Background: In patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD), a key treatment goal is to improve their health status; their symptoms, function, and quality of life (QoL). While medical ...


some physicians picking $100 000 off the public money tree. Last spring, the Ontario Medical As¬ sociation and the government of Wil¬ liam Davis. arrived at a 7.75% settlement, effective 1974, and an additional 4% in 1975. Predictably, the Toronto Star an¬ nounced, "Doctors fees rise 7.75% May 1" and ran a subsidiary story en¬ titled "Toronto doctor says his col¬ leagues put profits before health". Thus


THE STATE OF THE WORLD's COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2007 ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE – in brief , THE STATE OF THE WORLD's COMMISSION ON GENETIC RESOURCES FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURE FOOD AND AGRICULTU... , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی


It is well known that the measurement of ferrite core losses is difficult, particularly under low power factor conditions for which the excitation VA drawn is large relative to the power dissipated in the ferrite core. This paper proposes a new technique, called mutual inductance neutralization, which overcomes this difficulty by compensating for the reactive power drawn by the circuit through the use of an air cored mutual inductor. Based on the technique, circuits are presented which are appropriate for core loss measurement in the absence, and the presence of a dc bias. Measured results are presented which verify the accuracy of the technique, and results are also presented showing the effect of dc bias conditions on the losses of the ferrite core under test.


Standing near the shores of Michigan's Saginaw Bay on Tuesday, May 27, 2014, Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack and Senate Agriculture Committee Chairwoman Debbie Stabenow announced a sign up for a new conservation program created in the 2014 Farm Bill. Such a political show of force does not often accompany a USDA sign-up announcement and it indicates a high level of priority and attention for this new program. This post takes a close look at the new program -the Regional Conservation Partnership program -as part of the ongoing farm bill series (all articles are available here) and building from the recent overview of the Title II Conservation programs (farmdoc daily May 14, 2014).


This study aims to develop and implement a process of learning the basic movement in long jump through a small game approach for primary education second grade students, The ultimate goal of this research is the development of a learning model produces basic movement in long jump through a small game approach, which is expected to help the process learning that there are at the practice be more effective, efficient and increase the attractiveness for students in the learning process of physical activity following the basic movement, especially the long jump. This research practically assist as an input for the relevant institutions in developing and teaching physical education in elementary schools so that the quality of teaching physical education to be more optimal. The study methodology is designed to research and development approach (Research and Development) with Borg and Gall models and data analysis techniques used are the percentage of quantitative descriptive analysis. This technique is used to analyze the quantitative data obtained from the questionnaire evaluation of teaching physical education experts regarding the results of the products developed. Subject retrieval techniques applied in this study is purposive sampling, which is also known as sampling considerations or based on certain considerations. The results of this study concluded that : 1) The basic learning model movement in long jump through a small game, students can learn effectively and efficiently. 2) Through learning approaches developed have shown the second grade students are more motivated and increase the amount of time students participate in the learning process follows the basic movement in long jump physical education subjects. The findings of this study have provided experience of elementary school students in physical activity motor foster interest, enthusiasm pleasant atmosphere of the physical education lessons.How to citeSumantri, M. (2015). Learning Model of Fundamental Long Jump Movement Based On Game Approach. Indonesian Journal Of Early Childhood Education Studies, 4(1), 35-41. doi:10.15294/ijeces.v4i1.9451


This paper developed and modify Peter and Clark (PC) causality algorithm to revisit the causal linkages between Pakistan and the leading foreign stock markets. Initially, the PC algorithm was conceived to determine causality in cross sectional data. Later on, (Swanson & Granger, 1997) for the first time used VAR residuals in PC algorithm to determine the causal ordering in time series. However, the weak point attached to VAR residuals are that it carries only contemporaneous causal information and remove all the past information. This study modify the PC algorithm based on recursive residuals proposed by (Rehman & Malik, 2014) and explore the causality among exchange rate, interest rate and stock market prices. The overall empirical results of modified PC algorithm indicate that causality is running from exchange rate, interest rate and stock market of India and Bangladesh to Pakistani stock market. The results observed from GARCH-GJR model show spill over effect from the leading foreign stock markets toward Pakistan stock market excluding Sir Lanka. The results of the study will guide the investors to be vigilant in decision making in diversified portfolio investment and hedging. Keywords: Financial Markets, PC algorithms, Causality, Graph theoretic Approach, GARCH, GJR.


Expressions are derived for the sideslip derivatives on the assumptions of the linearised theory of flow for a delta wing with small dihedral flying at supersonic speeds. A discussion is included in the appendix on the relation between two methods that have been evolved for the treatment of aerodynamic force problems of the delta wing lying within its apex Mach cone.
When the leading edges are within the Mach cone from the apex, the pressure distribution and the rolling moment are independent of Mach number but dependent on aspect ratio. There is a leading edge suction, which is a function of incidence, aspect ratio and Mach number, that contributes as well as tho surface pressure distribution to the sideforce and yawing moment.
When the leading edges are outside the apex Mach cone, the non-dirmensional rolling derivative is, in contrast to tho other case, dependent on Mach numbor arid independent of aspect ratio: the other derivatives and the pressure, however, are dependent on both variables. There is no leading edge suction force in this case.

The College of Aeronautics was founded in 1946 and was granted university status in 1969 becoming the Cranfield Institute of Technology. In 1993 it changed its name to Cranfield University.


Multi-level governance suggests that there should be no hierarchical dependency relationship between policy actors of different policy levels. In fact, the model hinges on the independent interaction of local and regional governments at national and supra-national levels without the mediating role and status of national governments. This development in fact parallels the acceptance of cities and local governments as policy actors. MLG is not a magic cure to heal every illness, but it is a method and an action plan for tackling problems. It is being used in various areas by the EU to realize European cohesion. The first and foremost among these areas is urban policies and urban regeneration practices. The EU has adopted the integrated urban regeneration approach to decrease the problems associated with social exclusions and the regeneration of problematic urban areas. Together with the enlargement process, cohesion efforts have increased, and urban programs subsidized by the EU have been implemented intensively in central, eastern, and southern European states.


In this paper, we propose a nonlinear state feedback control law for an approximated delta wing wingrock control experiment model. The stability of the closed loop system is proved and the performance is demonstrated.


This paper considers the question of the criminal responsibility of child soldiers for atrocities committed in armed conflict. It highlights the innovation introduced in international criminal law by the Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone, which permits the prosecution of children aged 15 and above. In viewing child soldiers not only as perpetrators but also as victims of human rights abuses, it argues that the existing mechanisms of criminal sanction for human rights violations that focus on punishment of the perpetrator are inadequate and that elements of restitutive justice, which are already asserted to a limited extent in recent developments in international human rights law regarding juvenile justice, should be included in the criminal prosecution process. Such an approach would satisfy the minimum requirements of justice while ensuring that child soldiers, who are often themselves the victims of human rights abuses, are appropriately sentenced.


News classification is among essential needs for people to organize, better understand, and utilize information from the Internet. This motivates the authors to propose a novel method to classify news from social media. First, we propose to vectorize an article with TD2V, our pre-trained Twitter-based universal document representation following Doc2Vec approach. We then define Modified Distance to better measure the semantic distance between two document vectors. Finally, we apply retrieval and automatic query expansion to get the most relevant labeled documents in a corpus to determine the category for a new article. As our TD2V is created from 297 million words in 420,351 news articles from more than one million tweets in Twitters from 2010 to 2017, it can be used as one of the efficient pre-trained models for English document representation in various applications. Experiments on datasets from different online sources show that our method achieves the classification accuracy better than existing methods, specifically 98.4±0.3% (BBC dataset), 98.9±0.7% (BBC Sport dataset), 94.1±0.2% (Amazon4 dataset), and 78.6% (20NewsGroup dataset). Furthermore, in the classification training process, we just encode all articles in the training set with TD2V, not to train a dedicated classification model for each of these datasets.


Extending recent work to finite temperatures, we calculate the Landau damping of a Bogoliubov excitation in an optical lattice, due to the coupling to a thermal cloud of such excitations. For simplicity, we consider a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model and restrict ourselves to the first energy band. For energy conservation to be satisfied, the excitations in the collision processes must exhibit ``anomalous dispersion,'' analogous to phonons in superfluid $^{4}\mathrm{He}$. This leads to the disappearance of all damping processes when $U{n}^{\mathrm{c}0}\ensuremath{\geqslant}6J$, where $U$ is the on-site interaction, $J$ is the hopping matrix element, and ${n}^{\mathrm{c}0}(T)$ is the number of condensate atoms at a lattice site. This phenomenon also occurs in two-dimensional and three-dimensional optical lattices. The disappearance of Beliaev damping above a threshold wave vector is noted.


The first detailed characterization of a near-Earth binary (2000 DP107) provided significant insights into the formation mechanism, orbital evolution, and physical properties of the system. Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) binaries are tidally evolved with synchronously rotating secondaries, providing constraints on asteroid mechanical properties (tidal Q and rigidity). It is expected that radar observations will permit measurements of orbital precession, with corresponding implications for the distribution of mass within asteroids.


The glass forming apparatus includes a forming device configured to form a glass ribbon from molten glass of a predetermined amount. The glass forming apparatus comprises a refractory material comprising a monazite (REPO In another example, the method of forming the glass ribbon into glass forming apparatus comprises the steps that the molten glass a predetermined amount is held in a refractory member which comprises a refractory material comprising a monazite (REPO The method includes the further step of forming a glass ribbon from molten glass of a predetermined amount.


4To whom correspondence should be addressed The tissue distribution and macromolecular binding of benzene was studied over a dose range spanning nineorders of magnitude to determine the nature of the dose– response and to establish benzene's internal dosimetry at doses encompassing human environmental exposures. [ 14C]Benzene was administered to B 6C3F1 male mice at doses ranging between 700 pg/kg and 500 mg/kg body wt. Tissues, DNA and protein were analyzed for [14C]-benzene content between 0 and 48 h post-exposure (625 Ng/kg and 5 μg/kg dose) by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). [14C]-Benzene levels were highest in the liver and peaked within 0.5 h of exposure. Liver DNA adduct levels peaked at 0.5 h, in contrast to bone marrow DNA adduct levels, which peaked at 12–24 h. Dose–response assessments at 1 h showed that adducts and tissue available doses increased linearly with administered dose up to doses of 16 mg/kg body wt. Tissue available doses and liver protein adducts plateau above the 16 mg/kg dose. Furthermore, a larger percentage of the available dose in bone marrow bound to DNA relative to liver. Protein adduct levels were 9to 43fold greater than DNA adduct levels. These data show that benzene is bioavailable at human-relevant doses and that DNA and protein adduct formation is linear with dose over a dose range spanning eight orders of magnitude. Finally, these data show that the dose of bioactive metabolites is greater to the bone marrow than the liver and suggests that protein adducts may contribute to benzene's hematoxicity.


The growing consensus that human intelligence and artificial intelligence are complementary has led to Human-AI hybrid systems. As digital platforms incorporating human-AI hybrids, platform designers need to evaluate the influence of AI on human judgment, and how such hybrid systems perform. In this paper, we investigate: Are human decisions influenced by AI agents in high uncertainty environments, such as evaluating ICO projects? Under what situations are humans able to mitigate AI agents-induced errors? Our results suggest that in general, humans are influenced by AI agents. Humans tend to use AI as a filter to rule out low quality projects, while a high AI rating triggers human expert to apply their own judgment.


There is growing evidence that solar variability influences the Earth's climate, although the underlying mechanism is not yet understood. Variations in the solar total and spectral irradiance often play a central role within various processes that have been suggested. Whereas changes in the total irradiance can affect the overall energy balance of the Earth's atmosphere, variations in its spectral distribution, in particular in the UV, have a pronounced effect on the chemistry of the Earth's upper atmosphere. Measurements of the solar total irradiance are only available since 1978 and the spectral irradiance record is even shorter. This calls for a reconstruction of irradiance variations at earlier times with the help of models. We first outline our current understanding of the main mechanism responsible for irradiance variations and describe the efforts to reconstruct them. The reconstructed total and UV irradiance is then employed to estimate the solar contribution to global warming, with particular emphasis to the period since 1970.


The article deals with the studying of the additions' influence of different nature upon wear-preventive lubrication characteristics of Litol-24 during sliding in the conditions of the abrasive wear of different alloy surfaces.


Photochemical reaction of octacyano-molybdate (IV) and -tungstate (IV) with macrocyclic ligandI ,3,5,7tetraazatricyclodecane (hexamethylenetetramine or hexamine, urotropine) has been studied in aqueous medium. Molybdenum and tungsten cyanides form complexes with hexamine in I: I stoichiometry. The substitution of cyanide ligand by the macrocycle is confirmed by the observed shift in the transitions of the electronic spectra. However, the shift in the transitions is significant in the tungsten than the molybdenum system. The rate of formation of the product depends on the concentration of hydronium ions present in the solution. The rate of the reaction increases with increase in ligand and decreases with increase in metal concentration. The rate constant and quantum yield values are higher for tungsten than molybdenum system. A rate law equation on the approximation k3>>k4 has beer. derived which confirms the experimental results . The elementary rate constants k2 and k4 have been calculated. The observed and calculated rate constant values are found in conformity with each other. In the presence of excess of ligand, the observed rate law is as under:


Clinicians will soon be able to offer patients with cardiovascular diseases, oncologic disorders, and infectious diseases drugs that take novel approaches to treating these conditions. Sessions at the recent American College of Clinical Pharmacy annual meeting in Atlanta, Ga. titled Through the Crystal Ball: Agents in the Pipeline gave pharmacists a sneak preview of the new agents that they can expect to see in the near future.


Acetaminophen is a very common drug overdose inyoung children. For the year 2001, the AmericanAssociation of Poison Control Centers reported over25,000 telephone enquiries regarding children under theage of six who were thought to have ingested anoverdose of this drug (1). Management is based upon thereported dose that has been ingested. Recommendationsfor interventions such as activated charcoal and themeasurement of the serum acetaminophen concentrationare made once a threshold dose has been exceeded. Forover a quarter of a century, the recommended thresholdhas been 150 mg/kg. The earliest literature citation thatI could find supporting this dose was from 1984 (2). Avalid threshold is required to assist poison centers inreferring to hospitals only those patients who trulyrequire the services of such facilities and to helpphysicians identify those patients who truly requireinterventions. The goal of this commentary is to assessthe validity of 150 mg/kg of acetaminophen as athreshold for interventions in a young child.MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY INYOUNG CHILDRENIt is logical to assume that this threshold is basedupon morbidity and mortality data. Although morbidityand mortality are well described after repeated dosingin young childen (3,4), the so-called ''therapeuticmisadventure,'' it is negligible after a single dose. Infact, there are no well-described deaths of childrenunder the age of six due to a single ingestion ofacetaminophen. Indeed, there are only two reports ofsevere toxicity in this age group. In 1978, Arena et al.(5) described a 14.2 kg, 40-month-old girl whoingested 11.4 g (800 mg/kg) of acetaminophen. Theserum concentration was 94 mg/L at 24h, a value thatwould be expected to produce significant hepatotoxic-ity. This occurred with her AST being 20,376 I.U. onday 3. She received supportive care and had a fullrecovery. In 1984, Lieh-Lai et al. (6) described a 12-month-old male who ingested 10.0 g of acetaminophen.Assuming a weight of 10 kg, this would amount to1000 mg/kg, a dose expected to produce significanthepatotoxicity. Despite treatment with N-acetylcys-teine, significant hepatotoxicity ensued with his ASTrising to 5,520 on day 3. He had a full recovery.Therefore this threshold dose of 150 mg/kg wasnot derived from pediatric data, as they do not exist. Alogical assumption is that it was taken from adult data.The dose of concern in an adult is 7.5–15.0 g (2).Assuming an adult body weight of 70 kg, and a dose ofconcern of 10.0 g, this amounts to 143 mg/kg. Thiswould seem to be the likely explanation, and Jacksonet al. commented that this figure was ''extrapolated''from adult data (2).


Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) have the tremendous potential to be the future solution of our energy demands. This paper attempts to model a three dimensional, single, high temperature solid oxide fuel cell operating at 800°C. The model has been prepared using the butler Volmer equations for charge transfer kinetics. For the flow of the gases in the porous gas electrodes, Brinkman Equations have been used, which are combination of Darcy's Law and the Navier Stokes Equations. We have analysed the electrical properties of SOFC developed in the model. From the simulation we have plotted the polarization curve of SOFC, which is in good agreement with the experimental data. The power characteristics representing the output power variation with the current density of the SOFC is also studied and optimum current density is defined. Additionally, the polarization characteristics representing the variation of the average current density of the SOFC with SOFC voltage is also studied.


Table of Contents * Introduction * The poset of $k$-shapes * Equivalence of paths in the poset of $k$-shapes * Strips and tableaux for $k$-shapes * Pushout of strips and row moves * Pushout of strips and column moves * Pushout sequences * Pushouts of equivalent paths are equivalent * Pullbacks * Appendix A. * Tables of branching polynomials * Bibliography


A brief overview of the main works and achievements of Alexander Graham Bell, an educated teacher for the hard of hearing and public figure, author of 30 US patents, is mainly given in the field of telephony and sound recording and reproduction. Biographical information about the Bell family, as well as some interesting facts from his life and activities are given. Scotsman by birth, A. Bell from his youthful years was carried away by the acoustic features of the human voice apparatus and devoted his entire life to teaching the deaf to the perception of oral speech. The first success in this field Bell reached, opening a private school for the deaf in Boston. Bell's creation of the phone was the result of his attempts to facilitate communication with the hard-of-hearing and led to the development of mass communications technology around the world. Alexander Bell is also known for his achievements in the design of hydroplanes, hydrofoils and as one of the founders of the popular magazine National Geographic. He was awarded many honorable awards and academic titles.


It is hard to believe that Orwell has been dead for thirty years already. He still speaks to us with more vigour and clarity than most of the commentators and politicians whose prose can be read in today's newspapers. Yet, it seems that many people still misunderstand him; this misunderstanding probably developed for political reasons not unlike those which, during the 'fifties for instance, enabled Sartre and Beauvoir to excommunicate from the leftist intelligentsia, Camus and Koestler, who had been found guilty of a similar clear-sightedness.


Christmas Day is traditionally the date on which northern hemisphere observers are first able to detect the northward movement of the sun after the midwinter solstice. It was introduced into the Christian calendar in the 4th century A.D. by the Roman Emperor Constantine who melded the still young Christianity with the older religions of Mithraism and the cult of Sol Invictus. At the time, December 25 was known as Nativis Invictus, the rebirth of the invincible sun. Prior to Constantine, Jesus's birthday had been celebrated by Christians on January 6. Mithraism originated in Persia, and was already an established cult when Zarathustra (Zoroaster) tried in about 700 B.C. to displace it with a form of monotheism. It is thus highly likely that the solstice measurements were made by Babylonians who, it should be remembered, were probably the most precise celestial observers at that time. Does this represent the state of the art for naked eye observations? Exactly three days after the solstice the sun has moved in declination by 112 arcsec, or 1/ 17th of its diameter. The declination motion is approximately parabolic, so that the change two days after the solstice is less than half as great, and only just comparable to the nominal resolving power of the human eye. Moreover, the solstice does not always occur during daylight on December 22. Thus an observation at dawn or noon on December 25 may represent less even than 2.5 days elapsed time after the solstice. Christmas Day does indeed seem to be the earliest feasible noon date for the determination of the rebirth of the sun. Potentially there are two ways to determine a change in declination of the sun. What seems intuitively the more obvious is to monitor the altitude of the sun around noon, as for example by the length of a shadow. Since, however, the penumbral portion of a shadow has an angular extent equal to the solar diameter, determination of changes even as large as 1/l7th of this angle are impractical using the shadow alone, especially in the open air where shadows are softened by diffused sky light. For this reason, thinking has been directed towards the second alternative, the azimuth of sunrise or sunset. In this case the observer does not rely on a shadow, but on the direct sighting of the uppermost limb of the sun seen against a distant horizon. By this means a measurement error far smaller than the diameter of the solar disk is easily attained, allowing the possibility of solstice determination to a precision of one day or less. The considerable interest in ancient determinations of the dates of the solstices through observation of the azimuth of sunrise and sunset probably arises through three causes. First, suitable alignment markers leave archaeological traces, especially if constructed of stone. Second, much of the research has


The prediction of the future situation of an enterprise can be made by means of one-dimensional and multidimensional discriminant analysis methods. Generally, these discriminant analyses use the financial ratios methods. The prediction of the future situation of an enterprise can be made by means of one-dimensional and multidimensional discriminant analysis methods. Generally, these discriminant analyses use the financial ratios methods. The article aims to apply one-dimensional discriminant analysis in specific conditions of economic practice. The empirical part of the research proves that this method can better warn against nearing bankruptcy by predicting whether a business will or will not be sustainable. The analysis of multiple scientific works has established that the reliability of one-dimensional discriminant analysis methods can differ from multidimensional discriminant analysis methods. The research conducted verified the above in a group consisting of prosperous and non-prosperous business entities. The research was conducted based on the sample of enterprises surveyed and showed that one-dimensional discriminatory methods had higher reliability than multidimensional ones. The research does not guarantee that a 100% reliable method will be found; however, it provides for the use of a combination of multiple methods and the assumptions on which these existing methods work.


Objective
To assess the role of ultrasonic cardiac output monitor (USCOM) in predicting the volume responsiveness of children with septic shock.

Methods
The study was performed with prospective, observational cohort study method.Twenty-one mechanically ventilated children with septic shock were included.All children were treated with volume expansion (VE) test.Hemodynamic indicators such as stroke volume (SV), stroke volume index (SVI), cardiac index (CI), stroke volume index (SVI), systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI) and stroke volume variation (SVV) were measured by USCOM before and after each test.Based on the responsiveness of VE (children were considered to be responders to VE if SV increased≥10%), the sick children were divided into responsive group and non-responsive group, respectively.The comparisons between these 2 sorts of children were assessed by using t-test or χ2 test.The roles of SVV, central venous pressure (CVP) before fluid administration in predicting vo-lume responsiveness were evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).

Results
A total of 23 VE tests in 21 patients were evaluated and 13 responders and 10 non-responders were identified.There was no significant diffe-rence in the clinical data at incipient stage between 2 groups.Before VE test, the SVV was higher in responders in comparison with non-responders(P=0.003), and the CVP was not significantly different between the 2 groups(P>0.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of SVV to predict volume responsiveness was 92.4% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.821-1.000, P=0.001], the SVV>17.5% showed 75.0% of sensitivity and 81.8% of specificity for predicting volume responsiveness. The AUC of CVP to predict volume responsiveness was 92.4% (95% CI: 0.206-0.710, P=0.742), the CVP<5.5 cm H2O(1 cm H2O=0.098 kPa) was predictive of response to VE with a sensitivity of 41.7% and a specificity of 60.0%.

Conclusions
SVV measured by USCOM can predict the volume responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with septic shock fluid therapy, and it is more reliable than traditional indicators such as CVP and others in guiding fluid therapy for children.

Key words:
Ultrasonic cardiac output monitor; Volume expansion; Stroke volume variation; Septic shock


This project, supported by a Council on Library Resources Grant, examined the current status of end user online searching from the 7iewpoint of university faculty, library online coordinators, and library science educators. A survey of 4000 faculty, from 20 colleges and 12 different departments, determined that sufficient financial and computing resources are available to support end user searching although users still lack sufficient knowledge to search directly. A survey of 101 college libraries showed a high level of knowledge and activity with respect to end user searching. However, librarians are not clear on the interest level of faculty for searching directly. A survey of 55 library science educators showed awareness of end user searching but little knowledge of actual end user activity. The conclusion was that marketing is necessary for the library to become an active participant.


The most important activity carried out by companies is to make a profit. Very subjective decision making can lead to errors in supplier selection. In supplier selection, the purchasing department often experiences difficulties in determining the selection of suppliers to be given orders because of the large number of suppliers and the criteria used in the assessment. Therefore, a supplier selection decision support system is needed so that the purchasing department can determine the best supplier. This decision support system uses the Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method where this method can be used to overcome existing problems, because there are many alternatives and criteria that must be considered in selecting suppliers such as: price, quality, availability of goods and others. This research will raise a case that is looking for the best alternative based on predetermined criteria. In order to find the weight of each attribute, then a ranking process is carried out which will determine the optimal alternative, namely the best supplier.


Many industrial applications demand accurate ranging operations, for example, robotic end‐effector positioning and measurement of vibrations in machine monitoring tasks. For instance, measurement of the position of a robotic end effector in high‐accuracy applications demands the following stringent specifications from a ranging system: (1) absolute ranging accuracy of ±0.025 mm (±0.001 in.), (2) working range of approximately 2 m (6.56 ft), (3) update rate >100 Hz, and (4) high reliability. It is shown that an ultrasonic ranging system that meets the above specifications may be feasible. The system model is based on measuring the distance between a transmitter and a receiver. A novel method to detect the instant when the signal arrives at the receiver is described. The method combines envelope peak detection and phase measurement to determine the time of arrival, and it gets close to meeting the accuracy criteria. To verify the analytical predictions, distances of up to 0.9 m were measured using a prototy...


With the increasing demands for battery safety management, data-driven method becomes a promising solution for highly accurate battery state of health (SOH) estimation. However, the data-driven method faces problems of poor interpretability and high dependence on input features. This paper proposes a SOH estimation method that integrates data-driven model and signal analysis method. Specifically, the differential thermal voltammetry (DTV) analysis method is used to analyze aging characteristics to obtain features strongly related to battery aging and solve the problem of poor interpretability of data-driven methods. The use of local linear embedding method (LLE) for feature extraction has improved model efficiency. A data-driven model is constructed with the Bi-directional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) as the core, and the attention mechanism (AM) is added to focus on important parts of the sequence to further improve the accuracy of the model. The proposed method is validated based on the Oxford battery degradation dataset, and the results show that the proposed method achieves high accuracy and strong robustness in SOH estimation with a root mean square error (RMSE) maintained at about 0.4%. This method has the potential to be employed on cloud platforms or end-cloud collaboration systems for online implementation.


The article is devoted to the analysis of the comic Renaissance literature through the prism of individual works in order to identify the main comic functions. The Renaissance laughter culture formation is one of the urgent and underdeveloped problems of modern humanities adressed to the study of the Renaissance. The purpose of our work and the tasks dictated by it – in the context of the «laughter word» of the Renaissance to reveal the main comic functions in the literature of this period that were formed by a new worldview and new relationships amoung people. The stated goal determines the need to use hermenegutic (analysis of literary texts), typological (comparison of various comic functions), historical (solution of a literary problem in the context of a historical epoch) research methods. The "discovery of the world and man" that was characteristic of the Renaissance also took place in fiction. Renaissance realism turned it's face to the everyday life of a person, and literature willingly accepted a new theme for itself including comedy. The article highlights various social functions of laughter that were used in Renaissance literature. Recreational laughter function is the original and oldest one. Laughter is evidence of pleasure, relaxation, rest. This laughter's function is necessary for the normal functioning of not only an individual, but society as a whole. Such works as fables, schwankis, facies, "Gargantua and Pantagruel" by Rabelais, "Don Quixote" by Cervantes, comedies by W. Shakespeare, their main task was entertaining first of all. Their laughter is a clear evidence of inner freedom and healthy vitality. Laughter is a social phenomenon, and therefore it must meet the well-known requirements of people livihg together. Therefore, one of the main of functions is social. Laughter should be a kind of social gesture; it frees society from mechanical rigidity. We single out this function in Luigi Pulci's poem "Morgante". Funny and serious, faith and disbelief, naivety and scientific coexist side by side in this work, defining its heroic-comic character. The ontological aspects of laugher are closely related to cognitive ones. The cognitive laughter function has a great importance in revealing social negative aspects, in bringing them to the point of absurdity and thereby revealing their inconsistency and the obligation to eliminate them. This laughter function is represented in Sebastian Brant`s poem "The Ship of Fools", in Rotterdams satire "The Praise of Folly", in F. Rabelais` novel "Gargantua and Pantagruel". Laugh as an effective social sanction (the sanctioning function of laughter) is presented in Cervantes` novel. The main thing in Don Quixote is not so much a parody of chivalry as a realistic disclosure of new social conditions and worldview discoveries, which was a parody of a past life. At the end of the novel, realizing his madness, Don Quixote thereby frees himself from his comic. The novel takes on a pronounced tragic connotation. The title character recognizes his doom and ceases to be pathetic, he becomes a knight of the "sad image", he dies not a pathetic madman, but a humble Christian. The various functions of laughter, presented in the Renaissance literature were an effective tool in the fight against the remnants of the Middle Ages and the establishment of a new worldview.


In the terminology of archeologists specialized in Classical archeology, the terracotta art refers to figurines that were made out of raw clay specially during the Hellenistic and Roman eras. In fact, this art is rich in innovation whether in hand-made figurines or those modeled. It is also rich as far as variety of themes is concerned. However, this art represents the lowest class in society 1 . It goes without saying that bronze and marble sculptures represent often the higher classes of society in view of the high costs and high degree of skills required for modeling and molding compared to raw clay sculpture. Meanwhile, the terracotta art is likewise skillfully-produced and is even superior to other arts as regards the diversity of its themes.


Contraception methods are the means to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Among all the available contraception methods, large women are currently using intra uterine contraception device, as it is a long-term contraceptive, reversible, safe and economical, easily available, requires minimum motivation, supervision, maintenance and does not interfere with breast feeding, highly effective, doesn't affect fertility and pregnancy is possible after its removal.


This study presents design and implementation of a system which performs wireless power transfer and data transmission for very high data rate in implanted monitoring system. The proposed system is powered by implanted energy storage which can be rechargeable by 4-coil inductive link. The system supports low-power/high data rate transmitter for carrying digitalized sensor data. The performance of transmitter based on cross-coupled oscillator is improved significantly. The integrated circuits are manufactured in 0.18 μm CMOS technology. The hermetically sealed circuits are validated in in-vivo experiments. Wireless power transfer is realized at 8 MHz achieving 30% efficiency for delivering 10 mW at a distance of 10 mm. A communication channel is established between the implant and the base station with 12 Mbps data rate. A transmitted set of neural monitoring data from a rat with epilepsy seizure is also presented.


This study aims to (1) reveal the types of difficulties experienced by fourth grade students at Karang Tengah 7 Public Elementary School, and (2) describe the mathematics learning difficulties experienced by fourth grade students at Karang Tengah 7 Elementary School. This study used an analytic descriptive method with a qualitative. The subjects in this study were students of class IV A at SD Negeri Karang Tengah 7. The subjects in this study were determined using purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used in this study were used by means of essay tests and interviews. The data analysis technique used in this study is data reduction, data presentation, and finally drawing conclusions. The results of the study (1) learning difficulties in mathematics experienced by fourth grade students at SD Negeri Karang Tengah 7, namely spatial relationship disorders, visual perception abnormalities, visual motor associations, difficulty using symbols, difficulties in language and reading, and (2) students who experience relationship disorders 12 students in the room, 14 students with visual perception abnormalities, 13 students with visual perception abnormalities, 8 students with difficulty understanding symbols, 2 students with language and reading difficulties.


Urban-rural dual structure may serve as a regulator for social problems that could be triggered off when a lot of migrant rural workers get unemployed,and a kind of countryside that the migrant rural workers could return to is a "stabilizer" to cope with the market economic risks in China,where lies a toughness when China encounters large migrant workers unemployment that could cause social crisis.In the case,neither the macro economic and social structure could be changed in the short term,nor the social security system for migrant rural workers be perfected immediately,based on non-traditional security's strategic thinking,we need to face the social facts that migrant rural workers will still make constant round-trip between urban and rural areas in a quite long period of time,and we should adopt multi-pronged approach in policy adjustment,devoiding one-dimensional thinking of urbanization,and create a good system environment for migrant rural workers to move between urban and rural areas.


Clients come to counseling with personal theories about their problems' etiology. Counselors bring other hypotheses to the table. Counselors may be more helpful either when they accept clients' theories or when they provide new ones. A third option is that problem etiology is irrelevant in finding solutions. This study tested the cognitive dissonance theory of interpretations (L. Levy, 1963; S. R. Strong, J. A. Welsh, J. L. Corcoran, & W. T. Hoyt, 1992), which argues that discrepant interpretations are most helpful. Eighty two college-aged procrastinators (25 men, 57 women; ages 17-23, M = 18) interacted with a counselor who (a) agreed with them about procrastination's causes, (b) disagreed with them, or (c) said it was not important to specify a cause. Contrary to prediction, the 3rd condition led to more improvement in participants' self-reported procrastination. This finding is discussed in terms of possible responsibility attributions implicit in the 3rd condition.


A smooth trajectory generator useful in motion control systems is presented. The considered generator is a second order nonlinear system which receives as input a step reference signal and provides as output a smooth reference signal satisfying proper nonlinear constraints on the state variables as, for example, bounds on the first time-derivative x/spl dot/ of the output x, or bounds expressed in the form |x/spl uml/| /spl les/ U/sub M/(x). The imposed constraints can also be changed during system operation without modifying the system stability. Moreover, almost minimum time response is ensured with guaranteed no overshoot. Finally, the performance of the the nonlinear generator is tested through simulation.


The invention discloses a star poly-(methyl)acrylate long-chain ester polymer and a preparation method thereof. In the method, through atom transferring radical polymerization, the poly-(methyl)acrylate long-chain ester polymer with a star molecular structure is synthesized in one step by using a simple and economical method of arm first and core later; and arm length and arm number are controlled by adjusting a ratio of a monomer (methyl) acrylates long-chain ester to a catalyst to a ligand, and the adding time and dosage of a crosslinking agent methylacrylic acid gylcol ester (EGDMA) duringa polymerization reaction so as to obtain the star polymer with high yield, adjustable and controllable molecular weight, and narrow molecular weight distribution. The preparation method can synthesize the (methyl)acrylate long-chain ester star polymer of which the weight-average molecular weight reaches up to a million and the yield reaches over 85 percent, and has important significance for theory and practical application.


This was a paper given at Attention: Detail symposium at Nottingham Trent University as part of Summer Lodge on Friday 3rd July 2015.
"For several years I was a projectionist and this time has had a major impact on how I look and think as an artist. The projectionist has a unique and rather strange way of viewing films. As the end of the reel approaches the projectionist forensically examines the film, keeping a watchful eye out for the cue-dots. These tiny, round scratches or holes appear in the right hand corner and tell the projectionist that they must start the motor of the machine and get ready for the 'changeover'. As they only appear for one-sixth of a second, there is an enormous amount of attention focused on this point. Time slows down and the sense of heightened awareness overcomes the projectionist, this is how I feel in front of a piece of art that really 'works'. "


The effect of organo-montmorillonite(OMMT) platelets on the compatibility of polyamide(PA) 66/ polyamide(PP) blend had been investigated.It had been shown that the addition of OMMT results in a sharp decrease in domain size of PP phase,but only when the content of OMMT was above 3 %,and the addition of traditional compatibilizer could dramatically reduce the size and size distribution of PP phase.The way of melt processing affects the size of PP phase to some extent,but could not change the trend of compatibilization effect of OMMT;high density occupations of OMMT existed around the PP phase and prevent the coalescence of PP phase effectually.


Abstract : This report summarizes project achievements over the period 1 July 1998 through 30 November 2001. Two major successes are reported. First, the project s scientific objectives were achieved. Empirical testing identified a significant weakness in soldiers capabilities to detection landmines with low metallic content when using standard US Army techniques with the currently fielded detector (AN19/PSS-12). Expert operators were identified who exhibited superior detection performance. A cognitive theory of expert mine detection performance with the AN19/PSS-12 was developed and validated via tests of a training program based on expert skill. Second, findings have been applied in several ways. Foremost, project results led the US Army Engineer School to replace established mine detection training procedures and adopt the training program engineered using the theory and data generated by this project, and subsequently tested, refined, and transferred to Army personnel. US Army Observer/Controllers at the Joint Readiness Training Center, Ft. Polk have successfully given this program's training to troops participating in MREs. The program also has been successfully generalized to train users of the HSTAMIDS system currently in development. This project has also supported development, testing, and distribution of training aids currently being applied in training Army and Marine Corps personnel in landmine detection.


Biocrusts are the living skin of drylands, comprising diverse microbial communities that are essential to desert ecosystems. Despite extensive knowledge on biocrust ecosystem functions and lichen and moss biodiversity, little is known about factors structuring diversity among their microbial communities. We used amplicon-based metabarcode sequencing to survey microbial communities from biocrust surface and subsurface soils at 4 sites located within the Mojave Desert. Five biocrust types were examined: Light-algal/Cyanobacteria, Cyano-lichen, Green-algal lichen, Smooth-moss, and Rough-moss crust types. Microbial diversity in biocrusts was structured by several characteristics 1) central versus southern Mojave sites displayed different community signatures, 2) indicator taxa of plant associated fungi (plant pathogens and wood saprotrophs) were identified at each site, 3) surface and subsurface microbial communities were distinct, and 4) crust types had distinct indicator taxa. Network analysis ranked bacteria-bacteria interactions as the most connected of all within-domain and cross-domain interaction networks in biocrust surface samples, with Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Ascomycota as hubs among all phyla. Specifically, the genera with highest node degree was Pseudonocardia sp. (Pseudonocardiales, Actinobacteria) in bacteria and Alternaria sp. (Pleosporales, Ascomycota) among fungal genera. Our findings provide crucial insights for dryland microbial community ecology, conservation, and sustainable management. In summary, our findings provide the most extensive characterization of local biocrust microbiota to date from the central and southern Mojave Desert. It is to our knowledge the first comprehensive biocrust microbial community investigation to reveal geographical, soil depth, and crust type diversity patterns when considering both fungi and bacteria microbes. Although identification of biocrust types by their external structural morphology is practical for preliminary observation in the field, we have shown that microbial components within each type can be distinct geographically. Biocrust surface and subsurface communities also have distinct microbial compositions. Our results supported the hypothesis that Cyanobacteria are key microorganisms in biocrust types, with network analysis demonstrating that they are major hubs for cross-domain microbial community connectivity. We also identified Pleosporales fungi as a major hub for fungal-bacteria networks. Our key findings imply that microbial species composition and community dynamics need to be taken into account in future biocrust conservation and management efforts. It is imperative that we improve our understanding of spatial variation in the microbial composition and functioning of biocrusts and improve the taxonomic identification of potentially essential species. Neglecting these differences could possibly lead to counter-effective consequences to both biocrust microbial communities and desert ecosystems, such as risk of pathogen/antagonist spread, potential loss of microbial diversity, altered functioning, introduction of invasive microbial species, and conceivably even destruction of any remaining biocrusts.


Objective To explore clinical characteristics of diagnosis and treatment of solid-cystic papillary tumor(SCPT) of the pancreas in children.Methods There were retrospectively analyzed about the 7 patients treated in our hospital for SCPT,with the ave-rage age of 11.5 years.All patients complained abdominal pain following a trauma(71.4%) or overeating(28.6%).The main presentation was abdominal mass.Of the 7 patients,4 received distal pancreatectomy,2 pancreatico-duodenectomy,and 1 only biopsy.Results The nicks of all patients were primany hed.All patients were pathologically confirmed as SCPT after operation.All patients were followed up for 4 monthes to 4.5 years,the recent result was well.Conclusions SCPT is a low-grade malignant tumor,which is often asymptomatic,but the patients with symptoms generally suffer from an abdominal mass or abdominal pain.The prognosis is excellent after operation.


We present recent results from the BES experiment on the observation of the Y(2175) in $J/\psi\to \phi f_0(980) \eta$, and $\eta(2225)$ in $J/\psi\to \gamma \phi \phi$, and X(1440) in $J/\psi$ hadronic decays, together with the new observation of $\psi(2S)$ radiative decays and hadronic decays into $n\ks\ldb+c.c., \ld\ldb\pi^0, \ld\ldb\eta$. The effort to search for $J/\psi$ decays into $\gamma\gamma$ and invisible decays are also reported.


In the home medical care setting, the factors causing emergency home visits (EHV) remain unclear. This study aimed to determine those factors and examine their relationship with EHV requests.


Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has in the past breached the species barrier from infected domestic poultry to humans in close contact. Although human-to-human transmission has previously not been reported, HPAI H5N1 virus has pandemic potential owing to gain of function mutation(s) and/or genetic reassortment with human influenza A viruses. Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have been used for diagnosis as well as specific therapeutic candidates in several disease conditions including viral infections in humans. In this study, we describe the preliminary characterization of four murine MAbs developed against recombinant hemagglutinin (rHA) protein of avian H5N1 A/turkey/Turkey/1/2005 virus that are either highly specific or broadly reactive against HA from other H5N1 subtype viruses, such as A/Hong Kong/213/03, A/Common magpie/Hong Kong/2256/2006, and A/Barheaded goose/Quinghai/14/2008. The antibody binding is specific to H5N1 HAs, as none of the antibodies bound H1N1, H2N2, H3N2, or B/Bris...


Differences in susceptibility to and severity of infectious diseases between the sexes are well established. Females often generate a beneficially stronger immune response when combatting infection but show an increased risk of developing autoimmunity. While the sex-related hormone estradiol is known to affect CD4 T cell cytokine release in vitro, less is known about T cells behavior in vivo. To address this, we intravenously infected male and female mice with attenuated Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm). By day 15 post infection (p.i.), male mice showed significantly lower rates of survival. Males also generated a higher number of S. Tm-specific CD4 T cells in the liver but, conversely, displayed higher bacterial burdens. To isolate the role of sex hormones, mice were gonadectomized before reaching sexual maturity and then infected. Ovariectomized mice lost significantly more weight than ovary-intact females by day 15 p.i. Like normal males, ovariectomized females demonstrated a significantly higher number of S. Tm-specific CD4 T cells but also higher liver bacterial burdens. To investigate the role of extra-lymphoid tissues such as the liver, we infected lymphotoxin-alpha (LTa) mice that genetically lack lymphoid tissues. Surprisingly, we found the stark difference in survival and CD4 T cell expansion between the sexes was lost. These differences in T cell expansion, and the commensurate effect on survival, in the presence or absence of endogenous sex hormones or lymphoid tissues indicate that females may have evolved a separate ability to regulate immune responses outside of traditional lymphoid organs. These studies will provide insights into sex-based differences seen in cellular immunity against bacterial pathogens in vivo.
 Supported by a grant from the Keck Foundation


Semiconductor manufacturers can improve product yields and decrease chip geometry by using cluster tools to improve their process manufacturing environment. A cluster tool consists of wafer processing chambers, one or more internal robots to transport wafers, and one or more load locks where the wafer-to-cassette exchange takes place. This paper presents a flexible, cluster tool simulation model built using a general purpose simulation language. This data-driven model serves as a template which can be easily configured to emulate actual cluster tool configurations, providing statistical and graphical output. Wafer process routings are also defined through easy-to-use data input tables. The flexibility of this model is discussed, including robot parameters, tool configuration options, chamber options, and wafer processing steps. The advantages of this flexible, cluster tool simulation model as both an analysis tool and as a marketing tool are presented.


Microscopic and physico-chemical methods were used for a comprehensive surface characterization of different mechanically modified stainless steel surfaces. The surfaces were analyzed using high-resolution confocal microscopy, resulting in detailed information about the topographic properties. In addition, static water contact angle measurements were carried out to characterize the surface heterogeneity of the samples. The effect of morphological anisotropy on water contact angle anisotropy was investigated. The correlation between topography and wetting was studied by means of a model of wetting proposed in the present work, that allows quantifying the air volume of the interface water drop-stainless steel surface.


Located in the Lushunkou District of Dalian, Liaoning Province, the Taiyanggou Historic District is one of the most well-preserved modern historic districts in China, with the most surviving historic heritages. The area is home to a large number of cultural heritages, ranging from national to district level, as well as a large number of modern historic buildings that are not on the conservation list, which have immeasurable historical and cultural value. This District is reputed as an "open-air architectural exposition". However, as Lushun is a military port city, most of the area is under the jurisdiction of the army, and the government and the army have multiple administrations that do not form a unified combination, making it difficult to implement conservation and development in the Taiyanggou Historic District. Eventually, this leads to problems of stagnant development, environmental degradation, population loss, population aging and a gradual decline in the vitality of the district. Therefore, how to reshape the vitality of the district and promote its long-term development while preserving its original historical appearance to the greatest extent has become an urgent problem to be solved. The paper began with an in-depth interpretation of the connotation of "vitality" and "vitality improvement" in historic districts through previous studies. The five major components of the vitality of historic districts were summarized as physical space vitality, social vitality, cultural vitality, economic vitality and political vitality. Subsequently, from these five aspects, the elements of vitality of the Taiyanggou Historic District were extracted and summarized, and the problems of its current decline in vitality were analyzed. Finally, using the problem-oriented and goal-oriented research ideas, a targeted approach was adopted to explore strategies to improve the vitality and get out of its current development dilemma, with a view to shedding light on the conservation and renewal of Taiyanggou Historic District.


This work has the general objective to develop a manual of functions , positions and description of income and employment regulations for the Department of Human Resource in Practipower Company in the City of Guayaquil , so efficiency will be achieved in the performance of functions assigned to the staff and the proper selection of company personnel , to meet this objective the following methods as deductive , inductive, historical, descriptive used ; as well as observation technique with which data were collected about the development activities of the company.
An interview was conducted by Manager of the company with which it was possible to collect information about historical and general company data identifying the beginning of operation in the city of Guayaquil and setting the number of employees their administrative and operational levels, which allowed perform internal analysis at the administrative level, identifying the reality in which the administration of human talent is, showing that lack a defined and established organizational structure.
The internal analysis a survey was applied to the 26 employees of the company, identifying the problems and benefits offered by the company. Based on this analysis we proceeded to review the most relevant terms of the administrative and operational staff and proposed the development of a Manual of Functions, description of charges and income and employment regulation is presented.
The design manual functions at management and operational levels, defining the job title, summary charge, relationships, roles and responsibilities.
The proposed regulation of income and employment, identifies four stages to be followed for recruitment, either internally or externally of the company, taking as an example the scheme established by the Ministry of Labour Relations, because as strategy, the company must publish their processes internally and externally.
The selection process involves 11 procedures, contracts stipulating the minimum time staff of 30 days and maximum 50 days , induction and integration of personnel will be the responsibility of the Head of Talent in coordination with the chief of staff requesting the contracted area .
Finally , the company Practipower is recommended to implement this proposal , which will ensure the allocation of functions and avoid duplication thereof, and to establish the rules and procedures to be followed for recruitment to internal and external level administrative and operational areas achieving efficiency and effectiveness in all functions.


. At present, tourism is one of the fastest growing industries in the world, but it faces many variables. Taking Dongji Island as an example, through the analysis of the current situation, it is found that cultural tourism is a highly respected tourism project, but there are problems such as unclear characteristics, imbalance between off-season and peak season, and backward infrastructure. This paper plans to propose corresponding solutions according to the current situation, give full play to the local characteristics, improve its reception level of tourists, and provide corresponding reference for the development of cultural tourism in other islands.


This thesis addresses the issue of literacy principles in the teaching of Modern and
Ancient Greek of the third grade of senior high school . More
speci fical ly, i t examines the methods of teaching and examinat ion of
these courses in the l ight of the demands of panhel lenic examinat ions ,
in order to provide answers on whether the preparation of students at the lessons of
Modern and Ancient Greek language al igns wi th the principles of functional,
cultural and critical literacy, plus multiliteracies. Data col lect ion was achieved
wi th the use of quest ionnai res, and analyzed both quant i tat ively and
qual i tat ively. My resul ts indicate that l i teracies and mul t i l i teracies are
not promoted suf ficient ly at the third grade of senior high school . More
speci fical ly, funct ional l i teracy seems to be promoted more than any
other type of l i teracy. On the other hand, cul tural and cri t ical l i t eracy,
plus mul t i l i teracies do not seem to be promoted at the thi rd grade of
senior high school , despi te the fact that teachers have a different
intent ion. This is due to the bulk of cur r iculum, the obsolete teaching
methods, the unfami l iari ty wi th technology, and the set up of
examinat ions that encourage memor izat ion and not the development of
cri t ical thinking ski l ls. In sum, the precondition for the utilization of literacies at
the educational practice of the third grade of senior high school is the modernization
along with the change of thinking of all the members of educational community.


The paper discusses the application of natural language processing (NLP). The knowledge organization tools developed using NLP, such as WordNet, thesaurus, visual thesaurus, etc., are yet to be developed for Indian languages. Such tools in English have been tested in information retrieval by using them as an interface in the retrieval package. Keeping the advantages in view, it is highly desirable that similar tools be developed for Kannada. Some of the issues related to Unicode support are also discussed here.


Although China's social credit system (SCS) is widely portrayed by Western media as repressive surveillance, recent studies show that it receives high levels of support among Chinese citizens. Previous research suggests that people support the SCS because they lack knowledge about the system. This study further examines the roles of media framing (Western vs Chinese framing) and monitored behaviors (financial vs social behaviors). The results from a survey experiment conducted in China ( N = 1600) demonstrate that when exposed to Western framing, public support for the SCS is lower, but only when participants are informed that the SCS monitors social behavior. By contrast, when people are told that the SCS focuses on financial behavior, Western framing exposure is not associated with low levels of public support. The findings suggest that an expansion to social domains and exposure to Western media framing will likely result in decreased support for the system.


The excluding effect exists in resolution of wage problems.The negotiation between the two parties is intervened by administration and judicature.It is necessary to realize the transformation from state nationalism to negotiation between the two parties in the process of resolving the problems mentioned above.


This work evaluated the extraction efficiency of silica from diatomaceous earth (DE) by conventional solvent extraction (CSE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) under basic and acidic (HCl) conditions utilizing response surface methodology (RSM). A common statistical model was used to get the best percentage yield and percentage purity using RSM. Experimental parameters such as stirring time, NaOH concentration (for CSE), sonication time, NaOH/HCl concentration, cycle and amplitude (for UAE methods) were optimized using central composite design (CCD). The analytical responses, that is, percentage yield and percentage purity, were analyzed using ANOVA and regression analysis. The linear coefficient of determination, R, was high and precise. The overall yield and purity were highest for the UAE method under acid condition (pH 1–2, approximately), making it the most effective silica extraction method from DE. For this method, the optimal conditions for extracting Si from DE were 2 h of sonication, 220 mL of 2.82 M HCl as a leaching/extracting medium, 0.524 cycles and 72.6 % of amplitude. Under these conditions, 82 % of silica was yielded with a purity of about 95 %. The experimental results indicate that high-quality silica can be produced from DE in high yield so that DE can be an alternative silica source.


FICTION New Narrative, Old Story Kate Grenville. The secret River. Melbourne: Text Publishing, 2005. 334 pp. A$39.95 ISBN 1 920885 75 7Richard CarrUniversity of Alaska-FairbanksThe Secret River comes with a formidable array of plaudits. It won the 2006 Commonwealth Prize and was shortlisted for (and expected by many to win) the 2006 Miles Franklin Prize and the Man Booker Prize. The New Yorker, in a short review earlier this year, labeled it "magnificent," and Christina Schwarz, in her monthly Atlantic column on "What Makes Good Writing," presented an excerpt from The secret River. The novel thus reaches the United States with high anticipation.Grenville relates the story of William Thornhill, a poor lad stuck in late-eighteenth-century London, who has to scrape-often literally-to earn a living, who finds temporary solace in marrying Sal and taking on work as a wherry driver. Thornhill is arrested as a thief; is tried, convicted, but spared execution; and is transported to Australia instead "for the term of his natural life." The novel follows his life in convict Australia as he strives to establish a working farm away from Sydney after receiving his "ticket." He and Sal share several children, a hut, 100 acres of rural land, and a life of increasing comfort. Thomhill and Sal diverge in two areas only: he fears the blacks, who still hover about the area and refuse to recognize his sovereignty, while Sal covers any uneasiness by befriending the black women, even trading utensils with them. Their other point of divergence is fundamental to their shared life. Sal dreams of returning to England, to living comfortably in the world in which she was raised. Thornhill, on the other hand, has found in Australia opportunities that England would never have offered him. The Old Country to him is a dreary, closed land once poised to take his life solely because he sought to feed his family. It is not Home.In Thornhill, Grenville captures well the nuances of a man unaccustomed to power, one who slowly embraces, then delights in his rising status. Allowed to take two convicts into his employ, Thornhill discovers one of them, Dan Oldfield, is a former comrade from London: "He remembered the hunger they had shared together, and the cold, and the way they had stood one day pissing on their own feet, just for the moment's warmth of it" (174). Oldfield's joy at finding a recognizable face terminates as Thornhill upbraids him for using his name so freely: "It is Mr. Thornhill, Dan . . . You would do well to remember" (175). Later, as Thornhill regards the specially built house, or "villa," which validates his importance, he thinks in the same vein: "[He] had never grown tired of being called Mr. Thornhill. Never heard it without a pulse of pleasure" (314).Grenville fills her colonial landscape with memorable types who serve as effective foils for Thornhill. …


Severe fluctuation of power output is a common problem in the various generating systems of renewable energies. The hybrid energy storage system with water and soil is adopted to decrease the fluctuation of solar chimney power generating systems in the present research. The mathematical models of fluid flow, heat transfer and power output features of solar chimney power generating systems including collector, chimney and energy storage layer have been established, also the influence of the material and depth of energy storage medium upon power output has been analyzed. The simulation results demonstrate that hybrid energy storage system with water and soil can effectively decrease the power output fluctuation. When the depth of water layer is less than 0.1m, the increase of the depth would decrease the variance of day-night air temperature and velocity in the system, and the power output in daytime would largely decease and that at night largely increase. The ratio between peak and valley of power output thus would largely decrease. When the depth of the water layer is more than 0.1m, the increase of the depth would cause relatively slight power output and change range.


Summary Antisera to both normal and leukemic spleen cell components exhibit cytotoxic effects for leukemic cells, upon in vitro exposure. In every instance the leukemic antisera were much more effective than the corresponding normal antisera. These differences were greater than those obtained by complement fixation procedures. The anti-mitochondria sera exhibited the highest "titers" but the least difference between the normal and leukemic. The most significant differences occurred between the leukemic and normal Pi antisera, with the leukemic antiserum showing 8 times the activity of the normal. Highly significant differences were also demonstrated between the nuclei antisera. The leukemic antiserum proved over 6 times as effective as the normal. A slight active immunity was demonstrated in mice surviving the combination of leukemic cells and leukemic antisera.


Creativity is a trait that is treasured by both advertising agencies and clients. How is greater creativity nurtured and cultivated in such an intense environment? Passion (in the form of intrinsic motivation) as well as industry expertise and knowledge are highly desirable ingredients for driving creativity in an advertising agency (Young 2003). This research proposes a dynamic framework for greater creativity that includes passion (individual intrinsic motivation) as one of the most important factors in predicting creativity, along with industry expertise and knowledge. As a stimulus, management support for creativity serves to enhance passion's influence on creativity in this model, while the influence of expertise is suppressed by organizational politics. The study uses a sample of 1,188 advertising campaigns from major U.S. agencies, reported by 413 respondents, to offer an insightful framework for advertising creativity.


Public Health Reports / July–August 2014 / Volume 129 10. Ambrose SA, Bridges MW, DiPietro M, Lovett MC, Norman MK. How learning works: seven research-based principles for smart teaching. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 2010. 11. Ramsden P. Learning to teach in higher education. 2nd ed. Abingdon (UK): RoutledgeFalmer; 2003. 12. Knowles MS. The adult learner: a neglected species. Houston: Gulf; 1978. 13. Dreyfus HL, Dreyfus SE. Mind over machine: the power of human intuition and expertise in the era of the computer. Oxford: Basil Blackwell; 1986. 14. Dreyfus SE. The five-stage model of adult skill acquisition. Bull Sci Tech Soc 2004;24:177-81.


Abstract This research investigated the effects of Er addition (0–1 wt.%), cooling rate and hot extrusion on the microstructure, hardness and tensile properties of Al-15 wt.% Mg2Si in-situ composite. The results show that addition of Er with high concentrations changes primary Mg2Si particles from irregularly shaped to polygonal shaped and also transforms needle-shaped Al5FeSi compounds into a short rod morphology. Microstructural studies revealed that water-cooling is more beneficial to acquire polygon shaped primary Mg2Si and fish-bone Al3Er. Through hot extrusion, the networks of eutectic Mg2Si phase and fish-bone Al3Er compound are broken. In addition, the results of tensile testing show that both Er addition and water-cooling improve the ultimate tensile strength and elongation. The optimum tensile behavior was achieved by adding 0.6 wt.% Er to the water-cooled Al–Mg2Si composite after hot extrusion.


The sex pheromone components of Spodoptera litura from China were identified by using analytical technique of single female sex pheromone gland. The individual differences, daily changes and scotophase rhythms of these components were studied. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of male to these components and its mixture were recorded. Four components, Z9, E11-14∶Ac(A),Z9, E12-14∶Ac(B),Z9-14∶Ac(C) and E11-14∶Ac(D), were found in the female sex pheromone gland at a ratio of 100∶27∶20∶27.


This report presents the first stage of an ongoing research which is the problem
solving of highly complex tasks using Bee-Inspired algorithms. Bee-Inspired
algorithms are partially referring to the nature of bee swarm behaviour. Bee
swarm behaviour characterized by autonomy and distributed functioning and selforganizing.
Nowadays, lots algorithms under the field of Swann Intelligent have
been used to solve complex problem. Various Artificial Intelligence systems have
been developed based on plenty of researches and studies done on the behaviour
of social insects. Bee-Inspired algorithms were presumed to bring the new
direction in the field of Swann Intelligence.
The primary goal of this research is to prove the efficiency of collective bee
intelligence in solving problems characterized by uncertainty. P-Median problem
will be used as the main case study in implementing one of the Bee-Inspired
algorithms to prove, illustrate example and show the characteristics of the
selected concept


This guide is especially aimed at doctoral students in the Organizational Sciences and Communication Department as well as relevant faculty in that and the Psychology Department.


Abstract Our aim is to present a typical case of IgG4-related hypophysitis, which will offer insight into the aetiology and pathogenesis of this relatively newly described disease. IgG4 Related Disease is a protean systemic condition that mimics inflammatory, infectious, and malignant processes. Biopsy of affected organs will show a typical histopathological pattern.


"Perfidious financial idiocy" was how a previous editor of this journal described the private finance initiative (PFI), a way of securing private funding for public projects, notably hospital building ( BMJ 1999;319:2-3, www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/319/7201/2). Richard Smith based his assessment largely on the work of Allyson Pollock, who, Cassandra-like, found her message ridiculed when it wasn't ignored. But that was then. The current unravelling of PFI, with the government bailing out projects in trouble, makes her analysis look prescient. So we should at least take notice of what Professor Pollock has since turned her attention to.

Her latest target is independent sector treatment centres (ISTCs), the beneficiaries of the British government's policy of contracting out clinical …


Among the theory of estimation,admissibility of estimator is a very important part.It includes the estimator for parameter of coefficient and error.Developing with statistic model,the theory of admissibility is updated.In this paper we consider the admissibility of quadratic estimator for error covariance matrix in multivariate linear model under some inequality.We derived the necessary condition for the admissibility of a nonnegative,quadratic form estimator for error covariance matrix in the case where the error covariance V and regression parameter vector Θ satisfy H={(Θ,V)∶ΘTXTXΘ≤V}.Moreover,sufficient and necessary conditions are given when the design matrix X satisfy rk(X)=1 and X=(1,1,…,1)T.Those results are extension from unvariate linear model to multivariate linear model with respect to restricted ellipsoidal parameter space.


The liability of bona fides third party in tort if business secrets is a complicated problem, lack definite stipulations to the problem in our law have caused great difficulties in judicial practices. The paper studies the definition of bona fides third party and its liability, the relevant legal stipulations of the foreign countries, and puts forward some suggestions in strengthening our relevant law-making with a view to perfecting our legal system in the protection of business secrets.


ABSTRACT It has been suggested that ezrin activation plays a key role in the regulation of cancer metastasis. In this study, we immunohistochemically investigated the expression patterns of total ezrin and its two phosphorylated forms, pEzrin− Thr567 and pEzrin− Tyr353, in 66 samples of invasive pancreatic carcinomas and 11 samples of normal pancreas tissues. Positive expressions of ezrin and pEzrin− Thr567 were detected in most PDAC tissues, significantly higher than that of pEzrin− Tyr353. Furthermore, overexpression of pEzrin− Tyr353 in pancreatic cancers was associated with positive lymph node metastasis, less differentiation, pAkt overexpression, and shorter survival times. pEzrin− Tyr353 may be a potent prognosis predictor for pancreatic cancer.


In this paper the relation between the prices of Latin American shares ADR on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) and the prices of the same companies in their local market is analyzed. It seeks to find empirical evidence of the location in price formation and influence and leadership of a market on the other. The question this paper aims to solve is: Where does the pricing of issued shares by companies that trade their shares simultaneously on the NYSE and on the local market of Colombia, Chile, Mexico, Brazil and Peru happen? In other words, what is the market that leads the price formation of Latin American stocks traded on two different markets?


The invention provides an air conditioner panel display control method, an air conditioner panel display control system and an air conditioner. The air conditioner panel display control method comprises the following steps of when the air conditioner is started to run, according to the received detection instruction, detecting the current indoor air parameter; according to the received setting instruction, setting the body metabolic rate and clothes heat resistance; according to the current indoor air parameter, the body metabolic rate and the clothes heat resistance, determining the current PMV (predicted mean vote); according to the current PMV, obtaining the corresponding display state, and controlling an air conditioner panel to display. By adopting the technical scheme, the air conditioner panel display control method has the advantages that the display state of the air conditioner panel can be changed along with the change of the comfortability PMV, the display of the air conditioner panel is always maintained in the state meeting the comfortability requirement of a user, the adjusting of the display state of the air conditioner panel by the user is memorized, and the display state realizing the visual and physiological comfortability of the user and matched with the comfortability PVM can be found.


In multiple myeloma (MM), the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib induces mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) toward osteoblast differentiation. However, it is full unclear about the mechanism(s) underlying bortezomib in this process. Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays a pivotal role in osteoblast differenciation and bone development. We have demonstrated that inhibition of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by MM-derived Dkk1 suppresses osteoblast progenitor cell differentiation into osteoblasts (Qiang et al, Bone 2008) and deregulate RANKL and OPG expression in osteoblast cells (Qiang et al Blood 2008a). Increase Wnt signaling by overexpression of Wnt3a in myeloma cells diminished MM-trigged bone lesion in mouse model (Qiang et al Blood 2008b). In the present study we revealed that bortezomib promotes MSC differentiation into osteoblast cells via Wnt-independent activation of beta-catenin/TCF signaling. E-cadherin pull-down assay and subsequently immunoblotting analysis demonstrated that bortezomib induced increases in both free and active forms of beta-catenin protein in cytoplasm and nuclear in bell-shaped dose- and time-dependent manner in mouse and human osteoblast progenitor cell lines including C2C12, C3H10T1/2, Saos-2 and MG63. Similar results were illustrated in primary human 2 cases of normal MSC and MSC from 8 cases of MM pateints. Bortezomib induced increase in ubiquitinated beta-catenin was evidenced by obvious seen slow migration bands of beta-catenin protein in SDS-PAGE gel analysis indicating that bortezomib increased beta-catenin protein by modification of proteasome-mediated degradation of beta-catenin. Increase in cytoplasm and nuclear beta-catenin protein response to bortezomib treatment in the osteoblast cell lines and 4 cases MM derived MSC was further confirmed by immunofluorescent analysis. RT-PCT analysis of TCF family revealed that abundant TCF1 and TCF4 mRNA were expressed in all tested cell lines and in a primary normal MSC, and MM-derived MSC. Bortezomib treatment also resulted in TCF transcriptional activity in bell-shaped, dose-dependent pattern as determined by luciferase activity in these cells transfected with TOPflash plasmid DNAs. Maximal responses to bortezomib were seen at 12.5 nM for both C2C12 (p


Summary: In the past 15 years, the number of known planets outside of our solar system has grown from about 200 to more than 5000. During that time, we have conducted one of the longest crowdfunding campaigns in history, a nonprofit adopt a star program that supports astronomy research. The program includes the targets of NASA space telescopes that are searching for planets around other stars, and it uses the proceeds to help determine the properties of those stars and their planetary systems. I summarize how this innovative program has evolved over the years and engaged the public worldwide to support an international team of astronomers.


ABSTRACT This article proposes a new framework to estimate and analyse structural fiscal balances of the UK, by combining the state-space modelling with the Bayesian DSGE modelling. In this way, trends and cycles of aggregate variables can be extracted from data consistently with the macroeconomic theory. A setting of an integrated random walk for the underlying stochastic trends fits the data best. An expansion in government spending can increase nominal fiscal revenue to a certain degree, but the effect is not persistent due to two kinds of crowd-out effects: it crowds out domestic investment; and it pushes up the price of domestic goods and simultaneously crowds out the foreign demand. The shocks to the nominal interest rate, foreign output and the government spending are the three major contributors to the variation of the fiscal revenue cycle.


The aim of this study is to constrain recent deformation and stratigraphic evolution of an active margin, using sismo-stratigraphic analysis of Pleistocene sediment preserved on the margin shelf and upper slope along of the Central Ecuadorian margin. From the extensive geophysical and sedimentological investigations carried out during the ATACAMES expedition (2012), we are identified serveral basins in the Ecuadorian margin. A detailed analysis of the thickness, the lateral distribution and stacking patterns in these basins show a complex distribution of sediments in time and space. The seismic-sequence stratigraphy analysis related to eustatic cycles of the Pleistocene shows a regional regional unconformity at the base (1782-Ka as minimum age), which can correspond to the signature of the beginning of the Carnegie ridge collision.


Static adsorption capacity was measured for three different proteins: human immunoglobulin gamma, human serum albumin and horse skeletal muscle myoglobin. Eight commercial chromatographic materials were tested: FractoGel EMD SE HiCap (M), SP Sepharose Fast Flow, S Ceramic HyperD F, MabSelect, rProtein A Sepharose Fast Flow, Poros 50A High Capacity, ProSep –vA High Capacity and MEP HyperCel. The adsorption capacity was measured at pH values of 4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0 and 8.0.


Counselor education programs provide counselors-in-training (CITs) with courses focused on counseling skill development to increase the CITs' interpersonal counseling abilities and increase multicultural awareness. The research study presents findings from the author's exploration of online students' experiences in an experiential community immersion assignment. For analysis, the data was divided into three timeframes: (a) pre-experience, (b) active-experience, and (c) post-experience. In the pre-experience timeframe two themes emerged: (a) overwhelming nervousness and (b) judgmental thoughts. In the active-experience timeframe two themes emerged: (a) welcoming environment and (b) normalization of the minority population. During the post-experience reflections three common themes emerged: (a) similarities between groups, (b) motivation to create relationships, and (c) increased empathy. The study concluded the participants reported an overall increase in multicultural awareness through their community immersion experiences.


To evaluate the inhalation toxicity of Ga2O3, F344 rats were exposed nose‐only to 0.2 μm Ga2O3 particles 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. The exposure concentration was 23 ± 5 mg/m3 (mean ± SD) resulting in lung burdens of 0.8 ± 0.1 mg Ga2O3/lung (mean ± SE) at the end of 4 weeks of exposure. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of exposed rats showed marked responses. One day after termination of exposure, lactate dehydrogenase was increased 6‐fold, and the lysosomal enzyme, beta‐glucuronidase, was increased 38‐fold in rats exposed to Ga2O3 compared to sham exposed controls. Alkaline phosphatase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, white blood cells, acid proteinase, and protein were increased 3‐ to 4‐fold. Responses remained elevated 6 and 12 months after exposure. Lung clearance of radiolabeled tracer particles was evaluated 4 days and 6 months after the end of 4 weeks of Ga2O3 exposures. Long‐term clearance half‐times were significantly longer| (3–4 fold, P <0.01) in rats exposed to Ga2O3 than in the sham‐exposed control rats at both 4 days and 6 months, indicating persistent impairment of particle clearance. Histopathological lesions consisted primarily of alveolar proteinosis 1 day after 4 weeks exposure, progressing in severity to large focal lesions of alveolar histiocytosis and septal fibrosis 6 and 12 months after exposure. Inhaled Ga2O3 produced cytotoxic, inflammatory, and fibrogenic responses of comparable or greater magnitude than those seen after similar exposures of rats to inhaled quartz particles in other studies. These data show that inhaled Ga2O3 particles produce considerable toxicity and exposures in the work place should be limited.


This chapter analyzes the over-dimensioning of the category of heritage, demonstrating how it has become key in public policies for cultural preservation. To the end of highlighting the historicity of the meanings of heritage, it analyzes institutional concepts and practices of cultural heritage and folklore in Brazil, makes a counterpoint between the dictionary terms of heritage and folklore and, then, formulates hypotheses about the omnipresence of the category of heritage, considering, also, the role played by UNESCO. The analysis points out anachronisms in the historiography that refers to a division between material and immaterial heritage, and demonstrates how the mobilization of an integrated conception of heritage can make explicit diverse meanings and narratives, as well as provoke a descolonial attitude towards heritage, which approaches the field of rights.


The recent exchange between Rodrigo (1993) and Baum & Ragan (1993) highlights several current controversies. Rodrigo (1993) made several points concerning Baum's (1992) paper (and, by implication, Ragan, 1992a, b) on combining trees to reach a solution concerning hypotheses from differing datasets. I believe many of Rodrigo's comments are misplaced, both over how he perceives the problem and how he sees Baum & Ragan's (1993) proposed solution. The ideas expressed by both sets of authors impinge on the broader debate over the use of taxonomic congruence or character congruence in generating the most efficient summary of all available data to hand. The debate can be summarized as follows. Kluge (1989) made several assertions concerning what he believed to be "conflicting" approaches in phylogenetic inference when faced with data-sets from different sources (e.g. morphology, fossils, DNA, etc.). The apparent conflict is between character congruence ("total evidence", e.g. Kluge, 1989) and taxonomic congruence (consensus, e.g. Nelson, 1979). In another paper, Jones & al. (1993: 93) defined total evidence as "... the analysis of an unpartitioned body of evidence, ideally all the data available for a group of terminal taxa" that is characterised as "seek[ing] a single, best-fitting hypothesis, which in cladistics involves maximising character congruence". The competing approach, taxonomic congruence, "seeks a consensus of hypotheses obtained from different data sets ...". This approach is characterized by three steps: (1) "evidence is partitioned into 'different types of data' " (Shaffer & al., 1991: 284), (2) "hypotheses of relationships, i.e. fundamental cladograms, are obtained from each data set", and (3) "a consensus of those topologies is constructed" (Jones & al., 1993: 93). Following the characterization given above, it would appear that both approaches seek to maximize "evidence", one derived directly from data derived from characters, the other from the relationships (cladograms) those data imply. The issue can be seen more precisely as identifying the nature of "evidence". This could be answered (albeit simplistically) by stating that, in the total evidence approach, data (direct observations into characters) are taken as evidence, while the taxonomic congruence approach uses as evidence summaries of partitioned data (cladograms). The methods of Baum (1992) and Ragan (1992a, b; cf. Baum & Ragan, 1993) fall into the second category. Given two data-sets, each may suggest differing relationships among the taxa studied. Should the data-sets be combined into one analysis, or should the cladograms derived from each data-set be combined? Rodrigo suggested that, "... given two incompatible hypotheses ... there are two ways of choosing between [them] ... (1): design a critical experiment such that the experiment will


We have investigated stability of a ferrofluid in microgravity environment. We consider the effect of the spin viscosity, vortex viscosity, and magnetization relaxation. The eigenvalue problem is solved by employing the Chebyshev pseudospectral method and the results are discussed for all three boundary conditions: free-free, rigid-free and rigid-rigid. In the microgravity environment, the ferrofluid is more resilient to convection and, in general, for all boundary conditions requires higher temperature gradient for the threshold of the convection. It is found that a ferrofluid in microgravity environment is more stable, not only as compared to the case when gravity is present, but also in the pure viscous case.


My bachelor thesis deals with the consumer protection on the financial market. The first part of thesis describes characteristics, functions and structure of the financial market and its legal legislation. The second part deals with consumer protection on the financial market, legal rules that ensure this protection. It analyses control of the financial market and the protection of the remote financial services as well as the influence of European Union on the consumer protection on the financial market.


The UK government has quietly dropped a passage in the draft handbook to the NHS constitution that said that ministers had decided to give researchers the right to trawl medical records for research participants without the need for patients' consent.

Organisations that are charged with safeguarding patient confidentiality had objected strongly to a section in the draft handbook that said, "Patients can . . . expect that a health professional or a research professional who owes the same duty of confidentiality as a health professional may use care records, in confidence, to identify whether they are suitable to participate in approved clinical trials.

"Appropriate patients will be notified of opportunities to join in, and will be free to choose whether they wish to do so, …


Nematocysts were examined in the planula, scyphistoma, ephyra, and medusa stages of the rhizostome scyphozoan Stomolophus meleagris from South Carolina, U.S.A. Two categories of nematocysts, holotrichous isorhizas and heterotrichous microbasic euryteles, were present in all four stages. Holotrichous isorhizas were of one morphological type (a-isorhizas) in the planula, ephyra, and medusa, and two types (a-isorhizas and α-isorhizas) in the scyphistoma. Several distinct varieties of heterotrichous microbasic euryteles were observed. Those of the planula were all small (5.7–7.0 × 3.9–4.8 μm), those of the scyphistoma and ephyra were either small (5.7–8.4 × 3.8–5.9 μm) or medium (7.5–9.8 × 6.0–7.6 μm), and those of the medusa were small (6.4–10.1 × 4.5–6.5 μm), medium–large (10.5–12.6 × 7.3–9.0 μm), or large (13.2–17.8 × 8.0–10.3 μm). The cnidom is compared with that of other scyphozoans, and identification keys to the scyphistomae and ephyrae of temperate western Atlantic semaeostome and rhizostome Scyphozoa...


Purpose – To evaluate whether "numerical flexibility" – specifically a form of temporary and precarious employment – hourly‐paid part‐time teaching in the UK higher education sector – adds strategic value and demonstrates good practice.Design/methodology/approach – The study is based on new evidence drawn from five case study organisations in which a range of managers was interviewed in depth.Findings – Analysis identifies a continuum of strategies from integration into the main workforce through to "deepened differentiation". Although integration is somewhat problematic when applied to a diverse group, differentiation seems predicated on a defensive, risk management approach designed to further marginalise this activity. Also, differentiation fails to address the aspirations of many employees, creating tensions between institutional strategy and the needs of academic heads.Research limitations/implications – The number of case studies is limited. These case studies were selected because they had the most...


Business locations is most important factor to consider before starting a business because the best location attracts more number of people. With the help of web search engines, the customers can search the nearest business location before visiting the business. For example, if a customer need to buy some jewel, he makes use of search engines to find the nearest jewellery shop. If some entrepreneur wants to start a new jewellery shop, he needs to find a best area where there is no jewellery shop nearby and there are more customers in need of jewel. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to find the best place to start a business where there is high demand and no (or very few supply). We measure the quality of recommendation in terms of average service time, customer-business ratio of our new algorithm by implementing in benchmark datasets and the results prove that our algorithm is more efficient than the existing kNN algorithm.


Apart from its role in the Moscow show trials during 1936 – 38, the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court under V.V. Ul'rikh also tried some 40,000 'enemies of the people' behind closed doors, sentencing most of them to death. These pseudo-trials of no more than a few minutes took place in prisons or NKVD offices in Moscow or (through the Collegium's assizes) provincial centres. There was no serious investigation of the evidence, and the court turned a blind eye to apparent cases of torture. The judges personally attended executions, occasionally even participating in them. The punishments had been determined beforehand by the political leadership under Stalin by way of lists, with the Military Collegium only 'legalising' the sentences. The defendants originated from the Soviet elite. The aim of this article is to throw more light on this side of the Collegium's activities, mainly based on archival sources. The article suggests that this quasi-legal procedure was adopted by the leadership under Stalin, in preference to purely administrative measures, because it was considered to be less likely to endanger the elite's loyalty. We did not break the law, did not sign just like that. These are lies. Ul'rikh gave reports. There was a court, an indictment, there were sentences: everything as it should be, everything according to the law (Lazar' Kaganovich interviewed by G.A. Kumanev in Kumanev 1999,