This article intends to delineate the role and impact of mass media, whether electronic or printed toward the forming and developing the Muslim adolescent personality. This study is run in comparison between two areas; town (Kajang) and rural (Sahak Bernam) in Selangor, Malaysia. The findings of research show that, some students confess that they are attract and eager to the advertisements and programmes airing on TV, radio, magazine, newspaper and so on. Then, to certain extent, trying to imitate or follow that artists. Finally, some suggestions are putting in order to control and avoid the spread of social ills among adolescent.


This reviewer confesses that when he sought information from one of these "concentrates of knowledge," he had the same furtive guilt feeling as when he consulted a "pony" in translating Caesar. However, after living for several weeks with this handbook, he is amazed at the plethora of accurate data available at one's finger tips. A handbook within a specialty may be an excellent adjunct and time saver. The book is not an orientation in pediatrics, nor should it be considered other than a quick and accurate reference source for the details provided by this little "companion." It is most valuable to the experienced clinician who has perspective on the field in question and would lean on this source book for those fleeting facts which are beyond the possibility of storing within the recesses of memory. The publication of five editions since 1955, and translation into five languages, indicates the book's


By researching MIL-STD-1553B,a highly effective and reliable remote terminal data communication is achieved,and a design plan of MILvSTD-1553B based on SM61580 is presented.The 1553B terminal design is achieved by choosing SM61580 chip,taking advantage of the memory function of SM7C133 and the control of MSP430F247,and by connecting the chips and CPU in transparent mode.The use of 1553B terminal system is applied universally.


The Accelerator Production of Tritium (APT) concept proposes the production of tritium by means of an accelerator and target system. The Los Alamos APT design incorporates a high‐energy, high‐current proton accelerator, a tungsten neutron source, a lead neutron multiplier, and a moderating blanket that contains 3He for the production of tritium. This innovative system makes use of existing spallation neutron source technology, and proven design concepts. Inherent safety and environmental features include low decay heat, the absence of fissile or fertile material, no criticality concerns, no potential for overpower transients, and the fact that no high level waste is produced.


The invention discloses a method and a system for infrared and low-level-light (LLL)/visible-light fusion imaging. The method relates to the field of image processing, and particularly relates to a method and a system for infrared and LLL/visible-light fusion imaging. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring an infrared image and an LLL image/a visible-light image, and enhancing the infrared image and the LLL image/the visible-light image, wherein the LLL image or the visible-light image is selectively acquired according to the light intensity of the current environment; and extracting a target area of the infrared image after enhancement, and fusing the target area and a corresponding area in the LLL image/the visible-light image after enhancement through scaling and translating, so as to complete fusion imaging of the infrared image and the LLL image/the visible-light image. According to the invention, the accuracy of target identification can be improved.


The five Indian systems of alternative and complementary medicine (Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy) are frequently used to treat "COVID-19" throughout the country (referred to simply as "AYUSH"). At the outset of the pandemic, "The Ministry of AYUSH" (the governing authority of the Indian system of medicine) issued recommendations for the use of particular herbs and acts to improve immunity, based on the advice of an advisory council of "AYUSH" doctors and scant evidence. Some of these suggestions involved using traditional herbs and practices, which have been used for centuries and are effective in treating a wide range of conditions, including fever, sore throat, and breathing difficulties, as well as acting as a non-specific leniency enhancer thanks to their anti-viral, anti-bacterial, and anti-microbial properties. A number of the formulations recommended here-including AYUSH 64, Chyawanprash, Guduchi Ghanavati, Arsenic Album, Kabasur Kudineer, and Nilavembu Kudineer-have been the subject of scientific research into their putative prophylactic or therapeutic benefits.


The usual cold rolling coolant of steel sheets deteriorates due to accumulation of iron fines. Removal of iron fines and decrease of accompanied effective oil were studied by using high gradient magnetic separation (HGMS). It was revealed through analysis of experimental results that oil removed together with iron fines depends upon the captured iron fines amount on matrix and that oil/iron ratio in the mixture loaded on matrix can be decreased by control of captured iron fines amount; For example, the ratio can be decreased to about 1.5 when flow rate at matrix is 0.11m/s and the captured iron fines on wires is 0.4kg-iron/kg-wire. A production-scale HGMS device installed at a cold rolling plant shows high iron removal efficiency and low oil removal ratio. Moreover, the device is working well with no maintenance for 2 to 6 months by adoption of a new flushing system of matrix using steam, hot water and compressed air.


Animal welfare research with a focus on the market attribute is scarce. This research investigates consumer behaviour and willingness to pay (WTP) for the pork and poultry friendly products in two channel, traditional local markets and super/hypermarkets. We employ the consumer decision process theory to analyse WTP and consumer behaviour of purchasing animal welfare products, and further formulate marketing strategies to segment animal welfare products markets. The result shows that consumers regard such products as healthy, high quality and safe. The results of the WTP analysis show that for both the purchase of animal welfare friendly pork and poultry, the consumers are willing to pay more in both channels.


INTRODUCTION The Webster's Dictionary defines adaptation as the modification of an organism or its parts that makes it fitter for existence under conditions of its environment, or adjustment to environment conditions. Adaptation to tropical conditions may also be defined as the ability to survive and reproduce under harsh environment. On natural conditions, it means that animals must stand for heat stress, parasite challenges and diseases, very common in tropical areas. The complexity of these environment challenges allows for different genotypes with equivalent "adaptation value" emerging from very distinct mechanisms.


A method for physico-chemical treatment of wastewater from at least one preparation of a halogenated polymer unit which comprises at least a step of polymerizing at least one halogen-containing monomer in an aqueous medium, at least a portion of waste water subjected to the treatment physicochemical having previously undergone a first purification with at least one physical treatment and the water from the physicochemical treatment being at least partly subjected to a final purification comprising a biochemical filtration.


Usually, there is a distinguishable sea-level line in the infrared sea image, where many possible objects can be found. While relative to varies kinds of objects, the sea-level line can be more easily detected, which makes the sea-level line detection a important step in object detection and recognition in infrared sea images. This paper proposed a fast sea-level line detection method, which estimated pixels of sea-level line through the gray characteristic of neighborhood of them, performed a preliminary sea-level line positioning by line fitting, and verified the results by the linear feature of sea surface edges. Based on the results of sea-level line detection, a fast object candidate detection method was introduced. Experimental results proved that the existing and position of sea-level line can be determined and preliminary object detection can be performed by the proposed method.


A significant number of areal surface topography measuring instruments, largely based on optical techniques, are commercially available. However, implementation of optical instrumentation into production is currently difficult due to the lack of understanding of the complex interaction between the light and the component surface. Studying the optical transfer function of the instrument can help address this issue. Here a review is given of techniques for the measurement of optical transfer functions. Starting from the basis of a spatially coherent, monochromatic confocal scanning imaging system, the theory of optical transfer functions in three-dimensional (3D) imaging is presented. Further generalizations are reviewed allowing the extension of the theory to the description of conventional and interferometric 3D imaging systems. Polychromatic transfer functions and surface topography measurements are also discussed. Following presentation of theoretical results, experimental methods to measure the optical transfer function of each class of system are presented, with a focus on suitable methods for the establishment of calibration standards in 3D imaging and surface topography measurements.


Introduction A perusal of the literature on white-collar crime reveals there are few studies focusing on the way the criminal justice system investigates and processes health care provider fraud. Of the few studies that have been conducted, most have focused on the characteristics of the offender or event (see, eg, Geis et al, 1985; Pontell et al, 1985; Pontell et al, 1982; Towery and Sharfstein, 1978). This research moves in the same general direction as previous studies on health care provider fraud. However, in the current case, we investigate several structures that sound as if they are common in all criminal investigation cases. As we will show, the way these structures have evolved in Medicaid fraud cases makes them unique. Furthermore, our research suggests that one of the possible explanations for why many cases of Medicaid fraud go undetected or unprosecuted rests on the special nature of these investigative structures. Much of what we will discuss revolves around clarification of certain terms and their particular meanings when used in the context of Medicaid fraud cases. For example, even a cursory glance at the literature on health provider fraud suggests that the meanings are associated with physicians committing some medical malfeasance. Yet, definitions are vague and sometimes confusing in themselves. Essentially, all of the meanings are aimed at identifying some sort of law violation or criminal behaviour by a physician (Pontell et al, 1985; Keenan et al, 1985; Jesilow et al, 1986).


The narrator protagonist Lucy Snowe in Charlotte Brontë's novel Villette is an unconventional figure distinct from the Victorian perception of the ideal woman who is assumed to be physically attractive, affectionate, and submissive. Patriarchal monitoring in the novel is observed through Michel Foucault's interpretation of Panopticon mechanism to control the society, which is based on spying and surveillance. The novel presents Monsieur Paul as a patriarchal figure monitoring the students and the teachers from his room overlooking M. Beck's school, which recalls Foucault's symbolic control tower. As a primary observed figure, Lucy is exposed to religious and sexual oppression by the male characters Monsieur Paul, Père Silas, and Dr. John. She is also restrained physically by the male authority keeping her in the attic and at the corner of the museum. M. Paul's anger against Lucy's crossing the conventional boundaries of the feminine intellect drives Lucy to be more eager to learn because his unjust attitude makes her more ambitious to crave for knowledge. Lucy's first reaction against patriarchal oppression is to repress her desires and she prefers to avoid revealing her feelings. She eventually achieves to gain her independence as a triumphant and confident woman governing her own school in the end. The feminist analysis on the text reveals that Brontë intentionally ends the novel before the arrival of any male figure in Lucy's life to sustain her liberation and to emphasize once more the rejection of the culturally constructed female qualities. This paper concludes that Brontë portrays the powerful female figure in the end through the initially charmless protagonist Lucy who buries her feelings at first by resisting the patriarchal oppression through her intellect and reconstructs her female identity by the destruction of the suppressive male authority.


A new design radial shear mill (RSM) which allows us obtaining high quality rods and wires by combining rolling and pressing is presented in this article. Physical modeling of the technological process of rolling rods and wires at RSM with various processing modes was performed by using STD 812 torsion plastometer. The change in the structure of aluminum alloy A5083 during multi-stage compression at various temperatures and strain rates is described with a single position. The impact of temperature-deformation processing conditions on the microstructure and micro-hardness of aluminum alloy A5083 while rolling at RSM is analyzed. Kinetics of growth and grain grinding are considered; the conditions for forming the fine-grained structure are mentioned. It is established that in the deformation temperature range of 200 ÷ 300 °C and strain rates of 1.0 and 30 s-1, dynamic and static recrystallization proceeds in the structure of the aluminum alloy A5083, depending on the temperature-deformation processing conditions. In the article, it is proved that it is necessary to perform rolling of the workpieces on a RSM at a rolling temperature of 280-320 °C in order to ensure a fine-grained structure in bars out of A5083 alloy.


Programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) is an immunoreceptor tyrosine‐based inhibitory motif (ITIM)‐containing receptor expressed upon T cell activation. PD‐1–/– animals develop autoimmune diseases, suggesting an inhibitory role for PD‐1 in immune responses. Members of the B7 family, PD‐L1 and PD‐L2, are ligands for PD‐1. This study examines the functional consequences of PD‐1:PD‐L engagementon murine CD4 and CD8 T cells and shows that these interactions result in inhibition of proliferation and cytokine production. T cells stimulated with anti‐CD3/PD‐L1.Fc‐coated beads display dramatically decreased proliferation and IL‐2 production, while CSFE analysis shows fewer cells cycling and a slower division rate. Costimulation with soluble anti‐CD28 mAb can overcome PD‐1‐mediated inhibition by augmenting IL‐2 production. However, PD‐1:PD‐L interactions inhibit IL‐2 production even in the presence of costimulation and, thus, after prolonged activation, the PD‐1:PD‐L inhibitory pathway dominates. Exogenous IL‐2 is able to overcome PD‐L1‐mediated inhibition at all times, indicating that cells maintain IL‐2 responsiveness. Experiments using TCR transgenic CD4+ or CD8+ T cells stimulated with antigen‐presenting cells expressing PD‐L1 show that both T cell subsets are susceptible to this inhibitory pathway. However, CD8+ T cells may be more sensitive to modulation by the PD‐1:PD‐L pathway because of their intrinsic inability to produce significant levels of IL‐2.


The features of the Stanocola Medical and Hospital Association are as follows: It was conceived and organized and is owned, supported and operated by employees. Membership is entirely voluntary. It supplies necessary medical, hospital and nursing services to employee members and to their families. There is only one rate of dues, regardless of the number of dependents. The medical staff is on salary and mainly on full time. Although it is employee owned and operated, the company is much interested in its success and lends its support by: Making payroll deduction of dues. Permitting deduction of dues from the company thrift fund. This fund is supported by regular, voluntary contributions by employees and by the company. Dues collected from this fund, as 85 per cent of them are, represent both employee and company contributions. Through the medium of this fund, members of the


1 The effects of μ and κ‐opiate receptor agonists were studied in a variety of tests in the mouse designed to correspond to clinical side‐effects in man. These included sedation, decrease in pupil diameter, Straub tail, decrease in body temperature, decrease in respiratory rate and inhibition of gut propulsion. 2 The μ‐receptor agonists tested produced opiate side‐effects in the mouse at doses between 2.4 and 34 times higher than their antinociceptive doses in the abdominal constriction test. Their ranked orders of potency in producing these effects were very similar to their order of antinociceptive potency. 3 In contrast, the κ‐receptor agonists only produced opiate side‐effects at doses between 29 and >2500 times higher than their antinociceptive doses. There was no correlation between the potency ratios in these tests and in the abdominal constriction test. 4 It is concluded that μ‐receptor agonists may produce both their antinociceptive effects and opiate side‐effects by interacting with the μ‐receptor. The κ‐receptor agonists have previously been shown to produce antinociception via the κ‐receptor, but the opiate‐like side‐effects which appear with some of the drugs at much higher doses are probably due either to interaction with the μ‐receptor or to some other non‐specific action.


Abstract High temperature bulk superconductors are conventionally produced by sintering the mixture of the oxides or carbonates of elements. In order to improve the quality of these superconductors, finer and more homogeneous powders are necessary in preparing better superconductors. These powders can be prepared using a spray drying or a freeze drying method. In the future, a supercritical fluid drying method may be used. In the present paper, 1 discuss the advantage and disadvantage of the three drying methods, especially on the freeze drying. After description of the preparation of fine carbonates powder for the YBCO superconductor using freeze drying of suspensions obtained by coprecipitation of carbonates, I describe the complex oxides powder for the superconductor using freeze drying of suspensions through hydrolysis of metal isopoxides is mentioned. Then, the applications of the supercritical fluid drying and spray drying to prepare the powders for superconductors are described


Summary. The history, taxonomy, distribution, ecology and cultivation of the Malawi endemic Aerangis distincta (Orchidaceae) are discussed and a full botanical description of the species is provided.


In order to meet the demand of the construction of Hefei Dafangying Reservoir and of the land administration department for the data of land to be used,an investigation has been conducted by using airborne remote sensing image A variety of boundaries are determined through aerophoto interpretation combined with other advanced measuring means(GPS and TMS) This paper introduces the technical routine,current situation of land used,determination of the boundaries of land of different uses and something concerned with the edition of digital image line cadastral map and collection of data


LAYout with Gridded Objects (LAYGO), a Python-based layout-generation engine for enhancing the design productivity of custom circuit layouts in advanced CMOS processes, is presented and verified by implementing a time-interleaved SAR (TI-SAR) ADC instance in a 16 nm CMOS FinFET technology. LAYGO supports rapid generation by placing customized templates on process-specific placement grids, thereby encapsulating the design rules and process-specific structures. The templates can be located based on their relative positional information, which further enhances the description capability and portability. Interconnecting wires are routed on the grids for design rule abstractions, with additional customizations and support for multi-patterning. The functions for the on-grid placement and routing use advanced indexing and slicing with multi-dimensional object containers to improve the description and parameterization capabilities. Multiple TI-SAR ADC layouts are generated using LAYGO in 28–16 nm CMOS technologies. One instance is fabricated in a 16 nm CMOS FinFET process and measured, achieving a 38.2 dB signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio (SNDR) at 7 GS/s after digital calibration and consuming 45.2 mW. Owing to its high customization capability, the design achieved the highest sampling rate (7 GS/s) among the generated ADCs.


This work concerns the study of a double-lap bonded assembly subjected to an impact during its exposure to fire. Numerical simulations have been carried out using ABAQUS. They have shown that the most sensitive zone is the adhesive which shows an early deterioration. The adherent deteriorates less quickly but especially in the areas of the glue. Moreover, along the adhesive, the stress distribution shows a stress concentration at the edges and the average of these stresses along the length decreases as a function of the time of exposure to fire. These simulations have made it possible to investigate the evolution of stresses in the assembly subjected to fire and impact, as a function of the time of exposure to fire. This would assist designers in dimensioning bonded assemblies of composite parts in structures.


The Bonifer Springs salmon and steelhead juvenile release and adult collection facility is located in the upper Umatilla River drainage at Meacham Creek mile 2.0. The facility is one of two that are operated on the Umatilla Indian Reservation under contract with Bonneville Power Administration. Construction of the Bonifer facility was completed in the fall of 1983 and operations began in early 1984. The facility consists of a one acre spring-fed pond and a concrete fishway and adult fish holding area at the pond outlet. The facility is used for holding and spawning of adult summer steelhead and for acclimation/release of juvenile fall and spring chinook salmon and summer steelhead. The acclimation capacity is approximately 20,000 lbs. of fish. Minthorn Springs Creek is located about four miles east of Mission, Oregon, on the Umatilla Indian Reservation. It forms from several springs located immediately south of the Umatilla River. The total length of Minthorn Springs Creek is about one mile and the mouth is located at Umatilla River mile 63.7. The fishway and adult holding area of the Minthorn facility are located in Minthorn Springs Creek immediately upstream from the mouth. The juvenile raceways are located in the same general areamore » about 25 feet from the bank of Minthorn Springs Creek. Like the Bonifer Springs project, the Minthorn facility is used for adult fish holding and for temporary rearing or acclimation of juvenile salmon and steelhead to imprint the fish on the particular water source and reduce stress from trucking prior to their downstream migration. The facility was completed in December of 1985 and first used for juvenile acclimation in the Spring of 1986. An existing pond was not available at the Minthorn site so two concrete raceways (120 x 12 feet) were constructed for juvenile holding/rearing. At a water depth of 3 feet and a single-pass water exchange rate of about 800 gpm through each raceway, the facility has a rearing capacity of about 15,000 to 20,000 pounds of fish. This capacity could be exceeded if fish were held only for a brief acclimation period.« less


The alignment between a firm's business and information systems (IS) strategy is widely believed to improve business performance. One strategic IS decision being considered by many firms is the international sourcing or offshoring of IS. Given the recent growth and acceptance of IS offshoring there is a need to examine the relationship between a firm's strategic orientation and their use of IS offshoring. Thus, this paper examines a firm's IS offshoring decision and business strategy using the popular Miles and Snow business strategy typology of defender, analyzer and prospector. Interesting results are expected in showing how a firm's business strategy classification influences their offshoring decision. Different IS offshoring activities (i.e., maintenance routines vs. new application development) will be examined to distinguish how the use of IS offshoring varies across business strategy orientations. Based on our analysis, propositions are presented to guide future IS offshoring business strategy alignment research. This research is one of the first to examine the relationship between business strategy and the IS offshoring decision and could provide early insights for guiding a firm's IS offshoring decision.


Concurrent with the renaissance in English playwriting during the last quarter century has been a comparable creative surge in English staging, which had long rested on tasteful, predictable mise-en-scenes of cup and saucer drawing room comedy and melodrama, or on the equally unimaginative, albeit often elegant, mounting of poetic drama, above all of Shakespeare. It was almost as if the new drama, whether of angry young men or the absurd, sparked a similar breakthrough in explorations of stage space and movement, color, texture, and mass, rhythm and orchestration. English acting has perenially been held in high esteem, but now the work of many directors and scenographers also came to be recognized as being of equal worth. The Royal Shakespeare Company, the Old Vic and its offspring the National Theatre, and the English Stage Company all began to mount productions that recalled many of the prophetic visions of that earlier English man of theatre, Edward Gordon Craig, who celebrated the Artist of the Theatre over both playwright and actor. The English theatre is probably too deeply rooted in its homage to playwright and actor ever to go as far as Craig would have liked in scrapping the literary text and the star performer, but during the past two decades increasing international attention has been paid to directors such as Joan Littlewood, Peter Brook, Peter Hall, Trevor Nunn, John Barton, Terry Hands, John Dexter, and William Gaskill. Less celebrated but of comparable significance has been the remarkable achievement of English scenographers during the same period, as if they had risen to the challenges and opportunities provided by the new drama and the new directors. The English have dominated the most recent major international scenographic exhibitions (including top prizes at the Prague Quadrennials of 1976 and 1979), as well as the most recent Broadway seasons: the last two winners of Tony awards for design were both English (John Bury in 1980 and John Napier in 1981). Far more than skilled scene painters or elegant interior decorators, the contemporary English


The invention discloses an automatic vegetable chopper which comprises a double-sheave power component, a pushing component, a cutter component and a support component. The double-sheave power component comprises a motor, a coupling shaft connected with an output shaft of the motor, an inner locking arc, a driving lever, an outer locking arc, an inner sheave and an outer sheave. The inner locking arc, the driving lever and the outer locking arc are sequentially mounted on the coupling shaft from inside to outside. The inner sheave and the outer sheave which move alternately are symmetrically disposed on the inner side and the outer side. The pushing component comprises a synchronous pulley and a synchronous belt thereof, a pushing gear, a rack meshed with the pushing gear, and a pushing plate fixedly connected to the rack. The synchronous pulley moves synchronously with the outer sheave. The pushing gear rotates along with the synchronous pulley. The cutter component comprises a meshing gear structure, a crankshaft linkage and a cutter. The meshing gear structure moves synchronously with the inner sheave. The crankshaft linkage moves along with a meshing gear. The cutter executes lifting corresponding to the crankshaft linkage. By the automatic vegetable chopper, pushing of vegetables, driving of the cutter and coordination of the two are achieved conveniently and efficiently. In addition, the automatic vegetable chopper has the advantages of compact structure, low cost and the like.


Purpose – Interactive whiteboards (IWB) have become a common tool in education. The purpose of this paper is to look at some of the ways that this tool has been successfully used to engage and motivate teenage student learners with learning disabilities and difficulties (LLDD).Design/methodology/approach – The author draws upon his teaching practice to look at how IWBs have been used to engage and motivate teenage student learners with LLDD. The article compares the author's experiences with other teaching ideas identified, in order to reflect in more depth on teaching practice.Findings – The author concludes that interactive white boards are an effective tool for the engagement and motivation of students with learning difficulties and disabilities, despite there being very little research evidence for their use with this group in further education settings.Originality/value – Use of the interactive white board has enabled the author to deliver ideas in a different style of teaching, developing more inter...


The cutting seedlings of Alnus rubra were treated by nodulation+non-nitrogen Hoagland culture solution,non-nodulation+nitrate-nitrogen Hoagland solution,non-nodulation+non-nitrogen Hoagland solution,and non-nodulation+mixed-nitrogen Hoagland solution respectively,to show the different effects between nodulation and non-nodulation,and between nitrate-and mixed-nitrogen on physiological characteristics and biomass of Alnus rubra.The results indicated that nodulation markedly improved the growth and biomass,increased the chlorophyll content and adjusted the chlorophyll constituents.After nodulation,A.rubra maintained fairly high activities of nitrate reductase and glutamine synthetase,but the lowest activity of peroxide enzyme.Nitrogen forms also had remarkable effects on the physiological characteristics and biomass.


Professor Giuseppe Roccatagliata is a graduate in Medicine and Surgery, specialist in Neuropsychiatry and lecturer in Psychiatry. From 1982 to 1992 he lectured in General Psychopathology and is currently Professor of Psychiatry at the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery of the University of Genoa. He has always carried out clinical, research and teaching work at the clinic for nervous and mental diseases in Genoa. This clinic was formerly under the direction of Enrico Morselli and subsequently that of Ugo Cerletti. Following the division of the discipline into clinical neurology and clinical psychiatry he now carries out clinical and research work at the Institute of Neurology, and teaches at the Institute of Psychiatry. He is author of about 300 scientific publications, many of which have been published in foreign magazines: Archives Suisses de Psychiatrie et Neurologie; journal of General Psychology; Journal of Neurology ; Neurology ; Neuropsychology ; International Pharmacopsychiatry ; Revue Neurologique. He is a member of various Italian and foreign scientific societies as: Societa Italiana di Psichiatria:


As the working range goes up, micro-accelerometer confronts big challenges at sensitivity and time stability. In this paper, the scheme of design and test of a large operating range accelerometer with low drift and low noise is presented. The focus is on the structure design, process consideration and interface circuit optimization. Computer simulations of sensor structure and servo system are also introduced. The accelerometer is produced and tested. Gravity field and centrifugal measurement shows that its sensing range reaches 60g, and the full-scale nonlinearity is less than 1x10-4. The noise level is monitored to be less than 3mg/(rootHz. As the time stability is concerned, it takes a few seconds to give out a stable output, the drift less than 0.01g, and the long-term drift is as low as 3mg.


At present, the wave of digitalization represented by the new generation of information technologies such as Internet, cloud computing, big data, AI and IoT has swept the world, and networking, informationization, digitalization and intelligence have become the main direction of global development in the information age. Digital governance of cities is similar to smart cities. Solving public problems is the most direct pursuit, which requires complete and rapid solutions, as is the core of the government. In this paper, the methods of literature analysiss, empirical research, comparative research and social investigation are used to study the digital governance in the sustainable development of China. This paper evaluates and classifies digital governance in various regions of China from the perspective of quantitative demonstration. Through the analysis of the maturity of digital governance, the development of digital cities is found to be very uneven, and there are advantages and disadvantages in the development of polarized areas in the southeast coastal area, northwest area and central area. The results of maturity analysis of digital governance provide an important basic concept support for the establishment of governance model, which eliminates blindness and has rules to follow, and improves the quality, construction success rate and cycle of digital cities.


According to the Settlement Procedure, a reduction on cartel fines is granted to firms admitting their participation in a cartel agreement. In this paper, we derive the required cartel fine reduction that fulfills the objective of competition authorities to induce all cartel firms to settle. We find that such an effective reduction is negatively correlated with the likelihood that the cartel would be detected. We also show that the presence of partial ownerships among rival firms may enhance the effectiveness of the Settlement Procedure, as opposed to their negative impact on competition under a Leniency Program.


A digital watermark is an imperceptible mark placed on multimedia content for a variety of applications including copyright protection, fingerprinting, broadcast monitoring, etc. Traditionally, watermark detection algorithms are based on the correlation between the watermark and the media the watermark is embedded in. Although simple to use, correlation detection is only optimal when the watermark embedding process follows an additive rule and when the media is drawn from Gaussian distributions. More recent works on watermark detection are based on decision theory. In this paper, a maximum-likelihood (ML) detection scheme based on Bayes's decision theory is proposed for image watermarking in wavelet transform domain. The decision threshold is derived using the Neyman-Pearson criterion to minimize the missed detection probability subject to a given false alarm probability. The detection performance depends on choosing a probability distribution function (PDF) that can accurately model the distribution of the wavelet transform coefficients. The generalized Gaussian PDF is adopted here. Previously, the Gaussian PDF, which is a special case, has been considered for such detection scheme. Using extensive experimentation, the generalized Gaussian PDF is shown to be a better model.


Every year Muslims commemorate the feast of Idhul Adha. One form of celebration is done by sacrificing. Sacrifice is an amaliyah service whose provisions are regulated in Islam. Sacrifice according to etymology comes from Arabic, namely qaraba which means close. The word qurban is commensurate with the word al-udhiyyat which is defined as the name of an animal slaughtered on the Idhul Adha feast day and tasyrik days to draw closer to Allah. Whereas the term sacrifice means the slaughter of certain animals with the intention of drawing closer to Allah SWT, which is performed on the feast of Idhul Adha or in the days of Tasyrik which is the 11th, 12th and 13th of Dhulhijah. However, in Indonesia the implementation of slaughtering sacrificial animals in each region is carried out differently. Especially giving wages for slaughtering sacrificial animals. This article uses the analytical content method for the syllables' arguments and also uses the field research method, which is to gather information in the field related to the wages of slaughtering sacrificial animal sacrifices that occur in the middle of the community, especially the Tanjung Barulak district. Tanah Datar. The implementation of slaughtering sacrificial animals in the middle of the community is carried out differently. This is because this is a tradition that has been passed down for generations, both wages given in the form of meat, head, feet or parts of sacrificial animals are a reward for people who cut or clean sacrificial animals. The wages were still given but did not take from the sacrificial animal and then replaced the wages in the form of money taken or requested and collected from the sacrificial participants.


During the mainshock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake, which caused the surface rupture, strong motions (JMA seismic intensity of 7) at Mashiki town and Nishihara village were observed near the surface rupture. We carefully integrated the observed acceleration records to velocities and displacements with correcting the base-line change in acceleration records, which would be caused by the effect of tilting of the seismometer. The corrected observations show large permanent displacements, which include near-fault terms. The amounts of permanent displacements coincide to geodetic observation results. We discuss those ground motion characteristics and compare those with other near-fault ground motion records.


Measurements of the normal-incidence electroreflectance of clean, strain- free single crystals of Ag and Au with use of a novel drop-electrolyte technique shown an anisotropy on the (110) face of Ag which is not present on Au. It can be explained by field-induced indirect interband transitions which are observed in Ag but not in Au. This work shows that part of the electroreflectance spectrum of Ag arises from electrons which interact with the periodic crystal potential. (auth)


Costume literary includes people's life style, temperament of appreciate beauty, love of color and kinds of professional psychology, at the same time, costume characters basically reflect this connotation.


Objective: To investigate the role of apoptosis inhibiting genes,nuclear factor(NF-κB) and Survivin,in multidrug resistance(Mdr) in ovarian cancer cell lines after exposed to chemotherapy agent.Methods: Human epithelial ovarian cancer cell line A2780 and its platinum(DDP)-resistance cell line AD4 was used.The experiment divided into three groups: blank group(no chemotherapy agent treatment),DDP group(treatment with DDP),and Taxol group(treatment with Taxol).Expression of NF-κB,mdr1 and Survivin genes in each group was detected by using Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).G_3 PDH was used as internal for semi quantitative analysis.Apoptosis in the ovarian cancer cell lines was measured by flow cytometry.Results: After treated by DDP and Taxol for 48 hours,no significant difference of NF-κB expression was observed in both cell lines.The higher expression of Mdr1 in drug-sensitive cell line and DDP-resistant cell line was detected only after treatment with Taxol for 48 hours,separately,but had no significantly difference between them.Survivin expression was higher in the sensitive ovarian cancer cell line than in the drug-resistant cell line.Expression of Survivin had an apparent negative correlation with apoptosis rate(P0.05,r=-0.89),while no linear relation was observed between the expression of Mdr1 and apoptosis rate.Conclusions: The expression of Survivin gene did present in ovarian cancer cell lines.Survivin and NF-κB may be involved in the mechanism of multidrug resistance.The findings in the study may elucidate the possibility of providing good background target gene therapy of multidrug in ovarian cancer.


In many developing countries malaria remains one of the major public health problems. Plasmodium (P.) falciparum is responsible for potentially fatal infections mostly affecting children under 5 years old. P. vivax is re- emerging in Europe with incipient evidence of reduced chloroquine sensitivity in South East Asia and Western Pacific regions. Additionally malarial parasites are increasingly resistant to drugs thus causing an elevation of morbidity and mortality rates due to serious anemia and severe attacks. This also increases the global cost of the disease. Many pharmaceutical companies have ceased research and development of drugs for malaria exacerbating what is already a shortage of new antimalarials and drug resistance problems. Thus it is proposed that national malarial control programs should have a precise therapeutic efficacy evaluation of the drug resistance situation using standardized protocols in sentinel sites around the country. It is noted that decisions to change policy must be based on the results obtained in the light of the antimalarials available and their cost.


Thermal analysis plays a key role in the design of hybrid manufacturing processes of High-Performance Thermoplastic Composites (HP-TPC) parts. Indeed, an inadequate temperature distribution, during the transformation of these materials, could not only lead to mechanical and surface defects but also to inefficient energy consumption. These problems become difficult to avoid with the interaction of different materials within the part, and also with the influence of subsequent stages on the process. To overcome this challenge, the methodology proposed in this work aims to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of the heat sources that must be applied at each sequential stage of a process to reach a thermal objective within the part. The methodology is based on the concept of conformal cooling [1]. A surface enveloping the part is created [2]. Once a computational model is set up, the optimization problem is treated as an inverse problem subjected to constraints that depend on the process response in terms of temperature cycles. Thus, it requires the calculation of the direct problem, the adjoint-state solution, and the development of the sensitivity equations to implement a first-order gradient-based algorithm. As an application example, a thermo-stamping of HP-TPC with a metal insert followed by an over-molding process has been chosen because of the different stages and materials involved. The first results show a reduction of temperature gradients on the part surface at each stage while arriving at the established temperature level. Further analysis will include a constraint problem taking into account adhesion and/or energy criteria.


Introduction :  This study explored factors influencing multiple sexual partnerships among Nigerian undergraduates. Method:  Students aged 16-30 years took part in four focus group discussions that was followed by a cross-sectional survey involving 819 students in this age group. Result:  Peer pressure and strong moral values were identified as major factors influencing multiple sexual partnerships among students. Knowledge of sexually transmitted infection (STI), living off campus and boredom were ranked less important. Ranking of factors influencing multiple sexual partnerships however varied between male and female students. Conclusion:  The study showed that students had perceptions that various individual and environmental factors influence multiple sexual partnerships. These factors were noted to either encourage or discourage multiple sexual partnerships among students but more factors were identified as encouraging such partnerships than those discouraging it. Similarly, male students tended to rank these factors as having significant influence on multiple sexual partnerships than their female counterparts.


expected, especially given its steep $100plus price tag. Given the budget struggles in the field, many Time Bank leaders may need to inter-library loan a copy instead of dog-earing a purchase of their own. In the end, the authors have made a significant and important contribution, not only to the community currency literature, but also to the growing body of work on localism. Folks within this evolving social movement are a passionate and proud bunch; they care deeply for their communities, their values drive their behavior, and they do not want to make mistakes if they do not have to. That's why they need this book. It will not be the last book they will read on the subject, but it will certainly be viewed in time as a classic text, one that all future research must reference.


This chapter summarises the theoretical and practical consequences of human error for the design,
operation and maintenance of interactive systems. The focus is on safety-critical applications, in
industries ranging from aviation to healthcare. However, human error has an impact on all systems that
require human intervention. Individual failures have enormous financial consequences, although most cost
less than the 40.5 billion yen that was lost in 2005 when a Japanese trader agreed to sell 610,000 shares for as
little as 1 yen each, rather than one share for 610,000 yen (New York Times, 2005). Human error also has a
cumulative effect. Less dramatic errors contribute to the frustration that many computer users experience as
they work to complete deadlines and make deliveries in everyday working environments (Reason, Human
Error, 1990). If designers, managers and regulators can identify those situations in which users are likely to
make errors then we can help to minimise their impact (Johnson, Handbook of Accidents and Incidents, 2003).
This may save lives, avoid financial disaster or simply increase the sense of satisfaction that users experience
when they operate complex systems.


Silver nanoparticles have been synthesised at high concentration (>1 mol L−1) in water using a series of comb-graft copolymers. The copolymers were synthesised and then derivatised from methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) acrylate and maleic anhydride. The degree of polymerisation (number of backbone units), the nature of the adsorption group and length (MW) of the steric component were all found to be critical to the stabilisation of the nanoparticles during synthesis. The results demonstrate that a minimum steric length is required to prevent particle aggregation during synthesis. For Ag particles less than 30 nm in diameter, this corresponded to a polyethylene glycol (PEG) chain with a molecular weight of 454 g mol−1. It was shown that stabiliser molecules with a low number of backbone units were readily displaced, whereas stabilisers that possess numerous adsorption groups bind irreversibly to the particle surface. Adsorption groups were modified to test both chemisorption and physisorption functionality. Chemisorbed species were shown to be more effective stabilisers whereby concentrated Ag nanoparticles were synthesised at a smaller particle size. This was attributed to the adsorption strength and greater diffusive capabilities of the molecule.


Conca–Rossi–Valla [6] ask if every quadratic Gorenstein ring $R$ of regularity three is Koszul. In [15], we use idealization to answer their question, proving that in nine or more variables there exist quadratic Gorenstein rings of regularity three, which are not Koszul. In this paper, we study the analog of the Conca–Rossi–Valla question when the regularity of $R$ is four or more. Let $R$ be a quadratic Gorenstein ring having ${\operatorname {codim}} \ R = c$ and ${\operatorname {reg}} \ R = r \ge 4$. We prove that if $c = r+1$ then $R$ is always Koszul, and for every $c \geq r+2$, we construct quadratic Gorenstein rings that are not Koszul, answering questions of Matsuda [16] and Migliore–Nagel [19].


ABSTRACT Through a quasi-experimental design, the results of FAcilitando o conVívio com Alunos - FAVA´s program for elementary school teachers, were evaluated, aiming at promoting teaching effectiveness and reducing child behavior problems, as measured by Teacher's Effectiveness Beliefs Scale and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, respectively. The FAVA contemplated psychoeducation about cognitive model, socioemotional development and behavior modification. The comparison between experimental groups (GE1 that received complete intervention and GE2 that did not have the cognitive model) and comparison group showed the promotion of teaching staff effectiveness (GE2) and the reduction in the perception of child behavioral difficulties (GE1). The contribution of the cognitive model and socioemotional learning in interventions with teachers is emphasized.


We have investigated to obtain the high diffraction efficiency in the polarized holographic grating of the thin films. In this study, holographic gratings on amorphous As-Ge-Se-S thin films have been formed using linearly polarized He-Ne laser light(623.8nm). the dependence of diffraction efficiency as a function of film thickness and incident angle has been investigated in amorphous chalocogenide thin films, which act as a polarized holographic material. We could obtain the optimum condition to get a high diffraction efficiency. For the Bragg condition satisfied in the polarized holographic grating, we obtained the diffraction efficiency of 0.13% and the stable grating with the better resolution. In addition, we proved the capability that the device possess high storage density in the type of thin film below 1 μm thickness.


A proper understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the substructure layers is crucial for optimising the design and performance of a ballasted railway track. The recent advent of high‐speed trains and heavy haul freight wagons has heightened this need more than ever. The accurate prediction of the long‐term performance of the railway tracks under increased speed and loads still remains an intriguing challenge for researchers and design engineers. In this context, the present paper proposes a simplified geotechnical rheological model to evaluate the viscoelasto‐plastic response of the track substructure layers. The proposed approach combines plastic slider, elastic springs and viscous dampers to predict the transient response during a train passage, and the irrecoverable deformation accumulated in the track substructure over an operational period. The model simulates tri‐layered substructure (ballast, subballast, and subgrade) in comparison with existing rheological approaches employing either single or dual‐layered substructure. The model is validated against the field data published in the literature. An acceptable agreement between the predicted results and the field data verifies the accuracy of the model. Parametric investigations are conducted to study the influence of train and track parameters on the cumulative track deformation. The results demonstrate the enhanced capability of the rheological model to adequately capture the crucial effects of axle load, train speed and thickness of granular layers on the accumulation of track settlement. The proposed method can provide an effective tool for the practising engineers for quick prediction of changes to the geometry of railway tracks over their operational periods.


This paper deals with the description of morphological structure and biological habits in Mustus sp.. The juvenile rearing test was carried out in ponds and the seed rearing technique in Mustus sp. was understood.


The invention relates to a pulse ultrasonic wave transmitting circuit which comprises a trigger control module and a pulse generating module, wherein the trigger control module is used for generating a control signal suitable for industrial detection of pulse ultrasonic wave; the pulse generating module consists of a DC power supply, a boost circuit, an impedance matching circuit, an MOS pipe driving unit, a protective circuit and an ultrasonic transducer, and is used for generating high-frequency and high-voltage electric pulse signals for driving the ultrasonic transducer to transmit a pulse ultrasonic signal according to the requirement; the boost circuit is used for further boosting the high-voltage electric pulse signal; the impedance matching circuit is used for improving the load capacity of the circuit so as to improve the pulse ultrasonic wave form; the MOS pipe driving unit is used for lifting a trigger control signal so as to control an MOS pipe to be connected and disconnected; the MOS pipe is used for controlling the charge and discharge frequency; the protective circuit is used for controlling the overhigh current and the charge and discharge directions in a control circuit; and the ultrasonic transducer is used for industrial nondestructive testing, and has the centre frequency within the range of 1-10MHz.


We develop and test a model linking ethical leadership with unit ethical culture, both across and within organizational levels, examining how both leadership and culture relate to ethical cognition...


Background/Purpose: Crohn's disease (CD) has increased in the Asia-Pacific area in the past two decades. There is not a single gold standard for diagnosing CD; diagnosis is usually made through a combination of clinical, endoscopic, histological, and radiological investigations. Previously, CD was usually diagnosed postoperatively by histological examination. The aim of this study was to elucidate the change in the diagnostic pattern for CD in our hospital over the past 15 years. Methods: A total of 36 CD patients were retrospectively enrolled from the electronic clinical database of Changhua Christian Hospital, Taiwan in the period of January 2000- October 2014. The clinical characteristics and pathological, endoscopic, and radiological findings were analyzed. Results: There was a significant increase in non-surgical diagnosis of CD over the past 15 years. Comparing CD data before and after 2011, the percentage of diagnoses made after surgery was higher before 2011 than after 2011 (35% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.042). Higher proportions of ileal disease (p = 0.03), stricturing disease (p = 0.046), and radiologic evidence of luminal stenosis (80%, p = 0.047) were noted among patients diagnosed with CD postoperatively. Inflammatory disease (p = 0.044) and an endoscopic finding of aphthous ulcers (54.2%, p = 0.025) were found more frequently in patients diagnosed with CD without surgery. Pathological findings of non-caseating granuloma were observed more frequently in surgical specimens as compared with endoscopic specimens (50.0% vs. 7.4%, p = 0.016). There were no significant differences in terms of age of diagnosis, sex, and perianal disease between patients diagnosed with CD with or without surgery. Conclusion: CD has increased in Taiwan in the past 15 years. In the early period, CD was diagnosed when complications occurred postoperatively, i.e., perforation or obstruction. The low yield rate of endoscopic biopsies and a lack of clinical suspicion contributed to delayed diagnosis of CD. There has been an increase in nonsurgical diagnosis of CD since 2011; early diagnosis has been more common in recent years due to clinical awareness of the disease, which has changed the diagnostic pattern.


The border issue of governments' public service functions has been the focus among scholars for a long time.To clearly define the governments' public service functions,we need to make a certain kind of theory choice.In fact,based on the evolution of western theory on the public functions of government,the development process of Western governments' public service functions can be divided into three stages:the night watchman style government,the welfare state style government,and the rational multi-cooperation style government.Meanwhile,the evolution process of Western governments' public services functions is accompanied by the development of market organization and NGOs.


The human gait contains the information of lower limb movement posture. Gait recognition and analysis can provide control information for lower limb rehabilitation robots. In different gait phases, the position of the foot touching the ground is different. Therefore, gait classification can be performed according to plantar pressure. This study investigated the changes in plantar pressure information during human lower limb walking. Firstly, the STM32 single-chip microcomputer is used to collect the plantar pressure information detected by the high dynamic force sensing resistor(HD-FSR); secondly, the collected information is transmitted to the upper computer through Bluetooth; finally, all kinds of gait phases pressure features are analyzed and classified. Since the two constant parameters in the Support Vector Machine(SVM) classification algorithm have a great influence on the classification effect, a SVM classification algorithm based on the Particle Swarm Optimization(PSO) is proposed to realize the recognition of different phases.


We have re-analyzed the data used by Bessel, von Struve, and Henderson in the 1830s to measure the first parallax distances to stars. We can generally reproduce their results, although we find that von Struve and Henderson have underestimated some of their measurement errors, leading to optimistic parallax uncertainties. We find that temperature corrections for Bessel's measured positions are larger than anticipated, explaining some systematics apparent in his data. It has long been a mystery as to why von Struve first announced a parallax for Vega of 0.125 arcsec, only later with more data to revise it to double that value. We resolve this mystery by finding that von Struve's early result used two dimensions of position data, which independently give significantly different parallaxes, but when combined only fortuitously give the correct result. With later data, von Struve excluded the "problematic" dimension, leading to the larger parallax value. Allowing for likely temperature corrections, and using his data from both dimensions, reduces von Struve's parallax for Vega to a value consistent with the correct value.


The psychological distance Buro proposed is a proposition with important theories value and practical meaning in the aesthetic field, which mainly claims that the aesthete should appreciate the object with disinterestedness, pure, and purposeless attitude. Such thought possesses inherent consistency with the spirit of Chinese aesthetic tradition, therefore, Chinese gardens classical, as a representative of a comprehensive art of time and space, it also presents psychological distance thought inevitably. This paper explores three approaches of realizing psychological distance in a classical garden and takes the classical master-of-the-nets garden as an example to demonstrate the approaches of realizing psychological distance in garden art.


The WW gamma triple gauge boson coupling parameters are studied using p (p) over bar -> l nu gamma + X(l = e, mu) events at root s = 1.96 TeV. The data were collected with the D0 detector from an integrated luminosity of 162 pb(-1) delivered by the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The cross section times branching fraction for p (p) over bar -> W(gamma) + X -> l nu gamma + X with E-T(gamma) > 8 GeV and Delta R-l gamma > 0.7 is 14.8 +/- 1.6(stat) +/- 1.0(syst) +/- 1.0(lum) pb. The one-dimensional 95% confidence level limits on anomalous couplings are -0.88 < Delta kappa(gamma) < 0.96 and -0.20 < lambda(gamma) < 0.20.


This paper analyzes the requirements of the students and teachers for E-commerce course through investigation,and advances some suggestions on developing the case teaching in E-commerce course of higher vocational college.


. Results of numerical calculation due to binary homogeneous nucle ation theory by cluster-cluster interaction are compared with recent exper imental results. Some problems involved in this numerical calculation are summarized.


Article history: Received on: 03/06/2014 Revised on: 14/07/2014 Accepted on: 03/08/2014 Available online: 27/08/2014 Introduction: Analgesic nephropathy is a preventable cause of chronic renal failure that occurs due to excessive use of over the counter (OTC) analgesics. Misuse or long term use of OTCs' without prior consultation from any healthcare professional leads to serious health problems. Case presentation: Current is the case of a 48 years old woman who was presented to hospital complaining of high blood pressure and breathlessness. Patient was neither diabetic nor hypertensive. Upon examination, it was revealed that she is suffering from analgesic nephropathy due to long term use of Ibuprofen for her knee pain. Patient was diagnosed with chronic renal failure with associated hypertension. Conclusion: Long term use of OTCs' without prior consultation of healthcare providers may lead to serious unwanted side effects and complications. Misuse of such medications should be strictly discouraged and such patients should be encouraged to undergo renal screening tests as early as possible.


Purpose: The research has the purpose of undertaking a comparative study of the manual and electronic process of recruitment as well as selection process specifically in the context of the SMEs belongs to the healthcare industry of Dublin.

Methodological Approach: For collecting data to address the research purpose, the research utilised interview as the primary tool and literature sources to be the secondary approach. The sample for the interview has involved 7 healthcare workers and HR professionals from Dublin healthcare organisations. This sample was suitable for obtaining relevant data for undertaking the comparative analysis of manual and electronic recruitment process within the Dublin healthcare industry. Further, the inductive approach has been employed in the study for having broader prospects and performing in-depth investigation for attaining desired outcomes with the fulfilment of core research purpose of obtaining issues and effectiveness concerned with manual versus electronic recruitment process.

Findings: The data findings of this study suggests that manual process has been complicated and lengthy as well as complex for reaching global level candidates in the recruitment procedure. Electronic process is presently utilised in Dublin's healthcare industry and associated SMEs which is effective in reaching global candidates in the minimal amount of time but still, it has limitations such as expensiveness and failure in meeting the level of analysing right candidate as in the manual process. Thus, the mixed approach has obtained to be suitable for Dublin healthcare industry for recruitment and selection.

Research Limitations: The research has considerable limitations in terms of the limited sample size for conducting the interview that restricts the amount of data findings and somehow less responsive interviewees in the interview.

Practical Implications: In terms of practical implications, it can be said that the research is beneficial for healthcare organisations in understanding the value of the manual process of recruitment and would enable them to enhance their recruitment process by providing the opinion regarding adoption of mix approach including both electronic and manual process.

Originality: Although there has been the remarkable share of previous studies, still a gap has been present regarding the constant comparative analysis of manual versus the electronic process of recruitment and selection which is addressed by the present study.


The relationship between farming households' knowledge and food safety practices on white and red meats is well documented in the existing scientific literature. Despite that, the population is still neutral on the knowledge and food safety practices related to white and red meats. This study intended to gain insight into the knowledge and food safety practices of the Nigerian farming households' population about white and red meat handling through a questionnaire survey. A survey was administered to a sample of selected 125 farming households' heads (42% female and 58% male) through a multi-stage sampling technique in the Wase Local Government Area, Plateau State, Nigeria. Topics covered by the questionnaire included their characteristics, knowledge and food safety practices on white and red meats. The farming households had basic knowledge of food safety (3.12) and they sometimes engaged in food safety practices on red and white meats (3.33). This survey revealed that farming households' knowledge of food safety on red and white meats was in significant positive correlation with their frequency of food safety practices on red and white meats (r = 0.297; p < 0.05). However, an advanced extension of prevailing information will help sustain farming households' lives and promote good health in the studied area.


The paper benefitted from comments of participants on an earlier draft of the paper presented at a workshop on the EU fuels standards held in Brussels on February 26, 2015, organized by General Motors. The MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change, where the authors are affiliated, is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science under grants DE-FG02-94ER61937, DE-FG02-08ER64597, DE-FG02-93ER61677, DE-SC0003906, DE-SC0007114, XEU-0-9920-01; the U.S. Department of Energy, Oak Ridge National Laboratory under Subcontract 4000109855; the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency under grants XA-83240101, PI-83412601-0, RD-83427901-0, XA-83505101-0, XA-83600001-1, and subcontract UTA12-000624; the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants AGS-0944121, EFRI-0835414, IIS-1028163, ECCS-1128147, ARC-1203526, EF-1137306, AGS-1216707, and SES-0825915; the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grants NNX06AC30A, NNX07AI49G, NNX11AN72G and Sub Agreement No. 08-SFWS-209365.MIT; the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration under grants 06-C-NE-MIT, 09-C-NE-MIT, Agmt. No. 4103-30368; the U.S. Department of Transportation under grant DTRT57-10-C-10015; the Electric Power Research Institute under grant EP-P32616/C15124, EP-P8154/C4106; the U.S. Department of Agriculture under grant 58-6000-2-0099, 58-0111-9-001; and a consortium of 35 industrial and foundation sponsors (for the complete list see: http://globalchange.mit.edu/sponsors/all).


A method for finding an approximate solution of a linear two-point boundary value problem with time-varying coefficients is proposed. Properties of Taylor series are first briefly presented and the transformation matrix relating the back vector to the current time vector together with the operation matrix of integration for Taylor series are utilized to solve the linear two-point boundary value problems. The method is computationally very attractive and applications are demonstrated through illustrative examples.


The toxicity of CEH bleaching effluents was studied with photobacteria. The toxicity of C stage was the strongest, its EC_ 50 was 17.39%, belonging to the strongest toxicity level. The EC_ 50 of E, H stages were 163.6% and 252.4% respectively. Both belonging to the no toxicity level. The total toxicity emission factor(TEF) of CEH was 472.021 TU·m3·t -1.The TEF of C stage was 393.88 TU·m3·t -1, about 83.45% of the total toxicity emission factor. The TEF of E and H stages was 10.03% and 6.52% respectively.


Breast cancer occurs with high frequency among women. In most cases, the main early signs appear as mass and calcification. Distinguishing masses from normal tissues is still a challenging work as mass varies with shapes, margins and sizes. In this paper, a novel method for mass detection in mammograms was presented. First, morphology operators are employed to locate mass candidates. Then anisotropic diffusion was applied to make mass region display better multiple concentric layers (MCL). Finally an extended concentric morphology model (ECMM) criterion combining MCL criterion and template matching was proposed to detect masses. This method was examined on 170 images from Digital Database for Screening Mammography (DDSM) database. The detection rate is 93.92% at 1.88 false positives per image (FPs/I), demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method.


Modern Chinese poets,especially poets of Taiwan usually pay more attention to poem' s shape.They havewritten many wonderful visual poems.The beauty of form of poem has been taken away by the reason that the musicalform of poetry is not important in Modern Chinese poetry.So the shape of poem has become more important.The visualvalue of Chinese words and the different ideas of Chinese are useful to write visual poems.But we can not extremelyemphasize the importance of visual and regard modern Chinese poetry as visual art.


Following the global financial crisis, there are concerns that support for international economic integration is declining. Indeed, studies have found that poor economic performance decreases public support for economic integration. However, polls suggest that support for monetary union within the EU remains high in countries hit by the eurozone crisis, while support for other forms of integration, such as globalization, has dropped considerably. I argue that this puzzle can be explained by differentiating between integration in the form of liberalization, in which the role of governance over market forces is reduced, and harmonization, in which it is maintained. Following a crisis, citizens are more sensitive to the risks associated with free market forces, reducing support for liberalization. By contrast, support for harmonization is maintained, as citizens view this type of economic integration as safer in times of crisis. Findings from a regression analysis of survey data from before and after the outbreak of the eurozone crisis support my argument, suggesting that citizens only continue to support globalization during the deepening crisis if they believe in the ability of governance to curb the negative effects of liberalization. By contrast, support for the euro increases as the crisis worsens, regardless of citizens' beliefs about the effectiveness of governance in liberalization. ∗Cornell University, Department of Government, firstname.lastname@example.com The eurozone crisis ravaged the economies of Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain, resulting in recession and a series of controversial bailout loans granted by the European Union (EU) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The crisis was particularly devastating for Greece, which was brought to the edge of bankruptcy several times and was required by the EU to adopt a raft of austerity measures in order to reduce its deficit and receive loans. These requirements were deeply unpopular among Greek citizens and politicians, leading to violent protests against the government, the EU, and the IMF. Politicians denounced the terms of the bailout agreements as "occupation" and "dictatorship" by Greece's international lenders. In a 2015 referendum on the conditions for a new bailout agreement, a decisive majority of Greek voters rejected the bailout. The eurozone crisis is commonly considered a factor in explaining increasing nationalist and eurosceptic sentiment across Europe. It is puzzling, therefore, that popular support for European monetary union (in the form of the euro as a single currency) has been maintained throughout the crisis. In fact, in countries hit hardest by the crisis – Greece, Ireland, Italy, Portugal and Spain – average support for the euro increased slightly, from 67.4% in 2008 to 68.2% in 2012. Meanwhile, support for another form of economic integration – globalization – has decreased substantially in these countries within the same time frame, from 61.9% to 48.9%. Why has the euro maintained popular support in crisis-struck countries, in contrast to other forms of economic integration? This puzzle cannot easily be explained with reference Niki Kitsantonis and Rachel Donadio, "Greek parliament passes austerity plan after riots rage," The New York Times, 12 February 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/13/world/europe/greeks-pessi mistic-in-anti-austerity-protests.html. See, for instance, "LAOS dismisses prospect of commissioner in Greece," Athens News Agency, 29 January 2012, and "Karatzaferis sends letter to EU institution leaders, criticises measures proposed for Greece," Athens News Agency, 31 January 2012. Ian Traynor, John Hooper and Helena Smith, "Greek referendum no vote signals huge challenge to eurozone leaders," The Guardian, 5 July 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jul/05/ greek-referendum-no-vote-signals-huge-challenge-to-eurozone-leaders. See, for instance, Christopher Alessi and James McBride, "The Eurozone in Crisis," Council on Foreign Relations, 11 February 2015. European Commission, Eurobarometer 69.2 and 77.3, March-May 2008 and May 2012, Ann Arbor, Michigan: ICPSR.


Autoethnography is an emerging category of qualitative research that seeks to connect the rigorous analysis of traditional science with the undeniable influence of human experience [1]. Despite remaining under-utilized within surgical and simulation-based education research [2], autoethnography has great potential for sharing systematic, personal reflections with the wider readership, particularly with surgical trainees who rely on experiential learning as a cornerstone of their training. This study examines the use of autoethnography to investigate virtual reality (VR) temporal bone (TB) drilling simulation as a learning tool for Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) training from the perspective of a surgical novice.
 The primary researcher undertook 16 three-hour sessions learning to perform a virtual cortical mastoidectomy on the Voxel-Man TempoSurg (VMT) TB simulator from October 2021 to July 2022. Qualitative data including field notes and reflective journal logs were collected using a template. These data were coded using NVivo12 and analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Additional quantitative data on surgical simulation performance derived from the Modified Welling Scale and Modified Stanford Assessment were plotted using Microsoft Excel and statistically analysed using simple linear regression.
 Six themes were ultimately yielded relating to the learning experience: (1) VMT as a surgical learning tool, (2) internal and external causes of rushing leading to inaccuracy, (3) overcoming VMT technological issues, (4) reflecting on reflection and the importance of feedback, (5) the physical impact of surgery on the operator and (6) overcoming demotivation. The author's reflections on each theme were subsequently discussed in detail and analysed in the context of the current literature to meet the study objectives. Statistical analysis of the quantitative data demonstrated statistically significant improvements in procedural skills and ability over the 16-session period (
 This study demonstrates a novel application of autoethnography showing VR TB simulation to be an effective ENT training tool for learning anatomy and technical skills when used in combination with the regimented reflection and feedback of autoethnography. We found that rushing caused by assessment-driven behaviour and hunger led to errors. These errors led to demotivation and stress, emotions frequently experienced by operating surgeons [3]. Therefore, we have also demonstrated that VR TB simulation can successfully model several human factors commonly found in operating theatres which must be self-identified and prompt seeking senior support to prevent patient harm. This evidence should provide a springboard for future autoethnographic research in the field of surgical and simulation-based literature.
 Authors confirm that all relevant ethical standards for research conduct and dissemination have been met. The submitting author confirms that relevant ethical approval was granted, if applicable.


A progressive neurodegenerative disease, Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies suggest that highly expressed protein isoaspartate methyltransferase 1 (PCMT1) in brain tissue. In the current study, we explored the effects of neural stem cell-conditioned medium (NSC-CDM) on the PCMT1/MST1 pathway to alleviate Aβ25-35-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. Our data suggested that Aβ25-35 markedly inhibited cell viability. NSC-CDM or Neural stem cell-complete medium (NSC-CPM) had a suppression effect on toxicity when treatment with Aβ25-35, with a greater effect observed with NSC-CDM. Aβ25-35 + NSC-CDM group exhibited an increase in PCMT1 expression. sh-PCMT1 markedly decreased cell proliferation and suppressed the protective role of NSC-CDM through the induction of apoptosis and improved p-MST1 expression. Overexpression of PCMT1 reversed the Aβ25-35-induced decrease in cell proliferation and apoptosis. In summary, our findings suggest that NSC-CDM corrects the Aβ25-35induced damage to cells by improving PCMT1 expressions, which in turn reduces phosphorylation of MST1.


Objective To explore the therapeutic effectiveness of mini-invasive Nd∶YAG laser vaporization on glottic Tis and T1 tumors and its effect on cellular immune function. Methods 34 patients with glottic Tis or T1 squamous cell carcinoma were treated with Nd∶YAG laser vaporization by fiber-laryngoscopy. Both before and after therapy, the serum levels of soluble interleukin-2 receptor(SIL-2R), interleukin-2(IL-2) and activity of natural killers(NK) were determined using double-antibody sandwich technique, tritiated thymidine-deoxyribonucleoside incoporation, and iodine 125-uridine-deoxyribonucleoside release techniques, respectively. Results 33 of the 34 patients are alive, and 27 of the 34 patients have been followed up for 3 to 7 years. The recurrence rate was 14 8%(4/27) and cure rate 85 2%(23/27). The post-Nd∶YAG laser therapy serum level of SIL-2R was significantly declined (P0 001) while that of IL-2 and the activity of NK were significantly increased (P0 001) as compared with those of before treatment. Conclusions The therapy with Nd∶YAG laser vaporization by fiber-laryngoscopy is effective, simple, safe, mini-invasive for patients with glottic Tis and T1 tumors, and has an immunologically enhancing effect on the host.


A new annealing method is introduced whereby a silicon wafer is irradiated by a short heat pulse generated by CW lamps. Results of the annealing process obtained from medium-dose arsenic-implanted silicon are similar to those obtained from nonmelting short heat treatments-complete activation of the implanted dopant with no diffusion or distortion of the impurity profile. Investigation of the crystal structure by means of TEM indicates a lack of any defects down to a resolution of 10 Å. Because of its simplicity, heat-pulse annealing has the potential of higher throughput in comparison to equivalent laser or electron-beam irradiation.


Opportunistic Networks (ONs) can be defined as temporary, operator-governed, coordinated extension of the infrastructure. These opportunistic networks can be used for extending the coverage of cellular networks, for offloading traffic from cellular networks by using direct connections between the devices or for opportunistic capacity extensions. While work has already been made or is ongoing on how to create and maintain such opportunistic networks, this paper analyses the probabilities that such opportunistic networks can be established and maintained in the different scenarios.


A ten-year-old girl with situs inversus, levoversion, ventricular inversion and transposition of the great arteries is reported. The electrocardiogam was compatible with the diagnosis of situs inversus and ventricular inversion. The frontal roentgenogram showed a right-sided ascending aorta in situs inversus which permits the diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries. The angiocardiogram demonstrated that the aorta is anterior and right-sided in relation to the pulmonary artery and communicated with the morphologic right ventricle. A subvalvular diaphragmatic pulmonary stenosis was also visualized. The need for establishing a relationship of the visceral situs to the cardiac apex is discussed for the purpose of determining the type of heart malposition. The embryologic developmental disturbances are analyzed.


Essential oils (EOS), which naturally come from plants, have significant antibacterial properties against a variety of pathogens, but their high volatility and poor water solubility severely restrict their use in the textile industry. In this study, an inclusion complex based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD)/EOS was prepared by two different simple methods: pad dry cure (method 1) and pad batch (method 2). A glyoxal crosslinking agent was used for the fixation of the inclusion complexes on the surface of the fabric. Lavender, rosemary, salvia, and lemon essential oils were applied. The structure of the β-CD/EOs inclusion complex was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and weight gain (%), which indicated that the β-CD/EOs were successfully deposited on cellulose-based fabric. The results demonstrated that β-CD enhanced the oils' scent stability, with the advantage of exhibiting no major change in the tensile strength or permeability of cotton. Lavender oil had the highest stability scent with a value of 3.25, even after 30 days of evaluation. The antibacterial activity showed that EOS/βCD-impregnated fabrics for method 1 had an inhibition zone ranging from 33 to 23 mm, while the inhibition zone for method 2 ranged from 39 mm to 29 mm, indicating that our treatment was able to control the growth of bacteria, even after five washing cycles. This study confirmed that the EOs/βCD inclusion-complex-deposited cotton fabric might hold further promise for medical and hospital use.


This study is based on the impact of e-governance on economy of rural people through t-test anlysis of sample size of 790 repondents from rural Punjab. The evaluation of e-governance conducted through this study. This study reveals that people has to face corruption & harassment while availing these services, however the level of harassment & corruption is different for different services. There is no doubt that E-Governance has increased Transperancy & Efficency. As a result services are being delivered very efficiently through Information Technology to far away & distinct places also which is proving as tool of social & economic change in lives of rural people.


Parkinson's disease is one of the mos t common central nervous sys tem damaging diseases which mainly affects the elderly. The variety of disorders and complications associated with the disease puts the patients in so much trouble. Some of these problems include disorder in balance, walking and Decrease in quality of life. The purpose of this s tudy was Comparing the effectiveness of selected tai chi exercises and core s tabilization exercises on balance and quality of life in Parkinson patients. In this s tudy, 36 Parkinson patients were purposefully selected and were divided into three groups; Tai Chi, core s tabilization exercises and control group. Biodex balance sys tem meter and Quality of Life Ques tionnaire were used to measure the patients' balance and Quality of Life. The two experimental groups underwent Tai Chi and core s tabilization exercises for 8 weeks. MANCOVA was used to analyze the results. Statis tical results showed that there was a significant difference between balance in the control group with tai chi and core s tability groups (P<0/05). There was no significant difference between the two experimental groups (P>0/05). This means that the effect of these exercises in improving balance is equal. Because of Improving Balance and Quality of Life, we recommend tai chi and core s tabilization exercises as a complementary treatment alongside medicinal treatments for Parkinson patients.


This paper aims to exploration on how the life events and school adjustment action on anxiety and depression among senior high school students of inland Xinjiang Class,574 counselors finished the Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ALSEC),Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),Self-Rating Depression Scale(SAD),and the School-social Behavior Scales(SSBS).Results show that:(1)The impact of life events was light and the detection rate of Anxiety symptoms was low,but the rate of depression was significantly high.(2)The differences of ALSEC,SAS,SDS and SSBS among kinds of group were significant,and the correlation of them were in significant level.(3)The ALSEC predicted the SAS and SDS directly,at the same time through positive social behavior indirectly predict SAS and SDS,and indirectly predict SAS through negative social behavior.It can be concluded that life events played a direct role to predict anxiety and depression and school adjustment mediating effect role between life events and mental health among senior high school students of inland Xinjiang Class.


The GEOdatabase is Swiss Re's group wide standard repository for geographical data. It is fully integrated into the company's IT infrastructure and covers a vast range of worldwide administrative information, including data on countries, states, counties, zip codes and communities as well as global natural hazard information. Various demands need to be satisfied to supply corporate applications with up-to-date geographical information from a single centralized database. Accordingly, the daily business of Swiss Re's GEO Services team ranges from client and data migration support to developing solutions for tool-specific data requirements. While data updates and maintenance are the essential basis for ongoing quality improvement, they must not affect the normal course of business. To ensure smooth operation, Swiss Re has therefore implemented a set of clearly defined data update workflows and information and feedback processes. Swiss Re Swiss Re is one of the world's largest reinsurance companies. The company operates through more than 70 offices in over 30 countries providing risk transfer, risk financing, and asset management. Swiss Re has been in the reinsurance business since its foundation in Zurich, Switzerland, in 1863. It is organized into three business groups Property & Casualty, Life & Health and Financial Services which are supported by the Corporate Centre. Reinsurance provides insurance for insurance companies to spread the risk of direct insurers. This requires Swiss Re to constantly improve its methods for assessing and managing risks one possibility is using GIS for research and analysis. a GEOservices at Swiss Re GEOservices are part of Cat Perils and Tools, Chief Underwriting Office. The team provides internal and external GIS support as well as tool development. The GEO Service team supports new and existing applications/tools with required geographic data, updates and datasets. It also helps internal clients to migrate their geographic information by mapping existing names/codes to their corresponding values stored in the GEOdatabase. The team maintains and updates applications such as the Interactive Hazard Atlas and CatNet for Clients for online access to geographic information. It also visualizes claims data and provides tool specific data for Swiss Re internal tools. GIS technology at Swiss Re helps to better assess natural hazards and man-made risks. GIS software is also used for data preparation for modeling, for analyzing portfolio data and their display using electronic maps. In 1996 Swiss Re decided to choose Geographic Information Systems from ESRI. Arc/Info and ArcView were used in the Natural Catastrophe unit only for providing group-wide services (e.g. portfolio distributions, mapping, support for earthquake and flood modeling). In 1999 the first electronic Natural Hazard Atlas, an intranet based application, was launched. In 2000 an Internet Natural Hazard Atlas followed. In 2001 server based Catastrophe Rating functions together with GIS services were implemented. In 2004 the implementation of web based services (address encoding and flood lookup) was realized. The GEOdatabase is now established as company wide standard of geographic information. Currently, the full suite of enterprise software products (ArcGIS, ArcSDE, ArcIMS) is used to satisfy the growing demands of the user community for access to data, analysis and mapping. The geographical information is stored in Oracle (the attribute data is also available in DB2) and is available in all standard environments. GIS/RATOS Services at Swiss Re *n et /O LT P J2 EE in fr as tu ct ur e Oracle S w is s R e' s cl ie nt a pp lic at io ns


A probe was designed for viewing beam deflection pulses of plus or minus 50 kv amplitude and plus or minus 0.1 mu sec in pulsed-beam studies. The design required that it withstand the voltages involved and provide large attenuation to yield a convenient output amplitude. The geometry and electrical circuit of the probe are illustrated. (B.O.G.)


Although about 225000 t dry matter (DM) pea straw is produced annually in the UK, no recent data exist with respect to its nutritive value when offered to ruminants. This study, to examine field pea crop waste (straw) from 12 commercial cultivars of combining peas, was therefore undertaken when material grown as pan of a European field pea network trial at Reading in 1998 was made available. The straw was subjected to chemical analysis and examined in vitro using the Reading Pressure Technique to generate gas production profiles and to determine both rate and extent of DM and organic matter degradation. Ash and crude protein (CP) concentrations (69 and 65 g kg(-1) DM) were generally lower than published values for legume straws but higher, especially CP, than cereal straws. Neutral-detergent fibre concentrations were slightly lower, and metabolizable energy (ME) values, derived from degradable organic matter assessed in vitro (iOMD), higher than cereal straws, ranging from 6.0 to 8.1 MJ ME kg(-1) DM. Both cumulative gas production and rate of gas release varied significantly between cultivars, as did degradation with 96-h iOMD values ranging from 468 to 602 g kg(-1). By combining these with the quantity of material harvested, ME yields for the different cultivars were found to range from 15 to 27 GJ ME ha(-1). Considerable, and general highly significant, variation was found between the cultivars examined, which may be used to rank straws with respect to their nutritive value. The cultivars Baccara and Solara followed by Athos and Vital were readily ranked higher than the other cultivars in terms of in vitro fermentation parameters and ME yields. These data suggest that pea straw, although often incorporated into the soil in post-harvest operations, shows excellent potential as a ruminant forage feedstuff.


The present invention relates to a orodispersible solid pharmaceutical dosage unit is a weight 50 to 1000 mg, 50 to 99% by weight of the core particles, and wrapping said core particles comprise 1-50 wt% of the coating, 5 a 100 wt% of the coated particles, the coating is from 0.01 to 10 wt%, oxytocin, carbetocin, atosiban and delivery control material selected from combinations thereof, 5 to 50 wt% buffer , allowed 15 to 80 wt% of the branched glucans, other 0-78 wt%, consisting acceptable ingredient as a pharmaceutical, and coated particles, one or more pharmaceutically from 0 to 95 wt% is the made as excipients include delivery control material of at least 20 [mu] g, pH buffering range is 3.5 to 5.7, to provide an orally disintegrating solid pharmaceutical dosage units. Solid dosage units of the present invention, manufacturing is easy, sublingual, completely suitable for administration buccal or lips. Furthermore, the dosage unit does not need to be distributed is stored in a temperature-controlled conditions. .BACKGROUND


The wide variation in reported cupric hydroxide solubility constants is attributed to the age of the solid, kinetic limitations in approaching equilibrium, and transient formation of basic copper nitrate solids. In situations similar to those where cupric hydroxide solubility constants were determined via precipitation in dilute nitrate solutions, copper nitrate solids (gerhadtite) form first followed by a rapid transition to cupric hydroxide and then a slower transition to tenorite. In solutions containing hydroxide and nitrate as the sole anionic constituents, fresh cupric hydroxide solids control soluble copper concentrations for minutes to days depending on pH and temperature. Thus, although a log K of 9.36 ± 0.02 was most consistent with the experimental data for Cu(OH)2 solubility, decreasing log K values from 9.36 [fresh Cu(OH)2] to 7.6 [CuO] can be expected with aging as controlled by temperature, pH, and other factors.


Based on the data from the field study on 334 pig households in the suburbs of Jinan,Qingdao,Yantai and Weifang,empirical analysis of the quality assurance consciousness and its influencing factors was conducted.Result showed that,at present,most of the pig households' consciousness of quality assurance in using drug additive were weak.And the consciousness was influenced by many factors,such as the household's age,education degree,the number of live pig,his(her) training situation of pig raising,the service provided by the department of poultry epidemic prevention,media and companion's behavior.


The interaction between Sb and As is investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy of InAs (001) surfaces. Sb roughens the surface by increasing the coverage of divots (vacancy clusters) and two dimensional islands, which both possess a c(4 × 4) reconstruction. ab initio total energy calculations predict that the As-terminated β2(2 × 4) transforms into In-Sb heterodimer terminated c(4 × 4) configurations with increasing Sb chemical potential, which causes the roughening by pulling atoms from the terrace. Thus we propose an alternative model for interfacial broadening by intermixing rather than by surface segregation.


Transmission of electomagnetic waves through amorphous ribbons during ferromagnetic resonance is described. Such transmission, already observed in Fe78Si10B12 ribbons, is observed at one surface of the sample when ferromagnetic resonance is induced at the opposite surface. In experiments, ribbon samples were inserted between two resonant cavities tuned to the same frequency. Microwave transmission peaked at a field strength corresponding to that of the resonance absorption (600 Oe), and transmission peaks were also observed for Fe4.7Co70.3Si10Bi15 amorphous alloy ribbons and Permalloy ribbons, but not for Ni foil. The transmission depends on the type of sample and the angle of the applied dc magnetic field.


The author focuses on two modes of audiovisual translation – dubbing and voice-over. The aim of this paper is to dispel the myth of absolute cultural non-translatability, and excerpts from films about super heroes are examined to this purpose. An audiovisual translator faces many challenges, and translation strategies for texts characterised by cultural elements are not only helpful but indispensable in facilitating the translation process. One such strategy is adaptation, which proves to be highly effective and contributes to the positive reception of films by their intended viewers. The correct interpretation of the cultural fragments determines the accessibility of the language and can contribute to enhancing the humorous effect in the Polish language version. The analyzed movie excerpts demonstrate that the Polish versions contain creative and sometimes unexpected translational ideas for adapting the source-culture elements to the target culture, resulting in dialogue that is appreciated by Polish viewers. Keywords: untranslatability, source culture, target culture, AVT, adaptation


Abstract Two experiments tested the hypothesis that prereading instructions, including how to self-explain during reading, would enhance multiple-text comprehension for college readers. Three prereading instruction conditions included a control condition that provided only the instruction for participants to try to comprehend well; a definition-only instruction condition that required participants to self-explain during reading after they were provided a definition of self-explanation; and a definition-plus-modeling instruction condition that required participants to self-explain during reading after a researcher provided the definition and then modeled the strategy on a similar text. In both experiments, participants read three texts and then completed reading comprehension assessments. Results revealed that the definition-only instruction condition yielded better performance on comprehension assessments. Post-hoc analyses showed this to be particularly true for facts and processes described in the texts. These results provide evidence that prereading instructions to self-explain are effective for enhancing multiple-text comprehension but that instructions do not necessarily need to be modeled to benefit college readers.


We recognize the contribution of Associate Prof. Dr. Thomas Dick to the research described in the manuscript (ACS Med. Chem. Lett.2013, 4 (5), pp 451–455) and therefore include him as an author. He is affiliated with the Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Block MD4A, Singapore 117597.


This study was a descriptive research study to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, stress coping, and college adaptation among nursing students. The subjects were extracted from students at four-year nursing colleges in K province, and data collection was conducted from October 1 to December 10, 2018. Data analysis was done using the SPSS 22.0 program, frequency and percentage, mean and standard deviation, Pearson's correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. The results show that the self-efficacy of nursing college students was 3.07 ± .39, stress coping was 2.15 ± .24, and college adaptation was 3.32 ± .49. There were significant differences in college life adaptation to stress coping, depending on major satisfaction, support motivation, and drinking. The higher the subject's self-efficacy and stress coping level, the higher the adaptation to university life. In addition, there were significant differences in general characteristics according to major satisfaction, academic support motivation, and drinking. Based on the above research results, it is necessary to develop a support program to strengthen the ability to cope with stress among college students.