Brebes is one of the districts traversed by the road north coast. Congestion on roads pantura frequent because this road is a national road along the coast of the island of Java. Long road pantura Brebes ± 32.8 Km. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the capacity of roads pantura Brebes based on the volume of traffic there and know how big the relationship between the ratio of volume per capacity and traffic jams that occur on the road north coast Brebes. This research was conducted along the northern coast Brebes district. The data used are the characteristics data, inventory data path, the data traffic volume and vehicle speed data. Analysis was conducted on the Analysis of Traffic Volume, capacity analysis segment, analysis of vehicle speed, intersection capacity analysis, the analysis of the degree of saturation, analysis level of service redesign and analysis of road.


Oral medications that are used for cancer chemotherapy in adults can also help children, but pediatric-specific formulations are needed to improve the care of young patients, FDA officials and experts in pediatric oncology said during a December 15 advisory committee meeting.

"We recognize that


Left Atrial Myxoma Associated with Advanced Atrioventricular Block in a Very Elderly Woman
Primary cardiac tumors are rare and only 10% of them are malignant. Nearly 80% of benign forms are myxomas that usually develop in the atria, 75% originating in the left atrium and 15-20% in the right atrium.


It has been assumed that property isotherms do give a reliable indication on the occurrence of limited solubility or immiscibility in liquid eutectic systems. However, it has been found later that systems which have a limited solubility in the liquid phase exhibit positive coefficients of surface tension; this has been noticed even in cases in which the limited solubility region could not have been clearly defined and which showed their tendency toward such behavior only by the inflection of the liquidus curves. The appearance of the limited solubility probably coincides with the start of eutectic crystallization so that these systems may not be considered as being completely homogeneous. On the basis of these considerations the following classiflcation is suggested: 1) V-systems containing a compound with a stable intermetallic bond in the solid state which causes divergences in the property isotherm from the average values; 2) L-systems without a stable bond between the components (typical ideal solutions) having simple property isotherms; 3) E-systems exhibiting limited solubility in the liquid state resulting ultimately in the separation of the components; and 4) less sharply defined or intermediate Z- systems. However, this classification does not solve all the problems of systematization of liquid alloys.more » (TTT)« less


This issue of RESPIRATORY CARE reports a study from Conway et al at Children's Hospital Cincinnati in which efforts were made to standardize the care of infants and children suffering viral bronchiolitis. These respiratory therapists and their physician colleagues have been on the leading edge of using process-improvement methodology to change the way we administer respiratory care to bronchiolitis patients. Many departments are, to one degree or another, engaging in process-improvement efforts, but the Children's Hospital Cincinnati group has done all of us a service by publishing an honest description of their successes and the obstacles they faced. Conway et al focused on making sure that key elements of the process of care were done appropriately, and they measured the effects of those processes on outcomes. Interventions tested included a combination of nasopharyngeal suctioning and a symptom score to determine whether aerosolized bronchodilators should be administered. Outcome measures included the mean number of bronchodilator treatments per patient.


Electrochemical metal cells utilizing tellurium and sodium chemistry are being extensively explored for developing advanced high‐performance batteries. The daunting challenges, however, still remain with low rate capability/volumetric capacity, unclear redox reaction processes, and the notorious sodium dendrites. Here, a cell design that features a novel Te/carbon nanorods cathode and a tailored ether‐based electrolyte is reported. It is the first report of Na metal‐Te full batteries with performance comparable to those of reported Na‐S and Na‐Se batteries at low ratings. By using the semimetal Te instead of the insulating S or Se, the Na‐Te batteries actually outperform reported Na‐S and Na‐Se batteries at high ratings. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, UV–vis spectrum, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy results clearly reveal a three‐step redox process and stability of the Na metal‐Te cells. These comprehensive results demonstrate the feasibility of practical Na metal‐Te batteries with high volumetric energy density and a viable cell fabrication cost.


The relationship of positive and negative dimensions of self-esteem and perceived control to substance (tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana) use was tested with a sample of 1,775 adolescents, surveyed in 8th grade and followed up 1 year later. Esteem and control were highly correlated. Concurrent multiple regression analyses with simultaneous entry indicated internal control inversely related, and self-derogation positively related, to substance use; the unique contribution for control variables was 6.4 times the unique contribution for esteem variables. In prospective analyses, only internal control was significant. Self-attitudes were less relevant in general for substance use among Black adolescents compared with Hispanic and White adolescents; self-derogation was less relevant for adolescents in single-families compared with two-parent families. Previous findings on self-esteem and substance use may be partially reflecting the effect of perceived control.


In today's systems, analog and mixed-signal (AMS) circuits are tightly interwoven with HW/SW systems and the application. Hence, a verification of the AMS part alone is not sufficient any more, in particular considering its application in Cyber-Physical Systems. In order to guarantee `first time right', the accuracy of the models, the validation of the application fitness, and in changing, uncertain environments will become at least as important. In this paper we discuss and give an overview of methods that strive for validation of AMS systems with increased coverage. We in particular focus modeling, verification and validation of uncertainties in the context of Cyber-Physical Systems.


Power is defined as relational, authoritative, motivational, and as knowledge. Empowerment is the act of facilitating individuals to achieve their wishes, desires, and objectives by making them aware of their power, potential, and knowledge. Empowerment in an organization or society entails granting participatory rights to the members of the organization or society, enabling them to fulfill duties expected and benefits due. The household has historically been the basic unit of existence of individual Japanese. As influenced by Confucianism, Japanese people practiced a matrilocal system, one in which the husband goes to live with the wife's community, dating back to the Heian period (785-1184 A.D.). Disempowerment of women in the Japanese culture dates back to the Tokugawa Shogunate era of 1602-1868 (Seth, 1992). The Tale of Genji, a novel that was written in the 11th century by a woman, sheds light on one of the reasons that the Japanese people are apathetic to the empowerment of women. Nonetheless, to improve overall performance and increase per capital output of the country, Japan needs to address her gender inequality problems. This is explored in this chapter.


BEFORE I proceed to the main point in question in this article, I \Visll to BAy II. word in regard to the group of animals, viz: the Protozoa, of which I am fully convinced the 8pongiuJ OiUalca are a Pl'rt. ~rom the time when Ehreuberg published his great work, the "InJUlionstMerchen," to the Jleriod of the issue of the "Elude, .tW' les InjuJOire8," of ClaparMe and Lachman, there has been a Sleadily growing belief that a large part of tbat rnON of animalcules which Ehrenbera denominated Infusoria forms A distinct grand division, equaily IlS decided in character IlS AllY of the four grcat IIroups which nre no\\' ~enerally accepted. Still it is II. liLtle curious that, although Cuvler had long ago pointed out the plan or type upon which his four embrancl,emmls were constructed, later investigators have not attempted to elucidate the typacal idea which lies at the bllSis ot the Protozoan organization. ClaparMe and Lachman have approximated neares\ to 8uch an attempt in their division of II. part of the group into dexiotropic and lreotropic sections, but nothing is said, even there. of a plan which runs through the whole grand division. Surely tbey had seen enough of material-at least of the higher divisions of the ~oup-to sustain them in pronounoing upon the typical relation of the Infusorian orgamzation; but it may be that tbe apparent paucity of characters among the lower members of thIS grand oivision misled them into an apprehension that there WtlS no definite taxonomical relationship of the organs. That they recognized the latter as members of the B8me group with the former no one will deny, but it must be conceded that the nffi1iation WIlS observed to be only one arising from simi· larity of orrnization and habit, and not from any community of 'plan in tDe disposition of the organs. It is now' over two years since I demonstrated-in a course of 1ectures, delivered in February and Marob, 1864, at the Lowell Institute in Boston-that the arrangement of the o1'J{anizatioD of the Protozoa is bllSed upon a spiral, or rather a hehx: more recently those lectures have been published I and the type of the organization of the ProtoZM, as weU as that of each of the other four grand divisions of animals, made as clear, by illustratit)ns, as the limits of the volume seemed to allow. In order therefore that I may Dot appear to claim for the Sponges merella now position in the universe of obscurities, I shall take the bberty of


Airline operations depend on the complex control of many expensive, tightly-constrained, interdependent resources such as crews and aircraft. Operations research (OR) has played an important role in developing planning tools for this complex system. In recent years, however, the already intense pressure on the airline industry has dramatically increased due to rising fuel costs, competitive pricing, increased congestion, and security concerns. Important research opportunities still exist in the areas of integrated planning, robust planning, and optimization-based recovery tools. One outstanding challenge is that all of these require the simultaneous consideration of aircrafts and crews, which are typically treated independently in current systems. The result is far larger instances of the crew scheduling problem than are currently being solved, because this problem can no longer be decomposed by fleet type. Existing methods, which typically rely on enumeration-based approaches to solve the imbedded crew pairing problem, become intractable for these larger problem instances. In this paper we introduce an alternative approach, based on integer programming, to generate crew pairings over very large flight networks. Computational results based on a major U.S. carrier are provided.


Molecular biologists commonly require assessment of nucleic acid sample purity through a spectrophotometric absorbance ratio of the sample at 260 nm compared to that at 280 nm. Impurities common to nucleic acid preparations that cannot be detected at these wavelengths can often be detected at 240 nm. The basis of nucleic acid A 260 /A 280 ratio determinations and the use of 240 nm measurements to detect common contaminants are described below.


An initial calculation have been performed to study the crystal structures of V(bcc) and its hydrides VHx(0x2). The optimized crystal structures and total energies are obtained. The stability of hydrides and phase transitions of V-H system are discussed with enhancement of hydrogen concentration in the cell. The calculation results are in remarkably close agreement with experiments.


methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify RCTs that compared either wearable mHealth daily monitoring devices (weight, BP, oximetry, ECG heart rate/rhythm) or implantable continuous monitoring devices (direct [pressure] or indirect cardiac measurements [thoracic impedance]) with usual care in HF patients with reduced or preserved EF. Outcomes of all cause mortality and hospitalizations were abstracted. Pooled relative risks (RR) for each outcome by device type (wearable or implantable) were determined by random effects meta-analyses


Biomass is a renewable resource which can be broken down into bio-derived high value molecules using industrial processing, parts of which rely on enzymatic degradation. Nature provides a vast pool of highly efficient lignocellulosic enzymes capable of breaking down the multitude of natural polymers found in biomass. Identifying organisms that thrive within ecological niches based around the consumption of lignocellulosic material is likely to yield novel biomass degrading enzymes. Shipworms are marine organisms which use shell-like protrusions to burrow into submerged wooden substrates in oceanic environments. Endosymbiotic bacteria, Teredinibacter turnerae, found within the gills of the shipworm is thought to provide the host with a variety of carbohydrate active enzymes for use in the digestion. This work characterises carbohydrate active enzymes identified within the genome of T. turnerae including glycoside hydrolases (GH) from families 5, 8 and 12 as well as a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) from subfamily AA10. Analysis of three GH5 proteins found activities on cellulose (TtGH5_2 and TtGH5_un) and xyloglucan (TtGH5_4), with one protein (TtGH5_un) likely representing a new GH5 subfamily. TtGH8 was found to be highly active on xylans, with kinetics and structural studies showing a preference for longer xylooligosaccharides. The molecular structure of TtGH12 was solved, but substrate specificity remains unknown, indicating a potentially new activity subclass within the GH12 family. TtAA10 was active on crystalline cellulose through copper mediated oxidative attack at C1 or C4 either side of the glycosidic bond, and modelled structurally at high resolution. Like many other specialised organisms, the genome of T. turnerae is a treasure chest full of potentially useful lignocellulose degrading proteins. This work has assessed the activity and structure of several enzymes from T. turnerae and found multiple different substrate activities and potentially novel functions, paving the way for further experimentation and potential utilisation in industry.


Accelerator solidification and hardening hydraulic binders, comprising Al2 (SO4) 3 aluminum sulfate, Al (OH) 3 aluminum hydroxide and mineral acid in aqueous solution, wherein the ratio of mineral acid (in% by weight ) includes 5.1% H3PO4 phosphoric acid and / or 0.5-3.0% of H3BO3 boric acid, and the accelerator solidification and hardening it contains no formic acid ratio 0.5 - 15% by weight.


How is it possible for an adolescent to become autonomous in spite of the necessity to introject some qualities of the others (parents, teachers and so on).


The new calculation approach of water vapor rotational energy levels using symmetric top model for Ka>=J/2>>1 has proposed. The rotational spectroscopic parameters of the Pade-approximation for ground vibrational state of H2O molecule in the frame of this model was obtained. The absorption coefficient of water vapor in a spectral range 850-920 cm-1 was calculated for 1000 - 10000 K temperatures.


The commercial application of hybrid technology into the transit bus fleet worldwide, spurred by government incentives and large scale deployment in leading cities such as New York and London, has met with varying degrees of success. It is however, clear that the introduction of advanced hybrid technology for electromobility has increased commercial viability. A new parallel hybrid technology was introduced to the market in 2010. The parallel hybrid concept with a co-optimised diesel engine fitted with an AMT gear box and a 120kW electrical machine was supported by electrification of steering servo, air compressor, climate control and a series of new functions were introduced such as electric take-off and idle shut down. In total the new concept lowered fuel consumption by 35%~39% in city traffic. The introduction of highly efficient diesel electric hybrid buses is the first step in a paradigm shift to electromobility. The new technology offers lower energy use, lower emissions, less noise and higher availability, simultaneously. Analysis of the statistical distribution of bus routes shows that the future will be more complex than the past. The lowest total cost of ownership will be achieved with different technologies depending on the fuel price, utilisation, and characteristics of the bus routes. In the future, it is expected that plug-in hybrid and full electric buses will become commercially available.


For the shape measurement of the cold rolled strips, the new rectangular fringe shift method is introduced. The image saturation always occurs in the image center because of the total specular reflection of the strip surface. The central area saturation is reduced by using the circular gaussian density filter. Least-square fitting is used to find out the phase information of the strip. Phase map is obtained from the eight quasi-rectangular strip patterns and the shape of the object surface can be expressed by unwrapped phase map of 256 gray levels.


While participating in a short-term service-learning based course in Honduras, the authors interviewed residents of Santa Rita, a small high poverty village, concerning their perceptions of the impact of service groups working in the community. This article presents the interview findings interwoven with the authors' personal reflections. One author addresses the question of whether service work is fostering dependency among community members. The second author describes her awakening to the reality that her initial perception of the community's values and needs differed from those of community members. The third author describes the community members' lack of awareness that the act of service and the relationships built across borders is as much a gift for those providing service as for those receiving it. Following the reflections, the faculty director provides implications for effectively leading service-learning programs.


Abstract : The United States played a pivotal role in the creation of the United Nations fifty years ago and has made the UN a central part of its national security strategy ever since. The Clinton administration in particular has increasingly relied on the offices and offerings of the UN to pursue its foreign policy. For example, the UN was essential in implementing the US policy toward Iraq, both in the destruction of Iraq's weapons of mass destruction and in maintaining economic sanctions The UN also played a key role in the US strategy toward Haiti, Bosnia and Somalia. The US even used the UN and the threat of UN Security Council sanctions in its bilateral nuclear negotiations with North Korea. As such, it is not surprising that President Clinton has maintained that the UN performs an indispensable function. What may appear somewhat surprising is that the US is nearly one and a half billion dollars in arrears to the UN and these arrears, according to the Secretary General of the UN, have brought the UN to the brink of collapse.1 This is particularly odd considering the fact that the US acknowledges that dues to the UN are a freely accepted treaty obligation.


ABSTRACT This article contributes to the emerging critiques of inequalities in the access to water by focusing on three inter-related aspects: affordability, accessibility and quality of water. Based on extensive fieldwork, the paper explores the situation in segregated Roma settlements in Slovakia and highlights the critical role of power asymmetries at a local level. It builds a conceptual framework using Bourdieu's notions of "social field", "habitus", "doxa", and "capital", highlighting the central role of power asymmetries at a local level. Insights are drawn on how dominantly positioned social actors command decision-making regarding water supply, and how social hierarchies, inequalities and the "positionality" of Roma as a marginalized group are functional to the lack of political will to address insufficient water access for Roma in any efficient manner.


Action research in the critical paradigm involves a process of continual refection in and on action including the research process itself. In the second in a series of several papers we report on the day-to-day management of the QUIPPED project. The aim was to facilitate patient centred care through inter-professional collaboration with health care learners at a Canadian university. Reflections of the continuum from early conceptualization of the project in 2004 through to lessons learned in 2008 are described. Key components include the importance of team development, overall coordination, and attention to logistical and structural issues are explored. The importance of learner driven initiatives as well as the need to prepare faculty for inter-professional teaching cannot be emphasized enough. Key Words: Interprofessional Education and Management of Action Research Introduction An Action Research (AR) approach (Carr & Kemmis, 1986) is being undertaken to understand and promote interprofessional education in the Faculty of Health Sciences at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The first paper in this series (Paterson et al., 2007) focused on demonstrating the credibility of a critical action approach for research in interprofessional education (IPE). This second paper of a series focuses on the day-to-day action of research through the management of the project and highlighting the progress of IPE. Critical action research (CAR) (Higgs, 2001) does not occur in isolation. There are often several issues that require action to occur simultaneously. Action research was chosen as the most appropriate methodology to study the transformation of health education to accommodate interprofessional learning opportunities for pre- and post-licensure learners. Interprofessional teaching and learning activities are becoming increasingly more common with the recognition of the value of team-work in health care (Lemieux-Charles & McGuire, 2006). We have argued that health care professionals share common competencies, so teaching and learning together makes sense (Verma, Paterson, & Medves, 2006). A close examination of curricula offered in academic health science centres offers many opportunities for interprofessional teaching and learning, and the challenge is to exploit these opportunities. At Queen's University we had a unique opportunity with external funding through Health Canada to develop interprofessional teaching and learning. The process of developing the critical action research project through team building of faculty, and inclusion of students and patients, requires an assessment of the status quo; an environmental scan and a plan to transform through change processes. A critical action research project is established if there is built-in reflection in action (Schon, 1983) and assessment of change through evaluation as both a formative and summative exercise. The process by which this project developed in the first two years is presented to allow the reader to assess the evolution of the project. Background The Romanow Report (Health Canada, 2002) led to a call for proposals from Health Canada for Interprofessional Education for Collaborative Patient Centred Practice (IECPCP). Twenty projects were funded across the country. A 21st project bought all the projects together to share resources, processes, and provide a forum for developing interprofessional education and practice across the country. One project, the Queen's University Inter Professional Patient-centred Education Direction (QUIPPED), was funded in July 2005. The goal of the project was to "create an interprofessional education environment at Queen's University that enhances the ability of learners and faculty to provide patient-centred care, while recognizing the contribution of the health care team within a respectful and collaborative framework". …


Objective To explore the features of benign and malignant prostate nodules based on the transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)and transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy pathological findings.Methods In 135 patients of abnormalities within the prostate nodules,transrectal CEUS was performed with administration of venous injection of SonoVue.The characteristics of routine ultrasound and CEUS in the benign and malignant nodules were observed.A comparative analysis of variables in the tissues of benign and malignant nodules was performed with Q-LAB software.Results In 174 of abnormal nodules with transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy,77 malignant nodules and 97 benign nodules were detected,and 55 of malignant nodules located in the outer gland areas,whereas 69 of benign nodules located in the inner gland area.High-density enhancement with signal of fast washin and fast washout was found in 71.43%(55/77)of malignant nodules,while simultaneously homogeneous perfused enhancement was observed in 88.66%(86/97)of benign nodules inside and outside the gland.Conclusion Transrectal CEUS plays an important role in the differentiation of benign or malignant nodules of prostate and determination of extent of the lesions.


Virtual cathode in collector of multibeam klystron (MBK) is formed when the electron beam current exceeds the space charge limited current. Then the electron-beams return the drift tubes of output cavity causing device performance deterioration as stated in W. Jiang et al. (2005). A number of collector designs have been developed in this paper to eliminate this nuisance. Virtual cathode effects were simulated with PIC (Particle in Cell) software. The results show that setting bottleneck and thin slot structures at the port of a collector are beneficial to restrain the formation of virtual cathode.


The design of receive filters is always a technological bottleneck for the application of extended BPSK(EBPSK) signal.We don't pursuit for the usage of special filters to reproduce a transmitted wave-form with precision.Instead,our objective is to determine,for a noise-perturbed signal,which waveform form the finite set of waveforms is sent by the transmitter based on chaotic oscillator.Based on the theory of Duffing oscillator weak signal detection,the chaotic demodulator for EBPSK signals is proposed.Nu-merical and experimental tests are taken to investigate the bit error performance of the proposed method.The concept that Duffing oscillator uses the energy of periodic driving force to resist noise is proposed,which explains the anti-noise mechanism of Duffing oscillator from the energy point of view.


In 2000 the Dutch government chose a new point of view for the Dutch rivers: "Room for the River". This viewpoint is the basis for a new approach of high water protection in the Netherlands. Instead of strengthening and raising the dikes, solutions must be based on space and spatial quality. One of the suggested measures is the addition of secondary channels. The purpose of these channels is enlarging the conveyance area and the ecological role of the river. Maintaining the profile of these channels involves substantial financial consequences. Finding a sustainable solution for undesired erosion or sedimentation is the main focus of this study. The research question is stated as follows: "How can the undesired erosion or sedimentation in secondary channels be corrected with a temporary but sustainable solution in the form of surface screens?". The main part of this study is an experimental study on the effects of surface screens on a mobile bed. The design of the physical experiments requires choices about the geometry of the flume. The experiments were carried out with a straight flume and with a dividing wall. Preparing the experiments requires information about the flume facility. The experiments have been carried out in the Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory of DUT. The upstream boundary conditions are discharge and velocity distribution. The downstream boundary condition consisted of a fixed water level. The water level was kept constant along the natural slope of the surface. The experiments consist of taking velocity and bed level. The angle of attack and the penetration depth were chosen to be variable. The angle of attack was varied between 15 and 25 degrees. With these relatively small angles the screen acts as guidance for the flow, instead of an obstruction. The penetration depth was varied between 20% and 60% of the water column. The initial test run determined the optimal measurement duration and the initial equilibrium. Four representative cases have been described in detail, giving support to the general conclusions. The flow pattern changes under influence of the surface screen. The main flow direction is guided by the screen, introducing a transverse velocity at the surface. As flow continuity in the flume has to be maintained, the water near the bottom is forced to have a transverse velocity in opposite direction. Redistribution of the suspended transport and the bottom transport was induced. This generated locations were the actual transport did not meet the transport capacity, which gives rise to morphological changes. Next to the spiral motion the screen had an effect on the longitudinal flow velocities. The attacked side of the flume experiences a higher velocity, thereby having a higher transport capacity. This higher capacity gives rise to local erosion of the bed. At the unattacked side, sedimentation occurs, thereby rising the bed level. In the B-series of the experiment a dividing wall was added. The screen in front of the bifurcation gave rise to the same two processes, but the wall introduced an extra effect. The screen influenced the bifurcation relationship. The bed level adapted to the new conditions. The upstream effect of the bifurcation is explained by changes in water level topography, thereby influencing the backwater curve. In general the wall amplified the morphological development of the bed. Finally some suggestions have been made for the practical application of surface screens. In general the screens can be applied in a (secondary) channel or in front of a bifurcation. The use of a screen inside a channel has an advantage not to interfere with the navigation channel. The advantage of a screen in front of a bifurcation is influencing two channels simultaneously. One of the main disadvantages of the latter is the possibility of disturbing the delicate bifurcation relationship. When carefully implemented this effect can simultaneously be the main advantage of this screen layout, as the morphological response increases.


The structure of cermets indexable milling cutter and the shape indexable blade are introduced on the paper.The angle of cermets indexable milling cutter is analyzed.Through cutting test,the endurance of cermets indexable milling cutter is high,the roughness of surface is Ra0.8.


Numerous studies of learning about politics from the media suggest that in spite of criticism of election news coverage for being superficial and preoccupied with campaign strategy, voters do learn, especially from television news, newspapers, and televised debates. Most likely to be learned are awareness and concern over certain issues, candidates, and traits of candidates. Specific positions of candidates and parties on issues are somewhat less likely to be taught by media. Contrary to popular belief, media exposure seems to have little relationship to voters' images of candidates; prior political attitudes and educational levels are much stronger predictors of these perceived images. Exposure to media coverage of elections, especially television coverage, is likely to reinforce interest in politics and voting turnout, although heavy media emphasis on campaign strategy and maneuvering can make some voters more cynical and less likely to vote. Newer forms of media, such as radio and television talk shows, seem to have notably weaker and less consistent links to voter learning of any kind.


Software features of Auto CAD and Photoshop were introduced in this paper,and application technique methods also been elaborated from aspects of drawing space setting,base map entry adjustments,base maps vectorization,database creation,various thematic mapping,drawing scale settings and late effects processing and so on.The advantages and disadvantages of the two mapping software in applications were discussed.


As an alternative method, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI-FTMS) has been successfully used to detect and identify free radical adducts with small molecular weights of hydroxyl and 2-cyano-2-propyl radicals trapped with 5,5-dimethylpyrroline N-oxide (DMPO). The detection and identification by MS/MS experiments using sustained offresonance irradiation collision-induced dissociation (SORI-CID) of [(DMPO+·OH–·H)+H+] (m/z 130.0868) and [DMPO+2 ·CH(CH3)2CN+H+] (m/z 250.1917) have demonstrated that MALDI-FTMS could be an effective method for detection and identification of free radical adducts. Other radical adducts have been also detected and identified. The approach of MALDI-FTMS is simple, fast, and sensitive which has potential for high-throughput analysis.


A pitch synchronous innovation-CELP (PSI-CELP), proposed by NTT DoCoMo in 1993, is adopted as the Japanese half-rate PDC (personal digital cellular) speech codec standard. This algorithm is based on CELP (code excited linear prediction) with a pitch synchronized excitation source. It uses 3.45 kbit/s out of 5.6 kbit/s for speech coding and the remaining 2.15 kbit/s for error protection. The paper summarizes the standardized PSI-CELP algorithm. The techniques used to improve speech quality, to reduce computational complexity, and to reduce memory requirements are mentioned. A real time operating prototype based on this algorithm is also described.<<ETX>>


For seven years in the period 1981 1987 years was realized in the development stage of introduction of the wild boar population in the Middle Irtysh region, with a gradual increase in the number of issues and due to natural breeding individuals, with mean annual number of 289 individuals, the rate of change in the number of 77 individuals / year, with average annual growth in the number of 14,3 %.


A motor operation state monitoring and fault detecting system is composed of a voltage transformer, a current transformer, an optical-electricity encoder, acceleration sensors, temperature sensors, a microprocessor, a display unit, a sound-light alarm unit and a wireless communication module. The voltage transformer and the current transformer are installed on a power supply circuit of a motor. The optical-electricity encoder is installed on an output rotating shaft of the motor. The acceleration sensors are installed at the tail and the left side face of the motor and arranged above the motor. The temperature sensors are installed at the two ends and the middle end of the motor. The microprocessor receives signals output by the voltage transformer, the current transformer, the acceleration transformers and the temperature sensors, and controls the sound-light alarm unit to give an alarm and send operation parameters of the motor to a central control unit through the wireless communication module. The motor operation state monitoring and fault detecting system has the advantages that the signals can be collected, processed and analyzed without control of a PC, the operation states of the motor can be monitored in real time, the motor operation state monitoring and fault detecting system has the function of diagnosing the motor fault, the sound-light alarm can be given when the motor breaks down, and the accident rate is reduced.


Application, target cell, confusion tissues or organs, health regions for modification or destruction, in particular, relates to activating nanoparticles that can be used human health. It relates in particular to nanoparticles that can generate a significant effective therapeutic effect when exposed to ionizing radiation. The nanoparticles of the invention, the maximum size, has a size included in about 80~105Nm, preferably metallic nanoparticles metal has at least 25 atomic number (Z). The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a population of nanoparticles defined above, and their use.


In five studies, the effects of ingroup's status on the automatic evaluations of humanity was explored. The Go/No-go association task was used. In Studies 1 and 2, the relation between Northern Italians (higher status group) and Southern Italians (lower status group) was examined. In Study 3, it was manipulated the status of the Italian ingroup and the American outgroup: in two conditions, either attributes of Italian superiority or attributes of American superiority were made salient. In Study 4, the status of minimal groups was manipulated. In Study 5, results of previous studies were replied, using different stimuli. In all the studies, the higher status ingroup was more associated with humanity than the lower status outgroup, that was even dehumanized. In contrast, a privileged human status was not accorded to ingroup in the lower status condition. The effects of infrahumanization and dehumanization seem to be moderated by ingroup's status.


This paper examines the relationship between export diversification, export margins and economic growth at the industry level using Thailand as a case study during 2002–16. Our results show that the effects of export diversification and margins on economic growth vary across industries. Export diversification helps boost growth only in some sectors, including electronics, automotive and chemicals, plastic and rubber, while in the processed food, and textiles and apparel industries, specialisation matters more in promoting growth. In almost all industries, a non‐linear relationship between diversification and economic growth is not revealed, except in textiles and apparel. The diversification is crucial in enhancing the impact of exports on growth only in the processed food and textiles and apparel industries. Expansion of intensive margins plays an important role in boosting growth in key industries within Thailand. The role of extensive margins, both in terms of new products and new market destinations, in promoting economic growth is limited. For extensive margins (new products), it is found to be significant in boosting economic growth only in processed food and textiles and apparel, while in the case of extensive margins (new market destinations), its significance in boosting growth is revealed only in the electronics sector.


Incivility is a problem that exists in nursing education and practice and one that has serious repercussions. Clark and Springer's (2010) defined incivility as "rude or disruptive behaviors, which often result in physiological or psychological distress for people involved, and if left unaddressed, may progress to a threatening situation" (p. 320). Incivility is known by other terms such as bullying, mobbing, lateral or horizontal violence, and relational aggression hostility (Croft & Cash, 2012; Decker & Shellenbarger, 2012; Dellasega, 2009; Goldberg, Beitz, Wieland, & Levine, 2013). The relationship that student nurses develop with staff nurses have a significant impact on their learning and sense of belonging. Incivility toward nursing students by staff nurses has been reported as contributing to students' negative experiences in the clinical environment and the disruption of the teaching-learning environment (Anthony et al., 2014; Clark & Springer, 2007; Marchiondo, Marchiondo, & Lasiter, 2009). However, these studies do not include students who are English as Second Language (ESL). ESL students may struggle to meet the challenges presented their nursing education program due to differences in their culture and language. As the numbers of ESL students enrolled in nursing education program increase nationally, it is important to study whether culture and language have an impact on their perceptions of incivility. The purpose of the study was to determine whether there was a difference between English as Second Language (ESL) and non-ESL nursing students' perceptions of staff nurse incivility.


Virtual reality (VR) and head-mounted displays are constantly gaining popularity in various fields such as education, military, entertainment, and health. Although such technologies provide a high sense of immersion, they can also trigger symptoms of discomfort. This condition is called cybersickness (CS) and is quite popular in recent VR publications. This work proposes a novel experimental analysis using symbolic machine learning to rank potential causes of CS in VR games. We estimate CS causes and rank them according to their impact on the classical machine learning classification task. Experiments are performed using two VR games and 6 experimental protocols along with 37 valid samples from a total of 88 volunteers.


We report evidence of a new long-range order in singleS-crystal Zn3As2 grown epitaxially on lattice-inisinatched InP and GaAs. The Raman activity of the layers confirm, in contrast to the bulk C4,'2 syirmietry, a space group of D4h'5 for the epilayers. Thermodynamic considerations show that the dependence of the free energy on the lattice parameters of this 11-V compound may be sufficient to account for the stability of the new structure. Such preferential stability in these ordered defect, single crystalline materials is not unlike the occurrence of long range order reported recently in several III-'V and IV-IV semiconductor alloys grown on bulk substrates. We identify a process analogous to stress induced Zener relaxation that could yield the new order.


Contemporaneity encompasses several forms of conjugality, among them the relationship between people of the same sex. There are several studies on homoaffectivity and homoaffective parenting, however, few emphasize the investigation of the conjugality of these couples, especially from the psychoanalytic framework. The aim of this study was to analyze the homoaffective conjugality through the Couple and Family Psychoanalysis framework, with a focus on the bond typology and infl uence of generational psychic transmission. This was a clinical-qualitative study, in which four couples were interviewed, these being two pairs of women and two pairs of men, with lengths of relationship ranging from 3 to 11 years. The incidence of a bond typology of thirdness could be perceived, evidencing the capacity of these couples not to idealize the bond, exchanging different meanings about the relationship. The infl uence of generational psychic transmission was also observed, encouraging the members of the couples, through psychic alliances, to form their own conjugal models elaborated from previous generations. New studies aimed at the comprehension of the homoaffective conjugal bond should be carried out.


This chapter aims precisely at coping with the existing lacuna in contemporary legal studies, and sheds light on the link between the promotion of foreign direct investment (FDI), which is a critical factor for development, and the protection of cultural heritage. A number of investment treaty arbitrations involving elements of cultural heritage have shown the increasing association between foreign investment and economic development on the one hand and cultural development on the other. The chapter also proposes legal methods to reconcile these different values. It explores the legal framework for the protection of cultural heritage at the international law level. The chapter sketches out the investment law framework. Next, the conflict areas between investment law and cultural heritage law will be scrutinized through an analysis of some relevant case studies. The chapter discusses legal options which may reconcile the different interests at stake. Keywords:cultural heritage; economic development; foreign direct investment (FDI); International Law; investment treaty


Abstract
Dr. Bruce Squires retired in September after spending 10 years as editor of CMAJ. During his tenure the editor's responsibilities expanded greatly because of the CMA's foray into the publishing of medical books and additional journals and other publications. In this article, people who have worked with Squires reflect on his term with CMAJ.


ABSTRACT In this work, carbonation reaction of CO2 with lime was investigated at both pellet scale and pilot reactor scale. A modified grain model was developed in order to evaluate the kinetic parameters of the reaction. Pellet-scale experiments were carried out in a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) system providing the data for the model parameters calculation and also confirming the model with experimental data. The activation energy was about 29 kJ/mol for calcined calcium carbonate. Aspen Plus software was used to simulate the packed-bed reactor behavior in order to investigate the accuracy of the kinetic data obtained by the mathematical model.


The challenges posed by a highly competitive new Century propose a model of nation - state based on giving priority to the pursuit of the knowledge management's advantage......


Pertussis known as whooping cough is a highly contagious disease. Whole cell pertussis vaccine is the most economical and effective strategy for preventing and controlling pertussis. The efficacy of whole cell vaccine is ascertained most commonly by intracerebral challenge assay, but it does not reflect the true efficacy of vaccine as Pertussis essentially is a respiratory disease. Therefore, in order to mimic the natural infection, intranasal challenge model in mice was developed. In intranasal challenge assay mice were immunized with vaccine and challenged through intranasal route. Mice lungs were dissected and examined for bacterial count. The degree of count was related to efficacy of vaccine, higher count indicated low efficacy and low count pointed to better efficacy.


[Extract] This Hibiscus from the Townsville region has only recently been described by Lyn Craven, Russell Barrett and Matthew Barrett in Muelleria 35:3-14, 2016 – online. There are now at least 11 Hibiscus species within a 50 km radius of Townsville. These are described along with a summary of distinguishing features.


The friuts is important because contains of matters that are necessary for health of people. These are especially vitamins and mineral matters. Regular suplly of these matters increases tolerance of organism against disorder. On last years is larger pleasure consummation of tropical friuts namely as in fresh state or textured, e.g. dried, candied. In my work was stu-died Mangifera indica, Musa, Averrhoa carambola and if are accetable to production jams. This labor descibe theoretic part about tropical fruits, is described adjustment of jams and appreciation if is choice fruits acceptable on its production.


A safety assessment approach for human-machine interfaces (HMI) of Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) instrumentation and control systems (I&Cs) based on the Safety Case methodology is proposed. I&C assessment model is described taking into account human factor impact. Normative profile based on harmonization and standard requirements selection for choice of HMI safety assessment methods is developed. Ranking of major design principles of safe HMI is provided. Set of methods for comprehensive human machine interface safety assessment at life cycle stages is analyzed and adopted taking into consideration features of HMI safety attribute.


ABSTRACT This article describes an outreach activity developed and coordinated by academic librarians as part of a state program for low-income middle school students. Rather than offering a traditional library tour, the library organizers wanted to provide the middle school students with a meaningful experience that would encourage active participation, critical thinking, and alleviate library anxiety. As a spin on the traditional tour, students applied an ethnographic approach to learning about the library. The authors describe the development and implementation of the activity and provide recommendations for other librarians involved in outreach to K–12 students.


David William Schindler is the 1985 recipient of the Hutchinson Award, given annually by the American Society of Limnology and Oceanography. It is awarded to an active scientist in limnology and oceanography in recognition for outstanding research.


A National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for particulate matter equal to or less than 2.5 microns in diameter is being considered by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Particulate matter of this size is commonly referred to as PM2.5 or, more generally, "fine" particulate matter. PM2.5 matter found in California can be volatile and water soluble, complicating sampling techniques. In order to investigate potential sampling methodologies for fine particulate, the U.S. EPA funded a field study conducted by the California Air Resources Board (ARB) between November 1994 and March 1995 in Bakersfield, California. Wintertime atmospheric conditions in Bakersfield include persistent fog, temperatures in the nearfreezing range, PM10 concentrations ranging up to 300 micrograms/m and predominant concentrations of volatile compounds, such as ammonium nitrate and carbon in the total PM10 mass measurements. This paper presents the initial results of the 1994-95 Bakerfield winter particulate matter field study. A total of 16 samplers representing a variety of existing, modified, and newly designated equivalent samplers, were sited in parallel and results for both PM10 and PM2.5 measurements were compared. We found that losses from evaporation and other mechanisms can lead to significant particulate matter mass loss during and after sampling. Understanding and addressing these losses is critical to achieving a consistent measurement of PM2.5. These factors must be addressed as the U.S. EPA proceeds to identify reference or equivalent samplers for a possible fine particle NAAQS.


Adolescents who contracted HIV perinatally should be told of their disease status. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.


The fruits of Terminalia bellirica were studied to analyze its pharmacognostic characters. Organoleptic studies of the air dried powdered fruit rind revealed characters like yellowish brown colour, astringent taste and aromatic odour. The fluorescent analysis of the powder after treatment with different chemical reagents under visible and short UV light showed different colour changes. Microscopic evaluation of the fruit rind revealed epidermal hairs, stone cells, starch grains and needle like crystals of Calcium oxalate as the key identifying features which were confirmed by powder microscopy. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the aqueous extract revealed the presence of glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, saponin, carbohydrates and proteins.


Based on three different market structures,this paper theoretically analyzes the decisionmaking behavior and expected returns of rural households,formal finance institutions and informal finance institutions.It arrives at a conclusion that,only under the coexisting and cooperation between formal finance institutions and informal finance institutions,the financing demand of rural households could be effectively met and their expected returns could achieve the maximum.Furthermore,it provides empirical evidence for establishing cooperative mechanism between formal finance institutions and informal finance institutions based on the data of field research on nearly 10 000 rural households in eastern,central and western regions.


Objective: To explore the effect of Feng-liao-chang-wei-kang (FLCWK) on acute and chronic gastroenteritis, synergistic effect on the growth inhibitory effect with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on colorectal cancer and its underlying mechanisms. Methods: In the in vitro study, HT-29 cells were divided into 5-FU alone, FLCWK alone and coadministration groups. The MTT assay was used to analyze the proliferation of HT-29 cells at 24 h. Flow cytometry was used to observe the apoptosis, cycle of colorectal cancer HT-29 cells at 24 h. In the in vivo experiment, The subcutaneous transplantation tumor model of colorectal cancer HT-29-Luc was established with nude mice. All mice were randomly divided into 5-FU alone, FLCWK alone and coadministration groups according to body weight. During administration, the Interactive Video Information System small animal live imaging system was used to monitor the growth of subcutaneous transplantation in nude mice. The model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CACC) was established with BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into the normal control group, the model control group, and the FLCWK group. At the end of the administration, the pathological status was detected by HE staining. Cell apoptosis of tumor tissue tumor and colon tissues were observed by TUNEL staining and TUNEL green fluorescence. The protein expression of Caspase 3, p-STAT3, Bcl-2, Bax and P-gp in tumor tissues tumor and colon tissues were tested by using immunohistochemical assay. Results: FLCWK and 5-FU coadministration suppressed HT-29 cell viability and induced S phase arrest and apoptosis compared to treatment with 5-FU alone. Furthermore, compared to treatment with 5-FU alone, coadministration of FLCWK and 5-FU obviously reduced tumor volume and weight and induced apoptosis through decreasing p-STAT3 and P-gp and increasing Caspase 3 protein expression in a murine xenograft tumor model. Moreover, the result revealed decreased number and size of tumors following FLCWK protective administration, downregulated p-STAT3 and Bcl-2 levels and upregulated Bax and Caspase 3 expression in mice with CACC. Conclusions: FLCWK has synergistic effects with 5-FU on colorectal cancer by suppressing the STAT3 pathway and downregulating P-gp expression. Furthermore, FLCWK administration suppresses CACC tumorigenesis by inhibiting the STAT3 pathway.


The study of children's spontaneous representations about people's experiences is important due to the need to develop their emotional sphere, communication; the development of appropriate diagnostic techniques for preschoolers remains relevant. The article discusses the concepts of "perezhivanie", "representations", including emotional ones. Studies of "emotional intelligence" are mentioned, one of the components of which is the understanding of human emotions. A brief description of the methods for assessing the understanding of human emotions by preschoolers is given. The results of a survey on the pictures of 172 children of the 6th year of life, obtained according to the author's methodology in different years (2002-2019), which are compared with each other using methods of mathematical statistics: children in general correctly determine the content of emotional experiences of people (depicted in the pictures), guided by poses, gestures, etc., sometimes indicating by what signs did they understand this. A number of diagnostic materials are published for the first time.


The energy mobilization preparation is the important foundation to ensure effective mobilization during the wartime and an emergency.By analyzing the composition of preparation mechanism of energy mobilization,this paper divides it into four parts:organization mechanism,security mechanism of the capabilities,input mechanism,supervision mechanism,and discusses about the measures and means by which the organic coordination of capital input,uses of funds and financial supervision can be realized.


aimed at increasing the efficiency of the export potential of PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih". Based on the expected forecast of demand for metallurgical products in different regions of the world, the promising direction of the export potential of AMKR - the Chinese market.


Is common knowledge that the environment has been suffering since fossil fuels started being burned to produce energy. According to professionals in the field, biomass gasification is a sustainable process which depending on the used route can produce hydrogen, that can be further used to generate electricity, biofuels, ammonium, and other products with high interest on the chemical field. A reactor operation conditions analysis was made, for a pine wood feed and a side water stream, with small amounts of oxygen, using the software Honeywell UniSim. The simulation focused on the kinetics of the reactions between pyrolisis products and water. It was evaluated specially the influence of the temperature, the amount of water, the residence time and the oxygen concentration added to the reactor. Reactors operating at higher temperatures (900 oC) presented better results, when it comes to hydrogen production. Higher water flows (50% excess) also favour the hydrogen production, increasing the biomass conversion into this product. Concerning the residence time, there is a conflict between the biomass into hydrogen conversion increase and the decrease of production, when operating at higher residence times.The last study verified that, in adiabatic operating reactors is interesting the insertion of small amounts of oxygen (5% in molar basis) in the water stream feed. The addition of this reactant leads to exothermic reactions, which elevate the reactor´s temperature, increasing the biomass conversion into hydrogen. On the other hand, oxygen addition to reactants increases the production of carbon dioxide, an undesired product


The intent of this research is to present an investigation into whether spatial relationships in China's airports are primarily characterised by competition or complementarity; accordingly, this is approached from the perspectives of passenger and cargo traffic. This research also focused on two issues: The first is the spatial Durbin model (SDM), which is used to judge the competition or complementarity among airports with spatial dependence as an indicator. Second, considering that airport activities may be affected by neighbouring cities due to the externality of economic development, the spillover effects of different geo-economic factors at the city level are calculated. Through the utilisation of a spatial Durbin model and yearly airport traffic data for 34 Chinese airports between 2007 and 2019, it was found that the nature of spatial relationships tends to differ regarding passengers and cargo traffic. Concerning passenger traffic, airports in China are mainly characterised by complementarity and are competitive regarding cargo traffic. This study also indicates that the geo-economic factors of central cities (Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou) can affect the spatial relationship between China's airports. China's airports are more dependent on the economic development of central cities, and therefore more dependent on the traffic replenishment at China's hub airports. In addition, the validity of the asymmetrical economic weight matrix illustrates that after controlling the exogenous interaction effects between the independent variables and dependent variables, the difference of regional economic development and airport traffic does lead to endogenous interaction effects among China's airports.


PURPOSE: A display driving integrated circuit is provided to produce a lower gray driving data without a new function block by performing the scale-down of image data. CONSTITUTION: In a display driving integrated circuit, a counter(540) produces a count signal according to a size of a display panel. A divider(570) outputs quotient and remainder from division of the counter signal by it. An adder(580) produces an RX frame - address signal(S3) by summing the frame index with the quotient. An RXA generator(550) produces the RX address in response to the RX frame-address signal. The RX address has storing location of the image corresponding to the count signal. An TXA generator(560) creates the TX address corresponding to a count, and a memory(510) outputs the image data corresponded to the RX address among stored image data. The data buffer block(520) processes the image data outputted in response to a rest from the memory and buffers it. A column port(530) delivers produces an analog signal corresponding to the buffered image data outputted from data buffer block and transmits the generated analog data to the pixel corresponding to the TX address.


This article examines the way that "sanist" attitudes (attitudes driven by the same kind of irrational, unconscious and bias–driven stereotypes exhibited in racist and sexist decisionmaking) lead to "pretextual" decisions (in which dishonest testimony is either explicitly or implicitly accepted) in mental disability law jurisprudence. In conjunction with these sanist ends, social science data is teleologically employed by legal decisionmakers, so that it is privileged when it supports a conclusion that the fact-finder wishes to reach but subordinated when it questions such a conclusion. The article examines recent Supreme Court cases in an effort to determine the extent of domination of such sanist behavior, and concludes by offering several prescriptions to scholars and policymakers so as to best avoid sanism's pernicious power.


The recycling partial-discard (RPD) strategy was developed to improve the performance of simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography in partial-discard (PD) strategy by a simulation study. In the RPD operation, each discarded product portion of extract and raffinate is recycled as part of the feed. This strategy was applied to a binary mixture with a nonlinear isotherm in a four-zone SMB with two columns per zone. The two additional operating variables, recycle length (RL) and recycle flowrate (RF), were suggested for the RPD strategy in order to determine the time duration and flowrate of the recycle feed. Compared to those of the PD operation, extract and raffinate with higher purities can be produced from the RPD operation. Simultaneously, the losses in the other performance parameters (recovery, productivity, and eluent consumption) stemming from the PD operation could be favorably reduced by controlling the recycle length and recycle ratio in the RPD operation. The two variables, RL and RF, in the RPD ...


The GIS-EEDB (the Expert Earthquake Database) and GIS-ENDDB (the Earth's Natural Disasters DataBase) geoinformation systems implement methods for spatial-temporal analysis of both classical and new characteristics of the seismogeodynamic process. One of the new characteristics is a normalized creepex parameter that can be used in the statistical approach to studying of seismicity to assess a relative contribution of "soft" (creep) and "hard" (explosion) movements to the overall process of focal radiation. In this paper, the following modifications of the creepex parameter are proposed and compared: 1) Cr0 Cr0_world and CrN CrN world as the result of reducing the parameters Cr0 and CrN of each event to the world average values of the creepex, obtained from the polynomial dependence of Cri_world (i = 0, N) on MS_world where Cri_world are calculated based on the world average estimates of Ms_world and mb_world at uniform intervals of the seismic moment (NEIC catalog), 2) Cr_bji as the result of reducing CrN of each event to CrN_bji i.e. to the average for the studied in this work BJI catalog creepex values obtained from the polygonal trend CrN (MS) of all the catalog events. The advantage of using the creepex parameter, reduced to the trend of averaging the magnitudes of the catalog in question, is revealed, since the smallest linear dependence of the creepex on the magnitude is achieved (in comparison with the classical and normalized creepex) and the symmetry in the maximum amplitude of the deviation of the parameter relative to zero is preserved. Examples of the application of the compared parameters in specific seismic-geodynamic studies of aftershock processes of the Molucca and Simushir earthquakes also demonstrate the advantage of the parameter Cr_bji n the observed correspondence of the variations of the latter to the known physical processes in the focal zone of the Kashmir event, studied by the seismic-geodynamic methods of the GIS-EEDB geographical information system.


The study examined the effect of financial reporting quality on financial performance of quoted banks in Nigeria using secondary data obtained from Nigeria stock exchange spanning from 2007 to 2016. Relevance of accounting information (measured by earnings and book value of equity predictive ability-EBVEP) and timeliness of accounting information (measured by audit report lag-ARL) were subjected to Hausman test and also regressed against performance variable: Price to earnings ratio -PER, Earnings yield -ENY and Dividend yield –DVY. Findings indicate a significant positive effect of EBVEP on PER and significant negative effects on ENY and DVY implying that an increase in EBVEP increases PER but decreases ENY and DVY. Similarly, a positive significant effect of ARL is found on PER and DVY but with a negative insignificant effect on ENY, implying that an increase in ARL increases PER and DVY but decreases ENY. The study therefore confirms that accounting information is value relevant and could be used for evaluation of accounting standards as well as for the investigation of the economic consequences of new accounting standards on the performance of quoted banks in Nigeria. We recommend that policy makers such as SEC, CBN, and FRCN should look into the audit report lag of quoted financial institutions in Nigeria and formulate policies to enforce compliance with the stipulated reporting requirements. This will assist in restoring investors' confidence in financial reporting. KEYWORDS: Financial reporting quality, Relevance, Timeliness, Financial Performance, Price/ earnings ratio, Earnings yield, Dividend yield, Nigerian Banks. DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-9-08 Publication date :May 31 st 2019


Two reliable and economical Salen-palladium(II) complexes, N,N'-bis(4-methoxy-salicylidene)propane1,2-diaminepalladium (II) (M ), and N,N'-bis(4-methyl-alpha-salicylidene)propane-1,2-diaminepalladium(II) SB-1 (M ) have been successfully synthesized via complexation reaction between Schiff base ligands (L and SB-2 SB-1 L ) with palladium(II) acetate, respectively. The synthesized compounds were successfully characterized SB-2 using several types of analytical and spectroscopic methods such as CHN elemental analyses, FTIR spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Previously, most of researchers highlighted the used of metal phosphine complex as an efficient catalyst for carbon-carbon bond formation of Mizoroki-Heck reaction. However, due to the air, moisture-labile and the high cost of phosphine ligand compared to palladium metal itself, there is an urge in the search of alternative cheap and relatively stable phosphine-free catalysts that could offered comparable activity. The synthesized catalysts were introduced and subjected to the MizorokiHeck. The performances of catalytic activity were monitored by GC-FID at 3 hours reaction period. Preliminary results showed that the percentage conversion of 4-bromonitrobenene to the coupled products were 100% indicated that M and M can act ideal potential catalysts in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction. SB-1 SB-2


We report a systematic density functional theory investigation of adsorption of small Aun (n =1–6) clusters on ideal and defected MgO(100) single crystal surfaces and Mo(100) supported thin MgO(100) films. As a model defect, we consider a neutral surface oxygen vacancy (Fs). Optimal adsorption geometries and energies, cluster formation energies and cluster charges are discussed and compared in detail over four different substrates. For a given cluster size, the adsorption energy among these substrates increases in the order MgO, Fs/MgO, MgO/Mo and Fs/MgO/Mo. While cluster growth by association of atoms from gas phase is exothermic on all the substrates, cluster growth by diffusion and aggregation of pre-adsorbed Au atoms is an endothermic process for Au1→Au2, Au3→Au4 and Au5→Au6 on MgO/Mo and Au2→Au3 and Au5→Au6 on Fs/MgO/Mo. The adsorbed clusters are close to neutral on MgO, but adopt a significant anionic charge on other supports with the increasing order: MgO/Mo, Fs/MgO and Fs/MgO/Mo. The adsorption strength thus correlates with the amount of negative charge transferred from the substrate to gold.


Background: Primary and metastatic malignant melanoma can simulate various soft tissue tumors, including dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP). Expression of CD34, a marker characteristic of DFSP, as well as other spindle cell tumors, has not been previously documented in malignant melanoma.


This paper examines an alternative approach to interest rate modeling, in which the nonlinear and random behavior of interest rates is captured by a stochastic differential equation evolving on a curved state space. We consider as candidate state spaces the matrix Lie groups; these offer not only a rich geometric structure, but—unlike general Riemannian manifolds—also allow for diffusion processes to be constructed easily without invoking the machinery of stochastic calculus on manifolds. After formulating bilinear stochastic differential equations on general matrix Lie groups, we then consider interest rate models in which the short rate is defined as linear or quadratic functions of the state. Stochastic volatility is also augmented to these models in a way that respects the Riemannian manifold structure of symmetric positive-definite matrices. Methods for numerical integration, parameter identification, pricing, and other practical issues are addressed through examples.


Oral fluency is an essential skill in the student, perhaps not in his daily life but in his classroom and sometimes society, the problem approach in the development of English fluency skills Through methodologies of development based on techniques and methodological strategies in the students of the first, second and third year of Baccalaureate of the /Humberto Mata Martinez/ Municipal High School, Quito period 2015 2016. For which it has been evaluated by means of a survey to 180 students and 20 teachers. In addition, it is explained that the research was quantitative, exploratory and descriptive, allowing the use of analytical, inductive, descriptive, statistical and hermeneutical methods, the importance of this research is to know that there is a good level of oral fluency in Students who have been investigated, but will need to reinforce in some aspects such as dynamic classes, student participation and of course development methodologies, with the purpose of improving the quality of English and achieving the educational excellence that the country needs.


The rates of solvolysis of 3-nortricyclyl p-bromobenzenesulfonate (nortricyclyl brosylate) have been determined (at 25.0) in the solvents acetic acid, methanol, and acetic acid and methanol with various small amounts of added water. First order rate constants v/ere obtained by u.vabsorbance, conductometric and titrimetric techniques. All rate constants obtained, with the exception of the titrimetric data, were fairly reproducible and agreed with the previously reported data (where available). Numerical values of m from the Winstein equation: log k/k = mY were calculated from experimental data for solvolysis reactions of nortricyclyl brosylate in each of the solvent sets. These m values fell in a range of 0.40-0.69. U.V. absorbance and conductometric data were employed in m value calculations. Results of titrimetric method were inconsistent and were disregarded. Calculated values of m were in the expected range for a secondary substrate. A range of m values was observed depending on solvent and analytical technique employed. The range of m values suggested that less attention should be focused on absolute value of m and greater attention should be directed to the linear correlation fit of log k vs_. Y plot (used to determine m ) . Correlation coefficient data are presented which substantiate this conclusion. The rates of solvolyses of exo-(cis) and endo( trans )-3-chloroexo-5-norborn-5-yl-2,4-dinitrobenzene thioether in acetic acid were also studied using conductometric analytical techniques. The experimentally observed rate constant of the endo-(trans) compound was higher than that of the exo(cis) compound. These rates determined by others in 70% aqueous dioxane show the cis compound to be more reactive than the trans. It is assumed that these latter results are the "normal" results and that the results In acetic acid indicate that this solvent is a poor one for determination of stereochemical structure. A rationalization for the reactivity ratio reversal in acetic acid is advanced.


This paper aims to explore the relationships between different artistic forms – literature, cinema, plastic arts and design – investigating the operation of the bonding techniques (originating end of the plastic arts) and assembly (fi  lm technique) and how they were implemented in literature. To this end, we as an object of analysis the novels of the writer amazon Marcio Souza Galvez imperador do Acre (1983) and A resistivel ascensao do Boto Tucuxi ([1977] 1982).


The main focus of the Marketing Group of the The Resource Center for Learning and Research (CRAI) of the University of Barcelona (UB) is to promote the services and resources of our libraries and units and to improve the use of the Digital Library. In this conference poster, the group explains how they work and show some samples of products used in different marketing campaigns.


Dear Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict Readers: Welcome to Volume 11, Issue 3 of DAC! We have seven powerful articles to share with you in this Issue, ranging from Hayden Smith's analysis of Iran's Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei to Sanjin Ulezic's treatment of Northern Ireland conflict and hoax devices. While they are varied in style, from authors with distinct academic training, and cover a range of issues, the commonality across them is that they are all focused on the dynamics of asymmetric conflict. Moreover, in their own unique way, each addresses a specific tactic or strategy underlying conflict among actors with different levels of power. In a provocative article, Gary Uzonyi analyzes why States differ in their level of support for regimes committing genocide. Positing that third-parties are likely to support their allies – despite atrocities they commit – during times of civil war. Using a longitudinal dataset, he also found that these nation states were no less likely to support murderous regimes in the post-Cold War era. In addition to examining the asymmetry of power, this Issue addresses the dynamics or interplay that occur before, during, or after such conflict. For example, Michael Egnoto, Darrin Griffin, and Fei Qiao use intergroup threat theory to analyze social media and public messages directly following an active school shooter. Examining the intergroup dynamics and threat, the authors found that the seemingly more powerful mass media used less reassurance and information-seeking language than individuals on social media in the aftermath of such a threat. In addition to illustrating the scope of the Dynamics of Asymmetric Conflict Journal beautifully through a diverse array of conflicts and group dynamics, Volume 11 Issue three manuscripts use a host of analytic techniques and datasets to provide empirical support. This is particularly important as the study of terrorism as a field moves toward using data – both qualitative and quantitative – to address the critical issues of terrorism and genocide. For example, Tyler Welch uses a large corpus of English-based magazines from ISIS to analyze the shift in ISIS's operational focus from establishing a physical caliphate to inspiring attacks both locally and abroad. Using four case studies derived from well-known databases of open-source perpetrators of terrorism, authors Thomas Holt, Joshua Freilich, Steven Chermak, and Gary LaFree examined two Far Right and two Salafist-Inspired perpetrators to examine two criminological theories. One of the benefits of this in-depth approach is that they were able to combine two related but distinct theoretical approaches (social control and social learning) to examine how their integration could contribute to explaining radicalization as a whole. Finally, given the applied focus of this journal, we include a practitioner-focused manuscript from Daniel Milton and Arie Perliger about how nations cooperate to execute Counter-Terrorism (CT) policies. They used an innovative dataset of CT campaigns from 1970 to 2007, and their results showed what factors contribute to when DYNAMICS OF ASYMMETRIC CONFLICT 2018, VOL. 11, NO. 3, 123–124 https://doi.org/10.1080/17467586.2018.1519955


EDITOR,—Simon Capewell describes the diverse and numerous factors associated with the continuing rise in emergency admissions.1 He fails, however, to mention one of the most important underlying reasons why general practitioners may have a lower threshold than previously for admitting …


Power grid resilience, reliability, and sustainability can be improved significantly by decomposing the large grids into networked microgrids (NMGs). However, the optimal energy management problem and preserving the security in NMGs are more complicated and challenging. This paper aims to propose a secured stochastic energy management framework for NMGs based on the modified blockchain approach, utilizing the directed acyclic graph (DAG). Using the decentralized and transparent blockchain technology will help to have higher security and lower risks within the network, thus eliminating the financial fraud and cutting down the total operational cost. In order to address the issues arising in the traditional blockchain models, mainly due to the storage and high complexities of hash address calculations, this paper proposes a new modified blockchain technology based on the DAG method. Also, a novel data restoration technique is developed to provide a way to restore the data with appropriate accuracy. The unscented transform (UT) approach is employed to model the uncertainties of forecast error in hourly load demand, solar power output, and wind turbines power output. Finally, the proposed model is tested on an NMG system with four MGs, including two residential MGs (as the noncrucial loads), a commercial MG (as the intermediate level loads), and a hospital MG (as the crucial loads).


Oxidative weathering of sedimentary rocks plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Rhenium (Re) has been proposed as a tracer of rock organic carbon (OCpetro) oxidation. However, the sources of Re and its mobilization by hydrological processes remain poorly constrained. Here, we examine dissolved Re as a function of water discharge, using samples collected from three alpine catchments that drain sedimentary rocks in Switzerland (Erlenbach and Vogelbach) and Colorado, USA (East River). The Swiss catchments reveal a higher dissolved Re flux in the catchment with higher erosion rates, but have similar [Re]/[Na+] and [Re]/[SO42−] ratios, which indicate a dominance of Re from OCpetro. Despite differences in rock type and hydro‐climatic setting, the three catchments have a positive correlation between river water [Re]/[Na+] and [Re]/[SO42−] and water discharge. We propose that this reflects preferential routing of Re from a near‐surface, oxidative weathering zone. The observations support the use of Re as a proxy to trace rock‐organic carbon oxidation, and suggest it may be a hydrological tracer of vadose zone processes. We apply the Re proxy and estimate CO2 release by OCpetro oxidation of 5.7 +6.6/−2.0 tC km−2 yr−1 for the Erlenbach. The overall weathering intensity was ∼40%, meaning that the corresponding export of unweathered OCpetro in river sediments is large, and the findings call for more measurements of OCpetro oxidation in mountains and rivers as they cross floodplains.


The No.2 unit of Shanmei Hydropower Station had ever seen the generator terminal PT secondary loop break led to action of forced and over excitation,action of generator relay protection and emergency shutdown of unit.The author analyzed the causes and put forward solution measures.


The thermal decomposition of layered double hydroxides (LDH) influences the preparation of composite oxides by calcination of LDH precursors. The thermal decomposition of LDH with different Mg/Al ratios was measured using thermalgravimetric analysis and differential temperature analysis. The kinetic data for the thermal decomposition was also calculated. The initial Mg2Al-LDH and the calcination products at various temperatures were characterized by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The results show the evolution of carbonates in the interlayer between 250 ℃ and 700 ℃, with the main evolution at 330~400 ℃. New materials were produced by decarbonation and dehydroxylation of OH bound with the sheet. The LDH decomposed to mixed oxides upon heating to 500~700 ℃.


All hydraulic mining is done on the retreat. Coal cutting is done with a hydraulic monitor. The monitor shoots a stream of water at pressures up to 1570 to 1710 pounds per square inch (110 to 120 kilograms per square centimeter). The water is pumped to the face from the surface, where the initial pressure is 2300 pounds per square inch (1617 kilograms per square centimeter). Water travels first through 10-inch (250 millimeter) pipes and then through 8-inch (200-millimeter) pipes to the face. The nozzle on the monitor is 1.52 inches (38 millimeters) wide. About 85 percent of all water in the hydraulic operation is recovered for reuse. Some 2000 gallons of water per minute emerges from the monitor nozzle during coal cutting. A monitor cuts a block of coal 50 feet (15 meters) thick, 85 feet (26 meters) wide, and 40 feet (12 meters) long. After each 40-foot cut, the monitor is moved 40 feet back toward the mouth of the sub-level for another cut. There are three sub-levels with monitors set up for operation. Only one monitor is used per shift. Another is usually being moved and the third is a stand-by unit in case of a mechanicalmore » or other failure at the monitor in use. The monitor is remotely controlled by one operator. Two hydraulic jacks mounted on the monitor are used for vertical and horizontal movement.« less


Mercury is a highly toxic metal which induces oxidative stress in the body. The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves extract (NLE) as an antioxidant to protect against mercury-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. Fourty male albino Sprague Dawley rats were classified into four groups, Control group received distilled water. Mercury-treated group was administrated 2 mg/ Kg b.wt., mercuric chloride (HgCl2). Mercury and NLE-treated group was treated with 200 mg/Kg b.wt of NLE simultaneously with the same dose of HgCl2. NLE-treated group was given NLE only with the same dose. The daily treatments were administered orally for 30 days. Hepatotoxicity was assessed by increased tissue malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) concentrations, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin concentrations, serum activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase; (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes and decreased hepatic content of reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, vitamin E and serum albumin concentration. Moreover, the histopathological changes revealed destruction of the normal hepatic architecture and severe pathological alterations post HgCl2 treatment. Carbohydrates, DNA and proteins contents were decreased in the liver tissue. The ultrastructural alterations were represented by degenerative features which covered all the hepatic cells and their cytoplasm contained extensive necrotic areas. Many lipid droplets dispersed within the hepatic cells in addition to the disintegration of most cellular contents. On the other hand, treatment of rats with NLE reversed all these biochemical indices, histopathological, histochemical and ultrastructural alterations. The levels of various serum and tissue parameters for organ toxicity after neem treatment at the dose of 200 mg/kg.b.wt. remained more or less close to the normal values suggesting no significant adverse effects of NLE. The present results implicate that mercury-induced oxidative damage in hepatic tissues was improved by neem leaves extract, with its antioxidant effects. (Journal of American Science 2010; 6(9):735-751). (ISSN: 1545-1003).


In this paper we establish the global existence of strong solutions to the
three-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations in a bounded domain with small initial
data. Moreover, we study the low Mach number limit to the corresponding problem.


The creep strength of welded joints in high Cr steels decreases due to the formation of Type IV creep damage in heat-affected zones (HAZs) during long-term use at high temperatures. This paper aims to elucidate the processes and mechanisms of Type IV creep damage using Mod.9Cr-lMo (ASME Grade 91) steel weldments. Long-term creep tests for base metal, simulated fine-grained HAZ, and welded joints were conducted at 550 °C, 600°C, and 650°C. Furthermore, creep tests of thick welded joint specimens were interrupted at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 0.8, and 0.9 of rupture life and damage distributions were measured quantitatively. It was found that creep voids were initiated at an early stage of life inside the specimen thickness and coalesced to form cracks at a later stage of life. Creep damage was observed mostly at 25% below the surface of the plate. Experimental creep damage distributions were compared with computed versions using finite element method and damage mechanics analysis. Both multi-axial stress state and strain concentration in fine-grained HAZ appear to influence the formation and distribution of creep voids.


Article is dedicated to the analysis of the possible actions of the cancelling effects of the lift of birth rate in the Republic of Buryatia in 2000 years.


On 29 August 2005, the Belgian Competition Authority cleared the acquisition of a group of companies - whose identities were kept confidential - by Distripar, a company with interests in the…


In this study, the authors stress the problem of sampling and recovering sparse wideband signals. A new methodology for sparse multiband signal acquisition using sinusoidal frequency modulation (SMF) multiplier-based modulated wideband converter (MWC) is presented. The harmonic property of the SMF signals enables sparse multiband signal to be precisely recovered from the sub-Nyquist measurements without any high-speed devices. The proposed architecture offers very close recovery accuracy to the existing pseudorandom binary sequences (PRBS)-based MWC in the absence of the prior knowledge of sparse wideband signals, while it provides more accurate recovery performance than the PRBS-MWC in the presence of prior information concerning sparsity. Besides, the proposed architecture is easier for hardware implementation than the PRBS-MWC. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


We report on the recent results of searches for lepton-flavor-violating tau decays as well as lepton-number-violating B decays with the world-highest data samples accumulated at the Belle.


The red scale, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.), was first noted in California in 1877. Two years later, introduction of
 its natural enemies was first suggested, and since 1891 nearly all the citrus-growing
 regions of the world have been searched for parasites or predators that would control
 it. At various times and in various countries claims have been made that parasites
 or predators or a combination of the two controlled red scale. True, there are countries,
 particularly China, where red scale seldom injures citrus seriously, or even rarely
 infests this host. This has been attributed sometimes to one, sometimes to another,
 or to a combination, of its insect enemies; but the evidence is not sufficiently convincing
 that its innocuousness in such regions is due solely to these enemies. All the factors
 need to be weighed, especially host-plant relations of red scale, which are complex
 and often contradictory from one country to another. The red scale is not a serious
 citrus pest in Florida, where insect enemies are not considered to be a factor, except
 by the most partisan adherents of biological control.
 All or nearly all of the insects claimed to control red scale anywhere have been imported
 into California, and some of them have become established; yet the red scale continues
 to rate as the most important scale pest of citrus in this state. In some seasons
 and in some limited areas a high percentage of the scales may be destroyed by parasites
 or predators, but at least up to 1948 the growers usually found it necessary to resume
 chemical means of control to protect the fruits and save the trees from injury. It
 is too early to appraise the results of some work done since 1948.
 Red scale was known as a pest of citrus in Australia much earlier than in California,
 and it may have been in South Africa even by 1857. It is a serious citrus pest in
 both countries, and attempts to find a biological control for it have followed a course
 similar to that in California. The consensus of Australian workers is that the scale
 is not controlled by its insect enemies there. Recently, on the other hand, South
 African workers have claimed that it is controlled in that country by a combination
 of parasites and predators if chemical control is omitted.
 In the long search for enemies of red scale, much effort has been wasted because of
 inadequate systematics. Up to 1937 a misleading classification of red scale and a
 failure to find any structural difference between it and two of its close relatives
 caused confusion. Further confusion and repetitious effort has been caused by similar
 trouble in the systematics of its insect enemies.
 In assaying the chances of finding a natural enemy to control red scale in citrus
 groves, it must be borne in mind that horticultural varieties of citrus differ radically
 from the original wild species and are grown commercially under conditions different
 from the humid tropics where the wild species are native.


We consider the problem of state-observation and control for a bi-tethered aerial system composed by a physical chain of two underactuated aerial robots, also called UAVs. The controlled outputs are the Cartesian position of the last robot and the internal forces along the links. We aim at a minimal use of sensors in order to retrieve the full state. For this goal we propose an output transformation method whose applicability implies the system observability. When this is the case we prove that it is possible to design a nonlinear state estimator based on the high gain- and Luenberger- observers that is able to retrieve the state from any dynamic condition. We also demonstrate how this estimator can be employed with a nonlinear controller for the Cartesian position and the link stresses while ensuring the stability in closed-loop. We show the validity of the method for sensorial configurations composed only by two accelerometers (no gyros) and just two encoders, or two accelerometers (no gyros) and just two inclinometers. A realistic simulative validation concludes the paper.


How can we experience and mobilize the spirituality of Rudolf Laban's praxis in the turn of the twenty-first century – in such a way that it makes sense to local (Brazilian) and global concerns of ecological being, neurodiversity and performative living? The intent is not to return to the modernist ideas Laban launched in the first half of the twentieth century, but to consider the twenty-first-century's scholarship that is actualized in the practice and research of contemporary practitioners as an understanding of Laban in an expanded field. We consider that Laban in the twenty-first century is directly dependent on the individual embodiment and subjectivation of movement principles that merge a cross-cultural, somatic, theatrical and pedagogical practice. Following such thinking, in this article we aim to, through an extensive practice research of three practitioners, discuss the ways in which, in our practices of Somatics and environmental performance, we have been articulating the spirituality of Laban's praxis within a contemporary and decolonial context.


This section aims to inspire therapists to engage with clay in the therapeutic process. It provides precise sequences for working in a deeply engaging manner in a range of commonly presenting issues of therapy.


The large epitaxial stress induced by the misfit between a triple atomic layer Fe film and an Ir(111) substrate is relieved by the formation of a dense dislocation line network. Spin-polarized scanning tunneling microscopy investigations show that the strain is locally varying within the Fe film and that this variation affects the magnetic state of the system. Two types of dislocation line regions can be distinguished and both exhibit spin spirals with strain-dependent periods (ranging from 3 to $10\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$. Using a simple micromagnetic model, we attribute the changes of the period of the spin spirals to variations of the effective exchange coupling in the magnetic film. This assumption is supported by the observed dependence of the saturation magnetic field on the period of the zero-field spin spiral. Moreover, magnetic skyrmions appear in an external magnetic field only in one type of dislocation line area, which we impute to the different pinning properties of the dislocation lines.


The synthesis of a diverse array of 2,2-disubstituted azaindolines is reported. The bicyclic core is built by a simple acidic treatment of conveniently substituted aminopyridines.


The traditional software defects prediction methods just evaluate the software defects based the unweighted undirected network, which do not reflect the real complex software system. Therefore, this paper proposes a software security defects prediction method based on the complex network. This method improves the PageRank algorithm and develops a KeyNodeRank algorithm based on the complex network. In this method, the software system is divided into different classes and these classes constitute a weighted directed network. In addition, the KeyNodeRank algorithm evaluates and ranks the importance of class nodes in the global network. In order to examine the validity of the software defects prediction method, this paper carries out an experiment. It is found that this method not only is accurate to predict and locate software defects and but also is very significant for improving software quality and maintaining software.


Objective: To explore the clinical effects of treatment intertrochanteric fracture for the old people by MIDHS and CDHS.Methods: A retrospective analysis of 36 the old people who with intertrochanteric fracture in our hospital from Jan.2010 to Jun.2011 were divided into 2 groups according to the ways of treatment.The clinical effects and oral cavity function were compared between the two groups.Results: The wound incision(t=12.824,P0.05),blood loss(t=9.342,P0.05),surgery time(t=6.209,P0.05)and hospital stay(t=7.923,P0.05)of two groups were statistical different significantly.The Harris hip scores(t=1.038,P0.05)and frequency of complication(X2=0.929,P0.05) for two groups HAD no statistical difference.The clinical effects for two groups(X2=4.213,P0.05)were statistical different significantly.Conclusion: The clinical effects for MIDHS are earlier and better than CDHS,it has great value in clinical application.


The present article considers the approaches of the contemporary scientists to metaphor research from the philosophic-cognitive point of view. In contrast to the traditional definition of this trope, the latest metaphor theories by the outstanding philosophers, their distinctive features and significance for science are described and analyzed in this article. Each approach is accompanied with unique examples of the stylistic device in question taken from the works of modern English literature.


AbstractAmino acids, cysteine and phenylalanine were conjugated with bile acids, cholic and deoxycholic acid to prepare cysteinocholic acid [N- (3α, 7α, 12α - trihydroxy - 24 - oxocholan - 24 - y1) cysteine], phenylalanocholic acid [N - (3α, 7α, 12α - trihydroxy- 24-oxocholan-24-y1) phenylalanine], cysteinodeoxycholic acid [N- (3α, 12α-dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-y1) cystiene] and phenylalanodeoxycholic acid [N- (3α, 12α -dihydroxy-24-oxocholan-24-y1) phenylalanine]. Subsequently, they were converted into their sodium salt. These compounds were evaluated for their surfactant properties mainly solubilization and dissolution enhancing properties. The drugs selected or this study were poorly water soluble non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin and phenylbutazone. All the biosurfactants enhanced the solubility and dissolution of both the drugs.


This study concerned with Code Switching used in Breakout Net TV. This research was conducted by using qualitative method. It focuses on the usage of code switching in breakout. The data of this study were the utterances of the presenters in the music program namely; Boy William and Sherryl Shenafia. The utterances which contain code switching were identified and analyzed. The findings show that there are three types of code switching uttered in Breakout, namely: Conversational switching are 94 utterances (65%), metaphorical switching are 26 utterances (18%), and situational switching are 24 utterances (17%). It means conversational switching is the type of code switching uttered dominantly by the presenters. Conversational switching as the dominant type of code switching uttered in the program shows that the presenters who spent most of their life time for living, study abroad, tend to use conversational switching as their way of speaking for showing the prestige.