will provide an about five times higher luminosity for the two experiments H1 and ZEUS. In order to cope with the ex- pected higher event rates the H1 collaboration is building a track based trigger system, the Fast Track Trigger (FTT). It will be integrated in the first three levels (L1–L3) of the H1 trigger scheme to provide higher selectivity for events with charged particles. The FTT will allow to reconstruct 3-dimensional tracks in the central drift chamber down to 100 MeV/c within the L2 latency of ∼ 23 µ s. To reach the necessary momentum resolution of ∼ 5% (at 1 GeV/c) sophisticated reconstruction algorithms have to be implemented using high density Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) and their embedded Content Addressable Memo-ries (CAM). The final track parameter optimization will be done using non-iterative fits implemented in DSPs. While at the first trigger level rough track information will be pro- vided, at L2 tracks with high resolution are available to form trigger decisions on topological and other track based cri- teria like multiplicities and momenta. At the third trigger level a farm of commercial processor boards will be used to compute physics quantities such as invariant masses.


Using unsaturated polyester resin, the impact of changes in the fluidity of the polymer concrete compressive strength and the curing temperature and the change in the proportion of subjects tested, and the test results, the amount of the subject increased liquidity improved, however, to decrease the compressive strengthshowed that the compressive strength due to the increase of the curing temperature changes of the curing temperature of 30 ℃ than 40 ℃ lower initial strength, compressive strength after 3 days of it was increased.


Experiment was carried out to determine the leaf electrolyte leakage, photosynthesis speed and chlorophyll content of carambola with different ploids, the results showed that triploid carambola had more strong chilling resistance than carambola with tetraploid and diploid, and there was no different in heat tolerance between tetraploid and diploid carambola. Besides, different ploid carambola had the different photosynthesis speed, the tetraploid was the highest, then following the triploid and diploid. triploid carambola had the highest chlorophyll content while the diploid had the lowest.


Laboratories studying the anisotropic rotational diffusion of bromobenzene using nuclear spin relaxation and molecular dynamics simulations are described. For many undergraduates, visualizing molecular motion is challenging. Undergraduates rarely encounter laboratories that directly assess molecular motion, and so the concept remains an abstraction. Spin relaxation and molecular dynamics simulations are complementary tools in studying molecular motion in solution. Simulations allow direct visualization of motion. Comparison of simulation results to experimental spin relaxation results enables discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. Performance of spin relaxation experiments in addition broadens undergraduate perceptions of the utility of NMR spectroscopy. Laboratories which enable the study of the motion of small molecules by both techniques are presented.


(57) Abstract: A method for purifying alkoxylated fats by treatment with a solid substance, wherein the solid material used is a mixture of aluminum oxide and silicates.


The development of children (ages 2 to 49 months) of mentally ill mothers was compared with that of children of matched "well" mothers. The children of mentally ill mothers scored lower on measures of intelligence and had a less adaptive coping style in the testing situation. The children of "well" mothers were more socially competent; that is, they sought the attention of adults more often, responded more to social initiatives, displayed more positive affect, and sent clearer signals. Clinical data on the children of mentally ill mothers complemented the research data, indicating that these children displayed problems in the areas of interpersonal relationships, verbal-conceptual functioning, attentional skills, and mood and affect.


The title of this editorial may have existential and philosophical implications but for our purposes is designed to reflect a more everyday requirement. That is to demonstrate to the public that the treatments we purvey are effective in managing their complaints. The need to demonstrate effectiveness is a rational one both in terms of spending healthcare budgets wisely and avoiding unnecessary and useless treatments. A review article in this month's issue sum-marises the evidence for effectiveness of treatment in a number of common ENT conditions. 1 As Seymour states in her article, ENT operations have frequently come under fire, including recently in a BMJ article that stated: '…grommets is an operation (like tonsillectomy) of private practice, in middle class children of families whose standard mantra is " something has to be done " …'. 2 Seymour reviews a number of conditions , and points out that surgical treatment often produces parallel benefits in such things as education, behaviour, confidence and neurocognitive abilities that are often not the principle outcome. Particularly with regard to tonsil surgery, the evidence is conflicting , with some studies suggesting that surgery should be reserved for only a more severe group of patients with airway obstruction or severe tonsillitis. 3 Reporting of outcome is clearly important, including an honest appraisal of the chance of adverse events. 4 Perhaps the most contentious area when it comes to outcome assessment is in rhinology, and it is notable that this subspecialty was not covered by Seymour in her review. Rhinologists are well aware that the fundamental problem in outcome assessment is that symptoms and patient-reported outcomes frequently correlate poorly with objective measures of nasal function. There have been many assessments of nasal outcome, including from a cost–benefit standpoint. 5 The most used instruments have been the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-22 ('SNOT-22') score and Lund– MacKay computed tomography score, with additional ones such as the Adelaide Disease Severity Score being recently added. 6 In this issue, Haye and colleagues suggest an alternative 'nasal surgical question-naire' for outcome assessment that focuses more on nasal obstruction, which they feel is the principle symptom that should be taken into account when assessing the results of surgery. 7 Finally, the effect of the weather on post-tonsillectomy haemorrhage is considered in an article by Cadd and colleagues. 8 They found that seasonality had no influence on haemorrhage rates, unlike a previous study from Scotland 9 that …


Using polysomnography, the gold standard for sleep assessment, this study aimed to describe the objective prevalence of insomnia in the São Paulo, Brazil, Epidemiologic Sleep Study cohort of 1,101 adults (20–80 years old).


This article explores De Correspondent as a specific example of slow journalism that aims to establish an alternative for quality journalism governed by the objectivity regime. It offers an analysis of the way the platform redefines journalism's quality standards against the background of the tension between traditional modernistic claims to truth and competing postmodern ideas on the social construction of knowledge. Moreover, the article examines how these ideals are translated into journalistic texts. The article argues that both in its rhetoric and in its actual practice, the articles in De Correspondent deviate from the principles of quality journalism under the objectivity regime. They are structured around the mediating subjectivity of the journalists and are thus openly subjective. Yet, they also draw on empirical research and scientific knowledge. Moreover, they are transparent about the reporting process, which through their reflection becomes an integral part of the story itself. Thus, being transparent about their combination of different forms of knowledge, rooted in more traditional rational-positivistic inquiry as well as in personal experience and emotion, they try to reconcile the tension between the modernist and postmodernist claims to truth.


"Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night"(以下简称"Do Not")一诗是威尔士诗人代伦·托玛斯(Dylan Thomas,1914-1953)1951-52年的作品。原诗如下:Do not go gentle into that good night,old age Should burn and rave at Close Of day;Rage,rage against the dying of the light.Though wise men at their end know dark is right,Because their words had forked no lightning theyDo not go gentle into that good night.Good men,the last wave by,crying how brightTheir frail deedS might have danced in a green bay,Rage,rage against the dying of the light.


Until recently, Critical Race Theory (CRT) concerned itself primarily with the impact of domestic law on the struggle for racial justice in the United States, despite the long history of internationalist race critical thought and activism within important segments of the American Civil Rights movement. The rise of the LatCrit movement and Asian Pacific American Critical Theory have introduced an internationalist focus that may enable significant advances in the way CRT scholars conceptualize the relationship among identity, liberation and law. This is because both movements focus on transnational and intersectional racialized identities as an avenue of critical insight into the historical processes and contemporary institutional arrangements that initially produced and are today reflected in globalized regimes of white supremacy. The emergent body of scholarship is powerful evidence that transnational identities can offer a compelling vantage point from which to examine international regimes of il/legality, their discourses of legitimation, their structures and disjunctures and the implications of their histories, current trends and future trajectories for the antisubordination struggles of peoples of color, both within the United States and beyond. At the same time that LatCrit and APACrit scholars have worked to expand CRT beyond its domestic law orientation, some international law scholars have begun to import conceptual frameworks and methodologies developed in postcolonial and cultural studies into the critical analysis of international law. In particular, international law scholars associated with New Approaches to International Law (NAIL) and Third World Approaches to International Law (TWAIL) have produced important works analyzing the role of inter/national legal regimes in the production of hierarchy, both within states and across the interstate system. This work is potentially of great interest in furthering the evolution of RaceCrit social justice agendas, at least to the extent that it addresses the sociolegal dimensions of power and hierarch—


In this article, we are concerned with the semantics of a single particle of Bella Coola. Formally, particles occur as loosely bound elements restricted to the Comment constituent of a sentence.' The function of particles in general is to indicate the relationship between the participants of the Speech Act and the Narrated Event.2 Each particle indicates a specific relationship. The particles as a group systematically mark a deviation from or a suspension of the normal relationship that exists between the Speaker and Hearer and the Narrated Event. Our purpose here is to concentrate on one particle-su-in order (1) to explicate the semantics of su and (2) to illustrate


Abstract : The dry living tularemia vaccine of NIIEG, prepared from vaccinal strains, is capable of preserving its activity for a long time (up to 1.5-2 years). Of the two strains proposed by Gaiskii - Ondatra IV and No. 15 - the most suitable for vaccination of men is the strain No. 15. The dry living tularemia vaccine from the strain No. 15 Possesses high immunogenic properties both for laboratory animals (guinea pigs and white mice) and for men. The safety of the dry living tularemia vaccine has been demonstrated on experimental animals and on a large number of men (over 30,000 men have been inoculated). For vaccination of men it is recommended that the dry living tularemia vaccine be employed once in doses ranging from 10 to 25 million microbes. The new strain No. 10 which we found was high immunogenic properties and can apparently be, after a preliminary testing on men, employed for preparation of a polyvaient dry living tularemia vaccine.