[Objective]The ageing and related risk factors which affected the mortality rate of diabetes mellitus in urban population were analyzed.According to the results,policies of aged people health promotion and diabetes prevention should be proved.[Methods]The changes of mortalities from 1986 to 2005 were analyzed and calculated to investigate the effects resulting from the ageing and related risk factors in Xuhui District,Shanghai.The trends of the risk factors effect proportions were estimated using exponential curves.[Results]Results showed that the proportion of people aged 65 upward in 2005 in Xuhui District approximately twice as high as that in 1986.The diabetes standardized mortality rate in female was higher than that in male with sex ratio of 1.65:1.Results also showed an annual uptrend of standard mortality rate both in male and female population within the 20years,where in male r=0.9180,F=32.17,P=0.0013,and in female r=0.8458,F=15.08,P=0.0081,modeling by liner regression model respectively.The mortalities increased 414.54%from 1986 to 2005,in which 68.49%were attributed to the ageing (male's was higher than female's)and 31.51%to risk factors,and also showed the yearly uptrend in proportion attributed to ageing in both sex,the correlation coefficient showed:male r=0.9202,F=27.64,P=0.0033,and female r=0.9523,F=48.67,P=0.0009,fitting by exponential model respectively.[Conclusion]The effects of ageing and related risk factors on mortality rate of diabetes mellitus should be different,and the ageing should be a factor more important than the related risk factors,especially in male.Meanwhile the effects proportion of risk factors on mortality rate showed to be a downtrend.


Nicos Poulantzas is dead. We always expected far more from him than we had any right to. But we were rarely disappointed. He showed us what a true Marxist intellectual might be. He knew that ideas and the struggles of the oppressed belonged together. We came to depend upon his new contributions to make us re-examine our world. Now there will be no more.


THE FEATURES OF CHAINLENGTH DISTRIBUTION OF RAYON-GRADE BEECH PULP By Hiroshi Asaoka (Tohoku Pulp Co. Ltd., Marunouchi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo; Engineering of Research Institute, Faculty of Engineering, Tokyo University, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan) 1. Chainlength distributions of four samples of rayon-grade beech pulp were compared with those of four samples of same-grade soft pulp. They were manufactured in labo ratory, domestic mills and foreign mills respectively. The conditions of sulfite digestion, refining and bleaching were believed to be different from each other. Chainlength distributions were determined at various occasions by the same person in our labo ratory. 2. Even if beech pulp has the degree of polymerization (d. p) equal to soft wood pulp, the spreads of higher d.p fractions were more narrow (See Fig. 1,2,3)and the shapes of chainlength distribution curves were not gently-sloping and had a sharp peak at higher d. p. region. (See Fig. 4) 3. These features are considered as resulted from the chainlength distribution of wood fibre in beech pulp. (See our former paper ; J. Chem. Soc. Japan, Ind. Chem. Section, 54, 670 (1951)) (Received 23. 1. 1957)


The model of GIS data integrative storage based on the model of Oracle Spatial object-relation is discussed,and the application on investigation of urban cadastre with material instances is interpretted.


Little comparative research has specifically used farmers' understandings of agricultural weeds and herbicides usage as important indicators of their environmental decision making and behaviours. This paper proposes that "organic' farmers", already attuned to environmental ideas, may be more likely to have favourable understandings and behaviours towards agricultural weeds as an integral part of environmentally sustainable agricultural farming systems than "conventional" farmers. Using a behavioural approach, the ways in which farmers' (situated in central-southern England) understandings influence their environmental behaviours were examined. Most "conventional" farmers' fields were kept relatively weed-free through herbicide usage. This contrasted with "organic" farmers having less concern about removal of weeds (with their associated invertebrates and seeds) which they understood contributes significantly towards biodiversity and agricultural sustainability. A remarkably high 92 per cent of "organic" farmers were critical of "conventional" farmers' using herbicides and pesticides, asserting that lack of pesticide and herbicide usage as core reasons for their sustainability. This contrasted with most "conventional" respondents who claim they used as few chemicals as practicable to minimise environmental damage to soil and water, while maintaining adequate crop levels. Nevertheless, such environmental understandings and behaviours may not always be indicative of any differences that may be found between those farmers commonly classified as "organic" and "conventional" in the UK as a whole.


This article analyzes the system of teacher training that functioned on the territory of modern Nizhny Novgorod region during the period of 1950–60s. The problem of teacher's training is discussedin this paper in three main aspects: secondary professional education and higher education, retraining and skills development, political education. There are analyzed the questions concerning structural subordination and relationships with the institutions that were not included in the system of teachers' training, but were relevant to its functioning.


Combined with the construction practice of Linhou Expressway,the paper discussed the better action of cement flyash spraying pile treating with soft subgrade.


After 800 years of foreign governance by Denmark, Germany, Sweden and Russia, Estonia proclaimed its independence in 1918. The Soviet occupation of 1940 and the subsequent war disrupted the development of civil society for 50 years (Kikas, 1999: 51). In August 1991, after a failed coup in the Kremlin, Estonia regained its independence. The new period of independence in the Baltic States has now lasted for 10 years, and during this short time, the ideology in the post-Soviet countries has changed substantially. The changes can be roughly characterized as a development from socialism to capitalism, from modernism to postmodernism, or from collectivism to individualism and to neo-liberalism.


Empowerment is an often used concept and the work of Paulo Freire has helped to define the application and outcomes of approaches. The researchers visited Kibera in Nairobi, Kenya, during periods of political activity which had previously resulted in violence. Community members identified strategies employed in an attempt to curtail heightened risk. These factors were analysed to evaluate whether empowerment, as espoused by Freire, was still relevant in community development work. Empowerment strategies were multi-faceted and highlighted that they had created new issues for the community to address, suggesting strategy and outcomes need to be strong considerations in future work.


Let an undirected graph G be given, along with a speciied depth-rst spanning tree T. We give almost-linear-time algorithms to solve the following two problems: First, for every vertex v, compute the number of descendants w of v for which some descendant of w is adjacent (in G) to v. Second, for every vertex v, compute the number of ancestors of v that are adjacent (in G) to at least one descendant of v. These problems arise in Cholesky and QR factorizations of sparse matrices. Our algorithms can be used to determine the number of nonzero entries in each row and column of the triangular factor of a matrix from the zero/nonzero structure of the matrix. Such a prediction makes storage allocation for sparse matrix factorizations more eecient. Our algorithms run in time linear in the size of the input times a slowly-growing inverse of Ackermann's function. The best previously known algorithms for these problems ran in time linear in the sum of the nonzero counts, which is usually much larger. We give experimental results demonstrating the practical eeciency of the new algorithms.


espanolEl articulo propone como lograr y mantener elevados los indicadores de EnglishThe article suggests how to achieve and maintain high indicators efficiency more than 600 centers studied tes, applying different alternativas, which convert to control democratic and participatory style of all the factors that have to do with the educational process at school.


The phrase 'compulsory screening' is used most frequently in the Australian context in the field of public health. A major instance of this kind of programme took place from 1949 to 1976 when all Australians were required to present themselves for a chest X-ray as part of a government-funded campaign to reduce the incidence of tuberculosis. This example is of particular significance for the present collection, not only because it literally involves the production and projection of images on screens, but also because the programme was generated in response to anxieties of a rise in this infectious disease resulting from Australia's post-war migration policy. Such health programmes have long included surveillance and segregation among their tools for managing disease. Alison Bashford has shown how, throughout the British Empire, 'hygiene lines' intersected and even dovetailed with 'other real boundaries of rule: national borders, immigration restriction lines, quarantine lines, racial cordons sanitaires and the segregative ambitions of a grafted eugenics and public health' (Bashford 2004: 1). As a result, the X-ray campaign involved screening in another sense, of partition, separating out those who posed a danger to the health of the population. The programme succeeded admirably, effecting major reductions in mortality and morbidity rates of tuberculosis, but Bashford rightly points out that, 'Nation-forming has found one of its primary languages in bio-medical discourse' due to the constitutive power of such border lines and the ready analogies between the physical body, the social body and the body politic (Bashford 2004: 4). As is well known, at its inauguration the nation of Australia was imagined as a white community. One of the first legislative actions of the new parliament was to pass an Immigration Restriction Act. Bashford's historical research shows the extent to which 'the new national borders of the island-nation [...] became a line of both quarantine inspection of people and goods, and a racialised immigration line' (Bashford 2004: 6). In this context, 'compulsory screening' emerges as a significant Australian political technology and as a phrase with abundant meanings, a metaphor that opens up the investigation of the intersections between immigration, national identities and borders, and screen culture. The idea for a study of Australian cinema by reference to the idea of borders emerged from a period of heightened xenophobia in Australian public life that first surfaced in the policies and pronouncements of Pauline Hanson


The basis information to the anatomy and topography of the heart and main mediastinum vessels in the prenatal period of human ontogenesis collected and summarized in this article. Revealed that complex data of this problem is absence at present time.


In this paper,using the analytical method of natural orthogonal function expansion,the time factor and spatial distribution of the energy field of seismicity in the Captial Circle and its surrounding area before strong earthquakes are studied.Our study shows that this method is effective in distinguishing the information of seismic anomalies before strong earthquakes.


Anomalous fading (AF) of luminescence signals has been studied extensively both experimentally and by simulations. This paper reports a new type of study of anomalous fading in grains of Durango apatite, a naturally occurring luminescent material that yields very intense anomalous fading. Grains of Durango apatite were ball milled (BM) for various durations, up to 48 h. Different ball milling durations resulted in different average grain size fractions as low as 200 nm, as it was indicated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) measurements. The anomalous fading effect was studied for optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), thermoluminescence (TL), as well as thermally-assisted OSL signals (TA – OSL). Anomalous fading was found to be ubiquitous for all luminescence signals, and for all apatite grain size fractions. The anomalous fading rate is weakly affected by the grain size for the cases of OSL and TL, while the TA – OSL signals were found to fade in a much slower rate than either the TL or the conventional OSL signals. An important experimental result is that the fading rate of TA – OSL decreases as the grain size fraction is decreased. For average grain size fractions between 200 and 450 nm, the TA – OSL signal is unaffected by the AF effect. A differential analysis on the TL glow curves showed that the AF rate decreases with increasing temperature along the glow curve, and also with increasing BM time. Finally, a component resolved de-convolution analysis was performed for both OSL and TA – OSL decay curves and recombination lifetimes are reported for both localized and delocalized components. FTIR analysis indicates that the ball milling procedure does not induce a new phase in this material.


We introduce a high performance programming model for large-scale molecular dynamics calculations on reconfigurable hardware. The programming model is based on a methodology to leverage legacy code and accelerate calculations running on reconfigurable supercomputers. We discuss the steps taken in the formulation of scalable, arbitrarily-sized, parallel 3-Dimensional FFT kernels implemented on networks of FPGAs. We achieve sustainable speedup and scaling by exchanging the concept of a network processing-based architecture with gatherscatter operations for a network of streams and accelerator kernels.


Photograph of workers at the Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary table inside of the Chautauqua Pavilion during the DFW Archives Bazaar at Dallas Heritage Village. There are books opened on the table and pictures of past owners and information on "Red Rot". The workers are Charles Huckaby, archivist assistant, Kathryn, Jill Botticelli, archivist, and Dr.Craig Kubic, the Dean of Libraries.


Different attitude control systems for large-scale morphing flight were developed based on active disturbance rejection control. For the introduced longitudinal parameter-dependent flight dynamics, an attitude control system was developed with a novel control strategy, virtual morphing control surface, put forward. The un-modeled dynamics and aerodynamic error were observed and compensated as a generalized disturbance. Case studies illustrated that the control system with virtual morphing control surfaces showed low requirements on the elevator deflection and shape changes. The results indicate that a novel and practical control system, integrating flight attitude control with shape control, is developed based on "virtual morphing control surface" strategy and active disturbance rejection control method, which can achieve autonomous, smart morphing similar to bird-like flight, and reduce the energy consumption of both the elevators and the morphing actuators.


Curriculum management not optimally conducted adversely affects tutors and education staff understanding because they feel the tasks carried out are still formal and routine in nature. Therefore, it is imperative to implement optimal educational innovation and curriculum management processes. There are four management areas used to structure the principles of curriculum, namely planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation. This research describes how the 2013 curriculum is managed at the Balangan Learning Activity Center (SKB) and the Jambu Air Balangan Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM). This is a case and descriptive research with data collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analyzed through collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusions. The results showed that the 2013 curriculum consists of the following, 1) Planning, namely holding a performance meeting at the beginning of the academic year covering activities for compiling the structure and content of the curriculum, such as time allocation, division of decision letters, preparation of educational calendars, learning tools and academic activities or programs. 2) Organization, namely distributing lesson schedules and activities or programs. 3) Implementation, which includes using a strategy to check the administrative readiness of tutors, the existence of deliberation or consultation regarding the implementation of learning in the teaching field. 4) evaluation by analyzing a) tutors administrative completeness, attendance, and activities, and b) learning residents, which include participating in assessments in the form of daily assignments and module exams.


Eddy‐correlation measurements of the wind stress and wave measurements were made during ASGAMAGE, an experiment carried out in 1996 at research platform Meetpost Noordwijk (MPN) in the southern North Sea. An analysis of the results confirms the predicted wave dependence of the Charnock parameter. As in HEXOS, an earlier experiment at the same platform, the corresponding values of the drag are higher than those found in the open ocean. We show that this is consistent with the existence of a waveage dependent Charnock parameter and the fact that, for given wind speed, on average, wave ages are lower at MPN than in the open ocean.


A new type of low-profile filter antenna with low H-plane cross polarization (cross-pol) and good suppression of sidebands is proposed using multifunction single slot and five shorting pins integrated into half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW). Initially, the TM1,3/2 mode, the TM1,5/2 mode, and the TM3,1/2 mode have been excited successively in the low H-plane cross-pol SIW. Then, in order to realize third-order half-mode radiation of the antenna, the five shorting pins and the key slot have been used to reallocate those modes above. In addition, the slot also introduces two transmission zeros at 4.94 and 6.12 GHz to improve the filtering characteristic and to suppress the sidebands of the antenna. Finally, the filtering antenna is designed at 5.16 GHz with 2.5% impedance bandwidth for WLAN wireless communication application. The attenuation for lower sideband is always below 30 dBi, while the corresponding bandwidth for upper sideband achieves high out-of-band suppression levels of 20 dBi is about 1.52 GHz. The cross polarization can reach below –30 dB; meanwhile, its gain in frequency band is 6.79 dBi above. In addition, the low-profile property has been obtained with the height of 0.0087 free-space wavelength.


The Swedish membership in the European Union has led to a closer connection to all other member nations. Big opportunities have arisen for Swedish organizations since the boarders have opened up an ...


This study examines the efficacy of the TPSACK courseware which was developed with artistic skills practice to discover the Technological, Pedagogical and Content Knowledge components in the design of the courseware. The courseware was developed based on Dick and Carey Instructional Design Model (2009) which addresses instruction as an entire system, focusing on the inter-relationship between context, content, learning and instruction. Respondents from 130 Art and Design Education (ADE) group were gathered to analyse the TPSACK courseware. The courseware is designed with artistic skills practice for Arts students aimed at developing their artistic skills using technological assistance. The artistic skills included in the courseware are vital for students in preparation of becoming future art educator. The TPSACK courseware was evaluated using questionnaire with 5 point Likert scale comprising elements of interface design, content, artistic skills practice and the usability of the courseware. Significant findings revealed that the courseware include satisfactory and appropriate practices of artistic skills for Art students to improve their personal skills. Not only that, the study also suggests that the Dick and Carey Instructional model (2009) may be an ideal model in providing an instructional framework for courseware development.


English: The aim of image-based video navigation is essentially to achieve a continuous change in the viewpoint without the need of a complete camera coverage of the space of interest. By making use of image interpolation, the need for video hardware can be reduced drastically by replacing them, in the desired viewpoints, with virtual video cameras. In this work, based on previously published approaches, an algorithm for time and space image interpolation is developed with a video application perspective, where human-eye image interpretation is taken as a priority over exact geometry construction of the image sequences.


Analysis of the Jan 15, 2022 eruption of the Hunga Tonga water volcano leads to the conclusion that it is the actual cause of the 2023 El Nino. The mechanism is that the settling out of its moisture on the way down efficiently flushes out much of the industrial SO2 aerosol pollution in the troposphere, cleansing the air, and causing temperatures to rise. Although a natural event, the continued removal of SO2 aerosols from our atmosphere by various activities will eventually have the same disastrous effect, which may already be beginning, according to a comparison of NASA/GMAO Chem maps of for Jan 1, 2020 versus Jan 1, 2023.


Southeastern U.S. recurrence relations are developed for the region and for various subregions (three geologic provinces; four seismic zones) from a combination of historical (1698–1977) and network (1978–1986) earthquake catalogs. The synthesis of these two data sets was accomplished by the application of MM intensity to mb(Lg) conversions in the form of discrete distributions to the historical catalog. Aftershocks were removed from the resulting catalog, it was tested for completeness, and then a maximum likelihood curve fitting technique for unequal periods of observation was employed. Tests were also made for different size magnitude intervals and different maximum and minimum magnitudes to assess the stability of the various data sets. The recurrence equations are as follows: Southeastern United States, log NI = (3.13 ± 0.08) − (0.84 ± 0.02) mb(Lg), n = 861; Valley and Ridge and Blue Ridge, log NI = (2.67 ± 0.08) − (0.82 ± 0.03) mb(Lg), n = 395; Piedmont, log NI = (2.16 ± 0.18) − (0.81 ± 0.05) mb(Lg), n = 191; Coastal Plain, log NI = (2.19 ± 0.16) − (0.78 ± 0.05) mb(Lg), n = 188; Giles County, Virginia, log NI = (0.94 ± 0.25) −' (0.64 ± 0.08) mb(Lg), n = 28; central Virginia, log NI = (1.06 ± 0.19) − (0.64 ± 0.06) mb(Lg), n = 94; eastern Tennessee, log NI = (2.75 ± 0.10) − (0.90 ± 0.04) mb(Lg), n = 239; Charleston, South Carolina, log NI = (1.65 ± 0.25) − (0.77 ± 0.08) mb(Lg), n = 84; where NI = number/yr in ±0.25 magnitude intervals and n is the number of earthquakes input to the completeness testing and after deletion of aftershocks. The regional recurrence relation is similar to those for the New Madrid area (log Nc = 3.43 − 0.88 mb) and the New England area (log Nc = 2.87 − 0.84 Mc). The primary purpose for the determination of recurrence relations for the various subregions is to gain understanding of their relative contributions to the earthquake frequencies for the region as a whole. A problem with this approach is that as smaller subsets of the catalog are considered, the precision of the log N versus m model results decreases. We see such an expected decrease, but invoke recurrence interval estimates from confidence interval (CI) bands, rather than simply point estimates, to assess the variability associated with our calculations. It is in the context of those interval estimates that we derive some insights into the relative contributions to the regional log N versus m. A principal result is that the region as a whole (minus the Charleston zone) has a much shorter recurrence interval (250–560) for a "Charleston earthquake" (mb(Lg) = 6.75) than does the host Charleston zone (940–14,000). The millennia recurrence estimates are in accord with paleoseismic estimates for the Charleston area. If the Charleston zone is the only zone in the region capable of an mb(Lg) = 6.75 shock, then the proper interevent time estimate from the seismicity data is that from the zone proper. If, however, the entire region outside of the Charleston area has a maximum earthquake potential at least as large as the Charleston shock, then the interevent estimate is 250–560 years.


This article discusses actions which would lead to the goal of social equity in the delivery of public works services. It deals with such subjects as the need to develop some consensus on the specific measures of need for public works programs, variations in equity concepts, social equity and public finance, and public works professional attitudes. A summary of legal activities in this area is included.


of the P.A.P. Government. The survey also shows however, that contrary to a common assumption, the proportion of Party members who are also members of trade unions has remained fairly constant at around one-quarter. Miss Pang sees the People's Action Party as being at once both typical and unique among the political parties of emerging nations. It is described as a party of mobilisation or integration, whose ideology has evolved in response to the changing political environment of the region. Whilst in opposition, the Party was identified as occupying the extreme left, as a revolutionary anti-colonial champion of the working class. But as the Government of Singapore, it has moved to perhaps, the right of centre and become pre-occupied with the responsibilities of nation-building in the interests of all classes. While 'socialism' remains the ideology of the P.A.P., it today means not so much a material aim as an ethic which informs the process of national economic construction. The Party's leaders now see themselves as architects of a new state and not principally as leaders of a political party. Indeed, the Party has tended to become simply a mechanism for producing economical election victories. In the de facto one-party state that is Singapore today, the P.A.P. has become, says Miss Pang, the "dominant non-dictatorial party" whose main problem is how to balance the authoritarianism necessary for survival and nation-building against the need to avoid creation of explosive pressures through prolonged repression. While some might dispute the "non-dictatorial" nature of the Party, this work is certainly among the most useful and informative studies yet published about the People's Action Party.


In this paper, we have designed MAC protocol with energy efficient relay selection algorithm. This relay node selection should minimise the energy consumption and MAC overhead, thereby increasing the lifetime of the networks. In this MAC protocol, relay nodes RN are selected based on the MAC overhead and relative energy usage REU parameters. The MAC overhead is incurred by handshake signalling, frame transmission time FTT and frame retransmissions due to transmission failures. The REU is the ratio of cost of generated and forwarded packets to the cost of generated packets. Thus the relay node selection algorithm is proposed based on the above parameters and the node with least MAC overhead and REU is selected as relay node.


It accounts for 3-4% of infants born at term or at least 20,000 babies per year in the United Kingdom . It is commoner in preterm babies and may be associated with both fetal and maternal anomalies. There has been intense debate about the safest mode of delivery for breech babies . Depending on the attitude of the fetus, breech presentation has been classified as: (a) Frank or Extended breech presentation when the fetal hips are flexed and the knees extended. It is also called 'pike'. This accounts for 5070% of breech presentations and is commoner in Primigravidae;


This paper picks prices for wheat,corn,soybean and rice and compares their changes for 2000—2011 at home and abroad to find out the reasons for international and domestic grain price changes.It is found that factors leading to rising international grain price are soaring biofuel production and changes in oil price,while the main reason for rising domestic grain price is the considerable difference between producer price and retail price.Science and technology help to stabilize grain price,government plays an important role in grain price control,and increasing agricultural productivity is the key to fighting rising grain price.


In addition to her reporting, she has found time to write several books about South East Asia, including So Close to Heaven: The Vanishing Buddhist Kingdoms of the Himalayas; The Great Hill Stations of Asia; India: Old Civilization in a New World; and India Facing the 21st Century. Currently, she is a travel essayist, a freelance writer on foreign policy and international affairs, and one of the Carnegie Council's treasured Trustees.


he legal winds are blowing and causing an interminal storm. Excessive legislation envelops. More legislation is somehow better, while a plea for less is largely ignored. While laws are billed as essential to the protection of the citizen against the state, they get under our collective skin and gnaw at our sinews. It is believed that the quality of life is at least, in part, based upon the quality of law. This belief seems somehow to make sense.


Abstract : The dispersal in time and sea of radioactive contamination produced by a deep underwater atomic blast was studied. Instrumentation methods obtained radiation intensity versus depth information for several surface locations and continuously monitored a sea-water intake line aboard ship. Surface contamination measurements were also made. This work was performed in conjunction with marine biological surveys by the University of Washington and oceanographic studies by the Naval Hydrographic Office. (Author)


This essay explores the problems of writing the life of Galileo during the first half-century after the trial. It potentially provides a more general object lesson in confronting the problems of writing about the life of a scientist who had his enemies as well as his friends and whose understanding of the natural world came into conflict with the most important institution of the day, the Roman Catholic Church. How did Galileo's early modern biographers describe his accomplishments? What did they highlight and what did they omit? What solutions did they devise for dealing with the most controversial aspects of his career? Although referring to Vincenzo Viviani's well-known Racconto istorico della vita del Signor Galileo Galilei, written and rewritten by his last, living disciple starting in 1654 and unpublished until 1717, the most famous and authoritative life of Galileo is not the focal point of my research. 2 Instead, this chapter concentrates on a far less celebrated but equally revealing episode to create an authorized Jesuit biography of Galileo in the 1670s. Examining earlier and later biographies of Galileo—and of course Viviani's own celebrated account—we see how immediate and successive generations of scholars understood the significance of writing about a man whose list of


Heart rate variability (HRV) is a clinical term for the fluctuation in heartbeat intervals influenced by the sympathetic and parasympathetic activity of the autonomic nervous system. The aim of this study is to investigate the significant difference between the Capacitive Electrocardiogram (cECG) and reference ECG (rECG) signals of the same subjects by comparing the corresponding HRV parameters extracted from the ECG signal, which is available in the UnoViS_clin2009 dataset containing 92 patients. The statistical tests are used for the evaluation of the results of both clinical signals. Nonparametric statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon rank sum test, was performed for both conditions to compare significant differences (p-value <0.05) between the two signals according to the variable's distribution. The purpose of this test is to determine whether the median of the two sets is different or not. The p-value for the features derived for the two groups of data is provided by this test. A low p-value (p<0.05) is desirable statistically. All significant difference was tested by this method since the HRV of cECG and rECG were compared with each other. None of the frequency domain parameters (LF Power, HF Power, or LF/HF Ratio) showed a statistically significant difference. However, in time domain and non-linear (SD1 and SD2) analysis, significant difference (p<0.05) was found.


This project has two components, firstly the development of a genetic exchange mechanism for methanogens and secondly an analysis of the expression and organization of the genome of these organisms by means of recombinant DNA technologies. During the current funding period considerable progress has been made in both areas. We have developed the equipment, media and procedures to grow a wide range of methanogens, on solid media, at rates acceptable for isolation and characterization of mutants. A defined medium is now available. Long-term storage and recovery procedures have been developed. The sensitivity of methanogens to a large number of novel antibiotics has been determined. Procedures have been found which produce protoplasts from methanogens and experiments have begun to obtain protoplast regeneration. Recombinant DNA experiments have demonstrated that DNA isolated from methanogens can be cloned into E. coli and will direct the synthesis of functional enzymes in E. coli. Hybridization experiments have shown the presence of repetitive DNA sequences in one methanogenic species. Sequencing of DNA from a methanogen is currently in progress.


With the development of Mobile Agent, the security of Mobile Agent systems becomes one of the important reasons that restrict mobile agent going further. It includes Mobile Agent security and host security. The mobile agent security is one of the most complicated and hard to deal with problems in mobile agent. Focusing on the entrusted executing environment of mobile agent now, using Trust Model of Mobile Agent based on Reputation Computing (TMMARC) to protect the executing environment of mobile agent is proposed. The paper describes the establishment, maintenance, update and management of trust relationships in TMMARC, reputation computing of mobile agent and simple application of TMMARC model in mobile agent.


In case of global pandemic corona virus disease 2019, clinical trials and research are assessing efficacy and safety for clinical patients for treating covid-19 as, it is evolving at unprecedented rate, by tracking clinical trials done and avoiding duplication efforts and phase2 clinical trials evaluate new therapeutics and by including investigational therapeutic effort on synthetic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for treating disease. Trials designed to elaborate test multiple different kind of monoclonal antibody treatment.


Background/Objective: Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), a similarity measure works in O(n2) complexity. Cause of this it will be used for small datasets only. Methods/Statistical Analysis: In this work, we introduced Efficient DTW (EDTW), which works in linear time. It uses two level approaches. In the first level data reduction is performed, and in the second level warping distance and path are calculated. Findings: While calculating the values of distance matrix, values along the warping path only considered and calculated. For time series of length n, maximum n values of distance matrix are calculated. So it works in linear time. Improvements/Applications: We applied this distance measure to UCR Time Series archive and calculated error rate of 1NN classification. Most of the cases it is matching, some cases it is better, and some other cases error rate is high.


In this paper, we present an experimental study of high field conduction phenomena in liquid argon and liquid nitrogen in a point-plane electrode geometry. These liquids behave qualitatively like saturated hydrocarbons except when they are studied close to their normal boiling point. The generation and dynamics of microscopic bubbles as a function of various parameters (nature of the liquid, injected energy and hydrostatic pressure) are presented and discussed. The possible influence of these phenomena on electrical insulation at cryogenic temperatures is also discussed.


Trawler fishermen's protective clothing has two outstanding requirements. The first, reflecting the day-to-day working conditions, is the need to prevent water penetrating to the inner clothing. On the fishing grounds work is continuous and a deckhand may spend up to seven hours in every twenty-four on the exposed deck in very wet, windy conditions. Air temperature as low as -10°C may be experienced in the Northern grounds. All outer garments worn at present permit more water entry than is desirable. The second requirement concerns the hazardous nature of this work: the garments should be to some degree buoyant. There is a constant danger of being swept overboard as work is carried out in very poor weather conditions on these unstable vessels with their low freeboard. Most garments currently worn are negatively buoyant, contributing an additional weight to be kept afloat by a man in the water. Development in this project has been directed to ensure that the outer garments themselves have a positive buoyancy sufficient to overcome the potential dead weight of clothing and boot assemblies worn. Of the small variety of protective clothing now available to British trawlermen, the smock is by far the more commonly used (Fig IA). This voluminous below-knee-length 'frock' is worn with thigh-length sea boots. Excessive water penetration occurs at the open cuffs and neck, it is very negatively buoyant, offers a high wind resistance, provides a poor fit and is cumbersome to work in. The design has remained unchanged for over fifty years, though the fabric now used is a high frequency welded polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coated cotton. This is an unsupple fabric and tends to crack at low temperatures. Its useful life under these conditions is approximately six months. However, the garment is cheap to buy, simple to use and the fabric is wind and water proof. A more recently available garment, the duck suit (Fig IB) has a considerably improved performance. As a two-piece outfit ofjacket and bib and brace trousers it requires only the lighter calflength sea boot (less negatively buoyant). It allows a closer fit and correspondingly lower wind resistance. The absence of waist restriction, as with the smock, ensures an adequate air turnover for sweat evaporation. Moreover, as a two-piece assembly, the high bib trousers can be worn independently of the jacket during the summer months. The PVC-coated fabric used is still prone to cold crack and the open sleeve and trouser cuffs and neck still admit water. A closed cell foam neoprene rubber suit (Fig ic) has also become available at some ports. A development from the watersports wetsuit, this one-piece suit is closely fitted over trousers and shirt, closing by a zip from crutch to neck. Its high initial cost (with sea boots it is three times as expensive as smock or duck suit with boots) is offset partly by its greater durability but largely by the very positively buoyant fabric. However, it is


Rf drift pumping in Phaedrus-B is investigated by numerical simulation of ion orbits. The magnetic field is computed using the paraxial approximation; a simple model is used to approximate the oscillating electric and magnetic fields due to the antennae. Axial and radial ambipolar potential gradients are included in the model. We find that the principal pumping mechanism is the E-tilde x B drift motion. The pumping rate increases as the amplitude of the rf fields is increased. Both the bounce and the azimuthal drift resonances contribute to the pumping rate; the azimuthal drift resonance is the dominant effect, particularly at low ion energies. The computed pumping rate compares favorably with the charge exchange rate for rf fields near the limit of that achievable experimentally.


The results of study have been presented in the paper for effect of feed additive at the base of humic acids on quail health status and growth rate. Veterinary and sanitary evaluation has been given for quail meat quality. The experiment revealed the additive positive effect on quail growth rate. Quail meat sensory and physical chemical properties met regulations requirements.


Abstract: Incubation of synaptosomes together with 1‐acyl‐2‐[14C]arachi‐donoyl‐sn‐glycerophosphoinositols (GPI) and sodium deoxycholate yielded diacylglycerols and free arachidonic acid. Diacylglycerol formation is attributed to hydrolysis by the diacyl‐GPI‐specific phospholipase C (EC 22.214.171.124), and this reaction requires sodium deoxycholate for optimal activity. The free arachidonic acid formed is attributed to hydrolysis of diacyl‐GPI by phospholipase A (EC 220.127.116.11). Free fatty acid release was observed during incubation, even in the absence of bile salts, but this process was preferentially stimulated by sodium taurocholate. The release of fatty acids was not specific for diacyl‐GPI, as similar release was obtained during incubation with other phosphoglycerides. In the presence of deoxycholate (2 mg/ml), the release of diacylglycerols was maximal at a diacyl‐GPI concentration around 1.0 mM. However, the free fatty acid release was linear with respect to the substrate at least up to 1.4 mM. The rate of diacylglycerol release from diacyl‐GPI was more rapid in the initial 30 min, whereas the free fatty acid release was linear with time up to 2 h. Under this incubation condition, calcium was found to stimulate both types of hydrolytic action, although the concentration needed to achieve this stimulation was rather high. This type of labeled precursor is potentially useful for studies of the different modes of diacyl‐GPI degradation by enzymes in brain subcellular membranes.


The article is an attempt to reconstruct the binary system of higher education in the Federal Republic
of Germany. Referring to Humboldt's idea of university I try to reconstruct the shape and the challenges
of contemporary university. I also try to answer the question whether the vocational school (Fachhochschule)
and universities in Germany coexist or compete against each other. The article is also an attempt to find
the answer if Polish schools of higher education prepare students for future jobs. At the same time, having
in mind the Humboldt's idea, I try to answer the question whether there is a clear distinction between
vocational training and university education. Many reports (e.g. UNDP, OECD) indicate that Polish schools do
not prepare students for the future occupation. Recalling German exemplifications I try sketch out the possible
scenario of development of Polish higher education system including the division between vocational training
and university education.


Information on the position of A, B, and C bands of Pb 2+ in 10 different fluoride compounds was collected. Environmental factors he of the fluorides were calculated based on the dielectric theory of chemical bond for complex crystals. The relationships between the A, B, and C band energies of Ph 2+ and he were investigated. Three linear formulas were proposed. They allowed us to predict and assign the A, B, and C band energies of Pb 2+ -doped compounds and were also useful for identifying different Pb 2+ -occupied lattice sites. The model predicted that the positions of B and C bands for LiCaAlF 6 :Pb 2+ are 162.9 and 150.9 nm, respectively. In BaY 2 F 8 :Pb 2+ , the excitation spectrum of Pb 2+ from two different cation sites was identified: the higher energy bands of A, B, and C from the site of Y 3+ and the lower ones from the site of Ba 2+ . For KMgF 3 :Pb 2+ , the absorption band at 187 nm from the site of K + , not Mg 2+ , was confirmed; moreover, the band at 218 nm was assigned to the A band of Ph 2+ in the Mg 2+ site. In addition, the origin of the B and C bands for BaY 2 F 8 :Pb 2+ and LiBaF 3 :pb 2+ is discussed and reassigned.


ECOLOGICAL NETWORKSThe National Science Foundation received a welcome endorsement last week for its ambitious plan to create a network of ecological observatories around the United States. But the endorsement came with important qualifications.


Clackamas Community College (CCC) became the first Oregon community college to contract with Barnes & Noble Education (BNED) for bookstore services in July 2018. The college-run bookstore's contribution to the general fund was shrinking with each budget cycle, whereas BNED guaranteed a minimum annual commission of $200,000. This article describes the steps CCC librarians took to influence the contract after discovering objectionable language including, but not limited to, faculty use of Open Educational Resources (OER) and linking to OER in the learning management system (LMS). The librarians' advocacy has shed light on the need to ask fundamental questions about the purpose of a college bookstore, especially at a community college with an equity- and access-driven mission. Is a bookstore a core student service or a profit-generating enterprise?

After a deep read of BNED's service proposal and sample contract, librarians identified campus partners, raised specific questions at meetings, met with administration, and sought guidance from the OER community to inform an advocacy strategy. Beyond the contract, this exploratory process uncovered a long list of questions worth asking, as well as details about BNED's OER products and services. BNED offers OER-based products on a proprietary courseware platform that comes at a cost to students. In the absence of a faculty-driven OER program, BNED is now the primary OER mouthpiece and infrastructure on campus. What might that mean for the future of OER at an institution? This article intends to support colleagues who find themselves in a similar situation; a likely scenario, given that the contract includes language indicating other Oregon colleges may re-use it without a request for proposals.


Non-rigid image registration of large 3D volumes depends heavily on image size. Voxel-based approaches for registration of large data sets are computationally intensive and take a lot of processing time, usually exponentially proportional to their resolution. In this paper, we present a method for non-rigid image registration that is independent of the image size. It can be applied to large data sets without sacrificing performance. The method is based on computing a thin plate spline (TPS) transformation between corresponding control points derived from a rapid and highly accurate model-based segmentation. The segmentation process does not depend on the image size and defines accurate point-based correspondence. Those properties were used to estimate an approximating TPS between a source and a target volumes and to deform the target to align with the source. The method was applied to image sequences of pediatric 3D ultrasound data. Registration of 3D ultrasound images is challenging because of poor-defined image gradients, artifacts, low contrast, noise and speckle. Quantitative and qualitative results indicate that the method is capable of registering large volumes acquired throughout the cardiac cycle from both intra- and inter-patient ultra- sound sequences. More importantly, the actual registration does not depend on image intensity and can be applied to multi-modal applications.


We report the first measurements on the electron energy dependence of the total cross section for stable anion formation within a solid lattice. Resonant attachment of electrons to CF{sub 3}Cl isolated within a multilayer Kr film produces CF{sub 3}Cl {sup -} and Cl{sup -} with a maximum cross section of 1.1{times}10{sup -16} cm{sup 2} at {approximately}0.7 eV , which is greater than that for the same process at the Kr surface and in the gas by a factor of 25 and 64, respectively. These enhancements are primarily due to the effects of induced polarization on the transient CF{sub 3}Cl {sup -} ion. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}


Relevance. The currently available methods for measuring anatomical areas with irregular relief do not claim to be accurate and easy to use.The aim of the study was to develop a method for measuring the surface area of an anatomical region (substructure) with an irregular relief.Material and methods. There was developed an option to measure the surface area of an anatomical region (substructure) with a complex relief in patients with pathology of the maxillofacial region and perineum using realistic 3D modeling.Results. The principle of the developed method is that, firstly, it is necessary to determine the patient's "zone of interest", where it is planned to measure the surface area; after that, digital photographs of the defined area are taken to obtain a sufficient number of images from the maximum number of available angles using a template with predefined dimensions for scaling. Then the obtained photographs are processed in the program for the 3D model reconstruction, and a realistic 3D model that correctly repeats the relief of the "zone of interest" and guarantees measurements of the surface area taking into account all its individual features is obtained. The method has been tested in obstetrics and gynecology, dentistry, maxillofacial surgery.Conclusion. This technique has been proved to be simple, accessible, fast, highly accurate in measuring the area of anatomical regions with complex relief. At the same time, the investigated object does not need fixation and prolonged immobility. A digital optical device is used contactless, the fact being significant in situations where it is necessary to comply with the rules of asepsis and antisepsis.


tween arguments on various issues, it is not always easy to see these connections. The effect of isolating these various questions from one another is to make this work feel more like an encyclopedia and less like a history. Especially problematic is that, in the chosen format, the chronological development of the field is almost impossible to discern. Indeed, one effect of reading this history is to make one desire a chronological story, perhaps in three stages: 1) a period from ffumanae Etaeto the 80s, taken up with interconnected epistemological issues about norms, authority and autonomy all directly related to the encyclical and all argued by clerical males trained in the manual tradition; 2) a period of transition from the 80s to Eritatis Splendor, when moral theologians trained in virtue ethics, feminism, biblical studies and Protestant ethics, changed the terms of the debate; and 3) a final period in the wake of Vertatis splmdor, where the controversies of the first period virtually disappeared in favor of what is still a wide pluralism of approaches. Odozor 's conclusions about the consensus and the future direction of the field that moral theology is based on the scriptural narrative of Gods revelation and that "the crisis of pre-Vatican II moral theology results precisely from its failure to remain attached to its Christian roots" (p. 302) are to be welcomed. Given the strength of his conclusion, he might have more effectively organized some of the earlier material, especially indicating how certain questions of the postconciliar period were not fruitful precisely because they failed to recognize these Christian roots. But those in the field should be grateful for Odozor for providing a book that will serve as a constant reference for years to come. CI Cyril ORegan Gnostic Return in Modernify (Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, ZOOl), x + 311 pp. Gnostic Apocalpse: jacob Boehmek ffaunted Narrafioe-(Albany, New York State University of New York Press, 2002), x + 300 pp.


The research goal was to evaluate the effect of the combined application of mineral fertilizers and biological products based on the rhizosphere nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhiza on maize productivity and nutritional value. The studies were conducted in 2013-2014 on the experimental field of the Altai State Agricultural University on chernozem medium humus soil. The research years differed significantly in terms of moisture water and heat availability; the growing period of 2014 was more favorable. The experiment included non-fertilized background and two fertilizer backgrounds R 60K 60 and N 30R 60K 60. The effect of mono-products Rizoagrin, Bioplant-K and Mikoriza and binary mixtures of Rizoagrin and Bioplant with mycorrhiza was studied against those backgrounds. The variant with N 60P 60K 60 was studied separately. It has been found that maize cultivation for silage in the steppe area of the Altai Region is most promising when applying microbial products based on associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Bioplant-K, Rizoagrin) and mycorrhiza. The application of binary mixtures of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and mycorrhiza is particularly effective. The efficiency of the products increases when used combined with mineral fertilizers. The mineral fertilizer N 30P 60K 60 background was the most optimal from the studied backgrounds; it ensured productive functioning of nitrogen fixation system. The maize herbage yield against that background exceeded the control by 40.4-92.4%, while the herbage yield against non-fertilized background exceeded by 7.9-27.0% only and it was higher than the yield in the variant with N 60P 60K 60. The maximum maize yield in both years of the research was obtained when the seeds were inoculated with a binary mixture of Bioplant + Mikoriza against the background of N 30P 60K 60. The two-year average dry matter yield in that variant made 5.95 t ha exceeding the control by 138%. The application of that mixture of products maximized the protein content and its recovery with the harvest, and reduced the fiber content and improved forage digestibility.


Introduction : DLBCL is a heterogeneous disease with increasingly complex treatment selection. Prior studies demonstrated improved outcomes of hematologic malignancies managed in academic centers and based on socioeconomic factors. We aimed to compare OS of patients with DLBCL based on the type of treatment facility and other factors. Methods: This retrospective study utilized the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to identify patients with DLBCL diagnosed between 1998 and 2012. Health care facilities were categorized as either academic (academic/research program) or non-academic (comprehensive community cancer program, community cancer program, and other programs). Patients with complete data for sex, age, race, education, income, distance traveled for health care, hospital type, facility location, urban/rural, insurance, Charlson co-morbidity score, chemotherapy use, time from diagnosis to treatment initiation, use of hematopoietic stem cell transplant, last contact, and vital status were included. OS of patients who received first course treatment at academic centers, was compared to those treated at non-academic centers. Kaplan Meier curves for OS were compared using log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard model was performed to identify determinants of OS. Results: Of 264,697 patients with DLBCL, 33% were treated at academic centers. Patients treated at academic centers differed from non-academic centers in mean age (65 vs. 68 years; p $63,000, p Conclusion : Our study demonstrated differences in the characteristics of patients with DLBCL based on the facility type. Academic centers were more likely to treat patients who were younger, females, of ethnic minorities, with less education, higher income levels, private insurance, less comorbidities and higher stage disease. The receipt of frontline therapy at academic centers was associated with increased OS in patients with DLBCL. Some of the possible reasons for this difference may include provider experience, increased access to resources and clinical trials. Our study also demonstrated cancer health disparities based on other socioeconomic factors such as gender, race, income and insurance status. Further investigations into the factors contributing to such disparities should be a research priority to help standardize care and improve outcomes. Disclosures Armitage: Conatus - IDMC: Consultancy; Roche: Consultancy; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; GlaxoSmithKline IDMC: Consultancy; ZiopharmOncology: Consultancy; Tesaro bio Inc: Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees.


Cutaneous wounds heal with two possible outcomes: scarification or near‐perfect integumentary restoration. Whereas scar formation has been intensively investigated, less is known about the tissue‐level events characterising wounds that spontaneously heal scar‐free, particularly in non‐foetal amniotes. Here, a spatiotemporal investigation of scar‐free cutaneous wound healing following full‐thickness excisional biopsies to the tail and body of leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) is provided. All injuries healed without scarring. Cutaneous repair involves the development of a cell‐rich aggregate within the wound bed, similar to scarring wounds. Unlike scar formation, scar‐free healing involves a more rapid closure of the wound epithelium, and a delay in blood vessel development and collagen deposition within the wound bed. It was found that, while granulation tissue of scarring wounds is hypervascular, scar‐free wound healing conspicuously does not involve a period of exuberant blood vessel formation. In addition, during scar‐free wound healing the newly formed blood vessels are typically perivascular cell‐supported. Immunohistochemistry revealed widespread expression of both the pro‐angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor A and the anti‐angiogenic factor thrombospondin‐1 within the healing wound. It was found that scar‐free wound healing is an intrinsic property of leopard gecko integument, and involves a modulation of the cutaneous scar repair program. This proportional revascularisation is an important factor in scar‐free wound healing.


In France, the Spiral 2 project dedicated to radioactive beam production is based on a 40MeV continuous wave (cw) deuteron Linac. This installation will allow extending the variety of accelerated particles to very heavy elements. Such beams will open research domains for the GANIL facility. To inject the requested 5mA deuteron beam into the Spiral 2 Linac, the performance of the high intensity light ion source (SILHI) allowed us to propose such an electron cyclotron resonance source. SILHI, developed at CEA/Saclay, regularly produces high intensity (over 100mA) proton or deuteron beams through a Φ 9mm aperture. So for this project, the main modifications of the source design concern the permanent magnets which provide the axial magnetic configuration and the Φ 3mm aperture. The source produced its first beam (proton) in 2004. This article will report the beam characterization while the source produced D+ beam with intensity as high as 7.0mA. Recently, this permanent magnet source has been equipped with th...


by combining several of these proteins were found to be associated with fewer reactions and were efficacious. Acellular vaccines soon replaced whole cell vaccines in many countries, but because of reduced cost and proven efficacy, whole cell vaccines are still used in most developing countries. There has been a recent increase in reported pertussis cases observed in many countries using the acellular vaccines, especially in young adolescents between 7 to 14 years of age. The reasons for this increase are complex and multifactorial and include greater intensity of surveillance, improved method to diagnose pertussis, changes in the biologic characteristics of the Bordetella pertussis organisms, and the types and schedules of pertussis vaccines used for routine vaccination. Current acellular vaccines have been shown to be efficacious in the short term, but in actual use are failing to be effective in controlling pertussis in the long term. Recent data suggest that the acellular vaccines are associated with more rapid waning of immunity, and that priming with whole cell pertussis vaccine is more effective than acellular vaccine in preventing disease. There is a clear need to better understand the differences in the immune responses induced by acellular and whole cell vaccines after both the primary and booster series. Nonhuman primate models are shedding light on the differences in the prevention of disease and transmission with acellular and whole cell vaccines and on the differences in immune responses to both vaccine types. Strategies to improve the current acellular vaccines include; reintroduction of whole cell vaccines into the vaccine series, the addition of new antigens to the currently available acellular vaccines, the use of adjuvants to enhance specific immune responses, and the utility of a new live attenuated intranasal pertussis vaccine


This study presents experimental work including an investigation conducted on five simply supported reinforced concrete beams under pure torsion. First beam without strengthening as a control beam. ...


O n July 23, 1992, New York City Mayor Dinkins announced that seven thousand Direct Recording Electronic (DRE) voting machines would be purchased from Sequoia Pacific, pend ing the outcome of public hearings. This runs counter to the advice of the N.Y. Bar Association, independen t groups of concerned scientists and citizens (such as Election Watch, CPSR and NYPIRG), and SRI Internat ional (a consultant to N.Y.C., and the system evaluators), all o f whom have indicated that the equipment is not yet fit for use. ISSIDE RISKS


A PROJECT BEING SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT
OF THE "REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE
OF MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION.
DEPARTMENT: BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
FACULTY: ADMINISTRATION
AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARlA.
199U.


This paper presents a prototype video system to monitor and manage High Occupancy Vehicle lanes near San Diego, CA. The objective of the study was to develop a system using off the shelf hardware, and to use software and/or compuer systems based on Open Systems concepts (OSF). This paper discusses the overall structure of the video system, and then discusses how various hardware and software modules were selected and integrated into the system. Finally, it discusses how the Open Systems concepts aided and simplified the implementation of the system and the need for standardized interfaces and development methodology.


Background Frailty is common in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and is associated with poor outcomes. We investigated the relation between frailty and treatments, hospitalisation and death in patients with CHF. Methods Frailty was assessed using the clinical frailty scale (CFS) in 467 consecutive patients with CHF (67% male, median (IQR) age 76 (69-82) years, median (IQR) NT-proBNP 1156 (469-2463) ng/L) attending a routine follow-up visit. Those with CFS>4 were classified as frail. We studied the primary cause of death and hospitalisations, ascertained from electronic records, autopsy reports and death certificates, within 1 year of enrolment. Results 206 patients (44%) were frail. Frail patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) were less likely to receive optimal treatment, with many not receiving an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (frail: 25% vs non-frail: 4%), a beta-blocker (16% vs 8%) or a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (50% vs 41%). After 1 year, there were 56 deaths and 322 hospitalisations, 46 (82%) and 215 (67%) of which, respectively, occurred in frail patients. 43% of deaths in frail patients were due to non-cardiovascular causes (non-frail: 50%), commonly infections (60%). 58% of cardiovascular deaths in frail patients were due to HF progression (non-frail:100%). (Figure 1) 64% of hospitalisations in frail patients were due to non-cardiovascular causes (non-frail: 57%), commonly infections (34%) and falls (30%). 59% of cardiovascular hospitalisations in frail patients were due to decompensated HF (non-frail: 63%). (Figure 2) Conclusion Frailty in patients with CHF is associated with sub-optimal medical treatment for HFrEF and a high rate of non-cardiovascular events, suggesting that interventions not directed to treating CHF might be appropriate. Conflict of Interest None


Currently, NGII(National Geographic Information Institute) provides VRS(Virtual Reference System) service using 44 CORS(Continuously Operating Reference Stations). Since the VRS provides high-precision coordinate in a short time, the users and applications are expected to be rapidly increasing. The accuracy analysis on the VRS service, however, was not sufficiently performed yet. Therefore, in this study, the VRS data is acquired from various circumstances and its accuracy is analyzed. According to analysis, it was concluded that the VRS could be applied to public control point survey. Furthermore, it was found that the PQ(Position Quality) which represents variance of estimated coordinates rather than GDOP(Geometric Dilution of Precision) is more relevant as a factor to determine the accuracy of coordinates. Based on the analysis of data from four manufacturers (TRIMBLE, MAGELLAN, LECIA, TOPCON), it was confirmed that the standard deviations better than 3cm. Therefore, VRS Survey apply to public control point survey.


Cloud computing has emerged as one of the most influential paradigms in the IT industry. In this, new computing technology requires users to entrust their valuable data to cloud providers, there have been increasing security and privacy concerns on outsourced data. Several schemes employing attribute-based encryption (ABE) have been proposed for access control of outsourced data in cloud computing. The most of them suffer from inflexibility in implementing complex access control policies. In this paper, allowing cloud service providers (CSPs), which are not in the same trusted domains as enterprise users, to take care of confidential data, may raise potential security and privacy issues. To keep the sensitive user data confidential against untrusted CSPs, Natural way is to apply cryptographic approaches, by disclosing Decryption keys only to authorized users. But also provide high performance, full delegation, and scalability, so as to best serve the needs of accessing data anytime and anywhere, delegating within enterprises, and achieving a dynamic set of users.HASBE employs multiple value assignments for access expiration time to deal with user revocation more efficiently than existing schemes. It can be provide fine-grained access control and full delegation. Based on the HASBE model, Finally, we propose a scalable revocation scheme by delegating to the CSP most of the computing tasks in revocation, to achieve a dynamic set of users efficiently. Keyword: To achieve scalability, flexibility, fine grained access control using service delegation simultaneously.


Rural women in general, and mountain women in particular, are greatly involved in managing household energy systems in Nepal. Alternative energy technologies have a high potential to reduce women's workloads and improve their health status, as well as increasing efficient energy supply. Interventions in rural energy are primarily aimed at reducing firewood use and increasing economic growth through rural electrification, rather than aiming to reduce human drudgery, especially that of women. Hence, such intervention takes place without considering the needs, roles, interests, and potential of rural women, even though women are the primary users and managers of rural energy resources. This article aims to analyse the gender implications of rural energy technologies in Kavre district, where the Rural Energy Development Program (REDP) has been implemented, especially in terms of saving women's labour and increasing socio-economic opportunities for women.


As stated by Foster, Wallin, and Ogden (2011): « Quality has always been one of the most important performance criteria, even with a conventional purchasing strategy ». In a cumulative capabilities logic, the improvement of quality in all supply chain processes enhances resource utilization, process efficiency and overall profitability (Wang, Du, and Li 2004). The recent Toyota recall of 1 million vehicles is the last illustration of resounding – and costly – recalls due to supply chain quality problems, in automotive, pharmaceutical or food industries; according to analysts and the firms themselves, the bill for such recalls can reach billions, due to their impact on turnover, firm reputation and stock exchange prices. Integration between quality management and supply chain management is two-way:


A new method for the design of tall and super-tall buildings is presented in this paper. The method is based on transforming the stiffness properties of the building to equivalent beam properties. The equivalent beam is allowed to deform both in bending and shear to capture the true behavior of the building. The method is a stiffness based approach that later requires checks for strength. This is quite appropriate since the design of tall and super-tall buildings is governed by stiffness and not by strength. Knowing the load and assuming a desired shape of the beam, the required shear and bending rigidities of the beam can be calculated. The method is robust and easy to apply, and is particularly suited for space truss systems. The simplicity and efficiency of the method are illustrated with an example.


The involvement of bilateral and multilateral agencies in the recovery and reconstruction program following major natural disasters has helped developing countries undertake long-term disaster mitigation and preparedness. However, capability-building in disaster management requires strategic planning, political support, and a significant infusion of technology. After the Latur earthquake in 1993, the state of Maharashtra, India undertook an important initiative for the preparation and implementation of a disaster management plan for the state and all the districts, with the support of the World Bank, Department for International Development, United Kingdom, and the United Nations Development Program. A number of activities, which included state and district disaster management plans, a communications network, control rooms, and development of a geographic information system, contributed to the evolution of an ambitious program over a period of three years, from 1996 to 1999. These initiatives hold important lessons for disaster risk reduction in developing countries. While international agencies can assist developing countries in building disaster preparedness and mitigation programs, continuous institutional and financial support and human resource development within these countries are critical for effective disaster risk reduction.


On behalf of the co-authors, we are submitting the revised manuscript entitled "Social-Economic Analysis of Patients with Sjogren's Syndrome Dry Eye in East China" for consideration as a publication in BMC Ophthalmology. We sincerely appreciate the positive and constructive comments and suggestions from the editor and reviewers on our manuscript. We make substantial revisions in our manuscript according to the comments. We hope that the revisions make the manuscript better and meet the requirement of publication in BMC Ophthalmology.


Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) harbors immune cells and locally regulates atherosclerosis. The B1a cells present in PVAT secrete IgM in young mice. This IgM has been shown to confer atheroprotection by binding to ox-LDL and other oxidation specific epitopes (OSEs). The impact of aging on B1a-B cells in PVAT, the PVAT B-1a cell IgM repertoire and how aged B-1a cells affect atherosclerosis has not been explored. We sequenced the V-D-J gene segments of IgM in aged B-1a cells from hyperlipemic mice with atherosclerosis. Results demonstrated greater N-additions as well as changes in the usage of the VDJ gene regions in PVAT B1a cells when compared to the B1a cells residing in peritoneal cavity: the primary niche of B1a cells where they self-renew. Further, our previous results have shown similar changes in IgM repertoire in secondary antibody producing sites like spleen and bone marrow. ELISA demonstrated that these changes in IgM repertoire during aging reflect in the systemic IgM pool. The ratio of atheroprotective IgM (IgM to OSEs) to total IgM was significantly decreased with age when 10-, 50- and 100-week-old ApoE−/− mice plasma IgM levels were compared. Further, when B1a cells from young and aged CD45.2 Apoe−/− mice were adoptively transferred to PCSK9 injected CD45.1 STEM mice, those that received B1a from young mice had lower atherosclerosis compared to those that received B1a cells from aged mice. With these results we conclude that with age B1a derived IgM repertoire substantially changes to be less atheroprotective.
 "Supported by grants from NIH (RO1 HL107490 and RO1 HL136098 (CM); Ro1AI154539 (NH)); and AHA (award number 18CDA34110392 (PS))."


The author considers the stages of interaction between society and nature, which changes the direction of the dominant influence; shows vsrious orientation of the relationship between natural system and culture of society, between education, environmental consciousness and ecological culture


The objective of this project was to design a monitoring system capable of detecting and quantifying tritium in-situ in ground and surface waters, and in water from effluent lines prior to discharge into public waterways. The design work was successfully completed with the predicted capability to detect tritium levels below 20 nanocuries per liter. The designed system was based on the detection of the low energy beta radiation from the radioactive decay of tritium using a special form of scintillating optical fiber directly in contact with the water to be measured. To support the design, laboratory tests were performed in several areas. Different types of scintillating fiber were tested to determine which would provide optimum system performance. The fibers contained a fluor material in a special cladding configuration which optimizes the absorption of beta radiation. The tritium detection system consists of an immersible sensor module containing the optical fiber and detection electronics as well as signal processing electronics. An umbilical cable is used to interconnect the components. The system design goals included optional permanent installation for routine water monitoring in wells, process and effluent lines or as a potential portable survey tool which could be moved from one location to another. Not all the design goals were met due to the large physical size of the immersible sensor module. Discussed in this paper are the design details of the in-situ tritium beta detector, the tests performed, and results obtained. The work was supported by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) contract number DE-AC21-96MC33128.


After funding was cut by the Department of Energy, officials last month planned to close the Savannah River Ecology Lab on 31 May ( Science , 18 May, p. [969][1]). Now, the University of Georgia has given the lab a 1-month reprieve, although it hasn't told Director Paul Bertsch whether its financial


As consumers are increasingly presented with a plethora of products to choose from, product stories have emerged as a vital marketing tool for capturing their attention and encouraging purchasing decisions. Drawing upon consumer perception theory, narrative transportation theory, and involvement theory, this study examines the impact of three narrative types of product stories - authenticity, conciseness, and humor - on consumers' purchase intentions, while considering the moderating roles of product involvement and purchase decision involvement. Based on the findings of this study, we provide recommendations for corporate marketers to enhance their marketing strategies.


Introduction: vaginal infection is a disease with a high incidence, it is ONE of the most frequent complications associated with pregnancy, it is a common infection of the lower genital tract in women that, if not treated in a timely manner, can have consequences for the health of the mother and her product.  Objectives: to characterize the behavior of vaginal infection in pregnant women of the William Soler popular council of 2017-2018.  Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on the behavior of vaginal infection in pregnant women of the William Soler Council of the Polyclinic March 13, in the period 2017 - 2018. The universe consisted of 203 pregnant women diagnosed with vaginal sepsis and the representative sample by 127. The data was collected through a questionnaire and processed through a database created in Excel using the professional statistical packages SPSS 22.0 for Windows, the simple counting method was used, the data were reflected in absolute numbers and percentage. Results: the vaginal infection prevailed in the pregnant women of secondary and pre-university level, fundamentally in the minors of 19 years, followed of those of 20-25 years of age, the most frequent causative agents was the monilia, prevailed in a 61, 4% an adequate cleaning technique, the highest number of diagnoses was in the first and third trimester and the complications arisen were few among them neonatal sepsis with 8.6%, puerperal sepsis 7.8%. Conclusions: vaginal infection in pregnancy is more frequent in children under 25 with secondary and pre-university level. The most frequent cause is moniliasis, the proper cleaning technique prevailed, the diagnosis of vaginal infection is more frequent in the I and III trimester of pregnancy. There were few complications with predominance of neonatal and puerperal sepsis.


During the 50 years of its existence, Kostroma art-graphic faculty gave start in life to a lot of talented people. Successful upbringing of creative-minded people to a large extent determines the cultural level of the region.


We present exact results on the thermal conductivity of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 XXZ model in the massive antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic regimes. The thermal Drude weight is calculated by a lattice path integral formulation. Numerical results for wide ranges of temperature and anisotropy as well as analytical results in the low and high temperature limits are presented. At finite temperature, the thermal Drude weight is finite and hence there is non-dissipative thermal transport even in the massive regime. At low temperature, the thermal Drude weight behaves as $D(T)\sim \exp(-\delta/T)/\sqrt{T}$ where $\delta$ is the one-spinon (respectively one-magnon) excitation energy for the antiferromagnetic (respectively ferromagnetic) regime.


The present work presents a critical discussion on the notion of individual autonomy as a spring to think about the situation of justice and the quality of life of those who suffer what is now known as severe mental disabilities. It assumes that issues such as social participation, human rights and citizenship of this social group, historically marginalized and excluded, can not be seriously thought without discussing the hegemonic social representation that visualizes madness or mental illness as the absence of individual autonomy. This situation is observed both at the level of the principles on which our social institutions and public policies are based, and in the daily life of the actors themselves. It is necessary, therefore, to think of new ways to understand the problem of individual autonomy that are inclusive for the case of the mentally impaired or the mentally handicapped. This is necessary, at least for those who believe that categories as an individual or citizen should also include those who belong to this minority. But also because it is necessary to denaturalize a liberal conception of individual autonomy that visualizes it as a functional capacity of self-interested rational individuals and not as a relational capacity, which can never be lost due to illness or disability. The approach to relational autonomy is finally proposed as an approach to inclusive individual autonomy with conditions such as mental disability, but which immediately obliges us to address the question of the relationship with others, probably the essence of the problem of madness, after all.


The purpose of this paper is to study the impact of firm ownership in a differentiated industry. We find there is no effect on product differentiation and welfare due to ownership ratio change between private and state so long as the private (state) ownership in a partially state-owned firm remains at least half (less than half). However, when the private (state) ownership in the partially state-owned firm falls below half (rises more than half), the degree of product differentiation increases (decreases) whereas welfare decreases (increases) in the share of private (state) ownership; and thus the extent of private or state ownership matters.


This paper considers the stability problem for nonlinear quadratic systems with nested saturation input. The interesting treatment method proposed to nested saturation here is put into use a well-established linear differential control tool. And the new conclusions include the existing conclusion on this issue and have less conservatism than before. Simulation example illustrates the effectiveness of the established methodologies.


This study explores how Paris flood risk management issues, and in particular resilience solutions, are represented in the political sphere through the Web. Since the early 2000s, the French national and local authorities made increasing efforts to facilitate public access to administrative documents through digitalisation and online publication. On the other hand, resilience solutions gained importance, in the last five years, among scientists and practitioners concerned with flood risk in Paris.
We propose to exploit recent advances in big data exploration techniques, applied to online digital texts, to examine the strategies published on the Internet by public authorities and implemented in Paris. We adapted and applied a methodology outlined in R. Vicari, I. Tchiguirinskaia, D. Schertzer, 'Climate risks, digital media, and big data: following communication trails to investigate urban communities resilience', Natural Hazards and Earth Systems Sciences Discussion, doi.org/10.5194/nhess-2018-200
More specifically, we tried to answer the following questions: how do public authorities depict climate resilience strategies on the Web and how does it change in the long term? Which topics and actors are frequently associated with each other and how these patterns evolve over time?
We first conducted a qualitative review of online strategic documents released over 15 years. On the basis of this review, we selected key terms concerning resilience management. We then used this list to compute a complex network and identify clusters of terms that tend to appear in the same semantic context. The most central terms in the network were then identified. The analysis was repeated with two sample subsets corresponding to two different time periods: this allows the evolution of these patterns over time to be observed.
The results obtained from the study highlight the recent emergence of the following clusters of topics: nature-based solutions, integrated and multi–scale risk management, subsidiarity. These results provide new insights into the Web representation of policy and decision-making processes that tackle the challenges posed by flood resilience in the Paris region. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be reproduced in other cities facing flood risks or different hydrological shocks and stresses.
This research involved a collaboration with Institut des Systemes Complexes Paris -Ile-de-France and it was supported by the Chair Hydrology for Resilient Cities (endowed by Veolia).


This article describes how to create a laboratory management platform based on campus IC card. This platform can improve the efficiency and open level of the laboratory, improve the potential and advantages of university science and technology resources)


This paper shows a discussion about a new iteration method for a class of generalized nonexpansive mapping in nonempty closed convex subset E of any real Banach space x and the establishment of the existence and uniqueness of fixed points like xn+1=αnTk+1xn+(1-αn)Tk+2xn. The results presented in this paper extend and improve the corresponding conclusions in [1] and [2].


Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a prominent feature of obesity‐related conditions including impairments in endothelial function. NADPH oxidases (Nox) and mitochondria are major sources of ROS production within the vasculature. However, studies involving direct measurement of in vivo ROS production are limited in humans. Thus, the relative contributions of Nox‐ and mitochondrial‐derived ROS in human obesity remain to be fully characterized.


This thesis focuses on the information processing in individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits. Part 1 reviews the research literature that has investigated whether individuals with psychopathy, or high levels of psychopathic traits, show deficits in the processing of punishment and/ or reward information, and the extent to which the reported studies provide support for the two current competing theories of psychopathy. The review demonstrates that whilst there is strong evidence for intact processing of reward information, there is less conclusive evidence of a deficit in punishment processing. Furthermore, the literature reviewed was more supportive of an emotional dysfunction account of psychopathy, relative to an attention-based account. Part 2 presents an experimental study that investigates whether emotional face training is able to modify attentional capture by fearful faces in a community-based sample of individuals with high levels of psychopathic traits. The results showed that those who received the training were more captured by a task-irrelevant fearful face, and that this was the case, regardless of level of psychopathic traits. Part 3 considers some of the methodological and conceptual issues that arose while conducting the study reported in Part 2. Due to the specific nature of the research question, several decisions concerning the design and statistical analysis of the data needed to be made. This section discusses the advantages and disadvantages of those particular decisions.


The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of strategic plans in improving the quality of education at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Lubuk Jambi, Kuantan Singingi Regency, the method used by the author in this study was field research, collecting data by means of direct interviews, documentation and direct observation in place of research, data analysis by means of qualitative descriptive analysis method. The results of the study indicate that there are three stages in the preparation of a strategic plan, namely: formulation of the vision, mission and objectives, implementation and monitoring strategies and evaluation of the quality of education. The implementation of these three stages is maximized in accordance with the management functions of planning, organizing, actuating and controlling in order to get good results and improve the quality of education at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Muhammadiyah Lubuk Jambi.


Japanese Abstract: 筆者は,2013年11月以来,日本の法律雑誌NBLに,UC Hastingsとアメリカの法学教育に関する連載を行ってきた。これらは,その第5回と第6回である。English Abstract: The author has been writing a series of essays on UC Hastings and American legal education in a Japanese law journal, NBL (New Business Law), since November 2013. These are his fifth and sixth essays.


A drying machine for preventing tea leaves from deforming comprises a heat supply device and a drying device connected with the heat supply device, wherein the heat supply device comprises a boiler and a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is connected with the boiler through a high temperature liquid conveying pipe and a low temperature liquid conveying pipe, and comprises a radiating pipe and a fan, the heat supply device also comprises a heat exchange chamber, a drying chamber, a first conveying belt and a second conveying belt, the drying chamber is positioned above the heat exchange chamber, the first conveying belt is positioned in the drying chamber, the second conveying belt is parallel to the first conveying belt in an upper and down corresponding manner, the inner surface of the first conveying belt and the inner surface of the second conveying belt are correspondingly provided with a plurality of permanent magnets, and the first conveying belt is driven by a power device. Due to the adoption of the design, the tea leaves are prevented from deforming after being dried, and in addition, the heating device is far away from the tea leaves, so that the tea leaves are prevented from being contaminated.


This article analyzes a decision of the Supreme Court of Spain, on appeal in cassation, handed down in a case where two public bodies discuss its jurisdiction over the application of certain kinds of charges. Such charges, for a state body (Government of Autonomous Region) constitute utility fares (for provision of public utilities), for the other state body (municipality) are taxes. This judicial decision underscores the validity of the debate about the conceptual scope of the tax, which is a matter of great complexity and converging various elements, all of which referred to in this work. This specifi c case is related to the payment of house water supply, and about the legal nature of the payment of the users of public utilities


Sonic crystal (SC) rod has apparent band gaps in which longitudinal or bending wave can be suppressed. However, the longitudinal wave band gap (LBG) and bending wave band gap (BBG) are located in different frequency ranges generally. Therefore, multi-dimensional vibration in the same frequency band can not be attenuated using single SC rod. For this reason, an SC angular rod is proposed consisting of two single SC rods. The in-plane and out-plane vibration are analyzed using transfer matrix method and finite element simulations are carried out. Our results show that: firstly, the attenuation of LBG and BBG can be fully utilized simultaneously in in-plane vibration owing to the transformation between longitudinal and bending waves and the SC angular rod has the ability of vibration reduction of 3-dimensions and 2-dimensions in BBG and LBG, respectively. Additionally, vibration of low frequency also can be isolated especially when loading angle is close to 90 degrees. Secondly, the performance of 90-degrees SC angular rod is superior to that of other angles such as 45 degrees and 135 degrees. Thirdly, loading angle has certain influence on the characteristics of in-plane vibration. When loading angle closes to 90 degrees the bending vibration becomes dominant and the attenuation in BBG gets stronger. At the same time the transfer peaks of bending wave lying in LBG also get strengthened impairing the attenuation in nearby frequency range. The contrary case is found when the loading angle closes to 0 degree.


Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of non-traffic child pedestrian accidents in Queensland to which the Queensland Ambulance Service (QAS) responded between January 1998 and December 2000.
Method: Both quantitative and qualitative data from ambulance report forms were utilised in the analyses. Cases were selected on the basis of the child's age (up to 15 years) and the location of the incident (non-traffic areas). The main outcome measures were the child's Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, respiratory rate and ambulance dispatch code (life-threatening or non life-threatening) recorded on arrival by the paramedics.
Results: In total, 76 driveway incidents out of a total of 1105 paediatric accidents were identified over the three-year period. The incidents predominantly involved vehicles reversing at low speed out of driveways, often with a parent driving. Four-wheel drive (4WD) and heavy vehicles were over-represented in the statistics and were associated with more severe injuries to the child. Peak times for the incidents were afternoons and during holiday months, when children were more likely to be playing around non-traffic areas. The incidents were also more likely to involve males (57%) and 51% involved children under the age of four years. In regards to severity, one child was deceased and six were unconscious on arrival of the ambulance.
Conclusions: Non-traffic pedestrian accidents in Queensland remain a considerable risk for children under four years of age. A number of strategies may prove effective at reducing this risk, however greater driver awareness in non-traffic locations and the use of methods to enhance driver visibility when reversing may prove to be important factors in preventing these accidents.


The dedication of this volume of the Calyx reads, "To the memory of the Captain who led the students of '61 to a glorious death or a heroic life; of the professor who, for more than a quarter of a century afterwards, guided the attendants at this University both in learning and in living; to the memory of that band of boys which gave the University the honor of sending forth the only distinctly college company which fought throughout the war of the States; to the memory of James Jones White of The Liberty Hall Volunteers this book is affectionately dedicated."


Anthropogenic release of greenhouse gasses (GHG) has increased in the last 50 years, contributing to global climate change. Because agriculture is one of the major contributors to the production of non-CO2 GHG, the opportunities for mitigating GHG emissions from agriculture are often considered by policy makers. However, the implementation of agricultural GHG mitigation policies can have unintended consequences or trade-offs (both negative and positive). A major problem, for policy makers, is that although most of these trade-offs have been described in the past, no overview of them exists; and in many cases, there is no consensus with regard to the impact of the mitigation measures on aspects such as cost effectiveness, social acceptance, environmental impact, etc. The current article gives an overview of the different kinds of trade-off that might occur and their relationships to GHG mitigation and agricultural production. The authors offer policy makers a framework which can be applied to any GHG mitigation measure to determine which trade-offs are the most important and which ones should be taken into consideration. This will help policy makers to create an optimal agricultural GHG mitigation measure.


We analyze the critical behavior associated with spontaneous breakdown of chiral symmetry in QED3 (three-dimensional QED with four-component Dirac fermion using the SD (Schwinger-Dyson) equation. In the quenched planar approximation, we find an approximate solution such that QED3 resides in only one phase where the chiral symmetry is broken. Moreover, we predict the scaling law for the dynamical mass and chiral order parameter by an analytic study of the SD equation, which is then confirmed by solving the SD equation numerically. This scaling law is consistent with the Monte Carlo result in the quenched approximation.


Chemical hypergraphs and their associated normalized Laplace operators are generalized and studied in the case where each vertex–hyperedge incidence has a real coefficient. We systematically study the effect of symmetries of a hypergraph on the spectrum of the Laplacian.


The language policy of the Tanzanian state, based on a progressive development of socialist orientation, aims at the comprehensive promotion and the increasing usage of Swahili in almost all spheres of social life. The main aim is to create a modern vocabulary tha t can meet all needs of the scientific-technological age. The development of such a vocabulary is the condition for the application of Swahili also in those spheres in which English as a means of communication has dominated up to the present (secondary schools and higher education).


During the council of Trent the papal theologian and later General Superior of the Jesuits, Diego Lainez, argued for the jurisdictional primacy of the papacy. His position, its early acceptance and later rejection are outlined here. Lainez' theses were early forms of the position of Vatican I. In Trent they provoked the defense of episcopal jurisdiction, later to become the position of Vatican II.