By study the evaporator of air conditioning system in the optimization method,this thesis combined the experimental research and Matlab simulation programming,focusing on research these main factors which effect heat transfer performance.After comparing the simulated data and the actual data,found out the maximal error percentage is 2.7%.Based on this conclusion,this thesis summarized that by reduce the refrigeration flow the evaporator heat transfer can be increased,but the amplitude is in a decline tendency;by raise the wind speed,the evaporator heat transfer can be enhanced,meanwhile increased fan flowrate has to cause the facility cost increased.And as long as the wind speed increasing,the amplitude of the heat transfer will decrease;Minish the space between each lamina of the fan(or expend the space between each tube) can increase the area of heat transfer and heat transfer value of the evaporator,but the it also in a decline tendency,especially when the wind speed is strong.


In this paper we propose an unsupervised approach for acquiring domain related conceptual hierarchies from open-domain text. Super Sense Tagging (SST) is used to extract up-level terms and Wikipedia categories and WordNet are employed to construct the rest of taxonomic hierarchy. The result is a complete top-bottom taxonomy for every formal context. We describe both the method we implemented and some encoruaging initial experimental results.


Castration neither increases nor decreases the inoculation percentage of transplantable carcinomata and sarcomata of the mouse and rat, nor does it either stimulate or retard their proliferation; it exerts not the slightest effect upon the growth of spontaneous carcinomata of the mouse.


Preliminary results of calculations concerning the theoretical {gamma}-ray spectrum of quasi-stellar objects is presented. The calculated spectra extend (in {gamma}-ray energy) from approximately 0.1 to 1000 MeV. Numerous {gamma}-ray producing mechanisms are presently included to contribute to the total output. These include the decay of neutral pions, electron and positron bremsstrahlung, positron annihilation and {gamma}-ray line emission from eight different elements. Although very preliminary, the resulting model spectrum seems able to account for the observed spectrum. It is also found that the contribution to the total {gamma}-ray spectrum by positron annihilation is significant. The source of emission is considered to be a region of trapped relativistic protons surrounding the central engine of the QSO.


The energy basket in Colombia is mainly composed of power generation from water sources. Although this source corresponds to renewable energy, there is a risk associated with the little diversification of this market. To diversify the energy basket it is necessary to introduce other sources of nonconventional renewable energy, for this purpose, the Colombian government created Law 1715 of 2014 to encourage investment in projects that diversify the market. This paper evaluates this law by means of system dynamics on a wind farm. The simulation shows that with this law, wind farms continue to be a non-attractive investment to invest, which shows that the tax deductions granted by the law do not achieve the increase of unconventional renewable energy sources.


Since his early writing career, two major critical approaches have developed to Morley Callaghan's fiction: certain critics have identified Callaghan with the naturalistic writers of the American school; others have regarded him as a religious writer in the tradition of Graham Greene and Evelyn Waugh. -- Yet, when viewing this man's short stories, it becomes obvious that these two positions are in opposition. It is the intention of this study, therefore, to assess Callaghan's short fiction from an alternate approach. As such, the study will attempt to examine Callaghan's stories as an art form, rather than as a specific system of thought or belief. The procedure of this thesis, therefore, will be to deal mainly with the author's stories in terms of the constituent parts of that art form: point of view, theme, structure and style. From this process, we shall see how and why Callaghan's contribution to the short story genre is artistically coherent.


In conventional reinforced soils,the reinforcements are laid horizontally in the soil.A new concept of soil reinforced with 3 dimensional(3D) reinforcements was proposed in this paper.Triaxial tests were carried out on sand reinforced with one-layer 3D reinforcements(made of galvanized iron sheet and hard plastic sheet).The behavior of sand reinforced with different 3D reinforcing configurations was studied in terms of stress-strain relationship and shear strength of the soil.Comparison was made between stress-strain relationship and shear strength of the soil reinforced with horizontal reinforcement and with 3D reinforcements.The influences of the height of vertical reinforcements,the Young's modulus of reinforcement materials and confining pressures on strength of reinforced sand were discussed.It was shown that 3D reinforcement increased not only the cohesion of the soil but also the angle of internal friction significantly,especially for those reinforced with double-sided 3D reinforcements.Different configurations of 3D reinforcement were discussed and compared.Double-sided vertical reinforcements would result in greater increase in strength than single-sided vertical reinforcements with the same height.


Background/Context Methods Know, Want to know, Learned (KWL) Chart Discussion of Observations Results Conclusions/Implications As a student teacher I was disappointed at initial confusion by my World Literature students when we began reading Homer's Iliad. I wanted to probe my students about the fascinating questions the story raises about the Greek culture, the qualities of a hero, and fate and free will. However, it was impossible to discuss themes when my students constantly needed to be reminded who the characters were or what was happening in the story. In this study, I assigned KWL (Know, Want to know, Learned) charts to students to complete while reading Book 22 of the Iliad. Students who completed KWL charts demonstrated better recall of character names and plot points in the story as evident in their scores on a summative assessment of the story. Students who completed KWL charts also asked more complex questions and engaged in higher-level discussion about the story than did students who did not complete KWL charts. The study suggests that using reading strategies such as KWL charts are effective in overcoming comprehension obstacles for average to lowability students when reading complex literature. • This study occurred in a suburban school in Northwest Indiana in a class of average to low-ability 12th grade students. This school is highly diverse in population. • I had guided the students through the story, drawing stick figures on the board to illustrate important events and instructing them to take notes on the plot. • Based on poor scores on the quiz over Book 1, I concluded that writing down plot points was not an effective way for these students to understand the story. • The students could not see the connections from one point to the next, and constantly explaining the motivations of the characters was not making the connections any clearer. • Section A, the experimental group, contained 27 students. I assigned this group KWL charts along with the traditional lecture and note-taking as we read Book 22 of the Iliad. • Section B, the control group, contained 26 students. This group was not assigned KWL, but received the same lecture and did the same note-taking while reading Book 22. • Lecture consisted of a visual PowerPoint with pictures of the characters and scenes from the story. Note-taking consisted of the drawing of stick-figures on the whiteboard to illustrate parts of the story. • In addition, both Section A and Section B watched YouTube videos of students acting out scenes from the Iliad. • Qualitative data consisted of observations from class discussion about the book. Specifically, I looked for improvements in students' abilities to use character names correctly in reference to specific events in the plot, and I hoped to see students asking questions that relate to theme and character motivation as opposed to questions about plot and character identity. • Quantitative data consisted of a comparison of scores on the Iliad Book 1 quiz and the Iliad Book 22 quiz. • I hypothesized that Section A's scores would improve significantly more than Section B's.


This article describes efforts to adapt an adolescent version of the Coping Power program, called Coping Power in the City, for use with high school students attending an urban school district with high concentrations of students exposed to community violence and challenges related to elevated tensions between youth and police. The goal of this group-based preventive intervention is to provide a comprehensive, school-based approach to stem rates of violence, discipline problems, and related mental health concerns for adolescents. A novel feature is the integration of a school police component into the intervention model with concurrent supports for students, parents, and teachers to supplement school counseling efforts. We present an overview of the program and a rationale for its adaptation to meet the needs of African American males in urban high schools. We summarize baseline data for 514 ninth graders (46% African American males) across 10 urban high schools participating in a randomized controlled trial. We also address lessons learned and implications for school-based counseling practices for African American male students and engagement of school police officers in urban high schools.


Amyloidosis confined to the duodenum is uncommon. In the present report the history of an 83-year old patient, admitted for vomiting and heavy epigastric pain, is described. Radiographic and endoscopic investigation revealed two polypoid lesions in the duodenum (D2). Biopsies showed diffuse amyloid deposition in the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and submucosa of the duodenum as well as vascular deposits. No other localisations were documented. Amyloid tumours of the gastrointestinal tract are rare but may lead to serious symptoms.


Two experiments were conducted to determine the efficacy of melengestrol acetate (MGA) coupled with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF) as a method of estrous synchronization. Heifers in Exp. 1 were assigned randomly to be fed MGA (.5 mg for 7 d) and injected with PGF (25 mg, im) following the last MGA feeding (MGA-7, n=14), fed MGA (.5 mg for 7 d) and injected with PGF 24 h prior to the last MGA feeding (MGA-6, n=13), and controls (C, n=14). Twenty of the 27 MGA-treated heifers were in estrus 3 to 8 d after the last MGA feeding. Intervals to estrus following MGA removal were shorter (P<.05) for MGA-6 heifers than for with MGA-7 heifers (94.6 vs 122.3 h). Conception rates did not differ among treatment groups. Exp. 2 was conducted to determine the efficacy of insemination by appointment in a MGA-PGF estrous synchronization scheme. Heifers received MGA (.5 mg for 17 d) and were injected witth PGF (25 mg, im) 16 d following the last MGA feeding. Heifers were assigned randomly to treatments: puberal and inseminated according to estrus (P-E, n=16), puberal and inseminated 80 h following PGF (P-80 h, n=16), prepuberal and inseminated according to estrus. (PP-E, n=5), and prepuberal and inseminated 80 h following PGF (PP-80 h, n=6). Prepuberal heifers had shorter (P<.05) intervals to estrus following PGF administration. Conception rates did not differ among treatments and were 68.7, 81.3, 80.0, 66.6% for P-E, P-80 h, PP-E, and PP-80 h respectively. Forty-one of the 43 heifers in Exp. 2 exhibited estrus within a 64 h period (36 to 100 h) following PGF administration. Ninety percent of the puberal and 82% of the prepuberal heifers exhibited estrus within a 24 h (47 to 71 h) and 20 h (36 to 56 h) period following PGF administration. These results suggest MGA used in conjunction with PGF will successfully synchronize estrus in heifers. Degree of estrus synchronization and rate of conception may vary among MGA-PGF estrus synchronization schemes.


Dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ)-reducing bacteria are spread throughout the domain of bacteria and archaea. They are phylogenetically diverse and have been isolated under various environment conditions. Unlike other electron acceptors, Fe(Ⅲ) has a very low solubility and exists primarily as insoluble Fe oxide under neutral pH. At present, the mechanisms of gathering and reducing Fe(Ⅲ) are still poorly understood. Taking Shewanella and Geobacter as examples, this paper reviewed three kinds of possible mechanisms of microbial enzyme-catalyzed dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction and its molecular regulation, i. e., direct contact between microbial cell and Fe(Ⅲ) oxides, siderrophores, and electron shuttling compounds. Many membrane-bound cytochrome proteins are involved in the dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction, forming a complicated regulation network. This paper also proposed future research directions on the mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed dissimilatory Fe(Ⅲ) reduction so as to better understand this important biochemical process.


Introduction: To execute hematopoyetic stem cell transplantation is necessary calculated a cellular dose measuring the nuclead total cells (NTC) per kilogram, to more cellularity is cover a mayor kilograms. Identify variable while the recollection of cord blood makes reach a optimal CNT count. Material and methods: Units from Cord Blood Bank from Centro Medico Nacional «La Raza» in Mexico City, from February 2006 to February 2008, contemplated: initial volume unit, gesta, weeks of gestation, NTC. Assessment the correlation using a student t and Kruskal Wallis statistics in each case, following a ROC construction to delimit the cut off for the volume considered a 8 x 108 NTC as minimum in significative variables. Results: Were analyze 250 cord blood units (BCU); 92.75 mL as initial volume mean, 6.63 x 108 TNC as mean, 39 gestation weeks as mode and one gesta as mode. The TNC correlated with the initial volume (Student s t, p < 0.001). The cut off to reach 8 x 108 TNC is 75 mL with 89% of sensibility. Conclusion: The initial volume shows sadistic correlation to achieve an adequate TNC harvest. Resumen


Cardiac gap junctions enable electrical coupling of adjacent cells and propagation of action potentials. At least three different connexin isoforms are expressed in the murine heart, with connexin43 (Cx43) being the most abundant. Cx43 is expressed in atrial and ventricular myocytes, whereas Cx40 is predominantly confined to atrial tissue and His-Purkinje cells, but not substantially expressed in the compact AV node or in ventricular contractile myocytes.'^^ Connexin45 has been demonstrated by immunolabeling techniques to be present in atrial and ventricular tissue, but it appears to be localized mainly on the endocardial surface of ventricular endocardium, overlapping with Cx40-expressing regions of the ventricular conduction system.^ This spatial and distributional heterogeneity of connexin isoforms may allow for variation in impulse propagation and arrhythmia sustainability. The potential combination of isoforms as hybrid channels also gives rise to diversity, with distinct gating features and biophysical properties, fur/ftier increasing the gap junction heterogeneity.'" ^ In this issue of the Journal, Morley et al." report their studies using optical mapping techniques in Cx43-deficient mice. In this elegant series of experiments, high-resolution video mapping and voltage-sensitive fluorescent dye were used to measure ventricular conduction parameters and wave propagation from the epicardial surface of perfused isolated mouse hearts. A Langendorff preparation was used in a temperature-controlled perfusion chamber for volumeconducted in vitro ECG recording as well as epicardial pacing and conduction velocity measurements of ex vivo Cx43-deficient mouse


The present invention is described below using a plurality of photomasks (2), each photomask (2) of the first and second openings (1A, 1B) are incident on the incident angle and the polarization direction of the substrate at least one of two different polarized light beams, so that the two polarized lights by the first and second openings (1A, 1B) to the side of the substrate (2) being conveyed photomask alignment film is irradiated on the (9), with o forming first and second alignment regions, the plurality of photomasks of the substrate in a direction (9) intersecting the transport direction are arranged alternately with each other, such that the first and second openings (1A, 1B) in direction at the arrangement pitch arrangement, the width in the direction intersecting the conveying direction of the first substrate and second openings (1A, 1B) is set to a different alignment state of the first and second alignment regions adjacent end regions overlap with the alignment means (7) is substantially equal to the following precision of the dimensions, thus forming the first and second openings (1A, 1B). Thus, the alignment occurs in a plurality of photomasks joint disorder not significant.


UV irradiation of four non-fluorescent phenylurea herbicides including linuron, diuron, isoproturon and neburon is shown to yield fluorescent photoproducts. The photochemically-induced fluorescence (PIF) properties of these herbicides in sev- eral media (water, 2-propanol and their mixtures) and aqueous micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) are reported. The use of micellar media enhances significantly the PIF signal relative to an aqueous solution. A PIF method is developed for the determination of the four herbicides under study, with linear dynamic ranges over about one order of magnitude, and limits of detection (LOD) between 410 and 640 ng mL -1, according to the com- pound. Applications to the analysis of tap water and river water samples yield satisfactory recoveries (86-115 %).


An ultraviolet spontaneous vibrational Raman scattering technique has been developed and applied to a lifted hydrogen jet diffusion flame. Simultaneous, temporally and spatially resolved point measurements of temperature, major species concentrations (H{sub 2}, O{sub 2}, N{sub 2}, H{sub 2}O), and absolute hydroxyl radical concentration (OH) are obtained with a single excimer laser for the first time. For OH measurement, the use of laser-induced predissociative fluorescence makes quenching corrections unnecessary. In the center core of the lifted flame base, fuel and oxidizer are rich, premixed, and unignited. Combustion occurs in an intermittent annular turbulent flame brush with strong finite-rate chemistry effects. The OH radical exists in subequilibrium and superequilibrium concentrations. Major species and temperature are found with nonequilibrium values. Further downstream the superequilibrium OH radicals decay toward equilibrium through slow three-body recombination reactions. 32 refs.


A new level shift circuit featuring with capacitive load instead of resistive load is proposed and investigated in this paper. The proposed design can help the high voltage gate drive integrated circuit (HVIC) to achieve the high d Vs/dt noise immunity up to 85 V/ns and the allowable negative  $V_{S}$ swing to −12 V at 15 V supply voltage. The temperature characteristic of the above reliability items of the HVIC with the proposed capacitive-loaded level shift (CLLS) circuit are investigated for the first time and are an improvement when compared to those of the conventional resistive-loaded level shift circuit, which is verified by numerous theoretic analyses and experiments. Moreover, although four high voltage lateral double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors are used in the proposed CLLS circuit, no extra chip size is needed due to the fact that the transistors can be embedded in the high voltage isolation structure base on 0.5 μm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS technology.


Thin films of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O have been grown in situ on SrTiO3 (001) substrates using a molecular beam epitaxy technique with a pure ozone source. This allows us to grow highly oriented films at substrate temperature of 700°C without heat treatment in oxygen. One of the films showed a superconducting transition at 10.0 K.


Data hiding is the process of transmitting images in a hidden manner, where as the message should be invisible to the unauthorized users. This technique is a good way to achieve the secret delivery of data, where the colour image acts as a popular cover media to send the secret. The commonly used data hiding technique are based on block truncation coding and complementary Error Diffused Block Truncation Coding. Block Truncation Coding is a type lossy image compression technique for grey scale images. It divide the original image into blocks and then use a quantizer to reduce the number of grey levels. The major issues associated with BTC are unnecessary blocking and false contouring effects. To overcome these issues a complementary Hiding Error Diffused Block Truncation Coding was developed by Jing-Min-Guo and Yun-Fu-Lin. This method overcomes the limitations of traditional BTC, ensure the image quality and highest processing efficiency. The existing system consists of an encoder and decoder and the encoder spreads the watermark into two marked images and the corresponding data security is also improved with the security sharing concepts. However the existing system uses a pseudo random key, which is not synchronized in between the encoder and decoder may leads to wrong extraction. Another problem associated with the existing system is Block size. Various block size can lead different bitmap through existing decoder and the system does not consider the bias limitation, number of water mark as keys and cannot protect the embedded data. The proposed system overcomes the limitations of existing CHEDBTC system without altering its advantages. Our system can yield high image quality and can with stand against various types of security attacks.


A technical data and a project of the structure the radar detected hovering helicopters is shown in the paper. The results of research simulation and range tests of prototype are presented also. They indicate that this solution of radar was properly chosen.


We demonstrate a series of pillar microcavities integrated in an optical waveguide. The structure can be used for resonant excitation and single photon emission with spatially orthogonal pump-probe geometry, or for on-chip/off-chip optical coupling.


INTRODUCTION
In an earlier study the authors reported short-term benefits of clopidogrel treatment in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

AIM
The aim of the authors was to analyze findings during a 12-month follow-up period.

METHOD
100 patients with a history of acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack have been included in the study. The efficacy of the therapy was assessed 7 and 28 days as well as 3, 6 and 12 months after initiation of medical therapy. Patients were divided into two parts (clopidogrel responder and resistant) based on their initial laboratory findings. Risk profiles, medical therapy, laboratory parameters and vascular events were compared between the two patient groups.

RESULTS
After 7 days of treatment, clopidogrel seemed to be ineffective in 11 patients (11%). Strong, clinically significant correlations were found among blood pressure values, blood glucose and lipid parameters, serum C-reactive protein levels and platelet aggregation levels. An aggressive secondary preventive therapy resulted in a decrease of clopidogrel resistance and improvement in laboratory parameters. Patients who were clopidogrel resistant at baseline had significantly higher rate of vascular events compared to those who were clopidogrel responders (18.1 vs. 4.5%, p<0.01), although clopidogrel resistance was not an independent risk factor of unfavourable vascular outcome using a multivariate analysis. No adverse events or hemorrhagic complications were observed.

CONCLUSIONS
Clopidogrel resistance and unfavourable outcome seems to be associated with "classical" risk factors underlying the importance of aggressive secondary prevention.


Earthworms have fed the world as 'farm managers' since mankind arrived on earth. Earthworm's vermicompost is scientifically proving to be an 'extraordinary powerful growth promoters and protectors' for crops (5-7 times over other bulky organic fertilizers and 20-40 % higher over chemical fertilizers). They are rich in NKP, micronutrients, beneficial soil microbes like 'nitrogen-fixing' and 'phosphate solubilizing' bacteria, 'mycorrhizal fungi', humus and growth hormones – auxins, gibberlins and cytokinins. It has very high 'porosity', 'aeration', 'drainage' and 'water holding capacity'. It also protects plants against various pests and diseases either by suppressing or repelling them or by inducing biological resistance in plants. 'Vermiwash' (liquid from the body of worms) and the 'vermicompost tea' (solution of vermicompost) also work as very 'powerful bio-pesticides' eliminating the use of toxic chemical pesticides. Presence of live earthworms in soils has been found to significantly influence the development of quality of fruits in vegetable and fruit crops.

Earthworms and vermicompost can boost horticultural production without agrochemicals. It will provide several social, economic and environmental benefits to the society by way of producing 'chemical-free' safe, 'nutritive and health protective' (rich in minerals and antioxidants) foods (even against some forms of cancers) for the people; salvaging human wastes and replacing the dangerous 'agrochemicals' from the face of earth. Use of vermicompost in farms also 'sequester' huge amounts of atmospheric carbon (assimilated by green plants during photosynthesis) and bury them back into the soil improving the soil fertility, preventing erosion or compaction and also reducing greenhouse gas and mitigating global warming.


Placement of pre-contoured fi xation plate is a common treatment for bone fracture. Fitting of fi xation plates on fractured bone can be preoperatively planned and evaluated in 3D virtual environment using virtual reality technology. However, conventional systems usually employ 2D mouse and virtual trackball as the user interface, which makes the process inconvenient and inef fi cient. In the paper, a preoperative planning system equipped with 3D haptic user interface is proposed to allow users to manipulate the virtual fi xation plate intuitively to determine the optimal position for placement on distal medial tibia. The system provides interactive feedback forces and visual guidance based on the geometric requirements. Creation of 3D models from medical imaging data, collision detection, dynamics simulation and haptic rendering are discussed. The system was evaluated by 22 subjects. Results show that the time to achieve optimal placement using the proposed system was shorter than that by using 2D mouse and virtual trackball, and the satisfaction rating was also higher. The system shows potential to facilitate the process of fi tting fi xation plates on fractured bones as well as interactive fi xation plate design.


Mesh fabric is widely used for different purposes especially in the technic and medicine. Warp knitting with its fillet interlooping is the most common technology for mesh production. The vast majority of fillet structures has typical mesh macrostructure and provides the wide range of cell's shapes and sizes, which affect the physical-mechanical properties and basic density of knitted fabric. It's possible to change the cell's size from the minimum to the maximum at a constant shape and constant technological conditions of knitting in warp knit fabric with hexagonal cells that is preferred for technical textiles. For this reason, the two tasks have been solved in this research: to establish rules of the hexagonal cells formation in the fillet knit structure and to determine the factors that influence the cells size. The basic principles of formation of hexagonal cells in fillet warp knitted structures have been formulated in this article as a result of the theoretical analysis of geometrical models. The analytical dependences of the cell's size on the number of tricot and chain courses in the interlooping repeat and of the cell's square on the width and height of cell have been defined based on experimental data. They confirm the theoretical positions of this research.


Background Implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) improves survival when used for primary or secondary prevention of sudden cardiac death. Whether the benefits of ICD in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are similar to those with normal sinus rhythm (NSR) is not well established. The aim of this study is to investigate whether ICD patients with AF are at higher risk of mortality and appropriate shock therapy compared with patients with NSR. Methods and Results Literature was searched and 25 observational studies with 63 283 patients were included in this meta‐analysis. We compared the outcomes of (1) all‐cause mortality and appropriate shock therapy among AF and NSR patients who received ICD for either primary or secondary prevention and (2) all‐cause mortality among AF patients with ICD versus guideline directed medical therapy. All‐cause mortality (odds ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence interval, 1.73–2.56; P<0.001) and incidence of appropriate shock therapy (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–2.13; P<0.001) were significantly higher in ICD patients with AF as compared to NSR. There was no statistically significant mortality benefit from ICD compared with medical therapy in AF patients (odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.42–1.11; P=0.12) based on a separate meta‐analysis of 3 studies with 387 patients. Conclusions Overall mortality and appropriate shock therapy are higher in ICD patients with AF as compared with NSR. The impact of ICD on all‐cause mortality in AF patients when compared to goal‐directed medical therapy is unclear, and randomized controlled trials are needed comparing AF patients with ICD and those who have indications for ICD, but are only on medical therapy.


Background and Purpose— Organized systems of care have the potential to improve acute stroke care delivery. The current report describes the experience of implementing a county-wide system of spoke-and-hub stroke neurology receiving centers (SNRC) that incorporated several comprehensive stroke center recommendations. Methods— Observational study of patients with suspected stroke of <5 hours duration transported by emergency medical system personnel to an SNRC during the first year of this system. Results— A total of 1360 patients with suspected stroke were evaluated at 9 hub SNRC, of which 553 (40.7%) had a discharge diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Of these 553, intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator was administered to 110 patients (19.9% of ischemic strokes). Care at the 6 neurointerventional-ready SNRC was a major focus in which 25.1% (99/395) of the patients with ischemic stroke received acute intravenous or intra-arterial reperfusion therapy, and in which provision of such therapies was less common with milder stroke, older age, and Hispanic origin. The door-to-needle time for intravenous tissue-type plasminogen activator met the <60-minute target in only 25% of patients and was 37% longer (P=0.0001) when SNRC were neurointerventional-ready. Conclusions— A stroke system that incorporates features of comprehensive stroke centers can be effectively implemented with substantial rates of acute reperfusion therapy administration. Experiences potentially useful to broader implementation of comprehensive stroke centers are considered.


Purpose: To compare the outcomes of combined phacoemulsification–trabeculectomy surgery with intraoperative sponge-applied versus subconjunctival injection of mitomycin-C (MMC) in Asian eyes. Methods: This was a retrospective review of 95 eyes that consecutively underwent combined phacoemulsification–trabeculectomy surgery in a tertiary eye center in Singapore from January 2013 to June 2014. Data collected included intraocular pressure (IOP), best corrected visual acuity, and number of glaucoma medications. Outcome measures included postoperative IOP and complications at various timepoints up to 12 months after surgery. Results: Twenty eyes (21.1%) received 0.2 mg/ml subconjunctival MMC injection ("Group 1") and 75 (78.9%) received 0.4 mg/ml sponge-applied MMC ("Group 2"). There was no difference between groups in demographics, IOP, and number of glaucoma medications preoperatively. There was a reduction in IOP at postoperative month (POM) 1, 6, and 12 in both the groups (POM12: Group 1, −2.8 ± 5.36 mmHg, P < 0.001; Group 2, −5.8 ± 6.29 mmHg, P = 0.054). At POM1, Group 2 showed a trend toward greater IOP reduction (−5.89 ± 7.67 mmHg vs. −1.55 ± 5.68 mmHg, P = 0.061). However, at both POM6 and POM12, there was no statistically significant difference in IOP reduction between the two groups. At POM12, complete success, defined as achieving an IOP of between 6 and 15 mmHg without the use of antiglaucoma medications, was achieved in 11 (55%) eyes in Group 1 and 48 (64%) in Group 2 (P = 0.9). There was a lower rate of postoperative hypotony in the Group 1 (0%) compared to Group 2 (8%) (P = 0.34). Conclusion: Combined phacoemulsification–trabeculectomy with subconjunctival MMC injection has comparable outcomes to that with sponge-applied MMC, with a similar reduction in IOP at 1, 6, and 12 months postoperatively and a lower postoperative complication rate.


The effects of two strengthening methods were analysised based on comparing the midspan deflections and the strain changes of original tensile reinforcement,later bonded steel plate or CFRP,original concrete superface and later added concrete superface with bending moment,through two groups of reinforcement testing that simple supported RC beams were preloaded to cracking under the same conditions,and then reinforced by bonding steel plate or CFRP on the tensile side and increasing section area on the pressure side.The results show that the strengthening of bonding steel plate is obviously superior to bonding CFRP in the improvements of the old and new material stress,the beam stiffness and the bending capacity,so the latter is fit for anti-cracking reinforcement,not for the strengthening of increasing bending capacity or resistance to deformation capacity.On the other side,the strengthening of bonding steel plate by daubing is inferior to bonding CFRP in inhibiting cracks development.As to the balanced-reinforced beam,the high strength of fiber is hardly play.


In this paper, based on the proposed simulation model, the impact of dispersion on the systems performance in 160Gbit/s optical communication systems is detailedly discussed. As chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) are caused by different physical effect, the effects of CD and PMD on systems performance are also analyzed separately in the paper. At first, the CD and CD slope tolerance in 160Gbit/s systems are carefully simulated and analyzed, at the same time, self-phase modulation (SPM) effect is also discussed in this part, and the result shows that for 1dB eye-opening penalty, CD tolerance would be about ±3.1ps/nm and CD slope and SPM also all seriously limit the transmission distance of systems. Furthermore, the impact of PMD on systems property are discussed by virtue of statistical method, and result shows that PMD tolerance of 160Gbit/s is 0.7ps with the outage probability of 10-5 of 1dB eye-opening penalty and it will increase to 1.8ps for the first-order PMD compensated systems. These results show that CD, CD slope, PMD and SPM all are key challenges in 160Gbit/s systems.


The actin cytoskeleton plays essential roles in modulating T‐cell activation. Most models of T‐cell receptor (TCR) triggering signalosome assembly and immune synapse formation invoke actin‐dependent mechanisms. As T cells are constitutively motile cells, TCR triggering and signaling occur against a cytoskeletal backdrop that is constantly remodeling. While the interplay between actin dynamics and TCR signaling have been the focus of research for many years, much of the work in T cells has considered actin largely for its 'scaffolding' function. We examine the roles of the actin cytoskeleton in TCR signaling and immune synapse formation with an emphasis on how poroelasticity, an ensemble feature of actin dynamics with the cytosol, relates to how T cells respond to stimulation.


In many research studies, tobacco users are asked to forgo tobacco during study appointments to avoid interrupting study sessions with breaks or disrupting research flow and efficiency. Although onset of withdrawal varies according to levels of nicotine dependence, symptoms commonly begin within 30 minutes of abstinence.1 Symptoms of nicotine withdrawal include irritability, restlessness, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating.2 Nicotine cravings pose a particular problem in tobacco research, as discussion of tobacco products and tasks participants complete may act as triggers to use.3 In recent focus groups among adults that currently smoke cigarettes, we offered nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) to participants to prevent nicotine withdrawal and encourage participants to stay in the 90-minute session. To our knowledge, no previous research has undertaken this approach. This letter documents the use and perceptions of NRT in our focus groups, and makes recommendations based on our experience. NRT can reduce the desire to use cigarettes and ameliorate withdrawal symptoms experienced during quit attempts.4 While NRT is most commonly used to aid in smoking cessation, research shows that NRT is safe to use regardless of quit intentions, and that certain products can be used on demand to combat acute nicotine cravings.5 NRT is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and was added to the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines in 2009.6,7 NRT products are available in most countries, although accessibility is limited in many developing countries.8 In the United States NRT can be purchased over the counter in the form of a patch, gum or a lozenge. The nicotine lozenge is especially effective for curbing acute tobacco cravings, as it allows the user to control the timing and dosage for rapid release of nicotine. As part of a larger study on tobacco control communication, we conducted five focus groups with adults who currently smoke cigarettes. The 90-minute sessions had no planned breaks so that the flow of discussion was not interrupted. We provided 2 mg nicotine lozenges that participants could use at any time. Lozenges were placed in the middle of the table with brief instructions for use, and participants were free to utilize them at any time during the study session. Four of 51 participants utilized the nicotine lozenges, and reactions to the available NRT were overwhelmingly positive. Participants reported that the NRT provision helped avoid potential nicotine cravings and was a nice and respectful gesture. Typical comments included:


The amount of formaldehyde removed by five species of indoor plants was assessed in a sealed chamber (1 ㎥ volume) with the gaseous formaldehyde of about 2 ㎕·L -1 for 5 h. The potted plants were defoliated by 0, 1/3 and 2/3 of each pots leaves. The amount of formaldehyde removal (㎍·m -3 ) calculated as not dividing by leaf area merely decreased a little bit with increasing defoliation rate. On the other hand, the rate of formaldehyde removal per unit leaf area (㎍·m -3 ·㎝ -2 leaf area) reversely increased as defoliated. There was a difference in the rate of formaldehyde removal per unit leaf area by the same species between various leaf areas. Therefore, the compensating equation of the rate of formaldehyde removal per leaf area was developed. First, model of the rate of formaldehyde removal per leaf area was developed by Beer-Lambert law and Michaelis-Menten-type equation. R-square values of this model were estimated to be more than 0.93 in five species. As a result, the compensating equation and the estimated representative value of parameters were described by (-0.0128 t² + 0.1351 t + 0.0463) - [1.7802 × e -1.6367 × L × t / (3.2864 + t)] where t is determined by time after gas initial exposure and L is leaf area.


We propose a generalization of the Butkovskiy's method of control with compact support [1] allowing to derive exact controllability conditions and construct explicit solutions in control problems for systems with distributed parameters. The idea is the introduction of a new state function which is supported in considered bounded time interval and coincides with the original one therein. By means of techniques of the distributions theory the problem is reduced to an interpolation problem for Fourier image of unknown function or to corresponding system of integral equalities. Treating it as infinite dimensional problem of moments, its L1, L2 and L∞optimal solutions are constructed explicitly. The technique is explained for semilinear wave equation with distributed and boundary controls. Particular cases are discussed.


Urban rail transit has received widespread attention due to its advantages such as fast speed, high punctuality, green and low-carbon. To explore the characteristics of passengers in urban rail transit, a station classification method based on data mining is proposed. Using urban rail transit inbound and outbound swiping data, the station is divided into 5 categories using K-means clustering algorithm, with the inbound and outbound passenger flows of each station as variables during the three periods of the day, morning peak, and evening peak. The results show that the inbound and outbound passenger flow data can better reflect the spatiotemporal characteristics of different types of rail stations. Finally, the passenger travel characteristics of different types of stations are analysed, and the identification study of different types of stations can provide reference for the planning, design, and operation management of rail transit stations.


The Venus of Dolni Věstonice I (Gravettian, 25, 000 B.P.) was discovered on July 13th, 1925 in Dolni Věstonice, South Moravia (Czechoslovakia), during Moravian Museum excavations. The figurine, made from fired clay, about 11.5 cm high, represents a woman with a plump figure. More than 75 years after its discovery, a fingerprint on the left side of the figurine back was analyzed. The dimensions of the fingerprint are 3x5 mm and it is possible to recognize seven lines. The structure was identified as a negative of human friction skin based on the minutiae, ridge breadth, and other markers. Epidermal ridge breadth correlates with the age during growth period of an individual. We elaborated the original method for age estimation from fingerprint ridge breadth and used it to estimate the age of the fingerprint owner. The ridge breadth varies from 0.34 to 0.43 mm with an average of 0.37 mm. The estimation of age is 11.13 years. With respect to the preciseness and limits of the method the age of the fingerprint maker was somewhere between 7 and 15 years. This estimation is valid if the age/ridge breadth relation in the Paleolithic was similar to the present day one. It is also important to realize that the maker of the fingerprint may not be identical with the creator of the artifact. It is quite hard to believe that such a figurine as the Venus of Dolni Věstonice I could have been a work of beginner or even of a child. However, this approach has great potential to specify social circumstances of ceramics production.


This paper discusses the use of fluorescent screens for the measurement of beam profiles on non-circulating particle beams. An expression for the intensity of the beam profile as a function of phosphor thickness is given. 3 refs., 8 figs.


Surgeons are being increasingly asked to justify interventions for primary and particularly recurrent varicose veins (VVs). The effect of primary and recurrent VV surgery on disease‐specific and generic quality of life (QoL) was compared.


An outbreak of a leaf miner, stomphastis thraustica meyrick (lepidoptera; gracillariidae) on jatropha curcas L.(euphorbiaceac) was reported for the first time in Malaysia. This leaf miner couses severve bloth mines on leaves of young seedlings in a nursery. Even though most of the seedlings survived from the first infestation but they might not survive in repeated infestations. Such outbreaks could pose a serious economic implicaton on productivity of the crop. Thus, much more research is required into the growing and management of J.curcas, including its pest management, to realize the full potential of the plant.


In this study, the authors attempted to introduce a simulation technique for radiation-convection heat transfer in the high-temperature fields of industrial furnaces, boilers, and gas turbine combustors. The convection effect was analyzed by a differential equation, but the radiation effect was analyzed by an integral equation. Thus, it was not easy to arrange both effects using the same type of equations. Then, the authors introduced the zone method and Monte Carlo method for the integral equation of the radiation effect and the finite difference method for the differential equation of the convection effect. A three-dimensional analysis of the high-temperature furnace was performed by this simulation technique to obtain its temperature distribution. Furthermore, another radiation-convection heat transfer analysis in the low-temperature living room was performed by the same technique. Finally, the authors tried to develop a computer software for radiation-convection heat transfer and described their idea of software construction for the above. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 31(5): 391–407, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.10042


Olefin dimerizations are typically proposed to proceed via a Cossee−Arlman type migratory mechanism involving relatively electron-rich metal hydrides. We provide experimental evidence and theoretical calculations that show, in contrast, relatively electron-poor O-donor Ir complexes can catalyze the dimerization of olefins via a mechanism that involves olefin CH bond activation and insertion into a metal−vinyl intermediate.


INTRODUCTION Youth face many obstacles in accessing contraceptive products and services, often more than married or older individuals. These include, for example, lower access to voluntary family planning and reproductive health services, and provider bias and social norms. Successfully breaking down these barriers requires a deep understanding of the issues that female and male youth face—and actively involving them in the solutions. Human-centered design (HCD) is one strategy for engaging youth and facilitating best practices in offering contraceptive services. Evidence suggests that individual and community-level participation and engagement leads to more sustainable and stronger outcomes.


FIELD: data transfer networks; transmission and reception of audio and video signals. SUBSTANCE: as distinct from centralized architecture of building video information service center, proposed system is built as distributed system that has one base video information service center and several local ones coupled with the latter through main-line communication channels. Base video information service center has in addition output to public telephone network, Internet, and mobile communication network. In addition, local information service centers and base one incorporate digital telephone exchanges, and users of local information service centers are additionally connected to these digital telephone exchanges. Technologies of local networks (Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet) are used for connecting users of local information service centers to servers. EFFECT: enhanced servicing speed at lower throughput of main-line communication channels. 2 cl, 3 dwg


There was a 7% inctease in strength of concrete cast in plcxiglass molds com· pared to concrete cast in paper molds. This corredion should be made when concrete cast in paper molds is used to calculate the strength of concrete models cast in plcxi· g~ss forms. S!eel and plexiglass molds can be used interchangeably, if the 5% confidence level IS acceptable. Steel and paper molds can also be: used interchangeabl\'. if the ?<J? confidence .Ievel is acceptable. Each ~-pe of paper mold should be testCd by statistically comparing the strength of concrete cast in them to the strength of concrete cast in steel molds. Cont'fete cast in steel s«ms to give a more predictable average strength than docs concrete cast in paper or plcxiglass molds. Conclusions drawn from this pilot study. in which few samples were tested. need to be verified by additional research.


Welding is a manufacturing process, which is carried out for joining of metals by submerged arc welding. This is the one type of Arc Welding, in which both the Arc and the weld metal are submerged beneath a layer of flux. This layer protects the weld metal from contamination and Concentrates the heat into the joint. The molten flux rises through the pool, de-oxidizing and cleaning the molten metal. It then forms a protective slag covering over the newly deposited weld. All welds will be prepared by submerged arc welding technique. We studied Design of Experiments for this work and by use of the experimental data have optimize by any one optimization techniques which has decide later. In which inputs parameters for submerged arc welding are welding current, arc voltage and welding speed and the output parameter are hardness, tensile strength and microstructure of material. We use stainless steel-304 material for welding. Small scale trial welding experiments, in the light of field joint of plate have been planned to perform on 5 mm plate thicknesses and Vgroove joint is used. For Experimental design full factorial method (L=mn) to find out numbers of reading is used. To find out percentage contribution of each input parameter for obtaining optimal conditions, manually method will be used. Mathematical model regarding to different input parameter values by using of any one optimization techniques will be used Keywords—SAW; submerge arc welding; optimization, manufacturing process


ABSTRACT The decline of Barn Owls (Tyto alba) in Europe and North America has been attributed to the loss and fragmentation of grassland foraging habitat and increased urbanization; both factors can reduce reproductive output and adult survival. We examined how the composition of the agricultural landscape influenced fledging success (defined as the number of young fledged per nesting attempt) of a threatened population of Barn Owls in the Fraser Valley, British Columbia, Canada. Among landscape variables, only amount of urban cover was correlated with fledging success of Barn Owls: Fledging success decreased with increasing urban cover within a 1-km radius of the nest site. This effect was driven by increased brood reduction: Individuals at sites with more urban cover fledged fewer young but did not lay smaller clutches or fledge young in poorer condition. Given that brood reduction is linked to food availability in Barn Owls and other species, this suggests that food availability was reduced in more urb...


OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical effect and safety of tetrandrine (Tet) for lung injury induced by radiotherapy.METHODS:A total of 122 patients recived thoracic radiotherapy were divided into two groups:52 cases for RT+Tet (100 mg,tid,1-6 d/w) during the radiotherapy,and 70 cases only for RT as the control.The dose of RT with 3 D conformal radiotherapy(CRT) were DT 56-70 Gy.V20 of the normal lung were (20±6)%.The evaluation on toxicities of Tet and the outcome of lung injury induced by radioation were done.RESULTS:The treatment plans in both groups were ordered smoothly for all the cases.No side-effect relating to drug were found.About acute radiation-induced lung injury,RT+Tet group showed:20 of Grade 0,29 of Grade Ⅰ,3 of Grade Ⅱ.RT group showed:41 of Grade 0,27 of Grade Ⅰ,2 of Grade Ⅱ.About late radiation-induced lung injury,RT+Tet group showed:41 of Grade 0,9 of Grade Ⅰ and 2 of Grade Ⅱ.RT group showed:51 of Grade 0,13 of Grade Ⅰ,6 of Grade Ⅱ.There were no significant differences on acute and late injury of the lung induced by radiation (P were 0.083 and 0.536).But another condition was noted at the same time,that was the ratio of dexamesone delivered clinically in the RT+Tet group (39%,27/70) was much higher than that in the control group(19%,10/52,P=0.022).CONCLUSIONS:Tet can be safely used in clinic.In this retrospectively analyze,the obvious effectation of Tet almost haven't been found on prevention and treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.The using of dexamesone may be the one of the main influential factors.


and indirect" (Burbules and Torres, 2000, p.21). In addition, it could provide people with the tools for effective interventions "in the dynamics of social conflict emerging between global transformations and local responses" (Burbules and Torres, p.21 ), including local, regional and transnational conflict. 2. The Practice Lest the reader think all of this is just so much "nonsense on stilts" (Bentham, as cited by Cotler, 1995, p. 9), the subsection above reflects much of the approach that we


Taking the case of Huzhou,the importance and the necessity of the development path of rural low-carbon tourism were analyzed,moreover,the general patterns of rural low-carbon tourism were discussed,finally,the measures for the development of rural low-carbon tourism were proposed.


In field experiments using brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea L., Gemmifera Group), cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata Group), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L., Botrytis Group), and celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce L.), the application of nitrapyrin with ammonium sulfate fertilizer at planting produced higher yields than ammonium sulfate alone, at planting, or in split applications. Tissue levels of NO3-N of cabbage, cauliflower, and celery were usually significantly higher in nitrapyrin-treated plots than in those receiving comparable rates of Ν without nitrapyrin. Tissue levels of NO3-N in brussels sprouts did not increase significantly as Ν rate and yields increased.


The article presents the Kaplan-Meier analysis, which estimates the cumulative survival function at the time of occurrence of each outcome. In order to predict the risk of an event for the object under consideration and assess the influence of independent variables on this risk, a Cox regression was built, which is also called the Cox proportional hazards model. The capabilities of these methods have been demonstrated using a real example of the analysis of risk factors affecting renal outcome in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). A retrospective study of 82 patients with type 2 DM complicated by chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 1-3 with the level of albumin excretion in urine A1-A2 was conducted. During the observation period, 26.8% of patients showed a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) below 60 ml / min / 1,73 m2 and an increase in the albumin-creatinine ratio (A/Cr) above 3 mg / mmol. In this regard, patients were divided into two groups depending on the presence of signs of CKD. We studied the main clinical and laboratory parameters: anthropometric, hemodynamic, the level of compensation for carbohydrate metabolism, serum creatinine, urine creatinine, urine albumin, and lipid metabolism. The indicator of intrarenal vascular resistance: resistive index (RI) of the right segmental artery was determined. It has been established that risk factors of impaired renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes are age, duration of diabetes, obesity, level of carbohydrate metabolism compensation and resistance index. The most informative indicator is the resistance index of 0,70 and higher. This indicator can be taken as a criterion for renal prognosis.


In order to promote special processing research and technique improvement work , base on our pilot line equipment parameters and experimental data, the process of pneumatic drying and cylinder drying were numerical simulated by using the latest computational fluid dynamics method. The results could provide the theory for processing research and equipment transformation.


This paper presents an analysis about the variation of quality factor (Q-factor) aiming at the complex micro resonator to explore the mechanism of the energy loss under different pressures. To demonstrate the work, a series of resonators are designed, which mainly differs in the squeeze-damping and scale of the beam. According to corresponding structure, the Q-factor is measured at different pressures while the theoretical air damping model combined with Christians model is also proposed. The air damping models of three types are proved to have 10%~30% relative error compared to experimental results in low vacuum, respectively. And, for the high vacuum, the structural energy loss plays an important role on the Q-factor, which increases with the decrement of comb quantity and the beam width.


The objective of this work was to characterize and evaluate the behavior of 13 banana genotypes (varieties and hybrids) AAA, AAAA, AAB and AAAB genomic groups, in two production cycles in southwest Bahia, using relevant phenotypic descriptors for the identification and selection of superior individuals. The Prata Ana and Pacovan (AAB), Grande Naine and Nanicao (AAA) varieties and the hybrids PA42-44, Pacovan Ken, Japira, Preciosa and ST12-31 (AAAB) and Ambrosia, Calipso, Bucaneiro and FHIA02 (AAAA), selected at Embrapa Cassava and Fruit Crops, were evaluated. The experimental design was in random blocks, with 13 treatments, five repetitions, 20 plants per plot, six useful and 3.00 m x 2.00 m spacing. The following characteristics were considered: Plant height, pseudostem perimeter, number of live leaves during flowering and harvest, number of days from planting to flowering and until harvest, bunch and hand weight, number of fruits, weight, length and diameter of fruit. Grande Naine, and Nanicao stood out for the characteristics of bunch and hand weight, number of fruits, fruit weight and length; the FHIA-02 hybrid presented greater fruit diameter in both production cycles and the earliest flowering and harvest in the second cycle; Calipso was the latest for harvest; ST12-31 was the tallest in height; the Prata Ana variety stood out for number of live leaves during flowering and harvest; the Prata type hybrids, PA42-44, Pacovan Ken, Preciosa and Japira, stood out for the parameters related to fruit quality when compared to its genitors Prata Ana and Pacovan, respectively; there was an increment of the parameters that reflected vegetative growth and yield from the first to the second production cycle for all genotypes evaluated.


Disclosed are a film for forming composite material, which is capable of improving impregnation properties by using a carrier film on which a low viscosity resin layer is formed, and a method for manufacturing composite material using the same. The film for forming composite material, according to the present invention, comprises: a continuous fibrous layer; and a carrier film which is adhered to any one side of the continuous fibrous layer and has a low viscosity resin layer formed on the adhered side of the continuous fibrous layer. Thus, the present invention provides the advantage of having a composite material with excellent impregnation properties and excellent mechanical performance.


Four methods analysing directional wave spectrum were testes and compared through numerical simulation. The four methods are (i) the truncated Fourier series (TFS), (ii) the Longuet-Higgins parametric model (LHM), (iii) the maximum entropy method developed based on the autoregressive process of directional waves (MEM I) and (iv) the maximum entropy method developed based on a probability density distribution of directional waves (MEM II). These methods were all tested using the first five frequency-dependent Fourier coefficients from the Fourier series expansion of a directional spectrum. The result showed that the MEM II appears to have the better overall performance. However, the MEM II also often has convergence problem when dealing with real data. For application, this convergence problem can be overcome by using a maximum entropy approximation method suggested here.


We extend the theory of Kapitza stabilization within the complex domain, i.e. for the case of an imaginary oscillating potential. At a high oscillation frequency, the quasi-energy spectrum is found to be entirely real-valued, however a substantial difference with respect to a real potential emerges, that is the formation of a truly bound state instead of a resonance. The predictions of the Kapitza averaging method and the transition from a complex to an entirely real-valued quasi-energy spectrum at high frequencies are confirmed by numerical simulations of the Schrodinger equation for an oscillating Gaussian potential. An application and a physical implementation of the imaginary Kapitza pendulum to the stability of optical resonators with variable reflectivity is discussed.


The personality disorder is a prominent psychological problem among undergraduates,which poses a big threat and attracts people's attention.The causes of undergraduates' personality disorder are complicated.It may be influenced by individual,family,school and society.Prevention and self-adjustment are the effective way for students to reduce personality disorder.So,we can organize training on group behaviors to strengthen the psychological health education for undergraduates and cultivate their healthy personalities through esthetic education.


This study examines whether firms just above and just below three earnings benchmarks (loss avoidance, earnings changes, and analyst forecast) have differing levels of discretionary accruals. If discretionary accruals are a measure of earnings management, then firms above (benchmark beaters) and firms below a benchmark should have differing levels of discretionary accruals. Dechow et al. (2003) investigate a similar question for the loss avoidance benchmark (earnings levels). They find that firms just above the loss avoidance benchmark do not have discretionary accruals that are significantly different than firms just below the benchmark. However, they do not consider firms just below the loss avoidance benchmark that might be using discretionary accruals to avoid missing an alternative benchmark. I find that after I remove firms with incentives to beat an alternative benchmark from the firms that just missed the loss avoidance benchmark, firms just above the benchmark have significantly higher discretionary accruals. I find similar results for the earnings changes and analyst forecast benchmarks. This paper is based on a portion of my dissertation at the University of Georgia. I gratefully acknowledge the contributions of my committee: Kenneth Gaver (Chair), Ben Ayers, Linda Bamber, and Jennifer Gaver. The additional comments of Michael Bamber, Norman Godwin, and workshop participants at Auburn University, University of Georgia, University of Missouri at St. Louis, and University of Texas at Dallas are also appreciated.


Abstract In this article, the authors have presented the MHD hybrid nanoliquid flow comprised of CuO and Ag nanoparticles (nps) over a rotating disk under the effects of thermophoresis, Brownian motion, activation energy, heat source and chemical reaction. The flow is considered over a spinning disc with convective conditions. The proposed model is solved with the help of HAM. The convergence of the HAM is also shown in order to verify the convergence of the modeled problem. The effects of embedded parameters on the velocity, energy and mass profiles of the magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanoliquid are shown with the help of Figures. Also, the effects of embedded parameters on skin friction, heat and mass transfer rate are calculated with the help of Tables. The results showed that the velocity and energy profiles are augmented with the increasing solid volume fraction. The increasing magnetic parameter reduces both the radial and tangential velocities of the hybrid nanofluid flow. The increasing effects of heat source, thermophoresis and Brownian motion factors on energy profiles are found. The increasing influence of thermophoresis and activation energy factors on concentration profile of the hybrid nanofluid flow is found, while the increasing Brownian motion, chemical reaction and Schmidt number reduce the concentration profile.


Aim To investigate the therapeutic effectiveness of mouse C57BL/6 T lymphoma cell line EL 4 transfected with B7.1 or/and GM CSF gene on malignant lymphoma. Methods B7.1 and GM CSF genes were transfected respectively into the EL 4 cells by the aid of retrovirus vector. The anti tumor effects of transfected EL 4 cells were observed in the mice. The levels of IL 2 and TNF α in plasma,cytotoxicity and proliferation of splenic lymphocytes were detected in the mice inoculated with transfected EL 4 cells. Results ① In the inoculated mice, the tumor grew slowly, murine survival time was lengthened and a large number of inflammatory cells appeared in tumor tissue. ②Inoculated mice could resist the attack of wild type EL 4 cells. ③In the inoculated mice, the plasma IL 2 level increased obviously, while plasma TNF α level remained unchanged. ④ Obvious proliferative reaction and cytotoxic activity of splenic lymphocytes from the inoculated mice were observed. Conclusion The EL 4 cells transfected with B7.1 or/and GM CSF gene can effectively stimulate immune response to lymphoma in vivo . The two genes can synergize each other to induce anti tumor immunity.


Objective Toinvestigate the effects of CCR5 antisense peptide nucleic acid(PNA)and the combination of PNA CCR5 and low-dose rapamycin on islet allograft acute rejection.Methods The recipient mice were divided into 4 groups:the PNA CCR5 group,the low-dose rapamycin group and the combination treatment group:the mice received PNA CCR5 and mpamycin at a dosage of 0.2 mg/kg per day,the saline group is a con- trol.The mRNA levels of IL-2,IFN-γand IL-10 of islet grafts were analyzed.CCR5 protein levels were evaluated by Western blot.T cells proliferation was assessed by lymphocyte proliferation reaction.Histology of graft was eval- uated,Results The mean survival time of combination treatment allograft is longer than that of PNA CCR5 treat- ment(P0.05)and low-dose rapamycin treatment allograft.At day 7 of transplantation,IL-2 mRNA expression of low-dase rapamycin,PNA CCR5 and combination treatment al]ograft were significantly down-regulated.PNA CCR5 increased mRNA expression of IL-10(P0.05),and this effect was accentuated by rapamycin(P0.01).The mitogen-induced T cell proliferation was significantly down-regulated in low-dose rapamyein and com- bination treatment recipients.Conclusion PNA CCR5 can increase the survival time of islet allograft.Rapamycin can accentuate the role of PNA CCR5.The combination of PNA CCR5 and low-dose rapamycin further alleviates acute rejection and improves the survival of islet allograft.


The advent of NFV is a major revolution in the field of networking. The mapping planning of service function chains has an important influence on the performance of NFV, so it has always been the focus of research. Existing algorithms can't consider the problem well with resource consumption and link delay and find the effective mapping path. To address this issue, we propose an aggregation service chain mapping plan based on the improved BAS algorithm. First, we aggregate the service chains with the same start point and end point, then apply the improved BAS algorithm with K-shortest path algorithm(MASFC) to search the best mapping plan iteratively. The experiment result shows that the algorithm can find the effective mapping plan with the restriction of resource. It also reduces the amount of calculation, thus reduces the consumption of computing resource, and has a good performance in network delay and mapping cost.


In the context of Ireland's new legislation governing abortion, I outline and examine the spatial consequences of political decision-making. I argue that Ireland's new abortion law and its clinical guidance permit travel for some pregnant people but impose fixity on others. I analyse the spatial consequences of legal limitations, including non-medically necessary delays in care and medical control of medication abortions, that necessitate travel for abortion. I demonstrate how current laws fix some pregnant people in place, including diverse migrant populations within Ireland, with no possibilities for abortion-related travel. This critique of the 'new' law demonstrates the Irish state's continued political and medical control of abortion.


As part of the national implementation of pavement deterioration modelling, Transit New Zealand recently established 63 long-term pavement performance (LTPP) sites throughout the state highway network. These sites were chosen to represent the spectrum of pavement construction, traffic composition and climatic zones experienced in New Zealand. The long-term objective of this study is to calibrate the pavement deterioration models currently used on the state highway network. These models are a combination of the World Bank's HDM-III and HDM-4 models, but also include a number of locally developed models. This paper explains the rationale behind the design of the site selection matrix before proceeding to discuss the establishment of the sites and specification of the survey contract. The paper then presents an analysis of instrument repeatability for the first two years of survey in order to confirm the validity of contract specifications. A comparison between the manual LTPP measurements and the network-level high-speed data measurements is also presented, confirming the original project assumption that the level of accuracy required could only be achieved with manual measurements. (a)


The marketplace changed tapidly from vendor to buyer orientated. This shift influences the use of design methods in industry, The use of methods in a midsize company s analysed and visualised in a portfolio. Possibilities for improvement will be shown as the result of the analysis.


Formation and movement of sand dunes could be considered the most important problems thatsafer and destroy agricultural lands, domestic and industrial buildings. These dunes finally forma desertification state. The hard climate as high temperature and reduction in rainfall are themain factors affecting on this formation. This practical study is a trial to solve this problemthrough addition and covering the dunes by local material. Hydrated lime was used in this work,the lime was mixed with water in different ratios and covered a hills of sand. Three ratios of limewere selected to cover three sand hills with diameter 100 cm and height 50cm. The thickness ofthe lime layer is 6cm and covered all the hill. The hills were lifted for a year under the naturalcircumstances of sun shine, winds, rainfall and temperature. Results indicated that the hills werefixed and no sand were blown from dunes. Furthermore, some natural plants have been grownover them.


The current article capitalizes on sociocultural history contributions as regards to unravel the meanings of a particular case: the performance of women teachers in moments of strikes and claims. We position ourselves in a bounded localregional reality: the town of Firmat in Santa Fe, Argentina. In these terms, the journalistic speeches of Santa Fe press are discussed attentive to the groups of women on strike: they supported them, but mostly sought to destabilize them however,by means of a pendular game, the teachers will use this to spread a rumor as a tactic of empowerment. The purpose: delegitimize and discredit those who accused them for their actions.


We introduce a two-dimensional, distribution-valued field, which we call the quadratic field, associated with the one-dimensional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process and we prove that the stationary quadratic fluctuations of the simple exclusion process, in the diffusive scaling, converge to this quadratic field. Moreover, we prove that this quadratic field evaluated at the diagonal corresponds to the Wick-renormalized square of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, and we use this new representation in order to prove some small and large-time properties of it.


Selecting competent and compatible management employees depends on the identification and evaluation of suitable candidates. This article provides practical advice for advertising, networking, and using search firms to enable an employer to reach a large pool of suitable prospective candidates. The merits of a written position description, which provides an objective document defining the person and position to be filled, a checklist of qualifications to use as a framework for interviewing candidates, and a time-saving handout to give to interested prospects, are discussed. Effective candidate evaluation methods are discussed, with practical pointers for screening resumes, conducting telephone and personal interviews, and checking references.


In formulae (I) and (II), A represents a hydrocarbon radical which may contain atoms of oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur or halogen, n is a whole number from 1 to 4, Rf is a perfluorinated chain containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, B is a bivalent chain, one of the sym bols R represents a hydrogen atom and the other a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms. These products when applied to sub strates, such as textile fabrics, confer on them a perma nent anti-stain and soil release finish while permitting easy elimination of soil by washing.


Objective
To investigate the early immune effects of rabies vaccine combined with human rabies immunoglobulin (HRIG).

Methods
Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) was used to test the titers of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA). The titers of RVNA of persons who had exposed to rabies at degree III on day 0, day 1, day 7, day 14 and day 45 were compared. The dynamic curves and seroconversion rates (SCR) of RVNA in persons of different genders, age and vaccine regimens (Essen and Zagreb) groups were analyzed.

Results
No significant differences of SCR among different genders, age and vaccine regimens groups were observed on the same day. SCR could be 100% on day14 in different groups. The dynamic curves of RVNA within the first 14 days showed the models of gradual rise, rapid rise and rapid decline.

Conclusions
The dynamic curves of RVNA within the first 14 days varied when rabies vaccines were used in combination with HRIG, and not all subjects were proved to be protected based on the RVNA detection within this period.

Key words:
Rabies vaccine; Human rabies immunoglobulin; Rabies virus neutralizing antibody; Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test


Objective : Previous studies showed that xanthine oxidase-related active oxygen generation was involved in heat stress-induced apoptosis in testicular cells. Hence, in the present study, the expression of xanthine oxidase in experimental cryptorchidism and heat-stressed testicular cells was assessed to determine the involvement of xanthine oxidase-related active oxygen generation in heat stress-induced apoptosis in testicular cells. Methods : (1) Immunohistological examination of xanthine oxidase was performed in a rat model of cryptorchidism. (2) mRNA expression of xanthine oxidase in cultured rat testicular cells was assessed by RT-PCR. (3) Expression of xanthine oxidase protein in cultured rat testicular cells was assessed by western blot analysis. Results : The presence of xanthine oxidase in testicular cells was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, especially after the spermatid stage. mRNA expression of xanthine oxidase in cultured testicular cells was similar with and without heat stress as determined by semiquantitative RTPCR. Expression of xanthine oxidase protein in cultured testicular cells was similar under both conditions, i.e., at 32.5˚C and at 37.0˚C, as determined by western blot analysis. Conclusions : mRNA and protein expression of xanthine oxidase was confirmed in testicular cells. Quantitative changes in xanthine oxidase expression cause by heat stress have not been clarified. These findings suggest that activate oxygen generated by xanthine oxidase is involved in apoptosis of testicular cells induced by heat stress.


Exposure of RC beams to fire may lead to a decrease in their load capacity and stiffness of the beams, both during heating and after the beam has cooled following the fire. The degree of damage is related to the fire's intensity in terms of temperature and duration. This investigation is concerned with the effectiveness and suitability of the CFRP near-surface mounted (NSM) laminate system in terms of repairing RC beams after exposure to elevated temperatures. In the experimental work, the ISO-834 standard fire curve was adopted to test the beams. Two beams were tested at normal temperature exposure, while the other beams were heated to the target temperature using a large horizontal furnace. The experimental parameters involved in this study were the type of heat exposure, the level of heat exposure, and the insulation effect. Although a reduction did occur in the stiffness and ultimate load of affected beams, repairs with NSM laminates were found to offer an effective technique for increasing the overall stiffness and load carrying capacity of the beams.


Overview of the fashion and luxury industries: the importance of the Chinese market. The new Chinese customers: attitudes and behaviors. The Chinese urban households. The impact of the new made-in-China generations on high-end brands.


A major problem in software maintenance and reverse engineering is the lack of documentation that represents the actual state of t he application source code. When a software product needs to be updated to fix bugs, a dd new functionality, or ported to other system, usually developers find themselves wi th documentation that does not reflect the actual state of the application (and the source code) making it hard to comprehend how the code accomplishes the functionality stated in the different high level documentation elements. Developers then must read a nd understand the source code, using code comments as the low level documentation, which may themselves be out of date.


Abstract This work describes the application of a recently developed signal processing technique for identifying periodic components in the presence of unknown colored noise. Specifically, the application of this technique to the identification of strongly periodic components in meteorological time series is examined. The technique is based on the unique convergence properties of the family of minimum variance (MV) spectral estimators. The MV convergence methodology and computational procedures are described and are illustrated with a theoretical example. The utility of this method to atmospheric signals is demonstrated with a 26-year (1964–1989) time series of 70-mb wind components at Truk Island in the equatorial Pacific. The MV method clearly shows that although equatorial disturbances with periods of 3–5 days have a strong signal, they do not show a strong periodic component. As expected, MV convergence illustrates that the 70-mb zonal wind series at this location has a significant periodic component ...


Nowadays the impact of information technology in different sectors of society including banking, is inevitable.By increasing access to smart phones, using mobile banking as one of the new electronic banking services, is expanding.While adoption of mobile banking services has accelerated in many parts of the world, customers in Iran pay little attention to these services, and despite of the availability, isn't used properly . Researches about influencing factors of users' decision to adopt technology shows that the success of an investment in information technology field depends on the user's tendency level in using it. In recent decades, according to the advancement of information technology and its users, several models in the field of technology adoption emerged that each of these models have different functions in different areas.In this article ,first we review these models then, we survey the factors influencing on the adoption of mobile banking in Iran and finally, we offer a model for the development of mobile banking reception in Iran, according to TAM model. Original Article: Received 22 Sep. 2015 Accepted 11 Dec. 2015 Published 20 Dec. 2015


Stephanie Johnson Thomas R. Mertens Stephanie Johnson is an undergraduate in the Honors College at Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306, where she is completing a major in biology and a minor in social work. She is interested in a career as a genetic counseling associate. While a student at the Ball State University London Center during the autumn quarter of 1987, Johnson interviewed Maurice Wilkins in his Kings College, London office. The interview will serve as the basis for a portion of her senior honors thesis. Thomas R. Mertens is distinguished professor of biology education at Ball State University. He has a B.S. in biology education from Ball State and a M.S. and Ph.D. in genetics from Purdue University. A member of the Ball State faculty for 32 years, he directs NSF-funded projects for inservice biology teachers and co-authored Genetics Laboratory Investigations, 8th ed. (Macmillan) and Human Genetics, 4th ed. (Scott Foresman). Mertens served as NABT president in 1985 and was named an Honorary Member in 1988.


While transistors per square millimeter and on-chip clock keep scaling smoothly according to Moore's Law, Vdd does not, nor does Vth. This leads to a dramatic increase in chip power density, and to a significant shift in the balance between dynamic and leakage power. In spite of the recent effort made by EDA vendors in delivering novel solutions that help mitigating the effects on power consumption of technology scaling, the question of whether EDA industry is taking the low-power matter seriously still remains.This session will provide an answer to this intriguing question, by first offering a short review of the stateof-the-art in design technologies for dynamic and leakage power minimisation. The session will then continue with a public "trial", in which OEMs, IDMs, IP and fabless semiconductor vendors will play the role of the public prosecutor, against defendant EDA industry. The court's ruling will tell us about the future targets the EDA vendors will pursue in low-power design technologies.


Fluoro-substituted η 6 -arene tricarbonylchromium complexes react with aliphatic ketones in the presence of SmI 2 and tBuOH under C-C bond formation to give the corresponding tertiary benzylic alcohols in up to 77% yield. Chlorobenzene-Cr(CO) 3 exhibit a similar reactivity. The reactions proceed through attack of a ketyl radical to the complexed arene followed by single electron reduction of the 17 VE intermediate. The overall reaction parallels a nucleophilic aromatic substitution of fluoride (S N Ar) and preferentially occurs in a meta-tele fashion.


Synthesis and structure of some analogs of the omeprazole containing furan and thiophene rings are reported. Their effects on the basal and the histamine-stimulated secretion were evaluated on the isolated rat stomach.


Abstract A methodology for designing pairs of layers to reduce the peak electric-field intensity in the critical layers of multilayer polarizers and oblique incidence reflectors is presented. It is shown that, for S-polarized radiation, the peak field intensity in the first high-index layer of a polarizer having (H/2 L H/2) as the basic stack, can be reduced by about a factor of seven by adding a single pair of layers on the side of incidence. Further, about a factor of four reduction in peak field intensity for S-polarized radiation occurs in the first high-index layer of a (HL)7H polarizer and oblique-incidence reflectors with the addition of three pairs of layers having different thicknesses. This methodology can also be applied for designing pairs of layers for reducing peak electric-field intensity for P-polarized radiation.


The new conception- electronic government service is the method through which public managements and organizations can run and manage by means of all modern information technologies,especially networks. But electronic government service is confronting one difficulty- security. In this article four demonstrations about hackers、virus、information security and networks security are put forward on how to build the secure environment of e-government service in law.


Organizing committee The Foundation's Executive Committee consists of the following persons: W.J.E. van de Graaff L.D. Alblas D J. Feenstra Ms C.M.M.Weisenborn H. Dronkert E. Dijkhuis P. Currie Chairman Vice Chairman Secretary Treasurer Member Member Member KNGMG PGK KNGMG PGK KNGMG PGK PGK (Shell International E&P B.V.) (Amoco Netherlands B.V.) (Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij B.V) (Ministry of Economic Affairs) (Delft University of Technology) (Delft University of Technology) (Delft University of Technology)


In this paper, an idea of radiation pattern modiflcation using symmetrical slots in an elliptical microstrip patch antenna partially loaded with mue-negative (MNG) metamaterial has been proposed. Previously, size reduction of conventional elliptical microstrip patch antenna has been possible by using MNG metamaterial. But the idea of using symmetrical slots to modify higher modes in such metamaterial loaded elliptical patch antenna is difierent and a novel concept. Using this idea novel design of slot loaded elliptical microstrip patch antenna partially loaded with MNG metamaterial has been introduced successfully. In this paper, slot loaded elliptical patch antenna partially loaded with MNG metamaterial is theoretically and numerically analyzed. Actually, this mode modiflcation has been done by MNG metamaterial & newly introduced symmetrical arc shaped slots with the help of proposed better radiation conditions, relevant theory of dispersive metamaterial and realistic simulated results. The potential application of this novel idea is the way to design multiband antennas using appropriate metamaterials (ENG or MNG) and using the idea of additional modifled modes in elliptical patches also.


Hanging at CABE at the Connecticut Commission for Educational Technology, setting our goals and visions. Hoping to take a buzzsaw to buzzwords #edtech


In order to realize the self-learning of the platform, an improved RBF neural network model is adopted, and a similarity matching algorithm is added, which improves the comfort of platform users and reduces redundant knowledge links. Based on constructivism, platform moral education constructs an intelligent computing learning platform with autonomous learning function through the construction mode. Based on the relatively perfect database, the moral learning platform extracts relevant resources for the platform teaching mode and basic services respectively, so as to optimize the platform design. Rely on computer technology to establish educational resource database, extract or collect teaching resources from all aspects, and form a database group with complete information. After the platform content design is completed, different interfaces are used to link to different end users. The establishment of multi-interface can make the system online at different terminals, fully consider the user's moral learning environment, and let users learn online anytime and anywhere. Compared with the traditional algorithm, the improved algorithm adds the similar matching function on the basis of RBF algorithm. It reduces the phenomenon of repeated push in students' autonomous learning system. The similarity matching algorithm is added to improve the comfort of platform users and reduce the redundant knowledge chain. The construction of moral learning teaching mode not only increases the interaction of the platform, but also improves the efficiency of user education and learning, and enhances the user's awareness of intelligent computing.


Clean hydrocarbon is an alternative source of other fuels like coal and natural gas. Based on the literature, the significance of hydrocarbon production via Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process cause to develop a new mathematical algorithm response surface methodology (RSM)/ design of experiment (DOE). The influence of important factors, like pressure, temperature and feed ratio (H2/CO) on the performance of the FTS are examined. The experiments are conducted in the range of: P = 1.9-3.75 bar, T = 523-563 K, and H2/CO ratio = 0.85-1.85 at set space velocity (2000 h-1). A second-order model is developed via RSM in terms of independent input variables to describe the CO conversion and selectivity of CO2 and C5+ as the responses. It is concluded that at low temperature and H2/CO ratio, CO2 selectivity increase significantly and C5+ selectivity decreases appreciably when pressure increases. Moreover, at low pressure an increase in temperature, reduces CO conversion. According to contour plots and analysis of variance (ANOVA), it is illustrated that the maximum CO conversion was obtained at P = 3.21 bar, T =563 K and H2/CO = 1.85 while for C5+ the maximum is observed at P = 3.67 bar, T = 529.1 K, and H2/CO = 0.91, and CO2 selectivity is minimized at P = 1.93 bar, T = 563 K and H2/CO = 1.85.  The predicted conversion and selectivity are in good accordance with experimental results which is an indication of the accuracy of RSM methodology in designing and optimizing the FT process.


Objective: To analyze the effect of laparoscopy in the treatment of endometriosis patients with high CA_(125) expression. Methods: One hundred endometriosis patients treated in one hospital from May 2010 to Oct. 2011 were selected as the research subjects,and divided into the research group and control group with 50 cases respectively,based on systematic random sampling by clinician,under the approval of hospital ethnics committee and awareness of patients. Patients in the control group were treated by traditional open surgery,while patients in the research group were treated by laparoscopic surgery. The differences of clinical efficiency between the two groups were compared. Results: The research group was compared with the control group on CA_(125) expression after operation in 6 h,12 h,and 24 h,the differences between the two groups were significant( P 0. 05),and the differences in operation time,blood loss,length of hospital stay and incision length were significant( P 0. 05). Conclusions: Laparoscopic surgery has outstanding efficiency in the treatment of endometriosis patients with high CA_(125) expression,who have a satisfactory recovery,thus this procedure is worthy of clinical promotion.


INTRODUCTION Who would have ever imagined a few decades ago, when the first laparoscopic surgeries were considered dangerous and risky, that today's surgeons routinely perform laparoscopy and other minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures on a daily basis to ease the pain and suffering of their patients with increasingly superior surgical and cosmetic outcomes? Laparoscopy dates back nearly a century ago when the first procedures were performed in dogs and subsequently in human patients. With the development of anesthesia and aseptic techniques, surgery reached a new paradigm. Laparoscopic surgery was officially introduced by Kelling in 1910 when he was able to explore an insufflated abdomen with a cystoscope. The first use of laparoscopy by a general surgeon was in 1985 when Muhe described a laparascopic cholecystectomy which in short time became the standard of care for cholelithiasis and cholecystitis. However, the procedures always tended to be limited not only by the operating surgeons' skill set but also by technological developments. It was not until the early 1980s that Dr. Kurt Semm brought laparoscopy to the forefront when he performed and published the first laparoscopic appendectomy. At that time, only three decades ago, Dr. Semm stirred up great controversy with his procedure and he was even called unethical in trying to attempt such unnecessary and dangerous trials. His opponents criticized his attempt at innovation. However, the time was right for change and laparoscopy took off like a rocket soon after with more and more companies investing into the development of laparoscopic instrumentation and medical institutions training surgical residents in laparoscopic procedures. The great advantages were clear. Laparoscopy, due to decreased incisions and manipulation, had the potential to revolutionize surgery, translating to decreased postoperative pain and hospital stay for the patient. In the 1990s the introduction of MIS led to revolutionary changes in the field of operative medicine. However, as laparoscopy became used by an increasingly growing number of surgeons for a vast variety of procedures, the laparoscopic and thoracoscopic techniques were shown to have technical limitations and certain disadvantages, especially when sophisticated procedures were carried out. Most of the technically advanced operations were and still are difficult to perform in a minimally invasive setting and involve a steep learning curve for the entire surgical team. Other pitfalls of traditional laparoscopy include unstable video camera platform, limited motion of straight laparoscopic instruments, 2d imaging and poor ergonomics. Despite these disadvantages, the positive aspects greatly outweigh the negative ones and nowadays, laparoscopy is the standard of care for appendectomies, cholecystectomies, and a wide variety of other general surgery and surgical subspecialty procedures (eg fundoplications, cholecystectomy, gastric banding, colectomy, esophagectomy, sub/total gastrectomy, gastrojejunostomy, thymectomy, thoracic sympathectomy, lobectomy, mediastinal parathyroidectomy, left pancreatic resection and many more ). Despite great promises, pediatric surgeons were initially hesitant to accept laparoscopic surgery for common use in small children due to uncertainty about instruments and machinery because they were originally developed for use in adult patients. Current Trends in Pediatric Robotic Surgery


The object of a methodical reflexion is an attempt establish interpretation as a conscious method of psychiatry. This attempt was stimulated by the presently leading methodical directions of structura


Operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) is one of the most significant building-blocks of analog Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI). For high-performance analog circuit applications, the bandwidth and power consumption are the most important parameters to determine the performance of the OTA. In this paper a comparison of two architectures OTA based on the same topology is presented. Simulation results are shown for low power OTA and wide bandwidth OTA. The gain is 58 dB and 60 dB, slew rate is 7.7 V/μs and 70 V/μs, Cut-off frequency is 20 KHz and 250 KHz, settling time is 32 ns and 15 ns at ±1.5V supply voltage. Eventually we have succeeded in reducing the static power consumption to 0.036 mW for first version of OTA, and increase a Gain bandwidth to 126 MHz for second version of OTA.


10. Fukushima, S., K. Shimomani, and S. Ogama. Pathologische Anatomie der durch ein filtrierbares virus verursachten hiihnerseuche in Korea. J. Jap. Soc. Vet. Sci. 9 (4): 302-316, 1932. Cited by Beaudette, F. R., 1943. 11. Garren, H. W., and C. W. Barbour. Endocrine relationships concerned in the response of young chickens to fowl typhoid. Poult. Sci. 33 (5): 1055, 1954. 12. Jungherr, E., and E. L. Minard. The pathology of experimental Avian pneumonencephalitis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 5 (15): 125-134, 1944. 13. Kohn, A. The role of the alimentary tract and the spleen in Newcastle disease. Am. J. Hyg. 69 (3): 167-176, 1959. 14. Pasley, F., and J. Auex. Morphological evidence of endocrine dysfunction due to Newcastle disease virus. Can. J. Comp. Med. 22 (2): 44-55, 1958.


Stable colloidal suspensions of magnetite and magnetite/starch nanocomposite prepared by the co-precipitation method, and a simple, facile and aqueous-based chemical precipitation method, respectively. Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films on supporting stainless steel plates were prepared by drop-coating followed by heat treatment under controlled conditions (Fig. 1). The effects of calcination temperature and atmosphere on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of nanoparticulate magnetite thin films were investigated. Magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films were formed from the magnetite/starch nanocomposites after the starch component was carbonized by heat treatment under controlled conditions (Fig. 1). The initial content of native sago starch was found to affect the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the resulting magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films (Fig. 2). Nanoparticulate magnetite thin films prepared under optimized conditions exhibited a specific capacitance value of 82 F/g in mild aqueous solution of 1.0 M Na2SO4 (Fig. 3). A specific capacitance of 124 F/g was achieved for the magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films in the same mild aqueous electrolyte. Due to their high charge capacity, good cycling reversibility and stability in a mild aqueous electrolyte, nanoparticulate magnetite and magnetite/carbon nanocomposite thin films appear to be very promising electrode materials for the fabrication of charge-storage devices, in particular, electrochemical capacitors.


Abstract The exterior metric of an infinitely long cylinder whose parameters vary periodically along its length is obtained as a Weyl type solution in terms of Bessel functions, and extended into the interior of the source. The question of inductive energy transfer between two co-axial cylinders of this nature is considered.