Protease enzymes perform the hydrolysis of proteins or large polypeptide chains into smaller peptides and amino acids, and thus facilitate their absorption by cells wh ich is produced by different types of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast and actinomycetes. Co mmercially they are very important in different industrial levels and products. The aim of this study was to isolate the protease producing bacteria and fungi and to optimize the media co mposition that supports the maximu m protease production. In the present study the variation of protease production by the bacteria (Bacillus fastidiosus, Z8) and the fungi (Aspergillus funiculosus, Za) was observed by determining their optimu m conditions e.g. incubation period, temperature, pH, substrate specificity and substrate concentration etc, where the results showed that the fungal isolate Za under study are good producers of protease than the bacterial isolate Z8 though it took longer incubation time (5 days) for crude enzy me production in the presence of fructose as carbon source at temperature 35°C with pH 6.0.Th is might be an indication that protease production can be variable amongst microbes to microbes.


With the aid of the homogeneous balance principle,Backlund transformation to (3+ 1) - dimensional KdV - type equation is derived. Based on the Backlund transformation, the single solitary wave solution and multi - solitary wave solutions of the (3 + 1) - dimensional KdV - type Equation are obtained.


In 1986, Plastic Lake (pH≈5.6), acidified by acidic precipitation, and L.302S (pH≈5.0), experimentally acidified by addition of H2SO4, showed similar patterns of unattached benthic growth (metaphyton) of filamentous green algae. The mid to late summer build-up of metaphyton was extensive in both lakes, affecting nearly 100% of the lake perimeters, being concentrated in a shallow band 0.5–1.0 m deep in L.302S and 0.4–2.7 m deep in Plastic Lake. Distribution was negatively related to depth and bottom slope but independent of type of substratum. The areal density of metaphyton in the 0–2 m depth zone of Plastic Lake was estimated to be 1.2 g dry weight (dw)∙m−2. The productivity of metaphyton standardized by biomass was inversely related to the concentration of algae incubated. Over a common range of incubation concentrations primary production rates were similar in L.302S and Plastic Lake (≈1.6 μg C (mg dw)−1∙h−1) despite differences in the composition of the communities, predominately Mougeotia sp. and Spi...


– Caenorhabditis (C.) elegans is a multicellular model animal, which shares a high genetic similarity and molecular pathways with human being. C.elegans features small size, transparency, short life cycle, ease of cultivation, and fully-sequenced genome. Prior studies has shown that C.elegans can regulate its locomotion in response to the surrounding environment depending on the worm's olfactory.[1] As a result, C. elegans can be treated as a potential biosensor in detection of diseases.[2] Accordingly, an integrated microchip for cancer prescreening was developed. This microchip comprising three layers was made of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) and engraved by a CNC mill machine (Roland, RPS-400). The middle sliding layer inculded one chamber (1 mm in height) with one outlet was used for worm transferring. The bottom control layer consisted of one culture chamber and five testing chamber, the testing chamber included one gaitprint analysis chamber (0.1 mm in height), one kinetic power analysis chamber (0.1 mm in height and 2 mm in diameter), and the others are for cancer prescreening. Two image algorithms, gaitprint analysis and kinetic power, were developed to decipher the information embedded in the locomotion. In the former, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was used to decompose the worm's kymogram into 12 features. By comparing the features between an unknown worm and a predefined database, a gaitprint was obtained. In the latter, the knetic power was derived from a velocity vector map of particle image velocimetry (PIV).[3] Since worms were isolated in a droplet, the force exerted from them would be calculated from the fluid movement. For the cancer prescreening, Caco-2 and Hela cells were used. The culture media of both cancer cells were extracted and readjusted their pH to 8. The same culture medium with no cancer cells was used as a control for subsequent comparisons. Small drops of all the media were pipetted to three microchips, respectively. Five wild-type (N2) worms were simultaneously cultured and measured on the microchip. The result showed that worms incubated with the cancer cell culture medium became more active than the control group. Finally, the worms cultured with urine from cancer patient will lead to different results of gaitprint and kinetic power, in the future.


Thisin vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effect of tooth whitening on the surface roughness of dental restorative materials using AFM. Two hybrid resin composites and nano-ionomer were fabricated in samples with 2 mm thickness and 6 mm diameter. No changes in roughness was observed for all three materials tested after 14 days of bleaching with 20% carbamide peroxide (CP), compared to the control group. It can be concluded that 20% CP home bleaching did not cause changes in surface roughness of the tested materials.


[Objective] The aim was to seek a new effective pattern of immune procedure in order to effectively control epidemic situation of classical swine fever(CSF),swine foot-and-mouth disease(FMD) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome(PRRS) in Yulin district.[Method] In Hengshan and Mizhi County of Shaanxi Province,140 pigs were divided into 7 groups randomly,20 pigs in each group.In immune experiment,we applied CSF live vaccine(spleen and lymph tissue origin),FMD inactivated vaccine(type 0-Ⅱ) and PRRS inactivated vaccine(strain NVDC-JXA1) in style of punctiform infection with combinations of one,two and three of these three kinds of vaccines respectively and then detected with ELISA.[Result] ①CSF,FMD and PRRS three kinds of vaccines all could stimulate pigs to produce specific antibody and antibody titer increased regularly on the 21st,28th and 35th day.②When CSF,FMD and PRRS three kinds of vaccines applied separately and simultaneously,FMD and PRRS vaccines could affect rise time of CSF antibody,but effect for immune effectiveness generated was not obvious.③When PRRS and FMD inactivated vaccines were injected simultaneously,the valence positive rate of antibody generated on the 21st,28th and 35th day was higher than the one of PRRS injected only at the same day respectively,that illustrated FMD inactivated vaccine had the positive synergistic effect for generating antibody after injecting PRRS vaccine and promoted generating of effective PRRS antibody.The antibody level of applying FMD inactivated vaccine and PRRS inactivated vaccine simultaneously was lower than the one injected PRRS alone,that illustrated when injected CSF and PRRS vaccine simultaneously,they could effected each other and make immune effect decline.④The antibody level of FMD inactivated vaccine was highest and with tendency of rise when injected FMD and PRRS simultaneously.That was higher than the antibody level of injecting FMD inactivated vaccine alone,indicated that injecting FMD and PRRS simultaneously could promote the generation of FMD antibody.


Leuprolide Acetate has been used for decades to treat hormone‐sensitive conditions such as prostate cancer and endometriosis. In animal models of AD, leuprolide preserves cognition and decreases amyloid deposition and tau phosphorylation by decreasing levels of Luteinizing Hormone. A subgroup analysis of a prior human trial (Bowen, 2016) showed that leuprolide benefited cognition and function in women who were also taking donepezil. Here we describe an ongoing clinical trial of leuprolide to confirm and extend these results.


Surveying students'media-literacy situation in universities of science engineering,it has been found out that Internet and mobile phones have become the two commonly-used media that college students use every day and the students take access to knowledge as a major media-consumption motivation.Most students think that mass media exert a certain influence on their knowledge structure and thinking.Therefore,to improve media literacy of the college students,the universities of science engineering should build the system of media-literacy curriculum with unique characteristics,construct and innovate the spirit of the college students in the new period,improve the quality of medi-a-literacy teachers and carry out media-literacy education by means of mass organizations in universities so as to en-hance the self-education awareness of the students'selection and use of media.


The calculating method of the distribution network line loss was constructed based on the common information model( CIM). Firstly,on the basis of the data demand,the related CIM was reviewed,including connection of the equipment,measurement data,line data,transformer data and so on. Secondly,different data sources of the CIM were determined based on the function module of the distribution system,the data exchange mode between different systems in the distribution grid was also constructed,and the cross-platform data interaction based on CIM was realized. Finally,the CIM was extended according to the mathematical model of the line loss calculation and the line loss class and other classes were constructed so that accurate calculation and efficient management of the line loss were achieved and this calculating method provided reference for other advanced application and development based on CIM.


In this work, We consider an initial boundary value problem for a class of nonlinear hyperbolic equations. We establish a blow-up result for certain solutions with a dissipative term.


This paper is an attempt to analyse the contentious role of drone strikes in the context of the options available in the on-going fight against terrorism in Afghanistan and the Af-Pak region. There are significant legal issues here, both in terms of human rights and in terms of state sovereignty and independence, though there are those who argue that the concept of a "just war" provides adequate justification. Pragmatists focus on effectiveness. In Afghanistan and Pakistan, there are many individuals who lend their support to the drone attacks because they see no other alternative(s), given that the prospects for dialogue seems so unpromising. But however many jihadist leaders are killed, in drone strikes, other effective counter-insurgency action may provide a better option.


This paper argues that the sharp increase in unemployment in a number of advanced countries during the Great Recession was not just cyclical (the result of a lack of aggregate demand); the degree of adjustment of real wages and the impact this had on labor productivity also played a role. In many countries, post-2007 employment losses were modest, as real wages adjusted when the economy slowed down. But in some countries real wage growth stayed too high for too long. The result was large-scale labor shedding, which boosted labor productivity but also contributed to a sharp rise in unemployment. In this context, the paper discusses the different experiences of the UK (where employment increased) and Spain (where it fell sharply), and finds that almost two thirds of the employment losses in Spain resulted from the failure of real wages to adjust adequately.


The use of color calls for the basic knowledge about color including making,the natural color and painting color and color making skills.In this paper,the new approach for the use of color in Chinese painting is discussed which embodies the unique artistic charming of the Chinese painting.


Recently, CBIR (context based image retrieval) which is applied in species conservation for plants, is applied in a variety of industries by many botanists and other experts. Great varieties for plants and diversity from the change of time and space make the problem become complex. In this paper, an image retrieval system of plants based context is constructed, which extracts color, shape and texture features from images of plants to compute the similarity distance, and then, related image results can be provided by sorting the similarity distance. Four algorithms is analyzed in experiments, the results show that the algorithm based texture extraction has strong retrieval robustness.


The role of micro and small enterprises in development and poverty eradication efforts is significant due to its combined nature of massive job creation and employment opportunity. In view of this, the current Ethiopian government has embarked on facilitating several organizations to create workable environment for micro and small enterprises. Although casual sectors have been working in Ethiopia for decades and support many poor families, the modern idea of micro and small enterprises has reinforced these efforts by taken a form of institutionalization transformation. This modern scheme of institutionalization is currently supporting casual sectors and inviting a number of new entrants to the enterprises. This paper presents the Ethiopian government policy direction and evaluates the performance of micro and small enterprises in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People's State (SNNP). The presentation and evaluation are based on SNNP's 2012 to2013 data. The paper also discusses the supports given to enterprises by the government. Descriptive and inferential statistics are used to analyze the data. In addition, policy documents are reviewed and compared with the actual performances. The results showed that there are strong and positive relations between supports provided by the government and the performance of micro and small enterprises. The result indicated that all forms of governmental supports are important and imperative for the growth and productivity of micro and small enterprises. Keywords or phrases: Micro and small enterprises, Poverty elimination, Job creation, Policy and strategy, and Sector


We make use of the estimated Field Aligned Current (FAC) data provided by SWARM constellation A/B/C, we study the FAC footprint and strength in the northern hemisphere region. Through 398 day of good FAC data of SWARM-A, we got a profile not only of the FAC intensity footprint at the subaurotral region but also a profile of the FAC intensity in the northern geographic from the equator until the polar cap region at different Magnetic Local Time (MLT). Results showed that the maximum and minimum dayside FAC intensities shifted to higher latitudes, while the nightside FAC shifted to lower latitudes. The latitudinal difference between the dayside and nightside FAC intensity is approximately 3 degrees. Near the duskside the minimum FAC intensity is stronger than the maximum FAC intensity.


Mutations in the gat B gene as well as mutations in the putative structural gene gat A and the positive acting regulatory gene int A can affect γ-amino- n -butyrate (GABA) transaminase (EC 220.127.116.11) levels in the ascomycete fungus Aspergillus nidulans . Partial or complete loss of function mutations in gat A, gat B and ssu A, which specifies succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase, can lead to accumulation of ω-amino acids resulting in pseudo-constitutivity and elevated expression of (retained) activities under int A control. These regulatory effects underlie selective methods for gat B − , ssu A − and leaky gat A − mutations. However, all three gat B − alleles which have been selected lead only to partial loss of GABA transaminase activity as judged by both in vivo and in vitro criteria. It has not been established whether the leakiness of these three gat B − mutations is an allele-specific or a locus-specific effect and whether or not the GABA transaminase present in gat B − strains differs from the wild type enzyme. Thus the role of the gat B product remains to be elucidated. The gat B gene is not closely linked to any other gene involved in ω-amino metabolism or related pathways.


DNA barcoding is a novel system designed to provide rapid,accurate,and automatable species identifications by using short,standardized gene regions as internal species tags.In this study,the sequences of COI gene fragments(1 338 bp) of 4 species:Plinachtus dissimilis Hsiao,1964,P.bicoloripes Scott,1874,P.acicularis(Fabricius,1803) and P.basalis(Westwood,1842) in Plinachtus(Hemiptera:Heteroptera:Coreidae) from China were amplified.Both the results of the genetic distances of inter-and intraspecies,and phylogenetic analysis based on the COI gene sequences by the methods of NJ,MP and Bayesian,support that P.dissimilis and P.bicoloripes are same species.


Synergy of medical education is the only way to improve the quality of clinical medical personnel training in China. This paper analyzed the new demands for the reform of clinical medical education to construct standardized training system for resident doctors/specialists, unified training standards, strengthen training base construction; clarified the new challenges of the establishment of clinical medical personnel training model, strengthening the function of educating in hospital faced by medical education after graduation; proposed the specific measures that orderly connecting the graduate education and college education, standardized training system for resident doctors and specialists training system, standardized training system for resident doctors/specialists and Master/Doctor degree of clinical medicine professional degree system, in order to provide reference for establishing and perfecting education system after graduation, and cultivating qualified clinicians.

Key words:
Medicine-education cooperation; Graduate medical education; Construction; Consideration


This document gcontains six leaflets that were published separately to accompany exhibitions held in 1997-1998 at Galerie B-312. Each leaflet includes a text on the exhibited work and brief biographical notes on the artist; some also contain an artist's project printed on translucent paper. Most texts in French only.


THE LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENT EXERCISES TO OPTIMIZE THE PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MOTORIC ASPECTS OF CHILDREN WITH DOWN SYNDROME . One aspect that is very important for the development and growth of early childhood is the gross motor aspect, because gross motor development will have implications for the future development of children. Likewise with children with physical and mental retardation (Down Syndrome). To optimize the physical development of motoric aspects of children with Down syndrome, a teacher or parent needs to provide movement exercises for children, for example locomotor movements. The purpose of writing this article is to describe the gross motor development of children with Down syndrome through locomotor motion exercises. The research subject in this study was a child with the initials Jf who attended the Pelangi Anak Negeri Islamic Kindergarten aged 5 years and 5 months and experienced Down syndrome with mild intellectual disability. In the research process, researchers used descriptive qualitative methods with data collection techniques using observation, interview and documentation techniques. While the data analysis technique in this study was carried out using the Miles and Huberman models with the data analysis stages namely data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions and verification by testing the wetness of the data using triangulation techniques. The results showed that the physical motoric aspects of Down syndrome children developed after being given locomotor exercises. Children are able to perform locomotor movements such as running, crawling, walking, climbing, sliding, crouching, jumping, rolling and jumping.


Quitting smoking before or during pregnancy is one of the most important steps a mom-to-be can take to make sure she delivers a healthy baby. Research done at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town found that smoking during pregnancy was associated with an 8% increase in pre-term delivery and a three-fold increase in abruption placentae - a complication during pregnancy in which the placenta (which feeds the unborn child) prematurely separates from the wall of the uterus. These two conditions are the most common causes of death in unborn and newborn babies. Even for mothers who are aware of these risks giving up smoking is a terrible struggle. But fortunately theres a glimmer of hope. Even a few minutes spent discussing smoking with a pregnant woman can mean the difference between another puff and kicking the habit says Ms Kathy Everett a researcher in the MRCs Chronic Diseases of Lifestyle Research Unit. She bases her opinion on American research which has found that a structured smoking cessation intervention of only 5-7 minutes using guideline procedures can significantly improve cessation rates among pregnant women. (excerpt)


Along with the worldwide arising of the social responsibility of commercial banks,the problems concerning soial responsibility of Chinese commercial banks have attracted the attention of relevant government departments,trade organizations and social public.In this situation,the domestic banks are taking action to respond to this problem.However,in this slightly noisy social responsibility movement concerning the domestic commercial banks,the defects in the supervision mechanism always restrict the actual effect of the movement.Therefore,it is significant to establish a supervision mechanism that integrates"hard law" and "soft law"with internal and external supervision,only through which the performance effects of social responsibility of domestic commercial banks can be upgraded.


Abstract This research aimed to examine the correlation between religiosity and the academic procastination . This study also intended to reveal the difference of college student's religosity and the academic procastination observed from gender, etnics, and progra ms of study. Purposive sampling was used in this study. The subjects of this study were college students in faculty of Dakwah dan Komunikasi. They were male and female which at least 201 1 to 201 3 of entering years. There were 1 85 colleges students involved in this research, 67 males and 1 18 females. The results of the Pearson Correlation Analysis indicated that there were a significant and negative correlation between religiosity and the the academic procastination . With "r" scores was 0.410, and"p"< 0.01 was 0.000. The results of independent-sample t test also indicated that there were difference between religiosity and academic procastination obse rved from studies program. The religiosity of PMI program was the higher than others (KPI, BKI, MD and IKS). And the higher of academic procastination was the IKS program study. Key words: Religosity, A cademic P rocastination .


The scavenging activity on DPPH· of extracts from different organs(root,stem,leaf and flower) of Salvia bowleyans was measured and compared with those of BHT,Rutin and Vit C.The results indicated that these different extracts from S.bowleyana could scavenge DPPH· effectively in the setting reaction system,and the scavenging effects of the extracts was in dosage-dependent.The DPPH· scavenging activity of extracts from four organs decreased in the order of root extract,flower extract,stem extract and leaf extract.The scavenging activities of root and flower extracts on DPPH· were higher than those of BHT,but slightly lower than those of Rutin and Vit C.The antiradical efficiency of root extract,flower extract,BHT,Rutin and Vit C was 8.77,8.20,7.87,9.17,9.71,respectively.Spectrum displayed that the main antiradical ability of component was polyphenols.


Over 10 centuries, ancient cultivated tea populations (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) are still planted merely in Yunnan province of China. Genetic diversity and differentiation were examined in 10 ancient tea plantations by using ISSR markers. The average genetic diversity within populations, estimated with Nei's genetic diversity (H(E)), was approximately 0.2809, while Shannon indices (H(O)) was 0.4179. The percentage of polymorphic loci (P) of the 10 populations ranged from 56.5% to 90.91%. We found a moderate level of genetic differentiation among population as evidenced by the coefficients of gene differentiation (Gst) of 0.3911 and the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of 39.70%. The result could be explained by the nature of highly out crossing in the tea species as well as serious habitat fragmentation. Finally, conservation strategies were discussed to protect these ancient tea populations, including in situ reserve settings and ex situ germplasm sampling.


Section 2.3.11 of the Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering on Landau damping is updated. The slip factor and its higher orders are given in terms of the various orders of the momentum compaction. With the aid of a simplified FODO lattice, formulas are given for the alteration of the lower orders of the momentum compaction by various higher multipole magnets. The transition to isochronicity is next demonstrated. Formulas are given for the extraction of the first three orders of the slip factor from the measurement of the synchrotron tune while changing the rf frequency. Finally bunch-length compression experiments in semi-isochronous rings are reported.


Objective To investigate the efficiency and complications of endoscopic minor sphincterotomy plus large balloon dilatation( ESBD) for treatment of common bile duct( CBD) stones. Methods 90 Patients with extra-hepatic bile duct stones and with the diameter of CBD larger than 13 mm were randomly divided into 3 groups with 30 patients in each group that were received endoscopic maximal sphincterotomy( EST) group,endoscopic papillary balloon dilation( EPBD) group and ESBD group respectively,followed by conventional stones removal and / or lithotripsy. The successful rate and time of stone clearance,repeatedly stone removal,the rate of mechanical lithotripsy and related complications were observed. Results The rate of stones clearance with single session in3 groups were 96. 7%( 29 /30),90. 0%( 27 /30) 和 100%( 30 /30)( EST vs EPBD vs ESBD,P = 0. 160) respectively. The stone-removal time were( 21. 50 ± 6. 69) min,( 22. 97 ± 6. 62) min and( 17. 77 ± 4. 37) min( P = 0. 004). The rate of mechanical lithotripsy were 36. 7%,30. 0% and 10. 0%( P = 0. 048). Repeatedly stone removal were 23,25 and 16 cases respectively( P = 0. 027). The short-term complications occurred in 4 cases in EST( 3 mild pancreatitis,1 hemorrhage),3 cases in EPBD( 3 mild pancreatitis),and1 case in ESBD( 1 mild pancreatitis)( P = 0. 383). No death happened in any group. The long-term complications occurred in 8 cases in EST( 3 recurrent choledocholithiasis,4 cholangitis,1 bile reflux),4 cases in EPBD( 2 recurrent choledocholithiasis,2 cholangitis),and 1 case in ESBD( 1 recurrent choledocholithiasis)( P = 0. 036). Conclusion ESBD is an effective and safe method for clearance of CBD stones,especially for large stones or difficult sphincterotomy.


We present the on-demand link vector (OLIVE) protocol, a routing protocol for ad-hoc networks based on link-state information that is free of routing loops and supports destination-based packet forwarding. Routers exchange routing information reactively for each destination in the form of complete paths, and each node creates a labeled source graph based on the paths advertised by its neighbors. A node originates a broadcast route request to obtain a route for a destination for which a complete path does not exist in its source graph. When the original path breaks, a node can select an alternative path based on information reported by neighbors, and a node can send a unicast route request to verify that the route is still active. A node that cannot find any alternate path to a destination sends route errors reliably to those neighbors that were using it as next hop to the destination. Using simulation experiments in ns2, OLIVE is shown to outperform DSR, AODV, OLSR and TBRPF, in terms of control overhead, throughput, and average network delay, while maintaining loop-free routing with no need for source routes.


A full-cycle three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics(CFD) model coupled with detailed chemical kinetics was developed to investigate the effect of late intake valve closing(IVC) on combustion and emission characteristics in a diesel homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) engine.Utilization of late IVC provides effective ignition timing controlling and significant reduction of nitrogen oxides(NOx) by decreasing effective compression ratio,but it increases soot,hydrocarbon(HC) and carbon monoxide(CO) emissions due to low combustion temperature and lack of oxygen.Parametric studies by varying intake pressure,exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) rate and start of injection(SOI) timing by changing IVC timing were conducted to explore the potential of late IVC on emission reduction of diesel HCCI engines.Results show that,late IVC and boosting intake pressure realize ultra-low NOx while maintain low soot,HC and CO emissions if sufficient EGR and optimized SOI timing are set.By retarding IVC timing to 260°CA and employing 0.18 MPa intake pressure,50% EGR and 20°CA BTDC SOI,both NOx and soot formation regions can be suppressed under partial engine load.


Abstract Racemic K‐opioid receptor (KOR) agonist 2‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1‐[(4aRS,8SR,8aSR)‐8‐(pyrrolidin‐1‐yl)‐3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydroquinolin‐1(2H)‐yl]ethan‐1‐one ((±)‐4) was prepared in a diastereoselective synthesis. The first key step of the synthesis was the diastereoselective hydrogenation of the silyl ether of 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinoin‐8‐ol ((±)‐9) to afford cis,cis‐configured perhydroquinoline derivative (±)‐10. Removal of the TBDMS protecting group led to a β‐aminoalcohol that reacted with SO2Cl2 to form an oxathiazolidine. Nucleophilic substitution with pyrrolidine resulted in the desired cis,trans‐configured perhydroquinoline upon inversion of the configuration. In order to obtain enantiomerically pure KOR agonists 4 (99.8 % ee) and ent‐4 (99.0 % ee), 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolin‐8‐ols (R)‐8 (99.1 % ee) and (S)‐8 (98.4 % ee) were resolved by an enantioselective acetylation catalyzed by Amano lipase PS‐IM. The absolute configuration was determined by CD spectroscopy. The 4aR,8S,8aS‐configured enantiomer 4 showed sub‐nanomolar KOR affinity (K i=0.81 nM), which is more than 200 times higher than the KOR affinity of its enantiomer ent‐4. In the cAMP assay and the Tango β‐arrestin‐2 recruitment assay, 4 behaved as a KOR agonist. Upon incubation of human macrophages, human dendritic cells, and mouse myeloid immune cells with 4, the number of cells expressing co‐stimulatory receptor CD86 and proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor α was significantly reduced; this indicates the strong anti‐inflammatory activity of 4. The anti‐inflammatory effects correlated well with the KOR affinity: (4aR,8S,8aS)‐4 was slightly more potent than the racemic mixture (±)‐4, and the distomer ent‐4 was almost inactive.


A two-dimensional simulation of thermal debinding in powder injection molding is presented. Special interest is placed on deformation and stress generation due to polymer removal by thermal debinding The strains and stresses arising from polymer content change, gas pressure, and temperature change are considered. The simulated results reveal that the strain and stress in the compact are dominated primarily by polymer content change. The nonuniform distribution of polymer content during the polymer removal process is attributed to nonuniform flow of the polymer; attendant nonuniform deformation and stresses in the compact can lead to failure.


Blood platelet adhesion is crucial for arterial thrombosis and hemostasis. The attachment of platelets to the injuries takes place under the action of high hydrodynamic forces and relies on the formation of breakable ligand-receptor bonds between the cell and the adhesive substrate. In this work we study how the geometrical effects may change the adhesive forces that stick platelets to the wounds. The mathematical model shows that oblate cells with high aspect ratio are more favourable for thrombus growth.


There is included a horizontal noise determining unit that determines, on the basis of the shape of a frequency distribution of differences each between the signal intensity of a respective target signal, which is extracted from a respective video signal and is to be used for a respective pixel, and the signal intensity of a respective comparison signal, which is remote by a given interval from the respective target signal, whether to reduce noise from the video signal.


Distribution and diversity of nrfA gene encoding dissimilatory nitrite reduction to ammonium (DNRA) in the sediments of the Colne River, North Essex, UK, were investigated. Sequencing cloned nrfA fragments amplified from environmental DNA enabled structure analysis of the bacterial community responsible for this pathway. The DNA was extracted from the sediment samples at different depths from the estuary ranging from freshwater to seawater regions, and amplified using specific PCR primer pairs targeting for the nrfA gene. Analysis of the nrfA clones showed two distinct clusters corresponding to their origins, namely, divided into the stable sites (marine and freshwater regions) and the unstable sites (brackish water region), where the tidal rise and fall constantly disturbs the environmental conditions. In addition, the nrfA clones from the deeper layer of the sediment formed a more homogenous community than those from the surface layer of the sediment. This may be due to more isolated and anaerobic conditions kept in the deeper sediment less influenced by the overlying water and other environmental factors. Most of the nrfA clones from the Colne estuarine sediments formed several distinct clusters including known nitrate ammonifiers such as Aeromonas, Shewanella, Desulfovibrio and Sulfurospillum. One of which was, however, related to Bacteroides but still quite divergent (∼70% identity) and the rest forming unknown clusters of supposedly uncultured members of bacteria. This is the first trial to describe the nrfA partial sequences derived from a natural environment, with reference to their habitat-specific community structure.


The article describes the function of linguistic aphorisms, sentential forms of Oles Honchar, written in the author's student notes and publicistics; the attention was paid to the aim of utterance, pragmatic intentions of the writer-classic of Ukrainian literature. The authors used a descriptive method to characterize the factual material, functional-semantic and ethno-linguistic analysis was carried out with the method of identifying ethno-cultural information, pragmatic – based on the installation of the author's communicative strategies, elements of the discursive analysis – for mastering the content.
It was proved that Oles Honchar's aphorisms about language are the key to the understanding of the author's essence of the language and a word, their function in the life of the Ukrainian community, in the life of an independent state; it is a struggle for the power and viability of the Ukrainian language as a means of communication. The writer's aphorisms, his maxims perform a representative function, because they demonstrate, first of all, the author's attitude to the language, an evaluative function, because they provide an assessment of the literary creativity of many Ukrainian writers. In the master of words sayings, the reader's attention is concentrated on the main specific features of the Ukrainian language, attention is drawn to the most pressing problems of today. Therefore, these utterances perform culminating, accumulative and actualizing functions.
Oles Honchar's aphorisms implement the aesthetic function, which allows you to transfer the subjective attitude to what is being reported. Among aphorisms there are many such ones, which have characterological and nominative functions. Metalanguage (metalinguistic) function of aphorisms is also used, if there are some words in them which serve for explanation of others, when after the author's comments, dialogic statements are established that express personal, interindividual and interactional character.


Wastewater contained Ni~(2+) was treated with humic acid resin made from efflorescencecoal. The exchange rate reached 93% and the consistency of Ni~(2+) was below 0.5 mg/L, and its second pollution decreased greatly.


The principal source of our knowledge of Veii during the Imperial age is that contained in the inscriptions found on the site itself and in the immediate neighbourhood, supplemented to some extent by the surviving remains. Veii lay off the main road and, while enjoying a modest prosperity under the early Empire, it never achieved sufficient importance to leave any mark upon the larger historical scene. It is hardly mentioned in the contemporary literature; nor, so far as we know, did any son of Veii ever achieve prominence in the outer world. Almost its only claim to contemporary distinction seems to have lain in the evil reputation of its wine. Such as it is, the literary and epigraphic evidence is well summarised in the introduction to the section on Veii in the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum (vol. XI, 1, p. 557) and need not here be repeated in full. It will be sufficient to call attention to a few points that have a particular bearing on the historical topography of the city and on the character and scope of the surviving remains.


The paper addresses the original question of calculation and application of the Value at Risk of the mathematical provision in a fair valuation context. The VaR calculation poses both methodological and numerical problems. The first issue concerns the choice of the VaR models and the number of risk factors, while the second one regards the calculation technique. The paper provides for an insight into the determinants of the VaR of the mathematical provision and for a calculation performed by using a simulation approach. As far as the applications are concerned, managerial, regulatory and solvability implementations are explored and discussed.


The back-streaming white neutron source (Back-n) is a comprehensive neutron experimental platform for nuclear data measurement, nuclear astrophysics, neutron irradiation, detector calibration, etc. In order to meet a variety of experimental requirements, an attempt of various combinations of collimators has been made for the current collimation system. The basic parameters such as beam flux and beam spot characteristics under different beam operation modes have been studied. According to the change of the CSNS proton beam operation mode, the influence of different proton beam spots on the Back-n beam is also studied. The study finds that some beam modes with new collimator combinations can meet the experimental requirements and greatly shorten the experimental time. In addition, we have found a parameterized formula for the uniform beam spot of the high-power proton beam based on the beam monitor data, which provides a more accurate proton-beam source term for future white neutron beam physics and application researches.


The bound state of a $\tau^+\tau^-$ pair by the electromagnetic force is the heaviest and smallest QED atom. Since the discovery of the two lightest QED atoms more than 60 years ago, no evidence for the third one has been found. We demonstrate that the $J_\tau$ ($\tau^+\tau^-$ atom with $J^{PC}=1^{--}$) resonance signal can be observed with a significance larger than $5\sigma$ including both statistical and systematic uncertainties, via the process $e^+e^-\to X^+ Y^- \slashed{E}$ ($X,\,Y=e$, $\mu$, $\pi$, $K$, or $\rho$, and $\slashed{E}$ is the missing energy) with $1.5~{\rm ab^{-1}}$ data taken around the $\tau$ pair production threshold. The $\tau$ lepton mass can be measured in a precision of 2~keV with the same data sample. This is within one year's running time of the proposed super tau-charm factory or super charm-tau factory.


40 GHz Boolean XOR is demonstrated using an ultrafast nonlinear interferometer (UNI) gate. The gate operates with low switching energy and signals from the same source. It may be used in networking applications without wavelength conversion.


Recently, position-based quantum cryptography has been claimed to be unconditionally secure. On the contrary, here we show that the existing proposals for position-based quantum cryptography are, in fact, insecure if entanglement is shared among two adversaries. Specifically, we demonstrate how the adversaries can incorporate ideas of quantum teleportation and quantum secret sharing to compromise the security with certainty. The common flaw to all current protocols is that the Pauli operators always map a codeword to a codeword (up to an irrelevant overall phase). We propose a modified scheme lacking this property in which the same cheating strategy used to undermine the previous protocols can succeed with a rate of at most 85%. We prove the modified protocol is secure when the shared quantum resource between the adversaries is a two- or three-level system.


In recent years, an undescribed species of Unaspis MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) has become a damaging pest on the fruit crop Lansium domesticum Corrêa (family Meliaceae) in the Philippines.


The Kerr nature of a compact-object-coalescence remnant can be unveiled by observing multiple quasi-normal modes (QNMs) in the post-merger signal. Current methods to achieve this goal rely on matching the data with a superposition of exponentially damped sinusoids with amplitudes fitted to numerical-relativity (NR) simulations of binary black-hole (BBH) mergers. These models presume the ability to correctly estimate the time at which the gravitational-wave (GW) signal starts to be dominated by the QNMs of a perturbed BH. Here we show that this difficulty can be overcome by using multipolar inspiral-merger-ringdown waveforms, calibrated to NR simulations, as already developed within the effective-one-body formalism (EOBNR). We build a parameterized (nonspinning) EOBNR waveform model in which the QNM complex frequencies are free parameters (pEOBNR), and use Bayesian analysis to study its effectiveness in measuring QNMs in GW150914, and in synthetic GW signals of BBHs injected in Gaussian noise. We find that using the pEOBNR model gives, in general, stronger constraints compared to the ones obtained when using a sum of damped sinusoids and using Bayesian model selection, we also show that the pEOBNR model can successfully be employed to find evidence for deviations from General Relativity in the ringdown signal. Since the pEOBNR model properly includes time and phase shifts among QNMs, it is also well suited to consistently combine information from several observations --- e.g., we find on the order of $\sim 30$ GW150914-like BBH events would be needed for Advanced LIGO and Virgo at design sensitivity to measure the fundamental frequencies of both the $(2,2)$ and $(3,3)$ modes, and the decay time of the $(2,2)$ mode with an accuracy of $\lesssim 5\%$ at the $2\mbox{-}\sigma$ level, thus allowing to test the BH's no-hair conjecture.


The content of this work is to map the eGovernment tools application in organizations out of public authority with emphasis on small and medium companies communication in relation to company - eGovernment using different communication tools.
Models of particular tools and models of different communication channels usage linked to specific legislative of required agenda were created to map the eGovernment tools.
The designed models and procedures were verified on particular information system.


Objectives: Many women who work during pregnancy are occupationally exposed to toxicants. The developing central nervous system is highly vulnerable to neurotoxics such as solvents. Although the neurotoxicity of solvents to adults is well established, very few studies have examined their effects on children's behavior following prenatal exposure. Methods: Women from the PELAGIE mother-child cohort (including 3005 working women) were recruited in Brittany (France) between 2002 and 2006, at the beginning of pregnancy, to assess occupational exposure to solvents at that time. Child behavior was documented at age two by mothers (n=1278) assessing components of attention deficit/hyperactivity, aggression, opposition, and emotionality. We used a multiple linear regression analysis to evaluate the association between occupational solvent exposure and children's behavior. Complementary sensitivity analyses allowed us to handle missing data,


The term 'Heilsgeschichte' reminds one a little of the state of affairs in Israel when there was no king: everyone understands it 'as seems right in his own eyes'. In part this variety of understandings arises because the Bible itself has varied views and emphases about history and salvation, but also in part because scholars have a variety of emotional responses and intellectual understandings with regard to the term 'Heilsgeschichte', itself a word which has been with us as a technical term for roughly a century and a half—that is, during the whole period of modern critical Bible study. To complicate matters, there are related concepts which often colour our understandings of the term—for example, 'stewardship' and 'dispensationalism', particularly in the English-speaking world; and the notion of an 'economy of God', wherever the patristic tradition weighs heavily in biblical studies.


Objective To comprehend the effectiveness and problem in cooperation between TB dispensary and general hospital for increasing tuberculosis case finding rate. Method Retrospective study was used. Results ①The reporting rate and transferring rate of TB cases in general hospital were different between city and village i.e. reporting rate was higher in city and transferring rate was higher in village. ②The rate of TB cases found by general hospital receiving sputum testing was low(13.3%). ③94.1% TB cases who found by general hospital but did not go to TB dispensary were traced by TB dispensary. The result was different for different kinds of tracing methods, and the rate of TB cases getting TB dispensary was high(74.2%)for cases who traced by county TB dispensary's staffs. The main reason why TB cases did not be traced back was the wrong name or address written on reporting cards or cases hospitalization. ④After cooperation between general hospital and TB dispensary, the number of suspects visited TB dispensary and number of active TB cases were more than that in the same time of last year. Conclusion The cooperation between general hospital and TB dispensary could increase the finding number of TB cases and quality of therapy management.


Introduction and Objectives Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a frequent comorbidity in chronic heart failure (CHF). Patients are often asymptomatic and sleep studies may be required for SDB diagnosis. Our department has previously reported that %VLFI component of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is correlated with apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) in CHF (r=0.52). Thus, we tested the hypotheses that %VLFI component of HRV, or pulse oximetry, can be used to rule out SDB in patients with CHF. Methods Stable CHF patients attending cardiology clinics were enrolled, irrespective of cause or severity of CHF. Patients were studied using polysomnography, simultaneous ambulatory electrocardiography and pulse oximetry. SDB was defined as AHI ≥15.0/h, measured by polysomnogram. Fourier analysis of the electrocardiogram was used to measure %VLFI component of HRV, with a cutoff ≥2.23% to indicate SDB. The oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ≥3% was measured by pulse oximeter, with a cutoff >7.5 desaturations/h to indicate SDB. Diagnostic performance of %VLFI and ODI≥3% were calculated, with the polysomnogram as reference standard for SDB diagnosis. Results 180 CHF patients were studied, seven were excluded due to insufficient sleep (<200 min). In 173 CHF patients (mean (SD) age 66.9 (13.0) years; 86% male; Epworth Sleepiness Scale 7.6 (4.3); NYHA 2.1 (0.6); median (IQR) BNP 118 (55–239) pg/ml), SDB was present in 77 (45%) patients with mean AHI 32.4 (18.2)/h. %VLFI was measured in 77 (45%) patients: in CHF patients with SDB (n=36), mean %VLFI was 3.13% (2.4) compared to 3.25% (2.6) in patients without SDB (n=41). Cardiac pacing, atrial fibrillation and frequent ectopy prevented %VLFI measurement in the remainder. ODI ≥3% was measured in 171 patients: in CHF patients with SDB (n=76), mean ODI ≥3% was 29.2 (17.2)/h compared to 10.2 (6.4)/h in patients without SDB (n=95). Conclusion The %VLFI component of HRV has no utility to screen for SDB in patients with CHF. Moreover, it could not be measured in more than half of this cohort of patients. In contrast, the high sensitivity and negative predictive value of the ODI ≥3% suggest pulse oximetry is a valuable tool to rule out SDB in CHF patients.Abstract S16 Table 1 Diagnostic performance of %VLFI and ODI >3% for detection of SDB in CHF patients %VLFI ODI>3% Sensitivity 0.53 0.97 Specificity 0.44 0.32 Positive predictive value 0.45 0.53 Negative predictive value 0.51 0.94 Positive likelihood ratio 0.94 1.42 Negative likelihood ratio 1.08 0.08 Area under receiver operating characteristic curve 0.49 0.92


After pulling a tooth when aesthetics play a role, there is a tendency to place a dental implant immediately after pulling the tooth, preferably in combination with a temporary crown. This tendency is probably related to evolving society factors, with more demanding patients and a wish for an aesthetic and direct result. In two randomized clinical trials (80 patients in total) is the treatment outcome investigated of the immediate placed dental implants into major and minor bone defects after the tooth has been pulled. The number of operations was hereby reduced to 1 or 2 instead of 2 or 3, depending on the bony defect.The treatment outcome was expressed in different outcome measures. Outcome measures were the survival rate of implants, changes in hard and soft tissues around the implant, an objective assessment of the aesthetic result and the assessment by the patient himself. The most important conclusion is that immediate dental implant placement after pulling a tooth when aesthetics play a role, results in excellent short-term results (1-year results) with regard to the survival rate of the implants, the condition of soft and hard tissues around the implants, aesthetic measurements and patient-satisfaction. If this technique also leads to good long-term results has yet to be investigated.


Range monitoring is the continuous query on location data of mobile, real-world objects in real-time. Such real world objects are typically wireless, low capability clients. Therefore, tracking techniques must limit client computation and memory overhead, allow for client/server heterogeneity, and most importantly, minimize wireless transmissions. This paper presents a technique for range monitoring based on multi-level spatial hashing. The technique addresses: (1) real-time queries on mobile object locations, (2) real-time query on the proximity of mobile objects in relation to each other, (3) user defined special query areas, and (4) allows for variable levels of mobile client capability (heterogeneity). The spatial hashing-based method presented here provides a level of scalability similar to the best existing methods for client processing requirements, transmission si/.e, and transmission frequency. Additionally, it provides the flexibility of multiple tracking modes, proximity queries, and support for multiple server base stations which other methods may not. The results of a simulation that computes total transmission overhead and data server requirements based on mobile object characteristics are presented.


emetics. Tile eineties bm'ing up a quantity of slimy stuff. Pain continues ill the stoma(ch for from 24 to 36 hours, but is muoch relieved by the treatniellt described, combinied with morphine suppositomies. It then -settles in the right iliac superficial region, whicli is painful and very tender on pressure, and finally time pain and tenderness spread round the intestines, becomne less severe, and pass away, with two or three yellow iucous stools. The whole attack lasts four days and necessi-tates perfect i'est. It is brouglit on sometimes by delaying food beyond the usual timne, as in travelling, or by insufficient food when a " square meal" is doie. I should have mentioned that I suffer constantly from wind, belching botlh during and out of these attacks. My father was a very gouty man. I hlave never had gout, being now 47 years of age. Can it be gotut ? I lhave been many years in India, and hlave had dysentery, followed, I think, by adhesions between the colon and stomach


Cases for the present investigation were selected from two important andexclusive hospitals for Anaemia patients In Ujjain, M.P. India. The percentage of anaemia is more in women compared to men . The commonest age group affected by anaemia was found from 21-30, preventive factor included-awareness about the public health problem by education, high socioeconomic status, Muslim religion etc. The best food for per anaemic patients are apple, orange juice, tomato, soya bean, honey, corn, wheat roti methisalad Brinjal etc.


A direct UV written single-mode planar Bragg grating element is demonstrated, with >300 GHz of applied strain tuning. The degree of tuning that the fabricated device has leads to a potential application in dynamic optical networks as an optical add-drop multiplexer. The filter bandwidth is 23±5 GHz and can be tuned over a 308-GHz range by applying transverse strain across the device's composite silica-on-silicon structure.


prolinemia, hydroxyprolin-prolin-glyREFERENCES cinuria and pyrrolidonecarboxylicacid 1. E ~ ~ ~ ~ , M. : ~ ~ ~ i l i ~ l hyperprolinemia. in excess in the urine. Both girls in the Report of a second case, assosiated with family, as well as the mother, had congenital renal malformations, heredislight glycinuria, and only the father tary hematuria and mild mental retardation with demonstration of an enzyme de-


This paper deals with a robust control intended for permanent magnet synchronous motor. Two approac hes are used: the first one a nonlinear input output st ate feedback linearizing control and second one is a pr oposed nonlinear feedback control based on Lyapunov method . This second solution shows good robustness with res pect to parameter variations, measurement errors and noises . Finally, simulation and experimental results are gi ven to demonstrate the effectiveness and the good performa nce of the proposed control.


We study the existence of positive ground state solutions for the following class of $(p,q)$-Laplacian coupled systems $$\begin{eqnarray}\left\{\begin{array}{@{}lr@{}}-\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}_{p}u+a(x)|u|^{p-2}u=f(u)+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}(x)|u|^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}-2}u|v|^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}}, & x\in \mathbb{R}^{N},\\ -\unicode[STIX]{x1D6E5}_{q}v+b(x)|v|^{q-2}v=g(v)+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}(x)|v|^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}-2}v|u|^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}, & x\in \mathbb{R}^{N},\end{array}\right.\end{eqnarray}$$ where $1<p\leq q<N$. Here the coefficient $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}(x)$ of the coupling term is related to the potentials by the condition $|\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}(x)|\leq \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}a(x)^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}/p}b(x)^{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}/q}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}\in (0,1)$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}/p+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}/q=1$. Using a variational approach based on minimization over the Nehari manifold, we establish the existence of positive ground state solutions for a large class of nonlinear terms and potentials.


In this brief, we propose a discrete-time framework for the modeling and studying of all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) networks with applications in clock-generating systems. The framework is based on a set of nonlinear stochastic iterating maps and allows us to study a distributed ADPLL network of arbitrary topology. We determine the optimal set of control parameters for the reliable synchronous clocking regime, taking into account the intrinsic noise from both local and reference oscillators. The simulation results demonstrate very good agreement with experimental measurements of a 65-nm CMOS ADPLL network. This brief shows that an ADPLL network can be synchronized both in frequency and phase. We show that for a large Cartesian network the average network jitter increases insignificantly with the size of the system.


The main purpose of navigation is a safe and efficient leading of the ship between various points. This process should be safely and efficiently. The process of safe movement of the ship in the area is called safe navigation. These areas are called as limited waters. The manoeuvring of ships on each water area is connected with the risk of accident, which is unwanted event in results of this can appear the losses. Among water areas there are those where ship manoeuvring is restricted more than in other sea areas. These areas are called as limited waters. They are mainly characterised a relatively high number of navigation accidents. The assessing of navigation safety requires the application of proper criteria, measures and factors. The criteria make it possible to estimate the probability of navigational accident for certain conditions. The safety of ship's movement can be identified as admissible risk, as a combination of probability of accident and losses. The overall risk of ship movement in water area in then the sum of these single risks depehd on the under keel clearance, distance to navigational obstruction, air drought, collision with other floating craft and berthing energy.Such way permits to assess of safety of ship's manoeuvring by quantity. The paper present the method of risk assessment for ship's in limited waters by analysis of basic elements restricted its movement.


Investigation was made of the deposition rate, surface morphology and crystal preferred orientation of the dense TiC coating onto austenitic stainless steel in relation with CH_4/TiCl_4 mole ratio and temperature adopted in CVD processing. When the CH_4/TiCl_4 ratio is low or high, their preferred orientation may be (220) or (200), respectively, which is mainly dependent on the equilibrium concentration of active carbon in vapour phase.


An evaluation procedure was developed to rapidly screen chemicals for their potential to contaminate both subsurface and surface waters after disposal and subsequent release from landfills and lagoons. The procedure estimates movement and degradation of chemicals based on the physical and chemical properties of the compound and a defined range of environmental conditions that the compound potentially experiences in groundwater and in rivers, ponds, and reservoirs.

After high and low estimates are established, qualitative descriptors are assigned to describe the transport and persistence of the compound in subsurface and surface waters.

This procedure has been used to evaluate 193 compounds that were projected to be constituents of solid wastes from 75 manufacturing operations. The results of a sensitivity analysis indicate that where individual environmental process descriptions are defined, changes in rates of degradation of an order of magnitude are required to cause a significant number of changes in qualitative descriptors that define the transport and persistence of the compounds assessed.

The results of this application indicate that the procedure provides a means of qualitatively screening organic chemicals when specified process rate data are available. The evaluation of the small number of metals included in this assessment are speculative. Further research is required to adequately screen metals.


Medical communication and health communication are two close relatives in the field of communication, where medical communication is the mother and health communication is the offspring. Medical communication engages the delivery of scientific, medical, pharmaceutical and biotechnological information and data to health professionals like doctors, pharmacists, nurses, etc. The information includes updates on the latest discoveries provided by the international scientific community. Therefore, the source of this type of communication is represented by medical and scientific publications reporting data generated from basic science and clinical research. Health communications are targeted toward the general public, where the source is represented by health communicators and journalists. In health communications, information is the result of some kind of intra-language translation that allows transformation of the original medical language into a common language. Therefore, health communication derives from rewritings of a complex medical language that cannot always be modified and acquainted to serve the general public. The aim of the present work was to evaluate, in medical communications, the linguistic elements that represent the hard core for the general public. Thus, a qualitative evaluation was carried out on medical abstracts assessing medical terminology and compound phrases. The results of this investigation point out that these two linguistic traits of medical language are especially difficult for the general public due to their particular specialized nature.


Abstract In arid regions, fine roots turnover contributes directly to soil carbon and nutrient cycling. However, less information is available on how increasing agricultural activities influence those dynamics. Fine roots biomass, production, and turnover rate were measured by sequential soil cores based on the maximum–minimum method in the 0–60 cm soil layer in three agricultural ecosystems and three natural ecosystems. Most (87% in agricultural and 75% in natural ecosystems) fine roots were distributed in the upper 30 cm soil layer. Mean annual fine roots production and turnover were 457% and 464% greater in agricultural than in natural ecosystems. Soil organic carbon input by fine roots decomposition was 91 g m−2 yr−1 in agricultural and 11 g m−2 yr−1 in natural ecosystems. Both fine roots biomass and fine roots production were significantly higher for two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) ecosystems from May to October, 2010. Soil pH ranged from 8.2 to 9.4. Soil water content in agricultural ecosystems was higher, whereas soil electrical conductivity was lower than that in natural ecosystems. pH, soil bulk density, gravimetric soil water content, and soil electrical conductivity significantly affected fine roots biomass, production, turnover, and decomposition in all ecosystems investigated. The findings increase our understanding of the soil carbon cycle after natural ecosystems are modified into agricultural ecosystems.


Structure of vacuum and elementary matter, W. Greiner 30 years of clusters in nuclear physics, W. von Oertzen discrete ambiguities in the cluster-cluster interaction and supersymmetry, D. Baye and J.-M. Sparenberg 40 years of nuclear molecules, R.R. Betts the six-alpha chain state story from Strasbourg to Rab, B.R. Fulton the utility of a microscopic cluster description in light halo and hypernuclei, Y. Suzuki cluster formation dynamics in medium-energy nuclear collisions, A. Ono statistical exploration of fragmentation phase space in nuclear multifragmentation, L.G. Moretto et al clusters and nuclear flow, W. Reisdorf theory of nuclear reactions leading to superheavy elements, G. Munzenberg supershort mode in the fission of superheavy nuclei in subbarrier fusion reactions, M.G. Itkis et al nuclear clusters on the eve of the third millennium, H. Horiuchi. (Part contents)


Major processes controlling the existence of a large intercontinental glaciation system were identified on the basis of glaciological, meteorological, actinometric, geochemical and isotope analyses, as well as field observations and statistical analyses. Field experiments included meteorological conditions, components of radiation and heat balance, accumulation and ablation during different types of weather and at different levels (accumulation area, firn boundary and ablation zone). We delineated ice-formation zones and developed a method for estimating water exchange in the system, with the possibility for short and long-term forecasting of its componente.


Abstract Rolling mill scale is a solid byproduct of the steelmaking industry that contains metallic iron and three types of iron oxides: wüstite, haematite and magnetite. It also contains traces of non-ferrous metals, alkaline compounds and oils from the rolling process. A study was made of the reduction of mill scale to sponge iron using coke at different temperatures and times. The reduced samples were studied by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Oxygen analysis was carried out by combustion in a LECO oven. Sponge iron was successfully produced for reuse in electric furnaces as part of the metallic charge or as a raw material in the production of iron-based powder metallurgy parts.


In this section, the authors present their research on urban shrinkage and twentieth-century architectural heritage relationships. The twentieth-century architectural heritage is often unrecognized, underevaluated, neglected or destroyed in growing cities that tend to correct or mask their past. But what does this heritage mean in shrinking cities that have far fewer opportunities for heritage preservation, adaptation, reuse or even demolition? What is the real existing value of this heritage for them? What role does it play in their identity and future? Is it possible to preserve the 'architecture of growth' within a shrinking city? This collective work aims to highlight different aspects in the relationship between urban shrinkage and heritage, and to encourage further research into the mutual influence of urban shrinkage and built legacy.


The Soudan 2 nucleon decay experiment consists of a 1.1 Kton fine grained iron tracking calorimeter. It has a very isotropic detection structure which along with its flexible trigger will allow detection of multiparticle and neutrino proton decay modes. The detector has now entered its construction stage.


Abstract: In October 2012, in the Stavropol region of the Russian Federation was a scandal associated with the wearing of Muslim religious headscarves (hijab) in several rural school pupils. The school director forbade girls to wear the hijab while studying. Due to the fact that the girls wearing the hijab is not admitted to the classes, the main question was whether the ban on wearing headscarves in schools violates the right to education, and whether it was possible to consider the ban as gender discrimination in the implementation of the right to education. Keywords : human rights, right to education, right to conscience, traditional values, hijab, religion. Two years ago Russia has faced a problem that Western Eu-rope has solved 10 years ago. It concerns banning Muslim girls wearing Muslim religious headscarves (hijab) in schools. In Oc -tober 2012, in the Stavropol region of the Russian Federation was a big conflict related to the wearing of the Muslim headscarf (hijab) by several rural school pupils (girls). The school direc-tor forbade girls to wear the hijab in the classroom. As a result, girls wearing the hijab were not allowed to attend classes.Due to the fact that girls in hijabs are not admitted to the classes, the main question is to whether the ban on heads-carves in schools violated the right to education, and wheth-er it was possible to consider the ban as gender discrimina-tion in the implementation of the right to education.First of all, it is necessary to determine the legal basis of non-discrimination based on gender in the field of education at the international level and in the Russian Federation.At the international level, there are a number of docu-ments, recognizing the right to education [9, 31–40] and the prohibition of discrimination in education.Thus, the prohibition of discrimination in education is set in the UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education 1960 [1], which enshrines the general provisions on the measures that States Parties undertake to adopt in order to combat discrimination in education. In accordance with Article 1 of the Convention the term "discrimination" includes any distinction, exclusion, limitation or preference which, being based on sex, has the purpose or effect of nul-lifying or impairing equality of treatment in education and in particular of depriving any person or group of persons of ac-cess to education of any type or at any level (1 a).Furthermore, under Article 10 of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women 1979 [2], all States Parties "shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in order to ensure to them equal rights with men in the field of educa -tion and in particular to ensure".As Party of this Convention the Russian Federation has to fulfill this obligation.At the national level, according to the Constitution of the Russian Federation 1993 (art. 43):"1. Everyone shall have the right to education.2. Guarantees shall be provided for general access to and free pre-school, secondary and high vocational education in state or municipal educational establishments and at enter-prises" [3].Therefore, in Russia for everyone without discrimination must be guaranteed and secured the right to education, in-cluding free access at all levels except for higher education.A free higher education in state educational organisations must be guaranteed for everyone without discrimination on a competitive basis (art. 43 (3) of the Constitution).This is also confirmed by the provision of Article 2 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, which states that "the recognition, observance and protection of the rights and free-doms of man and citizen shall be the obligation of the State".The basic general education is compulsory. Parents shall enable their children to receive a basic general education (art. 43(4) of the Constitution). This provision means that parents have a duty to provide education for all children (boys and girls).The relevant provisions are also contained in the Fed-eral Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" [4]. Ar-ticle 3 establishes the right to education for everyone and the principle of non-discrimination in education (1(2)). Thus,


Abstract I.R. and 19F N.m.r. spectroscopy, molar conductance, magnetic moments and chemical analyses show that alkali oxytetrafluorovanadates(V), AI[VOF 4], are the principal products of the reactions of V2O5 with 40% HF and alkali bifluorides AIHF2 in presence of a small amount of alcohol at steam bath temperature. While the i.r. spectra suggest square pyramidal C4v structures for solid AI[VOF4], the 19F N.m.r. spectrum shows stereochemical non-rigidity owing to rapid fluorine rearrangement between C4v and the trigonal bipyramidal C2v stereochemistry of [VOF4]− in solution.


The Soderberg aluminum reduction technology is associated with high pollutant emissions including gaseous and poorly soluble fluorides. Currently, conventional VSS cells equipped with a standard gas skirt and a burner do not meet the modern hooding efficiency requirements. The existing technology must be upgraded in order to comply with environmental regulations. The environmentally friendly Soderberg technology implemented with an upgraded gas skirt and a fundamentally new 4-dome gas removal system ensures daily average hooding efficiency of 97,4 %.


The first part of this article, based on lectures given at the Cracow School of Theoretical Physics held in Zakopane in June 2019, is devoted to a brief exposition of the physics associated with the development of extensive air showers. The latter parts deal with methods of detection of extensive air showers in a general way, and include a description of the latest measurements of the energy spectrum, the arrival direction distribution and the mass composition of cosmic rays of energy above 10 eV made, primarily, with the Pierre Auger Observatory. There is a brief discussion of future projects.


PurposeThe paper makes an endeavour to explore the efficacy of service learning (SL) pedagogy in inculcating the value of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) with a focus on management education in India.Design/methodology/approachThe research methodology comprises a systematic survey of select relevant literature on SL and applying a novel approach to bring out certain key traits of SL initiatives. The paper also tries to decipher how the identified key traits could be regarded as contributing to the ethos of DEI among the learners. Based on insights from the systematic literature review and identified research gaps, an in-depth study of three SL initiatives in India, have been undertaken to demonstrate how implementation of the SL pedagogy in management education creates an impact on the attributes of DEI and inculcates an inclusive mindset.FindingsAlthough the design, process and learning outcomes of SL pedagogy varies depending on the context, there is commonality in the core attributes that emerges from the literature review which has a potential impact on inculcation of the values of inclusion and appreciation of diversity. The select case studies successfully expand on the list of these identified relevant attributes. The findings have also been corroborated by participants' reflection.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is, however, limited in its scope of assessing the impact in creating an inclusive mindset. To gauge whether such impact is pervasive and persists in the long run, one needs to examine if these values are carried forward by the participants in their professional and daily life. It would, therefore, be more meaningful to carry out a primary survey of the participants, who took part in such SL initiatives, to understand whether the values have really been assimilated in the real life. This is outside the scope of this paper but does open the scope for further research.Practical implicationsThe paper would be highly relevant for the accreditation agencies who are increasingly prescribing the role that business schools can and should play towards inculcating the ethos of diversity and inclusion among future business leaders and managers. For the administrators of business schools and other higher education institutions who may be considering how to incorporate the ethos of diversity and inclusion in the curriculum and pedagogy, the paper will provide some direction through the SL route. The detailed exposition of the three SL initiatives will enlighten the administrators or the faculty responsible for designing and delivering any SL programme in other business schools or higher educational institutions as to how to go about developing and delivering such an initiative. To the extent such SL initiatives succeed in leaving a lasting impact on the participants regarding ethos of inclusion and diversity, the business implications in the long run could be immense.Social implicationsThe purpose of the paper by itself establishes its social relevance. The very fact that the paper is focused on SL initiatives that involve social problem-solving approaches through hands-on working on social projects and working with communities the social implications are rather obvious.Originality/valueGiven the paucity of information and analysis on potential fit of SL for fostering DEI especially in developing countries, the present paper contributes to the existing body of literature and aptly fills the void. It builds a theoretical construct relating SL with the traits of DEI and then bridges theory and practice by demonstrating the efficacy of three SL programmes in Indian context to internalise the elements of DEI.


This study adopts Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) to analyze the thermal properties of samples (2.5–4.0 mg) from the tip, middle, and base sections of individual paracetamol suppositories, which were sampled carefully using a stainless steel scalpel. The contents of paracetamol present in the samples obtained from these sections were determined from the enthalpies of fusion of paracetamol and expressed as % w/w paracetamol to allow comparison of the amount of paracetamol found in each section. The tip, middle, and base sections contained 10.1 ± 0.2%, 10.1 ± 0.2%, and 10.3 ± 0.2% w/w paracetamol, and are statistically similar (One‐way anova; p > 0.05). This indicates that the preparation technique adopted produces high quality suppositories in terms of content uniformity. The contents of paracetamol in the 120‐mg paracetamol suppositories determined by DSC and UV spectrophotometry were statistically equivalent (Students's t‐test; p > 0.05), 120.8 ± 2.6 mg and 120.8 ± 1.5 mg, respectively, making DSC a clear alternative method for the measurement of content of drug in suppositories. The main advantages of the method are that samples of only 2.5–4.0 mg are required and the procedure does not require an extraction process, which allows for the analysis to be completed rapidly. In addition, it is highly sensitive and reproducible, with the lower detection limit at 4.0% w/w paracetamol, which is about 2.5 times lower than the content of paracetamol (10% w/w) present in our 120‐mg paracetamol suppositories and commercial paracetamol suppositories, which contained about 125 mg paracetamol. Therefore, this method is particularly suited for determination of content uniformity in individual suppositories in quality control (QC) and in process quality control (PQC).


A controversial treatise on the economics of global sustainability, which explains how to integrate ecological and economic concerns. The text has been revised and updated since the first edition was published in 1977, in order to include new essays and to take account of recent developments.


A cardinal tenet of clinical neurotoxicology is that most neurotoxic agents produce a consistent disease pattern, commensurate with the dose and


Development and manufacturing of a reliable, economically viable and environmentally sustainable and effectively acceptable insulating oil to be used as an insulating and heat absorbing media in power transformers is an ever-growing effort of the electrical entities. Many insulating oils such as mineral oil, coconut oil are tried and tested and many additives were added for the improvement of their electrical characteristics that make them suitable as an insulating medium. Presently undertaken research work is based on natural ester fluid, the green insulating oil which exhibits excellent dielectric performance and environment friendly characteristics. Mineral oil is an important and economically viable dielectric liquid used in transformers and switchgear. The requirement and need of environmentally less affective and hazardous free transformer oil have reached an alarming level as several incidents relating to transformer explosions have been reported worldwide, one major cause being the insulation failure. The requirement of an insulating liquid with fire safety and biodegradable nature has become a key requirement of the transformer manufacturers. One such kind of oil is Refined Coconut Oil having similar properties and characteristics as mineral oil. Refined coconut oil is commonly available as an environmentally friendly ester oil. In the present work, nano fluids such as Nano Magnesium Oxide (MgO) and nano boron Nitride (BN) have been added in different concentrations to identify their positive effects on improvement in the characteristics of mineral oil. It is also conclusively proved that nano added fluids are potential replacements for mineral oil since the qualities of the base oil were improved by the inclusion of nanoparticles. Different characteristics like breakdown voltage, capacitance, dielectric permittivity and resistivity which decide the suitability of an oil as an insulating medium have been identified with different concentrations of nano BN and nano MgO.From the studies conducted, it is concluded that:DBPC is needed in preventing sludge formation. Passivators play an important role in improving the life of transformer oil by preventing harmful effects of Sulphur content present in DBPC. Also, for samples with Passivators the dielectric strength, DC resistivity, Dielectric constant and capacitance of oil is increased rather than just coconut oil.


Under the background of the contradiction between the people's living environment quality and the growing standard of living, using a way of combination of subjective evaluation and objective evaluation, the author invested and analysed residential winter indoor environmental conditions of Tianjin. A total of 200 sets of questionnaires are sent to the resident buildings occupants in 6 Districts in Tianjin. Then the test to the environmental parameters in 20 representative residential units according to the occupancy time carries out. The overall objective assessment to the residence indoor en- vironment is set up with fuzzy mathematics methods. Through the survey, it is be found that the occupants are satisfied basically with the thermal and moisture environment, indoor air quality, acoustic environment etc.. But the concentration of toluene and benzene is extremely high in those houses less than 1 year after the decoration. The results showed that the indoor air quality neared to serious pollution level, while the occupancy times of 1 ~ 3 years, 3 ~ 5 years and more than 5 years are all belong to slightly pollution. Those conditions are far more beyond satisfaction.


Radical homo- and copolymerizations of methyl α-trifluoroacetoxyacrylate (MTFAA) are studied by using azo initiators at 40 and 60°C. The rate of the homopolymerization of MTFAA was lower than that of methyl α-acetoxyacrylate. Monomer reactivity ratios (r), and Q and e values were estimated to be r1 = 0.03, r2 = 0.27, Q1 = 0.65, and e1 = 1.38 from the copolymerization of MTFAA (M1) and styrene (M2) at 60°C. Preferential crosspropagation was observed in particular in the copolymerization of MTFAA and α-methylstyrene. The influence of replacing the hydrogens of the acetoxy moiety of the acyloxyacrylate with the fluorines upon the copolymerization reactivity is discussed on the basis of the 13C-NMR chemical shift of various acyloxyacrylates. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3537–3541, 1997


Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer in humans that often expresses MHC class II (MHC II) molecules, which could make these tumors eliminable by the immune system. However, this MHC II expression has been associated with poor prognosis, and there is a lack of immune-mediated eradication. The lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) is a natural ligand for MHC II that is sub-stantially expressed on melanoma-infiltrating T cells including those endowed with potent immune-suppressive activity. Based on our previous data showing the signaling capacity of MHC II in melanoma cells, we hypothesized that LAG-3 could contribute to melanoma survival through its MHC II signaling capacity in melanoma cells. In this study, we demonstrate that both soluble LAG-3 and LAG-3–transfected cells can protect MHC II-positive melanoma cells, but not MHC II-negative cells, from FAS-mediated and drug-induced apoptosis. Interaction of LAG-3 with MHC II expressed on melanoma cells upregulates both MAPK/Erk and PI3K/ Akt pathways, albeit with different kinetics. Inhibition studies using specific inhibitors of both pathways provided evidence of their involvement in the LAG-3–induced protection from apoptosis. Altogether, our data suggest that the LAG-3–MHC II interaction could be viewed as a bidirectional immune escape pathway in melanoma, with direct consequences shared by both melanoma and immune cells. In the future, compounds that efficiently hinder LAG-3–MHC II interaction might be used as an adjuvant drug-induced apoptosis. LAG-3 also activates MAPK/Erk and PI3K/Akt pathways in MHC II-positive melanoma cells, and this could be involved in its capacity to protect cells against apoptosis. This study suggests that LAG-3–MHC II interaction in MHC II-positive melanoma tumors might serve as a bidirectional immune escape pathway shared by tumor cells and immune cells and revisits the interest in MHC II phenotyping for more efficient therapeutic strategies. II-pos-itive Fas-sensitive WM983A, melanoma etoposide-sensitive WM983B, melanoma cells were in the presence or absence of sLAG-3 10 m g/ml for either anti-Fas mAb 7C11 m g/ml 48 or with etoposide 20 m g/ml for 48 h analysis. The percentage of Fas- or etoposide-induced apoptotic cells detected in the absence of sLAG-3 was reported to 100 to allow comparison between melanoma cell lines. Results are presented as mean percentages ( 6 SD, gray of Fas-mediated or etoposide-induced apoptosis obtained in the presence of sLAG-3 relative to respective Fas-mediated or etoposide-induced apoptosis detected in the absence of sLAG-3 (white from three independent experiments.


Anatomic factors include decreased bone quantity, especially in older edentulous or partially edentulous patients who have experienced alveolar resorption in the wake of tooth loss. The antrum also tends to enlarge with age, as well as with edentulism, and this further decreases the amount of available bone. In addition to the diminished quantity, bone in the posterior maxilla often is softer and of poorer quality. Radiographs typically reveal a dearth of trabeculations, and the tactile experience of drilling here often more closely resembles the penetration of styrofoam rather than anthracite. Limited access to the pterygomaxillary region constitutes yet another problem.


In The Politics of Life Itself, Nikolas Rose argues that contemporary genetic medicine has given rise to the "genetically at-risk subject," which is distinguished from other forms of genetic selfhood by the shift from a paradigm of genetic determinism to one of genetic opportunity. This article analyzes the discourse of the genetically at-risk subject in one particular biosocial community (the "previvors" of FORCE) to demonstrate that despite—and in many cases because of—the shift to a paradigm of genetic opportunity, discourses of genetic determinism have not disappeared but instead have mutated in response to new exigences for new audiences. Based on both this analysis and other rhetorical readings of genetic discourse, this article argues that to distinguish among the many types of subjectivity at work within the contemporary era of genetic medicine, we have to understand not only how scientific and biopolitical changes have made those subjectivities possible, but also how the ethical practices associated with specific diseases work rhetorically in communities of those at genetic risk.


A synthetic route to a potent and selective α-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist has been developed and demonstrated in a pilot plant. The route has been used in two pilot plant campaigns and has produced RO3203546 in 2.3 and 12.0 kg batch sizes. The first pilot plant campaign focused primarily on the end-game of the process with particular emphasis on the development of a method to isolate the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The second pilot plant campaign allowed front-end process improvements to be demonstrated. The reiterative process improvements resulted in an economical process with improved throughput and product quality when compared to the original discovery synthesis.


The world economy and, in particular, Europe, seems to enter the new phase of serious macroeconomic and financial turbulences which, most likely, will result in an output slowdown. It remains to be seen whether this slowdown1 will evolve towards a second 'dip' similar to that of the second half of 2008 and first half of 2009. Very much depends on the right diagnosis of the current troubles and right therapy.


Studies of N-banded mitotic and meiotic karyotypes of Tritcum turgidum L. (2n = 28; AABB) and Trticum timopheevU Zhuk. (2n = 28; AAGG) and hybrids between them, along with observations of melotic pairing between telocentrics of the AB-genome chromosomes and their respective homologues and homeologues in T. timopheevu, showed that chromosome 4 (m4) of Triticum monococcum L. is present (as 4A) in T. timopheevu but is lacking in T. turgidum. Neither 4A nor 4B pairs with 4At, but 4A pairs with 4G and, for this reason and because of its banding pattern, must be considered a B-genome chromosome. T. timopheevii chromosomes 4At and 3At are involved in a reciprocal translocation, and 2At, 1G, 2G, and 5G are also involved in translocations. Chromosome arm 4BL occasionally pairs with 7G. The satel-lites are on the short arms of chromosomes 6At and 6G of T. and 1B and 6B of T. turgidum. It is suggested that (i) T. an allotetraploid of Aegilops monococcum and (ii) T. turgidum introgressive hybridization


The paper contributes to the discussion about the measurability of the economic characteristics of nonprofit organisations and other entitites established for purposes other than the pursuit of profit. The text analyses the most widely used definitions of the nonprofit sector, examining reflections of these specifications in economic statistics and characteristics, particularly in the approach adopted by the Government Council for Nongovernmental Nonprofit Organisations (GCNGO-NPO), its concept of "nongovernmental nonprofit organisations". The paper indicates significant weaknesses of the GCNGO-NPO s concept and provides arguments against its wider use. Alternatives are presented for a more accurate approach to the definition of the nonpfrofit sector.


I must admit that when I first read this book, I didn't like it. As the footnotes quickly indicate, the bulk of the research derives from secondary sources, either from the Israeli and Western press or from FBIS/WNC translations from the Arabic press. Virtually no interview material is used—strange, indeed, when one considers that the author lives within an hour of almost all the major political actors discussed in the study. And although some reference is made to public-opinion polls, it is disappointing that greater use has not been made of the voluminous survey data collected by the Center for Palestine Research and Studies and the Jerusalem Media and Communications Center—the richest such troves in the Arab world.


Patchouli alcohol (PA) is a chemical compound found in essential oil of patchouli which belongs to the genus Pogostemon, herb of mint family. Although it has been reported that PA suppresses the production of inflammatory mediators, the biological mechanisms of PA for anti‐inflammatory activities have not been studied. Thus, in this study, we investigated whether PA decreases the production of inflammatory mediators through downregulation of the NF‐¥êB and ERK pathway. Our data indicated that PA inhibits the expression of iNOS and IL‐6 in protein and mRNA levels in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 and TNF‐¥á stimulated HT‐29 cells. PA reduced I¥êB‐¥á degradation and p65 nuclear translocation, and subsequently suppressed transcriptional activity of NF‐¥êB in LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 and TNF‐¥á‐stimulated HT‐29 cells. In addition, PA ameliorated LPS‐ or TNF‐¥á‐stimulated ERK1/2 activation. These findings suggest that PA possesses anti‐inflammatory activities through suppressing ERK‐mediated NF‐¥êB pathway in mouse macrophage and human colorectal cancer cells.


Pyramid wavefront sensor (PWFS)has the advantages of high spatial resolution and light utility efficiency.To correctly extract slope information of the wavefront from the pupil images of PWFS,the dimension and position of the pupils should be calibrated in advance.The effects of the dimension and position calibration errors of the pupils on close-loop performance of adaptive optics system are investigated.The pupil calibration method of non-modulation pyramid wavefront sensor is proposed,and this method is verified by many times of simulated experiments under the conditions that system aberration and detection noise are considered.The simulation results show that the proposed method can calibrate the pupils accurately in the face of system aberration (its root mean square value is below 1.7lambda).The method can be applied to the practical adaptive optics systems.


In order to evaluate port capacity of energy saving and emission reduction objectively and systematically for advancing the development of green and ecological ports,according to the grey characteristics of the evaluation system of port capacity of energy saving and emission reduction,and the dominance of the order and the diversity of the various indicators,the method of determining the weight with fixed weight grey clustering model combined with the dominance of the indicators is used to empirically evaluate and compare the capabilities of five Chinese ports,such as Shanghai port,Qingdao port and so on.The evaluation results are clustered according to the management level of the five ports,and measures for improving port capacity of energy saving and emission reduction are presented on the basis of the experience of the port with higher management level.


Pb1-xCdxI2 crystals (x = 0.1; 0.9) have been obtained by crystallization from a vapour phase in a closed system at over-stoichiometric iodine vapour pressure. An alloy of CdI2 and PbI2 was used as a source of evaporation. As a result of X-ray diffraction studies, it has been found that the obtained crystals belong to 4H-polytype, the space symmetry group is P63mc. The lattice parameters and the unit cell volume of crystals have been determined: for Pb0.9Cd0.1I2 a = 4,529 Å, c = 13,96 Å, V = 247,9 Å3; for Pb0.1Cd0.9I2 a = 4.258 Å, c = 13.70 Å, V = 215.0 Å3. The morphology of Pb1-xCdxI2 solid solutions crystals has been studied by scanning electron microscopy. Grown light orange Pb0.9Cd0.1I2 crystals have the shape of plates and ribbons, the surface of which is sculpted by growth figures. The transparent mixed Pb0.1Cd0.9I2 crystals have been grown from the vapour phase only in the form of plates. The spectral dependences of the optical absorption of Pb1-xCdxI2 crystals at room temperature have been studied. The optical widths of the band gaps of the grown crystals have been determined from the absorption spectra using the Tauc relation.


Semen samples of 90 asthenospermic patients were examined, then they were divided into three main equal groups. In the first group, Oxytocin (OT) addition in three concentrations (2, 4, and 6 IU/ml) with sperm preparation medium (SPM) to the semen samples was investigated. Changes in sperm function tests and seminal biochemistry was used as indicator of effect. Results indicated that a significant increase in sperm grade activity in 2 IU/ml OT with a tendency for a decrease in this motility parameter in higher OT concentration. Concentration 2 IU/ml of OT was applied with SPM and without in the second and third groups, respectively. In presence of SPM, a significant increase in the sperm motility characteristics (the percentage of sperm motility and sperm grade activity) was observed. While when SPM was absent, non-significant change in these parameters was seen. These findings indicate that OT at the concentration of 2 IU/ml has got a stimulatory effect on sperm motility characteristics. Using of SPM potentiated this effect of OT. Total protein (TP), cholesterol, calcium, creatine kinase (CK), and fructose were measured in the seminal plasma and in the supernatant of sperm suspension of OT-treated and control samples. According to the results, a high significant increase in cholesterol was found in the external medium, this may be attributed to loss of cholesterol from the plasma membrane of the sperm. Also, OT may modify cellular calcium transport across the plasma membrane, resulting in high intracellular calcium concentration and a high significant decrease in level of calcium in the external medium. In addition to a high significant decrease in fructose level of the external medium.


Abstract Adsorption isotherms of n -octane, benzene, toluene, and chloroform were determined by a gas chromatographic method on the surface of silica gel heated at 200, 400, and 800°C. From the isotherms, the film pressure of the adsorbates was determined, and then the components of silica surface free energy were calculated. It was determined that the thermal treatment provided almost no changes in nonspecific interactions and a considerable decrease in acid–base ones; however, electron–acceptor interactions were always stronger than electron–donor ones. Based on these data, the surface concentration of adsorption sites was estimated. The adsorption energy distribution function (χ) was also determined for silica gels according to the asymptotically corrected condensation approximation method. The influence of the thermal treatment on distribution of adsorption sites was demonstrated for adsorbates possessing various types of interactions.


Storytelling is an ancient method of instruction. Storytellers provide exemplars which give a people a history, a set of norms, and a cultural heritage. The value of these stories lies not solely in plot or character development, but in the social message represented by the storyteller's skill in weaving plot, characters, and moral lesson. Educators are a people in search of their own heritage, there own pro fessional identity. In the midst of the socio-economic thrust for educa tional reform, Lee Shulman (1986) suggested that the teaching profes sion might find a way of codifying teaching knowledge around cases. Although directed at pedagogical and content concerns for classroom teaching, Shulman's suggestion generated a re-discovery of the case method approach for the field of Educational Administration. Kowalski specifically cites Shulman as a justification for his contribution, Case Studies on Educational Administration. This book is one of several recently published books which have revived interest in the case method as an instructional approach for developing educational leaders. Although there is an innate appeal to stories from the real world, their utility in instruction for the field of educational adminis tration continues to be questioned. The largest question to be answered by Kowalski and other proponents of the case method is what legacy do cases offer to the field of Educational Administration?


In this paper, the optimal control for regulating linear singularly perturbed systems with perturbed quadratic-cost is presented by discussing the singular quadratic-cost control problem for the reduced-order slow subsystem. Under some assumptions, the optimal performance cost of the singularly perturbed system will tend to that of the reduced-order slow subsystem.