This study analyzes factors affecting apartment prices in 21 districts. The factors influencing apartment prices can be divided into the common factor, the regional factor, and the idiosyncratic local factor by a time-varying dynamic factor model. Empirical analytics are as follows: first, the regional factor shows the greatest proportion of change in the change rate of the individual apartment in a region. Seoul has the greatest influence among regional factors. The portions of regional factor have decreased in the change rate of the individual apartment. Second, the regionality of apartment prices shows that influences of individual regional factor in the change rate of apartment price has been shrunk overall. It means that the individual regionality of apartment prices has decreased. Third, the contributions of the common factor or the regional factor were large in the analysis related to regional interaction of apartment prices, meaning that the regional interaction of apartment prices in an individual region have been expanded. These imply that the real estate policy should be effective for all over the country rather than the specific region before 2016, but after that, the region-specific policy might be more effective.


Unlike Emmanuel Levinas, who rewrites the concept of creation in general and – in his sense – transfers it from ontology to ethics, Maurice Merleau-Ponty does not deal with this central Christian concept in detail. But it seems to be possible to gain important impulses for the further development of the theological idea of creation from his philosophy as well. If one conceives his concept of the flesh – which he develops in late philosophy – as the concept of an ontology that goes beyond traditional metaphysics, conclusions – which redefine the Christian concept of creation – can be drawn from his book »The Visible and the Invisible« as well as from his lectures on natural philosophy.


The goal of this project is to improve the efficiency and durability of the current solid oxide electrolyser cells (SOEC). SOEC technology allows energy storage produced by renewable sources in the form of hydrogen by water electrolysis. The same cell can operate in reverse mode producing energy that is as a fuel cell (SOFC).
Particularly, in this project symmetric cells will be tested. Symmetric cells possess electrodes (cathode and anode) made with the same material. In this way, changing cyclically the activity of the electrode (from cathode to anode and vice versa, under SOEC operation) and changing cyclically the operation mode of the cell (SOFC/SOEC) it is expected to reverse partially microstructural degradation allowing a greater durability.

Task 1: Fabrication and characterization of LSCM (La0.75Sr0.25Cr0.5Mn0.5O3) electrodes. LSCM is commercially available as a powder.
Task 2: Initial electrochemical characterization of LSCM symmetric cells. According to the results, optimization of the cells.
Task 3: Study of the durability of the symmetric cell by electrochemical and microstructural characterization (post-mortem microscopy). Study of the mechanisms that rule the effic


understanding being that the pursuit oidharma which included the fulfilment of caste duties and religious observances would lead to heavenly rewards. The spread of the knowledge of the rebirth doctrine, however, made the final certainty of moksa beyond normal existence (including its heavenly forms) more and more desirable and lured increasing numbers of in particular young people away from worldly and orthodox religious activities into the homeless life of asceticism. The appropriation of the appealing idea of moksa by the Brahmanic establishment and its inclusion within its system were certainly motivated to a large part by the wish to put the final goal of life into perspective and avoid its clash with the interests of the harmonious functioning of society and the perpetuation of its values. An Aryan would learn his dharma as a brahmacari (student, apprentice), pursue artha and enjoy kama as a.grhastha (householder) and contemplate moksa as a vanaprastha (hermit), finally to break all ties with the ordinary forms of life as a sannyasT (wanderer) facing the great unknown. Sharma's monograph deals with the four aims in a highly technical way scanning the theoretical literature from the Vedas to modern writers such as HTriyanna and Gokhale and analysing their mutual relation and the relative roles they played in different contexts. He does not give an historical account of their emergence and actual impact. The fact that the purusdrthas have so far obtained in his own words 'lackadaisical treatment', may be due to the prevalently theoretical nature of the doctrine of purusdrthas. However excellent the doctrine may sound, it is an unfortunate fact that in practice very few Hindus have followed it, preferring largely the pursuit of artha and kdma with various degrees of dharma as a modifying influence, while those few whose imagination was fired by the idea of moksa usually turned to its full pursuit regardless of whether they had brought the other three aims to fulfilment or not. Thus this undoubtedly unique attempt to reconcile conflicting aims in life and incorporate them into an integrated value system has, on the whole, remained uninfluential in the world of living religion. Sharma's excellent analysis thus gives us a better understanding of an ideal, but does not give us an account of the why and how of its practical failure.


The present study investigates a friction fruit conveyor system development based on a traditional friction-less ball and beam system which share the commonalities of controlling object according to platform angle. Given that the ball and beam system is inherently open-loop unstable, a simple PID controller was designed to stabilize the ball to a predefined position on the beam. In most of the ball and beam literature, the system is assumed to be ideal, friction-free and usually linearized to a simplified model. The analytical model cannot be accurate in real life application. Subsequently, system identification is a standard procedure to estimate its corresponding model for optimal controller designs. With insight from an identified state-space model, parameters such as the number of tapped delay lines and hidden layers are designed. A grey-box neural network system identification with transfer learning is then proposed to identify a nonlinear friction ball and beam system. The identified model is adaptively based on a pre-trained neural network obtained from a linear friction-free BBS mathematical system. The performance of the grey-box identified neural network system model with transfer learning, is then compared with a model obtained from its black-box identified model with neural network structure. Subsequently, a similar procedure will be used to design a grey-box neural network model for fruit conveyor system based on this friction ball and beam. The results of simulation grey-box neural network with transfer learning based on the developed friction ball and beam model system model, is satisfactory.


Modifications of spin-splitting dispersion relations and density of states for electrons in nonsymmetric heterostructures under in-plane magnetic field are studied within the envelope function formalism. Spin-orbit interactions, caused by both a slow potential and the heterojunction potentials (which are described by the boundary conditions) are taken into account. The interplay between these contributions and the magnetic field contribution to the spin-splitting term in the Hamiltonian is essential when energy amount resulting from the Zeeman and spin-orbit coupling are of the same order. Such modifications of the energy spectra allow us to separate the spin-orbit splitting contributions due to a slow potential and due to the heterojunctions. Numerical estimates for selectively-doped heterojunction and quantum well with narrow-gap region of electron localization are performed. PACS numbers: 72.25.-b, 73.21.-b


Multilevel inverter concept is the very important alternative in the field of medium and high power industrial drive applications. This new type of converters is suitable for high voltage and high power applications due to their ability to synthesize with better harmonic spectrum. By increasing the number of output levels in multilevel inverter, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) can be minimized. It works under with the help of single phase with different pulse width modulation (PWM) techniques, Several PWM techniques are available, among them the level shifting SPWM techniques are used and comparison is based on the basis of total harmonics distortions obtained. R2014a version of MATLAB/Simulink software is used for simulation. Index-Terms: Multilevel inverter (MLIs), Asymmetrical cascaded Multilevel Inverter (ACMLI), PWM techniques and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).


Lipase from Burkholderia cepacia complex is one of the most versatile biocatalyst and is used widely in many biotechnological application fields including detergent additives, the resolution of racemic compounds, etc. Based on the known whole genomic information of B. cepacia, both ampicillin and kanamycin were added to the TB-T media, the traditional selective media, to screen B. cepacia complex strains from rhizosphere soil samples. The single colonies on the plates with the modified TB-T media were then qualitatively determined the ability to produced the extracellular lipase in the rhodamine B-olive oil agar plates. Thirty-five strains of lipolytic pseudo-B. cepacia complex were isolated and the positive rate of lipolytic bacteria was 65%. Among them, 15 pseudo-B. cepacia complex strains with the tolerance to benzene, n-hexane and n-heptane at the concentration of 10% (V/V) were selected and identified by the recA gene sequence. All of the 15 lipolytic bacteria belonged to the B. cepacia complex.


Objective To assess the correlation between body mass index and the risk factors and severity of coronary artery disease.Methods Five thousand two hundred and ninety-four patients with suspected coronary artery disease,who underwent coronary angiography from Jan.2001 to Mar.2007 at 20 medical centers in China,were enrolled in the present study.The patients were divided into normal,overweight and obesity group,and body mass index(BMI),blood pressure(BP),blood glucose,serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) were measured.The correlation between BMI and the risk factors and severity of coronary artery disease(CAD) was analyzed.And the correlation between gender in different BMI group and CAD rick factors was also evaluated.Results The BMI was correlated with BP,TC,blood glucose,age and HDL-C(P 0.05) in male group.The BMI was correlated with BP,TC,TG,LDL-C and high blood glucose(P 0.05) in female group.Logistic regression analysis showed that hypertension was a prominent predictor of overweight and obesity(OR=2.102,95%CI 1.762~2.509).Conclusion BMI is significantly correlated with blood glucose,BP,TG,TC,LDL-C and HDL-C,but it is not an independent risk factor for CAD.


Background: A high-salt diet worsens EAE, a murine MS model involving interleukin-17 producing helper T-cells, which in turn can be activated in vitro with high salt concentrations. The only human study relating salt intake to MS activity used a single urine sample, which does not adequately reflect long term salt intake.
Objective: To assess whether a high-salt diet, as detected by measuring urinary sodium (Na) concentration, is associated with faster conversion from clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) to MS and MS activity and progression.
Methods: BENEFIT was a randomized trial comparing early versus delayed interferon beta-1b treatment in 465 patients with a first event suggestive of MS (CIS). Each patient provided a median of 14 (IQR: 13 to 16) spot urine samples semi-annually throughout the 5-year follow-up. We estimated 24-hour Na excretion level at each time point using the Tanaka equations, and assessed whether Na levels estimated from the cumulative average of the repeated measures were associated with clinical (conversion to MS, EDSS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcomes.
Results: Average 24-hour Na levels were not associated with conversion to clinically-definite MS over the 5-year follow-up (hazard ratio [HR]=0.92; 95[percnt] CI: 0.78-1.09 per 1000mg increase in estimated daily sodium intake); nor were they associated with clinical or MRI outcomes (new active lesions after 12 months HR: 0.98; 95[percnt] CI 0.94-1.03; relative change in T2 lesion volume: -0.08; 95[percnt] CI -0.23-0.05; change in EDSS: 0.02; 95[percnt] CI: -0.03-0.06; time to first relapse HR: 0.91; 95[percnt] CI: 0.77-1.08). Results were similar in categorical analyses using quintiles.
Conclusions: Our results, based on multiple assessments of sodium excretion over 5 years and standardized clinical and MRI follow-up, suggest that salt intake does not influence MS disease course or activity. Disclosure: Dr. Fitzgerald has nothing to disclose. Dr. Munger has nothing to disclose. Dr. Freedman has received research support from Bayer Healthcare and Genzyme. Dr. Hartung has received personal compensation for activities with from Bayer, Biogen, GeNeuro, Genzyme as speaker, committee member, consultant. Dr. Montalban has received personal compensation for activities with Actelion, Almirall, Bayer Pharmaceuticals, Biogen Idec, Genzyme Corporation, Merck & Co., Inc., NeuroTex, Novartis, Octopharma, Receptos, and Roche Diagnostics Corporation as a speaker. Dr. Edan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Barkhof has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Schering Pharma, Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Janssen Research, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Synthon BV, and Teva as a consultant. Dr. Radue has received research support from Actelion, Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Sanofi. Dr. Kappos9s institution (University Hospital Basel) has received royalty payments from Neurostatus Systems GmbH. Dr. Suarez has received personal compensation for activities with Bayer Pharma AG/Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals as an employee. Dr. Ascherio has received personal compensation for activities with Almirall, Bayer HealthCareRoche, Sanofi-Aventis, and Serono. Dr. Ascherio has received research support from the NIH and NMSS.


Abstract Introduction: The discussions in this theme provided an opportunity to address the unique hazards facing the Pacific Rim. Methods: Details of the methods used are provided in the preceding paper. The chairs moderated all presentations and produced a summary that was presented to an assembly of all of the delegates. Since the findings from the Theme 3 and Theme 7 groups were similar, the chairs of both groups presided over one workshop that resulted in the generation of a set of action plans that then were reported to the collective group of all delegates. Results: The main points developed during the presentations and discussion included: (1) communication, (2) coordination, (3) advance planning and risk assessment, and (4) resources and knowledge. Discussion: Action plans were summarized in the following ideas: (1) plan disaster responses including the different types, identification of hazards, focusing training based on experiences, and provision of public education; (2) improve coordination and control; (3) maintain communications, assuming infrastructure breakdown; (4) maximize mitigation through standardized evaluations, the creation of a legal framework, and recognition of advocacy and public participation; and (5) provide resources and knowledge through access to existing therapies, the media, and increasing and decentralizing hospital inventories. Conclusions: The problems in the Asia-Pacific rim are little different from those encountered elsewhere in the world. They should be addressed in common with the rest of the world.


1. Introduction: Coming to the Knap-in 2. Making Stone Tools: The World's Oldest Craft 3. From Fakes and Experiments to Knap-ins: The Roots of Modern Flintknapping 4. The Knap-in: People and Organization 5. Knappers at the Knap-in 6. Status and Stones 7. Art, Craft, or Reproduction: Knapper Esthetics 8. Can't Never Have Too Much Flint: The Lore of Stone 9. Modern Stone Age Economics 10. Knappers, Collectors, Archaeologists: Ethics and Conflicts 11. Silicon and Society


Thermal stability in a stockpile of combustible material modelled in a spherical domain is investigated in this article. The reactive material of the sphere is considered with temperature dependent thermal conductivity and the sphere is assumed to lose heat to the ambient due to exothermic chemical reaction taking place within it. Also, a one-step finite rate irreversible Arrhenius kinetics is assumed to tackle the complicated chemical reaction taking place in this problem. We apply finite difference method (FDM to solve numerically the differential equation governing the problem. FDM is very essential for spatial derivatives discretization. Heat transfer analysis for variation of kinetic parameters embedded within the system, against temperature, is presented graphically and the results are discussed accordingly.


The chapter compares Austria and Switzerland with respect to the overall structures of formal education and training, and how apprenticeship is embedded in these structures. The different provisions of permeability are also analysed.
Official charts of the education structures are compared to more systematic, data-based ones.


of Medicine, Stanford, Calif. A 59-year-old man presented to the emergency department with dyspnea and anterior chest pain The pain was pressurelike and radiated to the jaw and left arm. His symptoms had begun suddenly three hours earlier. He did not have a history of heart disease or other major illness. He smoked one pack of cigarettes a day. In the emergency department, the patient's vital signs were normal, but the ECG showed the pattern of acute inferior myocardial injury. There was also 2 mm to 3 mm of ST-segment depression in leads V1 through V5 and 1 mm of Sf-segment elevation in the right-sided V6• Immediate coronary arteriography showed total occlusion of a dominant right coronary artery at a proximal site, with mild diffuse irregularity of the left anterior descending artery. Flow was reestablished by balloon angioplasty and placement of a stent. During the next 24 hours, Q waves and inverted T waves evolved in the inferior leads. The serum creatine kinase level rose from an initial value of 112 units to a peak of 3,036 units (MB fraction 6. 7%). The routine follow-up ECG recorded 12 hours after admission is shown.


A supervision system for the Pump Station implemented by SIMATIC PLC and King View is given in this paper for ChangZhi iron and steel Group Company Limited. The system structure, the design of hardware and communication, the software design are described in detail. The system has already run in spot, works well.


Traditionally the weed management has been done considering the overall weed infestation in the whole field and then herbicides are sprayed according to a single weed control recommendation for the field. But weeds are not uniformly distributed and normally have clumped populations showing weed patches presenting high spatial variability. This nature of the weed populations can be mapped, and so it can help the decisions with weed management on agricultural systems. However, localization and mapping of the weed clusters are very difficult tasks in large areas, and require adequate methodology. Therefore, determination method of this weed spatial variability must be scientifically studied. This document aim to provide information about the concepts, tools and methods of weed mapping considering that weed mapping technology is an important tool to bear on decisions associated with crop production, and it is a priority for the implementation of this technology multiple sources of scientific knowledge in weed biology and management regarding to the spatial variability.


The purpose of this paper is to develope the husband and wife epic test. The results of this paper are as...


This book traces how Lope de Vega Carpio deployed publications and public appearances to gain powerful benefactors in the court of Philip III. It explores how the quest for influential sponsors shaped Lope's literary practice, and how his extraordinary popularity and success as a playwright changed the court's patterns of artistic patronage. It also asks how his increasing fame as a playwright changed his attitude toward all his literary works, contemplating the paradoxical fruits of his highly public quest for glory and status.


According to the study on the correlation betWeen daily energy consumption(E)and air tenperature(T) of Hubei,the results show that the correlation of E-T is not essentially changed in circumstances of electrical shortage and oversupply.the correlation is postive in summer, but in winter,it is not obvious and it is positive or negative on occasion.lseeffect increases gradually with time p assing. M e anwhile, the evaluation and forecast models for weekly average daily energy consumption-air temperature correlation of 21 Weeks per summer in 3 years are established.


This topical review gives a comprehensive overview and assessment of recent results in causal dynamical triangulations, a modern formulation of lattice gravity, whose aim is to obtain a theory of quantum gravity nonperturbatively from a scaling limit of the lattice-regularized theory. In this manifestly diffeomorphism-invariant approach one has direct, computational access to a Planckian spacetime regime, which is explored with the help of invariant quantum observables. During the last few years, there have been numerous new and important developments and insights concerning the theory's phase structure, the roles of time, causality, diffeomorphisms and global topology, the application of renormalization group methods and new observables. We will focus on these new results, primarily in four spacetime dimensions, and discuss some of their geometric and physical implications.


This paper presents a threat list acquisition method in an engagement area using the support vector machines (SVM). The proposed method consists of track creation, track estimation, track feature extraction, and threat list classification. To classify the threat track robustly, dynamic track estimation and pattern recognition algorithms are used. Dynamic tracks are estimated accurately by approximating a track movement using position, velocity and time. After track estimation, track features are extracted from the track information, and used to classify threat list. Experimental results showed that the threat list acquisition method in the engagement area achieved about 95 % accuracy rate for whole test tracks when using the SVM classifier. In case of improving the real-time process through further studies, it can be expected to apply the fire control systems.


Determining progress during wound healing is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment. Previous works have solved this task using methods paying attention to specific regions of the image. However, we explore an alternative, non-local attention approach and implement a cross-layer attention mechanism that focuses on the areas of interest and considers related spatial regions of the wound. Experimental results and visual representations show that adding cross-layer modules to mid-level and top-level layers enables better classification of wound healing stage and generalization.


The emergence and spread of COVID-19 has severely impacted the tourism industry worldwide. In order to limit the effect of new pandemics or any unforeseen crisis, coordinated actions need to be adopted among tourism stakeholders. In this paper, we use an evolutionary game model to analyze the conditions that promote cooperation among different stakeholders in a tourism network to control high-risk crises. A data sample of 280 EU regions is used to define the tourism network of regions with a heterogeneous dependence on tourism. The results show that cooperation is helped by the existence of a structured tourism network. Moreover, cooperation is enhanced when coordination groups include small numbers of participants and when they are formed according to the similarity of tourism dependence.


A new synthesis with high productivity and simple process for 1 -amino-2, 4-imidazolidinedines is introduced. The product is prepared by condensation of semicarbazones, whose active-H is protected by aldehydic, with ethlmonochloroacetate in presence of sodium alkoxide in dry ethanl. This research not only increases its production rate, but also decreases the harm of poisonous regent to man.


Too Hot to Handle! Too medications risk freezing on probrought to the forefront in March Cold to Hold! longed exposure to cold environ1995 during USP's 175th Quinments. Additionally, unexpected quennial Convention. Discussions The summer was a scorcher. Not and unacceptable changes in a culminated in Resolution No.1 0: only did high temperatures and huproduct's chemical and physical Drug StorageStandards: midity affect our personal comfort, characteristics (e.g., odor, consis"The USP is encouraged to idenbut consumer products, especially tency, color) as described in some tify compendial items for which medications, may also have been reports were determined by the storage and shipment in the distriaffected adversely. manufacturer to be caused by the but ion system are of special conConsumers and healthcare pracproduct's exposure to temperature cern, so that proper storage and titioners should be concerned with extremes and humidity. shipment instructions can be inthe stability and integrity of drug Consider the following reports: eluded with the compendial item, products, especially after they • A pharmacist was concerned such that the integrity of the item is leave the manufacturers' control. that the contents of a bottle of maintained until received by the Reporters often express concerns activated charcoal suspension patient." through the USP Practitioners' Rewas solidified and could not Applicable environmental stanporting Network (USP PRN) about be resuspended. The manudards that will apply specifically to the environmental stresses to which facturer replied that the prodshipment and distribution also their medicines are exposed. Conuct should be stored between should be possible to develop. Discern increases during the summer 15 and 30°C. Storageoutside tribution and storage systemscould and winter months, when extremes that range would render the implement the use of temperature of temperature and humidity are product difficult, if not impostags, time temperature strips, and/or more likely to be encountered. sible, to resuspend even after insulated packaging. Techniques Before a medication reaches the it was brought back to room such as these would allow for vericonsumer, it is transported by truck, temperature. The manufacturfication that an identified artiele train, or plane; stored in warehouser suspected that the product had been handled and/or packaged es; stuffed into mailboxes; or was stored under adverse conappropriately throughout the distriplaced in the trunk of a car (where ditions at some time during bution chain. it can be exposed to even greater the product's history. The firm The USP requests that healthcare temperature extremes even though is currently investigating ways practitioners submit to USP PRN the passenger interior is air-condito make the protJuct more toltheir concerns and experiences tioned). Even after a consumer reerant to exposure outside the with temperature-related drug ceives a medication, it may sit in a normal temperature range. product integrity problems encouncar or non-air-conditioned home. • Upon opening a sealed bottle tered during handling, distribution, Storageconditions may affect a of ethosuximide 250 mg soft or storage under unacceptable condrug product's stability, appeargelatin capsules, a pharmacist ditions. Your observations will help ance, consistency, and critical found liquid from the capsules to identify compendial items for characteristics (such as dissolution). coating the inside of the botwhich storage and shipment are of Therefore, a manufacturer ensures tie. Apparently, 15 or more special concern in the distribution the product's stability and integrity capsules had either ruptured system. These real-life experiences only as long as the required storage around the seal or were somewill ensure that any changes to temperatures and conditions are how destroyed at some time USP standards are relevant to pracfollowed. during their history. According tice and to consumer handling. All Reports received through USP to the manufacturer of the incidents reported will be added to PRN illustrate that drug products product, this is not an uncomthe USP DPPR database and will be are not always transported and/or mon occurrence when soft shared with the USP Packaging, stored under ideal conditions. For gelatin capsules have been exStorage, and Distribution Subcomexample, during the summer posed to elevated temperamittee for consideration. Adapted months mailboxes are used as the tures. Soft gelatin capsules and excerpted from USP Quality repository of mail-order prescripmay break and leak when Review 1995;51 :1. tions and trucks delivering temperature conditions exmedicines cover many miles over ceed the recommended laKeeping Dry... and More hot highways. At the opposite exbeled temperature of 30°C. treme, during the winter months, This continuing problem of proDesiccants are packaged with especially in the northern states tecting a product's integrity throughmany pharmaceutical products, and Canadian provinces, liquid out its distribution and delivery was whether in the outer packaging sur-


Background & Objective: Local wound infiltration with local anesthetics is known to be an efficacious analgesic modality with minimal side effect. We evaluated the comparative analgesic effect of fentanyl with ketamine as an additive to 0.25% bupivacaine for local wound infiltration during open abdominal hysterectomy . Methodology: Ninety female patients with ASA class I or II, aged 20 – 60 y, who underwent elective open abdominal hysterectomy under spinal anesthesia, were allocated randomly to one of the three groups. Patients of Group C received 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine, Group F received 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine plus 2 ml of fentanyl (100 µg), and Group K received 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine plus 2 mg/kg ketamine. The time to first analgesic demand and the total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h postoperatively were noted. Postoperative sedation score was also noted in all patients. Results: Total analgesic consumption in the first 24 h postoperatively was significantly less in both Group K and F, in comparison to Group C (P = 0.001); however, there was no statistically significant difference between Group K and Group F (P = 0.706). The first call for analgesia was significantly earlier in the Group K in comparison to Groups C and F (P = 0.001). The sedation score was higher in Group K than the other two groups (P > 0.001) . Conclusion: Local wound infiltration with ketamine as an adjuvant to bupivacaine appears to be a promising analgesic modality in open abdominal hysterectomy surgery. It has comparable analgesic effect to fentanyl when added to bupivacaine in local wound infiltration with longer duration of analgesia and minimal sedative effects.


The MMM colony of Musca domestica L., which had been maintained on a diet containing 0.01% of apholate for 9 years and 10 months was discontinued following the F178 generation because of lack of adult females; the only adults to emerge from 213 pupae were 50 males. Two strains of flies removed from the MMM colony at the F40 and F44 generations and thereafter not exposed to apholate maintained relatively high and low levels of sterility, respectively. A third strain removed from the MMM colony at the F147 generation and thereafter exposed to 0.03% apholate developed such a high degree of sterility that the strain died out because of lack of adult emergence. This inability of progeny from the MMM colony to tolerate higher doses of apholate indicated that even after generations of continuous exposure, it had failed to develop resistance and was, in fact, more susceptible. The MMM colony also failed to develop resistance to gamma irradiation.


The invention discloses a method and a circuit for scheduling the data of a memory through fast Fourier transform (FFT) reverse operation. Two N/2 depth single-port memories are used for data scheduling, so that the area and power consumption advantages of the single-port memories are fully exerted, and the area of an on-chip memory is effectively reduced; a uniform data pause signal and a direct write after read strategy are adopted, so that the pause of external data can be waited while the data is not lost and a read and write time sequence is not influenced through the design; and N clock data delays with a fixed rule are adopted, so that detection logic that the shortest delay time is realized by a large first in first out (FIFO) memory is effectively avoided. The method and the circuit are high in configurability and expandability, and the dependence of different point numbers on memory capacity and control logic is furthest avoided; and compared with the conventional reverse operation method, the method has the advantages that: a few resources are occupied, configuration flexibility is high, and interrupted and paused continuous data stream can be processed.


A collection of 18 short stories focusing on the lives of black people in Chicago during the 1960s. With one exception, the stories examine the experience of America's blacks and centres on life in the slums and of lives spent making ends meet between security cheques.


Digital reference services at university libraries in Australia and New Zealand are a recent phenomena dating back to the late 1990s--following the developments in Web-based online library services. This paper examines the move towards the provision of e-mail reference services based on the study of 16 randomly chosen university libraries in Australia and 4 in New Zealand. The Web sites of these 20 university libraries were analyzed. This paper presents findings for each of the following questions posed by the study: (1) How accessible is the e-mail reference service on the library's homepage? (2) Are the parameters of the e-mail reference service fully explained in terms of types of questions handled and the maximum response time? (3) Are the guidelines of privacy or confidentiality spelled out? (4) Is there a feedback facility evaluating or commenting on this service's effectiveness? (5) Who can access the e-mail reference service? For example, is the service extended to users in the community? (6) What information is required from users of this service? (7) How useful is the design of the e-mail reference form for conducting a successful reference answering service? Further steps are also discussed. (Contains 26 references.) (AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the ori inal document. PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY Virtual Reference Services Down-under: A Cautionary Tale G--S --Wagner "Revised Version September 18, 2001"


Sidney Pollard's study, which he locates "on the borderline between geography and economic history" (p. 257), is divided into two parts. The first part considers "theories" of the margin, the way in which contemporaries and historians have understood the idea of marginal regions in Europe. Separate chapters examine the expansion of the occupied territory of Europe since the collapse of the Roman Empire, the judgments of observers that marginal populations were especially backward ("The Negative View") or industrious and self-reliant ("The Positive View"), and the idea of a complementary linkage between marginal areas and economic centers. The second half of the book presents a series of case studies of marginal lands: the German colonization of Eastern Europe in the twelfth through the fourteenth centuries; the economic activities of the Cistercian monasteries in the same period; the Central European mining regions in the Early Modern period; and the Industrial Revolution in the marginal regions of England, principally Lancashire and the West Riding of Yorkshire. The two parts of the book are related, if tenuously. Pollard's overall thesis is that marginal regions, defined less in relation to political, economic, and cultural centers than as geographic types, have historically been the "mainsprings of European progress" (p. 220). Societies on the margins contained an identifiable set of characteristics that made them more "self-reliant" and "adaptable." Relatively unhampered by restrictive regulations, they became the sites of important technological, economic, and even cultural innovation that Pollard unself-consciously links to "progress." This is a bold and ambitious set of claims, and Pollard has mobilized a vast scholarship (his bibliography runs to fifty-three tightly printed pages) supporting his argument. In truth, he is careful to limit the scope of his inquiry: the Europe in question amounts to that part north and east of the Alps, making up a region of "relative homogeneity" distinct from, for example, the Mediterranean regions. Given the author's insistence on the geographic setting as a framework of economic innovation, the conspicuous absence of maps in this volume is problematic and at times makes it difficult for nonspecialists of the region. What, then, is a marginal land? Pollard carefully chooses his margins: forests, marshes (and fens), and uplands (mountains) were marginal regions in the period when food production dominated the economy. While the author draws a number of distinctions among these different kinds of margins, and while he recognizes some of the difficulties in lumping them together under a single rubric, he nonetheless insists that these geographic settings are similar enough to be grouped together, although largely by their noneconomic characteristics (their relative inaccessibility, political marginality, and cultural isolation). More generally, Pollard argues that these structural similarities give rise to a "distinct societal personality or character" (p. 264), which includes not only the traits of adaptability and self-reliance but also the strength of family loyalties, the presence of martial characteristics, and the likelihood of embracing "extreme or


BACKGROUND: Because p24 antigen may be detectable during seroconversion, before antibodies, some of the infected blood undetected by antibody screening could be identified through antigen screening.


Let {τn} be a certain sequence of functions in D converging to 1 in D′. The commutative neutrix convolution f ♦∗ g of two distributions f and g in D′ is defined to be the neutrix limit of the sequence 1 2 {(fτn) ∗ g + f ∗ (gτn)} , provided the limit exists. We present relations between this new convolution and other existing distributional convolutions, and demonstrate its strong computational power in evaluating convolutions as well as applications to defining new fractional derivatives and integrals of generalized functions in the new space H which contains D′(R+). The neutrix convolutions x− ♦∗ xμ+ for λ, μ, λ+ μ 6= 0,±1,±2, · · · and x− ♦∗ x+ for λ 6= 0,±1,±2, · · · and s = 0, 1, 2, · · · are evaluated, from which other neutrix convolutions are deduced.


In this study presents exploratory investigation Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) with the partial replacements of fly ash and silica fume. The work done made with various partial replacement of cement by silica fumes with fly ash percentage as 25%. After these replacements, cube specimens are cast and cured. The specimens are cured in water for 7, 14&28 days. The slump, V-funnel and L-Box tests are carried out on the fresh Self Compacting Concrete and in harden concrete compressive strength and split tensile strength values are concluded. Trials have been made to examine the different properties of the Self Compacting Concrete and to determine the possibility of various replacements of fly ash, silica fume that can to be used in Self Compacting Concrete.


The role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) in the regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) expression in MCF-7 cells was investigated. After treatment of the cells with 100 pm TGFβ1, ER protein declined by about 30% at 6 h from a concentration of 413.5 fmol/mg protein in control cells to 289.5 fmol/mg protein in treated cells. The concentration of receptor remained suppressed for 24 h. Scatchard analysis demonstrated that the decrease in ER protein corresponded to a decrease in estradiol-binding sites, with no effect on the binding affinity of the ER. The dissociation constant of the estradiol-ER complex was 0.117 nm in TGFβ1-treated cells compared to 0.155 nm in control cells. Treatment with TGFβ1 did not influence the half-life of the ER. In TGFβ1-treated cells, as well as in control cells, the half-life of the receptor was approximately 4 h. In contrast to the effect on ER concentration, TGFβ1 treatment resulted in a greater decrease in the steady state level of ER messenger RNA (∼75%) at 6 h. By 24...


Due to the heightened ambient PM 2.5 levels, the whole citizen of Japan, especially dwellers in Fukuoka Prefecture, start to make attention to the particulate matter (PM) of indoor environments. This study was aimed to thoroughly estimate the characteristics of indoor PM collected in five Japanese homes located in Fukuoka Prefecture. Simultaneous indoor measurements of PM were intensively made at five homes using filter-pack samplers, particle counters, and PM 2.5 monitors for a day in springtime, 2012. Major ionic and carbonaceous components were also analyzed. The time series fluctuation of PM number concentration was gradually decreased by 6 AM and then it was rapidly increased by 8 AM in all indoor sites. The maximum level of PM 2.5 was measured at the morning time (8 AM-9 AM) when the resident's behavior was fast and strenuous. The Indoor/Outdoor (I/O) ratio for the giant PM larger than 5.0 μm was 1.16. It was possible to identify PM types and estimate the resident's behavior through the comparison the theoretically calculated and the measured retention times for several types of PM in an indoor site. The theoretically reconstructed mass concentration of PM 2.0-0.3 suggested that the portion of PM 2.5 in indoor was quietly occupied by PM 0.3 or the PM inherently originated from indoor environment.


Based on ultimate shareholder's views, five hypotheses were proposed. Using method of least squares, regression models were set up. Data of this research comes from private listed companies in Shanghai stock markets from 2004–2008. The paper examines the effects of ultimate shareholder's controlling rights, cash flow rights and the separation between them on corporate performance and capital structure. The paper aims to give some suggestions on interests protection of minority shareholders in China. Results show that: (1) Controlling rights are negatively related to corporate performance, and cash flow rights are positively related to it. The performance decreases with the separation degree of the two rights. (2) Controlling rights and cash flow rights are negatively related to the size of debt financing.


In this work it is undertaken a deep study of stability for switched systems, mainly via Lie algebraic Theory. At first, the basic concepts and results from Lie algebra necessary for the study of stability of switched systems are presented. Criteria for stability are discussed. It is also done an exposition of the proof that all linear systems ẋ = Apx, p = 1, 2, ..., N, with stable and pairwisely commutative matrices Ap, have common quadratic Lyapounov functions. A sufficient condition for asymptotic stability of switched linear systems is presented in term of the Lie algebra generated by a family infinite matrices. That is, if this Lie algebra is solvable, then the switched systems are stable for an arbitrary change of sinal. Next weaker conditions are studied. If the Lie algebra is decomposable into two subalgebras in which one is a solvable ideal and the other has a compact Lie group, then the switched systems are globally exponentially uniformly stable. However, if the Lie group is not compact, it is also possible to generate a finite family of stable matrices such that the corresponding switched linear systems are not stable. Finally, corresponding local stability results are presented for nonlinear systems.


The non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) method with Buttiker probe scattering self-energies is assessed by comparing its predictions for the thermal boundary resistance with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. For simplicity, the interface of Si/heavy-Si is considered, where heavy-Si differs from Si only in the mass value. With Buttiker probe scattering parameters tuned against MD in homogeneous Si, the NEGF-predicted thermal boundary resistance quantitatively agrees with MD for wide mass ratios. Artificial resistances that plagued NEGF calculations in homogeneous systems so far are absent in the present NEGF approach. Spectral transport information result from NEGF without transformations in its natural representation. The spectral results show that the scattering between different phonon modes plays a crucial role in thermal transport across interfaces.


P A R IS — There have been pe r s is ten t reports tha t, in the m onths preced ing the d o w n fa ll o f K h ru s h  chev, s tr ikes b roke ou t in several areas in the S ovie t U n ion and th a t these p layed a s ig n if ic a n t ro le in the sudden rem ova l o f the p re m ie r fro m o ffice . W orld O utlook , an E ng lish language la b o r press service is sued here, stated Jan ua ry 23 th a t i t has been able to c o n firm these reports th rou gh its ow n channels in Moscow. The pers is ten t discussion over the ro le o f s tr ik e action in b r in g  in g dow n K hru shch ev is based on tw o actua l occurrences. The f irs t was a s tr ik e o f au to w o rke rs in the Z IL p la n t in Moscow, one of the b iggest in the c ity and, fo r th a t m a tte r, the en tire Soviet By Robert Shann JA N . 27 — The rea l na tu re of the V ie tn am w a r was made c rys ta l c lear w ith the s ta rt lin g d isclosure tha t U.S. Special Forces troops have th e ir ow n bodyguards to p ro tec t them fro m the V ietnam ese troops they are supposed to be " adv is ing ." The bodyguards are fro m a band o f ex iled Chinese m ercenaries called Nungs, w ho pro tect the A m ericans fro m the V ietnam ese fo r h igh wages and a num ber o f special p riv ileges. M eanw hile , the m il ita ry under G enera l K ha nh has again seized d ire c t co n tro l fro m the so-ca lled c iv ilia n H uong governm ent w h ich has been the ta rge t o f massive B u d d h is tle d dem onstrations. The Buddh is ts have been a im  in g th e ir protests fo r the f ir s t tim e d ire c tly against the U n ited States and U.S. Am bassador T a y lo r. The s e lfim m o la tio n by f ire of a 17y e a r-o ld g ir l yesterday dram atized the g ro w in g B ud dh is t d r iv e against the U.S. and its puppets. F ive lead ing m onks began a " fas t un to death" Jan. 20 w h ich they had vow ed to con tinue u n t i l the H uong reg im e was toppled. On Jan. 22 a la rge dem onstra tion in fro n t o f the U.S. Embassy in Saigon was attacked by soldiers w ith clubs, bu lle ts and tea r gas. The B u d d h is tle d dem onstra tors c a rried banners reading, " W e de(Continued on Page 3)


The time-domain dynamic process model is used to generate data and guides the stability criteria for machine learning, saving the experimental costs for a number of required data for the metal process. Fourier transformation of vibration data simulated using a dynamic process model generates the feature lists including multiple frequencies and amplitudes at each process condition. The feature lists for milling stability are analyzed for training the machine learning algorithm. The amplitude and frequency distributions may change according to the dynamic pattern of the machining stability. The vibration patterns are grouped into stable, chatter, and boundary conditions by performing data training using support vector machines and gradient tree boosting. In the high-speed milling of Al6061-T6 with 6000 to 18,000 RPM and variations of axial and radial depths of cuts, 2400 data sets of the time domain data were trained and tested. Actual experimental tests are carried out for new process conditions with the range of 9890 to 28,470 RPM and 989 to 2847 mm/min. The experimental stability outcomes are compared with predictions from the algorithms. Stability is accurately predicted over new conditions with around 0.9 prediction accuracy, which means the methodology can be used to predict, categorize, and monitor stability in end milling processes.


The City of Wanneroo has sought Ministerial intervention on behalf of residents seeking an
immediate and effective response to concerns about the welfare of kangaroos at Yanchep


Abstract 11 Children with Down9s Syndrome (DS) have an increased risk for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have previously identified somatic mutations in R683 of JAK2 in 20% of DS-ALLs (Bercovich et al, Lancet 2008;372:1484). However the cooperating cytokine receptor and other molecular features have been obscured. Here we report that gene expression analysis reveals that DS-ALL is a highly heterogeneous disease not definable as unique ALL subtype. However, 62% (33 of 53) of the DS-ALL samples analyzed were characterized by aberrant expression of the type I cytokine receptor CRLF2 caused by two types of genomic aberrations. CRLF2 encodes one chain of the heterodimeric receptor of the TSLP cytokine involved in inflammation and lymphoid development and has been recently reported to be involved in translocations to the IgH locus or micro-deletions in 3% of ALLs in children without DS. We have confirmed its cell surface expression on primary DS-ALL cells by Flow cytometry analysis. Consisting with a possible role of CRLF2 as a cytokine receptor, all specimens with the R683 mutated JAK2 had high CRLF2 expression. We further show that CRLF2 and R683 mutated JAK2 cooperate in conferring cytokine independent growth of pro-B cells. Furthermore in 3 of 23 DS-ALL patients with wt. JAK2 we identified a novel activating somatic mutation in CRLF2 replacing the juxta-membrane F232 with Cystein. Mutated CRLF2 but not wild type CRLF2 conferred cytokine independent growth of BaF3 cells associated with phosphorylation of STAT5. Aberrant expression of CRLF2 was also associated with a younger age at diagnosis and worse prognosis. Intriguingly, bioinformatic analysis revealed that gene expression of DS-ALLs is enriched with DNA damage and BCL6 responsive genes suggesting the possibility that DS is associated with B-cell lymphocytic genomic instability leading to the genomic aberrations activating CRLF2. Thus DS confers increased risk for genetically highly diverse ALLs with frequent somatic anomaly in CRLF2, whose higher expression further selects for the activating mutations in itself or in JAK2 (figure). Our data also suggests that the majority of DS children with ALL may benefit from therapy blocking the CRLF2/JAK2 pathway. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


Polysilicon is formed by pyrolytic decomposition of a silicon-bearing gas and deposition of silicon onto fluidized silicon particles. Multiple submerged spout fluidized bed reactors and reactors having secondary orifices are disclosed.


State parks are typically established to preserve natural or native habitats for wildlife while simultaneously providing recreational experiences for humans. However, because of their proximity to urban centers, the level of human visitation associated with state parks may be highly variable. Little information has been published regarding the eff ect of human visitation levels on wildlife escape behavior in state parks. We evaluated fl ight initiation distances (FIDs) and buff er distances (i.e., the diff erence between alert and fl ight distances) for white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus; deer) from September 2013 to August 2014 at 3 state parks in east-central Illinois with diff erent human visitation rates. Deer FIDs were lower in a high-visitation park and higher in a low-visitation park. The buff er distances were higher in a high-visitation park and lower in a low-visitation park. Other social (sex, group size, presence of juveniles) and environmental (cover, weather, season) variables that might aff ect escape behavior did not account for the relationships with park attendance. These results suggest that deer within state parks either habituate to human activity or spatially segregate based on personality (e.g., degree of shyness or boldness). Based on our fi ndings, high levels of human visitation in parks can have a signifi cant impact on the behavior of local wildlife.


Abstract Purpose We retrospectively assessed bone and visceral manifestations in patients with Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) with whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) to determine the effects of different timing in initiating long-term enzyme replacement therapy. Materials and Methods In 17 patients with GD1, we performed 2 WB-MRI examinations at a median interval of 13 months. Patients had received enzyme replacement therapy with alglucerase/imiglucerase for a median of 13 years prior to the first examination. MRI results were retrospectively stratified based on treatment initiation into 2 groups: "early" (age ≤12 years, median 5 years) and "late" (during adulthood, median 32 years). We evaluated occurrence of irreversible avascular necroses (AVN) and applied several semi-quantitative scores, including the Bone-Marrow-Burden (BMB) score, the Düsseldorf-Gaucher score (DGS), the Vertebra-Disc-Ratio (VDR), and the Gaucher disease type 1 Severity Scoring System (GD-DS3). Results MRI assessments showed no AVN in the "early" group. AVN were observed in 2 patients of the "late" group; one also had a splenic Gaucheroma. The follow-up examinations showed slight improvements in the BMB-score, DGS, and VDR, with similar tendencies in both treatment groups. The GD-DS3 score only improved in "late" group. Conclusion This retrospective study supported the ongoing clinical value of enzyme replacement therapy with alglucerase/imiglucerase, as WB-MRI-based scores stayed constant or slightly improved even after long-term treatment. Secondary complications were only observed in the late treatment group. Our results suggest that "early initiation" of enzyme replacement therapy may protect the bone.


Background: Background: Therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (tMNs) exist as a distinct diagnostic entity in the 2016 WHO classification, and include MDS, MDS/MPN overlap, and AML that develop following iatrogenic exposure to mutagenic agents and ionizing radiation. Patients with the classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), essential thrombocythemia (ET), polycythemia vera (PV), and myelofibrosis (MF), are excluded from the tMN category. Prior studies have observed an increased risk of other cancers in patients with MPNs, possibly from shared risk factors including older age and chronic inflammation. The impact of prior history of cancer on outcomes in MPN patients is not well understood. A single centre study of MF (Masarova et al, Blood Advances, 2017) found no survival difference between patients exposed to chemotherapy/radiation and those managed with surgery/observation/hormone therapy. Aims: Aims: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of MPN patients with or without prior non-MPN cancer, and the impact of tMN-implicated therapy on survival following MPN diagnosis. Methods: Methods: We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study using the ICES provincial health databases. Included patients were residents of Ontario aged ≥18 years with an MPN diagnosis from Jan 1, 2004 to Dec 31, 2019.


Greenville County, South Carolina, constructs permanent paved surfaces on approximately 20 mi of existing gravel road each year. The county engineer sought to protect his new low-cost pavement from premature degradation and more frequent maintenance by including an appropriate geotextile as a separator between the subgrade and the pavement structure. The physical properties required to make the geotextile an effective long-term separator include both strength properties, which resist the forces of coarse aggregate being pushed into the subgrade, and hydraulic properties, which prevent the pumping of fine soils up into the coarse base aggregate while still allowing for pore water pressure dissipation from the subgrade. The geotextile strength and hydraulic properties necessary to survive construction and to provide long-term filtration and separation between the subgrade and the base aggregate are evaluated by testing of exhumed geotextile samples and visual pavement condition surveys for a trial installation.


As the ultra precision grinding can be applied to wafering process by the refinement of the abrasive, the development of high stiffness equipment and grinding skill, the conventional wafering process which consists of lapping, etching, 1st, 2nd and 3rd polishing could be exchanged to the new process which consists of precision surface grinding, final polishing and post cleaning Especially, the ultra precision grinding of wafer improves the flatness of wafer and the efficiency of production However, Ground silicon wafer has grinding damage that is even more serious than these of other process - polishing and lapping Moreover, it is expected to be distributed non-uniformly because of the charateristic of In-feed grinding process and mono-crystalline silicon wafer that has diamond cubic crystal Therefore, in order to define amount of the removal in post-process, it is necessay to analyse grinding damage correctly as much as to develope the process So this paper focused on grinding damage distribution according to direction of the radius and crystallization in ground silicon wafer


The reference frame of this study starts from an assurance as to the formation of a new historical paradigm, with a series of characteristics and challenges. Globalization is becoming a historical case that cannot be ignored, especially since it emphasizes the conjugation of the political element with the economic one. In other words, nation states have the opportunity to negotiate an economic status by identifying a model that would safeguard the national interest. The Republic of Moldova is working to develop a strategic leadership that would generate efficiency in all aspects. The ,,Associated Trio" cooperation project is an example of this.


Abstract In areas with irregular topography, complex near surface, and complex subsurface, there is much uncertainty in rms velocity estimation for prestack time migration, whereas interval velocity estimation for prestack depth migration is despairingly challenging. We often attribute the velocity uncertainty to various factors, including strong to severe lateral velocity variations, heterogeneity, anisotropy, mode conversion, and three-dimensional behavior of complex structures. Nevertheless, it is not easy to identify the cause of and account for the uncertainty as it often is a combination of the various factors. And the analyst struggles with much difficulty when estimating a velocity field, whether it is for prestack time or depth migration. Velocity uncertainty invariably gives rise to erroneously high or low migration velocities, which then causes two problems with prestack migration: (1) we fail to preserve reflector amplitudes, and (2) we also fail to position the reflectors correctly and focus ...


This study aims to determine the description of the implementation of the distribution and impact of the Raskin program (Indonesian rice distribution program for the poor) for target beneficiary households (RTS-PM). This type of research is descriptive qualitative with survey and documentation methods. The results of the study are known to be the implementation of the Raskin program in Airmata Village, which is measured by 6T success indicators (right target, correct quantity, right time, right quality, right administration, and right price); it can be concluded that the implementation has been running but not yet optimal, caused by indicators of the right amount, right quality, and on time out of sync with conditions in the field. The Raskin program has a positive impact and benefits the recipient community because of the relatively affordable prices and the well-running routine program to support and improve community food security.


This study aimed to study sex education in light of Islamic Education views. It sought to answer the following questions: 1) How does Islam Education view toward sex education? 2) Is the concept of sex education in Islam Education different from that in western cultures? 3) How does Islam view sex in different development stages? 4) What are sex education's main aspects as seen by Islam Education? The study concludes that Islam Education did not neglect sex education. On the contrary, much attention and direction has been provided for in accordance with its teaching and regulations. The study also concludes that Islam Education viewed libido as being coherent with human nature, indicated ways in which it can be achieved and explored that are different from those in western cultures, and provided precautionary and remedial plans to deal with sexual problems that child and adolescent face. In addition, the study indicates that the main aspects of sex education in Islam Education are developmental, humanistic and integrated in nature. It recommends that further comprehensive studies for curricula be carried out, and the inclusion of sex education concepts, in curricula, that are in accordance with Islamic Education and regulations.


Research in service recovery and service innovation has attracted significant attention in recent years but few studies have focused on achieving service recovery through service innovation. The current study aims to bridge this gap in research – to investigate the effect of service innovation on service recovery. Additional emphasis is also given to examining whether employee empowerment serves as a mediator between service innovation and service recovery in the hotel industry. A quantitative survey method was applied by using a 60-item questionnaire and data collected from a sample of 381 employees from five-star hotels in Jordan. The findings confirmed the hypotheses, revealing a direct effect of service innovation on employee empowerment which, in turn, had a significant influence on service recovery. Additionally, this study proposed a model of influence of service innovation in service recovery, whereby employee empowerment fully mediates this relationship. The current study contributes to the existing literature on service innovation and service recovery as it identifies the role of service innovation in enhancing service recovery performance in hotels.


Himachal is rich in the natural resource. These plants are hereditary used in various formulation and dietary foods. The plants are widely distributed in the lower Himachal from the altitude of 800mtrs to 2600mtrs. The plants are known by their local names and the ethnic knowledge has been passed from one generations to next generation. These plants are immunomodulatory, anticancer and improves the body functions. Various parts of plants like roots, barks, leaves and fruits are used in the food and medicines by local peoples.


In strengthening construction,Pre-stressing anchoring is widely used in strengthening the slope,it becomes a valid and irreplaceable method in slope strengthening construction,and has gotten good economic benefit,however,a plenty of regretting accidents in construction occurred,and a lot of human power and financial resource of society wasted.According to the experience of the author in many years,the problems in pre-stress anchor control factors of slope engineering are analyzed and summarized.The factors affecting the anchoring were discussed,and some accidents in engineering were listed,because of wrong treatment of the control factors in anchor engineering,the controlling factors of design in anchor-engineering for reference,and it is hoped to make an effective alarm in anchor engineering for possible accident or fault in future.


BACKGROUND: A person exposed to foreign blood group antigens may produce antibodies. The persistence of antibodies varies among people and among antibodies. A study was performed to investigate the persistence of clinically significant RBC alloantibodies over a period of 20 years.


Wenxindiaolong in our country has the very high value in the history of literary criticism. It is one of Liu Xie's important theories about the creation theory of literature, the researchers have different opinions to this theory, factions and varied. This paper focuses on the opinion of the word "Tongbian", as well as to the full text of the understanding and the ponder.


Text-to-image synthesis is the task of synthesizing realistic and text-matching images according to given text descriptions. Most text-to-image generative networks consist of two modules: a pre-trained text-image encoder and a text-to-image generative adversarial network. In this paper, we propose a stronger text encoder which employs a text Transformer to extract semantically meaningful parts from text descriptions. With the stronger text encoder, the generator can obtain more meaningful text information to synthesize realistic and text-matching images. In addition, we propose a Dynamic Convolutional text-image Fusion Generative Adversarial Network (DCFGAN) which employs the Dynamic Convolutional Fusion Block to fuse text and image features efficiently. The Dynamic Convolutional Fusion block adjusts the parameters in the convolution layer according to different text descriptions to synthesize text-matching images. It improves the efficiency of fusing text features and image features in generator network. We evaluate the proposed DCF-GAN on two benchmark datasets, the CUB and the Oxford-102. The extensive experiments demonstrate that our proposed stronger text encoder and Dynamic Convolutional Fusion Layer can greatly promote the performance of text-to-image synthesis.


Patients who have spent more than three days in intensive care are less likely to develop post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) if staff and relatives make a diary of their stay and go through it with them afterwards, a study has found.

Out of 162 patients randomised to review their diaries with a health professional one month after discharge from intensive care, just eight (5%) developed PTSD compared with 21 of 160 (13%) patients who did not review their stays with the help of a diary, shows the study published in the open access journal Critical Care …


In this thesis, we first look at the Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) problem and define the goals, constraints, and techniques available. Then, a practical and general OPC framework is built up using concepts from linear systems, control theory, and computational geometry. A simulation-based, or model-based, OPC algorithm is developed which simulates the optics and processing steps of lithography for millions of locations. The key contributions to the OPC field made in this thesis work include: (1) formulation of OPC as a feedback control problem using an iterative solution, (2) an algorithm for edge movement during OPC with cost function criteria, (3) use of fast aerial image simulation for OPC, which truly enables full chip model-based OPC, and (4) the variable threshold resist (VTR) model for simplified prediction of CD based off aerial image.
A major contribution of this thesis is the development of a fast aerial image simulator which is tailored to the problem of OPC. In OPC applications, it is best to compute intensity at sparse points. Therefore, our fast aerial image simulator is tailored to computing intensity at sparse points, rather than on a regular dense grid. The starting point for the fast simulation is an established decomposition of the Hopkins partially coherent imaging equations, originally proposed by Gamo (14). Within this thesis, the decomposition is called the Sum of Coherent Systems (SOCS) structure. The numerical implementation of this decomposition using Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) is described in detail.
Another contribution of this thesis is the development of a variable threshold resist model (VTR). The model uses the aerial image peak intensity and image slope along a cutline to deduce the development point of the resist, and has two primary benefits: (1) it is fast, (2) it can be fit to empirical data.
We combine the fast aerial image simulator and the VTR model in an iterative feedback loop to formulate OPC as a feedback control problem. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)


Through determining the parameters of foam,hand feelings and hardness of foam formed by different multivariate copolymer with different molecular structure in mousse formula,the different styling characteristics showed by different monomer within copolymers were analyzed. After comparing the effects of different multivariate copolymer in mousse formula,the optimal mousse formula scheme was obtained. Also,the development trend for future styling polymer was suggested.


This study was performed to evaluate effects of minimum (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) on soil organic matter and soil structure in haplic Chernozems and mollic Fluvisols. The content of soil organic carbon (Corg) as well as parameters of stability and vulnerability of soil structure were quantified. The results showed that soil type had statistically significant influence on Corg. In haplic Chernozems the Corg content near the surface (0–0.1 m) was significantly higher under MT (by 6%) compared to CT, however, in layer 0–0.3 m under CT the average Corg content was by 16% higher than under MT. In mollic Fulvisols under MT, the average Corg content (17.5 ± 5.4 g*kg-1) was significantly less for the 0–0.3 m layer than the CT (22.7 ± 0.4 g*kg-1). In Chernozems, total content of water-stable micro-aggregates (WSAmi) was higher in MT (90.8%) than in CT (69.5%). In mollic Fluvisols, the average content of WSAmi was higher in CT (62.5%) than in MT (53.2%). The low aggregate stability and the high structure vulnerability were reflected also due to the high contents of WSAmi in both soils. The stability of aggregates was a higher in mollic Fluvisols than in haplic Chernozems. In haplic Chernozems, better soil structure stability was under CT than MT, on the other hand, in mollic Fluvisols, the average value of coefficient of aggregate stability was lower by 32% in CT than MT.


Outage probability due to interference and spectrum efficiency for pico- and microcellular mobile radio systems, are considered. A general expression for evaluating outage probability in the presence of a Rician channel both for the useful signal and the interferers, is presented: moreover, a Monte-Carlo simulation method for evaluating the effects of correlated shadowing is applied.


The condition of zero reflection of p- and s-polarized light by a transparent bilayer on an absorbing substrate is derived in the form |gν(ϕ, Ni)| ≤ 1, where gν is a function of the angle of incidence ϕ, the refractive indices Ni (i = 0,1,2,3) of the system, and the polarization state ν (= p or s). As an application, the air–Si3N4–SiO2–Si system is considered at two laser wavelengths λ = 6328 and 3250 A. The thicknesses of the two films of the bilayer and the unextinguished reflectance are determined as functions of ϕ, and the results appear graphically and in tables. Extinction of the s polarization is accompanied by low overall residual reflectance (e.g., for incident unpolarized light, it is 1.6% for λ = 6328 A at ϕ = 45°). On the other hand, suppression of the p polarization at a high incidence angle is accompanied by high s reflectance (e.g. = 96% for λ = 3250 A at ϕ = 83°). This demonstrates that efficient bilayer reflection polarizers are possible.


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Treason has always been considered the worst action one could take. In moral view, there is no worse act than treason. Even murder, in its pure form (without the elements of treason), is a lighter crime in moral terms. In this paper, the author tries to research the problem of high treason from the point of view of a legal historian, beginning with its emergence as the legal term, following its development through Roman law and the law of the Middle Ages in Western European countries, to its current form (both in the law in several European countries and the law of the Republic of Serbia). High treason, although modified, still finds its roots in the ancient Roman institution of crimen laesae maiestatis. This delict was created at the same time as the state itself - ever since the state was invented, there has been the crime of high treason, and an effort to contain it.


A plurality of converters of the core and integrated on the shared converters interference and methods for avoiding undesirable impact on the other potential of the integrated between, systems and devices are described herein. In one embodiment, multiple transducers are wound on a shared core. Close each transducer wound on said core, its primary and secondary windings are multi-ring that is magnetically coupled to each other through the core without coupling ringdoem to the other transducer windings sharing a core. A plurality of the integrated transducer may be provided to the device by only one position only of the core element in the array circuit after.


From the Publisher:
Features
Requires no previous programming experience, and focuses on building programming skills by example Object-oriented programming and design are integrated throughout Offers examples of many different kinds of graphics components during its presentation of graphical user interfaces (GUIs) Provides a complete discussion of inheritance mechanisms, covering such concepts as dynamic binding, polymorphism, abstract classes, and interfacing Dedicates entire chapters to the following Java topics: exception handling, active objects and threads, events handling, streams and files, and communication


I should have perform'd my promise of writing to you sooner, could I have sent you a Letter either of Fun or Business. The dullness of this place does not afford matter for the first, & I have been too much harried by Fishing Feasting c his attitude should be leaning upon one hand & pointing wildly towards the Heavens with the other. Kent & Footman attend him, & Gloster comes to him with a Torch; the real Madness of Lear, the frantick affectation of Edgar, & the different looks of concern in the three other carracters, will have a fine effect. suppose you express Kent's particular care & distress by putting him upon one knee begging & entreating him to rise & go with Gloster. but I beg pardon for pretending to give you advice in these affairs, you may thank yourself for it, it is your Flattery has made me impertinent. the Scene you chose for Othello strikes me more & more, & I think cannot be alter'd for the better, 'tis a glorious subject & you will do it justice. I have many thousand things to say upon this head most of which I must defer till I see you, which I am affraid will not be for some time, however go on & prosper (I need not wish you success you must have it) & all my endeavours to forward it are sincerely at your service. I have receiv'd a most surprizing epistle from Mr Lacy, full of false accusations many of 'em contradictory, & interspers'd with low, weak, calumny & defamation ... he has sent me an offer of gooL for three years, to come into a generall article to be obliged to play whenever he pleases, all which I have rejected. I won't agree for 3 years I will have the salary I have had hitherto, & all my arrears shall be paid, I am not able to act two nights successively two principal carracters. I endeavour'd at it last sea-


Yi People's Heroic Epic "Zhigaalu" of China contains the contents of the cultural spirit of positive energy.First,it contains the idea of harmony between man and nature,not only "understanding nature,conquest of nature" but also "caring for nature". Second,in dealing with people and society more scientific and rational view of history relations, war concept,outlook on life and a more accurate truth,goodness and beauty of the specific value of the standard.Third, when face the relationship problems,it propagates pure love and loyalty in handling interpersonal relationships,unity mutual friendship, warmth touching affection, harmony of national feelings.In a word, it can play an important role in the construction of socialist core value system in our country.


Since 2007 global financial crisis, many central banks have tended to focus on financial stability much more than ever. Lessons learned from recent crises witness that in a period of sustained economic growth with low and stable inflation, financial imbalances could adversely affect financial system and real economy, which eventually leads to financial crises. In addition, the cost of crises becomes increasingly expensive over time because crises themselves have been more systemic. Risk from one financial institution can easily transfer to others and then to the whole financial market. Thus, current crises highlight the importance of financial stability role of central banks in two main aspects, crisis prevention and crisis management. The paper indicates that in recent financial crises, many central banks have stepped beyond their traditional roles in order to ensure financial system stability. Some instruments and measures that central banks have implemented can be considered as unconventional ones. Looking forward, these practices then lead to new challenges for central banks in three main aspects: risk identification, risk mitigation, and policy issuance process. Eventually, this paper also provides policy implications to Bank of Thailand, based on international experiences and lessons learned from recent crises.


Objective: To observe the effect of Naoxintong injection on histological structure of cerebral ischemia of rat. Method: Naoxintong were injected continously into the abdominal cavity of rat for 3 d. The rat brain were taken out after the bilateral common carotid arteries were blocked for 3 h and cut into slices, stained with HE method. Result: The histological structure of brain tissue which injected with middle and large dosage of Naoxintong injection were basically normal and had significant difference compared with the normal group, and superior to the Weinaolutong group. Conclusion: Naoxintong injection has obvious protect function to rat brain injure which caused by ischemia.


The paper offers a quantitative assessment of the quality of fur velour made of raw sheepskin and nutria skins obtained by the developed technologies. For this purpose, hydrophobized fur velour made of semi-fine-wool sheep skins and nutria skins with low-quality bristle hair has been used. The tanned semi-finished product of sheepskin and male nutria after moisture removal has been processed with a grinding skin of 4-5 grit. Fur velour is obtained from raw materials of inhomogeneous structure in different topographic areas, low density, but with satisfactory physical and mechanical properties of leather fabric, which in its quality meets standards requirements. The hydrophobization process is carried out with a composition based on α-alkenes С20–24 and maleic anhydride with an average molecular weight of 38‧103. According to the purpose of the research, a comprehensive assessment of the quality level of hydrophobized fur velour has been performed. A number of tasks have been implemented. Individual indicators of fur velour have been selected and ranked by experts. Their significance has been determined. The range of dimensional indicators of fur velour quality has been pointed out according to the scale of desirability. Desirability functions of velour quality significant indicators and complex quality index (CQI) of hydrophobized fur velour have been developed. The results of CQI development of sheepskin and nutria skins hydrophobized fur velour have been analyzed. CQI of hydrophobized fur velor and nutria skins, which includes 10 significant experimentally determined indicators has been calculated. According to the CQI, the hydrophobized velour material significantly outperforms fur velour obtained by standard technologies, especially after its sprinkling. Hydrophobized velour of sheepskin and nutria is characterized by a higher thermal resistance of 1.17 and 1.15 times, respectively, in comparison with control samples. The obtained materials can be effectively used to manufacture clothing items suitable for use in extreme conditions under rain and snow.


Marketing information products and services: a primer for librarians and information professionals , Marketing information products and services: a primer for librarians and information professionals , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


The fixed point algebra C ⁄ (E) ∞ of a gauge action ∞ on a graph C ⁄ -algebra C ⁄ (E) and its AF subalgebras C ⁄ (E) ∞ associated to each vertex v do play an important role for the study of dynamical prop- erties of C ⁄ (E). In this paper, we consider the stability of C ⁄ (E) ∞ (an AF algebra is either stable or equipped with a (nonzero bounded) trace). It is known that C ⁄ (E) ∞ is stably isomorphic to a graph C ⁄ - algebra C ⁄ (EZ ◊ E) which we observe being stable. We first give an explicit isomorphism from C ⁄ (E) ∞ to a full hereditary C ⁄ -subalgebra of C ⁄ (EN ◊ E)(‰ C ⁄ (EZ ◊ E)) and then show that C ⁄ (EN ◊ E) is stable whenever C ⁄ (E) ∞ is so. Thus C ⁄ (E) ∞ cannot be stable if C ⁄ (EN ◊ E) admits a trace. It is shown that this is the case if the vertex matrix of E has an eigenvector with an eigenvalue ' > 1. The AF algebras C ⁄ (E) ∞ are shown to be nonstable whenever E is irreducible. Several examples are discussed.


Wording has been widely shown to affect decision making. In this paper, we investigate experimentally whether and to what extent, cooperative behaviour in a Game of Chicken may be impated by a very basic change in the labelling of the strategies. Our within-subject experimental design involves two treatments. The only difference between them is that we introduce either a socially-oriented wording ("I cooperate"/"I do not cooperate") or colours (red/blue) to designate strategies. The level of cooperation appears to be higher in the socially-oriented context, but only when the uncertainty as regards the type of the partner is manipulated, and especially among females


The multiple traveling salesperson problem (MTSP) involves scheduling m > 1 salespersons to visit a set of n > m locations. Thus, the n locations must be divided into m groups and arranged so that each salesperson has an ordered set of cities to visit. The grouping genetic algorithm (GGA) is a type of genetic algorithm (GA) designed particularly for grouping problems. It has been successfully applied to a variety of grouping problems. This paper focuses on the application of a GGA to solve the MTSP. Our GGA introduces a new chromosome representation to indicate which salesperson is assigned to each tour and the ordering of the cities within each tour. We compare our method to standard GAs that employ either the one-chromosome or two-chromosome representation for MTSP. This research demonstrates that our GGA with its new chromosome representation is capable of solving a variety of MTSP problems from the literature and can outperform the traditional encodings of previously published GA methods.


Human hands, the primary means of non-verbal communication, convey intricate semantics in various scenarios. Due to the high sensitivity of individuals to hand motions, even minor errors in hand motions can significantly impact the user experience. Real applications often involve multiple avatars with varying hand shapes, highlighting the importance of maintaining the intricate semantics of hand motions across the avatars. Therefore, this paper aims to transfer the hand motion semantics between diverse avatars based on their respective hand models. To address this problem, we introduce a novel anatomy-based semantic matrix (ASM) that encodes the semantics of hand motions. The ASM quantifies the positions of the palm and other joints relative to the local frame of the corresponding joint, enabling precise retargeting of hand motions. Subsequently, we obtain a mapping function from the source ASM to the target hand joint rotations by employing an anatomy-based semantics reconstruction network (ASRN). We train the ASRN using a semi-supervised learning strategy on the Mixamo and InterHand2.6M datasets. We evaluate our method in intra-domain and cross-domain hand motion retargeting tasks. The qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate the significant superiority of our ASRN over the state-of-the-arts. Code available at https://github.com/abcyzj/Semantics2Hand


Let me plunge right into a Lewis column to convey his marvelous craft in weaving the past into a contemporary moment. This one is from July 8, 1974. The column is about the oral argument before the Supreme Court in the Executive Privilege case, which was to enter the constitutional canon as United States v. Nixon. 1 Lewis writes as both eyewitness and commentator. He begins with constitutional history by invoking the legendary case of Marbury v. Madison:


This work gives a detailed description of the automation process carried out in the expanded equipment in the casing inspection line of the Tenaris Company. This automated process was carried out since in the production process there were defects in the termination of the pipeline which caused delays for the process. The control design was made with software and sequential programming methods RSLogix and programmable logic controller (PLC.) Compact Logix; (1769-L32E CompactLogix 5332E controller.) For which, a communication network was created that incorporates new elements for the control of powers and actions by means of elements of field (sensors). In the automation process, software and components were integrated which allow a better and optimum performance of the industrial process for the reduction of times in productive cycles. Before the automation of the process, 378,000 pieces were threaded per year and after the automation process, 425,250 were threaded. Showing a significant improvement in the automation process which results in improvements to the process in terms of time reduction and resources optimization.


Background: The contrast medium (CM) dose-to-eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) ratio has recently been advocated to express systemic exposure to CM in assessing the risk of contrast medium-induced nephropathy (CIN). Purpose: To evaluate how CIN risk might vary with decreasing eGFR at fixed CM-dose/eGFR ratios and other CIN risk factors, and to find a relatively safe CM-dose/eGFR ratio. Material and Methods: 391 patients underwent primary coronary angioplasty for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. CM dose (grams iodine; g I), eGFR (ml/min), and preprocedural CIN risk factors were entered into a multiple logistic regression model. From the established statistical model, the probability of CIN (≥44.2 µmol/l serum creatinine rise or oliguria/anuria) was calculated at various eGFR levels based on g-I/eGFR ratios of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1. Results: At a g-I/eGFR ratio <1 the risk of CIN was 3%, while it was 25% at a g-I/eGFR ratio ≥1. Independent predictors of CIN were CM dose, eGFR, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and cardiogenic shock (ROC area =0.87). An estimated CIN risk of 10% would for example occur at a g-I/eGFR ratio of 1.5:1 in patients with 50% LVEF without shock. At a 1:2, 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 g-I/eGFR ratio with 50% LVEF without shock, the CIN risk was about 2, 6, 18, and 30%, respectively, over a wide range of eGFR values (30–90 ml/min). At a 1:1 g-I/eGFR ratio with 50% LVEF+shock, 25% LVEF without shock, or 25% LVEF+shock, the CIN risk was 20, 55, and 80%, respectively. Conclusion: Relating CM dose to eGFR appears to be an attractive pharmacotoxic model to assess CIN risk. At fixed CM-dose/eGFR ratios, CIN risk increased marginally with decreasing eGFR. Limiting the CM dose in g I numerically to the eGFR value in ml/min or less may be relatively safe with regard to CIN, unless multiple risk factors are present.


An outline is presented of the behavior of ferromagnetic materials in large high‐frequency fields. It is shown that, because of the collective behavior of the electronic spins, instabilities set in beyond a certain critical field amplitude. Finally, the application of such effects to the construction of ferromagnetic amplifiers is discussed.


out, capable of doing anything except major and special surgery and doing it well. He was thoroughly abreast of the medical opinion of his day, and when well over fifty took a post-graduate course in Berlin, as well as visiting foreign clinics in his frequent journeyings abroad. Outside of medicine he was an exceedingly well-read man with a wide and deep knowledge of all that was best in English literature, particularly in poetry and philosophy. Beyond mere intellectual qualities he was a man of the most upright and sterling character, profoundly religious with little regard to creeds. And with it all nothing of austerity, but a man of great kindliness and much humour. All these characteristics, naturally with some modification, reappeared in his son, and endowed him with those qualities which made him


Abstract : Chlorinated aromatic compounds have been used extensively in industry and agriculture. Even though chloroaromatic compounds are generally viewed as xenobiotic, numerous bacteria have been isolated that are able to mineralize these compounds. However, it is not known whether these isolates have recently evolved new catabolic traits or if they are genetically preadapted for xenobiotic degradation. In this study, 3-chlorobenzoic acid (3-CBA) was chosen as a model substrate to test the hypothesis that natural bacterial populations are preadapted for xenobiotic degradation. Pristine soils were sampled to determine if isolates could be cultivated without long-term enrichment. Two ecosystems were selected: (1) Mediterranean, selerophyllous woodlands in California, Chile, South Africa, and Australia; and (2) boreal forests in Canada and Russia. A two-step enrichment protocol using 3-CBA-UL-ring-14C was used to detect mineralization in mixed communities. Isolates were obtained by plating on R2A agar. In all 610 3-CBA degrading isolates were cultured from these sites indicating that the distribution of 3-CBA catabolic activity is widespread in pristine soil ecosystems. Catabolic activity of individual strains was assessed by HPLC analysis. Population structures of 3-CBA degraders were compared by rank ordering the percent transformation in these incubations. The variation in the ability of different strains to transform 3-CBA is attributed to natural variation in the specificity of catabolic enzymes. To determine if variability was present in other enzymes, genotypically distinct strains were examined for their catabolic versatility using other substituted aromatic compounds and a novel (33)S incorporation assay. The data reveal appreciable diversity in the range of other metabolizable compounds.


Paper on the implications of growing poverty in developing countries, with a historical overview of foreign aid efforts - discusses recommendations of the Pearson Commission, impact of world crises (e.g. inflation, petroleum shortage, etc.), national planning efforts to mobilize local resources in developing countries, neglect of rural development, need to balance improvements in economic growth with income distribution, development project planning


In his famous presentation at the International Congress of Mathematicians held in Paris in 1900, David Hilbert included the Riemann Hypothesis (all the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function have real part 1 2) as number 8 in his list of 23 challenging problems for mathematicians for the 20th century. Over 100 years later, it is one of the few on that list that have not been solved. Nowadays, many mathematicians consider it the most important unsolved problem in mathematics. We give results connected to the Riemann Hypothesis. Mathematics Subject Classifications: 30D05, 30D15, 11M06, 11M38, 11M50


In the 1980s, the Government believed that the extra demand for new graduates would need to be met by making higher education institutions more 'business–like'. This change was aimed at making these institutions more responsive to the country's economic needs by improving access, quality and efficiency. One consequence of the move to more 'business–like' organisations was the imposition, under The Education Reform Act (1988) and The Further and Higher Education Act (1992), of newly constituted boards of governors upon the new universities and colleges of higher education.

These new boards were structured so that the majority of their membership consisted of 'independent members', defined in the 1988 Act as 'persons appearing to the appointing authority to have experience of, and to have shown capacity in industrial, commercial, or employment matters or the practice of any profession'. These boards were expected to lead, or at least to act as catalysts for, the necessary change process. The paper argues that boards of governors could be said to be very efficient but not necessarily very effective and suggests that more needs to be known about the corporate governance process in the new universities and colleges of higher education.


To solve downtown decline in small and medium local cities, The various policy about city environment maintenance such as alleyway revision, parking lot hold, commercial power activation was attempted. These methods were differentiated with other areas for community business and special quality of the area, and so, first of all, it is necessary to figure out category of business that is continuing steadily to maintain locality with this sense of place. Therefore, this study is aimed to promote revitalization to changes in social conditions in Seong-An Gil of Cheong-ju. There are recovery of old function specialized colthing, attract a wide range of industries through new features, improvement of width environment.


This paper reviews some of the factors that the user should consider when selecting an energy efficient lamp to replace their existing Quartz Halogen downlighter lamps. They should be prepared to accept lower light levels and a colour shift resulting in a change in the room appearance. The degree of this change can be minimised with the correct selection of replacement lamp.


Background: Aortic dissection is a devastating condition, beginning with a tear through from intima to the medial layer, leading to splitting of aortic layers and creating the false and true lumen with a septum (or flap). Little is known about the properties of the dissection flap. Aim: To determine the time-dependent (creep) biomechanical behaviour and biochemical properties of the dissection flap. Methods: 15 descending thoracic aorta samples were obtained from patients undergoing elective surgery for chronic dissected aneurysms. Creep was measured using a non-destructive ball indentation technique utilising a stainless-steel ball over 5 hours. Images were obtained using a long focal distance objective microscope. Remaining tissues were used to determine elastin and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels. Results: The elastic modulus (tissue stiffness) was 64.68 ± 11 kPa and 55.1 ± 9.5 kPa for the flap and true aortic wall respectively. Over 5 hours, the central deformation of the flap tissue was found to be 0.52 ± 0.07 mm as compared to 0.67 ± 0.07 mm for the true aortic wall (p < 0.05). Elastin levels were 126.8 ± 37.25 mg/mg for the flap and 79.82 ± 19.64 mg/mg for the true aortic wall (p < 0.05). The GAG levels were 4.2 mg/mg ± 0.9 mg/mg for the flap and 3.0 ± 0.5 mg/mg (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The dissection flap exhibits reduced time-dependent deformation and has higher levels of elastin and GAG relative to the aortic wall. These findings may help develop bespoke surgical treatments based on the unique biomechanical and biochemical properties that have been identified. © 2019 Association for Research into Arterial Structure and Physiology. Publishing services by Atlantis Press International B.V. This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).


Through analysis of the epidemic feature of forest diseases and pests in Jilin Province, the future control countermeasure was recommended.


Given that both classrooms and respective industry workforces are made up of heterogeneous groups of individuals, sport academics must make purposeful efforts to teach aspects of diversity. Film provides a valuable media form that can positively contribute to the teaching concepts of diversity. Educators may find that film implementation aids in facilitating student learning and knowledge retention. Film provides the opportunity for students to reflect upon relevant issues. This paper previews the potential of film as a scholarly resource for teaching diversity concepts in higher education sport academia, and provides insights and suggestions for effective implementation.