The invention discloses a method for controlling a window acquiring focuses on a touch screen under a Microsoft windows operation system. A window control bar exists in a preset area of the touch screen, the control bar is provided with four keys, namely a minimized key, a maximum/restoration key, a close key and a snap key; the control bar acquires and judges whether the current resolution ratio of the touch screen meets the preset threshold value; if the current resolution ratio of the touch screen meets the preset threshold value, the display position and magnitude of the control bar in the preset area of the touch screen are calculated according to the acquired resolution ratio; a touch control signal applied to the keys of the control bar is waited; corresponding functions are performed according to the keys of the control bar which are selected by the touch control signal; and the method solves the problems that the touch range on the touch screen is too small, the size dimension of the window is difficult to adjust and the like in the prior art, improves success rate of successfully knocking touch buttons by an ordinary user, and has high usability for the disabled who has difficulty in using a mouse or a keyboard.


This study was conducted to explore the function of microRNA‐141‐3p/cyclin‐dependent kinase 8 (miR‐141‐3p/CDK8) in regulating trastuzumab resistance of breast cancer cells.


Korea is ranked as the world's No. 1 country in its aging rate. While the interest and demand for health is rapidly increasing, the health status of the elderly is in the lowest among OECD members. Increased chronic diseases, the burden of medical costs and digital/untact changes of societies after COVID-19 have caused the direction of healthcare to be changed from treatment oriented to health care and prevention oriented, along with increased income levels and a desire for a healthy life. Amid this paradigm of change, the gap in health standards and health inequality for the elderly according to local structure and social conditions affects not only socio-economic but also the quality of life for individual senior citizen. Utilizing prior data of Aging Research Panel Survey, this study aims to compare and analyze health conditions and regional gaps which are significant influences on the satisfaction of the life of the elderly, and to suggest direction of studies for health care to provide solutions for health inequalities. The findings are intended to be a basic data for researching models of the New Normal Smart Healthcare System that bridge the health gap between the elderly and enhance life satisfaction with health care models suitable for regional characteristics in aging society.


Abstract In the nuclear fuel cycle, 30 vol % tributyl phosphate/kerosene is always used as the major actinide extractant. However, there is a risk of fire accident during the usage of the solvent solution. It is necessary to investigate solvent fire because of the release of radioactive materials and possible overheating and blocking of ventilation filters. This paper discusses several tests of solvent solution combustion that were carried out to analyze the safety of solvent fire. Parameters such as gas emission of solvent burning, mass loss rate, and production of aerosol were obtained and analyzed. The experimental data obtained in this paper can be useful to develop a method of solvent fire assessment and evaluate a solvent fire accident in a nuclear fuel cycle facility.


On 19th February 2020, the European Commission published the long-awaited and pre-announced White Paper on artificial intelligence. In addition, the Commission published a document shaping Europe's digital future, a document on the European data strategy and a report on the impact of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and robotics on security and liability .

Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said in her presentation of the new EU digital strategy that the objectives for shaping Europe's digital future cover "everything from cyber-security to critical infrastructures, digital education to skills, democracy to media" . Whether this promise has been fulfilled and to what extent it has been possible to focus on content will be examined below. For this purpose, the following article will discuss individual proposals from selected documents and address newly emerging liability issues arising in connection with the use of AI.


Ultraschall in Med 2012; 33 In the last decade, ultrasound examination has undergone extremely interesting technological developments. The range of procedures has diversified, the classic two-dimensional ultrasound technology has evolved into 3D/4D technology, and Doppler ultrasound has been complemented by image processing procedures. Intravenous contrast ultrasound examination is rapidly expanding and elastography has become a standard method in many clinical applications. Endocavitary ultrasound is the most efficient imaging procedure in detecting small and deep lesions. Simultaneously, newer smaller, portable, and even miniaturized equipment has appeared. There is also the idea of connecting the transducers to smartphones. The technology of wireless transmission of ultrasound information is being developed. Ultrasound examination is available in extreme situations such as in an ambulance, helicopter or even outer space. Similarly, the range of clinical applications has diversified a lot, going through a process of clinical integration. Ultrasound is now accessible to all medical specialties, the only condition being a structured training in order to obey the rules of good governance and practice. Despite the great progress that the method has gone through, it still remains operator-dependent. Obviously, knowing the basic principles of ultrasound and assimilating a specific language are important elements that enhance this procedure as an imaging diagnostic entity. The integration of clinical data and understanding the situations when "ultrasound helps the clinical diagnosis" are complimented by situations in which "clinical diagnostic helps validate the ultrasound image". Education in ultrasound is perhaps more important than other imaging techniques. This concept is well understood and applied by EFSUMB (European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology). But what could be the impact of the use of ultrasound in medical schools? This is a challenge worth considering! Ultrasonography can be an educational "tool" in medicine. Heartbeat, normal and pathological blood flow, fetal activity, digestive dynamics are physiological events that could be better explained using ultrasound. There is anatomical information that can be illustrated using ultrasound and can sometimes be more useful to the medical student than the dissection of a corpse. Classical semiology could be comUltrasound education


This research demonstrates that supercritical extraction of the biomass has a remarkable and complex influence on Scots pine tree fractions changing the surface concentration of water, lipids, and ...


Corresponding Author: Hosna Salmani e-mail addresses: email@example.com Introduction: Patients with colorectal cancer experience disabilities and complications that lead to reduced quality of life. To reduce the symptoms and complications of the disease, reduce the costs, and increase the quality of life, patients should manage and control their disease. The aim of this study was to identify the requirements of a mobile-based application for self-management of patients with colorectal cancer. Methods: The present descriptive-applied research was conducted from 2020 to 2021. The requirements of the colorectal cancer application (including educational content, data elements, and capabilities) were assessed using needs assessments from patients, physicians, and nurses. The questionnaire was distributed among 114 people at the Cancer Institute and Firouzgar Hospital in Tehran. The obtained data (88 cases) were analyzed using the SPSS software, and the required components were identified. Results: Except the need for training for fatigue, other educational needs were considered necessary. In terms of essential data elements and according to the perspective of the patients, physicians, and nurses, the clinical data were more important than the demographic data. In addition, out of 79 features in 10 categories including drug management, nutrition and diet management, pain management, fatigue management, stress reduction and control, anxiety and depression, sleep management, exercise and physical activity, smoking and alcohol cessation, communication, and ancillary tools of a self-management application, 39 features were considered necessary. Conclusion: Applying the requirements mentioned in the present study can improve the self-management of the patients with colorectal cancer. The features provided can be used as a model for designing software, systems, or applications. Received: 23/Jan/2021 Modified: 07/March/2021 Accepted: 17/March/2021 Available online: 26/May/2021


This paper shall introduce two new decision directed timing error detectors for symbol synchronization circuits in M-PSK receivers. The first detector is a modification of the Gardner timing error detector and requires a sampling rate of 2 samples/symbol. The second detector is a modification of the Mueller & Muller detector and requires 1 sample/symbol. The analysis of the detectors encompasses 1) computation of their S-curves, 2) computation of their tracking gains, 3) discussion of their hardware implementation, 4) evaluation of their timing-error variance, and, finally, 5) comparison of the detectors to the unmodified versions and to other timing error detectors, especially with regards to fading and resistance to automatic gain control circuit imperfections


The present invention relates to a soft feed for fish, the soft feed is made from at least one mixing dry feed and liquid mixture, the mixture was allowed to absorb liquid essentially dry feed, by kneading is intended to be a pasty cohesiveness mass, the mass is formed into pieces of size and shape of the feed suitable for fish types and sizes. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of soft feed. .BACKGROUND


An accurate constitutive model is essential for designing the process of hot precision forging and numerical simulation. Based on the isothermal compression tests of as-extruded HMn64–8–5–15 manganese brass alloy at the deformation temperature of 873–1073 K and strain rate of 001–10 s−1, the effect of the friction and deformation temperature rise on the flow stress during the hot compression process was analyzed, and the flow stress curves were corrected. Three constitutive models based on the modified Zerilli-Armstrong, Arrhenius, and a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) optimized by the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm (GWO-BPNN) models were established to describe the high-temperature flow stress of this alloy. Meanwhile, the prediction ability of the three models was evaluated by the calculated values of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The values of MAPE for the modified Zerilli-Armstrong, Arrhenius, and GWO-BPNN models were computed to be, 3139 %, 2448 % and 1265 %, and the values of RMSE were calculated to be 1804, 1482 and 0467 MPa, respectively. The GWO-BPNN model was with the greatest prediction ability for the flow stress among these models. The GWO algorithm was introduced to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the BPNN model, and it has good prediction accuracy and better stability. It can better describe the high-temperature flow behavior of HMn64–8–5–15 alloy.


A novel spin-coating method has been developed for the synthesis of WS3-x thin films on transparent conductive substrates. These films, under external bias, have been shown to catalyze hydrogen gas evolution in 0.5M H2SO4(aq). By layering this p-type material onto a suitable oxygen-evolving catalyst, deactivation processes such as photobleaching can be prevented without the use of sacrificial additives, and both hydrogen and oxygen evolution can be sustained over extended durations of illumination.


In its struggle the proletariat is guided by the teachings of Marx, Engels, Lenin and Stalin. These great teachers and leaders of the proletariat have forged a powerful weapon. They have created and developed revolutionary theory of the proletariat. The MarxistLeninist teaching is a guide for the working class in its struggle under capitalism. Marxism-Leninism is a powerful weapon in the hands of the class conscious workers of all countries who enter the struggle against capital, and after the triumph of the proletarian revolution it shows the working class the way to conduct successfully the further struggle against all enemies of socialism, it enables them to carry out a correct policy ensuring the building of a complete socialist society.


Social interactions are very common theme in dreams. The present study based on a dream series of 7,747 dreams investigated the long-term effect of the dreamer's social pattern during school years on his adult dreaming. Overall, school-related dreams were found even 20 years after graduation. For the social pattern, personal significance and time spent together seems to be the main factor explaining the frequency of former schoolmates in dreams. To extend this single-case study, it would be fruitful to study similar dream series in order to shed light on the long-term effects of waking life on dreaming.


During the process of formation and development in these 60 years since the founding of the PRC,the CPPCC has made a series of effective practical exploration.Being an organic part of China's political system,the CPPCC has made significant contributions to socialist political development with Chinese characteristics,with its increasingly distinct systematical and political advantages.


(57) [Summary of formula I: [In the formula, A represents a methylene or O, B represents a methylene or O, g is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R A salt of the compound and a pharmaceutically-acceptable] represent the HET, central nervous system disorders, such as depression, anxiety, psychoses (e.g., schizophrenia), tardive dyskinesia, Parkinson's disease, obesity, hypertension , Tourette's syndrome, sexual dysfunction, drug addiction, drug abuse, cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia, obsessive-compulsive reaction acts, panic attacks, social phobias, uptake disorders and anorexia, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders non - with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia, constipation, arrhythmia, neuroendocrine disorders, stress, efficacy in prostate hypertrophy and convulsive therapy.


The soil physicochemistry properties the soil in greenbelt zones of chegndu was tested in the experiment and compared with sub-surface's.The results showed that pH of greenbelt zones was higher than those in sub-surface,while the organic matter and the total sulfur were lower than those in the sub-surface.


"Russell clearly succeeds in erasing historically one-dimensional views of Hamburg's late entry into shaping Germany's larger cultural and intellectual discourse." * German Studies Review "...a valuable scholarly contribution, serving as a useful reminder of the broad spectrum of political views and levels of engagement to be found in the complex confrontations with modernity in later imperial Germany." * The American Historical Review "...a compelling and needed nuance to overly simplified assumptions about Wilhelmine history. [Russell) offers instead a Hamburg that used its public art both to understand its unique history and to embrace a new path for the future...Russell's writing is clear and readable. he is able to add a significant contribution to the scholarship on Hamburg by moving beyond its role as a commercial hub within the empire and adding to its credence as a center of shaping the definition of a Kulturstadt." * H-Net "This scholarly and highly nuanced book will be an invaluable source for art historians as well as those studying twentieth-century Germany and its political, cultural, intellectual and emotional history." * Notable Book Reviews "This is real interdisciplinary work of the highest quality." * Jonathan Steinberg, Walter H. Annenberg Professor of Modern European History, University of Pennsylvania Aby Warburg (1866-1929), founder of the Warburg Institute, was one of the most influential cultural historians of the twentieth century. Focusing on the period 1896-1918, this is the first in-depth, book-length study of his response to German political, social and cultural modernism. It analyses Warburg's response to the effects of these phenomena through a study of his involvement with the creation of some of the most important public artworks in Germany. Using a wide array of archival sources, including many of his unpublished working papers and much of his correspondence, the author demonstrates that Warburg's thinking on contemporary art was the product of two important influences: his engagement with Hamburg's civic affairs and his affinity with influential reform movements seeking a greater role for the middle classes in the political, social and cultural leadership of the nation. Thus a lively picture of Hamburg's cultural life emerges as it responded to artistic modernism, animated by private initiative and public discourse, and charged with debate.


A RAPIDLY growing body of evidence indicates that volatile anesthetics protect myocardium against reversible and irreversible ischemic injury. Identifying the mechanisms by which volatile agents mediate these antiischemic actions is the subject of intense research. This objective has been difficult to accomplish because volatile anesthetics also profoundly affect cardiovascular function. Volatile agents reduce arterial and coronary perfusion pressure, cause dose-related depression of myocardial contractility, produce coronary vasodilation, affect electrophysiologic function, and modify autonomic nervous system activity to varying degrees. Therefore, the antiischemic effects of volatile anesthetics may be mediated, at least in part, by favorable alterations in myocardial oxygen supply–demand relations, preservation of energy-dependent cellular functions, and increased coronary blood flow. However, it seems unlikely that changes in myocardial metabolism and coronary perfusion caused by volatile anesthetics are solely responsible for protection against ischemic damage. Instead, several endogenous signal transduction pathways, acting through the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–sensitive potassium (KATP) channel and involving the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), have been implicated in mediating the antiischemic actions of volatile anesthetics. The experimental and clinical findings documenting the phenomenon of volatile anesthetic preconditioning against ischemic injury of myocardium are evaluated. Recent findings in vitro and in vivo that seek to define the intracellular mechanisms responsible for these beneficial actions are also summarized.


Mots cles : bacteries, ecosystemes aquatiques, strategies d'echantillonnage, analyse de variance, precision/cout. ABSTRACT - Using water samples from several observation levels of a brackish lagoon, statistical solutions are offered for the sampling optimisation of bacteria viable counts. The variability between plates count is studied by the mean of the Taylor's power law. The sampling strategy optimisation, including several sources of variability, is realized by the way of hierarchical analysis of variance and the estimation of the sampling cost of each source. This optimisation procedure result in a great increase of the relative efficiency of the sampling design and allow to obtain significant differences between the bacterial concentrations. The effect of the reduction of the total sampling effort on the precision of these average concentrations pointed out the scientific and economic interest to choose a priori the suitable level of precision to the studies.


Stringed instruments such as the cello have been evaluated extensively from structural and acoustical perspectives, but the riser on which a cello sits has been long overlooked. Being that the podium is traditionally some variation of a hollow box, this resonating "podium" effectively becomes part of the instrument and thus plays a role in its acoustic projection. While a cellist's performance is understood to be visually enhanced by the podium, no one has completed a significant study examining how the physics, dimensions, or capabilities of a cello podium might be optimized. This study investigates the mechanical interaction between the musician, instrument, and supporting surface, measuring the energy transmitted through the legs of the chair, the musician's feet, and most importantly the endpin of the instrument. Results indicate significant energy and useful audible spectrum is transmitted through the endpin of the instrument which could be harnessed to better acoustically amplify the instrument. It ...


ThePermeable Junction BaseTransistor (PJBT) isa new concept ofvertical field effect transistor (vFET) thathasthepotential ofveryhigh frequency operation Thegate of thenew homoepitaxial device consists ofheavily ptypedoped GaAsandisembedded m nominally undoped layers toreduce thegate capacitance Design andtechnology are described andpreliminary results arepresented


Abstract The photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in visible light was kinetically studied at 40° C using the acridone-chlorine (acridone-Cl2) combination as the photoinitiator. The polymerization was found to proceed via a free-radical mechanism, and the radical generation process was considered to follow an initial com-plexation reaction between monomer (MMA) and each initiator component (acridone and Cl2). Kinetic data indicated a lower order dependence of RP on initiator concentration (initiator exponent < 0.5), and the monomer exponent varied from about 1.00 to 1.25, depending on the nature of the solvents used. Initiator-dependent chain termination was significant along with the usual bimolecular mode of chain termination. The nonidealities in this system are analyzed.


During the eleventh century, as attested by the poetics of Godfried of Rheims or by the anonymous poem De nuptiis, poetry was considered as the supreme way of knowledge, as it was the case in certain milieus throughout the Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. In this regard, the matter of Troy was elevated to the highest poetic rank and those poets dealing with the Trojan imaginary are seen as "alter Homerus" or "alter Orpheus", that is, representatives of the supreme wisdom.


We investigate the temperature dependent spectral characteristics of an InAs multi-stacked quantum-dash-inwell laser. The multi-stack active medium optical transitions are dispersed by varying the thickness of AlGaInAs barrier layers. The analysis is carried out via a Fabry-Perot 700 μm long-cavity laser with a ridge width of 2 μm at different temperatures. A lasing bandwidth of >40 nm is observed at room temperature with total optical power of >150 mW. Moreover, broadening of lasing spectrum is observed with increasing the temperature, due possibly to a thermionic assisted emission and to optical pumping, enabling a full exploitation of the inhomogeneous optical transitions within the active region which indicates an increase in the available states in the active region. Therefore, proper optimization of the multi-stack active medium is required to fully utilize these optical transitions while maintaining high quantum efficiency, and proper bandgap engineering the device structure.


H. Ding, D. Xu, M. M. Zviman, V. Sena-Weltin, L. Amado, S. Nazarian, H. Halperin, E. R. McVeigh, and D. A. Herzka Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, People's Republic of, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States


Business diversification could be a channel through which controlling shareholders encroach on the interests of listed companies. Using China's private listed companies of SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) board from 2009 to 2011 as sample, this study investigates the effects of large shareholders' controlling power on the diversification of both listed companies and their holding groups. Our findings demonstrate that the level of listed companies' diversification is positively related to the degree of separation of control rights and cash flow rights of controlling shareholders. Moreover, the higher the separation degree of control and cash flow rights, the higher the level of diversification of the holding groups, indicating diversification is also adopted by the holding group as a channel to expropriate listed companies.


We discuss contravariant connections on Poisson manifolds. For vector bun dles, the corresponding operational notion of a contravariant derivative had been introduced by I. Vaisman. We show that these connections play an important role in the study of global properties of Poisson manifolds and we use them to define Poisson holonomy and new invariants of Poisson manifolds.


IN C&EN CIRCLES, "PUBS" MEANS PUBLIcations. But where I was brought up, in Southampton, England, "pubs" meant one thing and one thing only: public houses. In those days, pubs were places where people—mainly men—quaffed beer or other alcoholic drinks, socialized, and played games such as darts, dominoes, cribbage, and shove-halfpenny. Every village and neighborhood seemed to have at least one pub. Nowadays, most pubs in England offer "pub grub" in addition to a range of drinks. Many have become restaurants, the best being so-called gastropubs. Even so, there's still a strong association in British culture between pubs and beer. I must confess: I did not enjoy my first pint of beer. It had a bitter flavor and I could not understand its appeal. However, as the years passed, and with some encouragement from friends, I sampled many of the numerous varieties of beer that are brewed in England. I gradually acquired a taste ...


This paper proposes a method to determine the parameters of genetic algorithms (GA) using design of experiments (DOE) iteratively. DOE can determine proper parameters within a relatively small number of experiments and with statistical validity. In the experiments, the DOE and the metalevel GA are adopted for determining parameter values and crossover operators. The GA decided by DOE has faster convergence speed than that by metalevel GA in De Jong's test functions F1 and F2. Moreover, the GA decided by DOE obtains the solution, of which fitness value is higher than that by metalevel GA in the knapsack problem.


This paper presents the experimental results of transient latchup initiation measured on various test structures and pulsing conditions in the CHMOS III technology. A simple model is developed to simulate the measured transient latchup initiation characteristics. This model includes the junctions and well capacitances as well as the intrinsic transient delay of the parasitic transistors of the latchup SCR. The simulation results of this model agree with the experimental data and indicate that the transient dependence of the latchup initiation in the CHMOS III technology has a time constant proportional to the SCR transistors base transit times and the RC time constant of the distributed capacitances in the well and the substrate. The application of these results in the design of latchup free dynamic circuits optimized for high speed performance and dense layout is demonstrated on CHMOS dynamic random access memories.


A water-repellent perovskite solar cell was developed based on anti-reflective lotus leaf-inspired hierarchical pyramidal arrays with enhanced self-cleaning characteristics and was prepared by the replica molding of micro pyramid structures and Ar ion surface treatment. The power conversion efficiency of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cell was improved from 13.12% to 14.01% by employing such a bifunctional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film on the perovskite solar cell due to an anti-reflection effect. Moreover, the PDMS film adhered to the perovskite solar cell demonstrated excellent superhydrophobicity, which makes the perovskite solar cell water-repellent.


Abstract : Economic analysis (EA) is a key part of the resource allocation process for Military Construction (MILCON) and Commercially Financed Facilities (CFF) projects. Results of an EA provide valuable input in deciding which projects to fund for the most cost-effective use of tax dollars. This report provides Army installations with guidance for performing accurate EAs and reporting results properly. This information clarifies the Army policy on EA set by Army Regulation (AR) 11-28 and Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-104. This report supersedes Technical Report P-151, Economic Analysis: Description and Methods (U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1983). The current report updates the previous information and addresses the role of ECONOPACK in performing EAs. ECONPACK is a computer program that automates much of the EA process. It is available on the Programming, Administration, and Execution (PAX) system and in a personal computer version.


The incubation media is a factor that may influence the gas production (GP) concentrations of in vitro ruminal fermentation and degradability of feedstuffs (Mould et al., 2005). Cumulative In vitro GP is associated with feedstuff degradation (Mould et al. 2005). However, GP alone does not provide direct information on either the extent of degradation or the quantity of fermentative end products. Some authors have questioned the use of complex buffer solutions such as the Goering Van Soest media, suggesting a simplified in vitro media would improve safety and reduce cost without negatively impacting on analytical precision (Mould et al., 2005). The current experiment was conducted to compare the Goering-Van Soest and Kansas State incubation media as commonly used in ruminal in vitro studies to evaluate feedstuffs (Goering and Van Soest, 1970; Marten and Barnes, 1979). The in vitro gas production (GP) was completed using a commercial wireless GP apparatus (AnkomRF GP System). The study included eight replicates and two controls for each of the two treatments. Each module (250ml) was filled with 1g of ground Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay, and either 105ml of the Goering Van Soest or Kansas State buffer solutions preheated to 39°C. Rumen fluid was collected 3h after the morning feeding from fistulated Brahman steers consuming Rhodes grass hay. The rumen inoculums (25ml) were poured into each of the vessels. Anaerobic conditions were maintained throughout the preparation and conduct of the experiment. The apparatus was set up to record GP every 15 minute to avoid super-saturation of the liquid phase. Results are described in Figure I.

The Goering-Van Soest buffer allowed greater GP than the Kansas State buffer in this experiment at 24, 48 and 72h (P<0.001). The Goering-Van Soest media demonstrated a greater buffering capacity for in vitro fermentation and degradability studies of Rhodes grass hay as demonstrated by GP. The pH declined (p<0.05) for both treatments throughout the experiment. The Goering Van Soest treatment declined from 7.4 to 6.81 whereas the Kansas State buffer decreased from 6.80 to 6.39. The decline in pH may have affected the cellulolytic bacterial population in the Kansas State Buffer treatment. When undertaking or comparing in vitro studies using cellulolytic substrates consideration needs to be given to the incubation media used.


The mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and concanavalin A (Con A) stimulate only those mouse lymphocytes which have undergone differentiation within the thymus and thus bear the differentiation antigen θ. However, not all thymus-derived lymphocytes (T cells) react equally to both mitogens, and the differential responsiveness of T cells to PHA and Con A may be used to indicate the existence of T cell subsets. One subpopulation of T cells exists which demonstrates approximately equal reactivity to both mitogens and bears a relatively high density of θ determinants. Another subpopulation exists which responds mainly to Con A, and bears a relatively reduced density of θ determinants. T cell subsets so delineated also differ in their recirculation patterns, radiation sensitivities, location in peripheral lymphoid tissue, and most importantly, in their function. These differential characteristics may represent the capabilities of T cells in various stages of differentiation within one T cell line. On the other hand, these cells may be representative of two distinct T cell lines and preliminary evidence consistent with this possibility is presented.


Hygienic and sanitary research, as a rule, are related to the selective control. In this case, the decision on the quantitative characteristics of environmental factors or public health is based on the results of checking one or more selections of samples, and environmental quality is assessed by comparing the values of these characteristics with standards, primarily – maximum allowable concentrations of pollutants. Strict legal regulation of such work is necessary, but the current regulatory documents are incomplete and even contradictory. There are erroneous decisions due to unrepresentativeness, not only to the insufficient amount of initial data, but also to their unsatisfactory processing. The consequence of such decisions is unjustified requirements for enterprises that pollute the environment, charging inflated payments for a negative impact on the environment, etc. Using the example of monitoring for highly variable indicators of the quality of natural and waste waters, showed that in order to make a correct conclusion about the fulfillment or violation of hygienic and sanitary requirements, based on a comparison of several samples, it is necessary to equalize their statistical weights. Violation of this condition can lead to the dependence, oriented in one direction in stratified datasets, will acquire the opposite direction after their summation. In preventing such errors, the role of territorial bodies of sanitary and epidemiological control and supervision is essential.


. In this note we consider the 1-D cubic Schr¨odinger equation with data given as small perturbations of a Dirac- δ function and some other related equations. We first recall that although the problem for this type of data is ill-posed one can use the geometric framework of the Schr¨odinger map to define the solution beyond the singularity time. Then, we find some natural and well defined geometric quantities that are not regular at time zero. Finally, we make a link between these results and some known phenomena in fluid mechanics that inspired this note.


Abstract Factor analysis of a number of Certificate of Secondary Education (CSE) examinations showed that tests of practical biology loaded significantly on the same factor as biology theory papers. When a fictitious correlation matrix was factored it was necessary for the correlation between tests of practical and theoretical biology to fall to about 0.17 before the two separate tests of biological ability appeared as distinct constructs. It is concluded that the examinations studied were not adequately distinguishing practical biology from theoretical biology. All assessments appeared to be testing a general factor which might be related either to general ability, or to a specific biological ability.


ABSTRACT The implementation of the National Curriculum Guidelines requires an articulation between the areas of education and health care based on principles dictated by the Brazilian Constitution. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the interrelations between public health policies and the expansion of bachelor programs in nursing in the State of Minas Gerais. We used quantitative and qualitative methods: research in the national database; questionnaire for course coordinators, conduction of focus groups. It was found that courses are being offered in the morning, afternoon, evening, and full-time, with different times and workload. There is clear evidence that training courses are focusing on Primary Health Care; the basic health care network is the teaching scenario favored by 94.2% of courses. However, there is evidence of a mismatch between theoretical discourse and reality, between teaching and service, pointing at different times of change in training and service, which need to be better understood. Descriptors : education; nurse; public policies; saude.


This paper deals with the effect of splicing area design parameters on the mechanical behavior of beam-column connection with cantilever beam splicing. A series of models are designed based on the change of parameters. The mechanical behavior of beam-column connection with cantilever beam splicing is systematically studied by using the finite element analysis. The analysis results show that the number and arrangement of web bolt will have a great influence on mechanical behavior of the splicing joint when the number of flange bolt is designed by the precise design method; the number and arrangement of web bolt will have a less influence when the number of flange bolt is designed by the equal strength design method; Splicing area design parameters have little effect on the ultimate load and the initial rotational stiffness of the splicing joint; the number and arrangement of bolt is sensitive parameter for yield load of the splicing joint and the rotational stiffness in the the splicing area.


The separation of a sliver, delivered from a pair of drafting rollers and opened by air flow, was evaluated experimentally by the following parameters:(1) Sizes of separated fiber groups.(2) Scatter of time interval of separation.(3) Time dependent size variation of separated fiber groups.The results are as follows.(1) The sliver separation is considerably influenced by the air-speeds up to 30m/s. Larger group separation occurs periodically at low air speed.(2) The slower the revolution of front rollers n, the better the separation of a sliver. The effect of n on fiber separation decreases with increasing air speed, and clear correlation is observed between n and the longest time interval of separated fiber groups.(3) Draft ratio of drafting rollers D, affects the fiber separation when air-speed or n is low.(4) The ratio of periodical group separation to total separation in quantity is very effective to evaluate the separation.(5) The investigation of the periodicity of separation time verifies that a sliver is separated randomly.


This report exmamines automatic solving of Heyawake puzzles usingAnswer Set Programming. Heyawake is somewhat similar to the morewell known Sudoku but has not been as extensively researched whichmakes the game very interesting to examine.The game has previously been proven to be NP-complete so the focushas been on implementing the solver instead of making it fast althoughsome optimizations has been made.Answer Set Programming has long been used to solve NP-completeproblems and for Heyawake it is possible to solve normal sized puzzlesvery fast. Optimizing the solver proved to be hard unless you have extensiveknowledge of the Answer Set Programming solver that is used.


We propose a DWDM-to-Nyquist channel conversion scheme based on complete Optical Fourier Transformation and optical Nyquist filtering. We demonstrate conversion from 50-GHz-grid 16×10 Gbit/s DPSK DWDM to a 160-Gbit/s Nyquist channel (0.9 symbol/s/Hz spectral efficiency) with 1.4 dB power penalty.


The paper discussed the practical value and development potential of CAD,which included three aspects such as alignment design,subgrade pavement design and bridge design.


Home economics and civics as school subjects in Japan have a common feature, in that both subjects nurture a sense of citizenship at home, in the workplace and in the wider society. In addition, both have the potential to help students recognize the gender bias around them and can empower them to help make a more gender-equal society. Focusing on this, the purpose of this report was to investigate home economics and civics teachers' views, in order to analyse the features of the two subjects and the relationship between them. Questionnaires were sent to home economics and civics teachers of all the senior high schools in four prefectures around Japan in October 2001, and 357 samples were analysed. The results were as follows: (a) Home economics teachers and female teachers expressed more interest in lessons on gender than civics teachers and male teachers. Concerning lessons on citizenship, no statistical difference in teachers' interest was found. (b) Topics on citizenship were learned in the fields of consumer, environment and social welfare issues in both subjects. More lessons were reported to take place in home economics than in civics. (c) In home economics, topics on gender were learned as core issues in the areas of family relations, family law and parenting. On the other hand, in family law, civics, topics on gender were taught as marginal issues in the area of basic human rights and labour issues. (d) Home economics teachers thought the goals of gender education were to empower students to overcome narrow gender roles and to strengthen self-respect. In contrast, civics teachers thought it would empower a sense of human rights. Concerning citizenship education, teachers of both home economics and civics thought the goals would enable students to recognize social problems as their own issues and try to solve them.


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A type of self-cleaning intake for extracting water from mountain streams has been developed. The intake comprises a steeply-sloping, wire mesh screen supported by a grating and protected by a grill. The intercepted flow is collected in a trough below. Field experience of the use of the intake is described and the results of a laboratory study leading to design data are reported.


To obtain evidence of the existence of Ce3+ at Ba sites in BaTiO3, the nominal (Ba1-xCex)Ti1-x/4O3 (BCT) and Ba(Ti1-xCex)O3 (BTC) ceramics prepared under different conditions were investigated by Raman spectroscopy. A band at ∼840 cm-1 that appears in all BCT samples is evidence of the existence of Ce3+ at Ba sites in the BaTiO3 lattice. For BTC, Raman scattering experiments give convincing evidence that a small number of Ce ions inevitably enter Ba sites as Ce3+, which can be expressed by (Ba,Ceδ)(Ti,Cex-δ)O3, where δ≈2 ‰.


Objective To access the clinical value and feasibility of ultralow anterior resection,as well as effect on the defecation after the coloplasty was added.Methods Sixty-five patients of a routine clinical treatment and experience undergone ultra low anterior rectal resection from January 2000 to December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed.Results There was no death,one case of anastomotic leakage,anastomotic stricture in 3 cases,follow-up of three years,local recurrence in 3 cases,non-urinary and sexual dysfunction.After defecation frequency of 4-5 times/day,then 8 cases of acute sense.Adding 15 cases of coloplasty postoperative defecation frequency of an average of 2 times/day,mild acute sense of two cases.Conclusion Ultra-low anterior resection in the application of coloplasty is an effective method of treating low rectal cancer.


Background: Fospropofol is a phosphate-ester water soluble prodrug of propofol approved in the United States for the short-term sedation of adults undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures with monitored anesthesia care. Fospropofol may be advantageous for procedural sedation because it is not a lipid formulation, it lacks pain on injection, it possesses a different pharmacokinetic profile due to in vivo conversion of fospropofol to propofol, and it offers rapid recovery from sedation. Objective: To review published pharmacokinetic data, clinical trials, and the safety profile of fospropofol and provide comment on its


Simple Summary In the face of a changing climate, antibiotic resistance and uprising outbreaks of 'forgotten' diseases, there is an urgent need for new, safe strategies and natural immunomodulatory products in intensive broiler production. So far, many prebiotic and synbiotic preparations have been explored to influence the gut microbiota composition and the host immune system. However, the effects of bioactive compounds are not always found to be consistent. Global analysis allows us to define at least several reasons for those discrepancies: different chemical composition and origins of the oligosaccharides, interaction with other feed ingredients, and unfavorable environmental impact, where the two latter seem to be most important. The in ovo strategy to automatically inject prebiotics at day 12 of egg incubation has been elaborated to eliminate some of those factors and provide a fully controlled modulation of the host biology. Here, the prebiotic modulatory effects were reflected in the improved gut structure and resistance to opportunistic pathogens in the final weeks of broiler rearing, showing lifelong effects. The in ovo strategy allows for the earliest possible immunomodulatory treatments with the use of naturally sourced bioactive compounds, one of them being legume raffinose oligosaccharides. Abstract The aim was to investigate the impact of an automatic in ovo injection of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) extracted from the seeds of Lupinus luteus L, on the chicken performance and resistance in a production environment. At day 12 of incubation, a total of 57,900 eggs (Ross 308) were divided into two groups: 1/ Control, injected with 0.9% NaCl and 2/ RFO group, injected with 1.9 mg/egg of the lupin seed extract, dissolved in 0.2 mL NaCl. The performance parameters, biochemical indices (lipid profile, hepatic parameters), gut histomorphology and duodenum structure, oxidative stability of the meat and microbiological counts of the major commensal microbiota species were analyzed. Mortality, body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected. By day 42, several health indices were improved with RFO and were reflected in a beneficial lipid blood profile, increased villi surface and better combating opportunistic pathogens through reduction of Clostridia and decreased coccidia counts. The RFO increased meat oxidation, but only at the beginning of the storage. The RFO sourced from local legumes can be considered a promising prebiotic for broiler chickens. In ovo delivery of prebiotics and/or synbiotics should be further optimized as an important strategy for the earliest possible modulation of chicken resistance.


it provides the means of measuring water uptake by plants under field conditions. The heat pulse method, based on the solution of the convective heat flow equation in a homogeneous medium, can be used to determine heat velocity in plant stems. However, heterogeneity, whether natural or caused by implantation of the sensors in the conducting tissue, results in a measured heat velocity which is always lower than the actual velocity. Therefore, translating the heat velocity into a transpirational flux requires either an experimental calibration procedure or a computational correction of the flow equation. In some cases the calibration procedure is unavoidable. Calibration for several species of trees in lysimeters and on sections of branches in the laboratory produced the same calibration factor, 0.55. Transpirational flux in trees is computed from measured heat velocity, wood physical properties, and the area of water-conducting annulus of stem. In herbaceous plants, however, uncertainties about the water-conducting stem area and its physical properties make it necessary to calibrate for each species. The tests showed that the technique can be calibrated for cotton and soybean. The method produces erratic results with tomato, and its performance with corn has not yet been established.


We present photometric data of the Type II-P supernova (SN) 2004dj in NGC 2403. The multicolor light curves cover the SN from ∼60 to 200 days after explosion and are measured with a set of intermediate-band filters that have the advantage of tracing the strength variations of some spectral features. The light curves show a flat evolution in the middle of the plateau phase, then decline exponentially at the late times, with a rate of 0.10 ± 0.03 mag (10 days)-1 in most of the filters. In the nebular phase, the spectral energy distribution of SN 2004dj shows a steady increase in the flux near 6600 and 8500 Å, which may correspond to the emission lines of Hα and the Ca II near-IR triplet, respectively. The photometric behavior suggests that SN 2004dj is a normal SN II-P. Compared with the light curves of another typical SN II-P, 1999em, we estimate the explosion date to be 2004 June 10 ± 21 UT (JD 2,453,167 ± 21) for SN 2004dj. We also estimate the ejected nickel mass during the explosion to be M(56Ni) = 0.023 ± 0.005 M⊙ from two different methods, which is typical for a SN II-P. We derive the explosion energy to be E ≈ 0.75 × 1051 ergs, the ejecta mass to be M ≈ 10.0 M⊙, and the initial radius to be R ≈ 282 R⊙ for the presupernova star of SN 2004dj, which are consistent with other typical SNe II-P.


On an altar-piece of the Gothic mercy-seat altar in the hospital church of Bad Aussee, made in 1449, Saint Ottilia, the patron saint of eye sufferers, is depicted with a crab's pincer, an attribute hitherto unknown. In the Middle Ages it was customary to put crab-eyes, which are calcium formations in the stomach of the crab, into the eyes of individuals to remove foreign bodies. As these crab-eyes are too small to be seen at any distance, the author takes the view that another typical and well-known part of the crab's body, more suitable for the representation, was used.


The aim of this study was to research gallbladder motility and state of sphincter of oddi in patients with irritable 22 Сибирский медицинский журнал, 2008, № 5 bowel syndrome. The biliary tract was examined in 137 patients with irritable bowel syndrome. 48,9% patients with irritable bowel syndrome had dysfunction of the gallbladder and/or sphincter of oddi. The most often disorder was sphincter of oddi dysfunction. 56,7% patients with altered motility of biliary tract had biliary pain. Individuals with overlapping functional disorders had more severe abdominal pain, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, psychological distress and decrease of helth related quality of life.


Finding decompositions of a graph into a family of clusters is crucial to understanding its underlying structure. While most existing approaches focus on partitioning the nodes, real-world datasets suggest the presence of overlapping communities. We present OCA, a novel algorithm to detect overlapped communities in large data graphs. It outperforms previous proposals in terms of execution time, and efficiently handles large graphs containing more than 108 nodes and edges.


Teacher-customisable personalised software for learners with dyscalculia and other forms of low numeracy, within a collaborative context for Special Education Needs (SEN) teachers.


The invention discloses a multifunctional intelligent household control system. The system comprises a client, a remote server, an intelligent gateway control box, an infrared household electrical appliance node and a controllable variable color lamp node, wherein the client is connected with the remote server so as to be in wireless connection with the intelligent gateway control box, the client is also connected with the intelligent gateway control box through a local area network, and the intelligent gateway control box is respectively connected with the infrared household electrical appliance node and the controllable variable color lamp node through a Zigbee wireless communication mode. The system is integrated with the intelligent gateway control box with a learning function, thereby being higher in convenience; the system is provided with the remote server so as to perform remote wireless control over household electrical appliances and an illumination system, thereby being quite convenient; the system is provided with the controllable variable color lamp node so as to carry out intelligent regulation and control on a variable color lamp through a unified Zigbee communication interface and PWM driving waveforms, thereby being more flexible and diversified. The multifunctional intelligent household control system can be widely applied to the field of intelligent control.


This article discusses the transition of Malay Women's role and contribution in the early 20 century. It will unearth the awakening of the 20 century Malay women towards their education. The chronology will start with the introduction of the Malay women before the 20 century and the causes that triggered their consciousness toward the need for education. Between 1900 and 1930s, the Malays were more acceptable towards the education system initiated by the British. After the 1930s, they became more aware of the importance of education for their children, including their daughters. Other issues to be discussed are the changing role or position of women and their contributions to the era in political, economic and social aspects. The methodology of this research is more on qualitative method by using historical approach. The findings show that through education, the society has been able to change women's role compared to the past. The biggest accomplishment was on the status of the Malay women with the highly educated ones being given the trust to play more significant roles in politics, economy and social aspects.


This paper introduces a new error correction strategy using cyclic redundancy checks (CRC) for a trellis coded system in the presence of bit stuffing. The proposed receiver is designed to simultaneously demodulate, decode and correct the received message in the presence of bit stuffing. It is based on a Viterbi algorithm exploiting the conditional transitions of an appropriate extended trellis. The receiver is evaluated with automatic identification system (AIS) messages constructed with a 16 bit CRC and a Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) modulation. The stuffed bits are inserted after any sequence of five consecutive bits 1 as requested by the AIS recommendation. Simulation results illustrate the algorithm performance in terms of packet error rate. A gain of more than 2.5dB is obtained when compared to the conventional GMSK receiver.


Hygiene is basic issue to realizing human health because health is not everything, but without health everything is nothing. Hygiene is placed as main factor in achieving health and prosperity. So development of hygiene that requires serious attention in education to have a positive impact on public health. On the other, Islam provides high position to hygiene. Prophet Muhammad SAW. said, "Cleanliness is part of faith". Indonesia is the largest Muslim country but the population are not accustomed behavior clean and healthy life. This condition is indicated with many Muslims who have contracted health problems relating to the cleanliness such as diarrhea and pneumonia.
This qualitative research used an anthropology approach to assess the implementation of lessons al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan to created hygiene culture in SD Muhammadiyah 23 Semanggi. Researchers entered the natural territory lives and hygiene cultural activities that characterize al-Islam and Kemuhammadiyahan for studied. Technical research for collecting data is observation, interview and document. whereas the credibility of the measurement data using triangulation. While for measurement data credibilities used triangulation.
The results of this study concluded: (1) hygiene is part from akhlak education from Muhammadiyah with portions as much as 4,1% of whole al-islam and kemuhammadiyahan lesson. Hygiene education material covers the ablutions ritual before prayer, wash the hands, dispose of waste in place and civilized defecate. (2) implementation stage of al-Islam and kemuhammadiyahan at SD Muhammadiyah 23: teacher gives perception, examplizing, imitation the teacher attitude, the student habit, the habit blooms well, conditioned environment culture with with mutual remind and latest supervision. The management that used is planning, doing, check and actuiting.

Keywords: al-Islam, kemuhammadiyahan, culture, hygiene


This study focuses on the assessment of relationships between flow and macrozoobenthos structure that was performed in a reconnected oxbow lake located in the Slupia River floodplain (northern Poland). The lake was created during river straightening at the beginning of 20th century by cutting off the right-bank meander. The oxbow restoration was performed to enhance the ecological viability of this water body and restore riverine wetland. In July 2000 the oxbow was connected with the river channel through PVC pipes which enabled free water movement. Macrozoobenthos sampling, as well as chemical analyses of water and hydrological measurements, took place both before and after the oxbow reconnection. Before the oxbow reconnection, the dominant species was Asellus aquaticus, whereas after the reconnection the structure of benthic species changed significantly. During the first year it was replaced by bivalves and Chironomidae larvae and then A. aquaticus. After the reconnection, macrozoobenthos mean density was 5-fold higher and the mean wet biomass was 77-fold higher than before the reconnection. The number of taxa increased from 4 before the oxbow reconnection to 17 during the first year after the performed works and 20 in the next year. We stated that the revitalization process of the reconnected oxbow lake has long-term consequences for the benthic communities. The most significant feature of the oxbow reconnection is the qualitative and quantitative recolonization by riverine macrozoobenthos species. The performed restoration significantly improved ecological status of the oxbow lake by the increase in biodiversity and water quality.


This cat was first presented with a history of vomiting and seizures. Signs of exercise intolerance and right‐sided cardiac failure later developed. Diuretic and cardiac glycoside therapy temporarily improved the condition. When terminal decompensation became apparent (6 months later), euthanasia was suggested. Autopsy revealed a grossly dilated right ventricle with absence of a section of right ventricular myocardium producing a 'window' defect in the right ventricular free wall. There was extensive myocardial hypertrophy and degeneration, probably secondary to the congenital hypoplastic defect. Copyright


A dominant trend in arable farming systems worldwide is the replacement of large areas of perennial vegetation with a small number of annual crops (Green et al., 2005). Some of this change occurs as native vegetation is replaced by annual crops, but change in the latter half of the 20th Century has also occurred through the simplification of diverse systems that formerly included perennial forages and annual crops (Bullock, 1992). Extreme examples of these processes can be seen over the last century in the U.S. Midwest, where prairies, savannas, forests, and wetlands have been almost completely replaced by corn and soybean (Figure 1).

Landscape simplification and the expansion of annual crops have been accompanied, and to a large extent driven, by the broad scale use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers, new cultivars and machinery, and soil drainage and irrigation. The resulting increases in yields and farm labor productivity are well documented (e.g., Cochrane, 1993). Less well documented but increasingly evident are the unintended consequences of simplified, intensive farming systems, including contamination of drinking water sources and coastal areas by soil sediment, pesticides, nitrates, and phosphates; threats to human health and non-target plant and animal species resulting from …


Cancer Therapy
Unlike most colorectal cancer patients with mutations in the KRAS gene, those with the Gly13→Asp (G13D) mutation respond to blockade of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Using a systems biology approach, McFall et al. showed that EGFR-mediated activation of wild-type KRAS depended on whether the mutant KRAS inhibited the tumor suppressor neurofibromin 1 (NF1). Because the KRAS G13D mutant did not inhibit NF1, EGFR signaling still activated wild-type KRAS in KRAS G13D cells and drove tumor growth. These findings underscore how precision medicine could benefit from a systems-level analysis of patients.

Sci. Signal. 12 , eaaw8288 (2019).


The dominant highway speed Weigh In Motion (WIM) System in Australia is Culway, a system that uses concrete culverts as the load sensors. It has been known for some time that its weighing accuracy can change with time. This paper reports on the seven years of weighing records from one site which has exhibited a consistent seasonal variation in weighing accuracy. The paper demonstrates that the variation is not due to changes in vehicle characteristics, but rather due to natural causes. It finally presents a recommendation on how the variation can best be managed. For the covering abstract see IRRD E102667.


By comparing the residential school system to the contemporary prison system, this paper examines the issue of cultural racism in regards to issues Aboriginal women face. This paper argues that the treatment Aboriginal women face under the Correctional Services of Canada (CSC) is an extension of the colonial past, bearing similar goals and principles. To support this, the paper examines Section 12 1 (b) of the Indian Act of 1876, and proceeds to provide similarities between residential schools and prisons, connecting it to cultural racism and its impacts today. Data has been collected from several academic journals ranging in the fields of social science, women's studies, sociology, and criminology, along with a debate and case study. Residential schools promoted ideals of whiteness by viewing children as threats to the white Canadian "norm," taking away traditional practices, and beating children as an attempt to rid them of their Aboriginal identity. In a similar manner, prisons placed Aboriginal women far away from their families, they were denied visitation rights and cultural programs, and dehumanized in an attempt to make them conform to mainstream white culture. This paper ends with criticism of Harper's Bill C-10, the Safe Streets and Communities Act, as well as a case study of Ashley Smith, a 19-year-old Aboriginal woman who died under the de-humanizing treatment of CSC. Suggestions for change are discussed, showing that this issue needs to be recognized in order for the prison system to reclaim its true purpose of rehabilitation rather than a system that destroys identity.


At which point is the reception process of the Apostolic Exhortation following the special Synod on Lebanon, 18 months after its promulgation by Pope John Paul II. The reception challenges theology and practice at the same time. After pointing out the analogical meaning of reception in ecclesiology, the author underlines its special significance in the context of the Exhortation. He then specifies who is invited to receive and what is to be received, particularly the meaning of the Church as communion which constitutes the unity of the whole document. He examines the process of the reception, analysing the reorganisation of the Assembly of Catholic Patriarchs and Bishops in Lebanon, the progress made by certain commissions, the reasons of the slowness of some other commissions and the heavy burden of prevailing mentalities. He also notices the new questions raised by the progression of the reception. Distinguishing reception from application, certain criteria for reception are proposed. All these reflections are situated in the present Lebanese context.


Developmental specifics of beauty sense in ontogenesis are analyzed in the article. It is demonstrated that mature formation of beauty sense and aesthetic activity relates to early adolescence. Ability to individual aspects of aesthetic activity can be noted on earlier stages of ontogenesis (A.V. Zaporozhets, Z.N. Novlianskaja, N.V. Papucha and others). However attitude to beauty is not realized clearly at the moment. Aesthetic activity in the strictly proper sense of the term can be analyzed when image dynamics shifts from encompassing involuntary changes of ideal images to free image management as well as realization of both freedom and contemplation in order to transform it according to "beauty principles". Aesthetics exists exceptionally in the individual form of development. Therefore mature forms of aesthetic activity (perception or creation of aesthetic products) can be manifested at earlier ontogeny stages, for example, among artistically gifted children. It is demonstrated that behavioral acts of perception of an artistic work, while being visually similar, are phenomena of different psychological nature for different age groups (for example, infants, preschoolers, younger school children, teenagers). Features of fairy-tales and lullabies perception in early ontogenesis are analysed. Perception of fairy-tales in early ontogenesis originally emerges as external, unfolded activity and supposes participation in events which are directly perceived and experienced. Further on this basis similar activity acquires internal nature of assistance, empathy to fairy-tale characters and becomes true in the domain of imagination (A.V. Zaporozhets). Providing help to a fairy-tale character, a child places him/herself into the situation and further operates within its internal logic.


The Palatine Regional Library, founded in 1921, has moved into its new building ― under one roof with the Regional Archive ― in 1990. The building, its construction and functional aspects are described in the paper


. We characterise sets of uniformly absolutely continuous norm in strongly symmetric spaces of τ -measurable operators. Applications are given to the study of relatively weakly compact and relatively compact sets and to compactness properties of operators dominated in the sense of complete positivity by compact or by Dunford-Pettis operators.


The study of insertion atom–diatom reactions is usually complicated by the existence of deep potential wells between reactants and products. The large number of bound and resonance states to be properly described makes exact quantum mechanical calculations extremely demanding in terms of numerical effort. In this type of collision, the process proceeds via the formation of an intermediate complex of finite lifetime. The application of statistical quantum methods provides a valid alternative to investigate the dynamics of the reaction. In this work, studies performed with a statistical quantum method recently developed by Rackham et al. on a variety of different reactions are extensively reviewed. The overall dynamics of the processes selected to test this statistical model range from complex-forming mechanisms to a competition between insertion and direct abstraction reaction pathways. This review includes studies of X + H2 reactions, where X is one of the following electronically excited non-metallic atoms: C(1 D), N(2 D), O(1 D) or S(1 D). An ion–diatom collision, the H system (with its isotope variants), is also investigated. Finally, results of the statistical study of the H + O2 reaction are discussed. In all cases, comparison with both exact quantum mechanical calculations and experimental measurements shows that the method provides valid and rigorous information about the underlying dynamics of the reactions under study.


TANK‐binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is crucial in producing type Ⅰ interferons (IFN‐Ⅰ) that play critical functions in antiviral innate immunity. The tight regulation of TBK1, especially its activation, is very important. Here we identify NLRC4 as a positive regulator of TBK1. Ectopic expression of NLRC4 facilitates the activation of the IFN‐β promoter, the mRNA levels of IFN‐β, ISG54, and ISG56, and the nuclear translocation of interferon regulatory factor 3 induced by cGAS and STING. Consistently, under herpes simplex virus‐1 (HSV‐1) infection, knockdown or knockout of NLRC4 in BJ cells and primary peritoneal macrophages from Nlrc4‐deficient (Nlrc4−/−) mice show attenuated Ifn‐β, Isg54, and Isg56 mRNA transcription, TBK1 phosphorylation, and augmented viral replications. Moreover, Nlrc4−/− mice show higher mortality upon HSV‐1 infection. Mechanistically, NLRC4 facilitates the interaction between TBK1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase CBL to enhance the K63‐linked polyubiquitination of TBK1. Our study elucidates a previously uncharacterized function for NLRC4 in upregulating the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway and antiviral innate immunity.


Good education is paramount to an apprentice's development. This is why the new hot water gas hut at Holmesglen is crucial for our future plumbers' skillsets and why manufacturers should be involved in helping to build more of these facilities, writes Jonathan Jackson.


ABSTRACT This paper explores what light an examination of the poetry of witness to trauma can shed on the treatment of trauma victims. In particular it looks at how the cultural act of writing poetry can restore a sense of a third to traumatized people. The paper examines in detail: "Dedication" by Czeslaw Milosz. Two aspects of the author's approach to the subject emerge: (1) the author links the details of the trauma experience to details in the non-traumatized world, and (2) the author describes his own limitations and inadequacy as witnesses. A case example is offered of a couple where one partner suffered an extremely traumatic childhood is described. In the end, the therapist and the husband admit their helplessness in the face of the wife's trauma, and this provides a kind of healing.


Shoot tips of Tibouchina urvilleana Cogn. were cultured 4 weeks in vitro in modified Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium supplemented with growth retar- dants: paclobutrazol - 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0 mgdm -3 , flurprimidol - 0.1, 1.0, 5.0 mgdm -3 , chlorocholine chloride (CCC) - 5.0, 50.0, 250.0 mgdm -3 . Explants cultured on the me- dium without growth substances were used as a control. Rooted microcuttings were trans- ferred to the greenhouse and transplanted into a mixture of 1 peat : 1 perlite, where they were grown for 5 weeks. Plants were then cultivated in a peat substrate during another 5 weeks. Acclimatization of rooted shoots in the greenhouse was affective in 92.5-100%. The survival of plants was lowest when microcuttings were previously cultured on me- dium with flurprimidol at 5.0 mgdm -3 . Cultivation of Tibouchina urvilleana shoots in vi- tro on media with various growth retardants had a significant effect on the further growth of plants ex vitro. Paclobutrazol and flurprimidol at 5.0 mgdm -3 inhibited very strong growth of plants after 10 weeks of growth ex vitro.


Amides of cinnamic acid derivatives with 3α-and 3β-cholestanylamines, as well as with 3α-and 3β-amino-(2'-aminoethyl)-cholest-5-en were synthesized using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and 1-hydroxy-benzotriazole as efficient additives. Their structure was determined by UV and 1HNMR . 3β-Amino-(2'-aminoethyl)-cholest-5-en, amides of p-hydroxy-cinnamic acid 4 and 9, and N-cholest-5-en-3α-aminoethyl-di-(3'',-phenyl-trans-2''-propene)-amide 10 showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus


Reghaia town, located in Algiers (North of Algeria), presents a strong anthropogenic activity. The aim of this study is to assess water quality in Reghaia lake basin by determining current status, temporal evolution and apportionment of pollution sources. Three samplings were carried out in fourteen stations covering the lake and its principal tributaries. Sixteen physical-chemical parameters and three microbiological parameters were analyzed. Surface Water Quality Evaluation System (SW-QES) was used to visualize the temporal evolution of available data from 1978 to 2017. Water quality index (WQI) was used to assess the global water quality for irrigation purpose and its spatial variation across the basin. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) international classification and trophic state index (TSI) were used to evaluate trophic category of the lake. Organic pollution index (OPI) and microbiological quality index (MQI) were used to establish pollution maps of the study area. The lake presents excessive pollution since the 1970s. BOD5/COD ratio (0.1) recorded in 2017 indicates a very low biodegradability of Reghaia lake waters. The value of Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment-water quality index (CCME-WQI) (14.31) indicates poor water quality. The values of Weighted arithmetic-water quality index (WA-WQI) are extremely high (>4000) which indicates unsuitable water quality for irrigation purpose. Hypertrophic nature of the Reghaia lake was identified (TSI > 80) and confirmed by the OECD classification. Spatial distribution of pollution indicators shows that Reghaia river and ElBiar river are the most important pollution sources. Calculations of WA-WQI with and without Coliforms indicate that Reghaia river is the most important microbial pollution source. A slight decrease in organic pollution and remarkable improvement in microbiological quality was observed at the outlet of the lake. According to these results, sewage discharged without or with insufficient treatment is the main pollution source of the Reghaia lake which has been a receiving environment for many years and continues to be polluted today and tomorrow If we do not react effectively by stopping the pollution sources.


In this paper, a miniaturized antenna design, which is applicable for handheld devices, is proposed for the 2.4 GHz ISM band uses. The antenna geometry was developed based on the planar inverted-F antenna configuration. Meandered lines and dielectric loading techniques are used to reduce the antenna size. The antenna length is 10 mm, which is only 8% of the wavelength. This miniaturized design is suitable for applications such as WLAN or Bluetooth. According to measurement results, the maximum gain of the proposed antenna is 2 dBi and the radiation efficiency is about 70%, which satisfy commercial use requirements.


With the rapid development of image recognition technology, more and more industries are benefiting from it, and the power industry is no exception. With the empowerment of image recognition technology, it can save human and material resources and improve digitalization. Meanwhile, digital twin technology is also being applied in various traditional industries. Digital twin technology and image recognition technology can promote each other and complement each other to achieve improved quality and efficiency. It is in this context that this paper discusses how image recognition technology and digital twin technology can contribute to the intelligent development of the electric power industry.


Soft landing on the moon is the main target of the second phase of China Lunar Exploration Project. In order to gain guidance accuracy less than 100m, the terrain relative navigation methods should be involved. However the terrain map of lunar with enough resolution will not be available within triennium, the modeling of lunar terrain surface with proposed methods will make the test for TRN methods available instantly. The high-resolution DEMs will be generated from low-resolution data based on a square-square subdivision fractal function. And the lunar impact craters will be added to the model according to the latest database and the statistic results of observation.


The paper starts with an estimation of employment flexibility in industries other than agriculture in China.The data reveal that due to the distribution of employment flexibility,the current economic decrease will strike the second industry in the east and the third industry in the mid-west for two rounds.The year 2009 will witness a severe employment situation even worse than the unemployment crisis in 1998.This round of unemployment is the first wave of unemployment facilitated by the market with the following new characters.Unemployment has moved from within the system to units that are outside the system,even informal ones,with wider spread,more intensified among the lower classes,and bringing harder destruction to people's life.Worse still,the government capacity to maintain control is also largely weakened.This situation requires that the government initiate new measures in coping with the problem of unemployment,such as making use of the functions of positive financial policies.The paper also raises suggestions for policy-making accordingly.


The DFT calculations of the simplified model of the asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction were performed at the M062x/LANL2DZ theory level at first. It was found that enantioselective reactions mediated by the palladium complexes of chiral C,P-ligands follow a four-stage mechanism similar to that proposed previously as one of the most credible mechanisms. It should be underlined that the presence of substituents in the substrates and the chiral ligand at ortho positions determines the energies of possible diastereoisomeric transition states and intermediates in initial reaction steps. This suggests that, in practice, a sharp selection of theoretically possible paths of chirality transfer from the catalyst to the product should have a place and, therefore, the absolute configuration of the formed atropisomeric product is defined and can be predicted.


Objectives To observe the changes of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) during the course of treat -ment for and to evaluate the values of MRI in evaluating prognosis of childhood hepatolenticular degeneration. Methods Seventy patients with Wilson' s disease received routine SE sequence MRI of brain and liver, clinical data were also analyzed. Results A total of 48 patients had abnormal MRI findings of the brain or and liver. Twenty-five of these 48 patients who initially had abnormal MRI findings were followed up by 2 to 4 serial MRI examinations at intervals of 1 ~ 1.5 years. Among 25 patients who had been followed up by MRI, 12 had lesions in both brain and liver, 10 in brain and 3 in liver. There were only slight or no improvement in MRI findings of patients who received inadequate dosage of D-penicillamine or patients who started treatment after fifteen years old or who had disease over five years before treatment. Abnormal MRI findings showed again two months later after treatment stopped, meanwhile patients presented obvious neural symptoms and signs. However patients of liver type may have normal liver function without clinical symptoms. Abnormalities of clinical presentations and MRI findings of 25 patients disappeared or decreased after appropriate treatments over one year and all went back to study and work, while slow improvement and recrudescence were seen in patients who had inappropriate treatment. Conclusions Hepatic and brain lesions shown in MRI gradually improved or disappeared after appropriate treatment. Patients received inappropriate treatments had neither clinical improvement nor better changes of their MRI. MRI was helpful in evaluating the prognosis of Wilson' s disease.


Small intestine malignancies are a rare entity with a global incidence of 0.3–1.5 cases per 100,000 population with a higher prevalence in the Black population than Whites [1]. The four most common tumors of the small intestine are adenocarcinomas (30–40%), neuroendocrine tumors (35–42%), lymphomas (15–20%), and stromal tumors (10–15%) [2]. They usually present in the 6th decade of life. The modifiable risk factors for the small intestine adenocarcinoma are obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Other non-modifiable factors include Crohn's disease, coeliac disease, adenoma of the small bowel, familial adenomatous polyposis, and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome. Small intestine adenocarcinomas are generally diagnosed at later stages due to non-specific presenting features and lack of any screening test [2,3]. We here discuss a rare case of jejunal adenocarcinoma presented with acute onset of vomiting.


Reversed phase-HPLC (RP-HPLC) of caseinomacropeptide (CMP) was used for the detection of bovine milk in caprine milk after treatment with rennet. Caprine and bovine milk mixtures were heated in two different ways (73 °C for 15 s and 85 °C for 3 min). Caprine and bovine CMPs were well resolved from each other by RP-HPLC analyses of fractions soluble at pH 4.4. In the caprine milk profile, there was an interfering peak with characteristics similar to that of bovine CMP. However, bovine CMP peak area and height expressed relatively to those of caprine CMP allowed the detection of 2.5% added bovine milk. The estimated percentages were significantly linearly correlated with bovine milk percentages. The intensity of heat treatment did not significantly affect the results.


A prepreg with a low dielectric constant of 2.8 has been developed from polyimide resin and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) cloth. It is established that this prepreg, which features excellent dimensional stability, is easily processed into multilayer PCBs (printed circuit boards) with conventional methods and equipment. Higher processing speed and higher wiring density can be realized with these materials by applying a conventional multilamination process. It is concluded that multilayer PCBs from this prepreg will provide high-performance substrates for high-speed computers.<<ETX>>


Current fleet assignment models allow no variability in the scheduled departure time of flights even though exploiting this variability can result in more flight connection opportunities and a more cost effective fleet assignment. We present a generalized model that exploits this variability, simultaneously assigning aircraft types to flights and scheduling flight departures. We model this problem as a simple variant to current fleet assignment models, assigning a time window to each flight and then discretizing each window, allowing the model to select the departure time. As problem size can become formidable, much larger than current fleet assignment models, we develop two algorithmic approaches for solving the model. Our direct solution approach is good for speed and simplicity, while our iterative technique minimizes memory usage. Using data from a major U.S. airline. we show that our model can solve real, large-scale problems, and we evaluate the effects of schedule flexibility. In every test scenario, the model produces a fleet assignment with significantly lower costs than the basic model, and in a separate analysis, the model is used to tighten the schedule, potentially saving aircraft. Thesis Supervisor: Cynthia Barnhart Title: Associate Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering


The ethnobotanical data obtained from the survey of Azamgarh district and its adjacent districts of eastern U.P. reveals some important information regarding the medicinal use of different plant parts belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. In this study 18 plant species of Euphorbiaceae were found effective in curing some common human diseases. Mode of application of these has been provided in most of the cases. The study highlights how the tribal peoples developed the art of treatment through the use of different parts of different plants as drugs and they still use them to cure their diseases.


The synthesis and characterization of the cis bifunctional coordinated ruthenium(II) complexes β-[Ru(azpy)2(MeIm)2](PF6)2 (β-MeIm) and β-[Ru(azpy)2(MeBim)2](PF6)2 (β-MeBim) (azpy = 2-phenylazopyridine, MeIm = 1-methylimidazole and MeBim = 1-methylbenzimidazole) is reported. In β-MeIm the two MeIm ligands can both freely rotate around the Ru−N axes on the NMR timescale. In β-MeBim the two MeBim ligands appear restricted in their rotation around the Ru−N axes, which becomes slow on the NMR timescale at low temperatures. In contrast to the analogous complexes α-[Ru(azpy)2(MeBim)2](PF6)2 and cis-[Ru(bpy)2(MeBim)2](PF6)2, only one atropisomer is observed for the two MeBim ligands in β-MeBim. The orientation of the MeBim ligands appears to correspond to an HT isomer which is similar to the orientation of the MeBim ligands in the most abundant atropisomer found in the related α-[Ru(azpy)2(MeBim)2](PF6)2. A stacking interaction between the phenyl ring of one azpy and one MeBim ligand is likely to stabilize the observed atropisomer of β-MeBim, and is such that the rotation of the phenyl ring of one of the two azpy ligands is restricted. At very low temperatures this rotation, or flipping of the phenyl ring between two identical positions, is in the slow-exchange range on the NMR timescale. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)


De Gaulle's contempt for political parties is well known. He despises them for dividing the nation, for neglecting the affairs of France while they played their complex game of politics, for being shortsighted and small-minded as they preoccupied themselves with contemporary problems. He blames them for France's unpreparedness for war in 1939 and for going along with the Vichy government. To overcome this fractiousness de Gaulle considers that the state needs authority and continuity an observation that is both obvious and appropriate on the one hand, and consistent with his monarchist upbringing and early Maurrassian ideas, on the other. However, it is not enough to condemn the parties. They were numerous and unwilling to compromise and co-operate because the nation was similarly divided. And for democratic governments to function in a modern state political parties are obviously necessary. What then is de Gaulle's remedy for this seemingly insoluble situation? He gave his answer in his famous Bayeux speech of June 1947:


In this paper, an approximation-based robust adaptive tracking control is developed for a class of uncertain multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems with unknown disturbances and input saturation. Radial basis function neural networks (RBFNNs) are used to approximate the function uncertainties of MIMO nonlinear systems. An auxiliary design system is introduced to analyze the constraint effect of the input saturation and its states are used to design tracking control scheme. In the proposed tracking control, the nonsingular assumption of neural network (NN) approximation of completely unknown control coefficient matrix and boundary restriction between NN approximation error and control input are eliminated for uncertain MIMO nonlinear systems. Rigorous stability analysis shows that semiglobal uniform boundedness of all signals is guaranteed by appropriately choosing design parameters.


We give a simple combinatorial proof of the toric version of Mori's theorem that the only $n$-dimensional smooth projective varieties with ample tangent bundle are the projective spaces $\mathbb{P}^n$.


Abstract It is sometimes assumed in research on language complexity that if languages tended towards some optimal level of global complexity, so that all languages would be roughly equally complex, then local complexity trade-offs should be a general principle in language. Drawing evidence from computer simulations I show that in equally complex systems the proportion of trade-offs (significant negative correlations) is higher than in random systems but far from being a general principle in language. In addition, it may be impossible to determine whether a certain correlation-set comes from random systems or equally complex systems. Based on these results a correlational approach on a handful of typological variables cannot be used to validate, or even falsify, the assumption that all languages are equally complex and, therefore, complexity trade-offs should be kept separate from that assumption. The typological distribution of complexity, drawn from the World Atlas of Language Structures, is further shown to differ from both random systems and equally complex systems.


Orientation and research purpose: Employee turnover is a complex phenomenon that has negative consequences for organisations. The purpose of this study was to measure the correlation between transformational leadership style and turnover intention to control the employee turnover rate in organisations. Research method: This study utilised a two-stage clustering method and web-based survey research with a correlational design to collect the data. A total of 356 responses were collected from 14 clusters in Southern California; however, the final selected data for analysis came from 210 subjects with a cluster-sampling design of (14 × 15). Main findings and managerial implications: This study concluded that the transformational leadership style has a negative correlation with turnover intention. Managers who adopt this style of leadership can expect lower rates of turnover; thus, they can stay competitive in an unstable economy and achieve enhanced productivity, improved performance and reduction in expenses.


The usual method of producing uranium slugs for the reaction pile is to cast the metal into billets which are extruded into rod about 1.45 inches in diameter. Slugs are then machined from this to the final size of 1.359 inches in diameter by 8 inches long. Extrusion is done in the gamma range at a temperature of about 1000 C, where the metal is soft enough to be extruded at relatively low pressures. This operation is difficult and expensive and the product is not entirely satisfactory. The billets must be protected from oxidation during heating and extruding and the extruded rod must likewise be protected during cooling. Loss of metal due to oxidation is appreciable and a relatively large amount of scrap is produced. The production of dies suitable for use at the high temperatures involved is troublesome. The extruded rod must be straightened before machining and frequently contains stringers of oxide and voids or other internal defects.


Two interacting supersonic water jets and collisions of a water jet with an aluminum target are studied experimentally and by hydrodynamic simulations. Supersonic water jets form, when shocks generated by underwater electrical explosions of conical wire arrays converge. The arrays are supplied by a ∼250 kA, ∼1 μs rise time current pulse. Underwater explosion of two conical arrays placed face to face produces jets propagating in air with velocities of ∼[Formula: see text] m/s leading to hot plasma formation at a temperature of ∼2200–3000 K, pressure ∼[Formula: see text] Pa, and density >[Formula: see text] m−3. When a single array explodes underwater in front of an aluminum target, the collision of the jet with the target produces a local pressure of ∼[Formula: see text] Pa on the surface of the target.


Multilayered inorganic−organic hybrids were prepared by cohydrolysis and polycondensation of alkyltriethoxysilanes (CnTES, n = 8−18) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Thin films were deposited from homogeneous solutions containing the oligomeric species by dip-coating. Self-assembly of co-condensed oligomers into lamellar structures depended essentially on the alkyl chain length of CnTES and the temperature of the solutions. By controlling the solution temperature during the dip-coating process, transparent and highly ordered films were formed from the mixtures of TEOS and CnTES with various alkyl chain lengths. The resulting hybrid materials were structurally different from those derived from CnTES alone and exhibited various interlayer structures depending on the alkyl chain length, which is due to the differences in the arrangements and conformations of the chains.


The Indiana University Cyclotron Facility (IUCF) is in the process of commissioning a new synchrotron that is designed to rapidly accumulate, accelerate and inject beam into the IUCF Cooler ring. The Cooler Injector Synchrotron (CIS) is filled by the strip injection of 7 MeV negative ions that were pre-accelerated by an RFQ-DTL linear accelerator. This pre-accelerator has an acceptance of 1.0 π mm mrad normalized with an injection energy of 25 keV. The injected beam should be pulsed with a maximum repetition rate of 5 Hz, have a maximum pulse width of 300 μs and a peak beam current that exceeds 300 μA. Beam commissioning will be complete by the fall of 1998 at which time CIS will be used exclusively to fill the Cooler ring with both unpolarized and polarized beams. A pulsed source of polarized negative hydrogen and deuterium ions is under construction at IUCF. The source will consist of a pulsed atomic beam which is ionized by the resonant charge exchange method. Progress in the design and construction of...


In this study the optimization of plate-fin type heat sink with vortex generator for thermal stability is conducted numerically. To acquire the optimal design variables, the CFD and mathematical optimization are integrated. The flow and thermal fields are predicted using the finite volume method. The optimization is carried out by means of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) method. The results show that when the temperature rise is less than 40 K, the optimal design variables are as follows; B₁ = 2.584 ㎜, B₂ = 1.741 ㎜, and t = 7.914 ㎜. Comparing with the initial design, the temperature rise is reduced by 4.2 K, while the pressure drop is increased by 9.43 ㎩. The pareto optimal solutions are also presented between the pressure drop and the temperature rise.


(57) Abstract: transmission in cell-based switch of user cells which can include data bits different number is synchronized. Transmission is between functional entities are each provided with a link control functions including the functions for starting and controlling the transmission of data on the link by the synchronization cells exchanged between the link control functions performed via a two-way link. Exchange of sync cells are controlled by the synchronization state machine having three states (304, 308, 312). In HUNT state (312), the link control function checks synchronization cell input from the link in order to establish whether they match a predetermined pattern for sync cells. In PRESYNC state (304) that begins after sync cells containing the predetermined pattern is found in HUNT state, the link control function is continuous is then input a predetermined number in order to establish whether it contains a prescribed pattern examine the synchronous cell. If this is the case, the control process returns to the HUNT state. In SYNC state (308) that begins after a predetermined number of sync cells containing the predetermined pattern is found in PRESYNC state, transfer of data on the link while monitoring the data on faults is acceptable. If a fault is found, the control process begins again at HUNT state.


The ARC Echelle Spectroscopic Observation Pipeline, or aesop, is a high resolution spectroscopy software toolkit tailored for observations from the Astrophysics Research Consortium (ARC) Echelle Spectrograph mounted on the ARC 3.5 m Telescope at Apache Point Observatory. aesop picks up where the traditional IRAF reduction scripts leave off, offering an open development, object-oriented Pythonic analysis framework for echelle spectra.