Aiming at the problem of low stiffness of aerostatic bearing, according to the principle of gas-solid coupling, this paper designs a kind of aerostatic thrust bearing with elastic equalizing pressure groove (EEPG) and investigates the effect of elastic equalizing pressure groove (EEPG) on the stiffness of aerostatic bearing. According to the physical model of the bearing, one deduces the deformation control equation of the elastic equalizing pressure groove and the control equation of gas lubrication, using finite difference method to derive the control equations and coupling calculation. The bearing capacity and stiffness of aerostatic bearing with EEPG in different gas film clearance are obtained. The calculation results show that the stiffness increased by 59%. The results of numerical calculation and experimental results have good consistency, proving the gas-solid coupling method can improve the bearing stiffness.


Oriented cell growth requires the specification of a site for polarized growth and subsequent orientation of the cytoskeleton towards this site. During mating, haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells orient their growth in response to a pheromone gradient overriding an internal landmark for polarized growth, the bud site. This response requires Cdc24p, Far1p, and a heterotrimeric G-protein. Here we show that a two- hybrid interaction between Cdc24p and Gβ requires Far1p but not pheromone-dependent MAP-kinase signaling, indicating Far1p has a role in regulating the association of Cdc24p and Gβ. Binding experiments demonstrate that Cdc24p, Far1p, and Gβ form a complex in which pairwise interactions can occur in the absence of the third protein. Cdc24p localizes to sites of polarized growth suggesting that this complex is localized. In the absence of CDC24-FAR1-mediated chemotropism, a bud site selection protein, Bud1p/Rsr1p, is essential for morphological changes in response to pheromone. These results suggest that formation of a Cdc24p-Far1p-Gβγ complex functions as a landmark for orientation of the cytoskeleton during growth towards an external signal.


Different approaches to the definition of "social entrepreneurship" are analyzed. The role of social entrepreneurship in the field of organic agriculture is determined. There are several opportunities for the development of the social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are found out. The components of successful development of organic agriculture on the basis of social entrepreneurship in Ukraine are listed. It is illustrated the international and domestic examples of the successful social enterprises. The project of the social enterprise in the sphere of organic production is offered.


The lunar impact claimed by Zuluaga et al. (2019) during the total eclipse of 21 January has been discussed widely by his research group, introducing some results from the technique of gravitational ray-tracing. A similar event of magnitude 6 was observed visually by the author during the eclipse of 19 years before, that was published under the name of Padua event (Sigismondi and Imponente, 2000a,b) and a video was obtained independently by Gary Emerson (Cudnik, 2002) in the US at the same time. The remarkable repetition of such a phenomenon after 19 years deserves some investigation about known active meteor shower on Jan 21 with radiant comprised between the solar longitude 300.7 degrees of January 21 and +/- 60 degrees and declination also departing no more than 60 degrees from the solar one. The amount of 60 degrees is the FWHM of a simple modulated probability model on the visibility of a lunar meteor impact with the cosine of the angle comprised between the line of sight and the normal to the lunar surface. The candidate of this search is the daytime shower Sgr/Cap DSC115 with meteoroid velocities around 26 km/s.


Ionospheric patches are islands of plasma transiting the polar cap, with density at least double the surrounding background plasma. Since their discovery 25 years ago, many mechanisms for their production have been proposed and examined. However all of these mechanisms consider only electric fields and charged particles as candidate mechanisms for patch formation, particularly transient changes in these electrodynamic terms. Here for the first time, we call attention to the role of thermospheric dynamics in Patch formation. We show that the thermospheric response to transient heating events near the cusp must significantly increase exospheric densities over the cusp, and also that a plausible doubling of these densities near and above 400 km altitude leads to a new patch production mechanism. The underlying processes must drive a solar cycle variation of how many hours UT experience strong polar patches and scintillation. These processes must be added to present thinking and modeling.


The objective of this research was to determine the effect of dietary
organic zinc (Zn) supplementation on egg quality of laying quail. Organic
zinc was supplemented in the diet with the levels of 0, 1, 3, and 5% from
percentage of premix. Two hundreds eighty-eight Japanese quails were
randomly plotted into four treatments with four replications and 18 birds
per replication. The variables of egg quail measured were egg weight,
albumen percentage, albumen index, yolk percentage, yolk index,
albumen pH, yolk pH, egg shell strength, egg shell thickness, egg shell
percentage, and yolk colour. Result in current study showed that 3%
organic Zn supplementation increased (P<0,05) egg shell strength.
However, supplementation of 0, 1, 3, and 5% organic Zn did not affect
egg weight, albumen percentage, albumen index, yolk percentage, yolk
index, pH albumen, pH yolk, egg shell thickness, egg shell percentage,
and yolk colour.
Key words: Organic Zn, Laying quails, Egg quality


Purpose: Alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) is a widely used serological marker that is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although the level of AFP is increased in HCC, its sensitivity for diagnosis is poor because AFP levels are also increased in liver diseases. Changes in glycoform, especially fucosylation, have been reported to be associated with the development of HCC.


: A model based on carrier rate equations is proposed to evaluate the gain saturation and predict the dependence of the output power of a terahertz master-oscillator power-amplifier quantum cascade laser (THz-MOPA-QCL) on the material and structure parameters. The model reveals the design rules of the preamplifier and the power extractor to maximize the output power and the wall-plug efficiency. The correction of the model is verified by its agreement with the experiment results. The optimized MOPA devices exhibit single-mode emission at ∼ 2.6 THz with a side mode suppression ratio of 23 dB, a pulsed output power of 153 mW, a wall-plug efficiency of 0.22%, and a low divergence angle of ∼ 6° × 16°, all measured at an operation temperature of 77 K. The model developed here is helpful for the design of MOPA devices and semiconductor optical amplifiers, in which the active region is based on intersubband transitions. For all in agreement the


Arguably one of the biggest issues facing medical students in Western Australia is the ever-increasing cost of living. When starting my first degree in 1999 (yes, it's been a while), I was paying $90 a week to rent a one-bedroom unit near the city, fuel cost less than 80 cents a litre and my weekly grocery bills were a fraction of what I pay now. Since then, living expenses for university students in WA have skyrocketed, with the average rental price increasing by more than 10% per year since 2005, substantially more than the inflation rate.


Measure of uniformity is essential for constructing uniform design.Based on the distance concept,one kind of new distance function-potential function is introduced and used to measure the uniformity of points distributed in a general convex polyhedron. Numerical examples and multivariate Kendall concordance coefficient of multivariate test indicate when the experimental region is limited to the unit cube,potential function is consistent with centered L_2- discrepancy and wrap-around L_2-discrepancy which are often used to measure uniformity in existing literatures.


Disclosed is a method to manufacture a carbon composite structure. First, a polymer nano fiber net is provided. The polymer nano fiber net is thermal oxidized to form an oxidized nano fiber net. The oxidized nano fiber net and an oxidized micro fiber net are stacked and impregnated in a resin. The resin is oxidized. Finally, the oxidized nano fiber net, the oxidized micro fiber net, and the oxidized resin are carbonized at a high temperature to form the carbon composite structure.


An algorithm based on fast Hartley transform, which is faster than the fast Fourier transform (FFT), has been developed to detect seismic events, using both amplitude and frequency information. A single digital data stream is used to obtain a 32-point Hartley transform. The transform values are converted into a characteristic value which in turn is compared with a threshold value to declare an event. Frequency discrimination is made by using a selected portion of the Hartley transform bandwidth.


The objective of the study was to determine the agreement of cardiac output (CO) measured by four‐dimensional echocardiography (4D echo) to simultaneously obtain CO from pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) using thermodilution technique.


The measurement of ozone in the atmosphere has become increasingly important over the past two decades. Significant increases of ozone concentrations in the lower atmosphere, or troposphere, and decreases in the upper atmosphere, or stratosphere, have been attributed to man-made causes. High ozone concentrations in the troposphere pose a health hazard to plants and animals and can add to global warming. On the other hand, ozone in the stratosphere serves as a protective barrier against strong ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun. Man-made CFC's (chlorofluorocarbons) act as a catalyst with a free oxygen atom and an ozone molecule to produce two oxygen molecules therefore depleting the protective layer of ozone in the stratosphere. The beneficial and harmful effects of ozone require the study of ozone creation and destruction processes in the atmosphere. Therefore, to provide an accurate model of these processes, an ozone lidar system must be able to be used frequently with as large a measurement range as possible. Various methods can be used to measure atmospheric ozone concentrations. These include different airborne and balloon measurements, solar occulation satellite techniques, and the use of lasers in lidar (high detection and ranging,) systems to probe the atmosphere. Typical devices such as weather balloons can only measure within the direct vicinity of the instrument and are therefore used infrequently. Satellites use solar occulation techniques that yield low horizontal and vertical resolution column densities of ozone.


Clitoria ternatea is widely distributed throughout the humid, lowland tropics of Africa, Asia and Central America. A composite line has been released for Australian conditions as a pasture species, cover or hay crop (Hall 1992). This experiment evaluated Clitoria (CPI 47187) as either a sole diet or as a supplement to mature speargrass (Heteropogon contortus) for effects on intake, digestibility, liveweight change and wool growth. For comparison Stylothanthes hamata cv. Verano was also fed as a supplement to speargrass. Thirty-six Merino wethers were fed Verano and grass chaff for a six-week pre-treatment period, then offered one of six chaffed diets: (1) 100% speargrass, (2) 10% Clitoria:90% speargrass, (3) 20% Clitoria:80% speargrass, (4) 40% Clitoria: 60% speargrass, (5) 100% Clitoria, and (6) 20% Verano:80% speargrass for six weeks. Feed offered was adjusted daily so that residues for each animal were approximately 100 g/day. Liveweights were measured weekly. Wool growth was determined by clipping delineated mid-side patches at three-weekly intervals for the duration of the experiment. During the last eight days of the experiment faeces were collected for the determination of digestibility. The results for weight changes, intake and wool growth are shown in Table 1; wool growth was adjusted for pre-treatment wool growth.


Abstract 4410 To provide quality HPC products for transplantation, harvests of bone marrow (BM), Peripheral Blood Stem Cells (PBSCs) and Cord Blood (CB) are routinely cryopreserved by gradual cooling from ambient temperature to −90°C using Controlled Rate Freezing (CRF) systems before placement in liquid/vapor nitrogen storage. CRF systems generally utilize a freezing chamber and computer-controlled freezing cycle with an established sequence of steps where timing, target temperatures and cooling rates are defined. System failures that endanger product quality may occur due to impurities in liquid nitrogen, mechanical/software problems and probe malfunction. A more convenient and economical freezing may be performed by simple "passive freezing" (PF) where products are placed directly into an ultra-low freezer (−80°C). Continuous temperature monitoring during the freeze process is achieved using individual data loggers. In the PF process, products remain undisturbed during the freeze process, and are removed for placement in liquid/vapor nitrogen storage when the target product temperature is reached (−80°C). Probe specific freezing curves are generated from downloaded data logger information. In an internal validation study, the St. Louis Cord Blood Bank (SLCBB) investigated quality and safety of HPC products cryopreserved using this PF method. Evaluation was based on the analysis of freezing kinetics, post-thaw cell recoveries, and available transplant outcome data in reference to those obtained by the conventional CRF method. A total of twelve (12) red blood cell and plasma reduced CB products cryopreserved in 10% DMSO/Dextran by PF were thawed according to a validated albumin/dextran reconstitution thaw method. Compared to the programmed CRF system, PF product cooling rate to a temperature of −60°C was faster (1.2– 2.0°C/min compared to 1°C/min), ultimately followed by slower cooling rate to a product target temperature of −80°C (approximately 0.4°C/min compared to 10°C/min). The kinetics of PF curves resulted in longer freezing cycles with an average freeze time of 180 minutes compared to 80 minutes by CRF method. Post-thaw cell recoveries of the PF data set were comparable to those obtained from an established thaw control group of RBC and plasma reduced CB cryopreserved by CRF system (n = 25). Average percent recoveries for CB products cryopreserved by PF methodology compared to CRF system were reported as follows, respectively: viable nucleated cells (NC) by trypan blue = 84% +/− 5% compared to 71% +/− 6%, viable (7AAD) CD34+ cells = 67% +/− 7% compared to 63% +/− 15%, and colony forming unit (CFU) = 73% +/− 7% compared to 72% +/− 14%. Subsequently, the SLCBB reviewed post-thaw cell recoveries of ten (10) PBSC harvests cryopreserved by PF and thawed at the SLCBB for clinical transplantation. Similar to the CB evaluation, results indicated a high quality HPC product post-thaw with average percent recoveries reported as follows: viable nucleated cells (NC) by trypan blue = 79% +/− 10%, viable (7AAD) CD34+ cells = 81.2% +/− 20.2, and CFU = 73.6% +/− 21.9%. All PBSC products were thawed and infused with no reports of infusion-related adverse events. These PBSC products engrafted shortly within predicted time; absolute neutrophil count (ANC) > 500/uL was reported within 12 days, while platelets > 20,000/uL was achieved within 22 days. Retrospective review of more than 1,800 CB products distributed by the SLCBB for transplant showed that five (5) PF products were transplanted as singlet products to treat patients with myeloid malignancies. Transplant outcome data received by CIBMTR for those cases indicated 100% success of engraftment and 100% survival at 100 days post-infusion. Engraftment data reports indicated ANC > 500 was achieved within 6–30 days, and platelet count > 20,000 was achieved within 25–163 days. The transplant outcome of PF product is comparable to that reported historically for CRF CB products. Conclusions: In vitro results and clinical findings support the quality and safety of HPC products cryopreserved using PF methodology and would recommend PF as valid alternative to the use of CRF systems. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


As an effective computing mode, the cloud computing is provided with many economic characteristics since its invention, including utility market characteristic of computing resource, scale economics of cloud market and payment characteristic of resource supply. The supply-demand relation is reflected and mediated by the price escalation in the economics, which is applicable to the dynamic resource dispatching characteristic of cloud environment. The article here provides the study of the resource supply strategy in the cloud computing based on double auction and bidding mechanism of the economics, and the PSO is integrated to achieve the maximization of business volume and benefits.


Introduction: Endovascular Therapy (EVT) has become standard care for selected acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with a proximal emergent large vessels occlusion (ELVO), such as occlusion in ter...


Reaction of PdCl2 with [9]aneS3(1,4,7-trithiacyclononane) in MeCN–CH2Cl2(3 : 1 v/v) afforded cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)Cl2] which can be converted into a range of half-sandwich palladium(II) complexes cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)Cl(L)]PF6[L = PPh3 or P(C6H11)3] and cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)L][PF6]2{L = 2PPh3, Ph2PCH2PPh2(dppm), Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2(dppe), (Ph2PCH2)3CMe, (Ph2PCH2)2[Ph2P(O)CH2]2 CMe, 2,2′-bipyridine (bipy) or 1,10-phenanthroline (phen)}. The single-crystal structures of cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)Cl(PPh3)]PF6 and cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)L][PF6]2{L = 2PPh3, dppm, (Ph2PCH2)2[Ph2P(O)CH2]CMe, bipy or phen} have been determined. They all show square-planar co-ordination of PdII by L and two S-donors of [9]aneS3, as well as an additional apical interaction with the third S-donor of [9]aneS3, Pd ⋯ Sap 2.990(2)A for cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)Cl(PPh3)]PF6, 2.948(13)A for cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)(phen)][PF6]2, 2.877(3)A for cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)(PPh3)2][PF6]2, 2.808(13)A for cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)(bipy)][PF6]2, 2.722(4) and 2.768(5)A for the two independent molecules of cis-[Pd([9]aneS3){(Ph2PCH2)2[Ph 2P(O)CH2]CMe}][PF6]2 and 2.698(3)A for cis-[Pd([9]aneS3)(dppm)][PF6]2. In the solid state there is, therefore, a general tendency for the third S-donor of [9]aneS3 to form a long-range apical interaction giving overall five-co-ordination at PdII. The length of this interaction is influenced strongly by the electronic properties of the ligand L and by the overall charge of the complex cation. The redox properties of these complexes are discussed.


Details of the synthesis of polycolide from glycolide by the ring-opening polymerization with different catalyst were described.The key factors affecting the polymer molecular weight were found to be the purity of monomer,catalyst concentration and polymerization time.Polyglycolide with good properties was synthesized.As the same time,the optimum technological process was given.


The utility model relates to a large capacity underground oil reservoir. A reservoir body is in a cylindrical shape. A reservoir body foundation is formed into an integer by a pile foundation, an anchor rod, concrete and a steel deck. A reservoir body cylinder wall is composed of a screen surrounding pile, the concrete and the steel deck, and is anchor fixed by the anchor rod. A reservoir body bottom is composed of the pile foundation, a reinforced concrete floor and the steel deck. The reservoir body adopts an inner floating roof structure, and the reservoir body top adopts a prestressed dome structure for closure. The large capacity underground oil reservoir has the advantages of stable foundation, high integral strength, high quality steel content conservation, weld proportion reduction and weld quality enhancement, has the characteristics of large oil storage capacity, high safe reliability, small occupied area, constant temperature, fire protection, explosion protection, lightning protection, earthquake resistance, static resistance, small influence on environment, low construction cost, little maintenance cost, long use period, easy prevention on serious accident occurrence, etc., and is suitable for large capacity underground oil storage construction in different regions under different geological conditions.


Today as in earlier periods, farce is a much-maligned form of performance. In the early eighteenth century, it was derided as the nonsensically trivial, overly-embodied, and overly-commercial other to more ostensibly legitimate theater, even though it had become an integral and popular feature of the patent stage.1 Throughout the Restoration, as Peter Holland has shown, "farce" was a particularly damaging appellation to have acquired, though after the increased theatrical competitiveness of the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a competitiveness that focused the purpose and place of farce in the entertainment economy, it became more defensible (123). In early use of the term, farce typically referred to the looser collection of entr'acte performances of dancing or stage business literally farced2 into a play, or provincial amusements able to evade pre-Restoration anti-theatrical legislation. With the number of French and Italian troupes performing at court after 1660, the form began to emerge as an "uneasy harmony" of the popular and the aristocratic (Holland 115). Farce could be increasingly characterized as a theatrical genre-shorter pieces, typically mined from other plays, the primary goals of which are to produce body-shaking laughter by reveling in the exploration of physical wit. Disguise, "grimace," buffoonery, trickery, and intense theatricality, often enabled through (momentary) social inversion, are key elements of farce; it is this embodied aspect of farce that is most frequently the target of critique. Such plays quickly lost many of their aristocratic associations and won a secure place in the legitimate commercial theater. During this period, the form began to be consolidated on the English stage as popular entertainment;3 as Dryden notes in his Preface to An Evening's Love (1671), "Farces more commonly take the People than Comedies" (203). After the turn of the century, especially with the consolidation of John Rich's empire at Lincoln's Inn Fields, English stages adopted the French tradition of the theatrical bill, and farce became an increasingly necessaiy supplement to the regular five-act drama. The absence of a popular farcical afterpiece in the bill rendered the evening incomplete, and this was a very sore spot to many commentators seeking to validate the ostensibly elevating and nationalist purpose of the legitimate theater. More self-described farces, often written by actors themselves, were performed and printed, though the designation "farce" was never without its tensions or ambivalences. A lightning rod for debates about the purpose of the stage and who has access to its powerful publicity, farce continued a critical target-in large part because of its centrality in the theatrical economy of the early eighteenth century and its apparent lack of reformative agenda. Even today, many scholars make no scruple to dismiss its value.This essay approaches farce from a perspective that foregrounds the creative agency of the body on stage. At the center of these plays is often an elaborate trick, focused on the abasement or embarrassment of a particular body; the trick provides not only an opportunity for physical comedy, but also a performative site that uncannily doubles that of the logic of theatrical performance and spectatorship itself. In this doubled site of play, the abased body of the tricked becomes a sign of the farce being performed, and the trickster, a director orchestrating the trick-as-play for the assembled spectators both on the stage and in the audience beyond. Ultimately, I argue, farce figures the play of embodiment as a significant site of creativity. Approaching these plays from a perspective open to the possibility that farce has an aesthetic consciousness highlights the ideologies implicit in our historical and continuing denigration of the form.Broadly, farce has a penchant for transforming scenes of brutality and affliction into scenes of entertainment. …


1. Machine (1) for cutting food, especially bread, comprising: an outdoor casing (2); at least one frame (3, 4) supporting a plurality of blades (5), parallel to each other, guide means (6) of said the frame (3, 4), which determine the direction (X) of movement of said frames (3, 4), means (7) of the actuator, operatively connectable to said guide means (6) provided for the variable displacement of said frames (3, 4) opposite directions with respect to said direction (X) of movement, wherein Thu said frame (3, 4) and said guide means (6) are supported by the support structure (8) is detachably connectable to said connecting means (9) .2 casing (2). Machine (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that said means (7) of the actuator are connectable to said guide means (6) removable connecting means (14) .3. Machine (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that said connecting means (9) define for said supporting structure (8) a compound of the trajectory extending from the connection position in which said supporting structure (8) can be stably coupled to said casing ( 2) to a release position, wherein said supporting structure (8) can be removed from said housing (2) .4. Machine (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that said connecting means (9) comprise a protruding member (10, 11) and a guide slot (12, 13) respectively relating to said casing (2) and said supporting structure (8 ) or vice versa, said guide slot (12, 13) allowing sliding of said containment protruding element (10, 11)


In this position paper, I take up Herbert Marcuse's notion of the 'great refusal' to describe several phenomena that can be subsumed under the concept of a 'politics of forms of life', especially in the context of the revolts of 1968: projects like communes, anti-authoritarian childcare centers, solidary sub-economies and many more. After naming some shared characteristics of politics of forms of life, I defend a politicization of forms of life against a liberal critique as well as hint at specific challenges. Finally, I suggest which insights of past politics of forms of life I find to be most relevant for a revitalization of critical theory today.


Diagnosis of myeloid malignancies with erythroid hyperplasia may sometimes confront hematologists with a mathematical dilemma, if cut-off criteria of blast percentage as proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) 2008 Classification are applied. Several questions have been raised regarding differentiation of acute erythroid leukemia (AEL) from myelodysplastic syndrome with erythroid hyperplasia and some aspects still remain unclear. This paper discusses the differential diagnosis and presents our own experience in a series of patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Although the diagnostic criteria of AEL have been repeatedly refined, it remains a diagnosis primarily based on morphology and on exclusion criteria. Many of the cases designated before 2001 as AEL, actually fit into other disease categories, most often into myelodysplasia related changes - acute myeloid leukemia.


The characteristics of polymer dispersed liquid crystal(PDLC) and holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal(H-PDLC) volume grating are introduced.Based on the novel H-PDLC volume gratings,series-connecting dynamic gain equalizer design is provided.Furthermore,simulations are made about wavelength selectivity of H-PDLC grating at(1550 nm) and the function of H-PDLC dynamic gain equalizer.The calculation results show that when suitable grating parameters of H-PDLC are selected,half spectral width of grating is about(10 nm) at central wavelength of(1550 nm.) And the fluctuation of spontaneous emission spectra of erbium-doped fiber amplifier(EDFA) can decrease from(3.3 dB) to(0.1 dB) within(1530 nm) to(1560 nm) based on H-PDLC dynamic gain equalizer.


Thanks to new imaging technologies, the coronary arteries now can be visualized noninvasively. In a German study of 103 patients with suspected


Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the implementation of the official WeChat account, the most popular mobile social media site in China, to share Jinan University Library collections and services to students, faculty and staff. The implementation, experience and issues have implications for academic libraries and other institutions to run and improve social media tools.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a case study, which elaborates on the implementation process of the official WeChat account, including project group establishment, account application and management, users' needs analysis, WeChat secondary development and model of development.

Findings

The official WeChat account has already engaged a population of followers who are able to directly access library resources and service via their mobile device. The social media tool is an effective approach to promote library services and to enhance relationships between the library and its users. The issues appear during the process of WeChat implementation and promotion, which requires WeChat's provider, third-party application vendors and the library to work together to solve.

Originality/value

The implementation of official WeChat account has practical implications for academic libraries and other institutions to conduct it and similar social media tools, such as Sina Weibo, Facebook and Line. In particular, it is beneficial for academic libraries outside China which desire to use WeChat to engage Chinese international students. Additionally, it provides insight into the future effort on social media promotion, secondary development and cooperation within the social networking industry.


Objectives: (1) To compare the presentation of social phobia in two different cultures; (2) to determine the effect of different social situations on the subjects and (3) to find out which, if any, other anxiety disorders were associated with social phobia. Methods: The study compared social phobia in two different cultures: Saudi Arabia and Scotland. Twenty-one Saudi social phobia patients from the Riyadh Armed Forces Hospital and Riyadh Psychiatric Hospital and 21 Scots from the Royal Edinburgh Hospital were compared using a structured interview (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Revised) ADIS (R) over 4 years 1988-1992. Results: (1) The age at assessment and the course of the disorder is different, Saudis are much younger with shorter illnesses; (2) the Scottish group have much greater anticipatory fear; (3) the Saudi group feel easier when they are with younger people, while age has no effect in the Scottish group and (4) when compared with the Saudi group the Scottish group had more panic attacks, more history of depression, more agoraphobia, more history of abusing alcohol and of using psychiatric drugs. Conclusions: Social and cultural differences have some effect on social phobia in terms of age at treatment, duration of illness, panic disorder, depression, alcohol problems and some social situations. Social phobia is a disorder commonly associated with other anxiety and psychiatric disorders.


Religious hybridity points to the religiosity of individuals who are anchored in one religious system while involved at various levels through affiliation, participation, belonging, or allegiance to other religious traditions. If religious hybridity presents some Christological challenges for African theology, it also brings some opportunities since the persistence of religious hybridity reflects particular aspects of Christian teachings or practices which need further reflections and/or actions. Some areas of the Christian teaching or rituals do not seem to provide sufficient or satisfactory answers to some African Christians who therefore feel the need to retain elements of their traditional religions. African Christian theology is compelled to respond to those unmet needs which are mainly the demands for a genuine inculturation of transitional rites, a more holistic approach to healing, and a proactive engagement with the social reality. The palaver model can be a useful tool to approach those issues.


With signing and taking effect of ECFA,together with the Policy of building the economic zone on the west coast of the Taiwan Straits coming into being,the cooperation of Fujian and Taiwan economy is facing a new turning point.On the basis of analyzing the development characteristics of service industry between Fujian and Taiwan,the paper also explores the existing foundation of its exchange and cooperation and the restraining factors.In addition,the article puts forward a new modality for cooperation with the emphasis on development of modern service industry in order to make every effort to build up Fujian into an experimental region for economy cooperation between Fujian and Taiwan.


PrefaceIntroduction: Fiction as a Mirror of CulturePart I. Exposing the Divine: 1790s-1850s1. Faltering Fathers and Devious Divines: Popular Images2. Clerics in Contention: Church Images3. Vulnerable Divines: Radical ImagesPart II. Discrediting the Divine: 1860s-1920s4. Compulsives and Accommodators: Popular Images (1)5. Con Men in Collars and Heroes of the Cloth: Popular Images (2)6. Activist Preachers and Th eir Detractors: Popular Images (3)7. Champions of the Faith: Church Images8. Foundering Divines: Radical Images (1)9. Flawed Divines: Radical Images (2)Part III. The Legacy: 1930s-2000s10. Fallen Divines: Some Contemporary ImagesConclusion. The Legacy of the Displaced DivineNotesBibliographyIndex


There is ongoing conceptual controversy between mandatory and voluntary continuing education (CE) for relicensure of nurses. This controversy was studied by Arneson in 1979 and 1981, but not reported until 1985. This present research is a replication of Arneson's studies. The study addresses nurses' attitudes concerning mandatory CE (MCE) and examines relationships between professional, personal, and demographic factors that affect these attitudes. The study population was nurses registered in the state of Nevada. A sample of 600 nurses was chosen using a stratified random selection method from a list of all Nevada nurses. The data were collected via mailed questionnaires. Frequency distributions and T-tests were utilized to analyze the data. The study in Nevada determined that mandatory continuing education was acceptable to those nurses surveyed; however, changes could be made in content, cost, and allowable home study, especially in rural areas. For any state with a large rural population which now requires or which is considering mandatory continuing education for relicensure, the study shows cost and content must be planned realistically in order to increase nursing proficiency. Table of


Objectives Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common infectious disease in children caused by intestinal virus and an important cause of child death. Early identification of critical HFMD and timely intervention are the key to reduce mortality. However, there is no available unified critical HFMD screening standard. This study aimed to explore the predictive evaluation of HFMD with critical illness scoring systems. Methods A total of 31 patients with mild HFMD, 30 with severe HFMD, and 25 with critical HFMD were included. The platelet index in age-adapted sequential organ failure assessment score (SOFA) was re-assigned to constitute the SOFA for HFMD (H-SOFA). The results of age-adapted SOFA, quick SOFA (qSOFA), and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score-2 (PELOD-2), pediatric multiple organ dysfunction score (P-MODS), pediatric critical illness score (PCIS), H-SOFA of the three groups were compared. Results Significant differences in the following parameters were found between severe group and critical group: enterovirus 71 positive, heart rate, respiration, vomiting, cold sweat, moist rales, disturbance in consciousness, platelet, and blood glucose (P<0.05), as well as all critical illness scoring data (P<0.001). age-adapted SOFA, qSOFA, and PELOD-2, P-MODS, H-SOFA were positively correlated with critical HFMD (odds ratio (OR): 3.213, 8.66, 2.64, 2.56, and 4.297 respectively; P<0.01), with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.938, 0.823, 0.848, 0.910, and 0.956, respectively. PCIS was negatively correlated with critical HFMD (OR=0.76, P<0.001), with an AUC value of 0.865. Conclusion Increase in platelet count was related to the severity of HFMD. Age-adapted SOFA, qSOFA, and PELOD-2, P-MODS, PCIS, H-SOFA had high predictive value on critical HFMD, with H-SOFA being the highest.


An increase in income taxes to fund education was one of the demands made by the social movements that emerged in Chile in 2011. Currently, the Chilean Congress is enacting a tax reform to raise money for higher education. This study aims to show the dynamic effects on the general equilibrium of the Chilean economy under two alternative approaches: a subsidy to lower the price of higher education (public and private), and greater spending on public higher education to reduce household payments for education. The social accounting matrix (SAM) used to calibrate the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model has 38 economic sectors, including the production structure of private education and public education. The study mainly concludes that a subsidy policy has significant advantages over increasing higher public education spending, regarding its effects on variables such as GDP, investment, and household incomes, while both policies have a similar effect on poverty and income distribution.


The Deuterium (D)/ Hydrogen (H) analysis at low Concentration is generally carried out by Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrometer is specially designed for the measurement of Mass 2 and 3 ratio. The Deuterium analysis of water and hydrogen in concentration range of a few ppm to about 1% plays an important role in the Heavy Water Production Plants [1]. For the enrichment of the Deuterium concentration in H2O (l) by H2 – H2O exchange a catalyst is essential as reaction is relatively slow. Heavy Water Division has developed in house Platinum based catalyst for the isotopic exchange of Hydrogen and Water [2]. An on line Deuterium gas sampling system, which can directly be attached to Mass Spectrometer, was developed for carrying out the catalyst performance. Performance of the catalyst was studied in Static as well as in the Dynamic mode. Over all isotopic exchange reaction between Deuterated water and Ultra pure Hydrogen gas is taking place in the presence of the catalyst and ceramic raschig ring. Ceramic raschig rings act as hydrophilic agent where as, Platinum loaded on activated charcoal mixed with Teflon in raschig rings form behaves as hydrophobic catalyst [3,4]. Liquid water is converted to water vapour over hydrophilic packing and deuterium exchange between H2O (v) and hydrogen gas is taking place over the catalyst surface.


Abstract Broad economic and social reform, rapid technological change and increasing global competition have meant that organisations must consider all aspects of their business model in order to successfully create and capture ongoing customer value. In this study it is proposed that business model innovation must always consider and incorporate the symbiotic and interdependent relationship that stakeholders have with an organisation. One particular aspect of economic reform, privatisation, has become an important driver of economic growth in many economies, particularly when linked with the rapid growth of air travel. Privatisation of an airport can generate a radical change in the overall business model for the airport owner and the various stakeholders involved in the operation of the airport. Sydney Airport has restructured its overarching business model to meet the demands of stakeholders. Using feedback from key stakeholders, this research examines the generally accepted view that airport privatisation leads to an improvement in airport performance. Chesbrough's Business Model Framework provides a lens to assist the analysis of Sydney Airport operations before and after privatisation, and provides valuable insights into the impact of privatisation on business model innovation.


A 71-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a 6-week history of recurrent diffuse abdominal pain and nausea without vomiting that was unrelated to food consumption and was unaccompanied by fever or weight loss. The patient had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus that had been


Summary form only given. Diagnostic detectors such as B-dot and E-dot probes have been used in pulse power and accelerator applications for decades. The DARHT II Accelerator utilizes arrays of B-dot detectors as a means to determine beam current and position. Unique problems arise when using digital recording to capture these signal waveforms. Bit error and baseline reference stability in the recording devices limits the accuracy of the recorded waveform when dealing with fast rise time signals that have relatively long pulse widths. The reasons for methods used to record the B-dot data for the 2 microsecond duration beam current at DARHT II are detailed in this paper.


We classify extremal Hermitian self-dual quaternary codes of lengths 30 and 32 with an automorphism of odd prime order. We prove that there exists exactly one extremal Hermitian self-dual [30,15,12] quaternary code with a nontrivial automorphism of odd prime order, up to equivalence; the order of its automorphism group is 36 540. In fact, this code is equivalent to the extended quadratic residue code. We also prove that there exists no extremal Hermitian self-dual [32,16,12] quaternary code with a nontrivial automorphism of odd prime order.


Creep mechanics was adopted to analyze the influence of different lane lateral load distribution to pavement rutting.Firstly, the lateral load distribution within the lane was simplified as normal distribution to get a different lateral distribution coefficient at different locations in one lane.Secondly,typical pavement models were set up and pavement mechanical parameters at actual temperatures were measured in circuit testing pavement.The simplified method to calculate load times was also put forward in the paper. Furthermore,the FEM method was used to calculated pavement rutting deformations at different lateral distribution coefficients and load times,permanent deformation ratio and upheaval index were presented finally.


The anti‐LPS antibody content of commercial intravenous immunoglobulins was examined by quantitative ELISA using LPS preparations from Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa O serotypes occurring most frequently in Gram‐negative septicaemia. Three IgG products from different manufacturers and one IgM‐enriched product were tested. Mean antibody levels were significantly higher in the IgM fraction of the IgM‐enriched product compared with 'pure' IgG products, indicating that natural antibodies against bacterial LPS belong primarily to the IgM class. Immunoblotting studies showed that antibody specificities were directed mainly against O side chain epitopes. Antibodies against rough mutant LPS representing various chemotypes were detected in IgG but not in IgM products. The virtual absence of antibodies against Vibrio cholerae LPS indicated that human anti‐LPS antibodies result from continuous environmental exposure to Gram‐negative pathogens. These data support the further development of IgM‐enriched preparations for prophylaxis and treatment of Gram‐negative nosocomial infections.


Social solidarity, especially within the extended family, play a preponderant role in the context of absent efficient financial markets and low formal public redistribution. These risk-sharing arrangements may however entail some inefficiency costs, through distortions in resource allocation and accumulation decisions. The present paper investigates the influence on savings decisions, of the informal redistribution within the Senegalese extended family. Using a rich nationally representative household survey collected in 2006 in Senegal, I estimate the effect of redistributive pressure on saving and transfer decisions. The intensity of the sharing pressure is captured on one hand, by the exogenous size of the sibship and on the other hand, by the position held within sibship -as measured by the birth rank and the relative socio-economic situation of the individuals relatively to their fathers. I distinguish between sharable and non-sharable savings, defined as assets that are more or less subject to the family redistribution. I provide suggestive evidence that a larger family pressure to redistribute induces larger out-transfers lower savings, even in non-sharable assets, for men who experienced salient social mobility, as well as for the eldest siblings. As a result, informal redistribution within the extended family may be detrimental for savings of individuals who achieved social mobility and for eldest brothers.


These concluding remarks sum up some of the key themes arising in this thematic volume's contributions, chapters that cover a breadth of different gendered aspects of peacebuilding in Indonesia and Nigeria, including the postconflict experiences of women excombatants; women and land conflicts; arts, gender and peacebuilding; the gendered dynamics of postconflict economic development; gender, spirituality and peacebuilding; genderbased violence; and the ethics of researching these issues and 'giving back'. Throughout this volume, we have documented a broad variety of ways in which gender interweaves with peacebuilding, but also similarities in the emerging patterns, around how gender and peacebuilding are understood, how integral gender is to identity and how gender is mobilised as a resource. These remarks also summarise some of the challenges and gaps we encountered, such as the risks of silencing and essentialising of gender identities, and the continued need to go beyond simplistic notions of 'adding gender' to peacebuilding process, practice and research.


Background: A survey was generated for the geriatric population, age 60 and older, inquiring about their level of awareness of Low Vision Rehabilitation Services provided by the optometric community. The population targeted by this survey was senior citizens who attend senior centers during the day for activities and meals. Methods: A survey was drafted and distributed at lunchtime to geriatric individuals over the age of 60 years at senior centers. Questions in the survey explored if the person had low vision, if they were receiving low vision services, if they were aware of low vision services, if they know anyone who had utilized low vision services, and other questions helping to reveal the geriatric population's awareness of the services offered by low vision providers. Results: 75% of the geriatric population who were surveyed are unaware of low vision rehabilitation services. There is also a significant number of patients with decreased vision due to retinal disease in one or both eyes who have not heard of low vision rehabilitation services. Conclusion: Participants who had visited their eye care provider within the last year were more likely to be aware of low vision rehabilitation services. Those individuals who have retinal disease in one or both eyes and/or are legally blind should have these services recommended to them by their eye doctor. They should ideally be educated multiple times and the recommendation should also be presented to any caregivers or children present at their appointment leading to the awareness of the hope that low vision rehabilitation services can provide for individuals with decreased visual function.


Research concerns the evaluation of the cutting insert condition on the microstructure of the surface layer after longitudinal turning of Inconel 718 alloy using carbide inserts. Value of the VBC wear index after dry machining with variable feed f and depth of cut ap was evaluated. White layer was observed up to 2,5 μm.


In different contemporary posterior-stabilized (PS) total knees, there are considerable variations in condylar surface radii and cam-post geometry. This is expected to result in differences in kinematics and functional outcomes in patients. The hypotheses of our study were: 1. Current PS design will show symmetric motion which is different from anatomic motion, and 2. An asymmetric PS design will produce motion closer to normal anatomic motion than symmetric designs. A special machine was constructed which could implement the ASTM standard test on constraint, by measuring the laxities. The rational for the test is to predict functional laxity ranges which will affect the kinematics in vivo. The machine set the knee at the required flexion angles and applied combinations of compressive, shear, and torque forces, to represent a range of everyday activities. The femorotibial contact points, the neutral path of motion, and the AP and internal-external laxities were used as the motion indicators. The benchmark was the motion data from anatomic knee specimens tested under the same conditions. Four contemporary PS designs with a range of geometries was selected for the tests, together with a design where the medial side was more constrained, the lateral side was less constrained, and the post was rounded. The output motions were compared between themselves, while all designs were compared with the anatomic data. The PS designs showed major differences in motion characteristics among themselves including the neutral path of motion and the AP and rotational laxities. These differences were related to the constraints of the condyles, and the cam-post designs. The four PS designs showed motion different from anatomic, including symmetric mediolateral motion, susceptibility to excessive AP medial laxity, and reduced laxity in high flexion. The asymmetric Guided Motion design alleviated some but not all of the abnormalities; in particular, while the lateral rollback with flexion and the near-constant position of the medial femoral condyle resembled anatomic behaviour, the rotational laxity was still limited in high flexion. The latter ws observed to be due to the 'entrapment' of the femoral condyles between the upwards posterior lip of the tibial plastic, and the posterior of the cam-post, a phenomenon seen on all designs. The conclusion of the study is that an asymmetric PS design may provide a path to achieving a closer match to anatomic kinematics. This may improve functional outcomes, and even provide a better 'feel' to the patient. However, there are still inherent challenges in PS design to closely achieve this goal. Other design configurations have also been formulated which could even more closely reproduce anatomic motion. However a pre-clinical testing method such as presented here, is one method for evaluation and can be used hand-in-hand with computational methods to produce an optimal design. The importance of the benchmark of the anatomic knee and the identification of the important parameters of the ASTM standard, notably the neutral path of motion and the laxity about the neutral path, are important aspects of the design methodology.


While P-wave duration (PWD) is primarily employed to observe the atrial substrate alterations after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) on atrial fibrillation (AF) patients, the acquired information corresponds to the entire atria. Left (LA) and right atrium (RA), though, may be differently affected by PVI, implying the need for different after-PVI handling. In order to clarify this assumption, five-minute lead II recordings from 29 paroxysmal AF patients undergoing first-ever PVI were recruited before and after PVI. PWD was analyzed integrally and in parts, with the first part (PWD1) from the onset to the peak corresponding to RA and the second part (PWD2) to LA depolarization. Time from P-wave onset or offset to the R peak were also calculated (Pon – R and Poff – R, respectively). Normalization (N) to mitigate heart-rate effect was applied. Results before and after PVI were compared with Mann-Whitney U-test (MWU). Median values and variations due to PVI were calculated for all features and compared between PWD and the remaining features via Pearson correlation. After PVI, PWD (−9.84%, p = 0.0085, N: − 17.96%, p = 0.0442) and PWD2 (−22.03%, p = 0.0250, N: − 27.77%, p = 0.0268) were significantly decreased. PWD1 did not shorten significantly (up to −8.96%, p > 0.05 at either cases). PWD – PWD1 (ρ > 74.5%, p < 0.0001) showed higher correlation than PWD – PWD2 (ρ > 41.9%, p < 0.0001) in before and after PVI analysis but not for PVI-related variation (ρPWD-PWD1 = 54.0%, p = 0.0114 and ρPWD-PWD2 = 61.4%, p = 0.0031). While RA depolarization time is more in line with PWD analysis, the effect of PVI in PWD is more coherent with LA's findings. Additionally, PWD shortening is only observed in the LA. Therefore, LA is crucial for the assessment of the atrial substrate alteration after PVI and its analysis should be considered by future studies.


Due: Friday, March 13 2009 at 11:59PM. Late submissions will not be graded. Instructions: The exam has 4 parts testing different skills/knowledge you have (hopefully) acquired during the quarter. There are two homework-style questions, one paper summary and one research/design question. Since this is an exam, you should not discuss these problems with anyone else. You can refer to your textbook, class notes, handouts, and papers reviewed during the quarter. You should not consult any other material while working on the exam.


Invited Papers.- High Performance Computing Trends and Self Adapting Numerical Software.- Kilo-instruction Processors.- CARE: Overview of an Adaptive Multithreaded Architecture.- Numerical Simulator III - A Terascale SMP-Cluster System for Aerospace Science and Engineering: Its Design and the Performance Issue.- Award Papers.- Code and Data Transformations for Improving Shared Cache Performance on SMT Processors.- Improving Memory Latency Aware Fetch Policies for SMT Processors.- Architecture.- Tolerating Branch Predictor Latency on SMT.- A Simple Low-Energy Instruction Wakeup Mechanism.- Power-Performance Trade-Offs in Wide and Clustered VLIW Cores for Numerical Codes.- Field Array Compression in Data Caches for Dynamically Allocated Recursive Data Structures.- Software.- FIBER: A Generalized Framework for Auto-tuning Software.- Evaluating Heuristic Scheduling Algorithms for High Performance Parallel Processing.- Pursuing Laziness for Efficient Implementation of Modern Multithreaded Languages.- SPEC HPG Benchmarks for Large Systems.- Applications.- Distribution-Insensitive Parallel External Sorting on PC Clusters.- Distributed Genetic Algorithm for Inference of Biological Scale-Free Network Structure.- Is Cook's Theorem Correct for DNA-Based Computing?.- LES of Unstable Combustion in a Gas Turbine Combustor.- ITBL.- Grid Computing Supporting System on ITBL Project.- A Visual Resource Integration Environment for Distributed Applications on the ITBL System.- Development of Remote Visualization and Collaborative Visualization System in ITBL Grid Environment.- Performance of Network Intrusion Detection Cluster System.- Constructing a Virtual Laboratory on the Internet: The ITBL Portal.- Evaluation of High-Speed VPN Using CFD Benchmark.- The Development of the UPACS CFD Environment.- Virtual Experiment Platform for Materials Design.- Ab Initio Study of Hydrogen Hydrate Clathrates for Hydrogen Storage within the ITBL Environment.- Short Papers.- RI2N - Interconnection Network System for Clusters with Wide-Bandwidth and Fault-Tolerancy Based on Multiple Links.- A Bypass-Sensitive Blocking-Preventing Scheduling Technique for Mesh-Connected Multicomputers.- Broadcast in a MANET Based on the Beneficial Area.- An Optimal Method for Coordinated En-route Web Object Caching.- An Improved Algorithm of Multicast Topology Inference from End-to-End Measurements.- Chordal Topologies for Interconnection Networks.- Distributed Location of Shared Resources and Its Application to the Load Sharing Problem in Heterogeneous Distributed Systems.- Design and Implementation of a Parallel Programming Environment Based on Distributed Shared Arrays.- Design and Implementation of Parallel Modified PrefixSpan Method.- Parallel LU-decomposition on Pentium Streaming SIMD Extensions.- Parallel Matrix Multiplication and LU Factorization on Ethernet-Based Clusters.- Online Remote Trace Analysis of Parallel Applications on High-Performance Clusters.- Performance Study of a Whole Genome Comparison Tool on a Hyper-Threading Multiprocessor.- The GSN Library and FORTRAN Level I/O Benchmarks on the NS-III HPC System.- Large Scale Structures of Turbulent Shear Flow via DNS.- Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Prion Protein by Large Scale Cluster Computing.- International Workshop on OpenMP: Experiences and Implementations (WOMPEI 2003).- OpenMP/MPI Hybrid vs. Flat MPI on the Earth Simulator: Parallel Iterative Solvers for Finite Element Method.- Performance Evaluation of Low Level Multithreaded BLAS Kernels on Intel Processor Based cc-NUMA Systems.- Support of Multidimensional Parallelism in the OpenMP Programming Model.- On the Implementation of OpenMP 2.0 Extensions in the Fujitsu PRIMEPOWER Compiler.- Improve OpenMP Performance by Extending BARRIER and REDUCTION Constructs.- OpenMP for Adaptive Master-Slave Message Passing Applications.- OpenGR: A Directive-Based Grid Programming Environment.


The breakdown potential in air in crossed electric and magnetic fields withtn the pressure range 10/sup -//sup 3/ to 1 mm of Hg was measured. The discharge was excited by a 10 kv transformer. The magnetic field was varied from 50 to 2000 gauss, and three discharge tubes of 9, 22.5, and 26.5 cm were used. From the measured breakdown potential data, the values of P/P were calculated using both Wehrli'a formula, and Bievin and Haydon's formula, where the magnetic field is taken as 100 gauss. From the curves obtained it can be concluded that both expressions for P/sub e/ are of limited applicability and the concept of equivalent pressure alone cannot explain all the observed results. It is hoped that the incorporation of variation of gamma with H along with equivalent pressure concept will explain the observed changes better. An expression of E/p is developed for this purpose. (N.W.R.)


The invention relates to a secondary battery, a battery module, a battery pack and an apparatus including the battery pack. The secondary battery includes a positive electrode including an electrode mixture, which includes a positive electrode active material, a binder and a conductive material, coated on a current collector. The positive electrode active material includes an oxide represented by LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 or LiNi0.4Mn1.6O4. The conductive material is carbon nanotubes (CNT), and is included in an amount of 5 to 10% based on the total weight of the electrode mixture. The secondary battery further includes a negative electrode, which includes a negative electrode active material, a binder and a conductive material, coated on a current collector. The negative electrode active material includes an oxide represented by Li1.33Ti1.67O4 or LiTi2O4. The conductive material is carbon nanotubes (CNT), and is included in an amount of 0.1 to 15% based on the total weight of the electrode mixture. The secondary battery is excellent in output characteristics and charging rate.


For those of us who acknowledge that developmental processes occur in students during the college years, the question of what teaching methods foster development is an important one.


Based on investigating QZONE users who had experience of innovation, the paper examines the key drivers of user innovation performance in perspective of users and explores the moderating effect of users' knowledge and experience on the relationship between key drivers and user innovation performance.


It is well-known that the so-called Shannon Achievable Region (SAR) in a collocated two-user Gaussian Two-Way Channel (GTWC) does not depend on the self-interference that is due to the leakage of the signal transmitted by each user at its own receiver. This is simply because each user can completely remove its self-interference. In this paper, we study a class of GTWCs where each user is unable to cancel the self interference due to random erasures at its receiver. The mixture of the intended signal for each user and its self-interference is erased independently from transmission slot to transmission slot. It is assumed that both users adopt PAM constellations for transmission purposes. Due to the fact that both users are unaware of the erasure pattern, the noise plus interference at each user is mixed Gaussian. To analyze this setup, a sequence of upper and lower bounds are developed on the differential entropy of a general mixed Gaussian random variable where it is shown that the upper and lower bounds meet as the sequence index increases. Utilizing such bounds, it is shown that the achievable rate for each user is monotonically increasing in terms of the level of self-interference and eventually saturates as self-interference grows to infinity. This saturation effect is justified analytically by showing that as self-interference increases, each user is enabled to extract the erasure pattern at its receiver. Treating the erasure pattern as side information, both users are able to cancel self-interference and decode the useful information at higher transmission rates.


A system and a method for optimizing antenna performance. The system comprises: an antenna switch control module and at least two antenna switches connected to the antenna switch control module. Each antenna switch corresponds to one antenna. The antenna switch control module is configured to gate a corresponding antenna switch according to a frequency band. The antenna switch is configured to, when being gated, output a radio frequency signal to the antenna corresponding to the antenna switch. In the technical solution, frequency bands are separated, and different antennas are used for different frequency bands, so as to optimize antenna radiation performance.


Discrete topological space is the foundation of the study of topology.Although some properties of discrete topological space in the known literature are concerned,most of literature did not give their proof.To this end,this paper will make a survey of some basic properties in discrete topological space,and present the detailed proof.


Abstract People who experience persistent pain often require help from a family member, partner, or friend. These caregivers frequently have pain, but are often not included in interventions. Caregivers and care-receivers who both experience pain are more likely to be socially isolated, experience communication conflict, and have decreased quality of life. Interventions should target caregiving dyads to help them manage their pain together. Feasibility studies that include manual development, intervention evaluation, and refinement of intervention manuals support randomized controlled trials and help move interventions from research to practice. Thus, the purpose of this qualitative study was to explore (a) the needs of caregiving dyads, (b) input from medical and allied health experts, and (c) feedback from intervention facilitators and evaluators, informing the development and refinement of an intervention manual for people with persistent pain. A total of 16 caregiving dyads and one individual (caregiver couldn't participate) experiencing pain participated in focus groups. Eight experts then participated in a focus group or one-on-one interview. Lastly, after the intervention ended, 15 intervention facilitators and fidelity evaluators participated in one focus group. Data were uploaded into NVivo software and analyzed using constant comparison. Findings identified the importance of interventions to focus on pain interference, novel and modifiable approaches to managing pain as a dyad, and addressing the emotional and psychological effects of experiencing pain. Using qualitative approaches to develop, test, and refine an intervention manual enhances the relevancy, acceptability, and translation of our intervention to meet the needs of caregiving dyads experiencing pain.


We explore the stimulated emission of photons in non-spherical axion clusters with or without the axion source from the superradiance of a rotating black hole (BH). In particular, we focus on the cluster with the initial axion distribution in the $(l,m)=(1,1)$ mode which mimics the shape of an axion cloud induced by the BH superradiance. After establishing the hierarchy of Boltzmann equations governing a general non-spherical axion-photon system, we examine the evolution of photon and axion distributions in the cluster and possible stimulated emission signals. In the case without the axion source, the resultant signal would be a large single photon pulse. As for the system with the BH superradiance as the axion source, multiple pulses of various amplitudes are predicted. We also show that, for the latter case, the combined effects of stimulated emissions and the axion production from the BH superradiance could reach a balance where the axion cluster becomes uniformly and spherically distributed. Due to the energy and temporal characteristics of the obtained pulses, we demonstrate that the stimulated emissions from the axion cluster with axions sourced by the BH superradiance provide a candidate explanation to the observed fast radio bursts.


Objective To study the safety and efficacy of microtransesophageal echocardiography (micro-TEE) and TEE during percutaneous atrial septal defect (ASD) and patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure. Background TEE has proven to be safe during ASD and PFO closure under general anaesthesia. Micro-TEE makes it possible to perform these procedures under local anaesthesia. We are the first to describe the safety and efficacy of micro-TEE for percutaneous closure. Methods All consecutive patients who underwent ASD and PFO closure between 2013 and 2018 were included. The periprocedural complications were registered. Residual shunts were diagnosed using transthoracic contrast echocardiography (TTCE). All data were compared between the use of TEE or micro-TEE within the ASD and PFO groups separately. Results In total, 82 patients underwent ASD closure, 46 patients (49.1 ± 15.0 years) with TEE and 36 patients (47.8 ± 12.1 years) using micro-TEE guidance. Median device diameter was, respectively, 26 mm (range 10–40 mm) and 27 mm (range 10–35 mm). PFO closure was performed in 120 patients, 55 patients (48.6 ± 9.2 years, median device diameter 25 mm, range 23–35 mm) with TEE and 65 patients (mean age 51.0 ± 11.8 years, median device diameter 27 mm, range 23–35 mm) using micro-TEE. There were no major periprocedural complications, especially no device embolizations within all groups. Six months after closure, there was no significant difference in left-to-right shunt after ASD closure and no significant difference in right-to-left shunt after PFO closure using TEE or micro-TEE. Conclusion Micro-TEE guidance without general anaesthesia during percutaneous ASD and PFO closure is as safe as TEE, without a significant difference in the residual shunt rate after closure.


The application of climate smart agriculture technique has been identified as an important aspect in proffering solutions for most of the challenges to climate change mitigation as well as environmental and agricultural sustainability. Several biosensors and biosensing machineries such as nanoparticles/nanomaterials, polymers and microbes built-biosensors as well as their applications are now being used in most part of the world for solving some of the challenges in agricultural activities, food production and its sustainability. However, it is significant to assimilate multi-faceted methods for sustainable development of more effective biosensors that can possibly be used for diverse applications especially in the area of climate smart organic/biological agriculture for environmental sustainability. Smart monitoring employing biosensors will ensure that biochemical and other categories of contaminants are kept at bay from conceding the quality and safety of food via the mitigation of pest and pathogens that could affect agricultural produce. Hence, this study will attempt to provide an overview of what has been done from previous studies on biosensing technologies and their wide application in climate smart organic/biological agriculture as well as their role in environmental sustainability, and this will assist in proffering useful suggestions for future research studies as future contribution to knowledge for the advancement in agricultural and environmental sustainability.


The effects of N, P, K combinations [N∶P 2O 5∶K 2O=1∶1∶1(B NPK ),3∶1∶2(H NK ),2∶1∶3(H KN ),2∶3∶1(H PN ) and 3∶2∶1(H NP ), respectively] on nitrate accumulation and nutrient quality of foliage vegetables grown in soil less culture were studied. The results show that the growth, yield, the contents of VC, soluble sugar (except H PN treatment) and amino acid (except H PN and H NP treatments) are reduced in all treatments, but there is no different effect on the nitrate accumulation in celery. The yields (except H NP treatment) and the contents of VC (except H PN treatment), soluble sugar (except H KN and H NK treatments) and amino acid (except H NP treatment) in romaine lettuce are increased, but the nitrate contents of romaine lettuce are decreased by 4 5%~41 8% (except H NK treatment).


Viral upper respiratory infections far outnumber bacterial upper respiratory infections, and antibiotics should not be prescribed for viral infections. Most doctors know these facts, but that doesn't mean they act accordingly. Researchers examined antibiotic prescribing habits in the Veterans Affairs system using medical records (2005–2012) on more than 1 million visits to …


Education is actually a study that is able to recognize, is able to accommodate all possibilities, understandheterogeneity, appreciate differences both tribes, nations, especially religion. These aspects are interconnectedwhich orients humanity. This course also aligned with one of the humanitarian orientation of multiculturaleducation in the context of the Qur'an is to seek recognition and understanding of SARA to understandheterogeneity, applying the multicultural nature of education itself. This study uses a qualitative approachphenomenologi.


The Confederation Bridge is a 12.9 km long multi-span bridge spanning the Northumberland Strait to connect the provinces of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick on the east coast of Canada. It is...


Objective: A spectrum of auditory changes with mullerian defects has been reported. In a prospective controlled study, we aimed to assess hearing function of women with mullerian abnormalities. Methods: Thirty women with mullerian defects and 50 women with normal genital tract as a control group were evaluated. Audiologic evaluation was performed to each subject which included pure tone audiometry 250-8000 Hz for air conduction, 500-4000 Hz for bone conduction measurement. Results: Twenty three of 30 patients manifested a notch at 4 or 6 kHz with a magnitude between 10 to 30 dB. In one patient there was a slight sensorineural hearing loss at 500-1000 Hz. In 15 of 50 subjects in the control group a notch of 5-25 db at 4 or 6 kHz was demonstrated. The incidence of auditory defects was significantly higher in mullerian abnormalities group (80% vs 30%) (p<0.01). Conclusion: Auditory changes in high frequencies may exist in association with mullerian abnormalities.


Due to the high conversion frequency of labor-intensive industries, the production process still relies heavily on labor. In order to solve this prob-lem, this article designs an automated fastening screw process system for small home appliance production systems. A robot human-like fastening trajectory model is established, and the task of fastening screws is efficiently completed by converting human assembly actions into robot trajectories. Furthermore, this pa-per proposes an optimization method for the robot's work with work efficiency and joint torque as the performance evaluation index, which can determine the robot's optimal installation method and anthropo-morphic operation trajectory under fixed conditions. The simulation and experimental results show that the robot's anthropomorphic operation trajectory can effectively improve production efficiency, prolong the robot's service life, and significantly reduce mainte-nance costs.


The male of the mutillid wasp Lophomutilla corupa is described for the first time. This sexual association was based on field observations of courtship behaviour and on mating trials in the laboratory. The male genitalia are illustrated for the first time for the genus. Diagnosis of Lophomutilla halicta males is also given. Lophomutilla halicta, previously known only from Costa Rica, is reported from Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama. The bee Dialictus seabrai is reported as the first host record for L. corupa. Behavioural notes on attempts to parasitize D. seabrai nests are given, as well as a brief description of the biology of the bee host.


With polymerase chain reaction or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction the fragments of newcastle disease virus(NDV),avian influenza virus(AIV H9),infectious bronchitis virus(IBV),egg drop syndrome(EDS),infectious laryngotracheitis virus(ILTV),Mycoplasma gallisepticum(MG) were amplified with bio-11-dUTP labelibg and spotted onto colloxylin to form microarrays.The gene chips were subjected to specific hybridization and the hybridization results were scanned and analyzed with a scanner.The results showed that the gene chip could rapidly identify and rapidly distinguish the above-mentioned infectious diseases.


Over the past two decades, scholars across the humanities and social sciences have homed in on affect as a crucial dimension of political life. This special issue argues that music – as sound and as practice – has an important role to play in this evolving academic conversation. While music can and does carry symbolic meanings, people are commonly drawn to music because of how it makes them feel. Moreover, these feelings have exceptional potency, enabling the emergence of new subjectivities, social collectives and political imaginaries. Building on recent developments and critiques of affect theory from within the disciplines of anthropology, cultural studies and ethnomusicology, this special issue seeks to push the conversation forward by better accounting for the musical life of affect. We begin this introduction with a brief overview of the relevant literature on affect in order to situate our own interventions, both conceptually and disciplinarily. We then explore the work that music does in responding to critiques of affect theory. Here, we propose the idea of 'musical feelings' as an inclusive conceptual framework for discussing the sensations and stories that endow music with social efficacy, thereby overcoming some of the theoretical impasses which, we suggest, may be discouraging broader engagement with affect among music scholars. Following this, we draw attention to the varied political projects that musically-mediated affects both augur and facilitate. In the final section, we examine the methodological challenges posed by the study of musical feelings, highlighting the affordances of ethnography and the necessity of multi-sited, multi-scalar dynamic research in accounting for musical feelings' social efficacy.


Several studies have been conducted within the domain of technology adoption, yet, less attention has been paid to how gamification can be employed to elicit fun that can accelerate the rate of smartphone banking usage. Equally, the cultural peculiarities of smartphone banking users have been largely ignored by the majority of the previous studies. This study, therefore, identified the potential influence of the utilization of gamification, hedonic motivation, and cultural factors in the usage of smartphone banking. This is achieved through the conceptualization of a framework that empirically tested the influence of six exogenous variables on smartphone usage using data from 388 respondents from Nigeria, and having employed Partial Least Square (PLS) Structural Equation Modeling as a technique of analysis. The findings of the study reveal that gamification, hedonic motivation, and cultural factors along with the Technology Acceptance Model core variables are strong determinants of Smartphone Banking usage. Practitioners can draw significant insights on how to effectively design smartphone banking using gamification and hedonic techniques, especially that the trend is moving largely towards these directions in the financial industry and through which value can be created for users.


We experimentally produce the rubidium Bose—Einstein condensate in an optically plugged magnetic quadrupole trap. A far blue-detuned focused laser beam with a wavelength of 532 nm is plugged in the center of the magnetic quadrupole trap to increase the number of trapped atoms and to suppress the heating. An rf evaporative cooling in the magneto-optical hybrid trap is applied to decrease the atom temperature into degeneracy. The atom number of the condensate is 1.2(0.4) × 105 and the temperature is below 100 nK. We also study characteristic behaviors of the condensate, such as phase space density, condensate fraction and anisotropic expansion.


Focusing on the bad stuff is the traditional Safety One approach. Safety One is unconstructive. Instead, Safety Two means focusing on doing more good. Safety Two emphasizes doing more good things and therefore squeezes out the bad things.


We have examined optical brightness changes in 151 luminous, moderate-redshift QSOs with unknown variability properties. Short exposures were obtained using CCD detectors on the 40 inch (102 cm) Swope Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. Some of the observations were taken as early as 1987, with the bulk of them beginning in 1990 and continuing through the beginning of 1994. Observations of individual QSOs were typically taken several times per year in V and/or Gunn r filters. Brightness variations have been determined relative to stars contained in an ≈ 6 arcmin2 field. We investigated the characteristics of the brightness variations using the ensemble structure function for three QSO object classes: radio quiet QSOs with broad absorption lines (BALs) in their spectra, radio quiet QSOs without BALs, and radio-loud quasars that systematically lack BALs. We find that ≈ 2/3 of the entire sample show very quiescent variations, with changes typically less than 0.15 mag yr-1 (proper time), corresponding to individual structure function slopes less than 0.0225 mag2 yr-1. We have designated these objects optically weak variables (OWVs), while the remainder of the sample with larger variations are designated optically strong variables (OSVs). Over the time of the observations, we were able to find only subtle statistical differences in the variability properties of radio quiet non-BAL and BAL QSOs. Although there is a slight tendency for the rate of change of continuum brightness to be larger in the radio-quiet non-BAL QSOs, to first order in both object classes the mean rate of change is similar and the characteristic timescale of variation appears to be greater than 1.2 yr (proper time). Consistent with the finding of slightly larger rates of change in radio-quiet non-BAL QSOs, we also find that the fraction of OSVs is marginally larger in the non-BAL QSOs in comparison to the BAL QSOs. However, the optical variability properties of the radio-loud quasars are clearly different. For the radio-loud quasars, while their rate of change in brightness is similar to changes observed in radio-quiet QSOs, their characteristic timescale of variation is statistically shorter, ≈ 0.6-0.8 yr (proper time). Collectively, these results have implications for models of QSO geometry and future methods of conducting QSO optical variability surveys. The results also illustrate the limitations of methods for discovering QSOs on the basis of optical variability alone.


A poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) membrane sensor for holmium ions was fabricated based on N-[(Z)-1-(2-thienyl)- methylidene]-N-[4-(4-{[(Z)-1-(2-thienyl)methylidene]amino} phenoxy)phenyl] amine (TPA) as a new ion carrier, acetophenon (AP) as plasticizing solvent mediator and sodium tetraphenyl borate (NaTPB) as an anion excluder. The electrode shows a good selectivity towards Ho3+ ions respect to other inorganic cations, including alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. The constructed sensor displays a Nernstian behavior (19.5±0.3 mV/decade) over the concentration range of 1.0×10−6 to 1.0×10−2 mol·L−1 with the detection limit of the electrode being 4.6×10−7 mol·L−1 and very short response time (ca. 5 s). It has a useful working pH range of 3.2–9.8 for at least 8 weeks. The electrode was successfully applied as an indicator electrode for the potentiometric titration of a Ho3+ solution with EDTA and holmium determination in some alloys. The proposed sensor accuracy was studied by the determination of Ho3+ in mixtures of three different ions.


The fatigue life of tubular joints in offshore engineering is determined by the stress distribution along the weld toe.The stress distribution principle along the weld toe for tubular T-joints subjected to axial load is analyzed in this study.An interpolation method based on Lagrange shape function is presented to predict the stress distribution along the weld toe for tubular T-joints.The accuracy of this method is verified through comparing the results obtained from this interpolation method and the finite element results.


Gilles Deleuze argued that modern western societies are undergoing or have undergone a shift away from a purely disciplinary formation as articulated by Michel Foucault towards new structures of control. Whereas disciplinary societies were defined by the specifics of certain kinds of confinement, what Deleuze terms societies of control emerge from the dissolution of the separation between these forms of confinement and the wider society. Because of this, social control has begun to pervade the individual lives of persons within a society, where persons are treated as subjects from which data and information can be extracted. However, at the same time many modern western societies are also considered or can be classified as what Weber described as leadership democracies, that is, democracies where charismatic leaders are elected and command large followings. Thus, a theoretical question emerges as to how these two theoretical approaches would interact. A society of control by its nature makes the imposition of control over subjects more encompassing while the charismatic leader at the helm of a political apparatus is theoretically able to overcome the various obstacles that impose themselves over most members of a society. The question is how this would include the overcoming of the imposition of the society of control.
The purpose of this thesis is to explore how a leadership democracy under the guidance of a charismatic leader, or leaders, is able to overcome the impositions of a society of control. It shall be argued in due course, despite the presence and impositions of a society of control, that such impositions do not impinge upon the nature of the charismatic leader, or leaders, in such a way or to the extent required to prevent the charismatic leader, or leaders, from operating as this kind of leader, or leaders, by definition. In so doing, this thesis explores the manner in which the charismatic leader, or leaders, can overcome the mechanisms of a society of control and maintain the integrity of a leadership democracy in relation to the manner in which societal control is exerted over a population. Given that this thesis deals with a question of pure theory, the nature of this thesis shall be largely formal and shall rely largely on formal argumentation derived from primary and secondary literature as opposed to empirical research, however, where necessary empirical examples and research shall be drawn on for illustration purposes.


This article focuses on a project developed jointly by the St. Louis Board of Education and the Legal Aid Society of the City and County of St. Louis to provide legal education at the high school level.


Dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb1−x Lax (Zry Ti1−y )1−(x /4)−(3/4)z Fez O3 ceramics for z = 0 to 6 mol% prepared by a mixed oxide method were investigated. Fe substitution in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) compositions resulted in a phase transformation from coexisting phases (ferroelectric rhombohedral (FERH) and ferroelectric tetragonal (FETET)) to intensified tetragonal phase. Grain size and apparent density increased with increasing acceptor (Fe) content up to 3 mol% in the PLZT system. The optimum dielectric properties (ϵ RT, ϵ Tc and tan δ) were observed in 3 mol% Fe‐doped PLZT composition and then decreased thereafter. Acceptor (Fe) substitution in the PLZT system influenced the ferroelectric remanent polarization (P r) and spontaneous (P s) polarization, reaching saturation at 6 mol% Fe, while the coercive field (E c) increased up to 3 mol% Fe‐doped PLZT composition. The piezoelectric properties are sensitive to acceptor (Fe) modification in the PLZT system which was proved by the decreasing trend of piezoelectric charge coefficient (d 33) up to 3 mol% Fe and then increasing to 6 mol% Fe while the piezoelectric planar coupling coefficient (k p) showed a continuous decreasing trend throughout the series. Dielectric, ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties were characterized as a function of acceptor (Fe) concentration in the PLZT system for possible sensor and actuator applications. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


A potted history of the research and opinions for and against bilingualism
A trip from Germany to Wales via France and Spain
Some languages are more egales than others
An analysis of the latest cognitive research in bilingualism.


The problem of extracting the desired signal from the recording of an array of sensors corrupted by multiple coherent interference and random noise is considered. The desired signal and interferences are assumed to have different arbitrary waveforms, and no a priori knowledge of such waveforms is assumed. The relative delay times of the interferences with respect to the desired signal are assumed to be known or can be accurately estimated. A vector of array filters is derived for the multichannel offline processing of the array recording with the objective of extracting the desired signal. These array filters achieve an all-pass condition for the desired signal, a strong suppression of the coherent interferences, and some degree of attenuation of the random noise. The tradeoff between suppressing the coherent interferences and attenuating the random noise is examined. An implementation of these array filters using the QR decomposition technique for rank determination is outlined. The ringing effect-sometimes observed in the output-is carefully analyzed as it relates to the residual coherent interferences. Two illustrative examples confirming the theoretical findings are presented. The third example is a preliminary investigation of the sensitivity of the results to estimation errors in the parameters of the coherent interferences. >


The evaluation of wind loads on buildings in Korea is carried out mainly by using Korean Standard Design Loads for Buildings. whose specifications are generally based on wind-tunnel tests performed on isolated structures considering wind exposure. However, it has been shown that wind loads on buildings in realistic environments surrounded by neighboring buildings may be considerably different from those measured on isolated buildings. Wind-induced interference effects depend mainly on the geometry and arrangement of these structures, their orientation and upstream terrain conditions. The most important factor among them is the arrangement of building structures. It is examined in this study that how wind loads on a high-rise building with square section are affected by the arrangement of neighboring buildings with side ratio of 2.0 to the measured building. Wind-induced interference effects on high-rise buildings were performed by wind-tunnel tests of force balance model. Interference factor was defined as ratio of wind force on a building with interfering buildings present to wind force on an isolated building.


This paper analyzed the relation between energy(coal,oil,gas,electricity) and GDP with cointegration techniques,error correct model and Granger-causality according to the yearly data from 1953 to 2003 in China.It is found that there exists a cointegration relationship between energy consumption and GDP,energy consumption can advance economic increase,but structure of energy consumption in China needs to be improved.


ABSTRACT Objective: To identify stress in the elderly living in the city of Lima and its association with demographic factors, infodemics, the presence of physical and psychological symptoms, and the use of illicit substances in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. Method: Quantitative, transversal, and analytical study through the web-based survey with 384 elderly from the city of Lima - Peru between April and August 2021. The instruments of demographic profile, Perceived Stress Scale, and self-reported symptoms were used for the study. The Multiple logistic regression was used, considering the significance level of 5%. Results: 62% were women, and the age ranged between 60 and 95 years with a mean of 70.5. The stress average was 26.8 points. Stress was associated with fear of relatives dying and concern for the elderly. Conclusions: it is important for health professionals trained to identify changes in mood in the elderly and to create individualized care plans.


Recent technological advancements in the area of communication enabled the use of wireless sensor network (WSN)s in a wide range of applications. WSN has emerged as a promising tool for monitoring the physical world where wired network can't reach such as under water, remote areas, machinery etc. In WSN, sensors are integrated into structure, machinery, and deliver the sensed information. However we cannot rely on the WSN completely since they suffer from many constraints, including low computation capability, small memory, limited energy resources, susceptibility to physical capture, and the use of insecure wireless communication channels. But as the range of applications increased, it became necessary to meet the requirements of high performance together with meeting network constraints. As the performance improved, the aspect of network privacy arose as a challenge. This paper studies the enhancement of anonymity in the system and thereby improving the security of WSN. Sensor anonymity deals with methods that hide the real identity of the nodes in the wireless sensor network. The deployment characteristics and the security requirements of sensor nodes in the system are studied for enhancing anonymity in the WSN. This paper surveys the different methods used for increasing the anonymity of nodes in the system.


The invention discloses a device for measuring dynamic resistance of a high-voltage circuit breaker. The device is characterized by at least comprising a super capacitor module (5), a super capacitor charging device (10), a current sampler (4) and a voltage sampler (2), wherein the super capacitor module (5) supplies measuring power supplies with different requirements for measuring switch-on resistance (11) and loop resistance (14) of the high-voltage circuit breaker (3); a charging controller (7) and an electronic switch (16) are controlled by a digital processor (1) so as to control charging and discharging of a super capacitor; and an electric signal is acquired and processed quickly by the digital processor (1) so as to quickly obtain a measuring result on site. Measurement of switch-on resistance, loop resistance and switch-on resistance making time of the high-voltage circuit breaker is integrated and the measuring results of three parameters can be obtained through one-step measuring operation.


Although osteoid osteomata of the talus are documented fairly often in the pathology literature, clinical case reports are rare. Two cases are detailed in this paper. The first lesion was located in the cancellous bone of the talar neck. The second lesion was a subperiosteal para-articular variant of osteoid osteoma. The problems encountered in the diagnosis and treatment are reviewed.


Objective:To increase the harvesting times and the total harvests of HBsAg in large-scale culture of CHO-C28 cells.Methods:CHO-C28 cells were cultured using 15L roller bottles in three groups.The effect of calf serum concentration,pH,to the growth of the cells and the expression of HBsAg,were compared.Results:Among the three groups,Group 1 is the best,the culture canbe harvested more than 25 times.Conclusion:The culture condition of CHO-C28 cells was optimized.


I N JUNE i965, a conference on structure and change in Indian society was held at the University of Chicago, just ten years after a similar conference, the results of which were published by McKim Marriott.' The results of the second conference have also been published in a book edited by Milton Singer and Bernard S. Cohn.2 Their object was "to present and review research in the social anthropology of South Asia which had been carried on over the last fifteen years, but had not yet been reported in monographic form."3 Bernard S. Cohn opens the volume by considering in his article, "Notes on the History of the Study of Indian Society and Culture," some of the stereotypes through which observers of Indian society have tried to understand it. He looks briefly at early travellers and then outlines the viewpoint of orientalists, missionaries, and administrators. The "official" view of caste, it seems, together with what Cohn evidently regards as a mistaken bias towards the so-called "village republics" (with his own North Indian bias he insists on equating these with "exogamous units") inhibited the proper study of castes as units in themselves, seen from what Srinivas would call the horizontal point of view. Only recently have such studies come to the fore, the work of Hardgrave on the Nadars being an example.4 There are some curious passages in this article, as on page 2i, where Cohn argues that the administrators' classifications of villages "reduced the need for specific knowledge." He says "one could act in terms of categories." One need not look at internal village politics, actual social relations, or the distribution of wealth. Surely this is a badly-worded complaint: one can say nothing or know nothing except in terms of categories, and Cohn must complain, unless he is more naive than he appears to be, that the administrators used the wrong categories-that is, the ones which do not serve for all of our present research interests. Nevertheless, in spite of these small


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SUMMARY We describe a malepatient withleucocyte adhesion molecule deficiency (LAD)ofmoderate phenotype. Although diagnosis was madeonly2yearsbefore hisdeath, thepatient survived until 19 yearsofage.Thisenabled ustoperform anumberofnovelinvestigations, bothinvivoandinvitro, relating tohisleucocyte biology. Monocytes cultured invitro matured intomorphologically normal, phagocytically capable macrophages, whichwereabletorecognize aged'apoptotic' neutrophils. By injection ofradiolabelled autologous neutrophils we demonstrated aprolonged neutrophil half-life, butnormalmargination, de-margination on exercise, andsplenic pooling. Neutrophil adherence in vitro tovascular endothelium was normal. Histological examination ofthepatient's lungs atpostmortemshowedintravascular aggregation ofpolymorphonuclear leucocytes butapaucity ofcells in theinterstitium andalveolar spaces.Thesefindings indicate thattheperipheral bloodleucocytosis commonly observed inthese patients may beduetoprolonged intravascular neutrophil survival, and suggest thatCDI1/18molecules havean important roleinfacilitating neutrophil emigration from bloodvessels atsites ofinflammation.


ABSTRACT Objectives: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious medical problem that affects the quality of life. Apoptosis is a form of programmed cell death that happens after trauma. Effector caspases are responsible for initiating apoptosis. Methods: In the present study, we examined the effect of LPS preconditioning (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg, ip; 5 days prior controlled cortical injury) on apoptosis, 4 and 12 hours after trauma. We investigated possible mechanisms on the expression of caspase3 and caspase7 in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas by using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting techniques and also TUNEL-positive cells. Results: Higher expression of caspase3 and caspase7 were accompanied by a higher number of dead neurons in traumatic rats 4 and 12 hours after trauma(P < 0.05). LPS preconditioning decreased caspase3 and caspase7over-expression and the number of dead neurons in the hippocampus(P < 0.05). Discussion: Our data indicate that LPS preconditioning inhibits neural damage and apoptosis induced by trauma in the hippocampus. Graphical abstract