Following the Government's deregulation policy in the 1990s and with the current improvement in the road network, road transport has increased significantly in Uganda. The vehicle fleet (around 123,000 vehicles in 1999) is essentially made up of passenger vehicles (90%) of which more than two thirds are cars and utility vehicles. Mini-buses and conventional buses represent 14% and less than 1% of the total fleet but account for 50% of fatal accidents, especially in Kampala where half of the traffic vehicle kilometer is concentrated. The leading cause of accident, according to the Ministry of Transport is poor driver behavior due to low level of safety awareness and lack of standards for assessing new and existing driver competence. This paper explains the processes involved in developing options for improving driver training and vehicle safety through participatory learning and enforcement of operational standards. It also examines the role of European transport companies in providing much needed technical and financial support for the Uganda government to improve operational standards in the transport sector, while at the same time meet the social objectives (i.e. reduced accidents and improved service delivery) of civil society RESUME : Apres la politique de dereglementation du Gouvernement dans les annees 1990 et avec l'amelioration actuelle du reseau routier, le transport routier a augmente de maniere significative en Ouganda. La flotte de vehicules (environ 123 000 vehicules en 1999) est essentiellement composee de vehicules de voyageurs (90 %) dont plus de deux tiers sont des voitures et des vehicules utilitaires. Les minibus et des bus conventionnels representent 14 % et moins de 1 % de la flotte totale, mais 50 % des accidents mortels, particulierement a Kampala ou la moitie du trafic en termes de vehicule par kilometre est concentree. La cause principale des accidents, selon le Ministere des Transports, est le comportement du pietre conducteur du au faible niveau de conscience en matiere de securite et au manque de normes pour evaluer les nouvelles competences du conducteur et les competences existantes. La communication explique les processus impliques dans des options se developpant pour ameliorer la formation des conducteurs et la securite des vehicules par un apprentissage participatif et l'application de normes operationnelles. Il examine egalement le role de societes europeennes de transport qui fournissent le soutien technique et financier necessaire au gouvernement de l'Ouganda pour ameliorer les normes operationnelles dans le secteur du transport, tout en satisfaisant les objectifs sociaux (c'est-a-dire moins d'accidents et prestation de service amelioree) de la societe civile. the traffic in vehicle kilometers concentrated within the Kampala and the central regions. (1) 1.1 Regulating Transport Operations in Uganda The Ministry of Works, Housing and Communications (MOWHC) is responsible for policy development as well as the licensing and regulation of all transport activities in Uganda. MOWHC performs this function through an independent Transport Licensing Board (TLB) whose main function is to regulate and control the operation of passenger and freight transport in Uganda. The TLB normally issue the appropriate licenses after an appraisal of the safety and roadworthiness of the vehicles as well as the ability of operators to meet agreed standards. The MOWHC performs its function under two Directorates viz. Transport and Communications and Engineering. Research by the UK Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) revealed that in the 10 years following deregulation, the Directorate of Transport had had insufficient financial and human resources to address its key activities. For example, the MOWHC employs about 1,620 staff 80% of these are assigned to the Engineering Directorate while only 4 % are responsible for policy and regulation. Moreover in the period 1991 1998 only 1.5% of the total development budget was allocated to activities relating to policy and regulation. This according to the TRL was partly responsible for a relative backlog in institutional capacity building for planning, regulating and monitoring of road transport services in the country. This has resulted in a situation wherein the growth in vehicle ownership/operation has not been matched by the corresponding improvement in the capacity of the MOWHC to provide adequate regulatory and safety control mechanisms. 2 THE EFFECT OF ROAD TRAFFIC GROWTH The rapid growth in vehicle ownership and the demand for road space especially in Kampala, have seen an increase in traffic congestion with the associated problems of pollution, visual intrusion and accidents involving mostly pedestrians and cyclists. Moreover, Uganda relies heavily on road transport for 90% of passenger and freight movement within and outside the country. The lack of investment in transport regulation and the subsequent decline in operating standards have resulted in a corresponding increase in road accident during the last 10 years. For example, in January 2003, the Police Chief in charge of traffic in Kampala reported that at least 312 people were killed in 9,558 road accidents in the city in 2002. This figure according to the police represented a 2% increase in road accidents. The figures for serious and slight injuries were 2,555 and 6,718 respectively. In the case of pedestrian, it was further reported that 2,387 pedestrians suffered injuries as result and of these, 278 were hit-and-run accidents. (2) 2.1 Estimating the cost of road accidents "Previous global or regional reviews of road deaths undertaken by TRL, the World Bank and others have acknowledged the problems associated with data reliability and under reporting". The lack of reliable data is seen as a major obstacle in accurately accessing the cost of road accidents in most African countries. The situation in Uganda is by no means different and one has to rely on the official estimates by the government. (3) With an accident rate of 160 fatalities per 10,000 vehicles, a TRL report in 2001 estimated that road accidents was costing the Ugandan economy approximately US$ 101 million per year which represents 2.3% of Gross National Product (GNP). One of the main causes of road accidents according to the report was poor driver behaviour due to lack of standards and the inability of the government to develop appropriate training mechanisms for new and existing drivers. Apart from the concern for loss of lives, a reasonable case can be made for reducing road accidents on economic and developmental grounds. Uganda like most developing countries has signed up to the United Nation's Millennium Development Goal with the aim of reducing poverty and promoting sustainable development. It could therefore be argued that road accident is a major cause of poverty due to loss income, damage to infrastructure and high cost of providing health care services for those affected. 3 IMPROVING DRIVER TRAINING STANDARDS AS A MEANS OF REDUCING ROAD ACCIDENTS In March 2002, TRL and Transaid facilitated a Transport Stakeholders Workshop in Kampala, Uganda to identify policy measures aimed at improving vehicle efficiency in Uganda. The UK's Department for International Development (DFID) funded the workshop as part of a Knowledge and Research (KaR) to improve urban transport in sub-


Schr\"odinger operators with potentials generated by primitive substitutions are simple models for one dimensional quasi-crystals. We review recent results on their spectral properties. These include in particular an algorithmically verifiable sufficient condition for their spectrum to be singular continuous and supported on a Cantor set of zero Lebesgue measure. Applications to specific examples are discussed.


White turi (Sesbania grandiflora L) is a plant that belongs to the Fabaceae family. White turi (Sesbania grandiflora L) contains many secondary metabolites including alkaloids, saponins, tannins, steroids, triterpenoids, phenolics and flavonoids (Nista et al., 2010). However, in the community the use of white turi (Sesbania grandiflora L) is used as an ornamental plant and white turi flowers (Sesbania grandiflora L) as food, white turi (Sesbania grandiflora L) also has other benefits, namely as an antioxidant. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of flavonoids and antioxidant activity of white turi (Sesbania grandiflora L) stems and leaves extracted using 95% ethanol as solvent.


In this article, we present and articulate the analytical lens of multisited design to illuminate transnational connections between sites of design, and aid in the translation of knowledge between designers and ethnographers. This position emerges from the authors' respective engagements in ethnographic research and design engagements with a slum community center in Bangkok, Thailand, and with "makers" and entrepreneurs in Shanghai and Shenzhen, China. In both cases, we found design to be a site of engagement with and interpretation of wider connections between different locales, and between local and global networks. We identify four crucial aspects of design for the purposes of this discussion: It is normative, concerned with function and the attainment of goals; it is practical, and oriented toward constraints and opportunities; it frames and defines problems concurrently with solving them; and it takes a systems approach that accounts for the broad context of the design situation. Approaching and participating in these aspects of design evolved in concert with our ethnographic fieldwork and analysis, allowing us to take design seriously without sacrificing an ethnographic commitment to nuanced description. We conclude by touching on the epistemological similarities, rather than conflicts, between ethnography and design.


This paper presents a NDT method by infrared thermography with a microwave excitation system applied to the detection of metallic parts: a metal ring behind a wooden plate of 1cm thick, a reinforcement bar in front of a concrete wall and the detection of reinforcement bars equally spaced in a concrete slab of 6.5 cm thick. The excitation device is based on a magnetron associated with a horn pyramidal antenna. A contrast algorithm applied to the sequences of thermograms highlights metal ring or bars location.


In this dissertation we focus on design and analysis of an integrated architecture for useful and efficient multihop wireless networks (MWNs). We first concentrate on development of on-demand medium access control (MAC) protocols for the network and cross layer optimizations to improve network performance using multiple beam antennas. We show the inherent inability of predominantly used MAC protocols to fully exploit the benefits of multiple beam antenna arrays and demonstrate the superiority of our protocols. We also present our receiver oriented MAC protocol to provide differentiated service classes on these antenna systems, the first successful attempt to achieve this goal. We next look at the security of communication over multihop wireless networks. In this section we also provide a highly scalable and completely distributed protocol to generate symmetric group communication keys. We then move on to queueing analysis of multihop wireless networks which cannot be quantified using classical queueing theory. We present our theory of Exclusive Access Queues (EAQs) and show how to apply them to MWNs. Finally, we present the design of the wireless device driver we implemented to run our protocols on wireless devices. We show the architecture best suited for the requirements of our protocols and the inter-operation between various driver entities.


I have traced a developmental line for the capacity for insight. The conclusions reached are based on psychoanalytic material gathered from treatment cases at the Hampstead Clinic over the past 25 years. I have elaborated on the relevance these conclusions have to techniques employed in the analysis of children.


Aeodes ulvoidea, a red seaweed of the Grateloupiaceae,
yielded a highly sulphated polysaccharide which was shown
to contain D- and L-galactose, 4-0-methy-L-galactose,
2-0-methyl - D- and L-galactose and 6-0-methyl-D-galactose,
together with chromatographic traces of xylose and mannose.
The sulphate was not labile to alkali, but it was largely
removed with methanolic hydrogen chloride. Periodate
oxidation of the polysaccharide, methylation of the de sulphated
polysaccharide, and investigation of fifteen oligosaccharides
from partial hydrolysis and acetolysis studies of the
polysaccharide, indicate that (a) the polysaccharide is
composed of a backbone of D-galactose residues which are
1,3- and 1,4-linked (b) at least some regions of alternating
structure do occur (c) the 2-0-methylgalactose is linked
through the 4-position (d) the 4-0-methyl-L-galactose is
present as single unit side chains glycosidically linked
to the galactose backbone at position 6, and (e) most of
the 6-0-methyl-D-galactose is linked to the 4-position of
2-0-methyl-D-galactose.


This paper discusses the slogan "Mondhuk Entar Ngabdi ben Ngaji" which is the slogan used by the caretaker of the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School K. H. R. Ach. Azaim Ibrahimy because he saw the changing times that threaten the morals of students. So he used this slogan to teach his students to always serve and recite the Koran. He also used this slogan to remind students of their intention to enter Islamic boarding schools, namely serving and reciting the Koran. In this study, researchers used semiotic analysis methods. Semiotics is a science that studies signs. Signs are the basis of the communication process. Signs will never be separated from the communication process. Because every time the communication process takes place either the communicator or the communicant will produce and interpret signs from each other. And the activities of producing and interpreting signs are called semiotics. The purpose of this study is to reveal the true meaning of the slogan "Mondhuk Entar Ngabdi ben Ngaji" for students. So that students can know its meaning and practice it. In addition, this study also aims to find the impact of the slogan on students. The result is that the meaning of the slogan "Mondhuk Entar Ngabdi ben Ngaji" for the students of the Salafiyah Syafi'iyah Islamic Boarding School is that the true intention of boarding for them is to serve and recite the Koran.


The density normalized mobilities μn at low electric field strengths in the low density gases fall in the order trans-2- > cis-2- > 1- > isobutene. The respective values in the saturated vapors at ...


Results are presented which show that bromureide was a factor in a significant percentage of admissions to two psychiatric hospitals and that since legislation was passed restricting its availability, bromureide has ceased to be a problem in this context.


Query clustering is a process used to discover frequently asked questions or most popular topics on a search engine. This process is crucial for search engines based on question-answering. Because of the short lengths of queries, approaches based on keywords are not suitable for query clustering. This paper describes a new query clustering method that makes use of user logs which allow us to identify the documents the users have selected for a query. The similarity between two queries may be deduced from the common documents the users selected for them. Our experiments show that a combination of both keywords and user logs is better than using either method alone.


Bio-inspired flying robots (BIFRs) are micro-air-vehicles that use biomimetic actuation (oscillatory flapping wing) for lift, propulsion, and control. The dynamic behavior of these bio-inspired systems is quite intricate to study as it is typically described by a multibody, multi-time-scale, nonlinear, time-varying dynamical system. However, this rich dynamics lead to unconventional stabilization mechanisms whose study essentially necessitates a mathematically rigorous analysis. Our recent efforts using differential geometric control theory revealed a vibrational stabilization mechanism induced on the body pitching due to the interaction between the fast wing flapping dynamics and the slow body dynamics. In this effort, we construct an experimental setup allowing for two degrees of freedom for the body; vertical motion and pitching motion. The objective is to experimentally verify and demonstrate the vibrational stabilization phenomenon in insect flight and its mimicking BIFRs.


This study determined the consumer behaviour and preference to cassava value added products in Ikwuano LGA of Abia State, Nigeria. Multi Stage random sampling technique was used in the selection of autonomous communities, villages and 100 respondents. Instrument of data collection was via a set of pre-tested and structured questionnaire. The result showed that a good proportion of the respondents were aware of the existence of cassava bread as one of the value added products of cassava. The logistic regression analysis showed that the critical variables that influenced the statistical preference for cassava bread include household size and educational level of the respondents, significant at 5.0% risk level. The research revealed that the coefficient of the income elasticity of demand for cassava value added product was 1.42; while that of the own price elasticity was 0.03. The cross price elasticity between cassava and maize flour was 0.98. Consumers were encouraged to consume more of cassava value added products as they are cheap, available, affordable and very good sources of carbohydrates.


Emotion regulation is widely recognised as a critical component of healthy psychological development. Research in this field has generally focused on the child and adult populations, leaving the adolescent population largely neglected. Despite clear links being established between emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology, there a remains a scarcity of valid age-appropriate measures of emotion regulation for this population. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Emotion Regulation Scenarios for Adolescents (ERSA), a new instrument developed specifically for an adolescent population. To evaluate the validity and reliability of the ERSA, two samples of adolescents (at-risk and control) were recruited (N = 69). Results of the study provide some support for the ERSA's use in the adolescent population. This research fills a significant gap in emotion regulation research and introduces a measure that may show promise for use in future adolescent research.


The report summarizes the Bureau of Reclamation's policy, criteria, and designs for improving the appearance of switchyard and substation facilities. Environmental planning in locating switchyards and substations is discussed. The paper presents the concept and development for simplified low silhouette designs for steel structures employing rigid-frame type structures to achieve optimum esthetic effects within economic limits. Use of color and landscaping are also discussed, along with ways to improve existing installations. The paper has 18 figures.


Intelligent substation system joint debugging is the key link in the course of the construction of intelligent substation, this paper puts forward the lifecycle management model based on the RFID information integration. Together with the present situation of intelligent substation system joint debugging stage management, management mode to the application of the premise, the key points of the organizational structure, the specific operating points of tripartite face based on RFID information integration comprehensive explanation of the implementation of the whole life management mode. Through the analysis of the effect of optimal management, showing the feasibility of optimization management. For the future intelligent substation system joint debugging project management model to provide the reference.


The aim of this study was to report the incidence and treatment of hydrometra and mucometra in goats submitted to ultrasonographic examination for the early preganancy diagnosis. The exams were performed in females raised together with bucks and then separated from them for at least 30 days. Females showing liquid or mucous collection in the uterus were examined again after 15 days to confirm the pathological condition. Females exhibiting these uterine alterations received 0.5 mg of PGF2α. A total of 146 treated females entered estrus, including 3 (75.0%) Saanen, 2 (66.0%) American Alpine, 1 (100%) Anglo-Nubian, 3 (75.0%) Boer and 1 (100%) Moxotó goat after the first administration, and 1 (25.0%) Saanen, 1 (34.0%) American Alpine and 1 (25.0%) Boer goat after the second administration. The treated females were examined by ultrasound between days 30 and 35 after mating and pregnancy was diagnosed in 13 (100%). No difference in the incidence of hydrometra or mucometra was observed among the herds monitored (P > 0.05). The results permit us to conclude that ultrasonography is an important tool to detect early uterine alterations, aa well as that PGF2α is efficient in the treatment of hydrometra and mucometra. Key-words: uterus, pseudopregnancy, anestrus, progesterone Resumo Neste trabalho teve-se o objetivo de relatar a incidência e o tratamento da hidrometra e da mucometra em cabras submetidas a exames ultra-sonográfico para diagnosticar precocemente a gestação. Os exames foram realizados nas fêmeas com histórico de permanência junto a reprodutores e de terem sido separadas há, no mínimo, 30 dias. As que não foram diagnosticadas como gestantes e que apresentaram acúmulo de muco ou líquido no útero foram novamente examinadas após 15 dias para confirmação da condição patológica. As fêmeas portadoras dessas alterações uterinas receberam 0,5 mg de PGF2α. As 146 fêmeas tratadas manifestaram estro, sendo 3 (75,0%) Saanen, 2 (66,0%) Alpina Americana, 1 (100%) Anglo-Nubiana, 3 (100%) Boer e 1 (100%) Moxotó após a primeira administração e 1 (25,0%) Saanen e 1 (34%) Alpina Americanae 1 (25%) Boer depois da segunda. As fêmeas tratadas foram ultrasonograficamente examinadas entre o 30o e o 35o dia da cobertura e 13 (100%) foram diagnosticadas como gestantes. Os resultados não apontaram diferença (P ≥ 0,05) na incidência de hidrometra e mucometra entre os rebanhos monitorados. Os resultados permitem concluir que a ultra-sonografia é uma importante ferramenta tanto para diagnosticar precocemente a gestação quanto para detectar alterações uterinas, bem como que a PGF2α é eficiente no tratamento de hidrometra e mucometra. Palavras-chave: útero, pseudogestação, anestro, progesterona Trabalho extraído da Dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor apresentado ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Veterinária da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco. Autor para correspondência (firstname.lastname@example.com; email@example.com) Moraes et al. Hydrometra and mucometra in goat diagnosed by ultrasound Medicina Veterinária, Recife, v.1, n.1, p.33-39, jan-jun, 2007 34 Introduction Brazil possesses approximately 2% of the world goat population (FAO, 2004), with more than 90% of its herd being concentrated in the Northeast region (IBGE, 1996). Despite this potential, the productivity of the herds is low because it mainly consists of crossbred animals that are well adapted to the climatic conditions and that have been extensively exploited without reproductive or even productive control. The importation of animals of specialized breeds has led, although slowly, to changes in the rearing system because of the need to adopt more technical exploitation models which require a more effective control of reproductive problems that affect the productivity of the herds (Bandeira et al., 2004). Hydrometra and mucometra, clinically called pseudopregnancy before the advent of ultrasonography due to the lack of equipment that would permit a more precise diagnosis (Lopes Júnior et al., 2004), represent relevant problems in goat rearing because they occur both during and outside the reproductive season (Pieterse and Taverne, 1986; Hesselink, 1993). These uterine disorders are only differentiated by the physical characteristics of the fluid present in the uterus (Nascimento and Santos, 2003) which accumulates between the second and fifth month after mating (Martel, 2001). Due to the aseptic character of the fluid collection in the uterus, no modification in the general clinical status of the animals is observed at least at the beginning of the process (Lêga and Toniollo, 1999). However, the animals behave as if they were pregnant due to the presence of a pseudopregnant corpus luteum (Martel, 2001), with an increase in the interval between deliveries and a reduction in reproductive efficiency (Wittek et al., 1998; Lêga and Toniollo, 1999; Martel, 2001). The etiology of this pathological condition is still not completely understood (kornalunslijper, 1997; Wittek et al., 1998), although obstruction of the cervix or vagina, hyperestrogenism and hymen persistence have been suggested to be responsible for it (Nascimento and Santos, 2003). Ultrasonography has established a new dimension in animal reproduction by permitting not only the visualization of the reproductive tract but also the early diagnosis of pregnancy, monitoring of embryonic and fetal development, determination of fetal sex, identification of the phase of the estrous cycle and, especially, the diagnosis of reproductive system disorders such as hydrometra, mucometra and pyometra (Wittek et al., 1998; Lêga and Toniollo, 1999; Martel, 2001). Hydrometra is characterized by an enlarged uterus due to the accumulation of hypoechogenic fluid (Lêga and Toniollo, 1999), presence of mobile, echogenic and relatively thin trabeculae, and the absence of placental structures or other signs of the presence of an embryonic or fetal structure (Martel, 2001). In view of the above considerations and since ultrasound is a noninvasive method that combines the possibility of early diagnosis and accuracy, the objective of the present study was to determine the incidence of hydrometra and mucometra in Saanen, American Alpine, Boer, AngloNubian and Moxotó goats submitted to ultrasonographic examination for the early pregnancy disgnosis. Material and Methods A total of 143 goats ranging in age from 1 to 6 years were studied: 30 Saanen and 34 Anglo-Nubian goats belonging to two properties in the Municipality of Sertânia (08° 04' 25" South latitude and 35° 15' 52" longitude West), Pernambuco Brazil, 23 American Alpine goats from a property in the Municipality of Brejo da Madre de Deus (08° 08'45" South Latitude and 36° 22' 16" Longitude West), Pernambuco Brazil, 39 Boer goats from a property in the Municipality of Gravatá (08° 12' 04" South Moraes et al. Hydrometra and mucometra in goat diagnosed by ultrasound Medicina Veterinária, Recife, v.1, n.1, p.33-39, jan-jun, 2007 35 Latitude and 35° 33' 53" Longitude West), Pernambuco Brazil, and 17 Moxotó goats from EMEPA, Municipality of Soledade in Pendência Experimental Farm (07° 03' 26" South.Latitude and 36° 21' 46" Longitude West), ParaibaBrazil. Saanen females aged 1 to 4 years reared in an intensive system were milked twice a day. Immediately after each milking, the animals had access to bulk food, forage palm (Opuntia ficusindica) and concentrate (wheat bran + cotton bran + corn flour). Anglo-Nubian animals aged 3 to 5 years and reared in a semi-intensive system grazing on native pasture as the main forage source when confined in corrals and receiving manioc (Manihot esculenta) hay when kept in stables. American Alpine goats aged 1 to 5 years and also reared semi-intensively were milked only once a day. When grazing, they had access to native grass and when kept in the stable they received Buffel (Cenchrus ciliares L.), Urocroa (Urochloa moçambicensis Dandy) and Algaroba (Prosopis juliflora) hay grass, as well as chopped palm and dairy goat ration. Boer females ranging in age from 2 to 5 years reared in a semi-intensive system had access to corrals covered with Pangola (Digitaria decumbens) grass and received 200 g of balanced ration when feeding from a trough. The Moxotó animals aged 3 to 4 years were reared in an intensive system. At all properties, the females had access to water and mineral salt ad libitum. Figure 1 Fluid accumulation in the uterus forming hyperechoic trabeculae ( ). Uterine collection exhibiting an anechoic image (a) diagnosed as hydrometra (A and B) and a hypoechoic image (h) diagnosed as mucometra (C and D). A C


The current state of shadowing of the labour market is a threatening trend in national security of Ukraine, as it directly affects the socio-economic development of society. Shadow employment is considered as illegal involvement of an employee in economic activities by the employer. In view of this, we substantiate that the labour market with its destructive development may endanger the vital national interests of Ukraine as it covers the entire working population of the state and forms the economic potential of the state. With the help of PESTL-analysis, in order to identify large-scale problems of the labour market, the range of factors shadowing the labour and employment market, including political; economic; socio-demographic; regulatory. The study shows that the negative and destructive impact of these factors extends not only to the labour and employment market, but also to the economy, social protection, demographic situation and social development of Ukraine as a whole, which threatens the national security of Ukraine.


This article presents a sensor based on zinc wires of different widths deposited on the surface of the ceramic resonator capable of detecting and following the evolution of the corrosion of the zinc material. Electromagnetic studies show that due to the evolution of the corrosion, the progressive degradation of the conductivity of the formed zinc grid (from 6 S/μm to 0.015 S/μm) causes a degradation of the quality factor (from Q0 = 50 to Q0 < 5), a decreased level of the coefficient transmission of the TE101 mode of the resonator (from -8 dB to <-35 dB), and a progressive frequency shift (230 MHz). Experimental measurements of this sensor in a corrosive environment show a gradual shift of the resonance frequency of the TE101 mode, a decreased level of the S21 transmission coefficient, and a degradation of the unloaded quality factor. Confirmed by electronic microscopy and X–Ray analysis, these variations are due to the evolution in the corrosion of zinc wires over time, leading to a creation of corrosion ...


Regulation of green house gases is now among major concerns of UNO (United Nation Organization). With this concern different regulatory authorities in different regions of world are working at their very best. These regulatory authorities need a low cost feasible carbon tax billing regime which could be easily employed in industries, vehicles, standalone motors, chemical plants etc. This paper presents a regime which is a combination of dedicated hardware and dedicated software to fulfill the required demands of regulatory authorities. Regime presented in this paper uses existing hardware and software technologies that do not have any extra maintenance and setup cost associated with them. Software portion of regime takes all the computational responsibilities in order to make hardware as simple and less costly as possible. Best possible efforts are made to meet design challenges associated with feasibility of this regime on target units like industries, automobiles and chemical plants.


It has been a century since Constantin von Economo first reported patients who were initially hospitalized with unusual neurological symptoms with various diagnoses that did not show a complete feature of the disorder and while lethargy was their hallmark feature. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Article is devoted to the Central Asian direction of the Han Empire's foreign policy. It also pays attention to the heroic struggle of the Central Asian people against Chinese invasion. Unconsolidated in centuries before Christmas, later it become the part of magnificent Kushans uprising. Integrated in Kushana Empire, Central Asian people successfully stopped Han's expansion. Power over the oases of the Sogd, Fergana and Sintszyan, reached by the kushanas in the II century turned them into the Great Silk road moderators. Control of this ancient world's main trade route on its long distance gave great economic and political benefits to the Kushana Empire. Vice versa results Central Asian's defeat brought for Han Empire. In the early 20-es of the next III century Han dynasty was overthrown, all the territories out of the Great China wall became independent and China itself was put into the long period of interior conflicts and instability.


The synchrotron-based MedAustron accelerator in Wiener Neustadt, Austria, has seen the first clinical beam and has been certified as a medical accelerator in December 2016. This represented a major milestone for the facility whose original design originated more than a decade ago and construction started four years ago. The accelerator is designed to deliver clinical proton beams 60-253 MeV and carbon ions 120-400 MeV/u to three ion therapy irradiation rooms (IRs), including a room with a proton Gantry. Beams up to 800 MeV will be provided to a fourth room dedicated to non-clinical research. Presently, proton beams are delivered to the horizontal beam lines of three irradiation rooms. In parallel, commissioning of the accelerator with Carbon ions and the installation of the Gantry beam line are ongoing. At MedAustron, a third-order resonance extraction method is used to extract particles from the synchrotron in a slow controlled process over a spill time of 0.1-10 seconds to facilitate the measurement and control of the delivered radiation dose during clinical treatments. The main characteristics of the accelerator and the results obtained during the commissioning are presented.


I Ambivalence. Difference. The postcolonial Other has always been located under the sign of difference, in contrast to the colonizer/self reflected in the master narratives of imperial discourse. Under this sign, the postcolonial Other "reads" and "writes back" to the Empire, mobilising new modes of resistance against imperial discourse through its alterity. Yet the sign of "difference" is at the same time invested with ambivalence, since it is also a permanent reminder of marginality, its Other-ness. In "Reading for Resistance in Post-Colonial Literature" (1989), Stephen Slemon observes that the English literatures produced by the Commonwealth are defined by the contradictions inherent in the terms "New" and "Other." Even as we assert our difference under the label of "New" literatures, he argues, we are "already constituted within institutional and generic constraints whose work it is to package and displace the counter-discursive force of both our literary and our critical texts under a sign of secondariness, derivation, simulacrum, or mimicry" (p. 100). New. Other. Both terms play on what Slemon calls the sign of "paradoxical doubleness or ambivalence" since they reflect the conflicting position occupied by the subject, "whose institutional subjectivity is interpellated by a double sign of contiguity (our filial `newness') and rupture (our disjunctional alterity)" (p. 112, 100). What has drawn me to Slemon's argument is his suggestion of "paradoxical doubleness or ambivalence," for I have observed this sign dominating the textual representations of self-censorship in the novel The Crocodile Fury (CF), by Malaysian writer Beth Yahp, wherein recurring patterns and doubling motifs indicate an allegorical structure at work in the text. Operating through subterranean ellipses and embodied silences, this ambivalence can be seen in the double-edged images of gain and loss that underpin the narratives of censorship, trauma, marginality and loss experienced by gendered subjects. As Slemon says, "this ambivalence can itself serve as an enabling mechanism, for it names a space in which another kind of methodological `history' might be written" (p. 107). This enablement is also "one whose figural possibilities always hang upon the already socialised investments of the historical apparatuses of textual power" (p. 113). (1) This essay considers the implications of Slemon's "paradoxical doubleness" in the reading of censorship as a power discourse, and how its ambivalence can enable the naming of a space where allegorical revisions of the censored subject, as well as its transformation, can take place. As markers of the temporal and spatial discontinuities experienced in the performative space, the recurring censored spaces in the allegorical structure represent the sites where fragmented and ambivalent subjectivities--in the form of unvoiced or suppressed thoughts, painful silences, secret feelings, and unspeakable memories--linger and dwell. However, these nebulous, undetermined spaces also point to ongoing processes within the subjectivity, which assimilate and construct meaning; the subtle internal changes are an indication of the subject's potential for transformation. In other words, censorship as a power discourse is neither absolute nor stable (2); there are underlying fissures and cracks in the discourse through which women's will and agency escape. These are the fragmented and ambivalent spaces where hegemonic power lines have been fractured by the many possible "self-representations of individual women and men as engendered subjects" (Moore p. 56). The term "censored subject" signifies the conditions of powerlessness and exclusion experienced by the gendered subject--the nameless and featureless protagonist, whom the readers only know as "I" in CF--as she inhabits the periphery of her world order. Although we hear her voice, we have no definitive picture of her. The protagonist's featurelessness acts as a metaphorical blank page that is inscribed with the stories told by her grandmother, mother, the bully, and other characters. …


This paper presents a novel SU-8 polymer-based grating light modulator fabricated using conventional process technology which requires no expensive equipments and materials. A set of fifty 2.5μm-thick SU-8 micro beams of 20μmwidth x 100μm-length is patterned by photolithography on the aluminum sacrificial layer to form a grating. The micro beams are arranged in parallel with an inter-beam gap of 20μm. The wide inter-beam gap tolerates low patterning precision. Narrow air gaps of 0.5μm beneath the micro beams are formed by combination of wet-etching of the aluminum sacrificial layer and freeze drying method, where cyclohexane is chose as sublimation liquid because of the high freezing point and the ease of sublimation. When a voltage is applied across the upper and lower electrodes to attract the micro beams to the substrate, neighboring micro beams are actuated to deflect in phase and the optical path length between the upper electrode/mirror on the micro beam and the lower mirror on the substrate decreases by quarter wavelength, the 0th and 1st order diffracted light intensities vary from maximum and minimum, respectively, or vice versa. The voltage to obtain maximum modulation for HeNe laser beam of 632.8nm wavelength is 70V. The rise and fall response times of the light modulation are 3.08 microsecond and 4.63 microsecond, respectively.


In a review of the publication of Goncharovs family's hand-written books it is explained the structure of the issue, the intentions and substantial value of home chronograph. The evaluations and conclusions of J.M. Alekseeva, the originator and the commentator of «Chronicle» on home book, are consistently analyzed, as well as the inclusion of medieval monuments of written language in the fabric of narration: «The passion of Christ», «Tale about the godson», fragments of the «Moscow chronicle».


Recently, various application devices, such as air purifiers and ventilation equipment for the reduction of particulate matters occurring indoors as well as outdoors have been commercialized and utilized. However, as it is necessary to enhance the performance compared to the existing application devices with the deterioration of the rapidly changing atmospheric environment and the increase of the occurrence of particulate matters, problems of high specifications and high costs occur. This study is concerned with a performance test of a modular particulate matter collector designed and adopted to effectively resolve the issue of particulate matters. This study produced Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a dust collecting part as an expansion of research on the modular particulate matter collectors designed previously and conducted an analysis of the effectiveness of the particulate matter collection performance of the produced film. Through an analysis of the effectiveness of the PDMS film, this study would reduce costs and implement a high-quality modular particulate matter collector.


The intumescent effect of a series of polymer of phosphoric acid -pentaerythritol - melamine, with different components was studied. Fire retardancy of PP was studied by means of testing oxygen index and horizontal flammability. The results showed that the intumescent effect is dependent on the components and structure of fire retardant; the fire retardancy of PP is affected by the intumescent effect and the dropping character of PP.


This paper presents a class of plausible definitions for validity of formulas in the infinitely-many-valued extension of the Łukasiewicz predicate calculus, and shows that all of them are equivalent. This extended system is discussed in some form in [3] and [4]; the questions discussed here are raised rather briefly in the latter. We first describe the formal framework for the validity definition. The symbols to be used are the following: the connectives + and ‐, which are the strong disjunction B of [2] and negation respectively; the predicate variables Pi for i ∈ I, where I may be taken as the integers; the existential quantifiers E(J), where J⊆I, and I may be thought of as the index set on the individual variables, which however do not appear explicitly in this formulation.


A case is reported in which a young man who required tracheal intubation and intermittent positive pressure ventilation for head and chest injuries, inhaled a foreign body after extubating himself. The unusual nature of the foreign body and the manner of its entering the tracheobronchial tree is reported. The case suggests that the practice of using protective rubber sleeves on the jaws of mouth gags be reviewed and highlights the need to inspect all instruments after use, particularly those that have been employed in the mouth and upper airways.


In light of Heidegger's inquiry, Freudian theory is revealed to be subjected to the framework of meaning provided by a metaphysics of presence, in which the present serves as the ultimate foundation for the appearance of things in the world. The attempt to reinstate temporality within psychoanalytic theory requires that we formulate a new understanding of the latter, one relying on the manner in which temporality constitutes Dasein's existence in the world through the horizon of presence, that is, the present (Praesens). Freud's 'objective world' is one in which the present, emerging from the horizon of presence, has come to dominate all reality. My attempt to return to psychoanalysis and reformulate its tenets in light of the perspective provided by temporality entails, first and foremost, understanding psychological processes as constitutive not only regarding the present (the objective world), but also regarding the three modalities of time and the ways in which the horizon of presence enables phenomena to manifest themselves in the world.My reading of Ida's case study in the fifth chapter strived to show the extent to which psychoanalysis had overlooked the phenomenon of temporality. In this chapter, my main interest is to demonstrate that those same concepts Freud employs in his account of Ida's behavior could be interpreted as manifestations of temporality. Any observation of the phenomenon of temporality requires that we allow distinct temporal aspects to co-exist simultaneously, instructing us to consider the symptomatology characteristic of case-study analyses as manifesting an intricate life-story. The very possibility of letting temporality depict human behavior through psychoanalytic concepts lies in our ability to develop a keen sensitivity to the presence of temporal phenomena in Ida's world.In chapter three, the section entitled "Being-There in Time" discussed the relationship between time and selfhood according to Heidegger. It demonstrated that Dasein is an essentially temporal entity, not to be construed as some pre-existing being simply projected onto time. It is always already, by its very being, simultaneously open to the future, the past and the present. This temporal openness preconditions the phenomenon of the world and any understanding thereof. Human beings are not 'inside' the time by which they are measured, they are temporality in their very being. Dasein's relation to its own being is one of its existentiales and its possibility for being-itself (its relation to its own being) is nothing other than the manner in which it lives time. I propose that we understand psychoanalysis, as a method employing an array of concepts accounting for human behavior in normal, pathological or psychotic states, in light of the manner in which Dasein lives time, i.e., in light of the presence of temporal structures in its way of life.One of the central differences between a theory of interpretation founded upon a metaphysics of presence and one derived from ontological insight lies in the theoretical role of nothing or absence. Freud sees nothing as a 'lack', as something once present but now gone: the infant is hungry while the mother is absent and unable to feed it. In contrast, ontological thought considers nothing (Das Nicht) as immanent to human existence. Freudian theory sees nothing as affecting and constituting psychic activity in the sense that the psychic mechanism is capable of acknowledging certain lacks, thus setting out to abate them by acting in the external world or through the appearance of fantasy as an internal activity which acts as a compromise between the reality principle and the pleasure principle. While these two alternatives address nothing merely as a representation of an absent object (either internal or external), Heidegger, as we have seen, conceives of beings as always disclosed in light of the present (Praesens). Since beings indeed manifest themselves as lacking in the Freudian sense (as non-existent beings), Heidegger avows that rather than grasping the representation of some presence which once was or is yet to be, we sense the presence inherent, in a way, in its absence. …


The automatic processing of unstructured texts in natural languages is one of the relevant problems of computer analysis and text synthesis. Within this problem, the author singles out a task of text normalization, which usually suggests such processes as tokenization, stemming, and lemmatization. The existing stemming algorithms for the most part are oriented towards the synthetic languages with inflectional morphemes. The Uzbek language represents an example of agglutinative language, characterized by polysemanticity of affixal and auxiliary morphemes. Although the Uzbek language largely differs from, for example, English language, it is successfully processed by stemming algorithms. There are virtually no examples of effective implementation of stemming algorithms for the Uzbek language; therefore, this questions is the subject of scientific interest and defines the goal of this work. In the course of this research, the author solved the task of bringing the given texts in the Uzbek language to normal form, which on the preliminary stage were tokenized and cleared of stop words. To author developed the method of normalization of texts in the Uzbek language based on the stemming algorithm. The development of stemming algorithm employed hybrid approach with application of algorithmic method, lexicon of linguistic rules and database of the normal word forms of the Uzbek language. The precision of the proposed algorithm depends on the precision of tokenization algorithm. At the same time, the article did not explore the question of finding the roots of paired words separated by spaces, as this task is solved at the stage of tokenization. The algorithm can be integrated into various automated systems for machine translation, information extraction, data retrieval, etc.


This research focuses on numerical and experimental research of the net shape forming in the process of radial gear extrusion in cold state. Experiment was carried out using Al99.5 as a modeling material to record the force-stroke diagram. In the end of forming process, gear geometry was cut in horizontal and vertical planes to measure the hardness with the aim to compare the results and numerical simulation. Numerical simulation was carried out in MSC.Marc Mentat 2003, a commercial program package capable of dealing with finite strain using the Finite Elements Method. Offering a great number of modeling possibilities, numerical simulation was considered as a technology. Therefore the experimental model was needed to asset the optimal FE model, capable of capturing the physical phenomena like finite strain, strain hardening and friction. Comparison between the FE simulation and the experiment was done via numerically and experimentally obtained force-stroke diagram and via comparison of the measured hardness with numerically obtained equivalent strain. Comparative analysis of the results has shown that the actual mesh geometry, friction model and updated Lagrangian formulation of the finite strain, represent a satisfying numerical model of a gear extrusion in cold state. Refined by the experiment, obtained FE model can be applied to the other gear geometries only by making minor, geometrical changes in numerical model.


To develop magic yarn,this paper uses self-made selective reagent R for pretreatment modification and dyeing with reactive dyes of pure cotton yarn on the basis of equipment transformation and optimizes the pretreatment process and dyeing process of magic yarn.The pretreatment process obtained is: mass concentration of selective reagent R=20g/L and modification for 90s at 35℃;dyeing process is: dye concentration 3%(relative to the fabric mass percent),thermal insulation for 15 min at 40℃,heat to 60℃ and thermal insulation for 15min.After one dyeing,magic yarn with deep and light color change can be presented.The color fastness to washing of magic yarn is tested according to related standards.The result shows that the color fastness meets the national standard.


Genetic structures and genetic markers of aspartic acid transaminase (AAT), glyceraldehydes phosphate dehydrogenase(α-GPD), glucose-1-phosphate isomerase(GPI), isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), malate dehydrogenase(MDH), phosphoglucomutase(PGM) and myogen (PROT) were examined in five populations in large icefish Protosalanx hyalocranius and one population in Taihu Lake icefish Neosalanx taihuensis by starch gel electrophoresis. The results showed that 16 loci were observed both in large icefish and Taihu Lake icefish, respectively. The proportion of polymorphic loci were 0-12.5% in large icefish and 18.8% in Taihu Lake icefish on the basis of 0.99 criterion of polymorphism; the proportion of polymorphic loci were 0 and 12.5% in two species on the basis of 0.95 criterion of polymorphism. Expected heterozygosity were 0-0.0057 and 0.0178 in two species. Five totally different loci:α-GPD-4 *, LDH-1 *, LDH-2 *, LDH-3 and PGM * were found between large icefish and Taihu Lake icefish. The Nei'genetic distances were 0.000 010-0.000 103 in large icefish, and 0.2996-0.3019 between two species, indicating that the genetic diversities were relatively lower in large icefish and Taihu Lake icefish.


Operations research has been particularly successful in two areas of decision analysis: (i) optimization of problems involving many variables when the outcome of the decisions can be predicted with certainty, and (ii) the analysis of situations involving a few variables when the outcome of the decisions cannot be predicted with certainty. The earlier chapters of this book have identified this dichotomy as deterministic optimization versus stochastic analysis. The optimization of problems in which the outcomes are uncertain, the subject of this chapter, is still in its infancy so there is still much room for improvement in computational methods.


Tourism is one of the leading economic sources for several countries compared to modern IT industries growth. Ethiopia is one of the leading cultural and tourism revenue-based country, and having huge tourism hot spots for national and international tourist visitors. Specifically, in the Amhara national regional state capital, Bahir Dar, Lake Tana (origin of Blue Nile River) has been very well known to national and international tourists. However, the Lake Tana Basin is still unable to provide sufficient high bandwidth and good signal reception though 3G wireless mobile technology service is deployed. Bandwidth constraint and weak signal strength is creating problems for the society residing and for visitors inand- around many islands of Lake Tana geographical areas. The research work carried out the study for 3G wireless mobile radio access and microwave transmission path link performance in the city and around Lake Tana Basin. Out of two phases of research works, in this paper, we focus the first phase and partly second phase research results for both Inter and Intra- Cluster 3G Network in complete manner. Hence, we analyzed various measures like coverage signal power conditions, various BTSs antenna sizes, geographical mapping issues and other supporting performance parameters. All importance analytical performance study and measures for two major cluster networks both inter and intra-cluster 3G Networks which are geographically located edging curve in and around Lake Tana Basin. Ultimately, complete analysis and results are supported as prime study for Ethiopian Telecommunication Corporation (ETC) technical support before expanding / migrating to 4G from 3G WCDMA network on Lake Tana Basin and also enhance the culture and tourism cost trade -off for both Amhara region of Ethiopia and national wide Ethiopia.


Context. LS 5039 / RX J1826.2-1450 is one of the few High Mass X-ray binary systems from which radio and high energy TeV emission has been observed. Moreover, variability of the TeV emission with orbital period was detected. Aims. We investigate the hard X-ray ($25{-}200$ keV) spectral and timing properties of the source with the monitoring IBIS/ISGRI instrument on-board the INTEGRAL satellite. Methods. We present the analysis of INTEGRAL observations for a total of about 3 Msec exposure time, including both public data and data from the Key Programme. We search for flux and spectral variability related to the orbital phase. Results. The source is observed to emit from 25 up to 200 keV and the emission is concentrated around inferior conjunction. Orbital variability in the hard X-ray band is detected and established to be in phase with the orbitally modulated TeV emission observed with HESS. For this energy range we determine an average flux for the inferior conjunction phase interval of $(3.54 \pm 2.30) \times 10^{-11}$ erg cm -2  s -1 , and a flux upper limit for the superior conjunction phase interval of $1.45 \times 10^{-11}$ erg cm -2  s -1 (90% conf. level respectively). The spectrum for the inferior conjunction phase interval follows a power law with an index $\Gamma = 2.0^{+0.2}_{-0.2} $ (90% conf. level).


Corpus annotation is a task to provide both reference and training material for method development and benchmark data sets annotated with a given annotation scheme.After analysis of the linguistic characteristics,an annotation scheme is proposed for markup linguistic expressions for spatial relations in Chinese text.And then a natural language processing software-GATE(General Architecture for Text Engineering) is introduced as the annotation tool.Based on the proposed annotation scheme,a corpus with "Encyclopedia of China Geography" as the source data is annotated by means of cross-validation to solve the problem of annotation inconsistency.In order to realize the structurized representation of geographical spatial relations described in natural language,and to provide standard training and test data for their extraction.


The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of rewards and recognition on employee engagement of IT sector employees and also to examine the relationship among employee engagement and rewards and recognition. Two hundred (200) employees of three different organizations of New Delhi and NCR were sampled. Descriptive statistics consisted of mean and standard deviation in order to have a clear picture of study variables. Pearson product correlation and Regression were the statistical tools used for analyzing the data collected. The findings of the study showed that there is a significant positive relationship between employee engagement and rewards and recognition. The findings of the study are discussed with reference to the reviewed literature.


EDITOR,—R Rudiman and colleages suggest that a financial incentive may be required to increase the participation of primary care staff in the management of breast screening.1 Data from a study undertaken in 1990-1 of part of the prevalence round of breast screening in a health district in the then Northern region support this.

Almost 3500 women …


Objective To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of the treatment using central venous catheter insertion drainage and the intrapleural administration of staphyloccal enterotoxin C injection plus low dose cisplatin for malignant pleural effusion.Methods Sixty-four patients were randomly divided into two groups.Test group 32 cases:staphyloccal enterotoxin C injection 20 ml combined with cisplatin 20 mg were infused into the thoracic cavity;control group (32 cases):bleomycin 60 mg were infused into the thoracic cavity.Results There was not statistical difference in the total response rate of pleural control and Karnofsky score between two groups(P>0.05).The side effects in test group were less than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Placement of central venous catheter for drainage and intrapleural administration of staphyloccal enterotoxin C injection plus low dose cisplatin is effective for malignant pleural effusion,and the side effects less.

Key words:
Malignant pleural effusion; Staphyloccal enterotoxin C injection; Cisplatin; Bleomycin


The invention discloses a formula of a sound absorption plate for a subway rail. The formula comprises the following steps: (1) proportioning the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of cement, 30 parts of broken stone, 20 parts of sand, 30 parts of fibers, 20 parts of a water reducing agent, and 50 parts of mixing water; and (2) preparing the raw materials according to the ratio, metering, and stirring uniformly at preset stirring speed for preset stirring time period in a preset water adding manner, wherein a steel mold and a wood board are used as molds. The sound absorption plate for the subway rail can overcome the defects that the ratio is unreasonable, the cost is high, the noise reduction effect is poor and the like in the prior art, and can achieve the advantages of reasonable ratio, low cost and good noise reduction effect.


Using data from the 1990 census and from a questionnaire survey conducted in Bama Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi, China, the author analyzes the population aged 80 or older. Characteristics examined include ethnic group, family surname, geographical area, season of birth, sex, occupation, literacy, family characteristics, health, and long-lived ancestors.


Listed below are recent publications of the Trade Policy Research Centre. With titles published under the Centre's imprint, the series in which they appear is cited, whereas with major studies the commercial house which published the title for the Centre is given.


Crime prevention is one of the major challenges of modern society that can be addressed by IS. Yet, research in the direction of design principles, perception and implications of crime prevention IS is limited. In this paper we design and evaluate a system to support individuals in increasing their safety. We build upon concepts shown to be effective for crime prevention from several literature streams, deriving six main design principles: (1) information provision, (2) community involvement, (3) preventive tips provision, (4) targeted notifications, (5) gamification and (6) social media integration. We evaluate the proposed system from three perspectives: (1) effect of dissemination of crime information over fear of crime, (2) technology acceptance and its relation to fear of crime, and (3) usage motivations. Our results indicate that the proposed system does not increase the fear of crime. Instead, it holds a potential to motivate its users to undertake preventive measures.


New medical technology for the estimation of occupational risk for health of the workers of industrial enterprises engaged in adverse and dangerous working conditions is presented in this paper. Medical technology is necessary for substantiation of medical and preventive and rehabilitation measures directed on the decrease in occupational disease. The estimation of medical technology efficiency is carried out on the basis of the Clinic of Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medicine, 316 workers of the basic trades of aluminium factory are surveyed.


Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC) focuses attention on the community as "patient" and involves its residents in a process of discernment of health needs and consequent action. COPC's emphasis on community involvement provides an opportunity for the sociologist to create the tools for resident participation in health needs assessment and subsequent interventions. This paper describes sociology's role in a rural Appalachian county COPC program funded by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation. Some 41 focus group interviews were employed to reach more than 416 residents. Interview results were combined with epidemiological and census data and fed back to a 27-member Community Advisory Board, where nominal group techniques were used to develop a prioritized list of needs and consequent interventions. Two interventions began in the fall of 1990. One is a dental sealant program for schoolchildren. The second involves training "lay community advisors" to work with parents of newborn children in efforts to improve infant health and parenting. In July 1989, a four-year Community-Oriented Primary Care (COPC) project was initiated by a multiple-agency consortium in Madison County, a rural mountain county with limited economic resources in western, Appalachian North Carolina. COPC focuses on the community as "patient" and involves its residents in a process of discernment of health needs and consequent action. As part of a "community assessment," which included a review of census and epidemiological data, a research team made up of an epidemiologist (Landis), a community organizer (Trevor) and a sociologist (Plaut), conducted forty-one focus group interviews between August and December. This paper describes


The case of a 3-old-year bullfi ght that presented a mass in the left maxillary bone is described. The animal had severe breathing diffi culty, slight nasal discharge and respiratory sounds acentuated after exercising. At necropsy the mass presented dorsal-rostral expansion, penetrating into the nasal cavity and partially reducing the lumen of with site of 25x10x15 cm. Samples of the mass were taken for histopathology and microbiology.


In this text Giles Gunn asks how human solidarity can be reconceived when its expressions have become increasingly exceptionalist and outmoded, and when the pressures of globalization divide as much as they unify. Drawing on the work of Williams and Henry James, John Dewey, Primo Levi, Richard Rorty and others, as well as postcolonial writings, Jewish literature of the holocaust and the cultural and religious experience of African Americans in slavery, Gunn points pragmatism in a transnational direction and shows how it can better account for the consequences of diversity.


The study intended to determine students' performance in General Mathematics under the modular class of Grade 11 students of Candijay National High School, Candijay, Bohol during the academic year 2020-2021. The study used a descriptive normative survey method and a correlational quantitative research design. A total of 150 Grade 11 students of Candijay National High School were included. The research used a self-constructed instrument patterned from Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs) in General Mathematics. The majority of the respondents took the Humanities and Social Sciences strand. In terms of the gadgets available, mobile phones had the highest frequency. More than half of the students used mobile data as interconnection with internet speed connectivity of moderate. It showed that the student's proficiency in General Mathematics was on the Beginning Level. All the problems encountered stated were found as less serious. It showed that the student's academic performance in General Mathematics for the first semester was fairly satisfactory. The data inferred that there is a significant degree of correlation between students' strands and academic performance. The data resulted from an insignificant correlation between students' strands and problems encountered in teaching mathematics and proficiency levels in modular classes. The data revealed a significant degree of correlation between students' academic performance and problems encountered in modular classes in teaching mathematics and between students' academic performance and proficiency level. The data reflected an insignificant correlation between students' proficiency level and problems encountered in modular classes in teaching mathematics.


A general and efficient lactonization of readily available 2-alkynylbenzoates affording biologically important isochromenones has been realized via a solely BF3•Et2O-mediated 6-endo-dig cyclization process under mild conditions. An alternative mechanistic pathway in which BF3•Et2O activates the carbonyl of the ester moiety, rather than the alkyne triple bond, was postulated on the basis of control experiment results. Gram-scale reaction and further application for the assembly of more complex molecules demonstrated the practicability of the protocol.


Objective
To investigate the effect of motivational interviewing (MI) on the mental status and medication compliance of patients with hyperthyroidism, and to provide guidance for nursing mission in patients with hyperthyroidism.

Methods
A total of 139 patients with hyperthyroidism who were treated in our hospital from May 2015 to May 2016 were randomly divided into control group (69 cases) and experimental group (70 cases). The control group was treated with routine nursing mission.The experimental group was interviewed by motivational interview.The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) score and medication compliance were observed before and after intervention.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups of SAS scores and medication compliance rates (P> 0.05). SAS score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group at 3 months and 6 months after intervention, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The obesity of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group at 3 months and 6 months after intervention, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).

Conclusions
Compared with general nursing mission, the dynamic interview can reduce the anxiety of the patients, improve and maintain the patient medication compliance.It is worth clinical expansion.

Key words:
Hyperthyroidism; Opportunistic interviews; Anxiety; Medication compliance


Recent proposals have employed optical circuit switching (OCS) to reduce the cost of data center networks. However, the relatively slow switching times (10--100 ms) assumed by these approaches, and the accompanying latencies of their control planes, has limited its use to only the largest data center networks with highly aggregated and constrained workloads. As faster switch technologies become available, designing a control plane capable of supporting them becomes a key challenge. In this paper, we design and implement an OCS prototype capable of switching in 11.5 us, and we use this prototype to expose a set of challenges that arise when supporting switching at microsecond time scales. In response, we propose a microsecond-latency control plane based on a circuit scheduling approach we call Traffic Matrix Scheduling (TMS) that proactively communicates circuit assignments to communicating entities so that circuit bandwidth can be used efficiently.


In the paper, an unique event of a steam turbine rotor grabbing and locking will be described and evaluated. The turbine power is 21,740 kW and it is used in a pulp and paper production plant. The turbine is a high speed machine, 8,300 rpm, reaction multi-stage type, coupled by a reduction gear to a 4-pole electric generator, with 1,800 rpm. The steam turbine rotor grabbing and locking event evaluation is based on a proposed rational approach, i. e., based on the connection of the failure mechanisms observed and the identification of possible causes of these mechanisms. It is important to notice that the failure mechanisms and their causes are not the same. The failure mechanisms are the damages observed such as wear, fracture, severe deformation, etc. that impair or limit the safe and economical operation of a mechanical component. The causes, on the other hand, are the operational characteristics, the aging factors, the loads, etc. that introduce conditions to the failure mechanisms development. Using the proposed rational approach, the failure mechanisms causes that induce this unique event of steam turbine grabbing and locking are identified. Also, corrective and improvement actions based on the proposed rational approach are addressed to evaluate similar events and to avoid such a type of event in similar components.© 2007 ASME


We address the question of existence of nonconstant stable stationary solution to the heat equation on a class of convex domains subject to nonlinear boundary flux involving a positive parameter. Such solutions which were known to exist in dumbbell-type domains and not to exist in $N$-dimensional balls are shown to exist in some convex domains obtained by smoothing out, in a convenient way, the edges and corners of a cube. Therefore convexity of the domain is not a necessary condition for nonexistence of this type of solutions. If the parameter is small enough we prove that the only equilibria are the constant ones by using the Implicit Function Theorem in a special setting. Symmetry inheritance by local minimizers from symmetry properties of the domain is also addressed.


The smart grid is a key piece of infrastructure and its security has attracted widespread attention. The false data injection (FDI) attack is one of the important research issues in the field of smart grid security. Because this kind of attack has a great impact on the safe and stable operation of the smart grid, many effective detection methods have been proposed, such as an FDI detector based on the support vector machine (SVM). In this paper, we first analyze the problem existing in the detector based on SVM. Then, we propose a new attack method to reduce the detection effect of the FDI detector based on SVM and give a proof. The core of the method is that the FDI detector based on SVM cannot detect the attack vectors which are specially constructed and can replace the attack vectors into the training set when it is updated. Therefore, the training set is changed and then the next training result will be affected. With the increase of the number of the attack vectors which are injected into the positive space, the hyperplane moves to the side of the negative space, and the detection effect of the FDI detector based on SVM is reduced. Finally, we analyze the impact of different data injection modes for training results. Simulation experiments show that this attack method can impact the effectiveness of the FDI detector based on SVM.


Model reduction by least-squares moment matching is shown to be very sensitive to the pole distribution of the original system. Systems with poles of modulus less than unity are seen to present numerical problems. A suggestion is made to render the technique more robust.


The low mass X-ray binary GX 339–4 entered a new outburst in 2021. At the end of the hard to soft transition of this outburst, Insight–HXMT found that the source rapidly alternated between low flux and high flux states on a timescale of hours. Two high flux states lasted only for a period comparable to the orbital period of the observatory. Time-resolved spectral analysis shows that the sudden changes of flux are confined in the hard X-ray band (>4 keV). The variable non-thermal emission, including the power-law continuum from the corona and the reflected emission from the inner accretion disk, is responsible for the observed variability. The strength of the disk thermal emission and the inner radius of the accretion disk are consistent between the two flux states. Assuming the lamppost geometry, our best-fit disk reflection models suggest a very low corona height (within 3 Rg) and there is no evidence of significant variation in the corona geometry either. The observed rapidly alternating flux states suggest that the intrinsic power of the corona must change during the state transition. We discuss possible mechanisms for the observed sudden changes in the coronal power of GX 339–4.


The Danube is the second-longest river in Europe that is subjected to various man-made alterations, including those related to hydro-power plants. We surveyed and analyzed the presence and abundance of macrophytes in the main channel from 2582 river kilometers (rkm) to 171 rkm. We also assessed selected habitat parameters in the sampled river stretches. Sixty-eight different plant species were recorded along the entire course. Among neophytes, we found Elodea nuttallii, E. canadensis, Vallisneriaspiralis and Azolla filiculoides. Based on similarity analysis, we distinguished 15 plant communities, most of which were defined as associations, which were classified into 5 alliances and represented three vegetation classes, namely vegetation of rooted hydrophytes Potamogetonetea, the vegetation of pleustophytes Lemnetea and vegetation of marshes Phragmitetea. The number and abundance of plant species, as well as plant communities recorded in single stretches, varied along the course. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that environmental parameters explained 21% of plant species composition. CCA runs with neophytes explained 41% of the variance, and current velocity, water transparency, species number and bank structure were significant variables. The present study revealed that the free-running sections of the river are poor in number and abundance of plant species, whereas impounded reaches mainly show an opposite result.


Abstract The Dualistic Model of Passion (DMP) proposes two types of passion, namely harmonious passion and obsessive passion. The DMP posits that the activity becomes part of one's identity. However, little research assessed how the two types of passion relate to identity. Two important facets of identity hypothesized to be associated with passion are identity integration and identity styles. In two studies, we assessed these types of identity processes as determinants of passion. We expected the presence of positive associations between on the one hand informational identity style, identity integration, and their interaction term and HP on the other, and positive associations between normative identity style and OP. Participants in both studies (N1 = 107 and N2 = 135) completed the Identity Style Inventory-3, the Identity Integration subscale of the Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Passion Scale. In addition, in Study 2 we also looked at the relationships between passion and five indicators of the construct of Optimal Functioning in Society. Overall, results were consistent with our hypotheses.


The 1966 General Election saw a marked increase in the Social Credit vote and in the number of abstentions at the expense of both main parties. These sharp changes prompted the use of multiple regression techniques in an attempt to measure the magnitude and constancy of voting swings.


Using the 1970 one percent Public Use Sample tapes, the metropolitan/nonmetropolitan migration of persons age 60 and over are examined in this article. Between 1965 and 1970 they largely moved within the same general environmental settings. More than half of both intrastate and interstate migrants moved between or within metropolitan settings. Of the third who changed residential environments, 6% more moved from metropolitan to nonmetropolitan areas than the reverse. Thus, the turnaround is evident in these data. Concerning migrant characteristics, those moving to nonmetropolitan settings tended to be married and living independently. They also had more education and income than elderly nonmovers. They thus contributed to the gentrification of nonmetropolitan America. Some evidence of a more dependent elderly population moving to the metropolitan areas from outside them is seen in the data and its implications discussed.


The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, which inaugurated the "standards" movement in U.S. schools with the publication of the Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics in 1989, is taking a fresh look at its standards—not only for curriculum but for teaching and assessment as well.


In this study, the effects of a magnetic field on natural convection heat transfer in an enclosure filled with nanofluid are numerically investigated by using lattice Boltzmann method. The calculations were performed for a wide range of governing parameters. The results show that increase of Rayleigh number and nanoparticle volume fraction improves heat transfer in the enclosure, but an opposite trend is found when Hartmann number increases. The results also indicate that there are critical values for Raleigh number and the magnetic field orientation at which the impacts on flow and heat transfer are the most pronounced.


The compression of ice fields made up of thin floes is central to the processes of ice jam formation in northern rivers, pressure ridge formation in northern seas, and the dynamics of ice fields in Arctic and Antarctic marginal seas. This work describes the results of computer simulations in which a floating layer of circular floes, confined in a rectangular channel, is compressed by a pusher plate moving at a constant speed. The accuracy of the simulations is assessed by comparison with a series of similar physical experiments performed in a refrigerated basin. Following this comparison, the computer model is used to perform an extensive series of simulations to explore the effect of variations in channel length and width, the ratio of floe diameter to thickness, floe on floe friction coefficients, and the distribution of floe diameters on the force required to compress the floes. The results show that reducing the aspect ratio of the floes or increasing the friction coefficient increases the force needed to compress the floes. Both changes increase the force by changing the dominant failure mechanism in the layer of floes from rafting to underturning. Increasing channel width reduced the compressive force (per unit channel width) by reducing the relative importance of frictional drag at the channel edges. Last, the results of a simulation using a distribution of floe diameters was indistinguishable from those of a simulation using floes with a single diameter equal to the average diameter of the distribution.


ABSTRACT In recent years, the tourism industry has faced criticism by turning its attention to the development of more responsible tourism. This is a form of tourism that is mindful of the diverse needs of host communities, local business and the visitor. This paper investigates the development of more responsible tourism from the perspective of a popular tourist product – the self-guided trail or route. The trail or route provides a themed and interpreted journey through the urban or rural landscape, creating links between sites, attractions and other tourism businesses by providing information and storytelling along the way. These products have a global appeal and are becoming more prolific. Through a literature review on trails, the paper analyses their key characteristics and the rationales of developers and concludes that trails have the potential to contribute to more responsible tourism development. The paper proposes a series of planning principles which are derived from the literature and examples of good practice therein which may assist trail developers in creating more responsible tourism routes and trails. The discussion concludes with a case study of a project in Cornwall in the south-west of the UK, where responsible planning has underpinned recent trail development.


A thermal trip unit for a circuit breaker having a primary conductive path for conducting a load current is provided. The thermal trip unit comprises a shape memory alloy (SMA) member adapted to change from a first shape to a second shape at a predetermined thermal condition, a holding member coupled electrically in series with the circuit breaker primary conductive path, said holding member arranged to operatively support said SMA member, wherein said SMA member is configured and disposed within the circuit breaker to trigger a trip response of the circuit breaker at said predetermined thermal condition.


The spatial dynamics of vortex dipole nested in a Gaussian optical beam is analyzed with scalar diffraction theory. It is shown that the generation and annihilation of vortices are accompanied by extreme wave front distortions. Process of nucleation and annihilation of vortex dipole is considered to confirm the vortex aftereffect in the process of transformation of an aberration wave front into a singular one. After the vortex dipole annihilation the absolute values of the average and Gaussian curvatures increase greatly in the local areas of wave front. The phase reconstruction error increases in these areas in the process of wave front sensing. To investigate the features of the vortex aftereffect for simple field the light rays which take part in the combined translational and rotary motion of energy around the field zero-lines are constructed. The phase is computed as a potential of the optical field using the light rays. Integration of the phase gradient along the ray or energy-stream line allows a unique value of the phase to be connected with a point of the ray. Wave front of the beam is constructed from the computed phase. As in the vicinity of the vortex core the energy-stream line takes a spiral shape the phase incursion along the line increases. After the vortex annihilation and vanishing of the spiral shape the incursion remains and creates the vortex aftereffect in the form of the extreme wave front distortions. The revealed effect should be taken into account when constructing the systems of adaptive optics aimed at functioning in strong turbulence conditions.


African American and Latino college students were surveyed to examine the influence of involvement with faculty and mentoring on self-efficacy and academic achievement. It was hypothesized that involvement with faculty and mentoring were related to greater academic achievement. It was suggested that the relationship of these factors was mediated by self-efficacy. Involvement with faculty and self-efficacy were significantly related to academic achievement. The relationship between involvement with faculty and better academic achievement was partially explained by higher self-efficacy. Possible explanations for mentoring not being predictive of academic achievement in this sample were provided and the significance of faculty-student interactions was discussed.


In this work, we prepared porous silicon (pSi) nanostructures decorated with gold nanoparticles, as probes for cell tissue imaging under two‐photon excitation. We also demonstrated that the Au/pSi nanosystems induced cytotoxicity and phototoxicity under two‐photon excitation.


FIELD: organic chemistry, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to derivatives of N-phenyl-2-pyrimidineamine of the formula (I) where R 0 - hydrogen, halogen atom, lower alkoxy-group or lower alkyl; R 1 means N-aminoalkylcarbamoyl, N-hydroxyalkylcarbamoyl, hydrazino-, cyclohexylamino-group possibly substituted with amino-, piperazinyl-, morpholinyl- or alkylamino-group that inhibit protein kinase activity at high selectivity degree. EFFECT: improved method of synthesis, high selective inhibition. 15 cl, 1 tbl, 29 ex


This study aims to describe the implementation of student management in Islamic Senior High Schools (Madrasah Aliyah Negeri). This research was conducted at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri (MAN) 1 Serang as one of the State Madrasah Aliyah in Banten Province. A descriptive qualitative approach was used as the method in this study. The data were collected through three techniques from Miles and Huberman: observation, interview, and documentation. Direct interviews were conducted with the principal, vice-principal for curriculum, vice-principal for student affairs, and teachers as informants. Study data were analyzed using three stages: reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The study findings describe that the implementation of student management in the school is exemplary. This study concludes that student management that has been implemented is optimal in supporting 21st-century learning. The research findings recommend that student management be implemented based on moral nature.


Approximately 10% of neonates require assistance transitioning from intrauterine to extrauterine environments. Applying these interventions requires accurate monitoring of vitals such as heart and respiratory rates. However, the current methods of these vital measurements require many devices to be attached to the neonates, resulting in rather intrusive methods that could even harm the neonates if not administered properly. This pilot study investigates the possibility of applying signal processing along with automated machine learning and deep learning models to estimate heart rate from respiratory signals recorded using inductance bands. The best machine learning model can get an average MAE of 10.15 BPM, and the best deep learning model at 10.88 BPM. The advantage of applying such a method would be reducing devices attached to neonates while preserving estimation accuracy.


Abstract 805 Background: As an intense therapy delivered with curative intent, with substantial risk for life-threatening toxicity, stem cell transplant (SCT) may uniquely impact the end-of-life (EOL) experience of children who undergo SCT but do not survive. Despite this, very little is known about the EOL experience of such children. Objective: To evaluate patterns of and parent and physician perspectives on EOL care for children after SCT. Methods: We evaluated parent and physician perspectives and patterns of EOL care via a retrospective, cross-sectional survey of 141 parents of children who died of cancer, and primarily received care at one of two tertiary care pediatric institutions (response rate 64%). Chart review provided additional information. Children for whom SCT was the last cancer therapy (n=31) were compared with those for whom it was not (non-SCT, n=110). Results: The SCT group included 22/31 (71%) allogeneic and 9/31 (29%) autologous SCT. The median (IQR) interval between last cancer treatment and death was 65 (30-127) days (SCT group) and 25 (8-59) days (non-SCT group) (p Conclusions: SCT is associated with significant suffering and less opportunity to recognize and prepare for EOL. Given the high morbidity and mortality associated with SCT and the shorter timeframes, children and families undergoing SCT may benefit from ongoing discussions regarding prognosis, goals and opportunities to maximize quality of life. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


During the 1970s there were some marked shifts in the occupational composition of the Australian workforce. It is sometimes argued that these had a particularly adverse effect on migrants. However we conclude that the structural pressures of the early 70s had only a minor impact on the relative labour market performances of different birthplace groups in Australia. The analysis involves the construction of a measure of the incidence of the costs of structural change. The correlation between the measure applied to birthplace groups and various indicators of their labour market performances is found to be low.


This paper explores optimal monetary policy when current account dynamics is taken into consideration in a sticky-price intertemporal optimising model. It investigates how monetary policies affect current account movement in a two-country model. The main issues addressed include: 1) what factors affect the current account dynamics in response to technology and monetary shocks in a two-country open economy; 2) how should the monetary authority respond to these shocks to maximise the welfare of the household. Using a non-linear solution method, we find that the current account dynamics depends critically on the intratemporal and intertemporal elasticities of substitution, the degree of monopolistic competition, the degree of Local Currency Pricing (LCP) and the type of shocks. With sluggish price adjustment among firms, the home monetary authority will choose an expansionary monetary policy when facing a home technological improvement. If a supranational monetary authority is to choose an optimal monetary policy for both countries, the welfare gain from the expansionary monetary policy for both home and foreign counties is quantitatively small.


This study uses a combination of molecular approaches, in vivo imaging of fluorescent proteins, and structural analysis by electron tomography to study the synthesis and transport of storage proteins in aleurone cells. It describes an unusual autophagic mechanism for the delivery of storage proteins to the vacuole that may be common to cereals. Zeins, the prolamin storage proteins found in maize (Zea mays), accumulate in accretions called protein bodies inside the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of starchy endosperm cells. We found that genes encoding zeins, α-globulin, and legumin-1 are transcribed not only in the starchy endosperm but also in aleurone cells. Unlike the starchy endosperm, aleurone cells accumulate these storage proteins inside protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) instead of the ER. Aleurone PSVs contain zein-rich protein inclusions, a matrix, and a large system of intravacuolar membranes. After being assembled in the ER, zeins are delivered to the aleurone PSVs in atypical prevacuolar compartments that seem to arise at least partially by autophagy and consist of multilayered membranes and engulfed cytoplasmic material. The zein-containing prevacuolar compartments are neither surrounded by a double membrane nor decorated by AUTOPHAGY RELATED8 protein, suggesting that they are not typical autophagosomes. The PSV matrix contains glycoproteins that are trafficked through a Golgi-multivesicular body (MVB) pathway. MVBs likely fuse with the multilayered, autophagic compartments before merging with the PSV. The presence of similar PSVs also containing prolamins and large systems of intravacuolar membranes in wheat (Triticum aestivum) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) starchy endosperm suggests that this trafficking mechanism may be common among cereals.


Lactic acid bacteria are commensal members of the gut microbiota and are postulated to promote host health. Secreted factors and cell surface components from Lactobacillus species have been shown to modulate the host immune system. However, the precise role of L. reuteri secreted factors and surface proteins in influencing dendritic cells (DCs) remains uncharacterized.


The sample selected as an analytical standard is a claybearing nannofossil ooze that is typical of much of the sediment recovered during the cruise. The sample was obtained from a 6.2-m experimental core recovered at Site 602. This core was too intensely disturbed to be useful for sediment lithology or stratigraphy studies (see Site 602 Chapter, this volume) so portions of it were homogenized for use as an analytical standard. The standard sediment sample was prepared as follows. Approximately 2.5 kg of wet sediment from Core 602 were freeze dried; the solid residue was then homogenized and split using a sample divider. Half of this material was further subdivided, and 10-g portions were sent to each laboratory that had expressed an intention to conduct sediment geochemistry analyses on Leg 92 sediments. The remaining material has been retained at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor; portions of this are available on request. Five laboratories returned results, which are summarized in Tables 1 and 2. The principal investigator, laboratory affiliation, and letter code used for each laboratory in the tables are as follows: V. Marchig, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany (BGR); J. Erzinger, Mineralogy-Petrology Institute, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Federal Republic of Germany (JLU): M. Lyle, College of Oceanography, Oregon State University (OSU); M. Leinen, Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island (URI); R. Owen, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science, The University of Michigan (UM). Whenever two or more laboratories reported a result for the same parameter, we calculated a simple arithmetic mean value and reported it in Tables 1 and 2. These Table 1. Major element composition of standard sediment sample (wt.%).


Metallic nanoparticles such as gold (AuNPs), silver (AgNPs), and titania nanoparticles (TiO2), have been at the forefront of research, as they offer tremendous potential for applications such as electronic, optical, sensor and catalytic materials. A wide range of techniques have been used to synthesize these nanoparticles in different solid mediums, such as glass [1], metallic [2] and polymeric films [3] to realize new applications. However, the development of simpler and more direct methods and structures is still needed to readily generate the desired size, shape, and adsorption of nanoparticles.


Heterogeneous reaction pathways involving water droplets in clouds and fogs are important mechanisms for chemical transformation of atmospheric trace gases. One of the fundamental parameters which determines the transfer rate of gases into aqueous droplets is the mass accommodation or "sticking" coefficient for gas molecules on the droplet surfaces. We have developed a laboratory method for directly determining mass accommodation coefficients (γ) and have applied it to SO2. The method combines a monodisperse droplet stream, generated at a vibrating orifice, with a low-pressure flow reactor. The uptake of the trace gas by the droplets is determined by measuring changes in gas phase concentrations, using tunable diode laser absorption, as the droplet stream is turned on and off. Results for SO2 give a value of γ = (5.4 ± 0.6) × 10−2 at room temperature (295 K). However, this observed value for γ is likely a lower limit to the true mass accommodation coefficient because of limitations imposed by the rate of gas phase diffusion of SO2 to the droplets and by the rate of hydrolysis of SO2 at the droplet surface. This measurement indicates that SO2 transport into clean aqueous cloud and fog droplets will not be limited by interfacial mass transport under normal atmospheric conditions.


Rating curve estimation (height-stream relation) made by hydrometric stations representing cross-sections of a river is one of hydrometrics? fundamental task...


This study was carried out to investigate the histological changes that occurred in the liver of Iraqi Quail (Coturnix coturnix) of two postnatal ages. To obtain this target, specimens from liver were collected from twenty birds at one and fifty postnatal ages were set as group G1( ten birds) and G2(ten birds) respectively. The specimens were fixed with 10% neutral buffered formalin for subsequent aspects of routine processing such as dehydration, clearing ,embedding and block preparation.section of 6um were prepared and stained with routine hematoxylin –eosin (H& E) The histological examination of liver that revealed many events occurred with progress of age. The hepatocytes and portal triad differed in size among the developed ages. Hepatocytes were arranged as irregular anastomosing cords of two cells. The cords were separated from each other's by blood sinusoids. The hepatocytes were large polygonal cells with large rounded nuclei. The portal triads containing branches of hepatic artery, portal vein, bile duct and lymph vessels. Hepatic lobules were no observed at G1 and G2.


Ahmadiyya as a minor belief is not a new community in Indonesia. Since reformation era, their existence experiences controversies as well as oppositions from the society. From desk research and literature review method, this paper aims to describe the ways prejudice toward Ahmadiyya community emerge and draw the role of communication in connecting the major and minor community in Indonesia. This paper discusses the violence against the Ahmadiyya in Indonesia through communication perspective. The concept of prejudice expression from GW Allport (1954) and Samovar (2013) in this paper shows that violence experienced by Ahmadiyya is already at the stage of extermination rather than only at discrimination stage.