The growth in mobile broadband technologies coupled with increasing smartphone penetration, that has placed intelligence at the network's edge, has enabled over-the-top (OTT) players to compete with traditional network operators in the ICT industry. This research analysed a selection of proposed strategies in literature that could be employed by a network operator in order to remain competitive in the OTT environment. These strategies were then imported into a Fuzzy Cognitive Map (FCM) together with the elements of the V4 business model for network operators proposed by Al-Debei & Avison, 2009. Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCM) are a fast emerging tool that can be used to model relationships between concepts and determine the strength of impact of these relationships. The FCM weights were generated by gathering data from sources in the industry by means of an electronic survey. This data was imported into the FCMapper tool and simulated to predict the impacts of the external factors on the operators business model and to determine the indegree outdegree of each item in the environment. The research serves as a proof of concept for the application of FCM's to a complex and dynamic industry environment. Applications of FCMs in this way can be used as a tool for analysts and strategists in the industry to support business and strategic decision making.


This paper seeks to verify the opportunity (ies) if any, that exporting garments under the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) presents to Ghana both at the macro and micro levels. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques, a to


The cardiac cycle in dogs starts with an isovolumic period in which there is shortening of the base-to-apex length with an increase in cross-sectional area. Total shortening is about one-fourth of that in open-chest dogs. Minimal changes in base-to-apex length occur during the ejection phase, and there is a typical pattern of decrease in cross-sectional area. During isovolumic relaxation, the left ventricular base-to-apex length increases. Rapid filling is characterized by a sudden increase in cross-sectional area and is followed by a diastasis of varying lengths. Atrial systole is associated with a sudden significant increase in cross-sectional area and a decrease in base-to-apex length. The magnitude of change in cross-sectional area about the left ventricle during ejection may be used as an index of stroke volume. Our studies suggest that the ventricle contracts in an "eccentric manner," and relaxes in a "concentric fashion." Simultaneous monitoring of the instantaneous changes in cross-sectional area and circumference about the middle of the left ventricle may be used as an index of its efficiency of contraction in awake, intact dogs.


Type I sialidosis (ST‐1) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder. To date, there has been no study on ST‐1 patients in mainland China.


A data transmission in a digital mobile communication system employing a so-called multi-channel access technique, in which one or more traffic channels may be allocated to a mobile station for data transmission in accordance with the data transfer rate required by the application using the mobile station. Upon establishing a data call, the mobile station indicates to the mobile communication network the maximum and optionally the minimum requirements for the user data transfer rate. The mobile communication network assigns the mobile station for a data call a channel configuration consisting of one or more traffic channels in connection with call set-up or handover, the channel configuration depending on the resources currently available in the mobile communication network and enabling performance of the data channel, which is not lower than the minimum requirement and not higher than the maximum requirement.


Since Nagoya protocol is entering into force, it has become very important issue to find alternative herb with similar efficacy. To find out alternative herbs, we adopted MeSH which contains semantic information derived from papers in the MEDLINE database which covers the medical, pharmaceutical, and biological worldwide research. Among 16 categories of MeSH, we chose 3 categories which are related to herbal efficacy. And we surveyed the advanced research addressing the MeSH semantic measure and selected the most accurate measure which is validated from the research. And we designed the algorithm which is composed of three steps; first we build corpus using MeSH tags of papers which are dealing with 4176 species of native Korean plants. Second we search papers of target herb and native plants respectively using scientific names and extract MeSH tags in it. Third we calculate the similarity between target herb and each native plant using MeSH similarity. In this paper, we proposed the algorithm to find out the herbs with similar efficacy. Now we are under implementation of the algorithm and are going to do in vitro experiments to measure the accuracy of algorithm.


Objective To investigate the application of antibacterials in clinical pediatry,so as to provide evidence for rational application of antimicrobials clinically. Methods Two hundred and forty filed medical records from pediatric patients discharged from the hospital in 2012 were selected and analyzed. The medical data included gender,age,length of hospital stay,diagnosis upon admission and discharge,the application of antibiotics,compatibility and combination of drugs,microbial laboratory detection etc.Results( 1) Respiratory diseases were the most common disorders among the pediatric patients,accounting for 31. 18%,and were followed by nervous system diseases,accounting for 18. 63%.( 2) The application rate of antibacterials among the 227 pediatric patients was 94. 58%,and the percentage of antibacterial drug combination accounted for 56. 83%.( 3) The rate of microbial laboratory detection was 17. 18%,and of the 52 samples sent for laboratory detection,16 samples had pathogenic bacteria growth( 30. 77%).Conclusion Irrational use of antibacterials in the pediatric department of the hospital was quite common,which remained to be rectified.


The research advances in Terminalia billerica( Gaertn.) Roxb. in recent years were systematically discussed from several aspects including chemical composition study,chemical elements study,pharmacological research and clinical application.


This chapter examines manpower mobilization for the Indian Army. It deals with four issues: which communities were recruited, the reasons for recruiting only certain communities, the actual mechanism of recruitment, and the measures undertaken by the imperialists to keep the colonial soldiers loyal. It also shows the shifts in the theory and practice of recruitment that enabled the colonial Indian Army to wage "Total War" instead of merely small wars. The chapter recounts how the Raj updated the martial race theory and replaced the regimental recruitment system with territorial or area recruitment. It refers to the armed forces that constituted the ultimate line of defense against both the internal and external threats of the British government in India.


The purpose of the present investigation was to study the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol metabolism, a number of biochemical plasma parameters, and the elastic properties of the arterial wall in the late period in victims with severe mechanical injury (SMI) and impaired hemodynamics. Material and methods. The investigation included 13 persons who had experienced SMI and blood loss with impaired hemodynamics. This involved three stages: 1) at the end of the first day; 2) on days 15—30 following injury; 3) 1—5 years after SMI. The concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase were determined. Very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterols were calculated by the Friedwald formula. An oscillometric analyzer (APKO-8-RITs) was used to record central hemodynamic parameters and vascular elastic properties. Results. There was a decrease in cholesterol levels and an increase in AST and ALT activities at the end of the first day. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was in the normal range. There was a reduction in AST and ALT on days 15—30 after injury. Enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity was observed at the same time. There was a considerable decrease in HDL cholesterol with the normal level of LDL cholesterol. The level of total cholesterol was in the normal range. The activities of AST and ALT were in the normal range at Stage 3 following 1—5 years after injury. At the same time, the activity of alkaline phosphatase remained increased. The content of HDL cholesterol having antiatherogenic properties remained lower although this parameter tended to become normal: there was an average increase by 33.9%. There was a decrease in arterial wall compliance and an increase in the speed of pulse wave propagation in the group of the examinees. Conclusion. The change in biochemical parameters in victims in the late period after SMI suggests that there is a gradual tendency for the parameters of lipid metabolism to normalize. The results of a study of the elastic properties of the arterial wall are indicative of increased vascular rigidity in the victims in the late period after SMI along with hemodynamic disorders.


Graphics Processing Units (GPU) has been widely used in the area of general computing. Nowadays, CFD has dramatically benefited from the strong abilities of floating-point operation and memory bandwidth of GPU architecture. Lots of GPU-based CFD solvers have already shown that GPU has capacities in accelerating numerical simulations. Compute unified device architecture (CUDA), a general parallel computing platform and programming model, reduces program complication, brings the great opportunities to CFD, and has been successfully used to the parallel solution of compressible Navier-Stokes equations. In this paper, we present a CPU/GPU heterogeneous parallel CFD solver which established on NVIDIA GTX 1070 GPU, and the serial code executes on the host, the parallel code performs on the device. Three optimization methods are discussed: maximize utilization, reducing global memory access and minimize data transfer between host and device, which further improve the performance of the solver. Two cases, including flow over sphere at Reynolds number 118 and flow over double ellipsoid, are presented to demonstrate the solver's capacities for compressible flow. Numerical results agree well with experimental data, which illustrate that the solver has a high computational precision for compressible flow.


The space based mission Pegase was proposed to CNES in the framework of its call for scientific proposals for formation flying missions. This paper presents a summary of the phase-0 performed in 2005. The main scientific goal is the spectroscopy of hot Jupiters (Pegasides) and brown dwarfs from 2.5 to 5 μm. The mission can extend to other objectives such as the exploration of the inner part of protoplanetary disks, the study of dust clouds around AGN,... The instrument is basically a two-aperture (D=40 cm) interferometer composed of three satellites, two siderostats and one beam-combiner. The formation is linear and orbits around L2, pointing in the anti-solar direction within a +/-30° cone. The baseline is adjustable from 50 to 500 m in both nulling and visibility measurement modes. The angular resolution ranges from 1 to 20 mas and the spectral resolution is 60. In the nulling mode, a 2.5 nm rms stability of the optical path difference (OPD) and a pointing stability of 30 mas rms impose a two level control architecture. It combines control loops implemented at satellite level and control loops operating inside the payload using fine mechanisms. According to our preliminary study, this mission is feasible within an 8 to 9 years development plan using existing or slightly improved space components, but its cost requires international cooperation. Pegase could be a valuable Darwin/TPF-I pathfinder, with a less demanding, but still ambitious, technological challenge and a high associated scientific return.


Correspondence (İletişim): Sefa Giray Batıbay, M.D. Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi, Derince Egitim Arastirma Hastanesi, Ortopedi ve Travmatoloji Anabilim Dali, Kocaeli, Turkey Phone (Telefon): +90 505 295 98 17 E-mail (E-posta): firstname.lastname@example.com Submitted Date (Başvuru Tarihi): 12.06.2018 Accepted Date (Kabul Tarihi): 17.07.2018 Copyright 2019 Haydarpaşa Numune Medical Journal OPEN ACCESS This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). 364 Batıbay et al., Is there any Relationship between Proximal Femur Fracture Site and Hip Anatomy? / doi: 10.14744/hnhj.2018.92259 We think that the morphological differences of the proximal femur are related to the fracture type. This study aims to investigate the relationship between changing morphological parameters and fracture types. Revealing the mechanism and social anthropological values will enable the development of more original and successful implant technologies. Materials and Methods In this study, the data of 1024 patients who applied to S.BU Umraniye Training and Research Hospital between 2015 and 2018 with femoral fractures were evaluated retrospectively. Among these patients, femoral pertrochanteric, femoral neck, and subtrochanteric fractures were found. Pelvic radiograms obtained without hip rotation where both obturator foramina were observed equally were selected. Among patients with appropriate anteroposterior pelvic radiograms, the patients in the pediatric age group, and the patients with bilateral fractures, amputated contralateral lower extremities, stress fractures and pathological fractures were excluded from this study. Fifty-six pertrochanteric (34 male, 22 female), 78 femoral neck (44 male, 34 female) and 54 subtrochanteric fractures (30 male, 24 female) were detected. Intertrochanteric distance, femoral neck length, femoral neck width, lateral offset length, neck-shaft angle and acetabulum center-edge angle were measured by a single orthopedic surgeon. ExtremePacs (2017, Beytepe, Ankara) digital measurement system was used for the measurements. While performing measurements, the neck width was measured from the narrowest part of the femoral neck. In the acetabular center edge angle (CE) measurement, the outermost point of the acetabulum was taken as a criterion. The distance between the intertrochanteric line and the center point of the femoral head was measured when calculating the femoral neck length. The distance between the femoral head and trochanter tip was recorded as lateral offset measurement (Figs. 1–3). For statistical analysis, SPSS 22.0 software package (IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY) was used. For parametric variables, independent t-test, and for non-parametric variables, Mann-Whitney U test was used. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.


A numerical approach using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for the determination of flutter derivatives for arbitrary bridge deck sections is presented. The results are compared with water tunnel test results. For this study, sectional model tests have been carried out in a water tunnel by means of the forced vibration method, an experimental method that corresponds directly to the analytical method used. Various sections have been tested such as box girder sections, the original Tacoma bridge deck section and a rectangular section with an aspect ratio of 1:8.


This thesis is a record of the analytical as well as experimental studies on the application of active and passive constrained layer damping treatments to basic structural elements. Viscoelastic materials (VEM) are added to impart higher damping to the structures. In order to enhance the clamping effect of the VEM, a constraining layer is attached, which makes it as a passive constrained layer damping treatment (PCLD). When this constraining layer is an active element, the treatment is called active constrained layer damping (ACLD). Active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment promises to be effective and compact compared to the corresponding passive constrained layer damping (PCLD) for attenuating the vibration from various structural systems. Researchers have established the standards for the extent and placement of the PCLD treatment for common structures. However for ACLD treatment, no such guidelines are available. The present work is concerned with the design, development and experimental study on PCLD /ACLD treated beams and curved panels. The theoretical predictions of the simulated results of the beams are compared with the experimental measurements. ACLD/PCLD treated beams with different boundary conditions are compared. The coverage and location of the patches have important effects on damping ratio of partially covered active and passive constrained layered beams. Optimal values of coverage ratios have been explored and dependence of these values on the control gains is analyzed. The damping ratio of the ACLD and PCLD treated beam also varies with the change in the viscoelastic material thickness. An optimal thickness of treatment exists for each configuration. For different boundary conditions of beams, analytical and experimental


Covid-19 still remains as global pandemic surging with different variants like alpha, beta, gamma, delta and most omicronin various countries resulted into SARS-CoV-2. An escalation in random testing for Covid-19 is considered as golden standard by World Health Organization (WHO) to control the spread of Corona virus. RT-PCR and nucleic acid hybridization strategies are the two highly sensitive outstanding tests used for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the DNA by the former and RNA/DNA by the later. Apart from the test for virus, antigen and antibodies other alternative hematological tests like CRP, Ferritine, IL-6, Blood Platelets and WBC and plasma became essential for the detection and management of Covid-19. Overcoming the limitations a rapid, efficient, low-cost and easy-to-implement test kits are in imperative need to meet the requirement. Electrochemical sensors are considered as potential, ultra-fast and point-of-care sensors used as self-testing kits. In this work, a meta review of various modified electrodes with different nanomaterials such as graphene, CNTs, and nano-dopants used as electrochemical sensors in association with testing various different parameters for detection of Covid-19. A detailed discussion on the merits and demerits of present testing patterns and scope of screen-printed electrochemical sensors modified with different nanomaterials and their advantages are presented.


The role of road-tunnel ventilation has changed during the last decades. While in former years tunnel ventilation was responsible for providing an acceptable environment for tunnel users passing through the tunnel during normal operation conditions [30], nowadays the support of rescue conditions during a fire is dominating. The introduction of the fire case into the ventilation design resulted in increased demands and led to a remarkably increase in extraction volumes and ventilation powers. Ventilation control which in former years focused on maintaining the in-tunnel air quality has now become a very complex tool in order to fulfil the requirements for supporting self-rescue possibilities in case of an incident. A second issue, which becomes increasingly important, is the environmental impact caused by the polluted tunnel air. Portals and air exchange stations in built-up areas call for intelligent control of the air flows and even in some special cases for exhaust-air treatment systems. For tunnels with severe air-quality constraints at the tunnel portals, significant ventilation power is required.


Anatomic regions like breast and pectoral muscle are common regions that need to be segmented before determining abnormalities in the mammographic image. For this task, we explore five convolutional neural network models, namely, Resnet50-Unet, Mobilenet-Unet, Vgg-Unet, Unet, and Segnet. A classic technique that uses an MLP network is compared with the convolutional methods. The MIAS and INbreast datasets are used for evaluating Deep Neural Networks on the segmentation of these regions. Several evaluation metrics are used to compare the results of convolutional approach and a traditional method based on hand-crafted features. The results confirm the superiority of the deep networks over the traditional method. The best Jaccard value for Deep Learning algorithms is $0.945\pm 0.068$. The Mobilenet-Unet network presents the best trade-off between computational cost and segmentation capacity; therefore, it is the best choice to compose a CAD system.


Roberto Cecere,1,2 Geraint Rees,3,4 and Vincenzo Romei1,* 1Centre for Brain Science, Department of Psychology, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK 2Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, 58 Hillhead Street, Glasgow G12 8QB, UK 3UCL Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, 17 Queen Square, London WC1N 3AR, UK 4Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging at UCL, University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK


Massive amount of data that contain spatial, textual, and temporal information are being generated at a high scale. These spatio-temporal documents cover a wide range of topics in local area. Users are interested in receiving local popular terms from spatio-temporal documents published with a specified region. We consider the Top-k Spatial-Temporal Term (ST2) Subscription. Given an ST2 subscription, we continuously maintain up-to-date top-k most popular terms over a stream of spatio-temporal documents. The ST2 subscription takes into account both frequency and recency of a term generated from spatio-temporal document streams in evaluating its popularity. We propose an efficient solution to process a large number of ST2 subscriptions over a stream of spatio-temporal documents. The performance of processing ST2 subscriptions is studied in extensive experiments based on two real spatio-temporal datasets.


A strong biosecurity approach has played a key role in keeping Australia free from the world's most severe pests and diseases. However as international travel and trade continues to increase, it is important that we use all of the tools available to us to reduce the risk of exotic pests and diseases entering the country and damaging our precious environment and important industries. Effectively influencing individuals' behaviours is key to maintaining our biosecurity as we rely on travellers, online shoppers, importers, inspectors, stevedores and others to do certain things to reduce risk. The intent of this project was to review existing research to better understand the behaviours that lead to increased biosecurity risk, and identify priority behaviours that could be targeted in future research and behavioural design interventions. This work included a desktop review, consultation with an Advisory Group of 13 Officers from across the Biosecurity Group and related areas, individual consultations with ten government or academic biosecurity experts, and a behavioural prioritisation workshop. The project was scoped to include behavioural research from the past ten years and was focused on inadvertent noncompliance behaviour occurring pre and at-border.


Adhesive joining is one of the well-established methods for joining structural materials, however it was not until the rapid development in chemistry of adhesives that it could gain wide recognition. It is impossible to imagine any branch of modern industry without adhesive joining technology, which proves indispensible in: aircraft, aerospace, automotive or building industries. The importance of adhesive joining and adhesive materials in the economy of modern world is unparalleled. Among the factors of crucial importance to the strength of adhesive joining it is the preparation of adhered surfaces through proper treatment that appears to predominate. The issue is even more important as the decision regarding the surface treatment is undertaken by a technologist, whereas the other elements of joining technology, such as temperature, time or load applied during cure, and the joint seasoning time are known and specified by manufacturers for each adhesive. Another factor relevant to the strength of adhesive joints is the effect of cyclic thermal loading. The disparity in the coefficient of thermal expansion of adhesives and adherends and in their thermal conductivity results in the adhesive joint being subjected to cyclic internal stresses. Thermal fatigue of cured adhesives may implicate ageing processes, increase polydispersity of the substrate and consequently affect its mechanical properties. This paper presents the results of comparative analysis of the shear strength of adhesive lap joints. The tests were performed on samples following different surface treatment methods, which were subsequently subjected to thermal shock in the varying range of temperatures between -40 °C and +60 °C.


An error appeared in Ecological Psychology, Volume 19, Issue 2, "Perceiving the Actions of Other People," by Leonard S. Mark. The text for Figures 4a and 4b, 5a, 5b, and 5c did not correspond with the figures being presented. Corrections for each of these figures appear below. The publisher regrets the error. Ecological Psychology, 20:117–119, 2008 Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1040-7413 print / 1532-6969 online DOI: 10.1080/10407410701801697


Abstract Open defecation (OD) by people experiencing homelessness is common in many U.S. cities. Without sanitation when and where it is needed, the human right to sanitation for people experiencin...


Numerical methods were used to study the heat and mass transfer characteristics of humid air across a vertical cold wall,based on the analysis of the humid air condensation,to discuss equations applied for condensation mass flux of humid air and the assumption of neglecting thin condense on heat transfer.Discussions were made on the effects of temperature,velocity and concentration of humid air on the interface velocity normal to cold wall and condensation mass flux of humid air.The practicable conditions for these humid air condensation equations were obtained.Results indicated that the temperature of plate surface was the decisive factor of advective mass flux and the advective mass transfer could reach 5% of the total mass transfer for wall temperature of 310 K.The assumption of neglecting thin condense was proved to produce error of less than 1% during present study.


Computational approaches in drug design, discovery and admiration. Generally, drug discovery takes a long duration of time period about 12 year and billon of capital. It includes the creating of new molecules, docking molecules to target protein, analysing molecular interaction, estimating binding strength and drug properties. Computer Aided Drug Designing (CADD) is cost effective and free of some biological trials. It mainly consists of two types of drug design that is structure -based drug design and ligand-based drug design. Through it we can know about the drug receptor interaction. Structure Based Drug Design includes binding site identification, docking and stocking, virtual screening, compound selection, lead optimization. Ligand Based Drug Design includes quantitative structure activity relationship, pharmacologic modelling and steps followed as structurebased drug design. As we can see CADD help to recognize suitable characteristics of a drug and its compatibility to get an easy hand in preclinical trials.


Evaluation for endocarditis is an essential step in the management of patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB). A common approach, consistent with preeminent national guidelines, is to perform transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) followed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the majority of patients with SAB. It is unclear how often patient management decisions are influenced by the results of TTE versus TEE.

 This retrospective chart review of 180 subjects evaluated adult veterans at a single large Veterans Affairs medical center who had SAB and completed both TTE and TEE. Institution-specific guidelines at this medical center, which were in place throughout the study time period, recommended completion of both TTE and TEE for all patients diagnosed with SAB if able to tolerate both studies. The timing of key patient-management decisions was correlated to the timing of each patient's TTE and TEE. It was then inferred whether each decision would have been informed by TTE alone versus TTE plus subsequent TEE. Management decisions included: initiation of synergistic antibiotics, documentation of antibiotic treatment duration, consultation of specialists such as Cardiology or Cardiac Surgery, and performance of valve surgery.

 Preliminary results show that management decisions were typically not performed until patients had undergone both echocardiography studies. In 18% of patients, management was deemed to be influenced in any capacity following TTE, compared to 91% following both TTE and TEE.

 Our findings question the utility of performing a TTE in patients with SAB who are planned to also undergo a subsequent TEE.

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


How to cite item Li, B., Li, Q., Mei, W., Zhuo, Q., & Lu, X. (2020). Analysis of accumulation models of Middle Permian in Northwest Sichuan Basin. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 24(4), 418-427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj. v24n4.91149 Great progress has been made in middle Permian exploration in Northwest Sichuan in recent years, but there are still many questions in understanding the hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. Due to the abundance of source rocks and the multi-term tectonic movements in this area, the hydrocarbon accumulation model is relatively complex, which has become the main problem to be solved urgently in oil and gas exploration. Based on the different tectonic backgrounds of the middle Permian in northwest Sichuan Basin, the thrust nappe belt, the hidden front belt, and the depression belt are taken as the research units to comb and compare the geologic conditions of the middle Permian reservoir. The evaluation of source rocks and the comparison of hydrocarbon sources suggest that the middle Permian hydrocarbon mainly comes from the bottom of the lower Cambrian and middle Permian, and the foreland orogeny promoted the thermal evolution of Paleozoic source rocks in northwest Sichuan to high maturity and over maturity stage. Based on a large number of reservoir physical properties data, the middle Permian reservoir has the characteristics of low porosity and low permeability, among which the thrust nappe belt and the hidden front belt have relatively high porosity and relatively developed fractures. The thick mudstone of Longtan formation constitutes the regional caprock in the study area and the preservation condition is good as a whole. However, the thrusting faults destroyed the sealing ability of the caprock in the nappe thrust belt. Typical reservoir profiles revealed that the trap types were different in the study area. The thrust fault traps are mainly developed in the thrust nappe belt, while the fault anticline traps are developed in the hidden front belt, and the structural lithological traps are developed in the depression belt. The different structural belts in northwest Sichuan have different oil and gas accumulation models. This paper built three hydrocarbon accumulation models by the analysis of reservoir formation conditions. The comprehensive analysis supposed the hidden front belt is close to the lower Cambrian source rock, and the reservoir heterogeneity is weak, faults connected source rock is developed, so it is a favorable oil and gas accumulation area in the middle Permian. ABSTRACT Analysis of accumulation models of middle Permian in Northwest Sichuan Basin


Multimodal recording using electroencephalogram (EEG) and other biological signals (e.g., electromyograms, eye movement, pupil information, or limb kinematics) is ubiquitous in human neuroscience research. However, the precise time alignment of data from heterogeneous sources is limited due to variable recording parameters of commercially available research devices and experimental setups. Here, we introduced the versatility of a Lab Streaming Layer (LSL)-based application for multimodal recordings of high-density EEG and other devices such as eye trackers or hand kinematics. To introduce the benefit of recording multiple devices in a time-synchronized manner, we discuss two common issues in measuring multimodal data: jitter and latency. The LSL-based system can be used for research on precise time-alignment of datasets, such as detecting stimulus-induced transient neural responses and testing hypotheses well-formulated in time by leveraging the millisecond time resolution of the system.


ABSTRACT Caspofungin is a potent antifungal inhibiting glucan synthesis in Candida species. However, caspofungin is not 100% curative in candidiasis. Therefore, we evaluated combinations of fluconazole with caspofungin for murine candidemia. We could not show any benefit of combined therapy over individual antifungal drugs.


The feature of Lin Chong is created very successfully in Outlaws of the Marsh,all commenters think in general that Lin Chong and his life story carrys forward the main idea of the works of chaos beginning from the upper and being forced to join the Liangshan rebels,exposes the author's deep concern and reasonable thinking on the social chaos and their reasons.Moreover,the feature of Lin Chong owns the special meaning,on him,there is an outstanding personality characteristic of sholars,and reposing the personality pattern of unconventional sholars in the tradional society.


Mobile devices are more and more becoming indispensible tools in everyday life. However, universities continue to rely on the provision of computer labs for ICT-based instruction where in many cases mobile phones would be a much more appropriate choice. In this paper, we question the proliferation and continued provision of computer labs in universities, and suggest the need to instead adopt the widespread use of mobile phones for pedagogical purposes in university classrooms (and beyond). We review the affordances and potential barriers to extensive mobile penetration in learning contexts in higher education, and examine the pedagogical foundations of mobile learning and guidelines and principles emerging in recent research.


Lyudmila Putina and the Use of the Presidential First Lady, As Portrayed in the Russian Media for Providing Model Behaviour


Objective To investigate the irbesartan combined with metoprolol in the treatment of congestive heart failure and effects on serum Brainnatriuretic peptide.Methods 187 patients with chronic congestive heart failure(CHF),were randomly divided into the observation group 94 cases,93 cases of the control group.The control group was given the strong heart,diuresis therapy.The treatment group on the basis of combined with irbesartan,metoprolol.The content of BNP was detected before and after treatment.Results After treatment,the observation group total efficiency is higher than that of the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).After treatment,the observation group and the control group of BNP were significantly lower,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Before and after treatment with BNP reduced value comparison between groups,the observation group than in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The patients with CHF on the basis of routine treatment,combined with irbesartan and metoprolol,can effectively improve the curative effect,decrease the serum level of BNP,improve heart function.

Key words:
Irbesartan; Metoprolol; Heart failure


In the creation of classical literature teaching mode,teachers should bear contemporary feelings,create classical literature teaching discourse consciously,comprehend the classical feelings with contemporary aesthetic experience,positively introduce new spreading acceptive dimension,increase students' intimacy and identification for classical literature and strengthen the appreciation and persuasion in the course teaching.


Immunotherapy, in addition to surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapies in cancer treatment, has emerged over the last decade as a significant contributor to improving patient survival. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), which is a simple and useful tool that provides information about the general health status of patients and helps the treatment process, is used for many different types of cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic importance of PNI on mortality in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy. A total of 100 patients who were treated with immune checkpoint blockade in the oncology outpatient clinic were included retrospectively. According to our findings, only 23% of patients responded to immunotherapy, while 72% progressed. When PNI values were compared according to mortality status, it was determined that PNI values at baseline, first, third, sixth, and twelfth months were statistically significantly lower in patients who died during their follow-up. We also determined 44 as the cut-off value for the PNI in our study. The mortality rate was 76.7% in patients with PNI>44 and 43.5% in patients with PNI≤44. PNI appears to be a simple and useful tool for predicting mortality in cancer patients treated with immunotherapy.


LHRH LH-releasing activity was first found in hypothalamic extracts utilizing the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion assay of Parlow to measure LH released following injection of acid extracts of stalk-median eminence (1). At about the same time similarly prepared extracts were shown to evoke ovulation following intrapituitary injection (2). The activity was rapidly purified, shown to be a peptide on the basis of enzymatic degradation studies, and ultimately its structure was determined in Schally's laboratory by Matsuo and confirmed by synthesis (3). The elucidation of structure and synthesis of LHRH paved the way for its synthesis in large quantities which made possible clinical studies, many more physiological studies, the development of antisera which could be used to study the physiological significance of the peptide and the development of radioimmunoassay and immunocytochemical techniques to localize the peptide more precisely.


The possibility to record a dynamic hologram allows the design of a new generation of optical sensors insensitive to the surface state of the inspected target. The response time of the holographic media governs the performances with a range going from sub-nanometer displacements for ultrasonic vibrations to millimeter displacements for acoustic vibrations. We present a new generation of optical vibration sensors that uses dynamic holography in photorefractive materials to detect sub-nanometer to millimeter transient displacements of rough surfaces.


Abstract Among the available methods to increase the molecular complexity, sigmatropic rearrangements occupy a distinct position in organic synthesis. Despite being known for over a century sigmatropic rearrangement reactions of ylides via carbene transfer reaction have only recently come of age. Most of the ylide mediated rearrangement processes involve rupture of a σ‐bond and formation of a new bond between π‐bond and negatively charged atom followed by simultaneous redistribution of π‐electrons. This minireview describes the advances in this research area made in recent years, which now opens up metal‐catalyzed enantioselective sigmatropic rearrangement reactions, metal‐free photochemical rearrangement reactions and novel reaction pathways that can be accessed via ylide intermediates.


Despite significant advances in treatment options, heart failure remains a devastating disease with significant morbidity/mortality and economic burden. In this context, new therapeutic approaches are eagerly needed. The paper by Bundgaard in this issue of the journal1 proposes a treatment target, the third isotype of beta-adrenergic receptors (β3 AR) that was identified in the human myocardium >15 years ago,2 but only recently tested in the clinical arena thanks to the availability of a specific agonist, mirabegron. The molecule is available for clinical use in urology for the treatment of overactive bladder disease, a painful condition of frequent micturition, based on its well-established relaxing effect on the bladder smooth muscle that expresses β3 AR.3 Bundgaard et al. now present the results of a first pilot trial of mirabegron in patients suffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), the rationale of which was based on pre-clinical data pointing to beneficial effects of β3 AR activation in the failing myocardium. Although the trial did not meet its primary endpoint (increase in LVEF over placebo), a non-pre-specified, subgroup analysis in patients with the lowest EF suggests potential benefits in subjects with more severe LV dysfunction.


Recognition of sign language, the main mode of communication of the hearing impaired, has attracted the attention of researchers working in the field of computer vision in recent years. In this study, we propose a fast alternative method to the Improved Dense Trajectories (IDT) method for sign language recognition. In our proposed method, Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG), Histogram of Optical Flow (HOF) and Motion Boundary Histograms (MBH) are obtained from the cropped hand regions. Then, Fisher Vectors (FV) are coded and used in classification with Linear Support Vector Machine (SVM) for each descriptor from each sign video. It has been shown that our method can achieve similar performance ten times faster than IDT.


Abstract : Assess the health risks associated with impianted DU fragments in the body to provide medical guidance for current and future patients with these fragments and provide recommendations for future research.


Among 103 intermedium mutants induced in two-row cultivated barleys, and localized to 11 int loci, 5 of which being represented by one mutant each, no definite preference to the type of mutagen applied was found. There are clear morphological distinctions among intermedium mutants belonging to different loci, but also among allelic mutants; and there is an obvious distinction between intermedium mutants and the mutants belonging to the locus hex-v. Among the int mutants, only the int-d alleles show dominance, which is variable among the 13 alleles studied and also for the individual d allele. F2 data from crosses among int mutants showed no undisputable linkage among the 9 int loci studied in their normal positions. In spite of factors disturbing this analysis, mainly phenotypic overlapping and the variable dominance characterizing locus int-d, the 9 loci int-a, -b, -c, -d, -e, -f -h, -i, and int-k may for practical purposes be considered to approach an independent inheritance in relation to one another.


FAW-Volkswagen, Chrysler and Related Dealers Fined Nearly RMB280 Million for Monopolistic Conduct* Background The automotive industry has undergone a new round of "antitrust crackdowns". On 11…


Significance Listeria monocytogenes is a bacterial pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a foodborne disease characterized by septicemia and abortion in pregnant women. The most severe listeriosis outbreaks are associated with a subset of bacterial epidemic clones, although the underlying virulence mechanisms of these clones remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that these epidemic strains secrete a bacteriocin specifically in the gut and alter host intestinal microbiota, allowing L. monocytogenes colonization of the intestine and, consequently, invasion of deeper organs. Therefore, our work shows that epidemic listeriosis implicates not only interactions between L. monocytogenes and host cells, but also interactions between L. monocytogenes and the host intestinal microbiota that are critical for the establishment of infection. Listeria monocytogenes is responsible for gastroenteritis in healthy individuals and for a severe invasive disease in immunocompromised patients. Among the three identified L. monocytogenes evolutionary lineages, lineage I strains are overrepresented in epidemic listeriosis outbreaks, but the mechanisms underlying the higher virulence potential of strains of this lineage remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that Listeriolysin S (LLS), a virulence factor only present in a subset of lineage I strains, is a bacteriocin highly expressed in the intestine of orally infected mice that alters the host intestinal microbiota and promotes intestinal colonization by L. monocytogenes, as well as deeper organ infection. To our knowledge, these results therefore identify LLS as the first bacteriocin described in L. monocytogenes and associate modulation of host microbiota by L. monocytogenes epidemic strains to increased virulence.


INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1370 I. OVERVIEW OF TECHNOLOGY AND EXISTING LITERATURE ........ 1374 A. Blockchain Technology ................................................................. 1374 1. Blockchains Generally ......................................................... 1375 2. Decentralization ................................................................ 1376 3. Immutability ....................................................................... 1377 4. Pseudonymity ..................................................................... 1378 B. Smart Contracts and Oracles ....................................................... 1379 C. Existing Literature ..................................................................... 1382 II. ON-CHAIN DISPUTE RESOLUTION PLATFORMS EXPLAINED .... 1384 A. Agreement Formation ................................................................. 1385 B. Dispute Resolution Initiation ........................................................ 1387 C. Evidence and Arguments ............................................................ 1388 D. Juror Selection ........................................................................... 1389 E. Juror Decision-making and Financial Incentivization ...................... 1390 F. On-Chain Appeals Process ............................................................ 1391 G. Types of Disputes ....................................................................... 1392 III. DISTINCTIVE FLAWS OF ON-CHAIN, DECENTRALIZED ARBITRATION SYSTEMS .......................................................... 1393 A. Flaw 1: Inability to Compel Discovery .......................................... 1394 1. Current Flaws with On-Chain Discovery ............................ 1394


This paper throws light on the recent innovation in the Performance Measurement and Management Systems of Organisations with special reference to the concept of Balanced Scorecard (BSC). The paper discusses the fit between the features of innovation and the usage of balanced performance measurement systems like BSC. This paper tries to bring out the relevance of linking company's vision and strategy and building balanced measurement systems focusing both on financial and non-financial measures. The prerequisites in building a BSC, the contingency factors that facilitate BSC usage and the role played by the Behavioural factors in the various phases of BSC are also discussed. The paper brings out the research propositions that motivate organisations to adopt BSC in the Indian context.


The resistive switching behavior in different HfO2/TiO2 nano crossbar structures of 100 x 100 nm2 size is analyzed by means of DC voltage sweeps. The devices fabricated from 3 nm thin ALD layers of HfO2 and TiO2 sandwiched between Pt and Hf or Ti electrodes show VCM-type bipolar resistive switching after electroforming. For increased compliance current (cc) during set from 50 μA to 800 μA, the set current runs into self- limitation while the reset behavior changes from gradual to abrupt. A model is defined with an internal resistance being in series with the local resistive switch. A recursive algorithm is applied to the cc series for calculation of the series resistor and evaluation of the intrinsic switching characteristic of HfO2-based cells. The intrinsic LRS turns out to be current compliance controlled and to follow the universal switching rule. Supported by compact modelling, we show that an abrupt reset behavior might arise even for materials with a gradual intrinsic reset characteristic in consequence of an internal series resistor.


Critics of anti-discrimination policies argue that such policies are inefficient, because firms in a free-market system hire to maximize their profits and therefore discrimination only occurs to the extent it is rational. Conversely, this Article argues that gender discrimination results even when individuals and firms behave rationally without discriminatory intent, because of incomplete information problems that lead to statistical discrimination - a phenomenon which is exacerbated by a federal tax code that rewards single-earner households. This Article proposes a partial repeal of Title VII and higher taxes on married men, to the end of increasing utility and efficiency in labor markets.


In 1985 William Stern and Mary Beth Whitehead signed a surrogate parenting agreement which provided that Whitehead would be inseminated with Stern's semen and would surrender any resulting child to him and his wife, at which time she would be paid $10,000. Whitehead subsequently tried to keep the child, but the New Jersey Superior Court (Chancery Division/Family Part, Bergen County) awarded temporary custody of "Baby M" to the Sterns and then ruled on 31 March 1987 that the surrogacy contract was valid and that Stern should have sole custody, with Whitehead's parental rights to be terminated and Mrs. Stern given the right to adopt the child. In the current decision, the New Jersey Supreme Court upholds the awarding of custody to Mr. Stern as in the child's best interest, but holds the contract to be unenforceable and restores Whitehead's parental rights, leaving the terms of her visitation rights as noncustodial parent to be established by the trial court.


Atrazine, the most common herbicide used in the United States, has been implicated as a factor in the worldwide decline of amphibians. Affymetrix DNA microarrays were used to measure changes in gene expression of Xenopus laevis tadpoles treated with a concentration of 25 ppb atrazine from 5 days post fertilization to NF stage 66. There were no significant changes in metamorphic rate and weight when treated tadpoles were compared to controls. Statistically significant changes in expression of 18 genes (15 downregulated and 3 upregulated) occurred in atrazine treated Xenopus laevis tadpoles when compared to control tadpoles. The downregulated genes were associated with biological functions as immunity and defense, protein degradation, DNA binding and repair, protein binding and transport and glucose metabolism. Of the 3 upregulated genes 2 were related to defense and 1 to DNA binding. Two genes from the final microarray dataset were chosen to undergo qRT-PCR validation (proteosome beta, Fold Change -1.52; p= 0.024; and calbindin D28K, Fold Change, -1.94; p= 0.012). The proteasome gene was not significantly different while the Calbindin D28K gene was near significant (t-test, p= 0.07). These


Background:
 Ruxolitinib (RUX), a JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor, and venetoclax (VEN), a BCL-2 inhibitor are 2 drug candidates recently identified as promising candidate for the treatment of T-Cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL). We recently reported that JAK/STAT pathway inhibition with RUX enhances BCL-2 dependence, thereby sensitizing T-PLL cells to VEN (Herbaux et al., Blood, 2021). We also showed that JAK/STAT pathway mutational status could impact RUX activity. Here, we report results on the 15 first patients who were treated with RUX and VEN oral combination for T-PLL. All patients were refractory to, or ineligible for alemtuzumab, the principal therapeutic option to date.
 Methods:
 In this multicenter retrospective study from the French Innovative Leukemia Organization, 15 patients with T-PLL (according to consensus criteria) were included. All patients were informed about the off-label use of this combination and provided informed consent. Patients received a maximum dose of RUX 15 mg twice daily, and VEN 800 mg daily. VEN was started with daily ramp-up from 20 mg to 800 mg over 6 days, with TLS prophylaxis (rasburicase and IV hydration). Responses were assessed by consensus criteria. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed using a custom-designed panel of 33 genes, including among others: ATM, TP53, IL2R, JAK1, JAK3, and STAT5B. CytoScan HD microarray (Affymetrix) were used to study copy number variation and or uniparental disomy. In vivo dynamic BH3 profiling (DBP) was performed on samples obtained from two patients on treatment.
 Results:
 All 15 patients were refractory or relapsing after chemotherapy (mostly bendamustine and pentostatin), except one. They were either refractory to (n=10) or ineligible (n=5) for alemtuzumab (ineligibility was decided by the treating physician based on age and comorbidities). The median age was 70 years (48-88). Within a week of starting RUX, a transient increase of the absolute lymphocyte count was observed in 66.6% of the patients. Based on the molecular status of the JAK/STAT pathway, we established 2 groups of patients. One with samples where no mutations were found (WT, n=3), and one with at least one mutation in the JAK/STAT pathway (MUT, n=12). The overall response rate (ORR) was 73.3%, with only partial responses. Five patients nearly fulfilled CR criteria except that they had persistent lymphocytosis (over 4 x 10 9/L), all of them were in the MUT group. ORR was 83.3% in the MUT group, and only one patient of the WT group obtained a PR. With a median follow-up of 73 days (22 to 368), the median progression free survival was significantly shorter in the WT group in comparison to the MUT group (1.8 months versus 5.6 months, p=0.04, Figure). Of note, four patients were treated with VEN monotherapy before the start of the combination with RUX. With that treatment, 3 of these patients achieved stable disease followed by progression within 2 to 3 months, while 1 was primary refractory to VEN monotherapy. The most frequent reported adverse events (AEs) of the RUX plus VEN combination were cytopenias, with 46.6% grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia and 40% grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. DBP showed that overall priming and BCL2 dependence increased in vivo (n=2) during the treatment with RUX and VEN. Finally, SNP arrays identified clonal evolution in the 3 patients evaluated sequentially (before treatment versus at progression). In one case, emergence of EZH2 and JAK1 mutation was also observed at progression using NGS.
 Conclusions:
 These preliminary results suggest promising activity of RUX plus VEN in T-PLL, and justify the development of a prospective clinical trial of this combination. Our data seem to show that this combination may be especially active for patients with JAK/STAT pathway activating mutations and that disease progression is associated with clonal evolution. Updated results will be presented at the meeting.
 Figure 1 Figure 1.

 Herbaux: Janssen: Honoraria; Roche: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding. Lemonnier: Gilead: Other: travel grant; Institut Roche: Research Funding. Laribi: Jansen: Research Funding; AstraZeneca: Other: Personal Fees; Takeda: Other: Personal Fees, Research Funding; Novartis: Other: Personal Fees, Research Funding; Astellas Phama, Inc.: Other: Personal Fees; IQONE: Other: Personal Fees; AbbVie: Other: Personal Fees, Research Funding; Le Mans Hospital: Research Funding; BeiGene: Other: Personal Fees. Moreaux: Diag2Tec: Consultancy. Morschhauser: Janssen: Honoraria; Servier: Consultancy; Incyte: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Epizyme: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AbbVie: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZenenca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; BMS: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Chugai: Honoraria; Genentech, Inc.: Consultancy; Gilead: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Novartis: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Consultancy, Speakers Bureau; F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genmab: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Davids: Ascentage Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; MEI Pharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy; Eli Lilly and Company: Consultancy; Adaptive Biotechnologies: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Research to Practice: Consultancy; BeiGene: Consultancy; Surface Oncology: Research Funding; Verastem: Consultancy, Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy; Astra-Zeneca: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy; MEI Pharma: Consultancy. Ysebaert: Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Janssen, Roche: Other: Advisory Board, Research Funding.

 Ruxolitinib and venetoclax are used offlabel for patients refractory to current therapeutic options, based on preclinical data.


H2[MII(HNTA)2]·xH2O complexes of eleven divalent metals were prepared. These complexes were characterized via elemental analysis, IR spectra, TGA, DTA and 1H NMR. pKa1 and pKa2 of these acids were determined together with their log β 1 and log β 2 as metal complexes.


In this paper, the problem of robust minimax testing of binary composite hypothesis is considered, while the actual probability densities are located in neighborhoods characterized by the Itakura-Saito divergence. And then the existence of a saddle value condition is proved under Sion's minimax theorem. Moreover, we derive the least favorable distributions and the robust decision rule involved four parameters, thus an infinite-dimensional optimization problem could be transformed into a nonlinear system of four equations with four unknown parameters, which can be solved numerically. Finally, experimental results evaluate and illustrate the theoretical derivations.


By using a two-dimensional (2D) relativistic fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell code, the interaction process of counterstreaming pair (electron–positron) plasmas is investigated. The counterstreaming plasmas become unstable against the collisionless electromagnetic counterstreaming instability, similar to the Weibel instability. In the linear phase, magnetic and electric fields with the scale of skin depth size are generated through the electromagnetic counterstreaming instability. The behavior of plasma in the nonlinear phase is also made clear. The small-scale magnetic fields coalesce with each other, merging through the inverse cascade process which occurs characteristically in 2D dynamics, and change into larger unit. The large-scale magnetic fields propagate more slowly than the initial plasma flow as a low-frequency wave. Behind the magnetic fields, plasmas are isotropically heated by the mixing of counterstreaming plasmas. On the other hand, the electric fields propagate the same as the initia...


The fate of nutrients and heavy metals in highway runoff entering retention/detention ponds was studied. Investigations on characterization of highway runoff, water quality in receiving ponds and surrounding drainage basins, isolation chamber studies, accumulation of contaminants by bottom sediments, speciation of heavy metals in the sediments, release studies under various pH and redox potential and groundwater monitoring surrounding the pond area were carried out in two sites at Maitland Interchange and EPCOT Interchange located in Orange County, Central Florida. Removal efficiencies of nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals in a well-established pond operating for 7-8 years at Maitland site and a newly constructed pond at EPCOT site were evaluated. Most of the metals accumulated in the pond sediments are immobile under current conditions of pH and redox potential.


The aim of European Green Deal (EGD) is to implement a pro-environmental and pro-climate policy, which should be translated into economic practice. EGD concerns agriculture, including organic, hence the importance of recognizing the current path of development of this management system and future prospects. The aim of this paper is illustration of current challenges in organic farming and its environment in Poland, taking into account European strategic and market goals. The population of organic farms and other organic entities operating in this segment were analyzed. The period covered 2004-2020, and data of Agricultural and Food Quality Inspection and Statistics Poland. Indicator analysis methods were used and trends were established. A comparison of the statistics for 2020 and 2004 showed the development of organic farming in Poland, taking into account the farms' number and the agricultural land in organic system. The period 2004-2020 was not homogeneous, and the last years can be considered as a period of stagnation. In the adopted perspective, the production profile of organic farms changed, which more and more often carried out only crop production, omitting livestock production. The further development of organic farming will be an important challenge, also taking into account the level of development of the market environment of organic farms, in particular the number of processors and operators involved in the supply of certified seed. The main determinant of the development of organic farming in Poland was, and in the next few years probably will be, the institutional factory.


A new simple gas chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin and nordihydrocapsaicin in capsicum fruit was developed. The three components extracted from capsicum fruit could be completely separated on a 3% Apiezon grease L column. Quantitative analysis could be achieved by the peak area ratio method using methyl arachidate as an internal standard. The results obtained by this method were in good accord with those obtained by mass chromatography.


Background: Premature rupture of membranes is one of the known causes of preterm labor and accounts for approximately one-third of cases. Vitamin D deficiency may play a role in preterm labor, as well.Objective: The present study aimed to compare vitamin D levels in mothers and infants with and without prolonged rupture of membranes (PROM).Materials Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 241 babies with and without a history of rupture of membranes in mothers, in the neonatal ward of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad from 2019 to 2021 with available sampling method. After the confirmation of prolonged rupture of membranes (more than 18 hours before birth) based on history and examination with a speculum, we completed data collection tool, a checklist including laboratory evaluation and neonatal and maternal characteristics. The condition of the neonates with and without prolonged rupture of membranes was compared. Data were analyzed by T-test and Chi-square.Results: We examined a total of 241 neonates including 148 (61.4%) without prolonged rupture of the membranes in mothers and 93 (38.6%) with PROM. There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups, maternal vitamin D level (P = 0.001), neonatal vitamin D level (P = 0.001), and fifth minute Apgar score (P = 0.003). This means that the values of these variables were lower in the group of neonates with PROM.Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency in mothers has been significantly associated with prolonged rupture of membranes and with increasing severity of vitamin deficiency, the probability of PROM increases and therefore rises the likelihood of preterm labor and its complications.


The article presents stereotypes and fixed roles assigned to women who have compiled to contemporary trends and changing conditions of their presence in social and economic life. The authors carry out a diagnosis of the current situation in Poland, focusing mainly on obstacles and opportunities that have emerged against women who choose a scientific career with particular reference to its academic dimension. One of the main purposes of this paper is to propose initiatives and programs conducted by various institutions in various sectors.


Background: The ongoing pandemic COVID-19 is a new disease that provides a little bit of knowledge. Modern society is getting further information about this pandemic. But the people who are far away from development may not get proper learning and instruction to defect the new virus. Keep this reality in mind, and we aimed via this study to find out the precipitance and knowledge about COVID-19 of the tribal community from Khagrachari district, who are backward and less developed people of Bangladesh.Methods: Simple random sampling method is used for selecting responders. A willing responder was interviewed using a per-developed questioner and 348 responders (Chakma-131, Marma-106 and Tripura-111) across the Khagrachari district. All statistical analyses were done by SPSS version 20.Results: COVID-19 is a viral disease known by 87.0% Chakma, 85.0% Marma and 81.1% Tripura alongside 54.2%, 53.8%, and 60.4% Chakma, Marma Tripura; respectively think that COVID-19 is a deadly disease. Using face masks as a safety measurement about 87% of Chakma, 85% of Marma, and 81.1% of Tripura but using hand sanitizer or shop was slightly low compared to facemask use. Although they were eager to take a vaccine at a particular time, it seems they are not optimistic about the vaccine's efficacy.Conclusions: Overall, the tribal population has sufficient knowledge about COVID-19 and has a good tendency to maintain proper health hygiene to prevent COVID19 infection.


Objective To explore the clinical value of color Doppler ultrasound guidance in pseudoaneurysm treatment. Methods Nine cases of pseudoaneurysms were treated by ultrasound-guided thrombin injection (UGTI),Four cases of pseudoaneurysms were treated with ultrasound-guided compression repair( UGCR). Then ultrasounic re-examination was performed at 1 d,7 d,and 30 d after operation. Results Eight cases were successful at the first treatment by UGTI,while the other one case was successful after retreatment as blocked parent artery. Four cases were successful at the first treatment by UGCR. The total successful rate was 100%.Anaphylaxis,infection,hemorrhage and embolism didn't happen. Conclusion UGTI and UGCR is a simple,safe and effective method in treating pseudoaneurysm.


The aim of this research is to investigate the energy sustainability of cross-laminated timber (CLT) and straw residential buildings in the Cold and Severe Cold Regions of China. In the study, three building materials, namely reinforced concrete (RC), CLT, and straw bale, are used separately to design the building envelope in reference residential buildings in different climate zones. The energy consumption during the operation phase of these buildings is then simulated using Integrated Environmental Solutions—Virtual Environment software (IES-VE). The results show that both CLT and straw buildings are more efficient than reinforced concrete with a reduction in energy consumption during the operational phase. Overall, the calculated heating energy-saving ratios for CLT buildings in Hailar, Harbin, Urumchi, Lanzhou, and Beijing are 3.04%, 7.39%, 7.43%, 12.69%, and 13.41%, respectively, when compared with RC. The calculated energy-saving ratios for heating in straw buildings in comparison with RC in these cities are 8.04%, 22.09%, 22.17%, 33.02%, and 34.28%, respectively. The results also reveal that a south orientation of the main building facade results in approximately 5% to 7% energy reduction in comparison with east or west orientations, and as the building height increases, energy consumption decreases gradually. Although RC is the most frequently used building material in Cold and Severe Cold regions in China, as bio-based building materials, there is great potential to promote CLT and straw bale construction in view of the energy sustainability features.


We demonstrate the generation of XUV radiation with wavelengths down to 23.9 nm (52 eV) at 50 kHz via high harmonic generation of a fiber chirped pulse amplification system. At repetition rates of 100 kHz and 200 kHz we were able to obtain 27.8 nm (45 eV) and 35.5 nm (35 eV), respectively. Furthermore, we show latest experimental results on post compression of the same fiber chirped pulse amplification system via self-phase modulation in hollow core fibers pathing the way towards more efficient high harmonic generation with even shorter wavelengths. Pulses as short as 70 fs with 200 μJ pulse energy at 50 kHz and with 77 fs have been obtained owing a peak power of 2 GW.


In this paper, for an automobile of four- cylinder engine a example, there is a comparison with a engine with exhaust system and non exhaust system in the experimentation. From the result, there are effects on the exhaust system noise for the engine in the different frequency range.


Deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) is characterized by foci of ectopic endometrial tissue, fibrosis and muscular hyperplasia that penetrate more than 5 mm into affected pelvic organs. Endometriosis of the rectovaginal septum (RVS-DIE) is the most severe form of DIE and has been described as endometriotic lesions that infiltrate both rectum and posterior vaginal fornix with possible extension to the rectovaginal septum.1 There are doubts regarding the definition and nomenclature involving this topography.2, 3 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


In the inventive method for bonding a sheet member (3) with a component (5) made of cast metal, the sheet metal component (3) and the component (5) by a pulsed welding process are welded together. In particular a sheet metal tube (3) with the opening (12) of a housing (13) made of cast metal can be welded to these. This advantage can be used for an exhaust system with exhaust manifold (3) and exhaust gas turbocharger aggregate as (5).


With the rise in entrepreneurial activities, the study of a firm's fund generation strategy is widely discussed and researched. The requirement of funds for different ventures are different and depends on the life stage of the venture, which it is in. The firm generally faces difficulty in raising outside capital-both debt and equity. Crowdfunding is a fairly recent fund generating method that reduces this financial gap. Crowdfunding involves individuals who decide whether or not to invest in a project. Since it involves decision making under uncertainty we probe the possibility of the presence of heuristic principles in the decision-making process. We propose that certain heuristic principles like availability and representativeness affect the decision-making process of the investors. Thus, this paper aims to explore the "fast and frugal" way of decision-making in crowd funders. Building on the existing literature of decision making under risk and uncertainty, cognitive models, beha vioural finance and theories of entrepreneurial finance, we propose that heuristic principles come to play in case of crowdfunding and since the amount invested is pretty small and does not cause a major loss, people do not go for exhaustive mental taxation and instead opt for the fast and frugal way of decision-making that is achieved by using heuristic principles. The managerial implication of this paper lies in the biases that arise due to the usage of heuristic principles which has been extensively discussed in the paper. Hence, is useful for both the entrepreneurs (in designing the pitch) and the crowd-funders (making wise investment decisions).


OBJECTIVE:To observe the cholagogic,analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of various polar extracts of Listsea cubeba. METHODS:The swinging tail test and ear swelling test were adopted to observe the analgesic and anti-inflammatory of various polar extracts of L. cubeba on mice,respectively. The cholagogic test was used to determined the amount of bile secretion in rats and mice so as to observe cholagogic effect of various polar extracts of L. cubeba. RESULTS:1.6,0.8 g/kg ether extracts of L. cubeba,2.4,1.2 g/kg ethanol extracts of L. cubeba,4.0,2.0 g/kg water extracts of L. cubeba and 3.6,1.8 g/kg L. cubeba mixture could prolong incubation of swinging tail;1.6,0.8 g/kg ether extracts of L. cubeba,2.4 g/kg ethanol extracts of L. cubeba,1.8 g/kg L. cubeba mixture could reduce ear swelling;1.2 g/kg ether extracts of L. cubeba,1.7 g/kg ethanol extracts of L. cubeba,2.8 water extracts of L. cubeba and 2.55 g/kg L. cubeba mixture could increase the bile secretion of rats within 1 and 3 h and that of mice significantly. 1.2 g/kg ether extracts of L. cubeba,1.7 g/kg ethanol extracts of L. cubeba and 2.55 g/kg L. cubeba mixture could increase the bile secretion of rats within 2 h. 1.2 g/kg ether extracts of L. cubeba,1.7 g/kg ethanol extracts of L. cubeba could increase the bile secretion of rats within 5 h.1.2 g/kg ether extracts of L. cubeba could increase the bile secretion of rats within 4 and 6 h. 1.6 g/kg ether extracts of L. cubeba,2.4 g/kg ethanol extracts of L. cubeba,4.0 water extracts of L. cubeba and 3.6 g/ kg L. cubeba mixture could increase the bile secretion of mice.CONCLUSIONS:Various polar extracts of L. cubeba have cholagogic,analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects,which help to eliminate the inflammation of biliary passage and the symptoms. The effects of ether extracts of L. cubeba are comparatively stronger.


Making use of generalized calibrated geometry and G-struc\-tures we put the problem of finding string-duals with smeared backreacting flavor branes in a more mathematical setting. This more formal treatment of the problem allows us to easily smear branes without good coordinate representations, establish constraints on the smearing form and identify a topological central charge in the SUSY algebra. After exhibiting our methods for a series of well known examples, we apply them to the problem of flavoring a supergravity-dual to a d = 2+1 dimensional = 2 super Yang-Mills-like theory. We find new solutions to both the flavored and unflavored systems. Interpretating these turns out to be difficult.


The traditional approach to teaching a course in investments is predicated upon the efficient market hypothesis, modern portfolio theory, and the assumption that decision-makers are rational, wealth optimizing entities.  Recent developments in the arena of behavioral finance (BF) have raised questions about this approach. Although the idea of efficient markets is widely accepted in academic circles, financial markets often fail to behave as predicted by the theory. For the teacher of undergraduate investments, these divergent views create significant pedagogical challenges and opportunities. BF has particular implications for investing in financial markets, where the faith in rational behavior is perhaps the greatest.  This paper identifies alternative strategies for dealing with these issues in the classroom.


The management of cyanide bearing wastes in the environment is a major concern of both US EPA and industry. The measurement of cyanide forms in these wastes cannot be accomplished using methodology currently approved by EPA. This paper discusses cyanide measurements in terms of environmental significance with regard to decision making criteria. The recommendation is made to substitute a Weak Acid Dissociable method for the amenable cyanide by difference technology currently approved as SW846 Method 9010.


Preschool art education is one of the important teaching contents of preschool education, which plays an important role in the cultivation of preschool children's creativity and imagination. However, influenced by the traditional educational thoughts, preschool art education in China has become an important factor restricting the development of preschool children's thinking. In response to this problem, we are required to reorganize the goal of preschool art education and strengthen the study of preschool art education strategies, so that preschool art education can play its due role. So this paper analyzes the importance of preschool art education to cultivate children's creativity and imagination, and sorts out the problems of current preschool art education, and then puts forward the feasibility strategy of cultivating children's creativity and imagination in preschool art education.


Pharmacoepidemiology in mental health is already incipient in Brazil although research in this field could contribute to discussion about the pharmacological access and socio-demographical determinants and public health care politics. To assess the prevalence and sociodemographic characteristics associated with psychotropic use among urban resident inhabitants of Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Cross-sectional population-based research was carried using the data base wich was collected at the participant's domicile, by means of a tested questionnaire. The dependent variable of the study was the use of psychotropic drug. Substances were classified using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Index. Data analysis was performed for sociodemographic variables. Data of 24,169 questionnaires was analyzed. Estimated prevalence of psychotropic drug was 4,18% (n=1,012). Main therapeutical subgroups: psycholeptics (n=767; 49,1%), psychoanaleptics (n=540; 34,6%), antiepileptics (n=213; 13,8%) and anti-parkinson drugs (n=39; 2,5%). Most frequent substances: diazepam (n=311; 19,9%) and amitriptiline (n=187; 12,0%); the main use was chronic (n=1522; 97,4%); the public health system was the main supplier (n=363; 95,9%). Some sociodemographic characteristic found to be dependently associated with substance consumption: women (n=763, 75,4%); aged 40-59 y.o. (n= 360; 35,8%); low level of schooling (n=593, 62,1%). Presence of chronical disease (n=716; 85,75%) and pernicious habits (n= 283, 51,27%) were also significant. The prevalence of psychoactive use in the study population was high, but within the variation observed in other studies. Chronic use of benzodiazepines predominated. It is possible that the subjects are not consuming the necessary medicines to the appropriate treatment of their health problems


conflicts which have always been inherent in the whole 'Housing Question' as it is often called. Like the 'Irish Question' it appears to be chronically unanswerable. It is, however, quite clear that the generally accepted patterns of the fifties and sixties have dissolved and the certainties on which those concerned, certainly in the public field, based their work are no longer accepted either by the public or by themselves. This uncertainty has not been assisted by lack of agreement and even lack of knowledge as to the extent of need. Even to-day there is still uncertainty about the number and location of new dwellings required in what is after all a relatively small country with a long history of statistical information.


Normal 0 21 false false false HR X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} This article deals with the question of the extent to which the national regulation of minimum wages is influenced by the European Community's legal order. Firstly, it analyses the case law of the European Court of Justice with regard to Article 49 of the EC Treaty, which indicates that there is an increasing tendency to restrict the ability to extend a host state's minimum wage to foreign service providers. It then examines the Posted Workers Directive in the light of the Laval and Ruffert cases, which are seen as unexpected interpretations of the Directive and which will have an influence on the social models of some Member States. Finally, the article focuses on Croatia as a Non-Member State and its obligations, which derive from the Stabilisation and Association Agreement, regarding the Posted Workers Directive.


Introduction: NASA's Mini-RF instrument on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and the Arecibo Observatory (AO) in Puerto Rico have been operating in a bistatic architecture (AO serves as the transmitter and Mini-RF serves as the receiver) over approx. a 2.5 year period in an effort to understand the scattering properties of lunar terrains as a function of bistatic (phase) angle. In that time, 24 observations of the surface have been acquired of the lunar nearside and poles (Fig. 1) and include mare materials, highland materials, pyroclastic deposits, and a variety of craters (polar and non-polar). The primary motivation for acquiring these data is to characterize/differentiate the Circular Polarization Ratio (CPR) response of surfaces that are smooth versus rough at S-band wavelengths (12.6 cm) from surfaces that harbor water ice. Background: Radar observations of planetary surfaces provide important information on the structure (i.e., roughness) and dielectric properties of surface and buried materials [1-4]. These data can be acquired using a monostatic architecture, where a single antenna serves as the signal transmitter and receiver, or they can be acquired using a bistatic architecture, where a signal is transmitted from one location and received at another. The former provides information on the scattering properties of a target surface at 0° bistatic (phase) angle. The latter provides the same information but over a variety of angles. Laboratory data and analog experiments, at optical wavelengths, have shown that the scattering properties of lunar materials can be sensitive to variations in phase angle [5-7]. This sensitivity manifests as an opposition effect and likely involves contributions from shadow hiding at low angles and coherent backscatter near 0° [5]. Analog experiments and theoretical work have shown that water ice is also sensitive to variations in phase angle, with an opposition effect that it is tied primarily to coherent backscatter [8-10]. Differences in the character of the opposition response of these materials offer an opportunity to differentiate between them, an issue that has been problematic for radar studies of the Moon that use a monostatic architecture [11,12]. Observations: CPR information is commonly used in analyses of planetary radar data [1-4], and is a representation of surface roughness at the wavelength scale of the radar (i.e., surfaces that are smoother at the wavelength scale will have lower CPR values and surfaces that are rougher will have higher CPR values). High CPR values can also serve as an indicator of the presence of water ice [13]. We use CPR as a function of bistatic (phase) angle to explore the opposition response of lunar materials at S-band (12.6 cm) wavelengths (Fig. 2).


Thin-film multilayer reflectors for polarizing neutrons have been fabricated by sputtering bilayers of ferromagnetic iron (Fe) and non-magnetic silicon (Si) onto flat glass substrates. The multilayers were deposited according to the independent variation of one of four parameters: number of bilayers; bilayer thickness (D-spacing); argon sputtering gas pressure; and target power. The relationship between the measured neutron reflectivities of these multilayers and the expected theoretical values is discussed with respect to the deposition parameters.


Earthquake source parameters underpin several aspects of nuclear explosion monitoring. Such aspects are: calibration of moment magnitudes (including coda magnitudes) and magnitude and distance amplitude corrections (MDAC); source depths; discrimination by isotropic moment tensor components; and waveform modeling for structure (including waveform tomography). This project seeks to improve methods for and broaden the applicability of estimating source parameters from broadband waveforms using the Cut-and-Paste (CAP) methodology. The CAP method uses a library of Green's functions for a one-dimensional (1D, depth-varying) seismic velocity model. The method separates the main arrivals of the regional waveform into 5 windows: Pnl (vertical and radial components), Rayleigh (vertical and radial components) and Love (transverse component). Source parameters are estimated by grid search over strike, dip, rake and depth and seismic moment or equivalently moment magnitude, MW, are adjusted to fit the amplitudes. Key to the CAP method is allowing the synthetic seismograms to shift in time relative to the data in order to account for path-propagation errors (delays) in the 1D seismic velocity model used to compute the Green's functions. The CAP method has been shown to improve estimates of source parameters, especially when delay and amplitude biases are calibrated using high signal-to-noise data from moderate earthquakes, CAP+. In the last year, we have focused on several tasks: (1) Building a High-Quality Catalog of Earthquake Source Parameters for the Middle East and East Asia. In East Asia we computed source parameters using the CAP method for a set of events studied by Herrmann et al., (2006) using a complete waveform technique. Results indicated excellent agreement with the moment magnitudes in the range 3.5–5.5. Below magnitude 3.5, the scatter increases. For events with more than 2–3 observations at different azimuths, we found good agreement of focal mechanisms. Depths were generally consistent, although differences of up to 10 km were found. These results suggest that CAP modeling provides estimates of source parameters at least as reliable as complete waveform modeling techniques. However, East Asia and the Yellow Sea Korean Paraplatform (YSKP) region studied are relatively laterally homogeneous and may not benefit from the CAP method's flexibility to shift waveform segments to account for path-dependent model errors. A more challenging region to study is the Middle East where strong variations in sedimentary basin, crustal thickness and crustal and mantle seismic velocities greatly impact regional wave propagation. We applied the CAP method to a set of events in and around Iran and found good agreement between estimated focal mechanisms and those reported by the Global Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) catalog. We found a possible bias in the moment magnitudes that may be due to the thick low-velocity crust in the Iranian Plateau area.


Innovation is an important element for creating new opportunities in a car industry business. Each year, vehicle manufacturers issue the latest types of vehicle models. The development of the number of cars in Indonesia is not in line with the sales of Datsun cars at Indomobil's Puri Anjasmoro Semarang branch. The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of product innovation, lifestyle, and brand image on Datsun car purchasing decisions either simultaneously or partially. This research is a quantitative study using a questionnaire approach and literature study with a sample size of 71 respondents. The model used is multiple linear regression analysis Y = -1.129 + 0.105 X1 + 0.424 X2 + 0.510 X3. With the results of the F test, the sig value is 0.000 which shows that simultaneously the variable product innovation, lifestyle and brand image have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. The result of the determination coefficient (R2) is 76.3%, which means that the variable product innovation, lifestyle and brand image contributes to the influence of purchasing decisions. Meanwhile, 23.7% was influenced by other variables outside the model. T test results obtained sig value of product innovation (X1) sig = 0.356 lifestyle (X2) sig = 0.002 and brand image (X3) Sig = 0.000. Based on these results, the product innovation variable has no significant effect on purchasing decisions, while thevariables lifestyle and brand imagehave a significant effect on purchase intention. Based on the research of the three variables above, the Brand Image variable is the variable that most influences the Purchasing Decision


The form and skills of the pioneering novel violates the narrative model of the traditional novel and draws people's attentiion.The main features are distorting narrative time sequence,the logicality of narrative structure and the constant change of the narrator's perspective.


There is at present no comprehensive consensus on methodology and data collection for ABR surveillance. Schedule surveillance in most countries is often based on samples taken from patients with severe infections– particularly infections associated with health care, and those in which first-line treatment has failed. Community-acquired infections are almost positively under represented among samples, leading to gaps in coverage of important patient groups. Increasing incomes and a growing population are driving an increased demand for animal products in India, as is the case in other low and middle-income countries. Food animals are measured as key reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria with the use of antibiotics in the food production industry having contributed to the actual global challenge of ABR. In the modern era the utilization of dietary chicken is gradually increasing in India because more chicken is being consumed by the non-vegetarian populations. The recommended levels of AMAs in feed were 510g/kg in 1950's and have since increased 10-20 times. The present case study is conducted in Dehradun region of Uttrakhand state of India to evaluate and assess the antibiotics mistreatment in the population. Center for Science and Environment (CSE) report indicating antibiotic residues in poultry is considered as ground motive to analyze the locality and record their antibiotic uses outcomes. The present surveillance based on the questionnaire survey; participants were interviewed with open and closed-ended questions. A total 100 individuals were involved in the study. 60% of the patients consult a doctor before starting antibiotics whereas 40% of the patients accepted that they do not consult a doctor before starting antibiotics. The recent history to suffer from a viral disease was positive in 60%. Consequently, it is accomplished that non-vegetarians are at great risk of developing antibiotic resistant due to irrational use of antibiotics among poultry along with adverse drug reaction of ADRs. The development & progression of Antibiotic resistant in Indian patients is influenced by their socioeconomic class.


Dr. John A. Lapp of Chlcllgo, Dr. , WIIIIt.M E. Blatz of Toronto. Can· .... and Dr. Ernelt R. Groves ot ~. Ibree nationally known ex· .... hi tbe field of child study. Ad...... the con terence on child BtU• 114 parent education at the first ..... held here yesterdllY. ~Ung a rOlY , plcture of the fu· ift u the reeut at a program In ~1aI hyglehe. Dr. W _ E. Bla tz, ~ of 8t. Oeorge's !!Chool tor _ Mudy In Toronlo, Canllda, ad~ the conference on child study 1M .. ~nt education yeaterd&y af~n. lIent.1 Teets of Value IIatnt fer-reaching Influenccs which ill'. JI"01I'II from thl. movement tre tile Idjultment of children In echool br m.nlAl teBla. Dr. Blab mads clear that undoubl· Idlr tbe emph88ia In \)1e early tralnIII of childhood ahoul~ be on the enRoIIIJItntal factors_ Hereditary fI1d01'1l Ire not I!O Important. ID hit! prophecy of fifty yeara "lICe, Dr. Blab looks forward to a 1liiie "hen advances In mental hyIieDe ... n have made the age·old queetlons of obedience, punishment. Ifl. emotions, and truancy. all II!Ift,. of the past. He says thllt the \Il1o II coming wb"n the children will have equal rlghtll with the par"Ia ID Ihe horne. , 111_, 8oc:let7 l!ocIety I. to blame for an undemocrallc attitude towards child ur~. " lhe lceU8&Uon of Dr_ John R t.IIP of Chicago. director of ~he dePlrtment of IOClal action of the natlDaaI CalhoUc wel/Ilre conference, who IPOke on the subject. "Wba t doN _Iely owe the child?" "Society," ho ll801erted. "owe, 8n obIiptlon to the children who are IIIIIdIcappecl rather th8n to th08~ ... are fortuDllte In family, In In~ and In economie Ilta tU'." I -It adequate recreational and edat.atlonal \lacllltle8 were &vallable to all children, Ilnd It econom Ie bar-I rIon did not prevent them from lak"" IIdvantare of both there would be comparatively IIlll" of the juvenile d, lInQuency which now dlatres· let! UI." "The bulk of the children who leave &Choal do eo bPcaus of econom[TURN TO PAOE 61


The Covid-19 pandemic has prompted manifold social policy responses all around the world. This article presents the findings of a meta-analysis of thirty-six in-depth country reports on early Covid-19 social policy responses in the Global South. The analysis shows that social policy responses during the early phase of the pandemic have been predominantly focused on expanding temporary and targeted benefits. In terms of policy areas, next to labour market and social assistance measures, the focus has also been on unconventional social policy instruments. The social policy responses of developing economies were often rudimentary, focusing on cash transfers and food relief, and heavily relied on external funding. In contrast, many emerging economies introduced a much broader array of social policies and were less reliant on external support.


© 2012 Washington School of Psychiatry Edmund G. Howe, M.D., J.D., is Professor of Psychiatry, Director of Programs in Ethics, and Senior Scientist at the Center for the Study of Traumatic Stress at the Uniformed Services of the University of the Health Science (USUHS) in Bethesda, Maryland. Address correspondence to Edmund Howe, M.D., Department of Psychiatry, USUHS, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD 20814. E-mail: email@example.com Commentary on "Practical Legal and Ethical Considerations" Howe


—This paper present a review of mathematical and physical approaches of homogenization, fractal and multifractal methods for the study of roughness effect in the bonded materials. In particular, attention is paid to the effects of roughness on materials joined through an adhesive. Firstly, considering the periodic roughness, the different homogenization methods are presented, including mathematical and physical approaches. Secondly, when the rough surface is no longer considered periodic and taking into account multi-scale of asperities, the article focuses on fractal methods. Lot of research has focused on the effect of roughness irregularities on surface contact, friction or wear, crack propagation using fractal theory. Mul-tifractal analysis was introduced in the 80s and has overcome the limitations of fractal analysis. The multifractal analysis of fractal functions is performed using wavelets instead of boxes like in the classical multifractal formalism.


Ge–Se–Te chalcogenide films with Ge content from 10% to 27% were prepared using thermal evaporation. The films were annealed with different times, and the changes of the linear refractive index and optical band gap of the films with different chemical compositions were investigated. It was found that, after 30 h of annealing, the Ge20Se8.5Te71.5 film exhibits the smallest change ratio in terms of linear refractive index (<0.5%), optical band gap (<1.5%), and thickness (<2.5%). Therefore, this component has the best optical stability in the Ge–Se–Te system studied in this paper. The optical band gap of Ge20Se8.5Te71.5 is about 0.8 eV, and the refractive index exceeds 3.4, which is beneficial to the applications in Te-based optical waveguide devices.


While there has been a relative lack of attention to the effectiveness of collaborative depression treatment as it may vary across rural and urban populations, recent work suggests that collaborative care interventions improve the outcomes for urban, but not rural, primary care patients. This paper utilizes data from the Quality Enhancement for Strategic Teaming (QuEST) study to examine whether these differences remain when measures of social support and/or stressful life events are included in the analyses. The results show that even when these psychosocial variables are controlled for, the collaborative depression care intervention has differential effectiveness for rural and urban patients: the intervention improved outcomes for urban patients, but failed to do so for rural patients. The analyses also show that the intervention functions to improve feelings of social support in urban patients, but not rural patients, and that it does not affect stressful life events in either population. Implications are discussed. Language: en


We found that α2,3-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 produced a regio-mistaken sialyl-transferred by-product. Spectroscopic analysis of the purified by-product indicated that it contained two N-acetylneuraminic acids: one attached to the O-3′ hydroxyl group of lactose, and the other attached to the O-2 hydroxyl group of lactose. The relative configuration between the C-1 and C-3 of the α-glucopyranose residue is superimposable with that between C-4 and C-2 of galactopyranoside. Therefore, formation of this by-product, designated 2,3′-disialyllactose, was simply rationalized as a regio-mistaken reaction of bacterial α2,3-sialyltransferase. This finding indicates that this bacterial α2,3-sialyltransferase has a possibility to synthesize several unusual sialosides.