Aim

This study aimed to examine the accuracy of the estimated portion size (EPS) of foods required to reach satiation, and how food characteristics influence food portion estimation in healthy adults.

Methods

This was a randomised, cross-over feeding trial with eight test sessions. The visual, olfactory and rheological characteristics of common foods were manipulated. Participants determined the portion sizes of eight test foods that need to be consumed to reach satiation, which were then compared with the actual intake (AI) of the same foods. During each session, participants also rated their appetite before and after food consumption, as well as the palatability and acceptability of the test foods.

Results

Thirty-five healthy young adults completed the study. The EPSs were not significantly different from AI of test foods, although there was a tendency to overestimate the amount required to reach satiation. AI of test foods correlated with energy density but not food palatability or acceptance. Hunger and desire-to-eat reduced, and fullness increased significantly after test food ingestion. Significant differences were found in hunger (P = 0.041) and desire-to-eat (P = 0.007) suppression between test foods. Apple juice suppressed desire-to-eat less than solid apple, albeit ingestion of these foods were isoenergetic. Food forms were used to guide portion selection of apple and apple juice.

Conclusion

Although the mean predicted portion was not different from AI, individual discrepancies were large, and a tendency to over-portion foods may pose a challenge in body weight maintenance.


1. Gaussian beams 2. Optical resonators 3. Energy relations in optical cavities 4. Optical cavity as frequency discriminator 5. Laser gain and some of its consequences 6. Laser oscillation and pumping mechanisms 7. Descriptions of a few specific CW laser systems 8. Laser gain in a semiconductor 9. Semiconductor diode lasers 10. Mode locked lasers and requency metrology 11. Laser frequency stabilization 12. Atomic and molecular discriminants 13. Frequency and amplitude modulation 14. Nonlinear optics


The non-public sector has been the fresh troop to support economy development of Tai'an in recent years.however,the financing difficult for medium and small enterprises has been the chief nandicap to restrict further development. So,we must analyze the factors causing finacing difficulty and find the path to solve this problem,which is very meaningful to promote the sound and fast development of Tai'an economy.


From the physical definition of perturbation propagation(Mach waves),the characteristic equations of a two-dimensional supersonic flow were deduced into the forms which were uncorrelated with the formula of EOS.Meanwhile,a new Prantl-Meyer function was expressed into a simple variable function of fluid density also.Based on characteristic difference,a solution method of the two-dimensional supersonic flow was built up.Therefore,as an application example of the solution method,the movement of the flyer plate driven by glancing detonation was analyzed.For comparison,Detonation drives of the TNT and emulsion explosives were calculated with JWL and polytropic EOSs.The numerical results show that characteristic difference solutions completely agree with the expanding works of explosive EOSs.


A method for producing a superconductor having a high copper to superconductor composition (Cu/SC) ratio by cross-sectional area. An assembly is prepared formed of one or more fine filaments of a superconductor composition or of a precursor component for a superconductor alloy composition, which filaments are embedded in a copper-based matrix. The assembly is electroplated with copper to increase the Cu/filament ratio in the resulting product, and thereby increase the said CU/SC ratio to improve the stability of the final superconductor.


On 17 June 2010, the European Court of Justice rejected an appeal brought by Lafarge SA ("Lafarge") against the judgment of the General Court confirming the Commission's decision to impose a fine…


Continuity and mutation come from "Continuity and Mutation "(Chapter 29)of The Literary Mind and the Carving Dragon by Liu Xie.This paper,based on the views that "exhaustion is to mutation,mutation is to continuation and continuation is to lasting",points out the meaning of "continuity and mutation" and brings forth the saying of "moving" thinking that "mutation" is the horizontal movement while "continuity" is the vertical movement.The key of "continuity and mutation" is not "wide reading to examine the essentials" but "relying on affections to achieve continuity" and "relying on qi to move to mutation".


The Second Quarterly Progress Report summarizes the status at the mid-point of the conceptual design effort. The fusion driver continues to pose some of the principal design problems due to the necessity of advancing plasma engineering and technology for long pulse, high duty cycle operation. The development of credible design solutions to these problems is one of the major objectives of the study. The TF and OH coil designs have been modified to provide a more compact arrangement in the nose region of the TF coils and to ensure fully cryostable operation. A unique concept has been developed to effectively shield the TF coils from the poloidal fields. A vacuum vessel concept which separates the functions for sustaining the differential pressure load and for sealing the vacuum system is described. The thickness of the blanket has been decreased to reduce the power density and the actinide inventory. Determination and presentation of actinide depletion characteristics represents a major element thus far in the study and is a principal objective. Evaluation of the changes in the hazard only during irradiation proved to be an inadequate measure of the reduction in long term hazards due to the importance of radioactive daughter products whichmore » appear much later in time. Therefore, comparisons have been made of long term decay characteristics before and after irradiation in the actinide burner. It has also been noted that some of the actinides that are produced during irradiation have beneficial applications as radioisotopic power sources. These and other considerations suggest that alternate approaches to assessing the waste management problem be considered to develop a meaningful perspective on long term hazards from the actinides.« less


The variety of biological systems which are modulated by naturally occurring cyclopropanes has only been realized recently. They range from antibiotic, antiviral, antifungal and insecticidal activities, control of plant growth and fruit ripening, antimycotic, thyromimetic, hormonal, carcinogenic or antitumoral activities, enzyme and gluconeogenesis inhibitions, to neuro chemical activity. Cyclopropanes are also major components of membranes,
for instance in tuberculosis cells, and key intermediates in many biosynthetic processes. Many synthetic drugs include cyclopropanes in their structure and they are also widely used to probe the mechanisms of biological processes.
Naturally occurring cyclopropenes are known to be potent enzyme inhibitors controlling key processes on the fatty acid desaturation cycle and, in one case, to be an antibacterial agent. Synthetic analogues similarly inhibit pheromone production in insects, and the production of bacterial membranes, and interfere with the behaviour of insects by blocking pheromone receptors.
When they have been demonstrated, the mechanisms responsible for the specific bioactivity of these systems are also reviewed.


Nitrogen-doped carbon xerogels (NCX) have been used as non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, a Co-Fe bimetallic nitrogen-doped carbon xerogel (CoFeNCX) electrocatalyst with high contents of quaternary N and pyridinic N and a uniformly distributed bimetallic structure was prepared by facile sol-gel and pyrolysis methods. The resulting materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, field-emission transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrochemical testing of the catalyst by using a thin-film rotating disk electrode revealed its superior performance in acidic and alkaline electrolytes. The ORR performance of the bimetallic CoFeNCX electrocatalyst was remarkably better than those of CoNCX and FeNCX materials, which was primarily attributed to the high proportions of quaternary N and pyridinic N in the CoFeNCX electrocatalyst. The non-precious metal catalysts developed herein can be used as an efficient electrocatalyst for ORR in acidic and alkaline membrane fuel cells.


Until relatively recently the majority of large publicly listed UK companies have not produced annual environmental reports. Of particular note is the slow take-up of environmental reporting amongst the UK's top 350 companies, the FTSE 350. Using the results of a postal questionnaire, the reluctance of a majority of the FTSE 350 to voluntarily report is linked to 13 drawbacks. Results from non-reporting respondents to the questionnaire allowed the relative importance of these drawbacks to be placed in a ranked order. Senior management doubt over the advantages of reporting was shown to be the most important drawback, closely followed by the effort required for data collection. A comparison in the uptake of corporate environmental management practices (other than reporting) was also made amongst reporters and non-reporters. Reporters were shown to have a generally higher level of uptake, although company sector type and size was influential on environmental engagement overall.


Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) composed of organic mixed conductors can operate in aqueous, biological media and translate low-magnitude ionic fluctuations of biological origin into measurable electrical signals. The growing technological interest in these biotransducers makes the fundamental understanding of ion-to-electron coupling extremely important for the design of new materials and devices. One crucial aspect in this process that has been so far disregarded is the water taken up by the film during device operation and its effects on device performance. Here, using a series of the same electrolyte with varying ion concentrations, we quantify the amount of water that is incorporated into a hydrophilic p-type organic semiconductor film alongside the dopant anions and investigate structural and morphological changes occurring in the film upon electrochemical doping. We show that infiltration of the hydrated dopant ions into the film irreversibly changes the polymer structure and negatively...


A number of power utilities have reported high failures of power transformers due to flow electrification phenomena. Despite extensive work for more than two decades the problem still remains unsolved because of its complexity. The paper presents the outcome of the investigation carried out on several aspects of flow electrification, viz. effect of pressboard composition, thickness, type, surface finish on the charging behaviour of the oil.


Lipoma of the mediastinum accounts for 1.6–2.3% of the primary formed mediastinal lumps.The size of this neoplasmless than 5 cm in 80% of cases and more than 10 cm in less than 1% of cases. Mediastinal lipomas are more common than subcutaneous lipomas.In a patient who applied to the Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery of the Bukhara Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center, the chest was divided into thin soft tissue barriers with a clear border on the thoracic cavity in the Multislice CTexamination. fat tissue density -95 -118 HU, dimensions 29.8x25.6x14.9 cm, a giant neoplasmoccupying the lungs was identified


The purpose of this paper is to summarize what is known, in the United States, about the effects of various forest management practices on soil and water characteristics. We approach the topic from a general viewpoint and then proceed to more specific evaluations for the forest types considered in previous sections on silvicultural systems. The collective body of scientific knowledge on this topic is extensive and represents the most complete factual research available in the world. Seven decades of research by the Forest Service, universities, and private industry provide a firm foundation for evaluating impacts at different regional levels. In some instances, information is incomplete, poorly understood, or so variable that generalizations are not possible at this time; these situations will be identified in the text.


HighlightsDeployed a wireless sensor network to track flood irrigation management in ~255 ha production scale rice fieldsUltrasonic sensors were installed in rice fields and water level data were wirelessly transmitted for the growing seasonStudy found significant relationship between automated and manual measurement methodsPotential benefits of using wireless sensor networks are described Abstract. The inclusion of automation in agricultural irrigation may improve crop management by providing organized, site-specific, and real-time information to producers. The objective of this study was to develop a rugged, wireless sensor network (WSN) and infrastructure to retrieve, process, and disseminate sensor data installed in remote rice fields. The study took place during the 2018 rice production season in eastern Arkansas. A working prototype WSN (consisting of 24 sensor nodes) was assembled and field-tested in sixteen production-sized (approximately 16 ha each) irrigated rice fields. Data were collected during the growing season and included water depth and soil water. The WSN retrieved, processed, and disseminated in-situ data from the production fields to a remote computer server. Data were made viewable via a web browser on internet-connected computers and mobile devices. The analysis quantified the benefits, costs, and practical usability of the system to assist with field condition monitoring and irrigation management in production-sized rice farming operations. Water level measurements using the WSN unit were significantly related to the actual measurements in Multiple-inlet rice irrigation (MIRI), Row rice (ROW), and Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation treatments (r = 0.453 to 0.946, p = <0.0001). However, the reliability of this equipment was challenged by field installation and maintenance. Several in-house troubleshooting methods are discussed to ensure accurate usage of this automated system in future deployments. The results of the study indicated the use of the ultrasonic sensor for estimating water level in MIRI, ROW and AWD irrigation to be a viable solution for future WSN development. The functional WSN supported sensors for automated water level and soil water measurements that could, in future, provide real-time knowledge of the field condition, and enhance resource management for the producer. Keywords: Field condition monitoring, Production scale field monitoring, Remote sensor, Wireless sensor, Wireless sensor network.


A woman died of injuries sustained during an acid attack just two days after the Indian Supreme Court issued directives to restrict the sale of acid in the open market.

On 18 July the Supreme Court directed the States and Union Territories to frame rules to regulate the sale of acids and other corrosive substances within three months and make acid attacks a non-bailable offence.

A bench headed by Justice RM Lodha said that acid should be sold only to people aged 18 years or above who have a valid identity …


This paper shows important improvements in charge pumping (CP) measurements on stacked high- k dielectrics, where the defects in high- k and SiO2 can be distinguished and estimated. The spatial profile of the interface traps and bulk traps is obtained by plotting the trap density as a function of the discharge time. Furthermore, the spectroscopic character of the base-level CP technique is demonstrated in HfSiON/SiO2 gate dielectrics by changing the applied pulse bias. It is found that when large pulse amplitude is applied to the gate, two bands appear superimposed on top of the usual base-level CP curve, suggesting the presence of two separate defect energy levels in the high-k dielectric.


Two types of complex curves are discussed: (I) those obtained for binary mixtures of substances redcing at similar potentials and (II) those corresponding to the two-electron consecutive processes: O Z R and O ⇌ Z R. A convenient procedure of curve fitting for the above two cases of complex normal pulse polarographic (NPP) curves is presented and applied for some two-electron consecutive electroreductions.


Stone and Webster's solids circulation boiler is described and its advantages are examined. The boiler rapidly achieves turndown while maintaining a constant superheat temperature and high thermal efficiency. It is fuel-flexible and offers high sulphur capture and carbon efficiency.


The aim of the current work was to evaluate the influence of total mastectomy on the quality of life. Thirtytwo patients submitted to mastectomy associated with axillary lymph node dissection were evaluated. The patients were allocated to two groups: 17 patients underwent quadrantectomy and 15 underwent total mastectomy. All participants signed written consent forms after being informed about the nature of the work. Subsequently, they were requested to complete the SF 36 questionnaire that evaluates physical capacity, physical aspect, general health state, pain, vitality, social aspect, emotional aspect and mental health. Quality of life was evaluated and the influence of mastectomy on the two groups was compared. For statistical evaluation the non‐paired t test was utilized for items with normal distributions on the Gauss curve and the Mann‐Whitney test for items with non‐normal distributions. An alpha error of 5% was considered acceptable (p‐value < 0.05). Patients' ages varied between 29 and 73 years with a mean 58.3 years. The quality of life was affected in respect to vitality in the group of patients submitted to total mastectomy, as identified using the Mann‐Whitney test (p‐value = 0.04). The partial or total mastectomy can interfere with quality of life after treatment of breast cancer


THE expanding usage of electromagnetic radiation has necessitated an understanding of its interaction with humans. Such knowledge is vital to evaluate and establish radiation safety standards, to determine definitive hazard levels, and to understand several of the interaction effects reported in the literature.1 The need for research in this area is clearly exemplified by the widely disparate safety levels that are used worldwide at the present time. In the United States the safety level is 10 mW/cm.2 for long-term human exposure at any frequency and regardless of physical environment, whereas the recommended maximum safe power density in Eastern Europe and the U.S.S.R. is 1,000 times less at a level of 0.01 mW/cm.2 Several countries, including Canada2 and Sweden,3 are in the process of revising their safety standards downward from previously accepted levels of 10 mW/cm.2 Biological studies of the effects of electromagnetic radiation have used laboratory animals such as rats, rabbits, etc. for the study of behavioral and biochemical changes. For these experiments to have any projected meanings for humans, it is necessary to be able to quantify the whole-body power absorption and its distribution for the various irradiation conditions. It is further necessary that dosimetric information be known for humans subjected to irradiation at different frequencies and under realistic exposure conditions. Unlike ionizing radiation, where the absorption cross-section of a biological target is directly related to its geometric cross section, wholebody electromagnetic energy absorption has been shown4-12 to depend strongly on polarization (orientation of electric field E of the incident


Valdosta State University (VSU), fulfills the academic needs of the South Georgia area. Student performance on the state mandated science assessment was well below achievement levels compared to other subject areas. VSU must reach out to science teachers in the area to improve teaching skills if their students are to become productive, contributing members of local communities. It was with these needs in mind that the inquiry learning and technology utilization project for middle grades and high school teachers was developed. The educational significance of this study was to advance the existing body of knowledge and improve science classroom instruction by assisting middle and high school teachers to become knowledgeable and proficient with inquiry-based teaching consistent with both state and national educational reform efforts, and to obtain necessary experience and skills to incorporate instructional technologies into the inquiry-based teaching format. Due to the one-year length of the project, teachers were supported through concerns identified with three distinct stages of change implementation: preparation, acceptance,' and commitment, allowing disciplinewide adoption and considerable change in practice to be achieved. Participants of the research project included 50 public school teachers from four countries in South Georgia, certified to teach either middle grades or high school science. A Florida group included 20 teachers certified to teach grades 4-12. Student preand posttest data indicated adequate to high levels of science achievement. More importantly, teachers noted, via reflective writings, an increase in student enthusiasm. Teacher response was overwhelmingly positive. Worthwhile educational change requires new knowledge, attitudes and behaviors. The inquiry-technology integration project seemed to effectively supply these key requirements to science educators in South Georgia. (Contains 18 references.) (AEF) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. Integrating Technology and Inquiry Pedagogy: NeedsBased Professional Development By: Brian L. Gerber & Andrew J. Brovey PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY it s U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to Mn improve reproduction quality. CiN lin TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinions stated in this INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent 1"1 N 1 official OERI position or policy. 0 g 0-4 BEST COPY AVAILABLE


The interventionist account of causation (Woodward 2003) analyzes causal claims in terms of correlations under interventions, manipulations of variables which satisfy certain explicitly causal conditions. Campbell (2007) has recently argued that one of these conditions – the so-called 'surgical' constraint on interventions – runs into trouble when we try and extend interventionism to model causation in psychology. The problem, he argues, is that the constraint implies that an intervention on an intention to A should remove that intention from the influence of its rational causes, such as a belief that doing A will make one happy. But it is implausible that our interest in psychological causation is an interest in what would happen in situations in which the rational autonomy of an agent is suspended in this way.


In the real-time simulation of dynamic systems, including hardware-in-the-loop (HITL), the direct determination of simulation errors resulting from finite numerical integration step sizes and input/output frame rates has always been elusive. The method for dynamic error measurement introduced in this paper is based on comparing two real-time simulations, one with the nominal integration step size and the second with an augmented step size. Accurate interpolation formulas are then used to convert the discrete times associated with the data sequence outputs from the second simulation to the discrete times for the first simulation. This permits a direct calculation of the difference between the two solutions at common discrete times, from which the deviation of either simulation from the solution for zero step size can be calculated with a simple formula. Although only approximate, this procedure results in calculated dynamic errors that are surprisingly accurate, as is demonstrated in example simulations in the paper. Furthermore, it permits direct determination of the dynamic errors associated with each of the constituents making up the total simulation error. For example, in a multi-rate simulation run on a single processor, it allows separate examination of the dynamic errors associated with each frame rate, which in turn permits the determination of an optimal frame-rate ratio. In a multi-processor simulation, it allows the dynamic errors associated with each processor simulation to be determined separately. It also permits direct determination of the effect of input/output sample rates on the overall dynamic accuracy. When lack of run-to-run repeatability becomes a problem for HITL simulations due to the presence of noise in the hardware, logged hardware output data from the first simulation can be used to provide computer inputs for subsequent simulations in order to restore the repeatability needed for on-line calculation of simulation errors. With the use of extrapolation methods already developed for asynchronous simulation, all of the above techniques can be implemented on-line in a real-time simulation environment.


The chemical changes of high-mass star-forming regions provide a potential method for classifying their evolutionary stages and, ultimately, ages. In this study, we search for correlations between molecular abundances and the evolutionary stages of dense molecular clumps associated with high-mass star formation. We use the molecular line maps from Year 1 of the Millimetre Astronomy Legacy Team 90 GHz (MALT90) Survey. The survey mapped several hundred individual star-forming clumps chosen from the ATLASGAL survey to span the complete range of evolution, from prestellar to protostellar to H ii regions. The evolutionary stage of each clump is classified using the Spitzer GLIMPSE/MIPSGAL mid-IR surveys. Where possible, we determine the dust temperatures and H2 column densities for each clump from Herschel/Hi-GAL continuum data. From MALT90 data, we measure the integrated intensities of the N2H+, HCO+, HCN and HNC (1–0) lines, and derive the column densities and abundances of N2H+ and HCO+. The Herschel dust temperatures increase as a function of the IR-based Spitzer evolutionary classification scheme, with the youngest clumps being the coldest, which gives confidence that this classification method provides a reliable way to assign evolutionary stages to clumps. Both N2H+ and HCO+ abundances increase as a function of evolutionary stage, whereas the N2H+ (1–0) to HCO+ (1–0) integrated intensity ratios show no discernable trend. The HCN (1–0) to HNC(1–0) integrated intensity ratios show marginal evidence of an increase as the clumps evolve.


sarcoma. This is the biggest risk of taking Forteo, and it is a pretty serious one. Patients with a history of Paget's Disease of bone or unexplained elevations of serum alkaline phosphate, open epiphysis or prior radiation therapy involving the skeleton should not take Forteo. Patients taking Forteo should not smoke or drink alcohol, and the most commonly reported side effects are nausea, leg cramps and dizziness. Forteo is definitely a promising method for treating periodontal disease, but the risk of bone cancer is definitely something patients and practitioners need to consider. We must remember as clinicians that our traditional methods have had success and should be utilized first, and Forteo can be used in the cases that do not respond to scaling and root planing or periodontal surgery. Forteo certainly will change how we view periodontal cases, but at this time it is a risky treatment and has not been studied enough with periodontal patients to say for sure that it will eradicate periodontal disease.


At present, China is striding forward from a big industrial country to an industrial power, and the industrial development is closely connected with engineering education. The new engineering program put forward by the Ministry of education is the fundamental policy for China's engineering education to grow into a powerful engine of national innovation driven development. So far, the Ministry of engineering has put forward a new concept of "action guide for colleges and universities" and "Fudan University" and "Fudan University"[]. The exploration and practice of new engineering courses in Colleges and universities all over the country are also in full swing, gradually becoming a prairie fire.


The mesomorphic properties of various terminally alkyl and/or alkoxy substituted azobenzenes are investigated. The non-polar dialkylazobenzenes have nematic and smectic A phases. For each alkyl group that is replaced by an alkoxy group (thus introducing an outboard dipole moment) the tendency to form a smectic C phase is increased. These results can be rationalized in terms of a dipole model of the smectic C phase, and do not support the idea that this phase occurs mainly because of steric interactions between zig-zag shaped molecules. In the case of only one outboard dipole moment there are two possibilities for a model with dipole interaction, one of which has ferroelectric smectic layers. This situation could possibly provide a model for the smectic F phase. LE JOURNAL DE PHYSIQUE TOME 38, OCTOBRE 1917, Classification Physics Abstracts 61.30


Ecogenetics is the study of genetically determined differences among individuals in their susceptibility to the actions of physical, chemical, and biological agents in the environment. An individual's most basic level of response to these environmental agents may be the ability to repair physical and chemical damage to DNA. We have been engaged in a survey of DNA-repair measurements in a healthy working population in order to determine the extent of the population variability in these endpoints and to assess the value of these screening protocols in identifying individuals who are at the extremes of the distribution. In addition, we are measuring intraindividual variation over time, as well as the correlations between measurements of different repair systems. The endpoints that we have chosen to use are cytogenetic responses (SCE's and micronucleus formation) and DNA excision repair (unscheduled DNA synthesis and removal of O{sup 6} guanine methylation) in human peripheral lymphocytes exposed to 254 nm ultraviolet light, x-rays, the bifunctional alkylating agent mitomycin C, or the monofunctional alkylating agent N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). These four test mutagens produce spectra of DNA lesions eliciting different types of DNA repair. 3 refs., 1 tab.


We are preached to believe that the long history of upper Varnas people in India is soaked in the blood of generations of poor Shudras. This was done because; a few sages sitting in their remote hermitages discuss dharma in the company of their peers and disciples. Such totalitarianism has been possible because the literary traditions of early India speak of Varna system and the western scholar's confused the term Shudra with untouchability. Thus, scriptural legitimating had nothing to do with the creation and perpetuation of Varna system, much less with the oppressive and discriminatory nature of the system. Generally Varna was confused with Jati and Jati with the caste. And all these notions were not the product of Dharmasastras nor were they tied up into relationship of exploiter and exploited big and small. A couple of questions, which bother the inquisitive scholars of Indian history on this issue, are:  Were Sudras aborigines?  Whether Sudras were Kshatriyas or a independent tribe?  Whether the Origin to Sudras is colour centric?  Whether the Sudras were an Aryan on pre-Aryan tribe, and if Aryan, when did they come to India? These questions call for reinvestigations and revisit:


Perhaps more than in any other subfield of sociology, researchers in economic sociology tend to justify their work through opposition to a rival discipline (Sorensen 2003). Yet a fixation on the flaws in economics is dangerous for at least two reasons. First, if we focus exclusively on showing how sociological theories are superior to neoclassical models, we risk overlooking our theories' own limits, which often become clearer when applied to new domains. Thus, consider the motivation for the article by Zajac and Westphal (2004, henceforward Z&W) in this issue ofASR. Z&W assert that their article is important because "little research has examined whether and how [neoinstitutional] processes influence the perceptions of actors in financial markets, and... determine the market value of corporate policies (p. 434)." The stated objective of their study is not to address a weakness or gap in neoinstitutional theory but to apply it to a new phenomenon. Yet how well does neoinstitutional theory, and the notion of institutional decoupling in particular, translate to financial markets? And can such an application help clarify the conditions under which neoinstitutional processes are more likely to operate? Another potentially dysfunctional outcome of economic sociologists' oppositional posture towards economics is that, if we are too eager to find a neighboring discipline's faults, we are more likely to overlook valuable research by that discipline. Consider the topic of Z&W's article. I warrant that very few ASR readers are familiar with the financial economics literature on share repurchases. We thus are compelled to rely on Z&W to provide a thorough and accurate summary of such research. But if the tendency among economic sociologists is to assume that economists are hopelessly naive, authors will be more likely to conduct a cursory literature review, and journal referees will be less motivated and able to hold authors account-


A method for determination of Se, As, Sn, Sb in biological materials using Hydride inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (HY-ICP-AES) is described. The effects on concentration of 2.88mol/L, 4.8mol/L, 6.0mol/L HCl for the intensity of spectral line Se, As, Sn, Sb, Hg, Ge are compared. The effects on ascorbic acid in the NaBH_4 solution for determination of Se, As. Sb, Sn, Hg, Ge are also compared. The biological materials are digested by HClO_4-HNO_3 (1:5) and are dissolved by HCl. The detection limits of HY-ICP-AES on concentration of 4.8mol/L HCI and 0.50% ascorbic acid in the 1% NaBH_4 solution are: Se 0.3ng/ml, As 2.5ng/ml, Sn 5.0ng/mi, Sb 0.4ng/ml, Hg 0.3ng/ml, Ge 8.0ng/ml, The method, is detected using CHINA Certified Reference Materal: GBW09101. The. results of Se, As, Sn, Sb are good.


This article shows that some postmodernist sceptical doubts concerning the attainability of knowledge of the past are based on an inconsistent conception of truth and objectivity. After a brief summary of the postmodernist challenge for history concentrating on four basic arguments, I will depict Donald Davidson's conception of truth and interpretation. According to his theory of radical interpretation, the meaning of our most basic words is tied to historic situations in which a triangulation between speaker, interpreter and the world takes place. The concepts of truth and objectivity also originate in these situations. On the basis of this theory most forms of scepticism lose their force: for interpretation to take place one has to assume that the other is largely right about the world. Moreover, the community's standards of truth and objectivity cannot be tested against a more ultimate standard. Hence it is not intelligible how the objectivity and truth of our most basic and shared beliefs – understood in a non-epistemic way – might be questioned. In the conclusion I will elaborate on the implications of Davidson's theory for history and argue that it renders the common forms of historical scepticism implausible while supporting a 'deflated' historical realism and at the same time avoiding the mistakes of naïve forms of realism.


The Carboniferous Borohoro intrusion is a very large batholith, which is mainly composed of diorite, with quartz diorite, granodiorite, monzogranite, granite, porphyritic granite developed at edges of the batholith. This pluton belongs to the hornblende-rich strongly to intermediately calc-alkaline series. The formation of the pluton is mainly related to plate subduction. SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons from this diorite yields an apparent 206Pb/238U age of 308.2±5.4 Ma. The youngest strata intruded by the pluton are the Lower Carboniferous Dahalajunshan Formation. This pluton is the plutonic component of Carboniferous active continental-margin volcanic rocks. The pluton and the Carboniferous volcanic rocks together form the active continental-margin type magmatic arc in the area, which suggests that paleoplate subduction took place in this area during the Late Paleozoic.


The mounting volume of wrappings and waste materials from different types of site has been studied by the National Swedish Institute for Building Research. Methods of removal must be improved, it is suggested, and the relative costs involved accounted for in design and in estimating.


The structure of conceptual representations of personality traits was investigated using the 75 trait terms in everyday language which were previously employed for the ratings for actual people (Isaka, 1990). Subjects were asked to estimate how possible it is for each of 75 traits to coexist with the other 74 traits. The three factors obtained corresponding to the commun «Big Five» factor (e.g., Norman, 1963) were; 1) Extroversion with a negative connotation, 2) Kindness/Agreeableness, and 3) Dominance and Industriousness/Conscientiousness. The multi-dimensional analysis showed the circular representation of those traits, with seven clusters derived from cluster analysis dividing the circle


The work provides data on the dynamics of the abundance of 205 taxa from 19 genera: Cleptes, Colpopyga, Elampus, Omalus, Philoctetes, Pseudomalus, Hedychridium, Hedychrum, Holopyga, Chrysidea, Chrysis, Euchroeus, Chrysura, Pseudochrysis, Spinolia, Spinolia, including species rare and new for the fauna of the North Caucasus and Russia. By the nature of the population dynamics, five groups of cuckoo wasps were identified: spring – represented by 7 species from 4 genera; spring-summer – 76 species from 10 genera; summer – 113 species from 16 genera; summer-autumn – 4 species from 2 genera and spring-summer-autumn – 5 species from 3 genus. According to the duration of flight, eurychronous species of cuckoo wasps were identified, which are found throughout the season from spring to autumn; mesochronous – the years of which affect the end of May and summer months and stenochronous – confined to a short period of time. Eurychronic accounted for 2.4%, mesochronous 24.9%, stenochronic 72.7%. The number of generations of cuckoo wasps is related to the dynamics of the number of the host. In the mountains, the peaks of activity shift towards the middle of summer, most species have one peak of activity; due to the frequent changes in weather conditions in the mountains, the phenological characteristics of the cuckoo wasps and their hosts do not coincide in terms with the lowland populations and the periods of activity can be extended in time. Phenological characteristics of rare and new species for the fauna of the North Caucasus and Russia are presented for the first time. The data obtained expand the understanding of the biodiversity and dynamics of the abundance of cuckoo wasps in the North Caucasus and can be used for environmental protection measures and rational nature management in the south of Russia.


Self-formation of permafrost landscapes is determined by the phenomenon of cryobiogenesis and its effects. Cryobiogenesis is a unity and cooperation of biogenic and cryogenic processes that form permafrost ecosystem, where geochemical processes and migration of chemical elements are closely associated and interconditioned by energy, matter and information of living matter and cryogenesis. Continious periodical (winter-summer) circulation of mater in time i.e. cryogenic and biological one that is characterized by unity, interaction and cooperation with each other is the main condition of origin and development of permafrost landscapes. Periodicity and interaction of the main opposite winter (cryogenic) and summer (biogenic) processes provide integrity and stability of the system. The periodicity of phenomena (winter-summer, glaciation-Interglacial) is an important feature of permafrost landscapes. This feature is a generalizing criterion and measure of the system self-formation. The biological circulation plays the main forming role in the permafrost landscapes. They joint together the biogenic and cryogenic cycles of migration i.e. flows of matter and energy of biogenesis and cryogenesis, present the new information in the system that is different from the original components. Cryobiogenesis and self-formation are most brightly shown in ecosystems of the ore provinces, geochemically specialized sedimentary rocks, oil-,gasand coalbearing areas. High self-formation of permafrost ecosystems in the North Asia with high bioproductivity and biodivercity of fauna abudance (animal and fish) was the maior factor of ethnogenesis. УСПЕХИ СОВРЕМЕ


Introduction. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2). COVID-19 is now expected to stay with us for many years as a recurring disease. Molnupiravir and favipiravir are oral antiviral drugs with anti-RNA polymerase activity. The Russian Health Ministry has approved molnupiravir and favipiravir for the treatment of COVID-19. The study describes development and validation of high-performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in human blood plasma. The method could be applied in pharmacokinetic study of molnupiravir and favipiravir.Aim. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a HPLC-MS/MS bioanalytical method for the determination of β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in human plasma.Materials and methods. The determination of β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in human plasma by HPLC-MS/MS. The samples were processed by 0.1 % formic acid in acetonitrile. Internal standard: promethazine. Mobile phase: 0.01 mol/L Ammonium formate buffer solution (Eluent A), 0.1 % formic acid and 0.08 % aqueous ammonia in water/acetonitrile 10 : 90 (Eluent B). Column: Shim-pack GWS C18, 150 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm. Analytical range: 50.00–10000.00 ng/mL for β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine, 250.00–20000.00 ng/mL for favipiravir in human plasma. Ionization source: electrospray ionization. Detection conditions: 260.00 m/z → 82.10 m/z, 260.00 m/z → 111.00 m/z, 260.00 m/z → 127.95 m/z (β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine); 156.15 m/z → 65.95 m/z, 156.15 m/z → 85.00 m/z, 156.15 m/z → 113.10 m/z (favipiravir); 285.05 m/z → 198.05 m/z (promethazine).Results and discussion. This method was validated by selectivity, suitability of reference standard, matrix effect, calibration curve, accuracy, precision, spike recovery, the lower limit of quantification, carry-over effect and stability.Conclusion. The HPLC-MS/MS method for quantitative determination of β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine and favipiravir in human plasma was developed and validated. The analytical range was 50.00–10000.00 ng/mL for β-D-N4-Hydroxycytidine, 250.00–20000.00 ng/mL for favipiravir in human plasma. This method was applied to investigate the pharmacokinetics of molnupiravir and favipiravir.


Currently online shopping has become a trend. People prefer to go for online shopping. Rather than going out and shopping for themselves as it provides an easier and quicker way to purchase items of their choice with quick transactions. Recommendation systems are widely used for recommending products to the end users in their interested fields. In the existing system, most recommendations are given to the users based on the browsing history which may or may not be of user's interest and also the quality of the recommended items may not be guaranteed. This paper aims to find the efficient approach using Data Mining concept called Association Rule Mining with content-based  and collaborative filtering in order to recommend the only relevant information to the buyers. The items are recommended for the buyers based on the content of buyers past buying history and opinion of other users in order to find out the quality of the item.  Association Rule mining is used for extracting the useful information from the transaction dataset and produce efficient and effective recommendation based on buyer's interest thus satisfying the buyer in better way. Similarly for music and videos the recommendation is based on the keywords set by the Business Entity using Feature-based recommendation system.


Abstract : Concept developers answers to major issues, concerning the International Law, raised on by the Review/Clarification section of para 4.2 Summary of Recommendations , within the LOE1 Analysis Report (AR) document - 20 July 2012.


Electronic business is one of the most visible trends of the modern world. The objective of this bachelor work is to analyse and illustrate, using practical examples, the most common ways of electronic invoicing today with regard to legal aspects of Czech legislation as well as the security and efficiency thereof. The initial section of the work provides an introduction into e-business. Subsequent sections analyse the forms of electronic invoicing including concrete electronic invoicing projects. The final summary which is dedicated tothe advantages and disadvantages of electronic invoicing is an inseparable part of this work.


Objective To report the experience of 2 cases of left ventricular rupture(LVR) in 201 patients following mitral valve replacement (MVR). Methods The 201 patients included 61 with isolated MVR and 40 with double valve replacement.The prosthetic valver were secured with interrupted mattress sutures in 180 patients,and with continuous running sutures in 21 patients.The prostheses induded 63 pieces of single-leaflet tilted valves (Beijing)and 38 pieces of bileaflet valves (Medicarbo).Two patients were complicated with LVR after MVR (both Type Ⅲ). Result Two patients with LVR died. Conclusion LVR after MVR is a rare but dreadful clinical complication.The major causes of LVR after MVR included calcification of forceful retraction of the valve annulus,instrumental to the posterior left ventricular wall,too large prosthtetic valve,postoperative hypertension,inappropriate position of the anchoring sutures of the mitral valve prosthesis and too big distance of sutures.


Sales is a basic standpoint for business growth. Demand for consumer products decides the success rate of every business resulting in a profit. Proper analysis of the consumer interest in a particular product decides future sales. The ordinary tactics for sales and promotion objectives no longer help businesses keep up with the speed of a challenging market because it goes out with no knowledge of consumer buying habits. As a consequence of technological developments, significant changes can be seen in the domains of marketing and selling. As a result of such developments, multiple important factors such as consumers' buying habits, target people, and forecasting sales for the coming years can be readily determined, assisting the sales crew in developing strategies to achieve an upsurge in their company. This paper investigates the use of Association Rule Learning with Feature Extraction to forecast sales performance in order to recognise buyers. The consumer's related goods are identified using the association framework. Data on buying activities are derived from purchase invoices provided by the business. The outcome of both is utilized to create a company strategy. Support, Confidence, and Lift are the metrics used for evaluating the quality of association rules produced by the model. Based on the buyers' preferences this paper forecasts retail shop sales and predicts the association relation between the products by feature extraction with Association rule learning to improve future sales. The suggested approach is employed to discover the most common pairings of items found in the business. This will assist with promotion and revenue. This method can help you find intriguing cross-selling and connected goods. The WEKA tool was used to evaluate the correctness of the Association rule that was created.


The features of aviation enterprises are characterized by the necessity of large long-term investments, that puts before guidance the task of development of effective mechanisms of estimation them investment attractiveness. The aim of the article is further development of теоретико-методичних principles of estimation an investment by the attractiveness of enterprise by means of the credit rating. One of instruments of co-operation of investors and creditors a rating estimation, that is important informative means, indicator and instrument of support of business relationships, comes forward with enterprises. Thus, for an investor the credit  rating of international rating agencies is the estimation of financial reliability, risk of bankruptcy, solvency et cetera.  For the estimation of investment attractiveness of enterprises methodical approach is offered in relation to determination of the credit rating of aviation enterprise on the basis of determination of the credit rating. This approach consists of three stages that is bound by inter se successive copulas : informative, analytical and developments of administrative suggestions.  The informative stage performs the preparatory duty, the accumulation of information becomes his main task on enterprises that have rating. On the analytical stage the credit rating of enterprise is determined. For this purpose it is suggested to use neural networks that allow to conduct the analysis of large arrays of information and search of the hidden conformities to law. On the stage of development of administrative suggestions  development of complex of the administrative decisions at tactical and operative level, aimed at the increase of rating, comes true. The instrument of effective co-operation of enterprise and investor is offered for help the use of the credit rating, through development of model of determination of the credit rating and integration of her in the administrative system, that allows to the enterprise to work out a task at every level of management and promote the investment attractiveness.


Normal 0 MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 A non-residential missionary (NRM) is a person who is not a long-term resident of his/her field of focus but has a long-term commitment. For example, for church planters, long term commitment is to mentor/serve as long as is needed for a sustained church planting movement. What we do not mean by NRM is an individual who travels from place to place only to preach or be involved in onetime events, or events that do not build longer- term Christ-centered relationships.


In order to develop occupant safety system, airbag module must satisfy various performance targets. One of them is to operate very well in hot and cold temperature conditions and the other is to meet the various injury criteria. In this study, under considering various design variables, driver side airbags are estimated in various experimental conditions such as hot and cold conditions. By using simulation model and design of experiments, the optimal design combination of occupant restraint system is derived. Both drop tower and real crash test are used to make the simulation model more reliable.


Nine laboratories have participated in a collaborative study analysing 22 samples of spirits to determine the reliability of a modified method for the determination of the dry extract concentration. Statistical evaluation of the results revealed acceptable standard errors up to a concentration of about 20 g l–1 for use in the determination of spirit obscuration.


The essence of the problem and basic concepts. It is hardly necessary to prove the importance of taking human, subjective factors into account when studying mechanisms and processes involved in the regulation of social relations. In legal science, this means the need to consider the fact that behind such analytical categories and objects as legal norms and institutions, legal persons, subjects, and objects of legal relations, economic mechanisms, state bodies, legislative activity, the administration of the law, and so forth, there ultimately stand people with their own world view, interests, needs, value orientations, character traits, etc. The above also applies in full measure to state management theory, which is still in its formative stage. Although it has quite justifiably declared itself to be a discipline (a primarily sociological discipline), it has as yet, for the most part, laid claim only to the elaboration of problems associated with organs of management (including the analysis of them in gro...


As video games become increasingly engaging, user experience designers have begun to directly translate game elements to non-game contexts in order to create more engaging and persuading experiences. The terms gamification and gameful design, have been coined to describe this process, and over the last five years a prominent industry has been established that provides gamification services to clients. While recent research demonstrates that gamification can be effective at promoting behaviour change in various contexts, studies have also found that the use of game elements may also negatively impact a user's experience. Additionally, if persuasion is a key design goal then ethical concerns are raised -- are these types of experiences manipulative or exploitative? We propose a workshop to bring researchers and industry participants together to discuss and work through the effective and ethical design of gamified, gameful and persuasive human-computer interactions.


In a small collection of Japanese ants recently sent me for identification by Professor S. J. Kuwana, of the Imperial Agri cultural Experiment Station at Nishigahara, near Tokio, I find a single female specimen of such unusual conformation that I at first supposed it to represent an undescribed genus. On closer examination, however, it proves to be a Lasus strikingly different from the females of any of the known species, and suggests two hypotheses for both of which provision will be made in the fol lowing paragraphs. The specimen may represent either a new species or merely an aberrant female phase of some one of the known Japanese Lasii. The tatter supposition will be considered at length in the sequel; the former calls for the following, perhaps merely provisional, taxonomic description:


This paper reviews some recent developments in the high-speed photodiodes for 2.0-4.0 im spectral range. We report investigation, design and fabrication of broad bandwidth (2 GHz) GaInAsSb/GaA1AsSb p-i-n photodiodes operating in the 0.9-2.4 μm spectral range with submicroampere dark cunent. As well, we present InAs-based and InAs/InAsSbP photodiodes with long-wavelength cutoff of 3.8 μm. An analysis of the photodiode performance through the investigation of current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and spectral responsivity characteristics was carried out. Also, noise and speed-response characteristics were studied. In addition to high-speed response and low noise level these photodiodes offer room-temperature operation and hence are commercially viable. These devices are of great interest for a wide range of applications, such as high-resolution laser diode spectroscopy of gases and molecules, eye-safe laser rangefinding systems, the free-space optical link as well as systems of optical fiber communication.


Stephen Castles and Mark J. Miller, The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, 4th Edition Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009, 392 pp., £65.00 hb. (ISBN 978-0-...


The effects of artificial light at night (ALAN) on human health have drawn increased attention in the last two decades. Numerous studies have discussed the effects of ALAN on human health on diverse topics. A broader scope of how ALAN may affect human health is thus urgently needed. This paper depicts a systematic evidence map in a multi-component framework to link ALAN with human health through a comprehensive literature review of English research articles in the past two decades. A three-phase systematic review was conducted after a generalized search of relevant articles from three publication databases, namely Scopus, the Web of Science, and PubMed. In total, 552 research articles were found in four categories and on numerous topics within our framework. We cataloged the evidence that shows direct and indirect as well as positive and negative effects of ALAN on human physical and mental health. We also summarized the studies that consider ALAN as a social determinant of human health. Based on our framework and the systematic evidence map, we also suggest several promising directions for future studies, including method design, co-exposure and exposome studies, and social and environmental justice.


Using the numerical simulation method, this thesis studies the radon concentration distribution in downwind area of the flat ground uranium tailings impoundment with and without vegetation on the beach face under the wind speed of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0m/s. The numerical results show that the radon concentration decreases gradually with the increasing wind speed and distance from uranium tailings impoundment. As the wind speed is 0.5m/s, the radon concentration is higher in downwind area of uranium tailings impoundment, and accumulation range is larger and local pollution also becomes more serious. However, radon concentration and accumulation range falls rapidly with wind speed increased to 4.0m/s. At the same wind speed, radon concentration under the condition of beach face with vegetation is higher than the one without vegetation within 600m range of uranium tailings impoundment along the downwind direction, but radon concentration is lower under the condition of beach face with vegetation out of 600m range. It illustrates that vegetation can inhibit radon diffusion to some extent.


The transformation of Ni/Al layered double hydroxides to Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/NiAl2O4 composites was studied via X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The Ni/Al layered double hydroxide powders, with Ni2+:Al3+ cation ratios varying from 0.5 to 3.3, were first synthesized by a coprecipitation route. The powders were then reduced in a tube furnace under hydrogen to yield Ni/Al2O3 or under a CO/CO2 mixture to yield Ni/NiAl2O4. The reduced powders were uniaxially hot-pressed to form sintered pellets. In the case of the Ni/NiAl2O4 hot-pressed composites, the platelike morphology of the precursor was preserved in the final sintered microstructure. In contrast, due to the nucleation and growth mechanism that takes place in α-Al2O3, the Ni/Al2O3 hot-pressed composites exhibited no microstructural memory.


The vastness of the space of possible multicomponent metal alloys is hoped to provide improved structural materials but also challenges traditional, low-throughput materials design efforts. Computational screening could narrow this search space if models for materials stability and desired properties exist that are sufficiently inexpensive and accurate to efficiently guide experiments. Towards this effort, here we develop a method to rapidly assess the thermodynamic stability of a metal alloy composition of arbitrary number of elements, stoichiometry, and temperature based on density functional theory (DFT) data. In our model, the Gibbs free energy of the solid solution contains binary enthalpy contributions and ideal configurational entropy, whereas only enthalpy is considered for intermetallic competing phases. Compared to a past model for predicting the formation of single-phase high-entropy alloys [Phys. Rev. X 5, 011041 (2015)], our method is similarly inexpensive, since it assesses enthalpies based on existing DFT data, but less heuristic, more broadly applicable, and more accurate (70--75%) compared to experiment.


For more than a century, national parks have existed in New Zealand as a conservation tool to protect many of our natural landmarks. Historically, Maori have been consistently excluded from exercising control over this estate. The exclusive right to establish and manage national parks has sat firmly with the Crown. That right needs to be reconsidered. To this end the Waitangi Tribunal has recently clarified the respective rights of the Crown and Maori to manage taonga within the conservation estate. This paper attempts to apply that assessment to what many describe as the 'jewels' of the conservation estate, national parks.


I present an overview of the \openDB format" for storing, archiving, and processing VLBI data. In this scheme, most VLBI data is stored in NetCDF les. NetCDF has the advantage that there are interfaces to most common computer languages including Fortran, Fortran-90, C, C++, Perl, etc, and the most common operating systems including Linux, Windows, and Mac. The data les for a particular session are organized by special ASCII \wrapper" les which contain pointers to the data les. This allows great exibility in the processing and analysis of VLBI data. For example it allows you to easily change subsets of the data used in the analysis such as troposphere modeling, ionospheric calibration, editing, and ambiguity resolution. It also allows for extending the types of data used, e.g., source maps. I present a roadmap to transition to this new format. The new format can already be used by VieVS and by the global mode of solve. There are plans in work for other software packages to be able to use the new format.


In order to study distribution characteristics of PGEs in dusts from different type roads,samples of road dusts were collected from five roads in Shanghai and analyzed by ICP-MS following aqua regia digestion.The results show that average concentrations of Rh,Pd and Pt were 24.50,96.40,29.04 ng·g-1 in trunk road,23.18,76.92,37.21 ng·g-1 in secondary road,41.73,188.05,57.21 ng·g-1 in elevated road,13.35,63.34,18.01 ng·g-1 in expressway and 7.49,22.76,0.97 ng·g-1 in suburban road,respectively.Except Pt of secondary road was higher than that in trunk road,the rank of PGEs levels in different type roads demonstrated that elevated Road﹥Trunk Road﹥Secondary road﹥Expressway﹥Suburban road,implementation of the automobile emission standard only in central city of Shanghai were the main reason that PGEs concentrations in expressway and suburban road didn't accord with their traffic volume.If we took 1.5~1.6 km as length unit(both sides were intersection),the distribution model of PGEs in trunk road,secondary road and elevated road showed wavy type,suburb road showed semi-circle type,elevated road showed polygonal line type.The distribution model of PGEs had difference because of dissimilarity of vehicles.The contents of PGEs in intersection of trunk road,secondary road and elevated road were not possible high,the main reason was the vehicles shut down,accelerate and decelerate frequently at the place away from the junction.


The crisis over the Ebola virus has become a veterinary concern. On 7 October 2014, Spanish nurse Teresa Romero lost her dog to a court ordered euthanasia after concerns that it had been exposed to Ebola when she contracted the disease caring for an infected patient. Mrs Romero's dog became a target of fear as officials claimed that the available scientific evidence could not rule out risk of zoonotic transmission. The dog was subsequently euthanised despite a public outcry asking for it to be saved. Mrs Romero reportedly has now demanded £120 000 compensation from the officials, stating that the sacrifice of her beloved pet dog Excalibur was unnecessary and carried out 'against medical advice'.1 Since this event, the veterinary industry has become acutely aware of the Ebola risk and we are now in the limelight as our isolation procedures are scrutinised. While Ebola has been reported to have been originally harboured in dogs,2 the risk of transmission between dogs and humans appears to be low as there are no documented reports of Ebola being isolated in dogs.3 However, in response to Mrs Romero's loss, the American Veterinary Medical Association has just released recommendations on caring for any and all dogs suspected of having come in contact with an infected person. These dogs need to be isolated for 21 days under strict transmission-based isolation precautions with handlers wearing protective equipment recommended by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) for persons caring for Ebola patients. Any animals that test positive for the disease are to be euthanised and their bodies incinerated.4 For most of us in the veterinary industry, we are aware of a handful of zoonotic diseases that affect the patients that we see most often. We all have studied barrier nursing and honed our aseptic skills in clinical practice. We are adept at caring for infectious cases like parvovirus or calicivirus and we know how to employ basic isolation precautions, but are we prepared to deal with a newly emerging disease like Ebola? Are we fully informed of transmission-based isolation precautions? Do we all know the inadequacies of footbaths, or the types of disinfectants which do not adequately kill non-enveloped viruses?5 While the actual risk of Ebola infecting our patients seems to be virtually nil, there is still the risk of a pet acting as a vector for the virus after contact with an infected person. It is a good time to remind veterinary nurses to be prepared for zoonotic diseases and have a set procedure for employing a full range of isolation precautions. Stay current, look to the evidence, in both animal and human studies, and take steps to improve current isolation standards if they are not meeting basic guidelines. Be prepared to collaborate with human health care workers when required and be vigilant to any incoming human health concern in the news. Set guidelines for how you will communicate with authorities and the media and above all, keep records of exactly what is done to establish isolation precautions in the event of an outbreak in your area. As veterinary nurses, we are on the frontline of the battle to identify and isolate zoonotic diseases. Considering how prevalent zoonotic diseases are, it is essential that every one of us is aware of clinical signs, risk levels and procedures when dealing with a potential zoonosis in the news. This is one area that we all must stay current, not just for our patients, but also for ourselves and our communities. We hope you enjoy this issue.


Generally,the traditional data acquisition system used 485 bus networking mode.However,485 bus has a lot of limitations,for example,low bus efficiency,poor real-time performance,low communication reliability,high maintenance cost,complex network engineering debug,non-ideal transmission distance,fewer single bus nodes and non-flexible application etc.The data acquisition system based on the CAN bus solve the inherent problems in the 485 network successfully,and the CAN bus is one of the most widely-used field bus internationally.The system uses the Philips ARM-based CAN controllers LPC2364 as a main controller to achieve real-time data collection.Through powerful data management software,this system realized informative management for inventory,production,financial and other production process,and also facilitated information management maintenance and enquiries.


An abstract sculpture of three sheets of Cor-Ten steel, which lean inward to form a triangle. An additional piece of steel leans at same angle on inside of west slab and is parallel to it, creating a smaller triangle. Each of the triangular openings echo one of the three paths that meet at the site.
http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?uri=full=3100001~!302953!0
CJD 3/14/2008


Given the importance of human resource development in defining the competitiveness of economies in the globalisation era, the paper evaluates the performance of the Caribbean in the education sector vis-à-vis several comparator countries – the Newly Industrialised Economies of East Asia (Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, South Korea); the New Tigers (Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia) and a group of developed countries (US, UK, Japan). The paper also reviews the performance of the Caribbean with respect to manufacturing exports and particularly high technology manufacturing exports and ICTs. In both the education sector indicators, the manufacturing and the ICT indicators, there is generally a significant gap between the Caribbean and the comparator countries. The paper then looks at specific issues related to the previous discussion. These include the need for skills enhancement of the labour force; the need for a regional technological development strategy; the role of ICTs in human resource development and the strategies for human resource development in the high performing Asian countries.


Mathematical communication ability is a very important ability in learning mathematics. Through mathematical communication, students can explore and connect ideas, ideas, and solutions they get. The ideas, ideas, and solutions obtained are then transformed in the form of mathematical models. One of the subjects that requires the ability to convert story language into mathematical language or mathematical models is linear programming. Mathematical models in linear programming consist of linear inequalities that have many solutions. In solving math problems each student has their own cognitive style. Cognitive styles Impulsive and reflective describe the tendency of students to show sooner or later when responding to a problem situation, this cognitive style allows students to analyze differences in solving a mathematical problem. The pandemic Covid-19 that hit almost all countries in the world including Indonesia has an impact on teaching and learning activities, so it must be online. Several obstacles can arise in this online learning process so that students must find solutions to the obstacles they face. Therefore, the description of this conceptual article review aims to describe students' mathematical communication skills in solving linear programming problems in online learning in terms of cognitive styles impulsive and reflective. © 2022 Author(s).


Although transfusion therapy may save the patient's life, it also carries the risk of severe complications and is therefore recommended only when all other forms of treatment have proved ineffective. The decision to transfuse should be preceeded by careful evaluation of the clinical condition of each individual patient and not be based exclusively on laboratory results (e.g. hemoglobin concentration). Whenever possible, only such components should be transfused, the lack of which is responsible for the disease symptoms. Most blood is separated into components prior to transfusion which offers several advantages: i) blood resources are conserved therefore several patients can benefit from one donated unit ii) each component is stored in optimal conditions iii) a specific component can be transfused in large amounts to those who are in need of it. Transfusion medicine in a hospital setting is focused on ensuring that 'the right blood is given to the right patient in the right time and the right place'.


11 Mare Ovarian Follicular Dynamics INTRODUCTION Reproductive activity in horses is seasonally dependent, as it is primarily affected by the length of daylight (photoperiod). In mares, an increase in the duration of daylight (long-day photoperiod) activates reproductive activity, while shortening the duration of daylight (short-day photoperiod) triggers its termination. Therefore, the physiologic breeding season, or the ovulatory season, of the mare lasts from early spring, until late summer. Therefore, the duration of the ovulatory season that mares experience depends on the geographical latitude at which they live; however, genetics, nutrition, climate, and other environmental factors may play a role as well. During the breeding season the non-pregnant mare will have recurring estrous cycles. The estrous cycle is defined as the period from one ovulation to a subsequent ovulation, with each ovulation being accompanied by signs of estrus and plasma progesterone concentrations below 1 ng/ml (1-2). The equine estrous cycle is commonly described as a combination of a follicular phase, or estrus, and a luteal phase, or diestrus. During estrus, the mare is sexually receptive to Ovarian Follicular Dynamics During the Estrous Cycle in the Mare


A new, compact Fourier Transform Michelson interferometer (FTUVS) with an unapodized spectral resolution of 0.07 cm-1 has been developed for field and laboratory measurements of trace gas-phase species in the UV through visible region (200-800 nm). The instrument uses a flex pivot swing carriage mechanism driven by a voice coil actuator with a maximum translation of 5 cm. Essentially frictionless motion is achieved with high mirror velocity stability (rms velocity error less than 0.01%). Residual alighment errors are corrected dynamically to 0.1 μrad using a servo-controlled piezoelectric mirror tilt mechanism. The mirror moves at a constant velocity controlled by a commercial HP Laser Positioning System servo-axis driver which uses a 2.1 MHz Zeeman split, linearly polarized two-frequency He-Ne laser. The Doppoer shifted beam from the arm with the moving mirror is compared to the laser reference frequency for measurement and control of the mirror velocity.


The principle of relativity is a new principle in dutch administrative law. It restricts the annulment powers of the administrative judge. The article deals with the concept of the principle and the appearance in case law of the administrative judge


Deodorant effect of yellow wine,aqueous extraction of ginger,onion and garlic and yellow wine together with extraction of ginger,onion and garlic were compared in fresh grass carp deodorization,and the most effective deodorant,yellow wine together with extraction of ginger,onion and garlic was used to keep the preservation quality of grass carp fillets.The effects on preservation quality were determined by biochemical(pH,total volatile basic nitrogen,thiobarbituric acid),microbiological(total bacterial count) and sensory determinations during storage at 4°C.The extraction exhibited a beneficial effect on inhibiting lipid oxidation and bacterial growth in the fillets.Increases of pH,total volatile basic nitrogen,thiobarbituric acid and total bacterial count in fillets during storage were significantly reduced by the extraction.


To research into the factors influencing volumetric sweep efficiency,the calculation model of volumetric sweep efficiency was built combined with dynamic pressure drop.Based on the experiment equation for oil-water interval in Welge equation and started from the basic principle of material balance,the author put forward a kind of calculation method of volumetric sweep efficiency for expansion water drive combined experiment data with dynamic data in field,such as efficiency of water flooding,volumetric sweep efficiency of water drive and the relationship between the average water saturation and exit-end water saturation.This method is not confined by well pattern and variation of adjustment.It introduces the parameters of recovery degree,water cut,pressure drop into equation and defines the influence factors of every parameters on volumetric sweep efficiency for expansion water drive.The reliability of formula is verified through an example in the northwest Yan 2 of Baolang Oilfield.The results show that this equation has strong applicability in predicting the volumetric sweep efficiency of non-steady-state water influx reservoir with nonsteady-state water supplement and remarkable pressure drop.


Reprimand is one of remarkable featrues in ancient novels. The novels were not well-received in ancient literature history, but they still had their own position because of reprimand and punishment.


This is one of the most popular shrines in Buddhism, the famous temple of the Tooth in Kandy. Here they have a tooth of the Buddha which has come to have special attraction in popular Buddhism and is the occasion for one of the greatest festivals in Theravada Buddhism when the tooth is carried through the streets once a year in solemn procession.


Pure cotton grey fabric is treated with mellow finish,and specification parameters and major wearability index before and after mellow finish are tested and compared.The result of the experiment shows that mellow finish can improve the wearability of cotton fabric.


Understanding spatial patterns of species richness is a hot topic in macroecology because of its significance in biodiversity conservation. In many previous studies, current environmental variables representing energy and water availability have been considered as the main drivers of geographic diversity patterns. However, the roles of different environmental variables vary for different taxonomic groups and distinct biogeographic extents; therefore, there is no consensus among ecologists on which environmental variables are primary drivers of the spatial variation in species richness. China covers a wide range of latitudes and longitudes and has a wide range of variation in climate and vegetation (e.g., from tropical rain forest in the south to boreal forest in the northwest and desert in the north and northwest) . Thus, China offers great opportunity for testing the relationships between species richness and environment. In the present study, geographic pattern of ant species richness in China and its relationships with environmental factors were investigated based on ant distribution data and environmental variables at a provincial scale. Several studies on the distribution of ants in other


We investigated whether a raster image on a Head-Up Display (HUD) might interfere with runway recognition during a low-visibility (CAT II and IIIa) approach. The primary reason for incorporating a HUD into the flight deck is to allow the pilot to observe instrument information while maintaining a view of the outside scene. The raster image could, however, obscure the outside scene, leaving the pilot unaware that the approach or runway lights are visible. In our HUD lab, twenty-one subjects were asked to observe a simulated outside scene through a HUD and indicate when they first saw runway approach lights. Each subject was presented 12 data runs with a simulated 35-GHz raster radar image and stroke symbology simultaneously presented on the HUD, and 12 data runs with only stroke symbology on the HUD. Each run was conducted under simulated fog conditions of either 700-ft Runway Visual Range (RVR) or 1200-ft RVR. We found that the presence of the radar image decreased the recognition range by 24 percent (z equals 5.71, p < 0.001). Subjective comments by the study participants show that the radar serves as a valuable aid in confirming flight path alignment with the runway under low-visibility conditions.


The discharge rate and permeable rate of the water coal gas fluid in coal seams of Wangying mine are measured,and the dependence of the measuring upon the degree of water saturation is examined as well.Based on the data obtained,a mathematical model which gives the basic law for water coal gas seepage is established.The model is useful for coal gas exploitation.


The redox-active metals iron and manganeseare required for energy metabolism,protection against oxidative stress anddefense against infections.In eukaryotes,both divalent metals are transported byNramp transporters.The sequence of thesetransporters was remarkably conservedduring evolution.Several bacterial Nramphomologs (MntH) are also proton-dependentmanganese transporters.Here,we presentphylogenetic evidence for the polyphyleticorigins of three groups of MntH proteins andfor possible Nramp horizontal gene transferwith eukaryotes.We propose that theevolution of the MntH/Nramp family is related to adaptation to oxidativeenvironments,including those arising during infection of animals and plants.


The ability of people to adapt to limited resources is particularly remarkable in areas dominated by only one plant species. In the case of one indigenous people of northwestern Namibia, the Himba, often the only readily available plant material is that of the mopane ( Colophospermum mopane) due to harsh soil and weather conditions. By interviewing various Himba in seven different compounds located around Epupa Falls, Namibia, I was able to grasp the wide usage and cultural importance of mopane. They use nearly every part of this tree for various purposes spanning from construction to pain relief clearly showing the Himba's ability to maximize its potential. From personal interaction, it was clear that not only is the mopane ingrained into their daily lifestyle, but also into the Himba culture, as the basis of religious communication with the afterlife. Additionally, based on observation of the area, the cultural importance of mopane for the Himba may unintentionally protect it, given the close relationship between the people and the tree. Based on its myriad of uses, mopane plays an important role in the preservation of a traditional culture that is at the brink of modernization. Introduction Northwestern Namibia, known as Kaokoland or the Kunene Region, is classified as a mopane savanna; low lying grasslands with a dominant tree population of mopane ( Colophospermum mopane) (Chidumayo & Gumbo 201 0). Mopane savanna covers a large area, extending from southwestern Angola and into Namibia as far south as Brandberg Mountain, the highest peak in Namibia (Hogan & McGinley 2008). Poor soil conditions and annual rainfall between 60mm and 200mm make mopane the dominant plant life in ~ 2Google Mopane Use 23 certain areas (Hogan & McGinley 2008). The highest biodiversity in the region occurs around water resources, of which the only permanent river is the Kunene along the Namibia-Angola border (Hogan & McGinley 2008). The most numerous native people of this area with a population of less than 30,000, the Himba, rely heavily on this tree as one of their few and valuable resources (Lesieur 2010). For the Himba, livestock is the primary and often sole source of income (Barnett & Hume 2012), but the domestic material used in many cases is mopane. Their traditional lifestyle is being threatened by some aspects of modernization, such as the potential damming of the Kunene River (Lang 2007). However, with a growing tourism industry, there is incentive to maintain traditional practices, including the use of mopane both for practical and religious reasons (Lesieur 2010). The mopane tree is integrated into most aspects of Himba life, from the base of every architectural structure to the medium for communication with their ancestors (Malan 1995). This strong relationship between Himba and mopane reflects an ancient culture that has survived civil war, unfavorable climate conditions, and now, modernization.


In 1970 Delsarte, Goethals and Mac Williams published a seminal paper on generalized Reed-Muller codes where, among many important results, they proved that the minimal weight codewords of these codes are obtained through the evaluation of certain polynomials which are a specific product of linear factors, which they describe. In the present paper we extend this result to a class of Reed-Muller type codes defined on a product of (possibly distinct) finite fields of the same characteristic. The paper also brings an expository section on the study of the structure of low weight codewords, not only for affine Reed-Muller type codes, but also for the projective ones.


Objective To observe the result and side effects of eriotinib in patients with advanced non - smarapy in patients with NSCLC,oraling eriotinib 150 mg/time,once daily,until disease progression or the occurrence of intolerable toxicity.The median time of eriotinib was 6 months.According to WHO criteria to evaluate the efficacy and side effects.Results Among the 35 patients,none got complete response,partial response in 10 cases,stable in 14 cases,progress of the disease in 11 cases,efficiency was 28.6%,symptom relief rate more than 50.0%.The median survival time was 6.6 months,progression - free survival (PFS) was 4.5 months,1 - year survival rate was 31.4%.The main side effects were rash ( 60.0% ) and diarrhea (48.6%).Conclusions Eriotinib for NSCLC has obvious anti -tumor effect,is an effective and targeted therapy with good tolerance to drugs.

Key words:
Non -small cell lung cancer; Eriotinib; Target therapy


From the Publisher:
Aimed at those who have written several small-to-medium-sized programs, The Essence of Program Design provides a complete introduction to the varied range of design methods that are available. Each method is analysed and assessed, and comparisons are drawn to allow the programmer to ascertain which method is most suitable for the task in hand. Program design is crucial to all successful programming: if the design of a program is incorrect, then all subsequent stages of program development will be flawed. This is why The Essence of Program Design is essential reading for all undergraduate and novice programmers.


Gallium nitride (GaN) is a wide bandgap material that is already extensively used in industrial production of optoelectronic devices (light emitters) that operate in the blue and ultraviolet wavele ...


We prove that the singularities of a potential in the two and three dimensional Schr\"odinger equation are the same as the singularities of the Born approximation (Diffraction Tomography), obtained from backscattering inverse data, with an accuracy of $1/2^-$ derivative in the scale of $L^2$-based Sobolev spaces. The key point is the study of the smoothing properties of the quartic term in the Neumann-Born expansion of the scattering amplitude in 3D, together with a Leibniz formula for multiple scattering valid in any dimension.


Fierce market competition is making companies move from their traditional business strategies towards integrated strategic alliances. In order to integrate and manage their business processes like procurement, inventory, manufacturing, logistics and sales, a new technological and quantitative tool is needed. In this paper, a supply chain logistics network model is developed with the objective of minimising the total cost of production and distribution. The Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm (PS) search techniques are proposed for optimising the supply chain logistics network. The computational results of these algorithms are validated with the results obtained using Excel's Solver Optimizer.


Aimed at both the newcomer and the experienced practitioner, this introduction to Zen surveys its history, philosophies and the various schools. It includes early Zen texts on meditation, classics of poetry and guidelines on how to meditate and how to recognize a qualified Zen teacher.


Phosphaethynes bearing a 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenyl, or 2,6-di-tert-butylphenyl group were prepared. A (31)P NMR spectroscopic investigation of the chemical shifts indicated that electron-donating groups at the para position cause shifts to a higher field. Bathochromic shifts caused by the electron-donating groups were apparently observed in UV-vis spectra. The structure of 2-[2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-phosphaethyne was analyzed by X-ray crystallography.


Sustainability is becoming increasingly important, especially for manufacturing companies in the machinery and plant engineering industry. This industry has a particular responsibility as it can significantly influence the overall sustainable development due to its high resource consumption and CO2 emissions. Companies are already addressing Corporate Social Responsibility or follow the Sustainable Development Goals. Despite such guidance, companies have difficulties in implementing comprehensive sustainability strategies. This is due to the insufficient operationalization of sustainability objectives for corporate functions such as product development. Moreover, there is a high manual effort for the evaluation of the product in terms of ecological measures using existing methods such as the life cycle assessment. In addition, the possibilities for influencing sustainability are not directly apparent. Therefore, this paper introduces a sustainability assessment for machinery and plant engineering products by focusing on ecological criteria in life cycle phases that product development can influence. Based on an assignment of the measured ecological criteria to the product structure, fields of action for the development of ecological improved products can be systematically identified. Sustainability goals are incorporated into the prioritization and evaluation of the fields of action in order to derive more sustainable solutions within product development.


This paper tackles two issues which are closely related: transition from pre-entry learning to studying at university and the role blended learning strategies might have in supporting this transition. It draws on the pilot delivery of two credit-bearing modules which were delivered in two pre-entry institutions. The modules followed two different models in terms of their alignment to the pre-entry curriculum and in their mode of delivery. They were evaluated through questionnaires and focus groups with students. Both university tutors and coordinators at the schools were also interviewed in order to identify barriers in the process from their perspectives. This paper contributes to research in this field by identifying, from the key stakeholders of students' and deliverers' vantage points, factors that are specific to the blended learning process and contribute to a more structured and positive transition experience for the students. It looks at how blended methodologies can enhance the transition process, as well as what some of the barriers might be. As a consequence, the paper will provide some suggestions as to how institutions may overcome some of those issues identified in order to replicate the practice successfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]


Foliage diseases in plants can cause a reduction in both quality and quantity of agricultural production. In our work, we designed and implemented a decision support system that may small tomatoes producers in monitoring their crops by automatically detecting the symptoms of foliage diseases. We have also investigated ways to recognize the late blight disease from the analysis of tomato digital images, using a pair of multilayer perceptron neural network. One neural network is responsible for the identification of healthy regions of the tomato leaf, while the other identifies the injured regions. The networks outputs are combined to generate repainted tomato images in which the injuries on the plant are highlighted, and to calculate the damage level at each plant. That levels are then used to construct a situation map of a farm where a cellular automata simulates the outbreak evolution over the fields. The simulator can test different pesticides actions, helping in the decision on when to start the spraying and in the analysis of losses and gains of each choice of action.


Room-temperature pulsed operation of GaAs cleaved platelet lasers bulk optically pumped near the band gap by a tunable parametric oscillator has been studied as a function of several variables. Both n-type high-purity GaAs ( 1.6 \times 10^{14} cm-3 \leq N_{d} + N_{a} \leq 1.6 \times 10^{16} cm-3) and n-type Si-doped GaAs ( N_{d} - N_{a} \simeq 2-5 \times 10^{18} cm-3) have been investigated. The peak of the laser emission at threshold for all samples occurred in the range from 0.88 to 0.89 μm, but the total width of laser emission in the Si-doped samples was significantly broader than in the pure samples. As the pump photon energy E p decreased, the threshold power necessary for lasing increased. This is ascribed to the increasing penetration of the pump radiation and the consequent decrease in excess carrier density, and to the lower degree of population inversion as the pump photon energy approaches the threshold quasi-Fermi level separation necessary for stimulated emission. For the high-purity samples, the lasing behavior did not depend heavily on impurity concentration and was more strongly a function of surface and cleaved-facet quality of individual samples. Typical threshold power densities of 1.75 W/mil (corresponding to approximately 7 \times 10^{5} W/cm2) were measured and at an incident power level of twice threshold, peak power conversion efficiencies up to 4.5 percent were obtained. Measurement of a typical far-field angular mode pattern showed a full-width half-maximum power (FWHM) transverse angle of about 10°, corresponding to an emitting depth perpendicular to the pump face \sim5 \mu m. At higher excitation, stimulated emission was observed over a width of 150 A. Measurements on the Si-doped material showed marked differences from the high-purity n-type samples. At the lower pump energies used on the high-purity samples, the GaAs:Si samples were more transparent, and consequently, higher pump energies had to be used to obtain lasing. Thresholds comparable to those in the pure GaAs were measured, and lasing occurred at roughly the same wavelength as before. However, at a pump power twice threshold, stimulated emission occurred over an increased range from 0.88 to 0.91 μm, a width of 300 A, and the measured FWHM angle decreased to 6°. Peak power conversion efficiencies up to 11 percent have been obtained. This material seems to be quite promising for obtaining efficient bulk optical pumping, with the advantages of lower optical flux densities at the resonator faces and better spatial mode quality.


It was revealed that the selection for increasing resistance to infectious diseases has led to some changes in morfotype of carp breeds and clarified necessary conditions when choosing of selection-valuable genotypes in selection. Is presented the comparative rating of reproductive characteristics of Moldavian breeds carp (Cyprinus carpio). Was defined the efficiency of selection: to the fifth generation were increased main indicators of reproduction in comparison to the standards of these breeds and norms.


The software-defined sonar technology is a inevitable trend of development for future underwater sonar equipments.In term of the connotation of the software-defined sonar,the target auto-tracking system with digital sonar is studied by means of a model driven architecture,and the modeling of the platform independent model is performed,for which the domain stratification of high correlation and low coupling is carried out for its main affairs.The software simulation and the auto-tracking of analog targets are achieved on computer by xUML(executing unified modeling language)under the transformational rule(transform from the platform independent model to PSM).A reference to the development of software-defined sonar is offered.The conception of software-defined sonar is applied to the software development of the target auto-tracking systems,and the software developed by the model-driven architecture,meets the requirement of software-defined sonar.It proves that the software-defined sonar is feasible.


The informative efficiency of the market is the issue verified considering its three different kinds. The tests of the weak form have a reflection in the prices of the shares in their historical value. The majority of the research proves that there is no possibility to achieve abnormal rate of return on the basics of technical analysis. Considering half-strong form, empirical investigation do not give one straight answer, however the majority of results leans towards supporting half-strong form of informative efficiency. Consequently, it is impossible to achieve unusual profits in a longer period of time based on the technical and fundamental analysis. The next means of the efficiency which is hard to be verified is its strong form. With regard for the need to consider this issue in the analysis of the unpublic information, it is the most difficult to examine. The aim of this article is to try to verify a strong form of the informative efficiency on the basics of assumption that recommending individuals have an access to the information which is not available to the wider group of investors. The investigation was carried out on the reports from 52 institutions, which recommendations (1925 events) concern the companies of index WIG 20 between 01.01.2005 and 03.06.2008. In most cases the results of the investigations lead towards the hypothesis that there is a strong informative efficiency in the Stock-Exchange in Warsaw.


Making a combined use of bosonization and fermionization techniques, we build nonlocal transformations between dual fermion operators, describing junctions of strongly interacting spinful one-dimensional quantum wires. Our approach allows for trading strongly interacting (in the original coordinates) fermionic Hamiltonians for weakly interacting (in the dual coordinates) ones. It enables us to generalize to the strongly interacting regime the fermionic renormalization group approach to weakly interacting junctions. As a result, on one hand, we are able to pertinently complement the information about the phase diagram of the junction obtained within bosonization approach; on the other hand, we map out the full crossover of the conductance tensors between any two fixed points in the phase diagram connected by a renormalization group trajectory.


Serials registration in the current national bibliography is discussed along the following lines: serials as a subject of the current national bibliography; international recommendations regarding serials registration therein, sources of serials registration; the coverage of serials; their bibliographic description; the representation of their content; fonns of their registration; and the importance of their registration.