A new method was developed to analyze the structural identifiability of parameters of activated sludge models. The structural identifiability of parameters of the Monod model,which describes heterotrophic organism growth,and a biological phosphorus removal sub-model were studied using differential algebra. The algorithm proposed in this paper is clear and systematic,and therefore was able to be edited by a computer. Especially,this method was applicable to the case of the biological phosphorus removal sub-model,which is difficult for other methods to describe. The results could be used to guide the optimal experiment design for parameter estimation of the phosphorous removal process.


This problematic field we otreflektiruem number of nodal network aspects of the phenomenon of a claim to new ideological and epistemological perspectives that will allow us to firstly understand the grounds for the vision of modern society and culture " network, and, secondly, also understand why network metaphor was chosen for representation of the new emerging world and enhance its legitimacy. Explain the situation that it is legitimate to speak of a new network type of society as "normal" (Toffler), but other models of the world, organized by social network and information about becoming a display network culture. If we explicate the concept of "network" in modern philosophy and theories of post – industri-al/information society and rationalize it, we will see that, on the one hand, "network" is a modern world order with a new "network" logic, where there are processes of devaluation of traditional discourses, forms of communication and mental activity in favor of virtual and globally" network " models. Ключевые слова: сеть, сетевая парадигма, сетевое общество, сетевые коммуникации, сетевое мышление, сетевая логика, сетевой миропорядок.


Abstract : This report presents the results of a research program on rotating stall in axial flow compressors and jet engines. The program had three major objectives which were: (1) develop an analysis for a three-dimensional, time- variant rotating stall and separation theory, (2) develop analysis for post- stall operation/recovery and aerodynamically induced exotic metal combustion, and (3) consider the effects of distortion, water ingestion, and nuclear blasts on axial flow compressors. The work done towards accomplishing objective (1) is reported in Volume I. The work done towards the accomplishment of the remaining two objectives is reported in Volume II. Volume I contains the description of an implicit time marching Euler code, a small disturbance stability theory for the compressible flow through a compressor stage, and a three-dimensional unsteady lifting surface theory for annular blade rows.


Objective To analyze incidence trends and clinical characteristics of sexual transmitted diseases in elderly.Methods Clinical data of 343 STD cases of elderly patients were analyzed.Results The incidence of STD patients increased year by year.The age distribution showed a trend of high incidence of diseases from simple to complex.Conclusion Sexual transmitted diseases are a growing trend of aging,the increasing complexity of clinical manifestations.


Targeting co‐stimulatory molecules to modulate the immune response has been shown to have useful therapeutic effects for autoimmune diseases. Among the co‐stimulatory molecules, CD2 and CD58 are very important in the early stages of generation of an immune response. Our goal was to utilize CD2‐derived peptides to modulate protein–protein interactions between CD2 and CD58, thereby modulating the immune response. Several peptides were designed based on the structure of the CD58‐binding domain of CD2 protein. Among the CD2‐derived peptides, peptide 6 from the F and C β‐strand region of CD2 protein exhibited inhibition of cell–cell adhesion in the nanomolar concentration range. Peptide 6 was evaluated for its ability to bind to CD58 in Caco‐2 cells and to CD48 in T cells from rodents. A molecular model was proposed for binding a peptide to CD58 and CD48 using docking studies. Furthermore, in vivo studies were carried out to evaluate the therapeutic ability of the peptide to modulate the immune response in the collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. In vivo studies indicated that peptide 6 was able to suppress the progression of CIA. Evaluation of the antigenicity of peptides in CIA and transgenic animal models indicated that this peptide is not immunogenic.


The decade just passed has witnessed an unusual activity in the production of books about Martin Luther. This activity has been greatly stimulated by the re-introduction of a method of controversy which reasonable men had been hoping was forever silenced. Until about a generation ago there had been two obvious and hopelessly opposed ways of approach to the subject of Luther's character and work. From the one side he was presented as an angel of light; from the other as the type of a depraved and malicious spirit, moved to activity not through any desire to improve the condition of his people but because, being the malignant thing he was, he could not act otherwise. It need hardly be said to the readers of this Review that both of these views of Luther are essentially false. They are perfectly intelligible, one equally with the other. They are the natural precipitation of the bitter controversies that gathered about him in his life, and continued long after his death to complicate the political and economic struggles out of which the new Europe of our day was born. In the light of our modern historical method, both views appear crude and unscientific. They represent a way of looking at historical characters and historical events to which we are apt to apply the crushing word "old-fashioned." And in fact it did seem, up to a very few years ago, that these primitive judgments, which classified men into good and bad, angels and fiends, had become a thing of the past.


This paper presents the design and analysis of a compliant mechanism using hyperbolic flexural hinges. The flexural joint study is carried for the general Stewart platform with 6-6 configuration which has six degrees of freedom. The paper is aimed at designing a flexural joint using finite element method. First the maximum joint forces required for a particular movement of the Stewart platform is obtained from using MSC ADAMS software. The solid model developed in MSC ADAMS is validated with respect to the analytical Newton-Euler formulation for a set of motion. The results are in good match with each other for the extensions of legs. Then the forces are used to determine maximum stresses induced in the joints for different neck dimensions and lengths utilizing FEA software ABAQUS.


Abstract Introduction Langerhans/dendridic cell sarcomas (L/DCS) are rare neoplasms that have rarely been reported to originate from malignant lymphomas. Tumor course can vary from spontaneous regression to aggressive disease. Biphasic progression of hairy cell leukemia to L/DCS has not been previously reported. We describe a case of L/DCS resulting from HCL. Case Report A 66-year-old female, diagnosed in 2000 with HCL (World Health Organization criteria), confirmed by bone marrow biopsy (BMB) and flow cytometry. Flow cytometric evaluation demonstrated a monotypic B-cell population that expressed the classic hairy cell markers CD11c, CD22, CD25, and CD103). The patient was treated with cladribine. After first relapse in 2003, the patient was again treated with cladribine followed by rituximab × 6. After second relapse in 2006, the patient was treated with rituximab × 6. In 2008, splenectomy was performed for massive splenomegaly and showed features of HCL, although the phenotype was not entirely classic at this point. BMB showed a monotypic B-cell population. The patient presented with a left pyriform sinus mass 5 months later that underwent biopsy. Based on histologic and immunophenotypic findings, the tumor was classified as a Langerhans cell sarcoma (expression S100 and CD1a; negative for specific B- and T- cell markers and CD30). Identical clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from the 2003 BMB and pyriform sinus biopsy, which suggests that both the HCL and LCS developed from the same precursor cells. Furthermore, there were similar genetic changes between the 2 tumors, which further supported a clonal relationship between the 2 tumors. The patient was treated with gemcitabine × 3 plus docetaxel. Within 3 months the clinical course was complicated by pancytopenia. In addition, computed tomography showed progression of disease with enlarging mediastinal lymphadenopathy, new pulmonary lesions and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Conclusion This case shows the importance of the biopsy when lesions arise in uncommon areas in patients with HCL. It has been postulated that therapeutic agents might play a role in the development of these tumors. This patient received multiple treatments for HCL. Whether L/DCS in this clinical setting is related to therapy or due to other mechanisms requires further study. While clinical data is limited, our case shows the development of progressive L/DCS in a patient with HCL.


The college students' mentality health is a key factor in constitution education, and yet there exist a common mental problem among the college students now. It offers a subject for urgent research and solution for the college teachers. The present paper makes a discussion from the perspective of function and theorization of physical education, and puts forward several suggestions of carrying out physical and mental health and development in step in college education reform.


Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) and Dynamic Cone Penetration (DCP) test were conducted to assess any anomalies in an earth dam. ERTs were recorded using AGI Supersting R1/IP equipment - a total of 28 electrodes, spaced at one meter, were used in the resistivity setup - and then analyzed with EarthImager 2D. The MASW testing was performed using 24 geophones at one-meter spacing using Geometrics' GEODE G24 seismograph; the recorded data were analyzed using Geopsy for 1D and SeisImager for 2D profiles of the shear wave velocity. DCP test was conducted on the crest at various locations. Findings showed that the embankment of the dam consisted of three layers up to 5.8 meters of depth investigation. ERT also showed the existence of an area with low resistivity, indicating the potential for internal seepage. The shear wave velocity and DCP confirmed the existence of three layers, which was consistent with the resistivity results.


Intelligent substation is an important support and base of Strong Smart Grid. It is the date source of Grid operation and the execution unit that connects with other sectors closely. The intelligent substation is not only the important guarantee for the Strong Smart Grid working safely, economically and high quality, but also the main expression form of realizing smart grid automatization. Based on the recent development of intelligent substation, analysis new generation substation service, technical specification and the overall framework design.


Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy and the intraoperative perigastric vascular anatomy.Methods:Forty-five patients with gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopy-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy between June 2011 and June 2013 were reviewed,and the clinical efficacy and intraoperative perigastric vascular anatomy were analyzed.Results:Laparoscopic procedure was successfully completed in 43 of the 45 patients.he average operative time was(178.75±44.32) min,intraoperative blood loss was(100±50) mL,number of dissected lymph nodes was 27.55±7.52,time to bowel function recovery and ambulation was(3.2±1.1) and(2.5±1.0) d,and lengthof postoperative hospital stay was(11.5±7.5) d,respectively.he incidence of postoperative complications was 9.3%.In regard to vascular anatomy of the stomach,the let gastrcepiploic vessels were mainly seen originating from the distal third of splenic artery that was located in the anterior pancreatic space of the superior border of pancreatic tail; the superior mesenteric vessels were mainly located in the retropancreatic space of the inferior border of pancreatic neck,anterior to the uncinate process of pancreas and the horizontal part of the duodenum; right gastroepiploic vessels were mainly found in stomach mesenteries inferior to gastric pylorus and anterior to pancreatic head,but presented many variations; the coeliac trunk and its branches were mainly located in retropancreatic space of the superior border of pancreatic body,and the gastropancreatic fold,splenopancreatic fold and hepatopancreatic fold were anatomic landmarks for locating the let gastric artery,splenic artery and common hepatic artery,respectively.Conclusion:Laparoscopic D2 radical gastrectomy for distal gastric cancer is safe and feasible,and the strong knowledge of anatomy and the location of the perigastric vessels is crucial for surgical success.


Artemisia annua L. (Compositae) is an annual herb, which has been traditionally used as an antipyretic and hemostatic agent with the herbal medicine name of Cheong Ho (菁蒿) in Korea and China. In this study, five di-caffeoylquinic acid derivatives and a coumarin were determined from the hot-water extract of aerial parts of A. annua. The structures of isolates were elucidated to be 1,3-di-O-caffeoylqunic acid (1), 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (2), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylqiunic acid (3), 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4) and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5) and scopoletin (6). The presence of 1,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4) is firstly reported from A. annua in the current study.


The authors studied the absolute sensitivity characteristics of an air-coupled microphone and an accelerometer when they were coupled to the chest wall. The frequency responses of these transducers were theoretically predicted based on an equivalent circuit model and verified by model experiment. The experimental results were well agreed with the theoretical predictions. Due to the capacitive impedance of the air-chamber the pressure response of air-coupled microphone shows low-pass characteristics. It is important to set the air-chamber dimension as small as possible, however, practically it is difficult to have the act-off frequency above 1 kHz. An accelerometer acts, on the chest wall, as a pressure sensor rather than an acceleration sensor, because the mechanical impedance of the accelerometer is much higher than that of the chest wall. The authors can measure stop-surface sound pressure on the chest wall either by air-coupled microphone or by accelerometer. Accordingly they can quantitatively compare the data measured by air-coupled microphones with the data measured by accelerometers.


Two bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes (Ir1 and Ir2) with trifluoromethyl substituted bipyridine (2′,6′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,3′-bipyridine (L1) and 2′,6′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,4′-bipyridine (L2)) as the main ligands and tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate as the ancillary ligand were prepared, and their X-ray crystallography, photoluminescence, electrochemistry properties were investigated. The Ir1 and Ir2 complexes show green emissions at about 500 and 502 nm with high quantum efficiencies of 0.63 and 0.93, respectively. Moreover, they also exhibit higher electron mobility than that of Alq3 (tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminium). The organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with the structure of ITO/TAPC (1,1-bis[4-(di-p-tolylamino)phenyl]cyclohexane, 40 nm)/mCP (1,3-bis(9H-carbazol-9-yl)benzene, 10 nm)/Ir complex (8 wt%): PPO21 (3-(diphenylphosphoryl)-9-(4-(diphenylphosphoryl)phenyl)-9H-carbazole, 25 nm)/TmPyPB (1,3,5-tri(m-pyrid-3-yl-phenyl)benzene, 50 nm)/LiF (1 nm)/Al (100 nm) showed excellent performances, partly due to their high quantum efficiency and high electron mobility. For the devices G1 and G2, the maximum current efficiency (ηc) values are as high as 101.96/99.97 cd A−1 and the maximum external quantum efficiencies of 31.6% and 30.5% with low electroluminescence efficiency roll-off. The ηc data still remain over 90 cd A−1 even at the luminance of 10000 cd m−2, which proves that the complexes have potential applications as efficient green emitters in OLEDs.


This paper addresses the following question: how to ensure that a complex analogue integrated circuit is easily testable? There are two aspects of this problem: design of the circuit and development of the tests. We review some solutions to the testing problems recently proposed in the literature. The example of testing fuzzy logic controller is used to demonstrate how the problem of testing of a complex analogue circuit can be


Sensor, in particular for the acquisition of values of a physical quantity of a drive component or a variable linked to such a size size, wherein means for generating energy to the sensor are connected such that the values are non-contact transferred to a further device, wherein the means for producing energy comprise a piezoelectric element, wherein the piezoelectric element is connected at its first end to the housing or other part of the drive component and is connected at its other end with a mass for the generation of mechanical stresses in the piezoelectric element during operation of the drive component.


The objective of this experiment was to study the effect oftwo water managments, tiliage systems and weed contral on rice yield, water use and water use efficiency and crop yield components. The experiment was conducted in 1993/94 crop growing season in the experimental field ofthe Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria - RS. Rice cultivar BR-IRGA-414 was sowed in rows in December 22, 1993. A factorial (23) experiment in a completely randomized block design was used wiih two irrigation dates (15 and 30 days after emergency - DAE), two soil tillage system (minimum and conventional) and two weed control leveis (with and withoul herbicide appiication). The results indicate that the water consumption was similar among ali treatments. The interaction between irrigation at 30 DAE and minimum tillage results in lower water use efficiency. The number of panicles is higher for irrigation started at 15 DAE than 30 DAE Irrigation starting at 15 DAE presents plants with higher harvest index, larger panicle number per area and lower spikelet sterilily.


References 1. Tauer-Reich I, Fruhmann G, Czuppon AB, Baur X. Allergens causing bird fancier s asthma. Allergy 1994;49:448–453. 2. Vidal C, Fuente R, Iglesias A, Sáez A. Bronchial asthma due to Cannabis sativa seed. Allergy 1991;46:647–649. 3. Bohle B, Hirt W, Nachbargauer P, Ebner H, Ebner C. Allergy to millet: another risk for atopic bird keepers. Allergy 2003;58: 325–328. 4. Colloff MJ, Merrett TG, Merrett J, McSharry C, Boyd G. Feather mites are potentially an important source of allergens for pigeon and budgerigar keepers. Clin Exp Allergy 1997;27:60–67. 5. Quirce S, Marañón F, Umpiérrez A, de las Heras M, Fernández-Caldas E, Sastre J. Chicken serum albumin (Gal d 5*) is a partially heat-labile inhalant and food allergen implicated in the bird-egg syndrome. Allergy 2001;56:754–762. 6. Palomares O, Cuesta-Herranz J, Vereda A, Sirvent S, Villalba M, Rodrı́guez R. Isolation and identification of an 11S globulin as a new major allergen in mustard seeds. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005;94:586–592.


Reaction of [Fe4S4(SBut)4]2– with the methyl esters of L-serine, L-tyrosine, or L-proline yields the complexes [Fe4S4(AA)4]2–(AA = anion of the amino acid methyl ester); all the complexes have been characterized in solution and the first two have been isolated as solids.


We describe and illustrate eight new species of chewing lice in the genus Philopterus Nitzsch, 1818, parasitic on hosts in the bird families Cardinalidae, Chloropseidae, Hirundinidae, Icteridae, Motacillidae, Paridae, and Vangidae from China, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, and the USA. They are: Philopterus coriaceus sp. nov. from Molothrus oryzivorus oryzivorus (Gmelin, 1788); P. hebes sp. nov. from Chloropsis aurifrons inornata Kloss, 1918 and C. cochinchinensis kinneari Hall & Deignan, 1956; P. micropunctatus sp. nov. from Anthus hodgsoni Richmond, 1907; P. afropari sp. nov. from Melaniparus cinerascens cinerascens (Vieillot, 1818); P. pseudhirundo sp. nov. from Pseudhirundo griseopyga Sundevall, 1850; P. sinensis sp. nov. from Hemipus picatus capitalis (Horsfield, 1840); P. stansburyensis sp. nov. from Pheucticus melanocephalus melanocephalus (Swainson, 1827); and P. trepostephanus sp. nov. from Tephrodornis virgatus fretensis Robinson & Kloss, 1920 and T. v. mekongensis Meyer de Schauensee, 1946. Philopterus hebes sp. nov. constitutes the first record of the genus Philopterus from the Chloropseidae. We also provide some notes on the morphology and status of Cypseloecus Conci, 1941.


The county economy of Jilin Province has developed rapidly after the development strategy of "county breakthrough" in 1998.In particular, after the expansion of Quanqiang County in 2005, Jilin County took economic development as its top priority. As the county GDP grows rapidly,its comprehensive economic strength continued to increase. Since its development, there is still many problem.The article puts forward some solutions to the problems existing in the county economy development in Jilin Province.


The present invention provides an electrolytic ozone generating apparatus, including: an ozone generator, water tanks anode, cathode water tank, a unidirectional balancing or off type solenoid valves and other components. Wherein the ozone generator comprises a cation exchange membrane separate element, a cathode catalyst of the diaphragm, a porous cathode current collector sheet, anode catalyst film, a porous anode current collecting plate, and the guide plate, sheet, etc. corrosion. The apparatus for manufacturing low cost, industrial scale production, to stable operation under pressure, high ozone generation efficiency.


A recent question from the research literature is addressed: to what extent does the behavioral response to the natural and technological disaster model apply to terrorist events involving a weapon of mass destruction (WMD)? Earlier work argued that the literature is applicable. Anecdotal evidence and preliminary content analysis findings from the aftermath of the terrorist attack of 11 September 2001 demonstrate the salience of the model to terrorism.


Abstract Sparsity of conventional data over tropical oceans makes it difficult to analyze well the moisture and divergence fields, and therefore the diabatic forcing of the tropical atmosphere is not well predicted in numerical models. A nudging procedure to improve the precipitation forecast in the National Meteorological Center (NMC) Medium Range Forecast Model (MRF) is developed. The convective parameterization scheme is modified to adjust the predicted rainfall amounts toward the observations in this method. In the absence of conventional data, the rainfall estimates from the satellite measures of the outward-going longwave radiation are utilized as the observed precipitation. Several forecasts from the MRF are presented to show the improvements in intensity and location of the intertropical convergence zone and tropical disturbances with the application of the nudging procedure. Additionally, spurious cyclone and excessive rainfall that were predicted without this procedure either failed to form or t...


Summary form only given. Due to a large energy level spacing and an enhanced surface-to-volume ratio, carrier dynamics in strongly-confined semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are significantly different from those in bulk materials. The large level separation has been predicted to significantly inhibit energy relaxation due to a phonon bottleneck which, however, has been argued against by recent experiments. The relaxation of carriers from the lowest quantized states in NCs can be significantly faster than for radiative decay, which is due to enhancement of non-radiative processes associated, e.g., with surface trapping.


A family of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as part-ofspeech (PoS) tagging, Named Entity Recognition (NER), and Multiword Expression (MWE) identification all involve assigning labels to sequences of words in text (sequence labeling). Most modern machine learning approaches to sequence labeling utilize word embeddings, learned representations of text, in which words with similar meanings have similar representations. Quite recently, contextualized word embeddings have garnered much attention because, unlike pretrained contextinsensitive embeddings such as word2vec, they are able to capture word meaning in context. In this thesis, I evaluate the performance of different embedding setups (context-sensitive, context-insensitive word, as well as task-specific word, character, lemma, and PoS) on the three abovementioned sequence labeling tasks using a deep learning model (BiLSTM) and Portuguese datasets.


A deductive system is described which combines aspects of resolution (e.g. unification and the use of Skolem functions) with that of natural deduction and whose performance compares favorably with the best predicate calculus theorem provers.


The paper gives useful data for green marketers and producers of green products on the planet. This paper offers helpful guidelines for the government of the countries in the world government to form and formulate the green policies in nature, such as providing exceptional incentives to green products, manufacturers, enlightening the masses and encouraging the public to buy products with eco‐label. The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of green marketing tools on consumer's behavior towards purchasing. A critical audit of past works of literature was utilized in the study to distinguish critical success factors of green marketing as it impacts comprehensively on the purchase behavior of customers globally. Thus, giving solutions to existing problems within the company and how individuals can increase their interest in the idea of "Green Marketing" and "Going Green" respectively. A critical analysis of four successful green marketing tools from all around the world revealed four critical success factors. The study's result, which is a major critical success factor globally, reveals that the eco‐label and eco‐brand of products will positively show and impact significantly on their actual consumer purchase behavior.


VDMOS(Vertically Double Diffused Metal Oxide Semiconductor)Technology for power devices was constrained by the Silicon Limit.It is now improved to have linear relation between On Resistance(Ron) and Breakdown voltage(BV) instead of the quadratic relation by super junction VDMOS.The body junction is modified with the addition of a high energy implantation that forms super junction VDMOS.We use ISE-TCAD simulator to simulate the Ron and BV of the super junction VDMOS.The results show a maximum 40 % increase in BV and obvious reduction in Ron.The approach with a high energy implantation provides a simple means to reduce the on resistance of the VDMOS.


PURPOSE: To increase ions captured in an analyzer by arranging a conductive tube lens operating together with a capillary tube in an analyzing region, and focussing ions in jet flow on the center by applying voltage. CONSTITUTION: A conductive tube lens 31 is arranged at the end part of a capillary tube 16 directing ion carrying gas from an ionizing region 14 to a low pressure region 21, through an insulating sleeve. When voltage is applied to between a conductive coating on the tube 16 and the lens 31, an electric field is formed within the tube 16, and ions are focussed on the center of expanding flow, and ion flow is formed in the center of expanded gas jet. Ions are introduced into a mass spectrometer through a skimmer 28 and a lens 29. Ions captured in the mass spectrometer are increased. COPYRIGHT: (C)1994,JPO


The sorption ability of natural zeolite clinoptilolite for total mercury leached from contaminated soil of Idrija district in Slovenia has been investigated. The satisfactory removal of total mercury on two particle sizes of zeolite sample has been observed. The pH value is a key factor for leaching and uptake of mercury from natural soil systems. It was established that natural zeolite clinoptilolite has a potential to be used as a material for remediation of mercury contaminated waters.


The publishing industry. The Italian publishing industry. Digital transformation in publishing. Computers in the publishing process: necessity and expectations. Case study: Il Foro Italiano.


Semiuninorm‐based ordered weighted averaging (SUOWA) operators are a specific case of Choquet integrals that allow us to generalize simultaneously weighted means and ordered weighting averaging (OWA) operators. Although SUOWA operators possess some very interesting properties, their main weakness is that, sometimes, the game used in their construction is not monotonic and it is necessary to calculate its monotonic cover. In this paper, we introduce a new family of weighting vectors, called unimodal weighting vectors, which embrace some of the most outstanding weighting vectors used in the framework of OWA operators, and we show that when using these weighting vectors and a specific semiuninorm we directly get normalized capacities. Moreover, we also show that these operators satisfy some properties which are very useful in practice.


The subject of this article is the question of the role of associations and different
non – governmental organizations in contemporary civil society. These problems become
more and more essential with the fact, that the mission of associations and every
different non – governmental organizations in relationship with following integrated
processes as well as with the progressive globalization undergoes to the continuous
widening. Moreover in the relationship with change of the conception of functioning
the Polish state, both in constitutional and social- economic sphere many new challenges
appeared for every civil initiatives. The idea of civil society shows, that in democratic
system the every kind of association and different social groups have to function,
they are organized independently from the state, because only in such way the
power of the state can be limited and the society will be able to oppose every kind of
the authoritarian government, the coterie and different groups. The civil associations
and different non – governmental organizations not only protect the individual before
excessive power of the state but also they are the place of expression , coordinating and the realization of interests of different social groups. People can learn not only mutual
confidence and participation in democracy as well as common working, but also shape
civil skills, too


Introduction: Success rates of gastroschisis interventions on outcome have been increasingly examined.
Much of the work has focused on post-delivery management and timing of the final closure. Little data is
available regarding the impact of the timing of fetal delivery on outcomes. This study aims to examine the
relationships between overall outcomes of patients diagnosed with gastroschisis and timing of delivery
(planned versus non-planned) and mode of delivery (cesarean section versus vaginal delivery). The primary
outcome evaluated was the length of hospitalization.
Methods: This work was performed as a ten-year retrospective chart analysis including patients from 2005
to 2013. Inclusion in the study required a pre-operative diagnosis and a surgical intervention for
gastroschisis. We identified 29 patients of interest who were filtered based on availability of the specific
timing of each intervention. Chi-square test was used to determine statistical differences amongst categorical
variables and the student t-test was used to determine differences amongst continuousvariables.
Results: The major factors influencing the Length of hospitalization were return of bowel function (p =
0.0213) and tolerance of full oral feeds (p = 0.0116). Further early extubation was also correlated to a shorter
hospitalization (p = 0.0003). Analysis of mode of delivery, comparing vaginal delivery to Cesarean section,
showed that patients delivered by Cesarean section had a reduced length of hospitalization as compared to
those delivered vaginally (p = 0.0080). Mode of delivery did not significantly impact the other patient
outcomes, but we did find that time to oral feeds was increased in those patients undergoing unplanned
deliveries (p = 0.0176). No other outcomes were impacted by undergoing a planned versus unplanned
gastroschisis delivery.
Conclusion: Our data suggests that patients delivered without prior planning will have an extended time to
tolerance of oral feeds. In addition, we find that patients delivered by Cesarean section will have shorter
lengths of hospitalizations in the setting of poor antenatal care. Factors influencing length of stay after
gastroschisis, such as return of bowel function and time to tolerance of oral feeds may be related to mode
and timing of delivery. We recommend that future analysis of larger databases should focus on peri-partum
factors that may influence outcomes in gastroschisis. Further greater consideration should be given to the
impact of lack of antenatal services in many parts of the world and its implications on maternal fetal
wellbeing in congenital malformations such as gastroschisis.


Next generation CMOS architectures tend to thin-fil m devices (and multi-gate devices, such as FinFET or TriGate) [1,2], and ultimately to Gate-All-Around devices thanks to their higher electrostatics integ rity at short gate length compared to conventionnal plan ar CMOS. This paper presents recent optimizations of ebeam lithography using HSQ (HydogenSilsesQuioxane, H 8Si8O12) resist, used to form selfaligned cavities and finally gate-all-around or dou blegated devices.


Abstract Dissatisfaction with the lack of apparent relevance and integration of the Wisconsin curriculum for beginning graduate students in planning led to experimentation with a structurally more open and flexible committee course dubbed the "Omnibus." It was a full-time experience of one semester's duration for five faculty members, four teaching assistants, one administrator, and twenty-four students. As an experiment, it stimulated thought about planning, and particularly about education. Though exciting, the Omnibus nonetheless continued many of the bad features of the past while failing to realize completely its potential. Its major accomplishment was to alter the relationship between student and teacher, and in so doing, to give much insight into the nature and necessity of guidance in the educational enterprise.


The Principle and method of ground penetrating radar technology are introduced in the paper. Main content and way in quality check of tunnel engineering with ground penetrating radar are demonstrated and its feasibility and advantages in checking and accepting of tunnel engineering quality are illustrated,taking in west of Hunan as an example. Meanwhile, key skills and noticeable items during inspection are discussed. It is found that the inspection result is accordant with the practice by and large after data processing and image interpretation.


Today, sulfide from raw fuel gasses is removed mostly via absorption in a sodium hydroxide stream in a wet scrubber. This creates a spent caustic stream (SCS), which is treated via various approaches. However, these treatments have some disadvantages such as a high operating cost, a high chemical usage or low robustness. Moreover, these treatments often convert sulfide to sulfate, so no recovery of other products from sulfide oxidation can be achieved. In this thesis, the possibility of recovery of sodium hydroxide and sulfur compounds from a SCS was investigated. A two-compartment electrochemical cell was used. An iridium tantalum mixed metal oxide coated titanium anode was placed in the anode compartment to oxidize sulfide to its sulfur oxidation products, such as elemental sulfur, sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite and polysulfides. A cation exchange membrane was used in order to selectively transfer sodium ions to the cathode compartment in an attempt to create a concentrated sodium hydroxide stream with the hydroxide electrochemically produced at the stainless steel mesh cathode. An artificial SCS (4 wt% sodium hydroxide, 1 wt% sulfide-S) and deionized water were continuously fed to the anode and cathode compartment respectively. In a first part, a stable sulfide removal (68 ± 1 %) and cell voltage (2.74 ± 0.10 V) were observed during a two and a half months operation at 100 A m-2 and 46.9 ± 2.3 g S L-1 d-1. Sodium hydroxide was efficiently recovered in the catholyte (4.96 ± 0.36 wt%) with a coulombic efficiency of 96 ± 2 %. In a next step, the effect of an increasing sulfide loading rate was investigated. Higher sulfide loading rates (i.e. higher anolyte flowrate) resulted in lower sulfide removal efficiencies, but coulombic efficiencies for sulfide increased. Increasing the sulfide loading rate also resulted in less sulfate production. The effect of current density was investigated in a third set of experiments. Increasing the current density increased the sulfate and thiosulfate concentration and decreased polysulfides and elemental sulfur in the anode effluent. 200 A m-2 current density and sulfide loading rate of 40.2 g ± 3.9 S L-1 d-1 were found to be limiting for the system, as the cell voltage increased due to a built up of elemental sulfur on the anode. The highest sulfide removal efficiency (86 ± 3 %) was recorded at 150 A m-2 and 42.9 ± 5.2 g S L-1 d-1 . At 50 A m2and 45.3 ± 5.8 g S L-1 d-1, a high removal efficiency (73 ± 1 %) combined with high polysulfide and elemental sulfur production (2.7 ± 1.4 g S L-1) were observed. These operational conditions are recommended to harvest high value calcium polysulfide that can be used as a fungicide or for remediation of heavy metals polluted soils. Further research on the performance and stability of the electrochemical system with real SCS will help in determining the viability of the process as an alternative for treating SCS.


THE annual report of the Medical (Research Council year 1925-26 is arranged on what we may now usual plan, which from the experience of past already familiar to our readers. Itself a summary and diverse investigations it is a difficult document analyse, and we must content ourselves with giving outline of some of the work in its various sections. Although outside the work of the Council itself, tion may be drawn to a passage in the report Committee of the Privy Council for Medical Research, wherein Lord-Balfour speaks with confidence and the way in which the new Committee of Civil Research has already, in its early beginnings,^ co-operated Medical Research Council in the work of bringing science into itsfullest application,to the practical problems


A detailed analysis of a recent jet fighter mishap is made in terms of perceptual and attentional factors that may have contributed to or caused the mishap. The crash occurred in clear air while the fighter was maneuvering over rugged terrain of irregular and unpredictable features. There were no mechanical failures and no evidence of pilot error. The analysis concentrates on the effects of the underinformativeness of the terrain; the difficulties of perceiving distance, ground clearance, and position under these conditions; the consequences of the high gravitational forces generated by the jet just prior to impact; and the competition for the pilot's visual attention. The effects of the combinations of these various factors are then considered. Finally, specific suggestions are made for improvements in training for low-altitude flight.


The article examines subject-verb agreement and aspect in Muna language. The data of this study were collected through observation and note-taking and analyzed syntactically. The results of the study show that (1) Muna language has subject markers attached to predicates; (2) the subject markers are (a) /a/, /ae/, /ao/ (for subject 'I'), (b) /da/, /dae/, /dao/ (for subject 'we' for 2 persons), (c) /da- -mu/, /dae- -mu/, /dao- mu/ (for subject 'we' for more than 2 persons), (d) /o/, /ome/, /omo/ (for subject 'you' singular), (e) /o- -mu/, /ome- -mu/, /omo- mu/ (for subject 'you' plural), (f) /no/, /ne/ (subject 'she/he'), and (g) /do/, /de/ (for subject 'they'); (3) variation for each subject marker is influenced by predicate types such as transitive, intransitive, or adjective; (4) Muna language uses infix /-um-/ to express the event in the future, nando to express a progressive event, and suffix /mo-/ or lexical padamo to express the event in the past; (5) Muna language differentiates the concept of aspect in negative sentences from that in positive sentences; it uses miina 'not' to express a negative statement in the past, and the prefix /pa:/ to express a negative statement in the future; and (6) Muna language has aspect markers.


Fishing gear in the Baltic is often raided by grey seals ( Halichoerus grypus ). The seals remove the fish and damage the nets, or entangle themselves and drown. In order to develop ways of mitigating the seals-fisheries conflict, it is important to know exactly how the seals locate the fishing gear. A field experiment was conducted in order to clarify whether seals use their vision above water to do this. Bait (herring; Clupea harengus ) was attached to the anchor lines of buoys of the type that is commonly used to mark the position of fishing gear. In all, 643 buoys were set. Some of the buoys (210) were also fitted with camera traps. Weather data were collected from official weather stations nearby. Bait loss (mean 18%) was significantly correlated with buoy size (P = 0.002) and wind speed (P = 0.04). There was a significant association between bait loss and seal observations near the buoys (P = 0.05). Five photos of grey seals were obtained from the camera traps. No fish-eating birds, such as cormorants or mergansers, were ever observed near the buoys or caught on camera. It was concluded that a main cause of missing bait was scavenging by grey seals, and that they did use above-water vision to locate the buoys. It was also concluded that wind strength (i.e. wave action) contributed to the bait loss. The camera trap buoys had a somewhat lower bait loss than the other buoys (P = 0.054), which was attributed to a scaring effect. Neither the number of seal observations nor the bait loss differed significantly between the 2 study areas in the experiment (P = 0.43 and P = 0.83, respectively). Bait loss was not affected by the buoy colour (red, white, or grey; P = 0.87). We suggest that the findings of this experiment could be put into practice in a seal-disturbed area by deploying a number of decoy buoys, or by hiding live buoys below the surface of the water. This would increase the cost of foraging for the seals, and hence discourage them from exploiting fishing gear as a feeding place.


Reductive cleavage of the disulfide bond of 2,3-di-tert-butyl-5,6,7-trithiabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 7-exoxide with lithium triethylborohydride and treatment of the resulting dithiolate with N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole in situ furnished 6,7-di-tert-butyl-2,4,8-trithia-3-oxobicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene 8-endoxide in 89% yield. Thioxo analog, 6,7-di-tert-butyl-2,4,8-trithia-3-thioxobicyclo[3.2.1]oct-6-ene 8-endoxide was also prepared by the reaction of dithiolate with N, N′-thiocarbonyldiimidazole in 79% yield.


Objective To compare the clinical effectiveness of double-tube drainage management vs non-drainage in patients with complicated appendicitis.Methods Hospital records of 80 patients who underwent appendectomy between Jan.2006 and Aug.2008 were reviewed.Double-tube drainage management was done in 38 patients(double-tube drainage group),and the remaining didn't receive drainage(non-drainage group).Incidence of surgical wound infection(SWI),and abdominal abscess and length of stay (LOS)were compared between two groups.Results Patients with non-drainage had a higher incidence of SWI(P0.01)and longer LOS[(10.3±2.6)days vs(7.2±1.9)days,P0.05].There was one case of abdominal abscess in non-drainage group.Conclusion Abdominal abscess and SWI can be avoided for complicated appendicitis with double-tube drainage management, and LOS was shorter.


Internal switches in all-photonic networks do not perform data conversion into the electronic domain, thereby eliminating a potential capacity bottleneck, but the inability to perform efficient optical buffering introduces network scheduling challenges. In this paper we focus on the problem of scheduling fixed-length frames in all-photonic star-topology networks with the goal of minimizing rejected demand. We formulate the task as an optimization problem and characterize its complexity. We describe the minimum rejection algorithm (MRA), which minimizes total rejection, and demonstrate that the fair matching algorithm (FMA) minimizes the maximum percentage rejection of any connection. We analyze through OPNET simulation the rejection and delay performance.


An unstructured hybrid grid computational method is proposed,in which CGNS API(CFD General Notation System Application Programming Interface) is taken as pre and post-processing and FVM(Finite Volume Method) is taken as a PDE(Partial Differential Equation) solver.In the pre-processing,the interior mesh faces and boundary mesh faces are indexed with hash table method for the requirment of the FVM solver.The results of the solver are written into original CGNS files with which the post-processing is dealt with by post-processing softwares,such as tecplot,fluent and CFX.For the solver,a cell centered FVM is applied to solve the coupled pressure and velocities with the SIMPLEC(Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equation Consistent).Two numerical examples are shown.


Purpose: We compared the clinical results and postoperative results with the total extraperitoneal hernioplasty (TEP) and the open operation by the Bassini technique. Materials and Methods: Between October 1996 and November 1998 72 patients had 88 laparoscopic repairs and 57 patients had open repairs. The two groups were similar in age, sex, primary or recurrent hernias and unilateral or bilateral hernias. Results: 90.3% of the laparoscopic treated patients and 80.7% of the Bassini group had no clinical complications. The TEP patients used over 0.7 days analgetics, the Bassini patients over 1.7 days. The TEP group stayed 4.7 days at the hospital and the open repaired group stayed there for 10.1 days (p < 0.05). Re-currence rates in both groups amounted 7% (TEP) and 12.8% (Bassini) after a follow-up of 38 months. 73.9% of the TEP patients had no problems to return to normal activity within 3 months, while 60% of the Bassini group were not noted to early recovery of normal activities (p < 0.001). The return to work was noted in the TEP group after a mean of 13.1 days and 24.7 days in the Bassini group (p < 0.01). Conclusion: We conclude that the totally extraperitoneal approach for laparoscopic hernioplasty is a adequate technique for inguinal hernia repair with lower rates of recurrences and better long-term results concerning hospital stay, consumption of analgetics, return to normal activity, return to work and con-tentment. Therefore we think that based on a correct indication and laparoscopic expertise, laparoscopic extraperitoneal her-nioplasty should also prefered by urological centers.


Abortion is a world problem that greatly affects the health, illness and death of pregnant women. The data of the Hj. Gunarti Clinic there were 27 cases of mothers who experienced abortion in 2018, while in 2019, there were an increase of 38 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between maternal habits in consuming herbs during pregnancy and maternal parity with the spontaneous abortion prevalence. The research design used is case control, with a ratio of 1:1. There were 38 samples as a cases group and 38 control group samples. The study was conducted at the Private Practice Midwife Clinic of Hj. Gunarti Banjarbaru city, South Kalimantan Province in April to June 2020. The results of the study showed a significant correlation between the habit of consuming herbal medicine with the abortion cases, that mothers with the habit of consuming herbal during pregnancy had a 3.58 times greater risk of having abortion compared to women who did not consume herbal during pregnancy (OR = 3.58, 95% CI: 1.267-10.143, p value = 0.026), and there is a significant correlation between parity and the abortion cases, mothers with high-risk parity (parity> 3) have a risk of 2.95 times greater abortion than mothers with low-risk parity levels ( OR = 2.95, 95% CI: 1.159-7.503, p value = 0.039). It is recommended for health workers to be more active in socializing to the pregnant women not to consume any herbal medicine carelessly, especially those who do not have permit from the drug and food regulatory agencies, so as to avoid the occurrence of unwanted abortion. In addition to that it also further improves the achievements of the family planning program to be able to limit the number of maternal pregnancies in the community.


Unsociable children are likely to develop adjustment difficulties in Chinese society. The primary goal of the present study was to examine the moderating effect of behavioural control on the relation between unsociability and peer problems in Chinese children. Participants were fourth to eighth grade students in urban China (N = 787). Assessments of unsociability, shyness, peer problems and behavioural control were obtained from peer nominations and teacher ratings. Results indicated that unsociability was positively related to peer problems in Chinese children after controlling for shyness. Also, the relation between unsociability and peer problems was attenuated among children with higher behavioural control. Thus, behavioural control may be a buffering factor that serves to protect unsociable children from developing peer problems. Gender and age also moderated these associations. Results are discussed in terms of the meaning and implications of unsociability and behavioural control in Chinese culture. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


High stresses generated from chip-package interactions (CPI), especially when large die is flip mounted on organic substrate using Pb-free C4 bumps, can easily cause low-k delamination. A novel scheme by applying an elastic material can effectively reduce the transmitted stresses and, thus, resolve the interfacial delamination issue. Along with an optimized chip-package integration solution, a reliable interconnect structure with good electrical performance, has been successfully demonstrated.


To date, the behaviour and survival of Shiga-toxigenic/enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (STEC/EHEC) in minisalami-sausages have not been established. Here we describe the result of challenge studies with these food borne pathogens in five different types of minisalamis including smoked sausages (pork, pork and beef, poultry), air dried and mould ripened salamis. The German Federal Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Consumer Protection (BMELV) commissioned this study to obtain information on the occurrence and on the decline or potential survival of food borne pathogens in these raw fermented sausages, which are characterized by a small caliber and median a w levels between 0.82-0.84 (smoked and air dried salamis) and 0.69 (mould ripened salamis) (GAREIS et al., 2010a). Background of the project was an outbreak of salmonellosis by S. Panama among children in Germany in summer 2007. Based on epidemiological data a discussion about minisalamis as risk foods and their possible role as causative food vector for these cases followed (RKI, 2008). In two publications we already reported about the occurrence of Salmonella spp., STEC/EHEC, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus in minisalami products obtained from the retail (GAREIS et al., 2010a) and a challenge study with Salmonella spp. in minisalami (G AREIS et al., 2010b). Here we describe the survival STEC/EHEC in five types of artificially contaminated minisalami products. The batters were inoculated prior to further processing with low (2 log 10 cfu/g) and high (4 log 10 cfu/g) levels of a pool of three isolates of E. coli O157:H7 and one strain of E. coli 026:H11. Their survival, as affected by the particular recipe of the product and the ripening program, was monitored over 42 days. Irrespective of the different types of minisalamis, rapid decline of STEC/EHEC was observed in all products tested. The results are supported by previous studies with raw sausages demonstrating that the behaviour of gramnegative pathogens in long fermented raw sausages was characterized by significant reductions of initial germ counts. The numbers decreased to less than 1 log 10 cfu/g within 8 or 13 days, the end of the ripening process (smoked, air dried and mould ripened sausages, respectively) and the time when the salamis are usually packed for sale. The technology normally used for the production of minisalamis clearly prevents growth STEC/EHEC. One major reason is the rapid drying to a w < 0.86. Results also indicate that optimization of parameters during the ripening process, especially the temperatures used, enhances the inactivation of the pathogens and attributes to the microbiological stability of the product.


There in Mo Yan's Red Kaoliang Family and two relatively independent minor stories——the story of Gen,the Swordplay 18 and that of Cheng,the Pockmarked.The two "Subtheme stories",seemingly producing no effect on the "theme story",exert a parallel explanatory effect on the theme of Red Kaoliang Family on one hand,on the other they are a complement to the theme at that.In fact they serve as a ponder over the limitations of folk life passion and a consideration about the human "animalization" under a certain system.The themes of the two minor stories conflict with that of Red Kaoliang Family,i.e.they manifest the limitations of the life force and the decisive function of social reality to life.


Sleep deprivation physiological effects of sleep deprivation body restitution and sleep waking awareness, subsequent sleep and cerebral restitution core and optical sleep sleep in other mammals REM sleep.


Formation of aluminum nitride ( AlN ) films on aluminum surfaces has been achieved by an electric discharge process in liquid nitrogen in very short time. The thickness of the film produced by this process ranged 10 and 20 µ m for time varying between 0 . 12 and 1 . 2 ks. The film was composed of AlN and Aluminum ︲ Oxynitride ( AlON ) and was found to have a complex structure. The film hardness ranged from 778 to 2333 HV, and was affected by the micro defects such as cracks and voids, and the presence of AlON in the film. The hardness was enriched by the presence of AlON. [ doi:10


Full-duplex fiber-to-the-X(FTTX) has been the trend of access network.Plastic optical fiber(POF) was a low-cost solution for optical access network.However,POF has the feature of narrowband with high mode dispersion.In order to overcome these shortcomings and increase band utilization and dispersion tolerance in optical access network,Adaprtive bit power allocation of OFDM has been introduced,and high bandwidth efficiency of OFDM was used in optical access network.Moreover,bit error rate was reduced too.In the designed system,10 Gb/s optical OFDM system has been implemented in a 2.5 GHz band.It is proved that adaptive bit power allocation are validity and feasibility in optical OFDM system.


We discuss the Akaike and Bayesian information criteria obtained from the model and data set presented in [1]. Both criteria are model-selection methods that consists in penalizing the log-likelihood as a function of the parameters: ICi = −2 log(L(θ̂i|data, Mi)) + AnKi. The Akaike information criterion (AIC) is a measure of the relative goodness of fit of a statistical model. Under appropriate conditions, the model that minimizes the AIC corresponds to the one that minimizes the Kullback-Leibler divergence with respect to the true unknown distribution. The Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) stems from Bayesian probabilities. If proper conditions are satisfied, it is twice the negative logarithm of the marginal likelihood, i.e. −2 log(P (data|Mi)). From the BIC difference of model Mi and Mj , i.e. ΔBICi, an approximation of the Bayes' factor : Bi,j ≈ exp(−ΔBICi/2) can be obtained. In this sense, the minimum BIC corresponds to the best model describing the data.


In view of the ever increasing recurrence and severity of renewal waves coupled with the need to understand the processes of (socio) technological 'gestation', over the years, the construct 'emerging technologies' is slowly filling in an important theoretical niche within the Technology and Innovation Management (TIM) field, namely that of the very early stages of (socio) technological evolution. In particular, this paper attempts to contribute to the extant literature on the conceptualization and operationalization of emerging technologies along three dimensions: (a) an approach to discern the differences and similarities of emerging technologies vis-à-vis other conceptual constructs through the analysis of the network of co-citations of cited references, (b) an extended characterization of the construct 'emerging technologies', and (c) the operationalization of such conceptualization focused on the knowledge base of emerging technologies for the particular case of MEMS/NEMS (Micro-/Nano ElectroMechanical Systems). With that purpose in mind, a heavy use of series of bibliometric approaches and network analyses based on publications was made.


This article explores how the colonisation of womens bodies, as perpetuated through the art trope of the female nude, has constructed a specific bodily ideal that still resonates and informs how we view women's bodies in contemporary life. I address how the same narratives that restrict our understanding of the female body, also restrict our understanding of drawing. I share part of my PhD practice research: PhEminist Skins of Resistance, a project conducted in my school, which sought to decolonise the legacy of the female nude and support the empowerment of the young women artists who populate the classrooms in which I teach. Theoretically informed by PhEmaterialism (feminist posthumanism and new materialism research methodologies in education), material agency is positioned as vital to an embodied learning experience and situates how I (re)position life drawing as a tool to re‐imagined and disrupt heteronormative and raced colonial imaginings of the female body. I further explore how this project created space within the secondary art classroom for creative‐activism, and the power of such learning environments to reach out beyond the constraints of neo‐liberal educational structures and inspire transformative pedagogies of hope.


We examine the throughput, delay, and stability of a resource reservation system for a wireless personal communication network. The system we consider has a network of base transmitters, which simulcast information to a collection of mobile users, and a network of base receivers tuned to the same channel. The mobile users request bandwidth by contending during specified time slots. We present models that consider the combined effects of noise, co-channel interference, and other channel characteristics in computing the probability of successful packet transmission. We obtain numerical results via simulation that can help to understand issues involved in engineering a system.


dispersal ranges, like snails or wingless insects (Mader 1979, Mader et al. 1990). Linear or patchy natural and semi-natural landscape features may be important as guide-lines or stepping stones for these species. Therefore, the incorporation of habitat considerations within landscape planning and other nature conservation activities is very important in Germany. To that end a large number of hedges and other linear or patchy landscape features have been introduced by a range of different organizations. However, only little has been known until now about the ecological function of old linear landscape features as guide-lines or stepping stones.


This is an analysis of Russian and international scientific data about the modern aspects of jaw alveolitis prevention and treatment over the period from 2000 to 2020. Selection of the scientific literature was conducted in the Central Scientific Medical Library, electronic Medical library eLIBRARY.RU, and also on the database of medical publications PubMed. The review analyses clinical and experimental studies on various methods of drug therapy for patients with alveolitis in order to determine the most effective and modern method of therapy for this nosology.


Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandBackground: Laparoscopic staging (LS) of upper gastrointestinal malignancy has decreased the number of non-curative laparoto-mies. However, as radiological techniques have improved the value of this invasive staging technique has decreased, with some unitseither being more selective or abandoning it altogether for certain tumour types.The aim of the present study is to prospectively evaluate the additional utility of LS of upper gastrointestinal malignancy afterradiological staging with modern techniques.Methods: One hundred and six consecutive patients assessed as having potentially curable upper gastrointestinal malignancy afterradiological staging underwent LS between April 1999 and June 2001. Laparoscopic findings, outcome at laparotomy and complica-tions were prospectively recorded.Results: Laparoscopic staging detected incurable disease in 28 of the 106 patients (26%). The negative likelihood ratio was 0.36(95% CI 0.24–0.53). Twenty-seven patients were considered incurable because of findings at laparoscopy and one on the findingsof laparoscopic ultrasound. Ten patients underwent open palliative procedures and seven had non-therapeutic laparotomies giving anon-curative laparotomy rate of 16%. LS was most useful for primary liver and biliary tract tumours and was least useful for colo-rectal liver metastases. The most frequent findings denoting incurability were the presence of liver disease (12 cases) and peritonealmetastases (nine cases). Complications occurred in three patients with one death being attributable in part to the laparoscopy.Conclusions: Laparoscopy was useful in decreasing the number of non-therapeutic laparotomies, but laparoscopic ultrasoundgave little additional benefit. The utility of LS was dependent on tumour type and in particular was of marginal benefit for colorectalliver metastases. LS remains a useful staging tool but should be applied selectively.Key words: laparoscopy, neoplasm, staging.Abbreviations


The article analyzes the current problems of enforcement, arising in connection with bringing the guilty to administrative responsibility for driving the line or release the vehicle for the transportation of goods and (or) passengers without technical controls (tachograph). The authors formulated proposals clarifying certain provisions of the Code of Administrative Offences, and agency regulations.


An alloy bombarded with 12 keV — Ar+-ions emits singly charged secondary ions (SI) of all components of the target. By measuring the SI-currents in a mass spectrometer a quantitative analysis is possible (Ion-bombardment ion source). The SI-emission of aluminium and iron alloys with varying concentration of other components is investigated. It is shown that the relative SI yield, i. e., the ratio of the SI yield of the extra components to the yield of the main components aluminium and iron, respectively is independent of the composition of the sample provided that the sample contains more than 90% of the main component. This result is in qualitative agreement with the Langmuir-Saha-equation.


Microcalorimetric measurements of excess molar enthalpies at 298.15 K are reported for the two ternary mixtures, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) or di-isopropyl ether (DIPE) + n-octane + 2-methylpentane (2-MP). The excess enthalpies for DIPE + 2-MP are also reported. Smooth representations of the ternary enthalpies results are presented and used to construct constant excess molar enthalpy contours on Roozeboom diagrams. It is shown that good estimates of the ternary enthalpies can be obtained from the Liebermann and Fried model, using only the physical properties of the components and their binary mixtures.

Des mesures microcalorimetriques des enthalpies molaires excedentaires a 298,15 K sont fournies pour les deux melanges ternaires, l'ether methyltertiobutylique ou l'ether isopropylique + n-octane + 2-methylpentane (2-MP). Un compte rendu des enthalpies excedentaires pour l'ether isopropylique + 2-MP est egalement fourni. Des representations aplanies des resultats des enthalpies ternaires sont presentees et servent a construire des contours d'enthalpie molaire excedentaire constante sur des diagrammes de Roozeboom. Il est montre que l'on peut obtenir de bonnes estimations des enthalpies ternaires a partir du modele de Liebermann et Fried en n'utilisant que les proprietes physiques des elements et de leurs melanges binaires.


We investigate the effects of the generalized uncertainty principle on the inflationary dynamics of the early universe from both the standard and the braneworld viewpoint. We choose the Randall–Sundrum II model as our underlying braneworld scenario. We find that the quantum-gravitational effects lead to a spectral index which is not scale-invariant. Also, the amplitude of density fluctuations is reduced by increasing the strength of quantum-gravitational corrections. However, the tensor-to-scalar ratio increases by incorporation of these quantum gravity effects. We outline possible manifestations of these quantum gravity effects in the recent and future observations.


The Internet is often viewed as a replacement for "old" modes of communication, a tool used by news seekers, including public officials, to bypass traditional news media. However, the authors show that the arrival of this "new" media has not caused officials to forsake journalists and abandon traditional media. Instead, they are utilizing theWeb as a new method for seeking coverage from the old media. By conducting a content analysis of the official Web sites of every member of the U.S. Congress, the authors reveal that about three-quarters of these legislators explicitly employ their site to try to attract journalists and traditional reporting. In addition, the authors examine the types of features that are included to make congressional Web sites "media friendly" and the extent to which each of these is used by members. Finally, they discuss some of the factors that explain the variance among legislators in regard to their use of Web sites for this purpose.


Since 2015 when migration across the Mediterranean was declared a "crisis" in Europe, the language of crisis and invasion has persisted, structuring conversations and political imaginations. This has led many to argue for the strict closure of borders and the deportation of migrants or "people on the move,"1 and to a deepening set of racisms within borders. But this "crisis" has also led to a less publicized, opposing struggle against borders, in the service of a more egalitarian world. I argue that in order to really understand how borders are being regulated or unregulated, we need to look not only at the international legal realm, but also at infrastructural politics.2 In this Essay, I will discuss two different terrains of infrastructural struggle over migration and borders: the first is about border walls, which are built to close off resources and partition the world into haves and have nots; the second is an infrastructure of collective living, where people-on-the-move are occupying abandoned spaces and working against borders and private property. I suggest that it is important to attend to the infrastructural dimensions of migration and border regimes, as they can produce and regularize exclusion and conceal it from the conventional field of political discussion and legal contestation. At the same time, new infrastructures can prefigure better, more equitable worlds.


This paper is about the uniquity and importance of qualitative reasoning about quantitative phenomena. From A–B testing and recommender systems to Covid modelling and climate change, numbers and data drive so much of both the work we do within HCI itself and the applications we work on. Sometimes this requires precise calculations, but often decisions or explanations are more qualitative taking into account general tendencies of numeric systems. This is important for our work within HCI when dealing with quantitative data including dynamic systems, and also as we create tools for those teaching, presenting or working with numeric phenomena.


Currently, many countries in the Middle East are actively investing in the development of their space programs. In the long term, it is the presence of an advanced rocket and space potential in the countries of the Middle East that will be of decisive importance in building foreign policy relations in the region, dominating and promoting its position in the surrounding countries. This is due to several factors. Firstly, the use of modern space systems and complexes will ensure global, round-the-clock, all-weather, and operational monitoring of human activities on Earth, continuous monitoring of economic and military activities in the region. This will not only give an advantage over other countries in the region during the conduct of hostilities but will also allow us to fight terrorism and organized crime more successfully. Secondly, the development of the space industry is of great economic interest, since the development of the space industry opens the telecommunications market, allows you to provide services in this area to other countries, and most importantly creates the need to develop your own industrial production, which is what most countries in the region are striving for, given their dependence on economies from oil prices. The article discusses the activities of the Arab Group for Cooperation in Space, created in 2019, describes its members, goals, existing projects, and prospects.


Effects of H2 reduction on the catalytic properties of MoO3 with Pt, Pd, Rh, Ir, or Ru for the conversions of
 heptane and propan-2-ol were studied. The catalytic activity of MoO3 with noble metal for the isomerization of heptane was strongly dependent on the period of H2
 reduction at 623 K. This behavior was almost the same as that of MoO3 without noble metal. Among the catalysts tested, Pt/MoO3 was the most active for this reaction. The catalytic activities of MoO3 for dehydration and dehydrogenation of propan-2-ol also increased in proportion with the period of H2 reduction. In the case of MoO3 with noble metal, a higher dehydration activity was obtained by a longer period of H2 reduction, while the dehydrogenation activity was almost independent of the reduction period. Pt/MoO3 exhibited a high dehydration activity compared with the
 other catalysts, indicating the most acidic property of Pt/MoO3. We conclude from these results that the high isomerization activity of Pt/MoO3 can be attributed to its high acidity as well as to the hydrogenative and dehydrogenative properties of Pt metal.


Avoiding antibiotics is one of the crucial goals in organic dairy herd health management. Thus, a trial with 102 cows (408 quarters) was conducted to com-pare 2 common medical dry-off practices in organic dairying, internal teat sealant (Orbeseal®, Pfizer) and herd specific homeopathic remedies, with an untreated control. Regarding the sub-clinical mastitis protection rate (IPR), the results show no significant benefit for the two treatment groups in general. The homeopathic group had an advantage in the treatment of cows at drying off showing less than 200k cells/ml. The protection OR of these cows was 5.80 (95%-CI 1.36-29.87) compared to control.
Teat sealants showed the best results in protection against environmental infections. Only 13% (n=10/80) of the primarily healthy quarters were infected by environmental Streptococci, Enterococci or Coliforms after calving compared to 21% (15/70; n.s.) after homeopathic treatment and 28% in the control group. This is a 3-fold protection chance (3.04 - 95%-CI 1.2-9.0) compared to control.
The results indicate that in herds with good udder health with few environmental infections, a treatment at drying off can be omitted, while sub-clinically in-fected cows could be treated by homeopathics. Only in case of increased environmental infection risk, a strategic teat sealant usage is recommended.


Antibiotic (AB) consumption in UAE is rising with physicians prescribing these drugs for simple ailments like common cold and sore throat. The aim of this work is to identify the utilization pattern of AB in UAE to determine patient's perspective and involvement in the use and abuse of AB and to estimate people awareness about AB abuse and its complication. A validated, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics and chie-square test when applicable. This cross sectional study was carried out among subjects procuring AB from GMC pharmacy, GMC hospital and community pharmacies located in Ajman. Two hundred and thirty three subjects were participating in this study, 58.8% female and 41.2% male. Majority of participants were Asian and more than forty years old. 41% of participants have purchased AB without doctor's prescription and 56% of the lot didn't seek pharmacists advise. About 25% use AB that purchased previously and 19.7% switched over to another AB if symptoms not relieved. 44.2% use AB for cold or running nose and 26.6% for respiratory tract infection. There was a marked preference to the use of augmentin and amoxicillin followed by cefuzime and erythromycin. Participants' adherence to AB therapy was poor. Results showed a significant association between participants occupation and subjects adherence to AB therapy (P<0.002) and participants awareness of AB abuse (P<0.001). In conclusion people awareness and knowledge towards AB utilization and complication associated with AB abuse in Ajman/ UAE is low. Antibiotic use regulation is recommended with mass education program by different health authorities to promote appropriate AB use and prevent AB resistance.


This paper is devoted to investigate the existence of traveling wave solutions for a partially degenerate Aedes aegypti model with nonlocal effects. By taking specific kernel forms and time scale transformation, we transform the nonlocal model into a singularly perturbed system with small parameters. A locally invariant manifold for wave profile system is obtained with the aid of the geometric singular perturbation theory, and then the existence of traveling wave solutions is proved provided that the basic reproduction number \begin{document}$ \mathcal{R}_0>1 $\end{document} through utilizing the Fredholm orthogonal method. Furthermore, we study the asymptotic behaviors of traveling wave solution with the help of asymptotic theory. The methods used in this work can help us overcome the difficulty that the solution map associated with the system is not compact. Numerically, we perform simulations to demonstrate the theoretical results.


It is not uncommon to hear that young doctors are struggling with decisions about whether they should give up medicine or not. Depression and loss of morale is too common for comfort and a growing cynicism about the future does not help. The authors of this book have examined the experience of young doctors in their preregistration year and provide a disturbing picture of what is arguably the most important and formative period that a doctor will experience. The authors interviewed twelve Bristol junior house officers who had had experience of 24 house officer posts in a variety of hospitals, as well as a smaller number of nursing sisters, consultants and general managers. There is little reason to believe that the picture which emerges of life at the coalface is limited to the South West Region. Although many of the problems are well known, hitherto they have not been catalogued and assessed so thoroughly. While some effort is being made to address the problem of excessively long hours of duty, major difficulties arise because newly qualified doctors are ill-prepared to take on the work which is suddenly thrust upon them. It consists of a mixture of an overwhelming volume of mundane, and largely inappropri-


A presentation both describing regulatory requirements regarding fire safety in construction but also the conflict, contradiction and weakness in the regulatory framework. The presentation highlighted suggestions in which such risks could be mitigated by good planning.
In summary:
• An overview of the Construction Design and Management Regulations
• How do they dovetail with Building Regulations?
• How does Fire Safety feature and what is the Client role?


ABSTRACT Mitigation of anthropogenic carbon dioxide is needed in order to allow societies to maintain the existing carbon-based infrastructure, while minimizing the effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) on the earth eco-system. A system that consists of pressure swing adsorption and in-situ mineralization unit was introduced to capture carbon dioxide (CO2) from a 700 MW pulverized coal-fired power plant. Results from the work demonstrate that pressure swing adsorption for post-combustion carbon capture consumed the least energy, followed by biomass co-firing, pre-combustion cryogenic-membrane hybrid, and post-combustion monoethanolamine absorption. For carbon capture and sequestration, the pressure swing adsorption-fixation system was found to yield the lowest environmental burden factor, followed by off-site sequestration in deep sea and depleted underground oil/gas fields.


helating agents are used to improve the detergency power of cleaners and detergents. AkzoNobel has conducted an Eco-Efficiency Analysis (EEA) of the alternative chelating agents GLDA, EDTA, NTA and STPP. An EEA integrates and assesses the ecological and economic profiles of alternative systems delivering the same customer benefit. This paper gives an account of the main results of the environmental dimension of the chelate study, and provides an in depth description of the EEA methodology currently practiced within AkzoNobel. It is concluded that GLDA is the most environmental benign chelating agent, and that the main reasons for this is that it is biodegradable, phosphorous free and based on a renewable raw material.


This work discusses a didactic path aimed at revisiting the first experiments on the transmission and detection of electromagnetic waves, performed by Guglielmo Marconi at the end of the 19th century. With very simple materials it is possible to set-up apparatus that allow to illustrate practically the simple physical picture of wireless telegraphy, and in particular the role of monopole antennas and ground connections, first introduced by Guglielmo Marconi to increase the distance between the transmitter and the receiver. Retracing in the classroom the first steps of the beginning and the advent of radio communications is important for both science education and the students' understanding of the connected world we live in.


This paper proposes a computer based environment to aid in teaching algorithms. The environment is called ASA (Algorithm Simulator and Animator) and it is being developed for SENAC, a Brazilian company, associated to Brazilian National Commerce Confederation, responsible for technical education.The text discusses difficulties in teaching algorithms and suggests the computer as a tool capable of decreasing existing learning barriers. In this context we present the goal of the ASA project. We review other on going projects also oriented towards teaching about algorithms through computers which bear some influence on our work.In sequence, we present the ASA system's arquitecture. The system's three modules are described as: Algorithm Presentor, Animator (Data Animator and Code Animator) and Constructor.The experience gained in implementing the prototype is reported. Dificulties encountered and even implementation details are also reported. The experience provides insights for the project's future directions.We end by discussing the main research areas in operation, that are results from the experience gained.


Sapphire sand deposit and its primary deposit which ha ve been found by now in Shandong province locate in Changle area. According to i ts origin, sapphire sand strata are divided into sand wash stratum, pluvial stra tum and relict drifted sand stratum, while sapphire concentrated well in drifted sand stratum. Sapphire-primary deposit occurred in basalts of Niushan formation and Yaoshan formation in Cenozoic new Neogene Linqu group, which has a close re lation with high-K alkalic basalts.


A flow rate and resistance-based approach for upscaling of microfiltration processes from lab scale to process scale is presented, in correlation with biopharmaceutical processes. Basic element is the modeling of filtration curves using a resistance-in-series model based on the Darcy equation. The influences of the filtration setup and the fouling layer are described as additional resistances that change in course of filtration. The necessary parameters, such as setup resistances and filtration areas, are determined by water flow rate measurements. The model is validated by filtration of a particulate test solution. The presented approach can be used for constant flow and constant pressure driven filtration processes.


Results of two studies of childrens responses to well-child checkups are described The first study of 48 children showed an age-related decline in negative emotion and developmental differences in specific categories of coping behavior used before during, and after the examination The second study related differences in 48 children's reactions to the doctors warmth and involvement These results suggest that active even negative behavior may be developmentally appropriate and more adaptive than "good' passivity Techniques are suggested for making the young child a more active participant in the health care process.


Let be a completely regular topological space. An intermediate ring is a ring of continuous functions satisfying . In Redlin and Watson (1987) and in Panman et al. (2012), correspondences and are defined between ideals in and -filters on , and it is shown that these extend the well-known correspondences studied separately for and , respectively, to any intermediate ring. Moreover, the inverse map sets up a one-one correspondence between the maximal ideals of and the -ultrafilters on . In this paper, we define a function that, in the case that is a -ring, describes in terms of extensions of functions to realcompactifications of . For such rings, we show that maps -filters to ideals. We also give a characterization of the maximal ideals in that generalize the Gelfand-Kolmogorov theorem from to .


Various teaching strategies have been employed in attempting to overcome the d i f f i c u l t i e s experienced by students learning computer programming on courses held at the Bedford College of Higher Education,England. The problem remains unsolved; the main d i f f i c u l t y encountered l i e s in the development of the algorithm, not in the syntax or semantics of the language. The contribution gained by the use of flowcharts has been negligible; the major c o n t r i b u t i o n came from allowing the students to work in groups. The essay follows the argument that, accepting the premise that programming requires l o g i c a l t h i n k i n g , a solution to t h i s problem may be forthcoming if it is tackled by helping these students to develop problem solving s k i l l s from an early age; thereby placing the onus on the schoolteacher. Use of educational tools, namely BIGTRAK, i n i t i a l l y for the very young, followed by the TURTLE with L O G O programming, and l a t t e r l y microProlog is advocated. The paper is introduced by a brief discourse on the concept of knowledge, in order to confirm that to teach thinking is d i f f i c u l t , and hence t h a t there is a r o l e f o r some aspect of a r t i f i c i a l intelligence in the classroom. By d e f i n i t i o n , a teacher's role in the classroom must be that of one who teaches, imparting knowledge and guiding the studies of the pupils. But, the concept of knowledge is d i f f i c u l t to define and cannot be determined precisely in the way that some words can. In attempting to define the constituents of the concept of knowledge, various notions can be considered, Attempts have been made to break knowledge into divisions, Hirst,(1973) put forward the suggestion that knowledge was separable into d i s t i n c t forms, such as mathematics, physical sciences etc. But, if these forms …


Abstract This study proposes and tests an integrative model to examine the relationships among customers' willingness to share information, satisfaction, perceived value, and loyalty in a retailing context. This study extends research on customers' willingness to share information from trust and privacy concerns toward key outcome measures such as perceived value, customer satisfaction, and loyalty, and is thus among the first to model customers' willingness to share information with companies in robust theoretical retailing frameworks. The proposed relationships were tested using data from two retailing contexts – groceries (N = 429) and do-it-yourself (DIY) (N = 895). Findings from the two samples suggest that both perceived value and satisfaction are significant determinants of customers' willingness to share information with a company. Although some differences emerge in the two studies, structural modeling largely supports the hypothesized framework and positions customers' willingness to share information as an important antecedent of their loyalty intentions and behavior. This study provides practitioners with preliminary insight into the relationship between willingness to share information and perceived value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty. This study advances retailing research, as it is one of the few empirical studies investigating the role of customers' willingness to share information in driving loyalty and its relationship with perceived value and satisfaction in a retailing context.


Objectives To assess computed tomography (CT) blood clot thickness, aneurysmal site and size as predictors for vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Background Cerebral vasospasm and delayed cerebral ischemia are common factors of poor outcome following SAH. Patients and methods Forty patients with acute aneurysmal SAH. Outcome was assessed clinically by Glasgow coma scale, Hunt and Hess scale, radiologically by cerebral CT [modified Fisher's scale (MFS)], cerebral CT angiography, and transcranial Doppler (follow-up on the first, third, fifth, seventh, and tenth day from SAH onset) for the appearance of vasospasm. Results There is no significant difference between the amount of blood detected by CT (MFS) and cerebral aneurysm sites as U = 0.513, P = 0.972. Early vasospasm was detected in 13 cases in middle cerebral artery, seven cases anterior communicating, four posterior communicating, and the least was internal carotid and posterior cerebral (two cases and one case, respectively). Univariate logistic regression and receiver-operating characteristic curve showed that the predictors for vasospasm were systolic and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (systolic blood pressure with diagnostic accuracy = area under the curve=[95% confidence interval (CI)=0.82, P = 0.0001, cutoff point >195 and DBP: 95% CI = 0.87, P = 0.0001, cutoff point >95 for DBP], hemoglobin A1C (95% CI = 0.89, P = 0.0001, cutoff point >7), Glasgow coma scale (95% CI = 0.80, P = 0.001, cutoff point <14), Hunt and Hess scale (95% CI = 0.80, P = 0.001, cutoff point >2), MFS (95% CI = 0.70, P = 0.045, cutoff point >1) and aneurysmal size (95% CI = 0.77, P = 0.0003, cutoff point >7) but aneurysmal site and smoking P = 0.995 and 0.99, respectively were not predictors in spite of association. Conclusion Clinical severity of SAH, blood clot thickness, aneurysmal size, systolic blood pressure and DBP, and glycated hemoglobin seem to be important predictors for cerebral vasospasm after SAH.


In several access control systems of a cloud, any data can be accessed by many different users and expecting a trusted environment from those scenarios is always a challenging and complex task. Cloud server determines the access rights of the users based on their authorization. Conventional access policy using public key cryptosystem is a tedious task. Generally, the properties of the access policy are defined by attributes of a user. This paper is an enhancement of conventional CP-ABE in concealed policy that constructs exponential ciphers based on user's attributes. The proposed scheme supports all sorts of access structures without supporting bilinear mapping. The exponential form of ciphertext creates complexity for attackers to decrypt the message. Prior updatable CP-ABE systems were suggested on restricted access structures. The bound representation of the access tree size during setup process proved the efficiency of the systems. Additionally, encryption and decryption time were also studied to prove the flexibility and scalability of the systems.


Objective:To study the Ch polymorphism of cytochrome p450-2D6 gene in Chinese Han people and its relationship with plasma risperidone and 9-OH risperidone level.Method:30 patients who met the schizophrenia criteria of Chinese classification and diagnostic criteria for mental disorders(3rd edition)(CCMD-3)were treated with risperidone for one week.After one week treatment Ch polymorphism of cytochrome p450-2D6 gene was analyzed with PCR-RELP method,and plasma risperidone and 9-OH risperidone level were measured.Results:Of the 30 patients,there are 7 Ch/Ch homozygotes(23.3%),15 W/Ch homozygotes(50.0%),8 W/W heterozygotes(26.7%)in p450-2D6 gene.The plasma risperidone,9-OH risperidone level was(5.28±1.61)ng/ml,(17.13±8.15)ng/ml respectively in 8 W/W homozygote patients,The plasma risperidone,9-OH risperidone level was(5.00±2.10)ng/ml,(15.29±6.74)ng/ml respectively in 15 W/Ch homozygote patients,The plasma risperidone,9-OH risperidone level was(5.89±3.34)ng/ml,(15.97±10.16)ng/ml respectively in 7Ch/Ch heterozygote patients.There wasn't significant difference in plasma risperidone and 9-OH risperidone among the three types of patients.Conclusion:The polymorphism of cytochrome p450-2D6 gene in Ch has no significant influence on plasma risperidone and 9-OH risperidone level in schizophrenic patients treated with risperidone.


This paper takes a cognitive approach to explore cognitive and metacognitive writing strategies in EFL student writers in relation to their achievement in L2 (English) writing and discuss the results and implications in teaching L2 writing. To determine the relationship between writing strategy use and writing task performance, 18 high- and 18 low- achieving Chinese EFL students selected out of 107 students in 9 English composition classes at a university in Taiwan participated in the present study. The results showed the similarities and differences on which parts the high- and low- achieving student writers focussed and to which they devoted more or less of their cognitive activities. Furthermore, the writing strategies used by the high- and low- achievers are statistically different in 1) generating ideas, 2) generating texts, 3) revising and 4) editing.


Deploying cloud for research purpose is quiet time consuming when different errors have to be eliminated. This paper lists out common problems and errors encountered while deploying private cloud and the possible solutions to these problems and errors. It will help beginners to minimize the time to setup the cloud and make deployment easier. Open source operating system Ubuntu-12.04 long time support an d Open nebula cloud computing framework are used for deployment of this private cloud.


In transient field measurements, an antenna with wide band performance both in amplitude and in phase is desired. The complex antenna factor (CAF) is an appropriate characteristic of such an antenna. It is convenient that the CAP of the wide-band antenna is able to be calculated easily. For this purpose, a V-dipole antenna with a balun consisting of two coaxial feeders is investigated. The calculated complex antenna factors are compared with the measured values. The results show that the V dipole has the wide-band performance and the CAF is calculable.


This study examines the extent to which advocacy as a social marketing tool can help bring about road users' rules conformity, reinforcement and behavioural exchange. From a population of 11,760,871, a sample of 420 was derived using Krejcie and Morgan sample table. The theoretical framework was anchored on theory of reasoned action and social cognitive theory. The stated hypotheses were tested using Multiple Regression and from the findings, we realized that all the hypotheses tested had a significant coefficient and associated p-values. For these reasons, the stated null hypotheses were rejected. The study further recommends that social marketing efforts if applied and implemented appropriately can help the society in changing the behaviour of the citizens.


If one may judge from the literature bearing on this subject, the attention of those most deeply interested in the artificial feeding of infants appears, at the present moment, to be largely concentrated on the digestion of the fat contained in cow's milk. While we formerly accepted without question that the digestion of casein furnished the chief element of difficulty, and while few will deny that this difficulty is still encountered in infants of disordered digestions or where there is gross disregard of well established rules calling for the dilution of milk fed to very young infants, each year of further experience now convinces us that much of the difficulty ascribed to the proteids has in reality been caused by the fat. That the difficulties with the digestion of fat were not generally appreciated earlier has been due partly to failure to recognize the untoward effects of limited fat capacity,


It proposes a means of transportation and a user interface for a means of transportation. The user interface comprises: - a detection device (8) - an actuator (18) and - a one-piece, at least in large part permanently opaque, cover (3b) - a first, assigned to a first function call, surface area, and - a second, associated with a second function call, surface area, wherein - said detecting means (8) is adapted to distinguish a touch of a user of the first surface area of a touch of a user of the second surface region, and wherein - the user interface is set up, always according to - a touching crossing a boundary located between the first surface area and second surface area, and / or - exerting an operation of a predefined minimum force of the cover in the first surface region or in the second surface area by means of the actuator (18) exerts a force on the cover (3b) for generating a haptic feedback to the user.


The study was taken up to workout the cost and returns structure in commercial broiler farming in Andaman and Nicobar Islands. About 60 broiler farms ofhaving different sizes, viz. small « 300 birds), medium (301-900 birds) and large (> 901 birds) were selected in some villages of south Andaman Island by random sampling. Data on inputs such as chick, feed, labour, medicine and vaccine, electricity and other miscellaneous items alongwith cost incurred on them and outputs such as live broilers of marketable age and gunny bags alongwith returns obtained from them in broiler farming, investment required for construction of poultry sheds and purchase of equipment such as feeder, waterer, buckets, metals and plastic utensils, weighing balance etc. were collected. The total fixed cost was estimated to be Rs 1133,4376 and 3930 for small, medium and large farms respectively. Overall, the total fixed cost was 5.49, 7.38 and 4.15 %ofthe total cost respectively. The total variable cost ofthe small, medium and large farms were estimated to be Rs 19520, Rs 54885 and Rs 90682, accounting for 95.51,92.62 and 95.85 % respectively. Among the various components ofvariable cost, the feed cost and chick cost were the main items ofexpenditure. Almost two-third of the total cost was incurred on feed only in all the categories ofthe farms. The next in order were labour cost, medicine and vaccine expenses, electricity charges and miscellaneous expenditure. The total cost ofproducing an average batch size of300, 900 and 1500 birds was worked out to be Rs 20653, 59261 and 94612 respectively. The cost ofproduction of broilers was worked out to be Rs 68.84,65.85 and 63.07 for small, medium and large farms respectively. Total return form the three different sizes ofbroiler farms was Rs 23 160, 69480 and 115800. Net return per batch was estimated to the Rs 2507,10219 and 21188 for small, medium and large farms respectively. The net return per bird was Rs 8.36, 11.35 and -14.13 and the B:C ratio was 1: 1.12, 1: 1.17 and 1: 1.22, respectively, for the 3 categories of farms. The optimum size of broiler unit was estimated to be 166,505 and 2436 for small, medium and large farms respectively. It was found that broiler farming was a profitable venture in Andaman and Nicobar islands and it proved to be the main source of income to a sizeable number of farmers here.


We report on circularly polarized light emitted from a chiral nematic liquid crystal doped with a luminescent organolanthanide dye. The organolanthanide emission displays an extremely narrow spectral bandwidth of Δ λE≈ 8 nm. This is considerably narrower than the CNLC selective reflection bandwidth Δ λR≈60 nm. When conventional dyes with broader emission bandwidths are dissolved into CNLCs, the average degree of circular polarization g of emitted light is reduced from the maximum degree g MAX ; this is due to the overlap of the emission band with the reflection band edges, and spectral regions outside the reflection band. Here, however, we can place the entire emission band inside the reflection band and achieve g ≈ g MAX=1.27. Furthermore, a high degree of circular polarization is maintained under off-axis viewing up to a viewing angle of ≈ 30° to the normal.