Electron energy loss vibrational spectroscopy (EELS) and thermal desorption mass spectrometry (TDMS) have been used to investigate the chemisorption of several molecules on the hexagonally close-packed Ru(001) surface. The adsorption of N 2 , O 2 , and N 2 with O 2 and CO was investigated to characterize the chemical state of adsorbed molecules, including their interactions with the substrate and with their adsorbed neighbors, through effects manifest in their vibrational spectra. The adsorption of (Ch 3 ) 2 CO and H 2 CO and their subsequent thermal decomposition was investigated to identify the structures of reactive and non- reactive adsorbed intermediates, to identify the products of surface reactions and their structures, to identify surface reaction mechanisms, and to correlate reactivity with the structure of adsorbed intermediates. N 2 binds to the Ru(001) surface at on-top sites with its molecular axis perpendicular to the surface. In contrast to results reported for the isoelectronic molecule CO on the same surface, however, ν(NN) decreases with increasing surface coverage, a result which is explained in terms of increasing population of the 1π g antibonding orbital of N 2 with increasing surface coverage. The vibrational spectra of ordered p(2x2) and p(1x2) overlayers of oxygen adatoms on Ru(001) were studied via comparison of experimental EEL spectra to vibrational spectra calculated with a Green's function lattice dynamical technique. The results identify features due to coupling of the overlayers to substrate phonons and illustrate a unique effect of adsorption site symmetry which distinguishes the vibrational spectra of the two overlayers. EELS and TDMS results used in conjunction to determine the effects of interactions between contrasting adsorbates in mixed adlayers of N 2 with oxygen and N 2 with CO on Ru(001). Preadsorbed oxygen produces a strong chemical effect on subsequently adsorbed N 2 , stabilizing σ-donation while destabilizing 1π g -backdonation in the N 2 -surface bond. Preadsorbed N 2 increases the ability of the Ru surface atoms to backdonate electron density into the 2π orbital of subsequently adsorbed CO, producing values of ν(CO) which are lower than are observed under any circumstances for the adsorption of CO on the clean Ru(001) surface. Adsorption of (Ch 3 ) 2 CO on the clean Ru(001) surface produces η 2 -bonded molecular acetone which decomposes to CO, carbon and hydrogen upon heating the surface. If the surface is instead precovered with a p(2x2) oxygen overlayer, a significant fraction of the subsequently adsorbed acetone exists in an η 1 -bonded configuration which, like η 1 acetone observed on the clean Pt(111) surface, desorbs molecularly upon heating. These results demonstrate in a quantifiable way how the reactivity of the Ru(001) surface can be modified by the presence of a coadsorbed species, and that the change in reactivity can be correlated with the selectivity of the surface toward reactive (η 2 ) and nonreactive (η 1 ) intermediate bonding configurations. Adsorption of the chemically similar molecule H 2 CO on Ru(001) produces many effects analogous to those observed for (Ch 3 ) 2 CO adsorption: η 2 bonding is observed on the clean surface and η 1 bonding is observed when the surface is precovered with a p(2x2) oxygen overlayer. The H 2 CO is more reactive than (Ch 3 ) 2 CO, however, decomposing at low coverages and low temperature on the clean surface to give hydrogen and CO before any molecular adsorption is observed. At coverages intermediate between total decomposition and near monolayer saturation, where the η 2 -H 2 CO species is observed, partial decomposition to yield an η 2 -HCO species is observed. The results have important implications for the mechanistic understanding of CO hydrogenation reactions catalyzed under heterogeneous conditions.


In this paper we apply the concept of recoverable robustness by network buffering in a real-world context for the first time. In particular, we consider the problem of assigning trains to platforms in a large railway station, and extend the mathematical formulation of the "nominal" problem with variables and constraints that allow us to limit the propagation of delays that may occur at some point in the schedule. Our experimental results show that the resulting solutions have the same quality in terms of the nominal objective function, whereas delay propagation is significantly reduced.


The present article focuses on highlighting the theoretical aspects of the topic and the interest shown towards the novelty and infl uence of these concepts – emotional hearing, emotional retrieval and emotional sensitivity, taking into account the peculiarities of each. The psychological research of many scholars have shown that appropriate perception of the emotional state of the speaker's voice is an important component of man's relationship with the world around him. The greater the lability of the emotional system, the higher the relationship of emotional hearing with emotional retrieval and emotional sensitivity, and the understanding that they are dependent on emotional susceptibility, which occurs in the forms of emotional reaction, emotional rigidity, and emotional resilience, which depend on the person's interests, beliefs, goals, relationships, spiritual will.


It is expected that progress toward true artificial intelligence will be achieved through the emergence of a system that integrates representation learning and complex reasoning (LeCun et al. 2015). In response to this prediction, research has been conducted on implementing the symbolic reasoning of a von Neumann computer in an artificial neural network (Graves et al. 2016; Graves et al. 2014; Reed et al. 2015). However, these studies have many limitations in realizing neural-symbolic integration (Jaeger. 2016). Here, we present a new learning paradigm: a learning solving procedure (LSP) that learns the procedure for solving complex problems. This is not accomplished merely by learning input-output data, but by learning algorithms through a solving procedure that obtains the output as a sequence of tasks for a given input problem. The LSP neural network system not only learns simple problems of addition and multiplication, but also the algorithms of complicated problems, such as complex arithmetic expression, sorting, and Hanoi Tower. To realize this, the LSP neural network structure consists of a deep neural network and long short-term memory, which are recursively combined. Through experimentation, we demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of LSP and its validity as a mechanism of complex reasoning.


Since 2013 the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (MMAF) has implemented performance management with a Balanced Scorecard approach in the process of developing the strategic plan 2010-2014 (revision) and strategic plan 2015-2019. BSC is a strategy management tool selected by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries to accelerate the process of Bureaucratic Reform.Based on MMAF performance report 2015, the realization of RB value issued by the Ministry of Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform (Kemenpan-RB) for 2015 is 70.51 percent. This means that it has not shown the maximum increase because it is still far below the medium term target (2014-2019) that has been set in the Renstra of 90-100 percent in 2019. So it still needs a comprehensive effort to achieve the maximum number. One of the efforts that can be done is to evaluate the implementation of balanced scorecard based strategy that has been running to ensure the implementation of the strategy is good and effective.
The objectives of this study were to analyze the factors that determine the implementation of the strategy in the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries, evaluate the implementation of a balanced scorecard strategyin terms of the principles of Strategy-Focused Organization and analyze whether the balanced scorecard has been understood and used properly by top management and employees to achieving the strategy of the organization. This study used a quantitative-qualitative approach sequential explanatory research. The data was gather from 231 respondents through self-administered questionnaires, and an in-depth interview was done with purposively selected 9 respondents. The results of the study showed that the successful implementation of the strategy in Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries determined by the factors of quality stages of the strategy implementation and supporting factors of the strategy implementation
The results of the study showed that the successful implementation of the strategy in Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries determined by the factors of quality stages of the strategy implementation and supporting factors of the strategy implementation. Among the quality stages of the strategy implementation, the best factor was clarity of the position-based performanceand the most undervalued was the clarity of the performance measurement. Change management programmewas a supporting factor of the strategy implementation achieves good. The factors supporting of the strategy implementation were still low and needs to be strengthened were budget support and the role of strategy management office. The study also concluded that in terms of the five principles of Strategy-Focused Organization, the level of implementation of a balanced scorecard for the achievement of the strategy by the leaders already good. But overall employee understanding of the balanced scorecard has not been good.
The managerial implication of this thesis is that the implementation of a balanced scorecard strategy in the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries supports efforts to improve bureaucratic reform. The finding of a weak financial support factor in the MMAF is as a result of budgeting that has not been fully linked with the strategy, so it is necessary to improve the BSC MMAF model by incorporating a financial perspective in the MMAF's strategy map. To eliminate the existence of a people barrier, the MMAF must immediately refine clear reward and punishment systems, link performance appraisals with rewards and other rewards based on differences between low performers and high performers.The MMAF should strengthen the role of SMO in particular the role of strategic architect, which establishes the organization's management strategy and organizational management framework, changes the organizational structure, and focuses on the process of developing strategy and coordination across business process functions to implement the strategy.


Summary
Light signalling is an important mechanism of plant competition during the early stages of seedling development. Far-red-enriched (FR-E) light reflected from neighbouring weeds has been shown to induce the shade avoidance response leading to changes in plant morphology and increased variability in yields. In this study, the morphological and molecular changes occurring at the hypocotyl arch and primary leaf stage of soya bean development were investigated in response to FR-E light reflected from neighbouring weeds. A reduction in the root/shoot was identified at the hypocotyl arch stage, and an increase in height was detected at the unifoliate stage of soya bean seedlings. In addition, FR-E light induced a change in the expression profile of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging genes. Early in seedling development, ROS-scavenging genes were upregulated. However, this trend was reversed at later stages of development with downregulation of several ROS-scavenging genes. These results demonstrated the rapidity of induction of the shade avoidance response and that gene expression in soya bean seedlings was dependent upon developmental stage and tissue type sampled.


Landmine detection can be cast as a model selection problem in which probability theory is used as logic for inductive inference. Using this method, the landmine detection decision is based on the values of calculated posterior probabilities for two propositions: 'The received signal is from a landmine' and 'The received signal is from the background.' The posterior probability for a proposition is the probability for the proposition given the observed data signal and the information known prior to the observation. Calculation of the posterior probability requires the numerical integration of a multi-dimensional probability density function. Until the beginning of the last decade, there were few robust methods available to perform these numeral integrations and no methods that could be generally applied. As a result, probability theory as logic for inductive inference found only infrequent use in practical detection algorithms. Because of the increasing power of computers and new research in the areas of Markov chain Monte Carlo and multi-dimensional adaptive-quadrature integration methods, practical detection algorithms based on the use of probability theory as logic for inductive inference are now being developed and used. This paper describes our model selection formulation of the landmine detection problem and presents results obtained using multi-dimensional adaptive quadrature.


This article reveals the results of a research study that was carried out in Spain in 2012 with the purpose of discovering the influence of the gender variable on the incorporation of the Internet in the educational programmes of primary and secondary public education centres. By using a multiple case study carried out in situ, the research team has gathered information from the teaching staff entrusted with the process of incorporating the Internet into the educational programme at each school. It has also studied the way in which the use of the Internet in the classroom is specified. These sources have been subjected to triangulation techniques in order to increase the reliability of the results, which has enabled us to define the extent to which the gender of those running the educational implementation of the Internet in Spanish centres is influential. The results show that there are no significant differences between men and women as regards the introduction of the Internet into the educational programmes at the centres used in this study.


The utility model relates to an indoor air purifier, comprising a container with an air inlet and an air outlet, a metal dust-proof filtering screen which is in sequential installed between the air inlet and the air outlet inside the container, a low-noise exhaust fan, an adsorber in which activated carbon is contained, a CO2 absorber, a water solution jetting refreshing device, an oxygen enriched device in which an oxygen generating agent is contained, and a fragrant device in which fragrance balls are contained. The inside of the CO2 absorber is provided with NaOH concentrated solution and the solid made of CaO, and the inside of the oxygen enriched device is provided with peroxy-sodium carbonate oxygen generating agent. The air purifier has three-stage purifying and first-stage oxygen and fragrance enriching; the purifying effect can reach 95%. The air purifier can be used for the household and indoor public places.


This chapter discusses history and examination, including basic history and examination, recording your clerking, cardiovascular medicine, respiratory medicine, gastrointestinal medicine, neurological medicine, endocrine medicine, skin, oncological/haematological medicine, breast surgery, eye surgery, head and neck surgery, musculoskeletal surgery, urological surgery, the female reproductive system, obstetric medicine, psychiatric medicine, neonatal examination, and paediatrics.


Low voltage direct current (LVDC) distribution system stability, supply security and power quality are evaluated by computational modelling and measurements on an LVDC research platform. Computational models for the LVDC organize investigation are created. The LVDC arrange control misfortune model is produced in a MATLAB domain and is prepared to do quick estimation of the system and segment influence misfortunes. The model integrates analytical equations that describe the power loss mechanism of the network components with power flow calculations. For an LVDC network research platform, a monitoring and control software solution is developed. The solution is used to deliver measurement data for verification of the developed models and analysis of the modelling results. In the work, the power loss mechanism of the LVDC network components and its main dependencies based on hybrid method is described. Energy loss distribution of the LVDC network components is presented. KeywordsLVDC, MATLAB, Hybrid. __________________________________________________*****_________________________________________________


Combustion of fossil fuels, industrial emissions, biomass and waste combustion results in an increase in the amount of harmful substances such as sulfur dioxides, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, ozone, particulate matter or aromatic hydrocarbons in the environment. The air full of pollutants that we all breathe affects our respiratory and cardiovascular systems and is also a factor leading to the development of cancer. The polluted air we breathe in every day drives the influx macrophages that release inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1β, accelerating the expansion of cells with EGFR mutations. Overexpression mutated EGFR gene is characteristic of non-small cell lung cancer. Adenocarcinoma is one of the most common lung cancers. It accounts for 40% of all types of lung cancer. In the European Union, Bulgaria and Poland are among the most polluted countries, while Sofia, Nicosia and Warsaw are the three most polluted capitals. Solid particles suspended in the air have been recognized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a factor group I carcinogen. The concentration of PM10 measured at regional background stations, i.e. outside the direct impact of traffic pollution and outside city centers, in Poland is almost the highest in Europe and amounts to over 60 µg/m3 with the standard up to 20 µg/m3. An adult person inhales 10-12 m3 of air per day, and with it inhales the pollutants contained in it into the body. The aim of our work was to examine the correlation between air pollution and lung cancer and to conclude that anyone may be at risk.


A common prior distribution and loss structure are set up to be appropriate for the sorting of batches using sampling inspection by variable and by attribute. Approxi¬mations to the exact optimal sampling plans are derived to gain a better understanding of BAYEsian sampling plans and to compare the plans using variable sampling and attribute sampling. It is assumed that the process quality distribution is normal with a known variance


Proton irradiation was conducted on Czochralski (Cz) and floating zone (Fz) boron-doped p-type Si wafers at room temperature with the doses ranging from 1/spl times/10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ to 2/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/. A p-n junction formed in the Cz wafers when the dose reached a value between 1.0/spl times/10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ and 3/spl times/10/sup 13/ cm/sup -2/ while a p-n-p structure formed in the Fz wafers. The formation of p-n and p-n-p structure was confirmed by the combined use of Hall measurements, current-voltage (I-V) measurements, spreading resistance (SR) measurements, and cross-sectional electron beam-induced current (EBIC) measurements.


Quark cheese is a cheese of fresh mass obtained by coagulation of the milk by the action mainly of lactic bacteria obtaining a cheese of refreshing flavor with high acidity, in its commercial production a specific starter culture is used, in the present work this culture was replaced by kefir, a symbiotic system of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts, which is considered a probiotic product. Agave inulin is a soluble fiber considered prebiotic with ability to improve the balance of the intestinal flora. The objective of this work was to develop Quark cheese using kefir as a starter culture and supplemented with agave inulin. Cheeses were produced by fermentation for 24h / 25ºC followed by drainage of the whey, in the supplemented cheese 3% of inulin was added, after whey drainage cheeses were kept in plastic pots under refrigeration temperature until the moment of the analyses. Microbiological evaluations, pH and acidity were performed at 1, 7 and 14 days after manufacture. The results of the physical-chemical analyses remained close to those found in the literature. Cheeses showed high counts of Lactobacilli indicating their probiotic potential, the addition of agave inulin decreased the number of these microorganisms, nevertheless they remained in high counts. It can be verified that the use of kefir in the production of Quark cheese is feasible, mainly in artisanal productions because it is usually inexpensive and easy to maintain, Lactobacilli have remained stable during the storage period.


It's found that many students of Physics Education Study Program following the preparation on the job training at school has not good understandings in school physics materials. To overcome this problem, it's proposed the students to follow Selected Topics of School Physics Course (Kapita Selekta Fisika Sekolah). Contextual approach using a peer tutorial method in this course has been implemented in this research. The research design is one group pre and post-test. By this approach, the student's understanding in school physics materials increase from 27% to 43%.


FIELD: process engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to flotation for low-grade bauxite desulphurisation and desiliconisation. Proposed method incorporates opposite flotation for desulphurisation and normal flotation for desiliconisation. Note here that low-grade bauxites containing sulfur are first subjected to opposite flotation for desulphurisation after initial grinding using xanthogenate or ethyl thiocarbamate as collector, and, then, they are subjected to normal flotation for desiliconisation after additional grinding. Said opposite flotation comprises primary grinding of bauxites to grain size of 60%-85% - 0.074 mm, and, then reaction of slime with flotation agent is carried to execute opposite flotation for desulphurisation to produce sulphurous wastes and intermediate bauxite products. Xanthogenate or ethyl thiocarbamate is used as collector in amount of 100-500 g/t of ore, copper sulphate is used as a conditioner in amount of 50-500 g/t of ore, and, as a foaming agent, Frother 2 is used in amount of 20-150 g/t of ore. EFFECT: higher efficiency and quality. 10 cl, 2 tbl, 2 ex


The non-perturbation theory of electronic dynamic conductivity for open two-barrier resonance tunnel structure is established for the first time within the model of rectangular potentials and different effective masses of electrons in the elements of nano-structure and the wave function linear over the intensity of electromagnetic field. It is proven that the results of the theory of dynamic conductivity, developed earlier in weak signal approximation within the perturbation method, qualitatively and quantitatively correlate with the obtained results. The advantage of non-perturbation theory is that it can be extended to the case of electronic currents interacting with strong electromagnetic fields in open multi-shell resonance tunnel nano-structures, as active elements of quantum cascade lasers and detectors.


This report is one of a series documenting the results of the Nagra-DOE Cooperative (NDC-I) research program in which the cooperating scientists explore the geological, geophysical, hydrological, geochemical, and structural effects was sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE) through the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and the Swiss Nationale Genossenschaft fuer die Lagerung radioaktiver Abfaella (Nagra) and concluded in September 1989. 16 refs., 29 figs., 4 tabs.


It is well known that seismic data that have been recorded in complex geological environments must be compensated for geometrical spreading before AVO/AVA (amplitude-versus-offset/amplitude-versus-angle) analysis, in order to avoid erroneous imaging interpretation. By investigating analytically both the effect of the geometrical spreading and the effect of the reflector curvature on amplitude and phase changes for reflected and transmitted waves between anisotropic media, using ray theory, we show that these data should be compensated for interface effects as well. In order to gain insight more specifically in the focusing effect of the interface, the special case of homogeneous isotropic media separated by a curved interface of syncline type is discussed and compared to the case of a plane interface. 3-D numerical simulations of wave reflection from curved interfaces using a spectral element method validate our analytical derivations. In particular, numerical seismograms obtained at a vertical receiver array highlight that the effect of interface curvature on the reflected events is much more pronounced in a restricted area associated with the existence of caustics, which is consistent with our analytical predictions. Moreover, comparisons between the numerical and the analytical results confirm the fact that using plane-wave reflection coefficients without correction for the interface effect may lead to wrong interpretation of AVA/AVO analysis.


This chapter examines Octavia Butler's Parable Series and Markus Gabriel's ontology of fields of sense. The first part offers an overview of Gabriel's new realist theory, which makes organized contexts the touchstone of the real. According to Gabriel, existence is not an intrinsic property of things or isolated objects; existence is defined as "the fact that something appears in a context." There are no pre-given objects outside of contexts: what counts as an object is field-dependent.
Focusing on Butler's post-apocalyptic novels, the chapter's second part shows that the claims of fields of sense ontology bear a striking resemblance to Butler's exploration of the realm of the sacred through spiritual leader Lauren Oya Olamina. Lauren's new metaphysic of post-apocalyptic survival, Earthseed, an ecological belief system whose maxim is "God is Change," posits that the field-dependence of objects holds true for the most sublime phenomenon of all: the divine. Apocalyptic destruction forces Lauren to abandon the notion of God as absolute and unchanging being. By demoting God to a reduced force relative and subject to the laws of the post-apocalyptic world in which s/he appears, Butler presents a believable fiction staging new realism in the narrative form of apocalyptic endism.


The geologic detail needed to properly develop most hydrocarbon reservoirs substantially exceeds the detail required to find them. This obvious but compelling precept has fueled the steadily increasing application of 3-D seismic analyses to reservoir management. A measure of the increase is that 3-D surveys now account for half of the seismic activity in the offshore Gulf of Mexico and North Sea, and the percentage has been rising steadily year by year since commercial 3-D surveys were first shot in these areas in 1975 (Figure 1). Three‐dimensional seismic surveying in other offshore areas and on land likewise is growing rapidly. The Fall 1988 SEG Distinguished Lecture addressed the general subject of managing reservoirs using 3-D seismic data, and this article is a condensed version of that lecture. There are three parts to the article: a definition of reservoir management; a discussion of the various kinds of 3-D seismic analyses that can impact the development and production of a field; and a synopsis ...


This paper uses GIS and quantitative analysis to explore a series of simple but important issues in relation to GIS-led survey. We draw on information collected during intensive archaeological field survey of the island of Kythera, Greece, and consider: (i) the relationship between terracing and enclosed field systems; (ii) the effect of vegetation on archaeological recovery; (iii) site definition and characterization in multi-period and artifact-rich landscapes, and; (iv) site location modelling, which considers some of the decisions behind the placing of particular Bronze Age settlements. We have chosen GIS and quantitative methods to extract patterns and structure in our multi-scalar dataset, which demonstrates the value of GIS in helping to understanding the archaeological record and past settlement dynamics. The case studies can be viewed as examples of how GIS may contribute to four stages in any empirically based landscape project insofar as they move from the spatial structure of the modern landscape, to the visibility and patterning of archaeological data, to the interpretation of settlement patterns.


The presented reaction proceeds via the short-lived intermediates 2-imino-5-methylidenethiazoles or 5-methylidenethiazol-2-one giving the final heterocyclic compounds controlled by the ratio of the educts.


Ethiopia is one of African country with nine regions and two city administration of which five regions were infected with more than one species of tsetse flies. Known species in Ethiopia are five in number namely Glossina pallidipes, G .morsitans, G. fuscipes, G. tachinoides and G. longipennis. Most tsetse transmission is cyclic and begins when blood from a trypanosome-infected animal is ingested by the fly. The clinical feature of the disease follows the level or burdens of tsetse challenge species. The main feature is anemia results in a progressive drop in packed cell volume, a non-specific but useful indicator in endemic areas. The most sensitive rapid method is examining a wet mount of the buffy coat area of a PCV tube after centrifugation, looking for motile parasites. The prevalence of trypanosomosis in enzootic area can be reduced by parasite control, vector control, host resistance protection prophylactic treatment and good husbandry management system. The methods of tsetse fly control involved bush clearing, elimination of game animals on which tsetse feed, and the sterile male technique (sterile insect techniques). Since female tsetse only mates once in a lifetime, this technique is theoretically able to eradicate a targeted tsetse species. Trypanotolerant animals are very important in tsetse fly challenging areas, but most countries did not accept them due to their low production of milk than indigenous breed. In conclusion, prevalence of trypanosomosis is devastating diseases of cattle in Ethiopia with both direct and indirect economic losses.

 Key words: Bovine, trypanosomosis, nagana, tsetse fly, protozoa.


Folded dipoles are typically used as elements in curtain arrays due to their high input impedance, but under this configuration, the bandwidth of the curtain array in antenna mode is limited. This paper proposes an improved folded dipole based on a branch model, which effectively increases the bandwidth of the input impedance and decreases the VSWR(Voltage Standing-Wave Ratio) by selecting appropriate branch conductor positions. The current distribution of the branch model exhibited an unbalanced condition as the branch conductors moved. To verify the proposed method, a practical model with a cage antenna was analyzed using the proposed method and FEKO. The results indicated that the bandwidth reaches a maximum when the factor kBP is between 0.4 and 0.5.


Floral trait correlations were compared between the two flower morphs of a distylous Ophiorrhiza napoensis population in a subtropical evergreen forest at the Defu Natural Animal Preserve, Guangxi, China. Common principal component analyses indicated that overall patterns in correlations among floral traits were morph specific in the study population. Strong positive correlations (r > 0.9) between anther height and corolla-tube length were found in both morphs. Stigma height correlated positively with corolla-tube length in the long-styled morph (r = 0.843), but not in the short-styled morph (r = −0.018). Flower-morph-specific correlation suggests that natural selection by pollinators has moulded trait covariance among floral traits. Because morph-specific correlations are expressed as the patterns of within-morph variation among multiple traits, putative genes responsible for the stigma-corolla tube correlation should not link to the supergene for sex-organ reciprocity between the morphs, but their expression is limited in the long-styled morph.


The Re 2S 7 nanoparticles were synthesized by exchange reaction of perrhenate and hyposulfite. The hydrodynamic volume-average diameter of nanoparticles is 50 nm, number-average diameter is 35 nm, and diameter of micelle core is about 20 nm. For the determination of kinetic parameters the method of fast reaction stopping is proposed, fresh precipitated sulfur dissolving. The spectrophotometric method for rhenium quantity determination irrespective of its chemical form is proposed. The new nitrosyl-sulphide complex with extinction coefficient of 0,82·10 4 L·mol –1sm –1 is obtained.


A luminance of the 3D image to provide a stereoscopic image display device of the barrier system does not decrease. A stereoscopic image display device includes a display unit having a second pixel group for displaying a first pixel group and a second image for displaying the first image, it is displayed on the display unit in the first mode that the image as it is transmitted through, the second mode for providing a barrier to the transmission region and a non-transmissive region is formed so as to be observed at the point where the first image and the second image are different from each other, the light on the display unit It includes a light source, the luminance of the light provided by the light source has a control unit for controlling different from each other in the first mode and the second mode. .FIELD 1


This study aims to determine the relationship between teachers' efficacy with information literacy skill on high-school teacher. This reaserch used qualitative approach with correlational research method. Population in this study was high-shcool teachers whom teached with curriculum 2013 in DKI Jakarta. Samples that used was 100 teachers using quota sampling technique. Measurement of information literacy used adaptation instrument made by Tisa Lina Putri (2013) based on The Big6 Model with instrument reliability was 0.94. Teachers efficacy was measured by Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale from Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk Hoy (2001) with reliability of 0.70. Based on the results of data analysis, obtained the results there is a relationship between teacher efficacy with information literacy on the teacher. The result correlation value is 0.369 with a significance of 0.000 at a significance level of 5%. Thus it can be concluded that there is a positive relationship between the teachers efficacy with information literacy.


yosins comprise a diversefamily of molecular motorenzymes that use the en-ergy from cycles of ATPbinding, hydrolysis, and product releaseto perform mechanical work along actinfilaments. Although all characterizedmyosins share a conserved catalyticmotor domain, referred to as ''head,''variations in enzymatic and structuralproperties allow different myosins togenerate diverse types of motility (1).Muscle myosin is not processive; it tugsintermittently on actin filaments andremains dissociated much of the time somultiple myosins are needed to sustainconstant movement. In contrast, myosinV is processive, and an individual two-headed motor molecule takes multiple 36-nm steps, each coupled to the con-sumption of a single ATP molecule, andwalks unidirectionally along an actinfilament for long distances without de-taching (2, 3). Myosin V walks followingan asymmetric hand-over-hand mecha-nism (4, 5), where the heads alternateleading and trailing positions along ac-tin, analogous to the hands of a ropeclimber. The two heads of myosin V arehypothesized to exert pushing and pull-ing forces that modulate each other'smechanochemical cycles and coordinatetheir stepping behavior (1, 6–8). In thisissue of PNAS, Purcell


In Hungary algorithmical thinking is a part of teaching informatics both in primary and secondary grammar schools. A teacher usually starts with some everyday algorithm, taking examples from cooking or solving a mathematical or physical problem. The steps of the solutions are usually represented in a flow diagram. This diagram is a graphical representation of the algorithm steps including decision symbols. With these decision symbols, selections and iterations can be applied. Unfortunately, the common ways of describing algorithms are far from functional thinking, therefore it is rather difficult for teachers to find materials on teaching functional programming. On the other hand, programming and trying the algorithm in a functional way is much easier as in the imperative way ([3], [4]). The next step is usually the description of the algorithm by a sentencelike language, which is very close to BASIC programming language. At this point the teacher switches to a programming language, like Pascal, BASIC, C# [17], or any OOP [9] supportive or OOP language [9], all of which are imperative languages. These languages were taught to teachers during their studies, and are used in their workplaces, in grammar schools as well. We believe that the functional programming paradigm is raising nowadays, and getting more and more important. In this paper we are trying to show and prove that this programming style is appropriate for teaching programming in grammar schools.


Since 2000, dry pyridine is used in the reactions in our institute. Dry pyridine play important role in the various reactions, the percentage of water affecting the reaction accordingly and form various byproduct it affect the molecular weight of the final product, and its physical and chemical properties . The attained was made to avoid self-polymerization of amino group of the reactant using dry pyridine and dry salt of PABA so the percent water content very much is important in the reactants.


The influences of density,elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of landslide mass,weak slip zone and landslide bed,and shear strength of weak slip zone on landslide stability are studied using the method combining finite element method with limit equilibrium method.The results show that there are positive relationships between the density of landslide bed,elastic modulus of landslide mass and weak slip zone,Poisson's ratio of landslide bed,shear strength index of weak slip zone and factor of stability of landslide,while there are negative relationships between the density of landslide mass and weak slip zone,elastic modulus of landslide bed,Poisson's ratio of landslide mass and factor of stability of landslide,and that the most important factors affecting landslide stability are shear strength index,the Poisson's ratio of weak slip zone and elastic modulus of landslide bed are in second order,and other parameters are non-sensitive to landslide stability.


The culture of"Xiang village rice food"is a opening rice planting culture. The history of Huaihua's rice planting culture is long and deeply. To exploit the rice planting culture posseses active meaning in culturology and econonics.


This essay reports three investigations which examined the relationship between perceived teacher communication behavior and either student perceptions of teaching effectiveness or student learning. Teachers who were perceived as having greater interpersonal solidarity and a more positive communicator style (more dramatic, open, relaxed, impression leaving, and friendly) were perceived as more effective. Furthermore, positive perceptions of teacher communicator style resulted in greater student affect toward the instructor, the course content, and the overall course. It also resulted in greater student behavioral intent to use the course. The relationship of communicator style to cognitive learning, however, was less clear and basically nonexistent. The relationship between perceived teacher immediacy (a variable previously demonstrated to be highly predictive of affective and behavioral commitment) and communicator style was also examined and discussed.


Calls have been made for new ways of thinking about innovation policy to address pressing global sustainability problems. 'Transformative innovation policy' (TIP) is proposed as one such way. Given the newness of thinking on TIP, empirical insights are needed into how ongoing efforts by public administrations link to TIP, and how policy experimentation connecting to TIP intertwines with formal institutional change and policy mixes. We connect literatures on policy experimentation, institutional change and policy mixes for sustainability transitions to create an analytical framework on the interplay between these elements, which we apply to an in-depth case study of the development of Mobility as a Service (MaaS) in Finland. The findings show how a potentially disruptive innovation, MaaS, can be traced back to a longer process of administrative reorientation and restructuring, i.e. gradual transformation in formal institutions, and has benefitted from cycles of policy experimentation, new vision building and learning, combined with a sequence of policy strategies and major regulatory change. The evolving 'transformative' policy mix has influenced transition by supporting niche development through policy experimentation as well as changing the established mobility regime through formal institutional change.


Nowadays, the demand of functional white milk has been augmented because of the widespread well-being popularity. Especially, in case of white milk, there are brisk efforts In segmentation of the functional product, in an effort to break through the limitation of creating new demands out of fixed demands and school meal service. The companies are also looking for the solution in the development of functional white milk in that they have no other way to increase the customers` demand, but the differentiation of the product, since the companies consider that content of white milks are exactly the same that there is no need to compete. Following this, the package design availed of the development of functional milk and took important charge of conveying and emphasizing the product`s functional special quality and information to customers. Consequently, in this research, we will going to look at more desirable design differentiation strategy of functional milk by examining the basics of functional milk and by analysing the functional characteristic of current products and the expression strategy of package design.


Among all groups of single-parent families, those created by a birth to an unmarried woman have the least likelihood of receiving child support and the greatest risk of becoming dependent on welfare. The child support enforcement programs have not pursued fathers of never-married mothers on the grounds that efforts to establish paternity and collect child support will not prove cost effective. Data from Wisconsin suggest that the recent focus on improving the child support system is having some effect in increasing paternity adjudications and bringing a greater percentage of nonmarital children into the child support system. The Wisconsin data also indicate that child support reform-specifically the immediate income assignment-is improving child support payment performance. But the modest increases in payments to nonmarital children will have little effect on their welfare recipiency. The fathers of these children lack the economic resources to aid their families much in the short term. However, cost effectiveness should not be the only criterion used in enforcing child support. It is important to send the message to all parents that they are expected to assume responsibility for the children they bear.


As a biomaterial to be used for reparation in the case of trauma, the silk fibroin, particularly its effect on the transcription and expression of VEGF gene, is a concern. In this study, the ECV304 cell's growth shape and growth curve on the regenerated silk fibroin film were observed, and its VEGF secretion level was measured by ELISA test. It was found that the regenerated silk fibroin film did not interfere with ECV304 cell's growth and function. The L929 cell transfected with human VEGF gene grew on the regenerated silk fibroin film; the real-time quantitative RT-PCR method and ELISA test were used for detecting the transcription and expression of VEGF gene. The results showed the regenerated silk fibroin film did not interfere with the transcription and expression of VEGF gene. Therefore, the regenerated silk fibroin film is a safe biomaterial for inducing vascularization with no untoward effect on the reparation of trauma.


mm-waves are envisaged as a key enabler for 5G and 6G wireless communications, thanks to the wide bandwidth and to the possibility of implementing large-scale antenna arrays and advanced transmission techniques, such as massive MIMO and beamforming, that can take advantage of the multidimensional properties of the wireless channel. In order to analyze in depth the peculiar characteristics of mm-wave propagation, joint measurement and simulation campaigns in indoor and outdoor microcellular environments have been carried out. The investigation highlights that the assumption that mm-wave NLoS connectivity is hardly feasible is not necessarily true as significant reflections, scattering and even transmission mechanisms can provide good NLoS coverage in the considered indoor and outdoor scenarios. This is also reflected in the limited angle-spread differences between LoS and NLoS locations in some cases. Finally, the contribution of different propagation mechanisms (reflection, diffraction, scattering and combination of them) to the received signal is analyzed in the paper with the help of ray tracing simulations. These outcomes can be helpful to predict the performance of mm-wave wireless systems and for the development of deterministic and geometric-stochastic mm-wave channel models.


Laser welding of pure copper and its alloys is a challenging process with a growing industrial interest due to the latest development in the field of electric mobility. The difficulties are mainly related to the material's high thermal conductivity and a poor absorptivity of few percent at the classical IR laser (YAG). It is also well known that such a configuration can lead to the formation of undesirable defects, such as pores or spatters as a consequence of melt pool instabilities. It has been observed experimentally that the usage of a laser at both high speed and high power tends to limit those instabilities. Although this positive influence has already been observed for equivalent materials, a physical explanation is not yet available. In this perspective, a multiphysical simulation of the process at the melt pool scale is currently being developed by using comsol Multiphysics® software. The latter includes an Eulerian interface tracking method for the liquid-gas interface (phase field) and a ray-tracing description of the laser beam to take into account the well-known beam trapping effect under a keyhole regime. For the sake of time computation, the numerical model is first developed in an axisymmetric coordinate system (r,z) to be representative of a laser spot welding process and to validate the numerical coupling methodology. The model will then be extended to a 3D welding case and used as a predictive tool to make appropriate choices on welding parameters to obtain good quality welds (stable melt pool, low porosity rate, etc.).


LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
"氣"作爲一個含義豐富的字,與相當多的概念相互關聯,表現出極爲複雜的内涵。但"氣"是中國哲學中的重要命題,所以歷來的研究者都希望梳理出"氣"的概念史。最近白一平(William H. Baxter)和沙加爾(Laurent Sagart)重構"氣"爲*C. qhəp-s,其中*C-表示不確定的輔音,與"吸"顯示出明顯的聯繫;而*qhəp則表示呼吸。毫無疑問,"氣"的基本含義是"呼吸"(breath),而所有其他感官(senses)都從它派生出來。本文在此基礎上繼續對"氣"及其相關概念如陰陽、五行等進行研究,闡述"氣"之所以在中國上古時期能夠作爲重要概念的三個主要原因及其積極意義:(1)"氣"以"神靈"的形式允許了疾病的概念化;(2)"氣"能賦予"天命"政治承襲理論合法性的地位;(3)傳統認爲可藉學習控制"氣"以獲得非凡力量。最後爲求使研究更完整,本文亦對"氣"的局限性作一討論。
The prolific Chinese word qi 氣 has so many interrelated but distinct senses that any student of Chinese philosophy will want to unravel them so as to understand the history of the concept. William H. Baxter and Laurent Sagart reconstruct qi as *C. qhəp-s (where *C- represents an indeterminate consonant), which shows a manifest connection with xi 吸, *qhəp, "to breathe." Little doubt can remain that the basic meaning of qi is "breath," and all its other senses are derived from it. This paper goes on to survey associated concepts, such as yinyang 陰陽and the Five Phases 五行, and discusses the three main reasons why qi was regarded as a useful idea in ancient China: (1) it helped replace the conceptualization of disease as possession by a ghost or spirit; (2) it permitted an alternative theory of dynastic succession to that of Heaven's Mandate (tianming 天命); and (3) some traditions promised practitioners extraordinary power by learning how to control qi. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations.


The invention discloses a mains complementation controller for a solar street lamp. The controller comprises a solar cell panel, a charging module, a microprocessor, a constant-current output module, a switching power supply, a voltage detection module and a battery. The invention also discloses a control method of the controller. The controller is skillful and reasonable in structural design, when the electric quantity stored in the battery by the solar energy is insufficient, the controller is switched to a mains supply automatically in a seamless mode, the effect that the solar energy is used preferentially and the mains supply serves as a supplement can be effectively achieved, and charging and discharging can be controlled automatically according to different working parameters and states, so that the charging and the discharging are kept at the optimal states, the utilization efficiency of the solar energy is improved, the energy resources are effectively saved, the whole process is automatic, and the intelligent degree is high. The control method is simple in step, easy to implement, capable of supplying electricity by the battery and achieving seamless switching to the mains supply, effectively guaranteeing the sufficient utilization of solar energy resources, greatly prolonging the service life of the battery and reducing the maintenance cost and beneficial to popularization and application.


Background: Family characteristics and parenting practices could significantly influence child oral health and the impact of child oral health on family wellbeing. Aim: To determine the association between parenting practices and parent-perceived impact of children's oral health condition on family wellbeing. Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1539 school children in India. Parents answered the short form of FIS (Family Impact Scale), and PCRQ (parent–child relationship questionnaire) to assess the impact of the child's oral health on family and parenting practices, respectively. Two factors emerged on factor analysis of PCRQ: 'Positive parenting' and 'Power assertive parenting'. The intra-oral examination was conducted for children to assess their dental caries experience and gingival health status. Unadjusted linear regression and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used to determine the influence of parenting practices on FIS. Results: An increase in power assertion (B = 1.16) parenting was associated with increased FIS scores indicating a higher adverse impact of the child's oral health on family wellbeing when parents used more power assertive parenting practices. On the other hand, an increase in positive parenting (B = −1.27) was associated with decreased FIS scores, indicating a lesser impact of child's oral health on family wellbeing when parents used more positive parenting practices. Conclusions: Parenting practices were associated with parents' perceptions of the effect of children's oral health on family wellbeing.


statements, expressing belief in God and in Christ. More attention needs to be paid to the credal echoes in the Gospels. The Fourth Gospel provides a series, or crescendo, of confessions of belief couched in terms which suggest the liturgical creeds of the Primitive Church ( Jn 134. ai. 49 4 42 669 9 asa. 2028. si~~ and already Mark was centred upon the assertion that Jesus is the Son of God ( I 1 I5a fl~ . Embodied in the Synoptic Gospels, too, is the early credal confession of Jesus as the


The need to boost food productivity to meet the demands of the ever-increasing human population necessitates the frequent use of agrochemicals. Primextra Gold containing atrazine (329g/l) and S-metolachlor (400g/l) is commonly used in agriculture to control weeds, especially in rice paddies. Given that herbicides could harm non-target species like fish, this study examined the effects of Primextra Gold on the behaviour, haematology, blood biochemistry and kidney of Clarias gariepinus. Juvenile C. gariepinus mean weight (11.05±5.43g) and length (11.95±6.13cm) were exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of the herbicide. The toxicity assay showed that the median lethal concentration (LC50) was 3.63µg/l. The fish exposed to sublethal concentrations exhibited signs of asphyxiation. The white blood cell (9.4- 10.8×106), aspartate aminotransferase (40.01-60.01IU/l) and alanine aminotransferase (68.02-90.12IU/l) levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in the test group compared to the control. Contrarily, glucose (53.14-82.25mg/dl) and protein (3.12- 9.38mg/dl) were lower in the herbicide exposed group compared to the control (p <0.05). Kidney histopathology revealed focal loss of the renal tissue, mild intra renal haemorrhage, moderate focal loss of renal tissue and severe focal loss of renal tissue in the herbicide exposed fish. The findings of this study suggest that this herbicide is hazardous to aquatic life and has negative consequences for non-target species when used indiscriminately. It is recommended that the herbicide should be used with caution, especially near aquatic habitat to maintain good water quality and ensure sustenance of aquatic biodiversity.


In an ever-changing environment, strategic decisions are made when implementing changes in the technology transfer process. Currently, it is important to implement effective measures to stimulate the development of technology transfer in the agro-industrial complex in modern conditions; to develop ways to stimulate the demand of agricultural enterprises for modern technologies, including by optimizing prices for them. Insufficient demand for innovative technologies also arises due to possible risks. In this regard, it is necessary to develop ways to reduce risks in the process of technology transfer in agriculture. The authors investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on technology transfer and the way the coronavirus forced people to change their habits and isolate themselves from each other. During this period of time, the role of digital technologies has increased and technology transfer has come to help build new ties between inventors and consumers of scientific achievements. The authors tried to consider the scenario of technology transfer development in agriculture by proposing an algorithm for implementing the technology transfer process in the country's agriculture. Methods of benchmarking, comparative analysis and a systematic approach were used to process information obtained from electronic databases, online publications, the legal reference system, and Internet information resources. As indicated in the article, an important task today is to organize effective interaction between participants in the technology transfer process, including in the virtual space on the Internet sites. For the effective functioning of the technology transfer market in agriculture and its infrastructure, it is necessary to regularly monitor the market situation in order to meet the interests of both buyers and sellers as much as possible.


Despite the long time that has elapsed since the end of the Franco dictatorship, the ideas with which he interpreted recent history have remained hidden in the folds of the educational system of democracy. The peculiar transition model has contributed to this, which opted not to critically review that past in order not to problematize stability; inertia resistant to curricular change; the accommodation to a chronological sequence in the teaching of History supported by an obsolete academicism; and the search for a common denominator by the publishing industry.


Abstract The prospective formalization of the Anthropocene as a chronostratigraphic unit by the International Commission on Stratigraphy has been intensely debated. This paper explores and assesses the stakes of this process from a philosophical perspective. I distinguish two senses of formalization—the descriptive and the evaluative—and argue that: 1) there are descriptive and evaluative formalizations of the Anthropocene beyond the confines of the ICS; 2) incoherencies between Anthropocene proposals and the ICS's current tenets are not a decisive reason for deferring descriptive formalization; and 3) the prospective evaluative formalization of the Anthropocene by the ICS would be impactful.


According to the difference between type KZ4AC electric locomotive's train power supply system and the others,this paper gives an emphasis analysis and illustration on the train power-supply cubicle.It is not only corresponding to the rules of electrical distance,creepage distance,arrangement of part,wiring forward and EMC,but also having a good structure,which has a reliability,availability,maintainability safety.


Courts, commentators, and attorneys describe corporations and limited liability companies as limited liability entities, but limited liability is not always the end result. While debts of a separate legal entity ordinarily would not be considered those of the owners even if the statutes applicable to these entities did not contain limitations on the owners of the entities, exceptions exist. For example, courts developed piercing the veil in corporate cases over a century ago as an equitable remedy to prevent perceived misuses of the corporate form. In the corporate context, courts may pierce the veil where a subsidiary corporation is merely an alter ego or agent of the corporate parent, where the corporation is merely the alter ego of the shareholder, or where the corporate shield is being used to defraud creditors. Courts have extended veil piercing to LLCs — sometimes with regard to their differences and sometimes not.An owner of an entity may also incur direct liability for debts of the entity or otherwise become liable on grounds other than veil-piercing or alter ego. These grounds include acting in the name of an unformed entity, acting for an undisclosed principal, liability to return improper distributions, liability for unpaid taxes, direct liability imposed by other federal and state statutes, and liability for one's own actions and the actions of agents.This Article examines the statutory and case law and other commentary in these areas, makes suggestions and criticism, and offers recommendations.


Background: Despite longstanding problems of access to general practice, efforts to understand and address issues do not adequately include perspectives of people providing or using care, nor do they utilise established theories of access to understand complexity. Aim: To understand problems of access to general practice from the multiple perspectives of both services users and staff using an applied theory of access. Design and Setting: A qualitative participatory case study in an area of Northwest England. Method: A community-based participatory approach and qualitative interviews, focus groups, and observation were combined to understand perspectives. Inductive and abductive analysis, informed by the applied theory, allowed the team to identify complexities and relationships between interrelated problems. Results: A paradox of access problems is presented, in which the demand on general practice both creates and hides unmet need in the population. Data show how reactive rules to control demand have undermined important aspects of care, like continuity. The layers of rules and decreased continuity create extra work for practice staff, clinicians, and patients. Complicated rules, combined with a lack of capacity to reach out or be flexible, leave many people, including those which complex and/or unrecognised health needs, unable to navigate the system to access care. This paradoxical relationship between demand and unmet need exacerbates existing health inequities. Conclusion: Understanding the paradox of access problems allows for different targets for change and different solutions to free up capacity in general practice to address the unmet need in the population.


Paperchromatographic Separation as Identification Method of Native and Modified Wheat Starch. The previous experiences with paperchromatographic separation as identification method of native and modified starch samples has been useful in the study of wheat starch. This technique has been applied to the separation and identification of amylose and amylopectine of native and modified wheat starches (treated by phosphate, mineral acids and different temperatures). The results thus obtained were compared with the physico-chemical characteristics of the same material. The modification procedure and the temperature influence are precisely outlined.

The evaluation of the final data permits one to judge the applied technique favourably, the method can be considered as useful and complementary in the analysis of starch material.


Novel 3-dimensional (3 D) flower-like NiCo2O4 (NCO) nanorod clusters are fabricated by a facile hydrothermal process using styrene–acrylonitrile copolymer (PSA) nanospheres as a complex agent. The structure and morphology of NCO are characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the PSA modified NCO (PNCO) exhibits excellent electrochemical performance. Compared with pure NCO, the flower-like PNCO materials with enough free space as anodes in lithium ion batteries (LIBs) deliver an initial discharge capacity of 1519.1, 1447.3 and 1337.3 mA h g−1 at the current densities of 500, 1000 and 2000 mA g−1, as well as 1417.5, 819.0 and 719.5 mA h g−1 after 100 cycles. Meanwhile, they display improved rate performance at elevated current rates, such as 1247.3, 1193.5 and 944.5 mA h g−1 at current densities of 1000, 2000 and 4000 mA g−1, respectively. They have great prospects for the application of anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.


The invention relates to a synchronous high-efficiency biological phosphorus removing and reclaiming method based on an activated sludge process. The system comprises an aeration tank and a sedimentation tank, which are communicated with an intake pipeline, wherein an aeration device is arranged in the aeration tank; the aeration tank is communicated with the sedimentation tank through the sewage pipeline; an effluent drainage pipeline for discharging supernate is arranged on the sedimentation tank. The system is characterized in that an unused reflux sludge storage drum, a sewage-sludge mixing drum, a primary sedimentation device, a phosphorus reclaiming reaction drum and a secondary sedimentation device are sequentially communicated with the bottom of the sedimentation tank. Compared with the prior art, the treatment system and method provided by the invention aim to overcome the defect of an existing activated sludge biological phosphorus removal system, are used for reclaiming phosphorus while an activated sludge system synchronously removes phosphorus with high efficiency on the basis of single-stage aerobic biological phosphorus removal, and are capable of effectively enriching phosphorus accumulation microorganisms. Working in a continuous flow mode, the system is small in investment, stable in effluent quality and high in phosphorus reclaiming quantity, can be used for lowering the effluent phosphorus concentration of an existing activated sludge system effectively and reclaiming precious phosphorus resources, and is suitable for transformation of a traditional activated sludge process.


A millimeter-wave compact dual-band ±45° dual-polarized antenna element is presented firstly. It consists of dual-ring patches in different sizes, four parasitic strips and two L-probes for ±45° dual-polarized feeding. The antenna element is operating from 24.22 to 30.5 GHz and from 36.82 to 45 GHz, which are completely covering n257~n261 frequency bands of 5G communication. Then a 1 × 4 antenna array has been investigated for beam scanning, working from 24.5 to 29.3 GHz and from 37.5 to 45 GHz. The simulated realized gain in broadside direction is 10 and 11.1 dBi at 27 and 39 GHz respectively. The main beam direction can achieve ±58° scanning at 27 GHz, while achieve ±32° scanning at 39 GHz.


It has been globally acknowledged that the important source of materials for the ever-active construction industry comes from quarry sites. Owing to this, the demand for building materials such as aggregates, cement and sand has increased to accommodate the building of houses, offices, industrial buildings, road systems and other infrastructures. Aggregates, as one of the basic building materials produced by the quarry industry is critically needed. The quarry and mines industry is one of the important contributors to the country's economy. However, accidents also do occur within the workforce of the Malaysian quarry industry.


The use of functionalised metal sulphide nanoparticles (NPs) for nanoremediation and biomedical application is rapidly increasing, which could lead to significant inputs into the marine environment. The potential impact of some NPs on marine organisms is still poorly understood. In the present paper the genotoxic potential of Ag2S and CdS NPs on Mytilus edulis haemocytes was assessed. MPEG-SH (thiol-terminated methyl polyethylene glycol), was used as capping agent to avoid NPs agglomeration. TEM analysis showed that the Ag2S NPs size was 13±7 nm, whereas CdS quantum dots had an average diameter of 4±1 nm. DNA integrity was evaluated by Comet assay following exposure to increasing concentration series (0.01–10 mg/L). Both silver and cadmium NPs showed genotoxic effects at the highest dose. MPEG-SH was also found to exert a weak genotoxic activity, suggesting that at least part of the genotoxic potential of functionalised NPs on mussel cells might be attributable to the capping agent. These results confirm the genotoxic potential of Ag2S NPs for mussel cells and demonstrated, for the first time, that CdS NPs is genotoxic in a marine organism.


The main objective was to examine the influence of different osmotic
 parameters on the mass transfer kinetics during osmotic treatment of pork
 meat (M. triceps brachii). The system's response parameters observed were:
 water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), final dry matter content (DM) and water
 activity (aw). The optimum osmotic parameters seem to be: osmotic time of 4
 h, molasses solution concentration of 72% and solution temperature of 45oC.
 These conditions were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM),
 and by superimposing the contour plots of each process variable. The
 predicted responses for the optimum drying conditions were: DM of 64.5%, WL
 in the close vicinity of 0.53, SG about 0.15 and aw in the range of 0.83 to
 0.84. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR-31055]


Postseismic deformation following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake has been observed by the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Earth Observation Network System (GEONET) and the Seafloor Geodetic Observation (SGO) over the past six and half years. Observed deformation at onshore sites exceeds 140 cm horizontally, there is uplift of 50 cm, and deformation tends eastward. However, offshore sites reveal complex patterns ranging from near-zero deformation in the northern part of Iwate-Oki, to westward in the southern part of Iwate-Oki, Miyagi-Oki, and the northern part of Fukushima-Oki regions, and eastward in the southern part of Fukushima-Oki and Ibaraki-Oki regions, respectively. The vertical deformation pattern is more complex than the horizontal. Offshore sites demonstrate subsidence but a large uplift is observed onshore along the Pacific coast. Subsidence is only observed along the Pacific coast in the northern part of Iwate, where there are variations in uplift or subsidence patterns. Many previous 2011 Tohoku-Oki event studies have used a primary model that considers only the afterslip effect. However, westward displacements observed by the SGO highlight the importance of viscoelastic relaxation, even during short-term deformation. It is thus considered that studies on postseismic deformation following the 2011 Tohoku-Oki earthquake should adopt a combined afterslip and viscoelastic model. Postseismic deformation following this event is estimated to continue for more than a few decades; therefore, assessing this effect is crucial for interpreting crustal deformation in Japan. Information on the status of interplate coupling or slip is also vital when assessing earthquake occurrence probability. The continued observation of postseismic deformation and careful monitoring of temporal and spatial changes in interplate coupling or slip will mitigate hazards from successive large megathrust earthquakes and improve understanding of crustal activity in Japan.


The use of morpholine in fruit coatings in the U.S. is common, however ammonia can be used instead. Resin coatings were made from aqueous ammonia solutions of shellac and wood rosin. The affect of rosin coatings on internal gas concentrations was found to be highly variable, depending on the amount of plasticizer added--thus opening the possibility of developing a rosin coating of citrus fruit that is more flavorfriendly. Wax coatings were made from ammonia-based anionic microemulsions of various waxes, with emphasis on carnauba wax. Preparation of these microemulsions involved development of a new laboratory method for their preparation as well as selection of the most appropriate fatty acids. For carnauba-wax coatings, which consist partly of fatty acids, the optimum formulation consisted of a mixture of oleic, lauric and myristic acids, with total fatty acid content equal to about 14% of the wax. Carnauba wax coatings allowed for optimum exchange of gases on pummelo fruit. These ammonia-based fruit coatings were also successfully tested on apples, oranges and grapefruit. The results indicate that morpholine is not a necessary ingredient of fruit coatings.


We investigated the effect of salinity on the growth and survival of tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes, and the purification of rearing water in closed recirculating seed production. Newly hatched larvae were put into the four rearing tanks with the closed recirculating system. We used the seawater (salinity 32 psu), and the three diluted seawaters (24, 16 and 8 psu) as rearing water. Rearing water was not changed until 10 days after hatching, and it was circulated from 11 days after hatching. Survival rates of fish were obtained 14.8% at 32 psu, 20.3% at 24 psu and 24.9% at 16 psu, when rearing was continued to 40 days after hatching. Rearing at 8 psu was discontinued because of catch an amyloodiniosis in 36 days after hatching. Final mean total length of tiger puffer reared at 16 psu and 24 psu were 27.3 mm and 27.6 mm, respectively. These were significantly larger than fish reared at 32 psu, which was 25.2 mm. In rearing water of all salinity conditions, ammonia concentrations were maintained low levels and nitrate concentrations increased gradually after recirculation beginning. This result confirmed the nitrification. Volume of foam separation waste water at 8 psu clearly had little in comparison with others. Therefore, optimum salinity for seed production of tiger puffer, taking into account the purification of rearing water, is considered as 16 psu, in the closed recirculating system which was used in this study.


Precise control over size and morphology of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) is challenging but important for extending these hybrid materials to many more advanced applications, in particular for nanotechnology and device integration. Through exploring the reaction parameters during the synthesis of the Eu–MOFs, fascinating crystals morphologies, including urchin-like balls, straw-sheaf and nanocrystals have been obtained by solvothermal treatment. Details of the formation mechanism of the resulting crystal morphology were investigated. All samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, high resolution scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetry. The experimental results show that the formation of Eu–MOF is extremely sensitive to the synthesis conditions, hence resulting in different morphologies. These well-arranged architectures exhibit red emission corresponding to the 5D0-7F2 transition of the Eu3+ ions under UV light excitation, and the lifetime is determined to be about 0.663 ms


A new configuration termed partially exposed polymer dispersed liquid crystal in which the liquid crystal microdroplets dispersed in a rigid polymer matrix are partially entrapped on the free surface of the thin film deposited on a glass substrate is reported. Optical transmission characteristics of the partially exposed polymer dispersed liquid crystal thin film in response to an air flow induced shear stress field reveal its potential as a sensor for gas flow and boundary layer investigations.


Emergencies in universities have some commons,while there are some different features.It mainly owes to the security risks after college enrollment,the development of college students' physical and mental phase characteristics,the negative impact of social transformation,the penetration of anti-China forces and destruction at home and abroad etc.In order to respond to university emergencies,the work of advanced pre-control,response and follow-up summary must be prepared effectively.


A fresh look at the system analysis helped us in finding a new way of calculating the risks associated with the system. The author found that, due to the shortcomings of RPN, more researches needed to be done in this area to use RPNs as a new source of information for system risk analysis. It is the purpose of this article to investigate the fundamental concepts of failure modes and effects analysis to propose a conceptual hierarchically based model for calculating the risk associated with a system in general. To do so, the author developed a chance constrained goal programming model for solving the problem. A sample problem is provided to show the calculation process of risk evaluation. The findings of this article can be used for calculating the level of risk associated with the entire system provided that the RPN of each unit of subsystems is known beforehand. This model helps the managers to calculate the system risk from the perspective of management, because it is a computer aided decision making (CADM) tool


Background: Many studies have attempted to correlate p53 abnormality including p53 gene mutation and p53 protein over expression with prognosis or therapeutic response in adjuvant chemotherapy but have yielded controversial results. To investigate whether p53 aberrations have different impacts on survival and outcomes of adjuvant chemotherapy among cancer patients, we conducted a meta-analysis. Methods: We performed comprehensive search before September 18, 2022. Hazard Ratio (HR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was effective measure, and Stata 16.0 was applied for data analysis. Results: A total of 14 articles were enrolled in this meta-analysis. p53 protein over expression detected by immunohistochemistry was a risk factor of 5-year Overall Survival (OS) among cancer patients after Radical Surgery (RS). Furthermore, p53 protein over expressed patients displayed inferior response to adjuvant chemotherapy with unfavorable 5-year Disease Free Survival (DFS) (HR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.12 ~ 2.32, P = 0.011). p53 gene mutation was a negative indicator of OS in adjuvant chemotherapy (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.19 ~ 1.69, P< 0.001). Furthermore, we performed subgroup analysis according to year of publication, the number of patients, detection method of abnormal p53 and tumor types, consistent result was observed. Conclusion: p53 protein over expression appears to serve as a predictive and prognostic biomarker in adjuvant chemotherapy setting. p53 gene mutation is a potential predictor and could identify high-risk patients who obtain limited overall benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy and support clinical decision-making.


The minimum target specificatons of EUV resist material are the resolution < 30nm half pitch C/H, CDU < 3.0nm, and sensitivity < 20mJ. The major pending issue of EUV resist is how to simultaneously achieve high sensitivity, high resolution and low CD Uniformity (CDU). Thus, we have studied that which factors such as acid diffusion, solvents, polymer platform and film density etc are affecting to improve CDU, sensitivity and resolution. Especially, CDU and sensitivity are the main issues among above these performances. With the results of these experiments, we could determine polymer blend PAG as polymer platform for EUV resist material. We have also researched polymer to improve the sensitivity and CDU with variation of molecular weight, poly dispersity and monomer feed ratio. Additionally, we have studied the effects of resist solvents and film density. And we have measured the outgas of our EUV resist. In this paper, we will discuss the results of these studies obtained by EUV tools of SEMATECH.


Under heavy metal stress,higher plants initiate a set of defense responses,among which biosynthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) is important. PCs are rich in cystein and biosynthesized by phytochelatin synthase. The chemical structure of PCs and their ability to form complexes with a large range of metal ions is clear. Up to now,these peptides are known to play an important role in both endogenous metal ion homeostasis and heavy metal ion detoxification. The mechanism of cadmium tolerance is illustrated in detail. A model of this mechanism suggested that the detoxification process of cadmium include such steps as PCs induction,transport of cadmium into the tonoplast,formation of the HMW-Cd-PCs complexes and sequestration in vacuole. At the same time,PCs also have other functions,such as detoxification of arsenic,protecting enzyme from metal ion inhibition and supplying metal ion as a cofactor to the enzyme potentially. However,a lot of questions about its biological function remain to be answered. In 1999,three independent labs isolated the genes encoding the PCs synthase. This breakthrough of plant heavy metal tolerance research gave us a chance to further study the heavy metal tolerance mechanism. All the results from the reserch of PCs have a great application potential in phytoremidation. Fig 1,Ref 25


In this paper, an advanced optical thin film structure, which can be used for fabricating multidomain display is introduced. It is composed of multilayer patterned birefringent thin films, of which each thin film is formed by a liquid crystal (LC) polymer layer with spatially varying optical axes controlled by a patterned photoalignment layer so that it can spatially modulate light propagation directions and polarizations. The overall thickness of the multilayer films, excluding the substrate, can be less than 1 µm, which offers the flexibility to generate high resolution light wavefront structure and the light diffraction within the film is also suppressed. As a result, the optical thin film can be ideally working as a photomask for exposure on a LC photoalignment layer to generate multidomain alignment structures in a single exposure, which can be applied for the manufacturing of LC multidomain displays. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed photomask, a periodic two‐domain thin film structure has been designed and fabricated and a liquid crystal cell with two‐domain alignment structure has been successfully fabricated in a single exposure with the photomask.


Adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-stimulated cholesterol transport to mitochondria has been quantitated in rat adrenals in vivo and in adrenal cell suspensions. The initial rate of transport (1.25 pg/mg of mitochondria/ min) is similar in vivo and in cell suspensions, but the mitochondrial cholesterol level reaches higher levels in uivo. ACTH stimulation of cholesterol transport into mitochondria when cholesterol side chain cleavage is inhibited by aminoglutethimide (AMG) (3.1 nmol/107 cells/min) greatly exceeds both ACTH-stimulated steroidogenesis (0.5 nmol/107 cells/min) in absence of AMG and, by implication, the rate of cholesterol transport during steroidogenesis in absence of AMG. Both cholesterol transport within adrenal cells and steroidogenesis are inhibited by cytochalasin B (antimicrofilament agent) and vinblastine (antimicrotubule agent) while only steroidogenesis is inhibited by cycloheximide (protein synthesis inhibitor).  Cytochalasin inhibits cholesterol transport to mitochondria more effectively ( I D S O = 6 to 7 SM) than total steroidogenesis in rat adrenals. These inhibitory effects occur both with in vitro cell suspensions and in vivo. Both inhibitors acted rapidly in uitm: cytochalasin, tl/2 = 4% min; vinblastine, t l I f = 2% min. Release from AMG inhibition in superfused cells generated an "overshoot" in steroid efflux from the cells in which steroidogenesis reached 160% of the normal maximum ACTH-stimulated rate. A direct correspondence has been established between excess steroidogenesis in this overshoot period and the accumulation of mitochondrial cholesterol. Both cholesterol accumulation and overshoot reach peak values after 7 to 8 min of exposure to AMG, followed by a decline. This late decline in mitochondrial cholesterol levels was prevented by both cytochalasin B and vinblastine. It is concluded that microfilaments and microtubules are involved in the transport of cholesterol both to and from the mitochondria while coupling of protein synthesis and steroidogenesis is expressed ultimately entirely on the rate-limiting transference of cholesterol to cytochrome P-450 within the mitochondria. R a t adrenal cell suspensions did not show the marked stimulation of steroidogenesis by cytochalasin B in the presence of serum lipoproteins which has been reported for Y-1 adrenal tumor cells. The in vivo effects of cytochalasin on rat adrenals suggest that intracellular transfer of cholesterol rather than transfer from plasma lipoproteins is critical to the rate of corticosterone synthesis during short term stimulation of rat adrenals.


OBJECTIVES
To investigate laboratory and bone marrow findings that can help predict a diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) for patients who have demonstrated hemophagocytes (HPCs) in the bone marrow.

METHODS
A total of 57 cases from 48 patients with HPCs present on bone marrow examination were included. The numbers and morphologic characteristics of HPCs with ingested nucleated cells (nHPC) were counted. Pertinent medical history, relevant laboratory values, and flow cytometry data at the time of bone marrow biopsy were collected.

RESULTS
A total of 24 patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for HLH, and the remaining 24 patients did not. By using HLH-2004 cutoffs, only hypertriglyceridemia (≥265 mg/dL) was significantly associated with HLH diagnosis. The HLH cases more frequently had nHPC-ingesting granulocytic cells (gHPC) (75.9% vs 24.1%, P = .009). The percentage of gHPC to all nHPC was also significantly higher in HLH cases (median, 15.4% vs 0%; P = .0002). Both triglyceride level (area under the curve [AUC]  = 0.88, P < .0001) and gHPC percentage (AUC = 0.81, P = .0005) were significant in predicting HLH diagnosis. Finally, no overt immunophenotypic abnormality was noted for 19 HLH cases with available flow cytometry data.

CONCLUSIONS
The presence of hypertriglyceridemia and more frequent gHPC has predictive value for HLH diagnosis in patients with bone marrow HPC.


Illness uncertainty is a common experience across many chronic and acute conditions. Patients with cardiac conditions may experience uncertainty in relation to various aspects of their illness, including its causes, management and prognosis, as well as uncertainty about the future more broadly. There are several contributors to illness uncertainty among these patients, many of which are related to patient factors, such as previous expectations of the illness, sensitivity to physical symptoms and intolerance of uncertainty. Service factors, such as inadequate provision of information, can also contribute to illness uncertainty. Heightened illness uncertainty may result in negative psychological, cognitive and behavioural outcomes. Fears related to the future, specifically fear of disease progression and recurrent events, play an important role in how illness uncertainty is experienced by patients with cardiac conditions. This article presents an overview of illness uncertainty and its impact on cardiac recovery.


Diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) harboring the H3K27M mutation are highly aggressive, fatal brainstem tumors that primarily occur in children. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents numerous drugs from reaching CNS tumors, like DMG, at cytotoxic concentrations. Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) has emerged as a drug delivery technique that bypasses the BBB through a direct interstitial infusion under a pressure gradient. However, drug distribution and clearance from the brain following CED is poorly understood and has been cited as a potential reason for the lack of efficacy observed in prior clinical trials.

 The objective of this study was to understand how two small molecule inhibitors (alisertib, ponatinib) that inhibit cell growth and proliferation in DMG cells in vitro distribute and clear from the brain following CED to the brainstem.

 Sprague-dawley rats underwent a single 60mL CED infusion of drug to the brainstem (200mM alisertib, 10mM ponatinib) and were sacrificed 0.083, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 hours following the completion of the infusion. Brains were dissected and drug concentration was determined via HPLC analysis.

 No rats showed any clinical or neurological signs of toxicity post-infusion. Both drugs showed significant differences in drug concentration based on anatomical brain region where higher concentrations were observed in the pons and cerebellum compared to the cortex. Drug half-life in the brain was ~0.5 hours for alisertib and ~1 hour for ponatinib, but this was not significantly increased following co-administration of elacridar, a BBB efflux pump inhibitor.

 These results suggest that elimination of drugs from the brain in a complex, multifactorial mechanism that warrants further preclinical investigation prior to the initiation of a clinical trial.


A computer system for constructing an investment portfolio for an investor, said computer system performing the steps of receiving risk tolerance data representing the risk tolerance level of the investor; receiving data representing selection criteria from the user terminal, generating, for display on the user interface of the user terminal, a list of investments for inclusion in the portfolio, where the investments are ranked in accordance with the selection criteria; receiving, from the user terminal, data representing a selection of investments from said list of investments for inclusion in the portfolio; and generating, for display on the user interface of the user terminal, a table showing each investment of said selection of investments; a distribution of investor assets over one or more asset classes of each investment; a distribution of assets over one or more asset classes of a benchmark risk category representing a risk tolerance level of the investor; and a distribution of assets over said one or more asset classes for the entire investment portfolio.


A pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient an isolated population of cell suspension from a mammalian fetal pulmonary tissue is disclosed. The fetal pulmonary tissue is at a developmental stage corresponding to that of a human pulmonary organ/tissue at a gestational stage selected from a range of about 20 to about 22 weeks of gestation. Methods of using the pharmaceutical composition are also disclosed.


A semiconductor device comprises a MIS transistor to the signal processing (Q2) formed in a silicon layer on insulator having a body region; and a potential changing means of the body region (1, 03) which from a first step to bring the body region of the MIS transistor in a floating state, a second step of moving the potential the body region to the potential of an input terminal of the MIS transistor in the timing defined by the delay of an inverter (1). This configuration improves the switching characteristics and output current of the MIS transistor.


We investigate the determination of the pole associated to σ from ππ scattering data below the KK threshold, including the new precise data from Ke4 decay reported recently by the NA48/2 Collaboration. Using a large class of analytic parametrizations based on expansions in powers of conformal variables, we obtain for the mass and width of σ values which are consistent with those calculated recently using ChPT and Roy equations, but have larger theoretical uncertainties.


Genetic diversity in 14 salt-tolerant eggplant cultivars were assessed using sequence related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) makers. These results suggested that there was a high level of genetic diversity among 14 salt-tolerant eggplant cultivars, and ISSR makers were superior to SRAP. In SRAP analysis, each primer could amplify 8 to 15 polymorphic bands with an average of 12.12 bands. A total of 315 bands were observed in 26 primers, among which 263 bands were polymorphic and the percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB) was 83.49%. Among the eggplant accessions, the SRAP-based genetic similarity (SRAP-GS) ranged from 0.212 to 0.923 with a mean of 0.755. In ISSR analysis, the number of bands from each ISSR marker ranged from 5 to 16 with an average of 10.87. A total of 163 bands were detected, among which 141 bands were polymorphic and the PPB was 86.50%. The ISSR-derived genetic similarity (ISSR-GS) ranged from 0.333 to 0.957 with a mean of 0.736. The cluster analysis indicated that all satl-tolerant eggplant accessions could be distinguished by both SRAP and ISSR markers. Mantel test indicated that SRAP and ISSR markers were significantly associated (r=0.904, P0.01).


The focus of the symposium is on researching a programme with multiple sites of practice (in four conutries on four continents), learners distributed across the world and an emphasis on a pedagogy that embeds intercultural understanding. Studies from different perspectives are used to explore research issues in intercultural courses.


Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia are typically complicated by thrombosis. According to this multicenter study recurrent thrombosis is observed in about one third of patients. Cytoreduction protects against recurrence of thrombosis. The contemporary use of oral anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents further reduce the incidence of re-thrombosis. Background Prior thrombosis is a well-established risk factor for re-thrombosis in polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia but scarce data are available on the rate of re-thrombosis and the optimal strategy for prevention of recurrence. Design and Methods We retrospectively estimated the rate of recurrence in a multicenter cohort of 494 patients (poly-cythemia vera/essential thrombocythemia 235/259) with previous arterial (67.6%) or venous thrombosis (31%) or both (1.4%). First thrombosis was cerebrovascular disease in 191 cases, acute coronary syndrome in 106, peripheral arterial thrombosis in 44, and venous thromboembolism in 160. Microcirculatory events were not computed. Results Thrombosis recurred in 166 patients (33.6%), with an incidence of 7.6% patient-years. Sex, diagnosis (polycythemia vera or essential thrombocythemia), and presence of vascular risk factors did not predict recurrence, whereas age >60 years did (multivariable hazard ratio [HR], 1.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19–2.32). Increased leukocyte count at the time of the first thrombosis was a risk factor for recurrence in patients <60 years old (HR 3.55; 95% CI 1.02–12.25). Cytoreduction halved the risk in the overall cohort (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.38–0.73) and the combination with antiplatelet agents or oral anticoagulants was more effective than administration of single drugs. Significant prevention of rethrombosis was independently achieved in patients with venous thromboembolism by both oral anticoagulants (HR 0.32; 95% CI 0.15–0.64) and antiplatelet agents (HR 0.42; 95% CI 0.22–0.77), in those with acute coronary syndrome by cytoreduction (HR 0.30; 95% CI 0.13–0.68), and in those with cerebrovascular disease by antiplatelet agents (HR 0.33; 95% CI 0.16–0.66). The overall incidence of major bleeding was 0.9% patient-years and rose to 2.8% in patients receiving both antiplatelet and anti-vitamin K agents. Conclusions In patients with polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia, cytoreduction protects against recurrent thrombosis, particularly after acute coronary syndrome. The contemporary use of oral anticoagulants (after venous thromboembolism) or antiplatelet agents (after cerebrovascular disease or venous thromboembolism) further improves the protective effect. Such findings call for prospective studies aimed at investigating whether strategies tailored according to the type of first thrombosis could improve prevention of recurrences.


As the growing need for wireless communications is constantly increasing, the demand for better coverage, enhance user capacity, and higher transmission quality rises. To provide interference mitigation and enhance user capacity the smart antenna system is one of the promising technologies. This paper presents performance analysis of LMS (Least Mean Square) adaptive beamforming algorithm for smart antenna system. Use different spacing between array element, increase number of array elements and also use different array geometry i.e. linear array, circular array, and planar array. Simulation is done by using MATLAB software.


It is by now widely accepted that the structural characteristics of the countries to become the euro area did not adhere to the conditions of an optimum currency area (OCA) when the euro was introduced in 1999. However, the satisfaction of OCA criteria may not be required for a workable currency union, because the criteria have to rely on a very restrictive concept of money and their satisfaction may be largely endogenous to shifts in the economic policy regime. Growth and convergence of prosperity across a currency union rather depend on the appropriate macroeconomic policy institutions. Therefore, in this paper the effects of the new EMU institutional framework for monetary, fiscal and wage policies on overall growth and on convergence across the euro area are analysed. It is concluded that not only the period of nominal convergence towards EMU but also the initial period of the euro area has suffered from a rather restrictive macroeconomic policy mix which has neither been conducive to aggregate growth nor to real convergence across the euro area. In order to improve growth and convergence some major institutional reforms seem to be required. JEL classification: E58, E61, F15


Due to a lack of supporting evidence, market beta in the widely-acclaimed Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) is considered dead nowadays. In this paper we propose a novel approach for estimating market beta using the traditional market model. Upon deriving a covariance adjustment term, we specify a so-called observed market beta for each asset. We show that observed market beta can be approximated from information contained in the market model, including the estimated market beta, variance of market index returns, and residual error variance. Based on historical U.S. stock returns, different test assets, and standard cross-sectional tests, we find that observed market beta is significantly priced in the cross section of average stock returns with no pricing error. Similar to the findings of other researchers, evidence does not support the traditional market beta. We conclude that observed market beta provides renewed empirical support for CAPM theory.


Summary The postharvest quality of raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) was evaluated after treatment with several natural volatile compounds and storage at 0, 10 or 20 � C. At high storage temperature (20 � C), raspberries deteriorated rapidly and none of the natural volatile compounds that were used were effective in extending storage life of the fruit. At low storage temperature (0 � C), little difference could be discerned among the various volatile treatments. However, at 10 � C storage, raspberries treated with methyl jasmonate (MJ), allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), tea tree oil (TTO), or absolute ethyl alcohol had less decay. MJ- and TTO-treated fruit also maintained higher levels of sugars, organic acids and oxygen radical absorbance capacity compared with untreated fruit. Samples treated with acetic acid or vinegar vapour did not differ from control fruit. Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations within the containers during storage revealed that none of the treatments caused accumulation or depletion of these gases to a level that would be harmful to raspberries. Colour measurements of the berries showed that all raspberry fruit became darker and less red after storage, but fruit treated with MJ were found to have the highest intensity of red colour while AITC application caused the berries to appear lighter in colour.