The mushroom Volvariella volvacea, growing on dead palm trees, is attacked by pests that cause more or less important damages making them unmarketable. This study was performed in order to explore and identify these pests and to determine the extent of damages caused by them. Mushrooms harvested from dead palm trees and those sampled in the markets have permitted the determination of these pests and the assessment of the damages caused by them. Three kinds of pests were identified for the mushrooms harvested from the dead palm trees as well as for the mushrooms sampled in the markets. Those are: larvae of lepidoptera, maggots of flies and millipedes. The larvae of lepidoptera mainly attack the caps of the mushrooms. The damages consisted of bite marks (15% of cases), perforations (50% of cases) or destruction of more than half of the mushrooms (35% of cases). Myriapods are found mainly in the mushroom feet. They perforate and lodge there. Maggots of flies mainly attack mushrooms' buttons or eggs at early stages. Their action usually stops development of the mushroom's cap, foot and volva. Signs of pest attacks were observed on mushrooms harvested from the dead palm trees (39.29%) and sampled in the markets (40.88%). Maggots of flies, larvae of lepidoptera and millipedes cause respectively 10.27%, 4.6% and 0.91% losses of mushrooms harvested from the dead palm trees. For mushrooms sampled in markets, attacks of maggots, larvae and millipedes cause respectively 7.56%, 23.53% and 11.20% losses.


The final spin state of the recoil nucleus 10Be [14390-89-7] in the process 10B(I³,I�+)10Be was examd. The polarization parameters were obtained from the redn. factors. [on SciFinder(R)]


We report a Monte Carlo study of the hysteretic behavior of the site-diluted Ising antiferromagnet on a simple-cubic lattice. States found by reducing the magnetic field from an initial value in the paramagnetic phase show no long-range antiferromagnetic order, whereas states found by increasing the magnetic field from an initially ordered state do show long-range order until the field is increased to a critical value. These ''increasing-field'' states are presumably nearly representative of true thermodynamic equilibrium. This hysteretic behavior is due to metastable interfaces which are formed when the field is decreased from the paramagnetic phase. To see the physical origin of the formation of the metastable interfaces, we do computer experiments for the dynamics of initially flat interfaces with and without uniform applied fields. From this result, we show that metastable interfaces are formed, because even a small uniform applied field roughens the interface.


In this text the editors provide a review of trends in reconstructive surgery of the lower urinary tract in children, concentrating on diagnosis, pathophysiology, aetiology and practical operative procedures."


The optimal power flow (OPF) is a non-linear and non-convex problem that seeks the optimization of a power system operation point to minimize the total generation cost or transmission loss. In this paper, an optimal power flow formulation for radial networks is proposed from the bus injection model. By inducing the branch variables in the model, the relaxation is based on, instead of a big network structure, small branch matrices. Through two steps, it transforms the quartic and non-convex constraints into some linear equations and convexifies the other constraints which cannot be linearized. In the first step, we focus on the equation constraints and reformulate the equations with branch variables. In the second step, we apply SOCP relaxations to inequality constraints. This way, the OPF problem is a convex optimization problem that the local optimum solution is the global optimum solution. The relaxation is tight and equals to the former OPF problem in the radial network in the case study with the standard IEEE benchmark systems. By comparing the simulating time, we find this method calculates faster than OPF with SDP relaxation method.


Target tracking performance of surface particle target tracking system for position measurement of traditional two-dimensional coordinates is hardly improved on condition that no extra prior information is added.Based on engineering application,a ship was modeled as an elliptical target by considering the dimensions of the surface target,and the shape parameters of elliptical target were attained by a mature image processing technology.Meanwhile,an algorithm for estimating the motion parameters of elliptical target based on nonlinear measurements was presented;and the Cramer-Rao low bound(CRLB) of motion parameter estimation was analyzed for the different parameters of target shape.Simulation analysis and preliminary results show that the elliptical target tracking is feasible,the elliptical target tracking system converges faster than the particle one,and the accuracy of motion parameter estimation of the elliptical target system is higher than that of the particle system.


The article was prepared based on the results of an independent examination of the draft law of the city of Moscow "On the budget of the city of Moscow for 2020 and the planning period 2021 and 2022". The purpose of the article is to justify the feasibility of the ongoing debt policy of the city. The article analyzes Art. 1, Art. 4 and Art. 15 draft law. The author formulates conclusions relating to the structure of sources of financing the budget deficit of the city; structural parameters of public debt; the reasons for reducing the budget deficit of the subject, etc.
The analysis of the size of the public debt of the city of Moscow, changes in the share of public debt in GRP, the structure of public debt, external and internal borrowings of the city of Moscow, etc. Based on the analysis, a conclusion is formulated on a well-conducted debt policy and high debt sustainability of the subject of the Russian Federation. The draft budget of the city of Moscow for 2020 and the planning period 2021 and 2022 correspond to the requirements of the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, the laws of the city of Moscow and strategic planning documents at the federal and regional levels.


The mobile devices that exist today make use of the wireless infrastructure to access Internet services provided by application providers. This architecture is inefficient in many situations. So here in this paper we discuss about human network (HUNET), a network architecture allows information sharing between mobile devices through direct inter device communication. B-SUB is an interest-driven information sharing system for HUNETs. In B-SUB, the user describes the content and user interests in the form of tags. These tags are human-readable strings. The tag-based content description method is found to be very effective. To facilitate efficient data dissemination, Temporal Counting Bloom filter (TCBF) is used that encodes tags, which also reduces the overhead of content routing. Theoretical analyses on B-SUB are presented and verified B-SUB works efficiently under various network topological conditions.


A number of 22 polyheteroarylenes including 18 polyimides, divided in five series, were studied with regard to the dependence of permeability, diffusion and solubility coefficients of gases on the reverse value of fractional accessible volume. It was shown that all these dependences are linear in semilogarithmic coordinates. Thus, the overal selectivity, which is determined by the slope of these dependences, is correlated with the free volume in each series of polymers. The introduction of volumetric bridging groups into the diamine component with the possibility of rotation around bonds with the polymer backbone near the bridge leads to an increase in the overall selectivity of permeability, diffusion and solubility of the polymer at sufficiently high values of the permeability, diffusion and solubility coefficients.


This study focuses on the container slot allocation problem with the mixed storage mode.To assign containers to the optimum positions of the loading yards,the optimized allocation aims at reducing the container relocation rate and enhancing the loading efficiency.The inner-relationship between container types and the relocation operation are examined in this paper.The containers' processing priority is defined according to rolling plan and rules of mixed storage yards.The container slot allocation model is then developed to minimize the newly-added numbers of those stacked containers.The heuristic algorithm is adopted to solve this model based on the characteristics of this kind of problem.The experiment shows that the optimization model and algorithm are more effective than the current original storage planning in container yards.


The paper focuses on the optimization of containers pre- and end-haulage by road in intermodal terminals, which is one of the most critical factors in door to door transport effectiveness and profit. We present an optimization model that allows solving in an exact and optimal way the vehicle routing and fleet management problems. The model comprises two steps: first it optimizes the distance traveled by road, enabling to match a delivery with a pick up; the second step is devoted to minimizing the number of vehicles required for the deliveries, while satisfying the routes obtained from the previous step. The proposed optimization model is applied to a real case study to test its effectiveness.


In an industrial environment, object detection is a challenging task due to the absence of real images and real-time requirements for the object detector, usually embedded in a mobile device. Using 3D models, it is however possible to create a synthetic dataset to train a neural network, although the performance on real images is limited by the domain gap. In this paper, we study the performance of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designed to detect objects in real-time: Single-Shot Detector (SSD) with a MobileNet backbone. We train SSD with synthetic images only, and apply extensive data augmentation to reduce the domain gap between synthetic and real images. On the T-LESS dataset, SSD performs better than Mask R-CNN trained on the same synthetic images, with MobileNet-V2 and MobileNet-V3 Large as backbone. Our results also show the huge improvement enabled by an adequate augmentation strategy.


Epidermolysis bullosa simplex with circinate migratory erythema (EBS-migr) is a basal subtype of epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS, see this term) characterized by belt-like areas of erythema with multiple vesicles and small blisters at the advancing edge of erythema.


THE WORKING LIVES of thousands ofNHS nurses could be affected by achange in the law this year. The Human Rights Act will make it easier for UK citizens to challenge the NHS on issuessuch as cancelled operations and 'do notresuscitate' orders on the grounds that theirhuman rights are being infringed.


The Morscher Cup is an acetabular component that was popular in the Bay of Plenty Region in the early 1990's. It is an implant for which there are limited follow up results published in the international literature. Concerns have been raised that in some centres there has been marked, ballooning acetabular bone damage or osteolysis and that the implant may be associated with a higher dislocation rate. This paper will present the 13 – 15 year follow up in patients from Tauranga. Ethical approval was gained from the Northern Region Y Ethics Committee. Patients who had had a Morscher Cup acetabular component in Tauranga from January 1992 until December 1994 were identified using the Bay of Plenty District Health Board NHI coding system and hospital logbooks. They were then invited to take part in the research which involved completion of WOMAC, Oxford hip score and SF 12 questionnaires, clinical review and an X-ray. Of 81 patients with 91 Morscher Cup acetabular components implanted during the study period 62 patients with 70 Morscher Cup acetabular components were eligible for the study. Of these, 46 patients were available for clinical review, the remainder of the patients having passed away prior to final follow up. The average age at time of surgery for patients available for final follow up was 58 years. The average length of follow up was 13.7 years. The average Oxford hip score and WOMAC were 34.8 and 17.8 respectively. The average SF-12 PH was 40.9 and the average SF-12 MH was 54.8. The Morscher Cup is an acetabular component that is still commonly used in New Zealand. The 13 –15 year results indicate that patients in this study are satisfied with their implant, but there is a lack of published data to compare them to other patient groups who have had a Morscher Cup acetabular component.


Symmetries and statistical properties are strongly connected in nuclei. Statistical distributions can provide information about the underlying character of nuclei.One of the clear examples of the relation between symmetry and statistical behavior is the large enhancements of parity violation in neutron resonances. The underlying character of nuclear properties could be provided from statistical distributions. It was found for electromagnetic transitions that the symmetry breaking changes the transition distribution from the standard Porter-Thomas distribution to another one. It was also found that a small symmetry breaking can have a large effect on the eign value distribution, and can change the statistical distribution of electromagnetic transitions. Electromagnetic transition distributions and nuclear level statistics have been used successfully to provide unique tests of predictions of random matrix theory.


countable to the listeners and members of the station. Though, in all fairness, implementing democracy in the station's professional staff would entail a revolutionary change in station culture. The last portion of Air Wars is dedicated to identifying other efforts waged by community activists to reform their public broadcasters and outlining his plan to recapture public broadcasting to serve the true public interest. Starr's plan is anchored on "restructuring the system as an independently funded public trust" (p. 275), buffered by reducing the control that "corporations, state politicians and wealthy contributors" (p. 279) have over public broadcasting. Without a doubt these are laudable and necessary goals, but unfortunately, Starr does not provide clearer details on the concrete steps that might achieve this. In trying to cover so many bases Starr could be accused of attempting overachievement. But that does not detract from the fundamental usefulness of this book as both an inspiration and guidebook for action. Starr resolves that "we ourselves must first become a public for public broadcasting" (p. 285) and with Air Wars he has demonstrated plainly that it is both necessary and possible.


A new objective routine for the identification of individual blocking events has been developed which is applicable to data sets of different horizontal resolution. It is based on the 500 hPa geopotential height anomalies with respect to a mean seasonal cycle. Three features of blocking are checked with this method: the intensity of the anomaly exceeding some threshold, a certain extension prescribed by a peripheral value of geopotential height, and a duration of at least 5 days. The routine is applied to ECMWF analyses and to climate simulations of the Northern Hemisphere, which were performed with the atmosphere model ECHAM3. In winter, the blocking statistics derived from the observations are in accord with the results of other identification techniques. In other seasons the differences are larger due to a different definition of blocking. It is shown that the model ECHAM3 simulates the observed two-dimensional frequency distribution of blocking events quite realistically. DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0870.1995.t01-3-00003.x


Corrosion behavior of (Zr51.6Cu48.4)93Al7 bulk metallic glass in 3 M HCl, 3M H2SO4, 3M HNO3, 3M NaOH and 3.5 mass%(0.6M)NaCl solutions was studied by immersion test and electrochemical measurements. The bulk metallic glass was spontaneously passivated in the acids,alkali and brine, although it exhibits distinct spontaneous passivation with high passive current density in the Cl-containing solutions. The immersion test indicated, except for 3 M HCl solution, low corrosion rates of the order of 10-2 mm/year for (Zr51.6Cu48.4)93Al7 bulk metallic glass in the other solutions, The quantitative X-ray energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS) analysis revealed that the high corrosion resistance of the bulk metallic glass was due to the formation of aluminium and zirconium-enriched passive film. Corrosion products were mainly copper chloride and oxides in the Cl-containing solutions . The growth mechanism of the passive film is also discussed.


In the most recent epidemic of cholera in Latin America, nearly a million cases were reported and almost 9000 people died between January 1991 and December 1993. The epidemic spread rapidly from country to country, affecting in three years all the countries of Latin America except Uruguay and the Caribbean. Case-control studies carried out in Peru showed a significant association between drinking water and risk of disease. Cholera was associated with the consumption of unwashed fruit and vegetables, with eating food from street vendors and with contaminated crabmeat transported in travellers' luggage. This article documents the spread of the epidemic and its routes of transmission and discusses whether the introduction of the epidemic to Peru and its subsequent spread throughout the continent could have been prevented. PIP: Latin America's first cholera epidemic this century struck along the Peruvian coast in January 1991. Rapid and intense surveillance could not stop it from crossing Peru's borders. Public health interventions did keep the case fatality rate low (0.92%), however. Cholera first spread to Ecuador, then Colombia. By the end of 1993, all countries of Latin America except Uruguay and the Caribbean reported cholera cases. The greatest proportion of cholera cases and the highest incidence rate were in Peru (63.7% and 26.9/1000, respectively). Most cholera cases were reported in 1991 and were concentrated in Peru (82.3%). 45.5% of all cholera deaths occurred in 1991. Central America had the highest case fatality rates. The routes of transmission of Vibrio cholerae in this Latin America cholera epidemic included unwashed fruit and vegetables, contaminated food and ice from street vendors, contaminated drinking water, and contaminated crab meat transported in luggage. The source of the epidemic in Peru has not been identified. Peru had in place an extensive oral rehydration therapy program, an epidemic field investigation service, and laboratory resources. Most Latin American countries, particularly in rural areas and the outskirts of big cities, lack water supply and basic sanitation. Untreated waste water is discharged into rivers and the ocean. Inadequate sanitation facilities and the use of inadequately treated water are likely responsible for the spread of the cholera epidemic in Latin America.


The mechanisms by which leptospires caused disease are not well understood. A number of putative virulence factors have been suggested, but with few exceptions their role in pathogenesis remains unclear. In these days, many cases of leptospirosis are diagnosed by serological immunoassay. Leptospirosis is characterized by the histopathology of liver, kidney, heart, and lung, but the electrophoresis fractions of serum protein are not compared. We analyzed total protein, albumin, aspartic aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphotase (ALP), creatinine and urea nitrogen (UN) in sera of patients diagnosed leptospirosis. Total protein and albumin were decreased in 18.5% and 31.2% of patients, respectively. AST, ALT, ALP, UN and creatinine were increased in 90.4%, 66.9%, 28.0%, 15.9% and 10.8% of patients, respectively. We performed cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis (EP) on sera of patients increased both of AST and ALT, and of patients increased both of creatinine and UN. In patients increased both of AST and ALT, and in patients increased both of AST and ALT, the relative percentage of albumin to total protein in patient serum was dcreased in 89.1% of patients. α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin were increased in 85.1%, 75.2%, 33.6% and 98.0% of patients, respectively. In patients increased both of creatinine and UN, the relative percentage of albumin to total protein in patient serum was dcreased in 93.8% of patients. α₁-globulin, α₂-globulin, β-globulin and γ-globulin were increased in 87.5%, 100%, 31.2% and 93.8% of patients, respectively. These data indicate that infection of Leptospira causes severe liver damage to most of leptospirosis patients, but doesn't cause renal damage to most of them. The relative rate of serum protein electrophoresis fractions to total protein are not identical with them of typical hepatitis patient.


Continued scaling of device dimensions and operating volta ge reduces the critical charge and thus natural noise tolerance level of transistor . As a result, circuits can produce transient upsets that corrupt program execution and da ta. To prevent operational failure due to these errors, system-level techniques such as red undant execution will increasingly be required for fault detection and tolerance in futur e p ocessors. The increasing prevalence of multi-core architectures makes coarse-grai n thread level redundancy (TLR) – a redundant execution paradigm where duplicate copies of t he same thread are executed concurrently either on the same processor or on separate pro c ss rs – very attractive. In this dissertation, we introduce a highly decoupled threa d level redundant (TLR) architecture that provides a very high level of error covera g without unduly impacting performance for both parallel and single threaded workload s. One of our main design goals is to support a large number of unverified instructions , so that long latencies in verification can easily be tolerated. Supporting a large slack b etween execution and verification also provides the flexibility required to execute the du plicate thread in a low-power mode to reduce the energy overhead of redundancy. Another im portant objective is to have comprehensive coverage that includes not only the comp utation logic but also the coherence and consistency logic in the memory subsystem. He nce, the redundant copy of the program needs to independently access the memory and the system needs to efficiently manage the non-determinism in parallel execution. Buffering a large number of unverified stores presents a micr oar hitectural challenge as the access latency of a naive store buffer increases signi ficantly with size. We overcome this challenge by introducing a novel store buffering schem e where most of the slow buffer searches are filtered by the L1 cache, thus giving us the capac ity without the performance overhead. To manage the non-determinism in parallel execut ion we propose novel memory access order tracking and enforcement algorithms that r equire simple, light-weight architectural support. The proposed architectural suppor t to mitigate the challenges is


The invention relates to an anticorrosion superheater which is used in garbage burning waste heat boiler, which comprises a waste incinerator body, a waste heat boiler and a panel-type superheater; the upper end of the waste incinerator body is connected with the waste heat boiler; the panel superheater is arranged inside the hearth of the waste heat boiler, or the hearth of a second passage boiler; a high-temperature corrosion proof coating layer is covered at the surface of the panel superheater. The waste incinerator is composed of a furnace body and a blast apparatus; a rubbish feed opening is arranged at one end of the furnace body; a dust outlet is positioned at the other end of the furnace body; a grate is arranged among the inner of furnace body, a rubbish receiving opening and the dust outlet; a flue gas outlet is arranged at the upper end of the furnace body; the waste heat boiler is connected with the flue gas outlet. The anticorrosion superheater utilizes that the panel superheater of the waste heat boiler to obtain heat energy from the smoke flue of the waste incinerator, and a high-temperature coating layer is covered at the surface of the panel superheater, so the panel superheater can be prevented from being destroyed by corrosive gas in high temperature. The anticorrosion superheater has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, being used by matching with the prior standard steam turbine unit and high efficiency of power generation.


Doping is the greatest danger threatening sport and a direct attack on the health of athletes, the president of International Olympic Committee (IOC) says. Dr. Jacques Rogge, an orthopedic surgeon from Belgium, says it's time for the sports community to "wake up to this terrible danger."

To


Originally published in: Protein Folding Handbook. Part I. Edited by Johannes Buchner and Thomas Kiefhaber. Copyright © 2005 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA Weinheim. Print ISBN: 3-527-30784-2

The sections in this article are

Introduction
Basic Aspects of Phase Diagrams of Proteins and Early Experiments
Thermodynamics of Pressure–Temperature Phase Diagrams
Measuring Phase Stability Boundaries with Optical Techniques
Fluorescence Experiments with Cytochrome c
Results

What Do We Learn from the Stability Diagram?
Thermodynamics
Determination of the Equilibrium Constant of Denaturation
Microscopic Aspects
Structural Features of the Pressure-denatured State

Conclusions and Outlook
Acknowledgment

Keywords:

phase diagram;
protein stability;
pressure denaturation;
cytochrome c


The author problem of Dream of Red Mansions has always been an important research topic of the academia. It has been basically a conclusion at present, that's, the author of the first eighty of Dream of Red Mansions and the author of the latter forty are not the same person. In this paper, we want to use the computer science method and statistics to analyze the lexical features and syntactic structure of the first eighty and the latter forty of Dream of Red Mansions so as to explore the difference of language style, and the lexical features includes poems and idioms. From the analysis results, we find there are indeed differences in the lexical features and syntactic structures of the first eighty and the latter forty of Dream of Red Mansions, which not only corroborates the basic conclusion of the academia but also opens up a new perspective to research Dream of Red Mansions from the computer science.


Since 1991, over half the states have enacted laws that restrict or prohibit insurers' use of genetic information in pricing, issuing, or structuring health insurance. Wisconsin was the first state to do so, in 1991, followed by Ohio in 1993, California and Colorado in 1994, and then several more states a year in each of the next five years. Similar legislation has been pending in Congress for several years. Also, a 1996 federal law known as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) prohibits group health insurers from applying "preexisting condition" exclusions to genetic conditions that are indicated solely by genetic tests and not by any actual symptoms.


This Atlas presents a series of forty-six maps recording processional routes. It deals with seven events and puts on view seven territories and sacred places in the region of Tainan. This new study of processions based on cartographic material constitutes an original entry into the understanding of Taiwan's cultural space, popular religion, as well as local history.


This paper presents the idea of a combined analysis of long-term power quality data using cluster analysis (CA) and global power quality indices (GPQIs). The aim of the proposed method is to obtain a solution for the automatic identification and assessment of different power quality condition levels that may be caused by different working conditions of an observed electrical power network (EPN). CA is used for identifying the period when the power quality data represents a different level. GPQIs are proposed to calculate a simplified assessment of the power quality condition of the data collected using CA. Two proposed global power quality indices have been introduced for this purpose, one for 10-min aggregated data and the other for events—the aggregated data index (ADI) and the flagged data index (FDI), respectively. In order to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method, several investigations were performed, using real measurements in an electrical power network with distributed generation (DG) supplying the copper mining industry. The investigations assessed the proposed method, examining whether it could identify the impact of DG and other network working conditions on power quality level conditions. The obtained results indicate that the proposed method is a suitable tool for quick comparison between data collected in the identified clusters. Additionally, the proposed method is implemented for the data collected from many measurement points belonging to the observed area of an EPN in a simultaneous and synchronous way. Thus, the proposed method can also be considered for power quality assessment and is an alternative approach to the classic multiparameter analysis of power quality data addressed to particular measurement points.


The topicalityof the publication is basedto the need to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of monetary and fiscal policy interconnections (as a combination of budgetary, fiscal and debt policies), as well as their combined impact on financial stability. Today, this is one of the most pressing challenges faced by the society and the Government of Ukraine, since, public authorities do not always effectively calculate the mutual effects of their own policies. The article is aimed to identifying the main issues and weaknesses in the implementation of monetary and fiscal policies, their interconnection and the impact on ensuring financial stability, as well as the development recommendations for their coordination. It is established that the shortcomings in the cooperation between the Ministry of Finance and the National Bank (NBU) in terms of developing approaches to their own policies and the possible consequences of their impact on the financial stability and development of the economy as a whole have led to the need to revise the State Budget of Ukraine for 2019, and posed additional risks in the implementation of economic policies and in ensuring financial stability. The main issues are: the focus on the 'narrow-profile' and short-term issues of fiscal and monetary policies that lead to imbalances in the future, and the shortcomings in the prediction of individual macro indicators and factors  having direct impact on them, that leads to the inaccurate prediction of budget revenues and expenitures. It is proposed to improve the approaches to ensuring cooperation between the NBU and the Ministry of Finance in terms of calculating the possible consequences of monetary and fiscal policy, taking into account their impact on the financial stability in the country, practical risk assessment and prompt development of proposals for their minimization, reformatting the work of the Council on financial stability ets.The risks in the process of implementation of fiscal and monetary policy, that were identified, and the steps to prevent them, that were determined, will have a positive impact on ensuring financial stability.


Flame stabilization in a swirl-stabilized combustor occurs in an aerodynamically generated recirculation region which is a result of vortex breakdown. The characteristics of the recirculating flow are dependent on the swirl number and on axial pressure gradients. Coupling to downstream pressure pulsations is also possible. In order to fix the position of the recirculation zone, an extended fuel lance was inserted into the burner. An additional benefit of the extended lance was to enable secondary fuel injection directly into the recirculation zone where the flame is stabilized. Tests were conducted with and without secondary fuel injection. The measurements included optimization of the location of the extended lance in the mixing chamber and variation of the amount of secondary fuel injection at different equivalence ratios and output powers. Flow visualizations showed that stabilization of the recirculation zone was achieved. The effect of the extended lance on pressure and heat release oscillations and on emissions of NOx , UHC and CO was investigated. The results were confirmed in high pressure single burner pressure tests and in a full scale land-based test gas-turbine. The lance has been successfully implemented in engines with sufficient stability margins and good operational flexibility. This paper shows the careful development process from lab scale tests to full scale engine tests until the implementation into the field engines.© 2002 ASME


In this paper, the characteristics of traffic flow on urban expressway in Beijing are investigated. Based on the real data, some classical traffic flow models are used to explore the relationships among traffic flow, speed and time occupancy. The FCM (fuzzy C-means method) clustering algorithm is applied to classify the traffic flow state. The results show that the Greenshields model is the best suitable model for the mathematical description of traffic flow, i.e. traffic speed and time occupancy is in linear relation while traffic volume and time occupancy (traffic speed) is in parabolic relation. Four different traffic flow states, including free flow, steady flow, synchronized flow and congested flow, are identified according to the FCM clustering method. For the free traffic flow, the time occupancy cluster center is equal to 0.16, and the traffic volume cluster center is equal to 980 pcu/h. For the steady traffic flow, the time occupancy cluster center is equal to 0.30, and the traffic volume cluster center is equal to 1737 pcu/h. For the synchronized traffic flow, the time occupancy cluster center is equal to 0.50, and the traffic volume cluster center is equal to 1896 pcu/h. For the congested traffic flow, the time occupancy cluster center is equal to 0.79, and the traffic volume cluster center is equal to 1184 pcu/h. The analysis of traffic flow characteristics in this study can provide the method and data foundation to evaluate the traffic service level and enhance the traffic organization and management.


Enterprise Systems are one of the most important developments in corporate information systems during the last decade. These integrated information systems are characterized by a number of features which include a very broad scope and functionality, as well as being generic, master data, and business-process orientated. Together, these features make Enterprise Systems unique vis-a-vis other information systems and have a profound impact on information systems development and evaluation. For instance, analysis, design, and realization during traditional information system development is replaced by the selection of a system and the evaluation of an underlying reference model, as well as the setting of configuration parameters.

The focus of the study is the Enterprise Systems artifact and its impact on information systems development and evaluation. The aims are 1) to improve our understanding of the key characteristics of Enterprise System artifacts, leading to changes in information systems development and the increased importance of evaluation and 2) to develop methods and evaluation approaches for Enterprise Systems. The main research approach applied in gaining an increased understanding has been artifact evaluation, belonging to constructive research. The research reported upon in the thesis is presented in two parts. The first part synthesizes the text of part one with the seven included papers. The included papers address Enterprise Systems, information system development and evaluation in complementary ways leading up to the conclusion of part one.

The concluding output of the thesis is an integrated framework addressing the implications of Enterprise System artifacts for information systems development and evaluation. The framework includes several causally-related components, including the Enterprise System artifact and its key characteristics, an Enterprise System life cycle (including the four interrelated tasks of selection, configuration, implementation and use & operation), COTS implementation methods, and the changing purpose of evaluation. In a sense, the conclusion is a theorizing of the nature of Enterprise System artifacts. Despite the fact that this thesis provides insights into the nature of Enterprise Systems, it is evident that more research is needed.


Salivary gland carcinomas constitute a rare but deadly group of head and neck cancers, but timely diagnosis is often delayed due to inherent variability in etiology, heterogeneity and histopathological characterization. SIBLINGs are a family of secreted glycophosphoproteins that include osteopontin (OPN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP-1), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE). SIBLINGs were first discovered in bone and teeth, and were considered to be exclusively expressed in mineralized tissue. In addition to mineralized tissue, SIBLINGs have now been shown to have variable expression in normal, non-mineralized tissue and in cancers. However, there have been no studies evaluating SIBLING expression in human salivary gland cancers. Our study tested the hypothesis that SIBLINGs, specifically, BSP, DSPP and OPN, would be significantly overexpressed in human salivary gland cancer. We also hypothesized that the cancer secretome would influence SIBLING expression in normal salivary gland cells. Methods: Normal and cancerous human salivary gland tissue obtained from the NDRI were processed using routine immunohistochemistry techniques to evaluate expression of BSP, DSP, and OPN. In addition normal HSG cell line and cancer HTB-41 cell line were evaluated using immunofluorescence techniques to localize expression of BSP, DSP and OPN. Normal HSG, cancer HTB-41 and HSG* cells (normal HSG cells exposed to a cancer HTB-41 secretome) were propagated using routine cell culture techniques for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Western blotting techniques were utilized ii to quantify and compare SIBLING protein expression levels in HSG, HTB-41 and HSG* cells. Normal HSG, cancer HTB-41, and HSG* cells were processed via immunoflourescence in order to observe localization of SIBLINGs. Results: Immunohistochemistry and western blot showed increased expression of SIBLINGs in human salivary gland cancers. Furthermore, immunoflourescence revealed distinct localization of SIBLING proteins in HSG and HTB-41 cell lines. In terms of HSG*, it was found that cells exposed to cancer secretome exhibited similar SIBLING expression to HTB-41. Conclusion: Our studies confirm that SIBLING proteins are selectively expressed in human salivary gland cancer. Also, the cancer secretome is found to affect SIBLING expression in normal cells, similar to HTB-41 cancer cell lines.


We study how employed and self-employed workers living as a couple differ in terms of allocation of their time. In particular, we focus on the division of domestic work between men and women. It emerges that the type of job strongly affects the allocation of time of men, whereas it is much less relevant for women. Unobservable characteristics, like preferences for work, rather than the type of job (employed vs. self-employed) seem to matter for the allocation of time of women. In general, Italian data confirm that self-employed workers work longer hours, in particular at nights and during the weekends. When we analyse together the allocation of time of both partners, we find that market and domestic work are more equally distributed within couples where the woman is self-employed. Conversely, when the man is self-employed and the woman is employed the allocation of time is distributed very unevenly. This suggests that the choice of the type of job is a channel through which the allocation of time spent on domestic work within couples is determined.


Eight new poly(acrylamide-co-p-maleimidobenzoic acid) (PAMMBA) water-soluble copolymers, 3, have been prepared in a synthetic study with the objective to determine the influence of ring incorporation on the surface activity of these materials.1 Sufficient sample was obtained from three of these experiments to enable measurement of the dispersion properties of these polymers using aqueous kaolinite suspensions.

PAMMBA-1, -2, and -3 copolymers containing 7, 13, and 23 mole percent p-maleimidobenzoic acid (MBA) were tested. Their effectiveness as dispersants increased with increasing MBA content. But the copolymer containing 23% MBA required a dose rate four to eight times that of DISPEX N-40, a commercial dispersant, to obtain equivalent dispersion properties from a standard kaolinite suspension.

In similar copolymer synthesis experiments, ten new poly(acrylamide-co-sodium N,N-diallylsulfanilate) (PAMDAS) copolymers were also prepared and fully characterized.2 Sufficient material was isolated from three of these preparations to enable testing of the dispersant activity.

PAMDAS-1, -2, -3 copolymers contained 3·0, 8·4, and 19·2 mole percent sodium N,N-diallysulfanilate (DAS) and were tested as dispersants in experiments conducted so as to produce results comparable to those of both the PAMMBA copolymers and a commercial dispersant. Dispersant effectiveness increased with increasing DAS content. PAMDAS-1 (3·0% DAS) was about the same effectiveness as PAMMBA-1 (7% MBA), PAMDAS-2 (8·4% DAS) was more effective than PAMMBA-2 (13% MBA), and PAMDAS-3 (19·2% DAS) was about equivalent in effectiveness to PAMBA-3 (23% MBA). Relative to DISPEX N-40, however, PAMDAS-2, at a dose rate of 2000 ppm by weight was about half as effective as DISPEX N-40 at a 250 ppm dose rate.


In the title compound, [Ni(C16H32N4)](C14H14O2PS2)2 or [Ni(trans[14]dien)][S2P(OC6H4Me-4)2]2, where trans[14]dien is meso-5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradeca-4,11-diene, the NiII ion lies across a centre of inversion and is four-coordinated in a relatively undistorted square-planar arrangement by the four N atoms of the macrocyclic ligand trans[14]dien. The two O,O′-di(4-methylphenyl)dithiophosphates act as counter-ions to balance the charge. Important geometric data include Ni—N = 1.9135 (16) and 1.9364 (15) Å.


Frederick Douglass's 1845 Narrative has been central to interpretations that read African American literature through the framework of a petition for human recognition. Douglass, arguably the nineteenth century's most iconic slave, grounds his critique of slavery in natural law. However, his later speeches problematize his commitment to the natural rights tradition by disrupting its racially exclusive conception of being and challenging the animal abjection that is foundational to its ontology. Toni Morrison's Beloved recalls rhetorical strategies, such as appeals to sentimentality and the sovereign "I," employed by Douglass that diagnose racialization and animalization as mutually constitutive modalities of domination under slavery. Chapter 1 examines how we might read Morrison as well as gendered appeals to discourses of the Self rooted in religio-scientific hierarchy, as both discourses have historically recognized black humanity and included black people in their conceptualization of "the human," but in the dissimulating terms of an imperial racial hierarchy. Beloved extends Douglass's intervention by subjecting animality's abjection to further interrogation by foregrounding nonhuman animal perspective, destabilizing the epistemological authority of enslaving modernity, including its gendered and sexual logics. By doing so, Beloved destabilizes the very binaristic and teleological epistemic presumptions that authorize the black body as border concept.


Since the rivers water body has its special characters of complicated ecosystems,diversification of pollution patterns and grave consequences of water pollution,river restoration is an important measure to maintain river health. Based on the principles and the guiding ideology of the river ecosystem restoration,this paper summarizes the application status and ecology significance of the water pollution remediation techniques in city and town river combining the latest research results and the valuable experience accumulated at home and from abroad.


Environmental issues are becoming more relevant nowadays. The industry is developing and this leads to intensive consumption of natural resources. This fact should make manufacturers think about optimization of the production. The knowledge of life cycle of products to be produced may help to optimize different stages of production. The life cycle assessment (LCA) is a useful tool to reveal information about products in many fields of human activity, and, specifically, in building materials industry. When life-cycle data is available, there appears an opportunity to make relevant changes in the way of extraction, manufacturing, installation and maintenance of products, and, in the end, disposal, recycling or reuse. The paper is concerned with the theoretical aspects of life cycle assessment application in industry of building materials and provides general information on what the LCA is, its origin and development, and possibilities for application.


The economy of Xiangzhou made stable headway in the Southern Dynasty,however,its political status was still low.The reasons were following: the strategy location of Xiangzhou hadn't been used enough;the power of its local despotic gentry had not obtained the full development;the power of its immigrants was very weak;the ruling class of the Southern Dynasty did not have enough value to it.


The indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants is gaining recognition worldwide because of its support in discovery of new medicines and its importance for proper conservation of biodiversity. Present study aims to explore the ethnobotanical information on medicinal plants used by Tharu community of Pahhoha VDC of Rupandehi district. The study was conducted during different periods of the year 2007. Informations on plant and plant parts uses were collected interviewing key informants using semi-structured open-ended questionnaire. Altogether 45 different plant species of plants belonging to 31 families and 42 genera were documented and majority of them are trees. In terms of plant and plant parts use, seed or fruits and leaf are in top priorities. These plants are used to treat different ailments ranging from gastro-intestinal to headache and fever, respiratory tract related problems to dermatological problems, snake bite to ophthalmic and cuts and wounds. Easy access to modern medicines and less recognition of traditional healers are the main causes leading to decrease in interest of young generation in the use of traditional medicinal practices. Keywords: Ethnobotany; Medicinal plants; Parroha VDC; Tharu. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3832 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.80-84


In this paper, EOQ models with stochastic demand for items with imperfect quality are developed for two cases; with and without replacement of nonconforming items, considering 100% inspection policy with the assumption that an imperfect inspection is performed. An order is considered to be placed from a supplier when the inventory level reaches the reorder point. When the order is received, an inspector will inspect the whole lot with the consideration that Type I or Type II inspection errors could be committed by the inspector during the inspection process. The probability of misclassification errors is assumed to be known. The fraction nonconforming is assumed to be a random variable following a known distribution. The objective of this research is to determine the optimal order quantity and reorder point such that the total cost is minimized. A solution for determining the order quantity and reorder point is proposed. Numerical examples with some sensitivity analysis for important model parameters are provided for the proposed model. Possible future extensions to the presented model are presented in the conclusion. Keywords: EOQ; Stochastic demand; Imperfect quality; Inspection errors List of Symbols demand rate (unit/unit time) demand during lead time probability density function of fixed ordering cost holding cost per unit per unit time shortage cost per unit shortage quantity per cycle expected shortage quantity per cycle probability that an item is defective probability of Type I error (classifying a nondefective item as a defective) probability of Type II error (classifying a defective item as a nondefective) probability density function of probability density function of probability density function of inspection cost per unit rectifying cost per unit cost of accepting a defective item cost of rejecting a nondefective item lot size reorder point cycle length


The Reciprocating Gait Orthosis (RGO) developed at Louisiana State University (LSU) in the 1970s, was first used in pediatric patients with severe musculoskeletal disabilities of the lower extremities (eg. spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, sacral agenesis, osteogenesis imperfecta, and limited cases of cerebral palsy). During the late 1970s and through the 1980s, successful applications were made to SCIS, mostly paraplegics, although some quadri-


A system for managing knowledge in organizations that supports the generation, capture, storage, and dissemination of information is referred to as a knowledge management system (KM System). A knowledge management (KM) system's goal is to give staff members easy access to the organization's recorded base of knowledge, sources, and solutions. An engineer might be aware of the metallurgical makeup of an alloy that dampens noise in gear systems, for instance, according to a typical claim supporting the development of a KM system. By disseminating this knowledge throughout the company, we can improve engine design and provide concepts for brand-new or upgraded machinery. Universities and other organizations use knowledge to create and maintain competitive advantages. Universities are aware that their ignorance can be both a competitive advantage and their "Achilles' heel". This makes it necessary for all universities to manage knowledge as a resource for the organization. The popularity of managing organizational knowledge as a management technique in universities has increased along with the number of research projects being done on the subject (Koenig, 2012). It is evident that knowledge management (KM) is becoming seen as a priceless intangible asset unto itself. The effective utilisation of KM is crucial for decision-making and strategy formulation, and the success of companies depends on it.


Observations of the polarities of sun-spots of the new cycle» continued throughout the year, have provided ample confirmation of the reversal of polarity announced by Hale last year. Only one of the 70 groups of spots belonging to the new cycle which have been observed magnetically failed to show a reversal. The increase in the number of spots has furnished much new material for the study not only of polarities but also of vortex structure around spots. As a result of his investigations Hale finds that the observed polarity is independent of the direction of rotation of the vortex as indicated by the structure shown on the spectroheliograms, and concludes that the evidence points to a hydrodynamical rather than an electromagnetic explanation of the hydrogen vortices around sun-spots. In the course of this study Hale finds that about 75 per cent of the hydrogen vortices associated with single or preceding spots in the two hemispheres of the Sun correspond in direction of whirl with terrestrial storms, irrespective of the llj4 year cycle in which they occur. Recent measures of the same general magnetic field by van Maanen show that the sign of the field has remained the same since the first measures were made. During this time the magnetic polarities of sun-spots have reversed twice. Measurements of the ultra-violet radiation of the Sun with the thermo-couple commenced by Pettit last summer are being continued systematically during the present year. These results, which show fluctuations of the order of 100 per cent and


A knowledge-based cutter head design theory of shield tunneling is proposed because of lacking integrated cutter head design theory in China. A three-dimensional theory system is structured by the Hall three-dimensional theory. The basic concepts of the mentioned theory and connotations of knowledge model which takes cutter head of EPB shield tunneling as an example are also expounded in detail. The application in practice shows that the knowledge-based cutter head design theory is feasible. It is important to improve design quality, efficiency and reduce cost in cutter head design.


Introduction: Endothelial Progenitor cells (EPCs) has been shown to be dysfunctional in both type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) leading to poor regeneration of endothelium. EPCs have been shown to be a robust cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk indicator. Cellular mechanisms of DPP-4 inhibitors such as Linagliptin (LG) on CVD risk in patients with type 2 diabetes with established CKD has not been established. Hypothesis: Linagliptin, a DPP-4 inhibitor when added to insulin, metformin or both may improve endothelial dysfunction in a diabetic kidney disease (DKD) Methods: 31 subjects taking metformin and/or Insulin were enrolled in this 12 weeks, double blind, randomized placebo matched trial, with 5 mg LG compared to placebo. Type 2 DM subjects (30-70 years old), A1c of 6.5-10%, CKD Stage 1-3 were included. CD34+ cell number, migratory function, gene expression along with vascular parameters such as Arterial stiffness, biochemistry, resting energy expenditure were measured. Data were collected at week 0, 6 and 12. A mixed model regression analysis was done with p value Results: A double positive CD34/CD184 cell count had a statistically significant increase (p Conclusions: In DKD subjects, Linagliptin promotes an increase in CXCR4 expression on CD34+ progenitor cells with a concomitant improvement in vascular and renal parameters at 12 weeks. Disclosure H. Awal: None. S. Nandula: None. N. Kundu: None. S. Sen: None.


In this issue of Blood , Connolly and colleagues describe an elegant approach to studying the significance of specific molecular interactions in vivo. The authors have "knocked-in" a mutant form of the protease, urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), into the murine uPA locus, to create a mouse strain ( Plau GFDhu/GFDhu ) where the interaction between endogenous uPA and its receptor (uPAR) is selectively disrupted, while leaving other functions of both uPA and uPAR intact. Their findings suggest that the primary role of uPAR in vivo is to promote fibrinolysis within tissues through localization of uPA, and that many of the previously described activities of uPAR may be secondary to this process. 1


The paper introduced a new fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor and presented a fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor design approaches and fault-tolerant technique characteristics.It resolved the difficult problems during the motor asymmetry operation.The aim is to develop a normal drive when any windings or drivers failed and the motor is in asymmetry operation.It also verfied the magnetic isolation and limiting of short-circuit fault current performances of fault-tolerant permanent magnet motor by using 2D simulation and test methods.This method testifies the motor has a good fault-tolerant characteristic.


ABSTRACT A major impediment to industrial urea synthesis is the lack of catalysts with high selectivity and activity, which inhibits the efficient industrial production of urea. Here, we report a new catalyst system suitable for the highly selective synthesis of industrial urea by in situ growth of graphdiyne on the surface of cobalt–nickel mixed oxides. Such a catalyst is a multi-heterojunction interfacial structure resulting in the obvious incomplete charge-transfer phenomenon between a graphdiyne and metal oxide interface and multiple intermolecular interactions. These intrinsic characteristics are the origin of the high performance of the catalyst. Studies on the mechanism reveal that the catalyst could effectively optimize the adsorption/desorption capacities of the intermediate and promote direct C–N coupling by significantly suppressing by-product reactions toward the formation of H2, CO, N2 and NH3. The catalyst can selectively synthesize urea directly from nitrite and carbon dioxide in water at room temperature and pressure, and exhibits a record-high Faradaic efficiency of 64.3%, nitrogen selectivity (Nurea-selectivity) of 86.0%, carbon selectivity (Curea-selectivity) of ∼100%, as well as urea yield rates of 913.2 μg h−1 mgcat−1 and remarkable long-term stability.


Successful sexual reproduction involves a highly complex, genetically encoded interplay between animal physiology and behavior. Here we developed a screen to identify genes essential for rat reproduction based on an unbiased methodology involving mutagenesis via the Sleeping Beauty transposon. As expected, our screen identified genes where reproductive failure was connected to gametogenesis (Btrc, Pan3, Spaca6, Ube2k) and embryogenesis (Alk3, Exoc6b, Slc1a3, Tmx4, Zmynd8). In addition, our screen identified Atg13 (longevity) Dlg1 and Pclo (neuronal disorders), previously not associated with reproduction. Dominant Pclo traits caused epileptiform activity and affected genes supporting GABAergic synaptic transmission (Gabra6, Gabrg3), and animals exhibited a compromised crosstalk between the brain and gonads via disturbed GnRH signaling. Recessive Pclo traits disrupted conspecific recognition required for courtship/mating and were mapped to allelic markers for major depressive disorder (Grm5, Htr2a, Sorcs3, Negr1, Drd2). Thus, Pclo-deficiency in rats link neural networks controlling sexual motivation to Pclo variants that have been associated with human neurological disorders.


GOSSIPO-4 is a prototype chip featuring an array of high resolution Time to Digital Converters with a PLL control that has been taped out the 9th of August 2011. This prototype is the successor of GOSSIPO-3 test chip and the precursor of the 65k pixel chip TimePix3. The prototype is being developed to test a set of new features that will be used in TimePix3, including a 8 pixel structure sharing one fast oscillator with a new topology, a PLL to provide the control voltage to the oscillators, a custom fast counter and a new small-area cell library.


Shell rings are circular and semi-circular deposits of shell (mostly oyster, Crassostrea virginica), faunal bone, artefacts and soil constructed along the Florida, Georgia and South Carolina coasts of the southeastern United States. Rings in Georgia and South Carolina date to c. 4200–3200 BP and range in size from 1 to 3 m tall and 22 to 83 m across. These little-studied sites have been suggested to be the remains of gaming arenas, astronomical observatories, torture chambers, houses of state, and fish traps. Most archaeologists view the sites as the subsistence remains of egalitarian hunter/fisher encampments. The rings' generally symmetrical, circular shapes are seen as reflective of the equal status among their societal members wherein no individual or family held a unique or favoured position over another. The general absence of exotic or prestige artefacts, elaborate burials and ceremonial mounds has reinforced the concept that these Late Archaic shell rings reflect rudimentary hunter/fisher cultures. Ironically, shell rings have also been cited as the earliest evidence for the rise of hierarchical social development in North America (Russo 1991; Russo & Saunders 1999). Shell rings have yielded evidence of the earliest permanent year-round occupations, the earliest development of pottery and the earliest examples of large-scale monumental architecture. Consequentially the function of shell rings remains an open question.


Rudnick et al., "Combining Deterministic and Genetic Approaches for Sequential Circuit Test Generation", Pro ceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE Conference on Design Automation, pp. 183-188 (1995).* Nachman et al., "A Novel Approach To Random Pattern Testing Of Sequential Circuits', IEEE Transactions on Com puters, vol. 47 Issue 1, pp. 129-134 (Jan. 1998).* Kajihara et al., "On Test Pattern Compaction Using Random Pattern Fault Simulation', IEEE Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on VLSI Design, pp. 464–469 (Jan. 1998).*


Analyzing the declining causes of students' operating skills of internal medicine in medical vocational colleges,this article puts forward the following measures:improving the teaching base building in and outside the school further,strengthening the faculty building of the internal medicine practical teaching further,constructing more scientific and rational practical teaching system and strict practical teaching management system,building up practical testing system adapting to new situations.Based on the above measures,we can develop the students' operating skills of internal medicine in medical vocational colleges.

Key words:
Medical college education; Clinical medicine; Internal medicine; Practical teaching


BENEFITS n Well proven technology n High UV dose n Tested in low UV transmittance n Not impacted by water temperature, neither by salinity n Modular : flexible, scalable to any flow rate n Easy to install, operate and maintain n Automatic operation, easy-to-use interface n Automatic regulation of power consumption depending on water quality n Safe: no explosive gases, no induced corrosion, chemical free n First Class marine components n Cost efficient solution


This article examines the role of Majallat Rawdat al-ma'arif, a journal produced by teachers and pupils in a private boys' school in Mandatory Palestine, its place within the context of the local Arabic press, and the means it used to construct identities among its readers. Although Majallat Rawdat al-ma'arif was one of many school journals that paralleled the development of the daily press in Palestine, this journal sought a much more influential and serious role than other school journals by reflecting on issues of identity. Through discussions on Islam, Arabic language, and descriptions of trips made throughout Palestine, the journal articulated a set of complex and overlapping identities, from pan-Arabism, pan-Islamism, and local territorial nationalism. In addition, Majallat Rawdat al-ma'arif rejected western culture by criticising the missionary school, and unlike the other school journals, most of which belonged to missionary schools, did not advertise western goods nor praise Jewish immigration and British colonialism.


We report a case of a 54-year-old male who within a month had two events of bilateral masseter spasm (BMS) at induction of anaesthesia. The first time BMS caused unanticipated difficult intubation after infusion of remifentanil and propofol, and conseqeuently the general anaesthesia was terminated. The second time an awake fiberoptic intubation was planned followed by infusion of propofol, and once again there was a BMS breakout. This side effect of propofol has been reported to the Danish Health and Medicines Authority.


arise as special cases of results in Section 3 [see (3.4) and (3.5)]. Since the above mentioned paper of Melham contains a comprehensive list of references, we have chosen not to repeat them here. Unfortunately, one of the matrices which we need to record does not fit comfortably on a standard page. We overcome this difficulty by simply listing elements in a table. Following convention, the (i, j) element is the element in the /* row and j * column.


e > u e s e a b c p a b his issue features a study by Géa-Horta et al.,1 which escribes the association between maternal socioeconoic factors (employment and level of schooling) and the ccurrence of some nutritional indicators (short stature and xcess weight) in children under 5 years of age in a represenative sample of the Brazilian population. The final sample omprised 4356 women with a mean age of 27 years and heir respective children, with a mean age of 2 years, 52% of hom were males. Maternal employment rate was 40% and he mothers had a mean of 8 years of schooling. The chilren had a lower mean height/age than the international tandards, while the body mass index (BMI)/age ratio was igher.2 One of the main results of this study was the four-fold igher chance of mothers with low maternal level of schoolng to have children with short stature (height/age below 2 standard deviations). This association may be explained y a less favorable socioeconomic status, either reflecting he reduced possibility of acquiring healthy foods, or due o the lower awareness of the role of food in the future


Experiential learning posits that learning occurs on the basis of practice; in technology courses this is often practiced as real or near to real life projects. Successful student-led project implementation has multiple definitions in the undergraduate learning context. In the best of cases, all stakeholders including students, instructors, community partners, and clients assess the course as having concluded successfully. This experience report blends these perspectives about the methods of and barriers to success in real-life student project scenarios. Based on the results of semester-long, enterprise level software implementation projects, we deliver generalizable lessons and implementation principles for instructors who wish to implement experiential learning in technology courses as a function of classroom learning and assessment.


The Naturally Optimised Revenue Demand in Communities (NORDIC) model is employed to improve migration. The proposed model produces constructed shadow costs to be inserted into the public budgets to induce economic incentives to improve the integration of immigrants. The resulting shadow cost, and its impact on the PSBR, constitutes a single, key factor that by one digit only expresses how successful the integration is over time. The human tolerance is encapsulated in the launched model through a single factor in the NORDIC model equation that considers the population's general acceptance of immigrants that affects the result. Particularly, the case study shows how refugees should be better integrated into the Swedish society by application of the NORDIC model. The results point at a promising methodology for successfully integrating migrants by using economic instruments. The major conclusion is that the NORDIC model can be used for improving the immigration to a nation. In particular, the suitable level of refugee-reception is possible to determine by employing the NORDIC model in a societal context to improve a nation's GDP and the citizens' welfare. Possible end users are the migration-authorities and politicians that want a comprehensive tool to improve the efficiency of the reception of immigrants and refugees to the current nation. Recommendations for the use of the proposed model are given and further research suggested.


Objective:To observe the clinical effect of GnRHa in triggering ovulation.Methods:328 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome(1 259 ovulation induction cycles)were analyzed retrospectively and divided into study group and control group randomly,the patients with diameter of follicles≥16 mm,number of follicles6 and/or diameter of ovary≥6 cm were classified as experimental group,then they were injected subcutaneously with triptorelin 0.1 mg,once a day(n=736 cycles);the patients in control group were injected intramuscularly with chorionic gonadotropin 10 000 U,once a day(n=523 cycles),the therapeutic effects were compared between the two groups.Results:There was no significant difference in average age,infertility duration,basic endocrine situation,endometrial thickness on the day of ovulation between the two groups(P0.05);there was no significant difference in ovulation rate,pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate between the two groups(P0.05);there was significant difference in incidence of middle-severe OHSS and number of ovulation between the two groups(P0.05);there was no significant difference in ovulation rate in hierarchical comparison of the number of dominant follicles between the two groups(P0.05).Conclusion:The ovulation rate and pregnancy rate in ovulation induced by 0.1 mg GnRHa are similar to those in HCG group,which can reduce the occurrence of OHSS effectively;but in GnRHa-induced ovulation group,the number of ovulation is higher than that in HCG group,pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate are similar to those in HCG group,which are related to corpus luteum insufficiency after ovulation induced by GnRHa probably.


The purpose of this study was to identify a number of critical issues concerning and influencing food security in Zimbabwe. Embedded within this narrative is a critical concern for reducing food losses and enhancing value-addition. Special focus is put on the treatment of fresh produce, especially in rural areasbe it vegetables, fruits or grain. Preservation and safety of the product are important at both the household and market levels. This study used case studies from across rural and urban Zimbabwe to establish the pressing issues surrounding post-harvest management strategies. The study ascertained that Zimbabwe is naturally privileged with fertile soils which are suitable for agriculture, but food security is threatened after harvesting. The study produced an appreciation for the wide range of methods and structures, such as pole-earthed granaries and vegetable drying, that are used in Zimbabwe to gain food sovereignty. Nevertheless, it was established that these methods are not effective in reducing post-harvest losses, hence the need to introduce modern technologies that can supplement the traditional methods of reducing losses to enhance food security. KEywoRds: Post-harvest; Food security; Food sovereignty; Value-addition; Food-losses. ABBREVIAtIoNs: MDGs: Millennium Development Goals; UPA: Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture; FAO: Food and Agriculture Organisation.


In this issue, Kramer and colleagues' meta-analysis provides strong evidence that "healthy obesity" is a myth. The editorialists discuss the meta-analysis and conclude that no level of obesity is h...


Background: The function of the bcl-2 oncogene was known to prolong cell life by inhibiting apoptosis. PCNA have been used as a cellular proliferation marker. Because there are much similarities between Keratoacanthoma(KA) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC), it is often hard to differentiate KA and SCC, clinically and histopathologically. Although a number of recent studies have been attempted to separate these two entities by immunohistochemical stains, the distinction between KA and SCC may be still debatable and a matter of speculation. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefullness of the method by analyzing immunohistochemical expression of bcl-2 and PCNA in a matter of differentiating KA and SCC. Method: 11 cases of Keratoacanthoma and 22 cases of Squamous Cell Carcinoma which are conformed by histopathologic examination were stained with bcl-2 and PCNA immunohistochemically. Results: 1. In KA, The bcl-2 was negative in 100% and the PCNA was positive in 100%. 2. In SCC, The bcl-2 was negative in 95% and the PCNA was positive in 100%. 3. In the pattern of staining of PCNA, KA have more peripheral pattern(73%) than diffuse pattern(27%), otherwise SCC have more diffuse pattern(59%) than peripheral(27%) and focal pattern(14%). Conclusion: bcl-2, PCNA, Keratoacanthoma(KA), Squamous Cell Carcinoma(SCC)Our research showed that KA is almost similar to SCC except that there are difference in the pattern of staining of PCNA. According to the result of our study, we think that it is hard to differentiate between KA and SCC only by immunohistochemical staining of PCNA. Althogh immunohistochemical staining of PCNA would not be a confirmative method, it will help us to distinguish KA from SCC as a supplementary measure. By the fact, more researches are necessary to differentiate KA and SCC by immunohistochemical staining.


The Chinese Communist Party's (CCP) cultural ideology of Anti- Japanese War comes into being on the na- tional anti-Japanese's demands. It includes the importance and essential tasks of anti-Japanese culture, the building of cul- tural team and the techniques of developing the movements of Anti-Japanese war. This ideology is the most important con- tent in the New-democratic culture and ideology. Meanwhile, the formation and development has not only provided a strong ideological weapon for the final success of the Chinese Anti-Japanese War, but also promoted effectively the development of Chinese culture, and thus pointed to the direction of the development.


In this paper a watermarking technique using hybrid wavelet transforms obtained from sinusoidal and non-sinusoidal component orthogonal transforms is proposed. Sinusoidal transform DCT and non-sinusoidal transforms Walsh, Haar and Discrete Kekre Transform are used to generate hybrid wavelet transforms namely DCT-Walsh, Walsh-DCT, DCT-Haar, Haar-DCT, DCT-DKT and DKT-DCT. Size of each component transform matrix is varied suitably from 4, 8, 16, 32, and 64 to generate hybrid wavelet transform matrix for host and watermark. The best size combination is further applied column wise and row wise to host and watermark and to embed the watermark middle frequency regions of host is selected. Embedding is first done without sorting the hybrid wavelet transform coefficients of host and watermark and then sorting is applied to observe the difference in the achieved robustness. Performance of proposed technique is evaluated against various attacks to decide whether sinusoidal transform when used as base transform matrix or local transform matrix is more robust.


More often than not, researchers today find themselves overwhelmed with increasingly large data sets. It has become difficult to develop efficient workflows to edit and then analyze large data sets to extract meaningful results. Whereas desktop computers have sufficed in the past, data sets involving high density SNP or sequence data are growing so large that new high performance computing (HPC) methods are under development to allow efficient data housing, searching and analysis. This presentation will provide scientists an insight on how Genus is using HPC to manage large data sets in both research and genomic evaluation. Topics will include a review of hardware choices, including power/temperature and scalability considerations, and data storage and density. Also important are the financial and security considerations between owned clusters, university and national laboratory clusters, and commercial options such as pay-as-you-go clouds. Software issues will also be addressed, including the advantages and disadvantages of commercial versus Open Source and discussion on building in-house codes. Relevant setup scenarios and industry best practices related to Genus' implementation will also be presented. Finally we will demonstrate how Genus is currently leveraging HPC to decrease time-to-results in research, increase accuracy in genomic evaluations, and therefore increasing the rates of genetic improvement.


Broadcast transmissions are currently finding extensive applications in vehicular ad-hoc networks, albeit primarily in the research phase. Given the importance of knowing the updated network details of each node in the network, and also considering the fact that the delay in transmission of messages is a crucial factor in collision avoidance, it is imperative to implement a broadcast network which will ensure minimum delay in transmission of messages between the nodes. In this paper, we primarily implement a multi-hop broadcast vehicular network for collision avoidance. We consider the mobility and traffic density of vehicles and simulate the end-to-end delay in message transmission for a sparse and dense network scenario. In order to ensure high reliability and get the optimum delay, we extend the scenario to include three different routing protocols - AODV, Cluster-based routing and OSPF - and perform a comparison based on the end-to-end transmission delay to determine the optimum routing algorithm. In order to account for all possibilities, the case of link failure as a consequence of sparse network scenario is also considered.


A finite element method is applied to the study of along-wind dynamic response of transmission line of two spans with three towers.The central tower is modeled as an assembly of beam elements with six degrees of freedom at each node.The sagged wire is assumed to be composed of straight element with three translational degrees of freedom at each node and the geometric non-linearity is included in the study.The time history of fluctuating wind speed is generated by the multi-dimensional auto-regression method according to power spectrum and spatial correlations.The result has shown that it is necessary to consider the dynamic characteristics of wire when the dynamic response of transmission tower is analyzed.The procedure presented here provides an effective method to check the safety and reliability of the transmission tower.


The proceedings contain 89 papers. The topics discussed include: analytical study of geometrical impact on the design parameters of disk-type milling cutter with multiple inserts;aerodynamic study of vehicles in formation under crosswind;optimization of kerf width and material removal rate on plasma cutting using response surface method;hybrid electric vehicles: a review of performance in various temperature conditions;design of four-wheel steering by using fuzzy logic to reduce vehicle side slip and under and oversteer;rate analysis of drawing solid model-based on orthogonal and isometric projection;multiple intelligence welding competency during the Covid-19 pandemic;design and application of coffee pulper machine;study of piston from the natural science perspective;the effect of pressure on temperature distribution of albasia sawdust in pyrolysis process;and the feasibility of practice facilities for lathe training based on standard.


Huddled in a cubicle during a shootout in a Detroit hospital or doggedly persisting until a callous welfare department gives in, this young public health nurse embodies the courage she calls on all nurses to display.


'I see nobody on the road,' said Alice. 'I only wish I had such eyes,' the King remarked in a fretful tone. 'To be able to see nobody. And at that distance, too! Why, it's as much as I can do to see real people, by this light.' Lewis Carroll, Through the Looking‐Glass


The utility model provides an electric toothbrush head. The electric toothbrush head comprises a brush pole (1) and a brush disc (5), wherein a transmission shaft (9) is arranged in the brush pole; an eccentric wheel (3) is arranged at the front end of the transmission shaft; the brush disc is installed at the front end of the brush pole by an axial hole connecting device; a movement transfer device is arranged between the brush disc and the eccentric wheel and is used for transferring a linear movement of the eccentric wheel into a reciprocating swinging movement of the brush disc about a rotating shaft (7); the movement transfer device comprises an L-shaped slide sleeve (8), a protruded shaft (5b) at the back part of the brush disc, and a smooth eccentric shaft (3a) at the front end of the eccentric wheel; a first movement hole (8a) and a second movement hole (8b) which are vertical to each other are formed in the L-shaped slide sleeve; the first movement hole is in dynamic match with the protruded shaft; and the second movement hole is in dynamic match with the smooth eccentric shaft. The utility model also provides an electric toothbrush adopting the electric toothbrush head. The electric toothbrush head has the characteristics of being long in service life, excellent in safety, smooth in operating, low in noise and the like.


This study sought to assess whether the predilation, scaffold/stent sizing, and postdilation (PSP) score for bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) implantation was associated with outcomes following metallic drug‐eluting stent (DES) implantation.


Background: Transposable elements (TEs) constitute the vast majority of all eukaryotic DNA, and display extreme diversity, with thousands of families. Given their abundance and diversity, TEs discovery and annotation becomes challengeable. At present, tools and databases have built libraries to mask TEs in genomes based on de novo- and homology-based identification strategies, but no consensus criteria about which tools should be used have been proposed.

Results: In the de novo-based strategy, we compared performances of TE libraries developed by four commonly used tools, including RepeatModeler, LTR_FINDER, LTRharvest, and MITE_Hunter, by using a simulated genome as a standard control. The results showed that the performance of RepeatModeler decreased as it was combined with either LTR_FINDER or LTRharvest. Combination of RepeatModeler and MITE_Hunter showed better performance than RepeatModeler and MITE_Hunter alone. In the homology-based strategy, we evaluated different sources from a taxonomic point of view to build an accurate TE library. When we selected a library from databases to identify TEs for Arabidopsis thaliana genome, the library from a genus genetically closer to Arabidopsis achieved better performance than other genera with further genetic distance. Without the Arabidopsis, combination of top three genera closer to Arabidopsis showed better performance than combination of all genera.

Conclusion: This study proposes a series of recommendations to perform an accurate TE annotation: 1) For de novo-based strategy, RepeatModeler and MITE_Hunter are suggested to build a TE library; 2) For homology-based strategy, it is recommended to use library of genus genetically close to the species rather than use combined library from all genera.


Patrick Casement continues his argument from his first two books: On Learning from the Patient (1985) and Further Learning from the Patient (1990), with a new book, Learning from our Mistakes: Beyond Dogma in Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy. He examines the processes of supervision and internal supervision by which practitioners can develop their awareness of the patient's experience within the clinical encounter, and he particularly considers the issues of mistakes and enactments by the analysts. He argues that psychoanalysis and psychotherapy can be limited by a too-rigid adherence to theory. Therapeutic technique is creative when it is furthering the working alliance between patient and therapist and enhancing patient self-reflection and exploration. Technique too influenced by theory and insufficiently responsive to the patient is in danger of fostering unhealthy compliance or therapistinduced resistance. Of primary importance is that the patient is allowed to discover his own truth rather than that of his analyst. Casement uses rich and detailed clinical presentations to illustrate how therapists can use patient's conscious and unconscious communications to improve the quality of their interventions. Trial identification with the patient's feelings can lead the therapist to phrase an intervention so that it can be heard and thought about rather than, for example, defended against because of inflicting overwhelming shame. Casement also illustrates how becoming sensitive to the patient's 'unconscious promptings' can guide the therapist as to how the patient is experiencing the therapist. Casement's clinical commentaries show an exquisite sensitivity to the patient's experience. One of the ways this is illustrated is through his capacity to stay with not-knowing until the patient's material warrants a comment in tune with his inner world, rather than make a premature interpretation, which might be felt to be an impingement. The chapter on supervision raises parallel issues regarding conformity (to the supervisor) versus helping the trainee to develop his own voice. This process requires the supervisor, as was the case with the therapist, to monitor his own contribution, if an overly-conforming process develops. The pertinent issue of keeping criticism helpful rather than persecutory was also discussed. Of particular interest in the self-reflection as a therapist was the notion that Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy (September 2004) Volume 18, No. 3, 346–357


IT industry in Japan has grown by providing specific made-to-order enterprise applications for various industries. Most of enterprise applications are built upon relational database management system (RDBMS), which takes the responsibility of keeping data integrity and data manipulation. However, data explosion in recent years especially in retail and telecommunication industries makes IT industry difficult to satisfy quality attributes such as scalability, availability and data consistency with traditional development techniques. From the beginning of this century, NRI has built and refined product line architecture as a primary core asset for such data intensive industries, which have very rich variations in functional and nonfunctional requirements of their enterprise applications. This paper summarizes key criteria to build such an architecture based on our ten years experience in developing dozens of mission critical IT systems as product families for those industries.


Recent advances in photoinduced trifluoromethylation and difluoroalkylation under photocatalysis are summarized. Most of the photoredox reactions proceed efficiently under mild conditions with simple operation. Various fluorinated reagents are developed and applied in different transformations. Usually, the photocatalyst in a photocatalytic cycle is initially stimulated to the excited state in the presence of visible light, which then provides an electron to the fluorinated reagent to release a CF3 radical or CF2 radical. The subsequent radical addition to an unsaturated bond with further transformations would produce the corresponding fluorinated products. Alkenes, alkynes, isocyanides, and arenes are frequently employed as substrates for access to fluorochemicals. The advantages of trifluoromethylation and difluoroalkylation under photocatalysis including mild reaction conditions, good functional group tolerance, and experimental ease will make the approaches attractive for further applications.


M. Johnston proposed an adverbialist solution to the problem of intrinsic change for enduring things. D. Lewis interpreted it as a way of tensing the copula. In his view, it has the defect of replacing the having simpliciter of a property by the standing in a triadic relation to a property and a time, and so is threatened by Bradley's Regress. I agree with Lewis on requiring the having a property to be non-relational, while I disagree with him on restricting it to the having simpliciter. I tense the copula non-relationally and yet more seriously than Johnston, by characterizing tense as a copulative de re modality concerning endurance, which I relate to R. Taylor's 'pure becoming'. I will show that my way gives a better solution to the problem of intrinsic change than those by other endurantists, because of its close connection to an account of tense, endurance and becoming.


There is a renewed surge in percolation-induced transport properties of diverse nano-particle composites (cf. RSC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology Series, Paul O'Brien Editor-in-Chief). We note in particular a broad interest in nano-composites exhibiting sharp electrical property gains at and above percolation threshold, which motivated us to revisit the classical setting of percolation in random resistor networks but from a multiscale perspective. For each realization of random resistor networks above threshold, we use network graph representations and associated algorithms to identify and restrict to the percolating component, thereby preconditioning the network both in size and accuracy by filtering {\it a priori} zero current-carrying bonds. We then simulate many realizations per bond density and analyze scaling behavior of the complete current distribution supported on the percolating component. We first confirm the celebrated power-law distribution of small currents at the percolation threshold, and second we confirm results on scaling of the maximum current in the network that is associated with the backbone of the percolating cluster. These properties are then placed in context with global features of the current distribution, and in particular the dominant role of the large current tail that is most relevant for material science applications. We identify a robust, exponential large current tail that: 1. persists above threshold; 2. expands broadly over and dominates the current distribution at the expense of the vanishing power law scaling in the small current tail; and 3. by taking second moments, reproduces the experimentally observed power law scaling of bulk conductivity above threshold.


Natural inputs of chlorine (Cl) to soils come mainly from rainwater, sea spray, dust and air pollution. In addition, human practices, such as irrigation and fertilization, contribute significantly to Cl deposition. In the soil solution, Cl occurs predominantly as the chloride anion (Cl~). The Cl~ anion does not form complexes readily, and shows little affinity (or specificity) in its adsorption to soil components. Thus, Cl~ movement within the soil is largely determined by water flows. Chlorine is an essential micronutrient for higher plants. It is present mainly as Cl~. Chloride is a major osmotically active solute in the vacuole and is involved in both turgorand osmoregulation. In the cytoplasm it may regulate the activities of key enzymes. In addition, Cl~ also acts as a counter anion, and Cl~ fluxes are implicated in the stabilization of membrane potential, regulation of intracellular pH gradients and electrical excitability. Chloride enters plants through the roots, and there is some concern over the uptake of the long-lived radionuclide 'CI, which enters into the food chain through plants. Chloride is thought to traverse the root by a symplastic pathway, and Cl~ fluxes across the plasma membrane and tonoplast of root cells have been estimated. These fluxes are regulated by the Cl" content of the root. Chloride is mobile within the plant. The Cl~ concentrations of xylem and phloem saps have been determined and Cl~ fluxes through the xylem and phloem have been modelled. Measurements of transmembrane voltages and Cl~ activities in cellular compartments suggest (1) that active Cl~ transport across the plasma membrane dominates Cl~ influx to root cells at low Cl" concentrations in the soil solution and that passive Cl~ influx to root cells occurs under more saline conditions, and (2) that both active and passive Cl~ transport occurs at the tonoplast. Electrophysiological studies have demonstrated the presence of an electrogenic C1~/2H symporter in the plasma membrane of root-hair cells and Cl~ channels mediating either Cl~ influx or Cl~ efflux across the plasma membrane. Similarly, there is both biochemical and electrophysiological evidence that Cl~ channels mediate Cl" fluxes in either direction across the tonoplast and that a Cl~/nH+ antiport mediates Cl~ influx to the vacuole. This article reviews the availability of Cl~ in the soil, the roles and distribution of Cl~ within the plant, the magnitude of Cl" fluxes across membranes and between tissues, the mechanisms of Cl~ transport across membranes and the electrical characteristics and molecular biology of Cl~ channels. © 2001 Annals of Botany Company


Using the potentiostatic electrodeposition technique, zinc telluride nanocrystalline thin films and an array of nanowires were synthesized in a citric acid bath. Electrodeposited zinc telluride thin films with stoichiometric compositions were obtained at a cathode potential of approximately −0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl, which was in a more noble region compared with the equilibrium potential of zinc. The average thickness of the zinc telluride thin films was approximately 3 μm, and the average growth rate was approximately 3 nm s−1. The as-deposited zinc telluride thin films had an amorphous phase with a black tint. By contrast, the zinc telluride thin films annealed at 683 K had a crystalline phase with a reddish-brown tint. The electrodeposited single-phase zinc telluride exhibited an optical absorption performance in a wavelength region that was shorter than 559 nm. At the annealing temperature of 683 K, the zinc telluride films exhibited an energy band gap of 2.3 eV, which was almost identical to that of single-crystal zinc telluride. The resistivity of the as-deposited amorphous-like zinc telluride thin films was approximately 2 × 105 Ω·m, whereas that of the samples annealed at 683 K was around 2 × 103 Ω·m, which was smaller than that of single-crystal zinc telluride. A three-dimensional nanostructure constructed with the zinc telluride nanowire array was also demonstrated using a template synthesis technique.


The question of Paul's identity is raised by his history as a diaspora Jew, then Pharisee, who became a believer in Messiah Jesus and apostle to the gentiles. How did he think of himself? The essay focuses on the categories 'Jew', '(in) Judaism', 'Hebrew' and 'Israel(ite)', with particular reference to Rom 2.28–9, 1 Cor 9.20–1, Gal 1.13–14, 2 Cor 11.22, Phil 3.4–7 and Rom 11.1. It also contrasts Paul's devaluation of circumcision and food laws with his continued and characteristically Jewish hostility to idolatry and sexual licence. Paul's identity was evidently in transition, both rooted in his Jewish heritage and responding to fresh revelation, thus reflecting the emerging identity of Christianity.


Certain dietary proteins and oils are capable of decreasing chronic neuropathic pain levels in rats after partial sciatic nerve ligation injury. We tested, for the first time, the role of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids in suppressing pain in partial sciatic nerve ligation-injured rats. Six groups of male Wistar rats were fed an identical casein-based, fat-free diet for 1 wk preceding partial sciatic nerve ligation injury and for 1 wk thereafter. In addition, rats received, via gavage, 1 mL/day of pure canola, corn, hemp, soy, or sunflower oil, differing significantly in their &ohgr;-3 and &ohgr;-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content, or 1 mL of plain water. Responses to tactile and noxious heat stimuli were recorded before and after surgery and a difference score was calculated for each group by subtracting the preoperative from the post-partial sciatic nerve ligation values. Heat hyperalgesia, but not tactile allodynia, was significantly different among the dietary groups (P = 0.005). Heat hyperalgesia of rats fed hemp oil, developing the most robust response, was significantly larger compared with rats fed corn oil, developing the least pain model (difference score: 24.3 ± 4.1 s versus 6.1 ± 3.1 s, respectively; P < 0.001). These oils contain similar levels of &ohgr;-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (hemp, 60%; corn, 58%) but their &ohgr;-3 levels are 28-fold different (20% versus 0.7%, respectively). A significant correlation was found among dietary levels of &ohgr;-3, but not &ohgr;-6 or the &ohgr;-3/&ohgr;-6 ratio, of the six dietary groups and heat hyperalgesia (P = 0.006). We conclude that dietary oil might predict levels of neuropathic pain in rats and that this effect may be associated with dietary &ohgr;-3 levels.


Abstract Background Persons who inject drugs (PWID) with opioid use disorder (OUD) are at increased risk of invasive bacterial and fungal infections, which warrant prolonged, inpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Such admissions are complicated by opioid cravings and withdrawal. Comparisons of medications for OUD during prolonged admissions for these patients have not been previously reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of different OUD treatment strategies in this population, and their impact on ED and hospital readmissions. Methods We retrospectively analyzed consecutive admissions for invasive bacterial or fungal infections in PWID, admitted between January 2016 and January 2019 at Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Patients in our cohort were required to receive an infectious diseases consult, and an anticipated antibiotic treatment duration of >2 weeks. We collected data on demographics, comorbidities, length of stay, microbiologic data, medications prescribed for OUD, mortality, and readmission rates. We compared 90-day readmission rates by OUD treatment strategies using Kaplan–Meier curves. Results In our cohort of 237 patients, treatment of OUD was buprenorphine (17.5%), methadone (25.3%), or none (56.2%). Among patients receiving OUD treatment, 30% had methadone tapers and/or methadone discontinued upon discharge. Patient demographics were similar for each OUD treatment strategy. Infection with HIV (2.8%), and hepatitis B (3%), and hepatitis C (67%) were similar between groups. Continuation of medications for OUD was associated with increased completion of parenteral antibiotics (odds ratio 2.11; 95% confidence interval 1.70–2.63). When comparing medications for OUD strategies, methadone had the lowest readmission rates, followed by buprenorphine, and no treatment (P = 0.0013) (figure). Discontinuation of methadone during the admission or upon discharge was associated with the highest readmission rates. Conclusion Continuation of OUD treatment without tapering, was associated with improved completion of parenteral antimicrobials in PWID with invasive bacterial or fungal infections lower readmission rates. Tapering OUD treatment during admission was associated with higher readmission rates. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.