Summary form only given. Without any additional assumption a sourceless electrodynamic radiation field is derived, which, though not having any material limitations, does not expand in the course of time. Once generated in the absolute vacuum it can subsist unlimited and can be used therefore as a base for the explanation of solid particles. Being created as an occasional by-product of a curved lightning stroke it is per se no plasma phenomenon. Consequently, with respect to its energy content it has not the narrow limitations, which occur at plasma objects because of the virial theorem.


Anxiety is one of the major predictors of academic performance. Teacher trainees with anxiety disorder display a passive attitude in their studies such as lack of interest in learning, poor performance in exams, and on lesson plans & assignments. This research observes the relationship between level of anxiety and academic achievement of teacher trainees. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select 130 teacher trainees from colleges of Education. Hypotheses were tested using Pearson's correlation, chi-square and independent t-test statistics. The results show that there is a low but significant relationship between anxiety and academic achievement of teacher trainees. So, research on anxiety is one of the most active areas in psychology.


OBJECTIVES
Processing of available information on TAPS with a focus on the evaluation of the most sensitive and most specific prenatal diagnostic test.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Retrospective analysis of available publications on TAPS with their meta-analytical processing through available electronic medical databases. Evaluation of the most sensitive and specific prenatal diagnostic test with graphical processing of sensitivity and specificity values depending on the TAPS diagnostic criteria used.

RESULTS
In total, we found 165 available articles, the oldest from 2007 and the most recent from 2020. Based on the available articles, we evaluated the determination of MCA-PSV with a sensitivity of 83% and a specificity of up to 100% for the currently generally accepted diagnostic criterion TAPS - Delta MCA-PSV > 0.5MoM as the most sensitive and specific method of prenatal diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS
The serial determination of MCA-PSV represents the most sensitive and specific prenatal diagnostic test to date (2020) based on available knowledge. Serial measurement of the MCA-PSV since gestational week 20 every two weeks until delivery represents a potential TAPS screening test for all monochorionic pregnancies. The late, or postnatal diagnosis of TAPS can have serious consequences in the form of intrauterine death of the foetus(es) and increased perinatal mortality and morbidity.


The very interesting limestone plaque from Ur, illustrated in pl. v of vol. viii of The Antiquaries Journal, deserves a little more attention than Mr. Woolley has had space to give to it. In design this chariot exactly resembles a number of pottery models that were found in the season 1923–4 at Kish and provisionally dated 3000 B.C. or a little earlier. I note that Mr. Woolley is of opinion that his plaque can be dated 3200 B.C.


We report the quantitative characterization and analysis on the solidification of SU-8, a chemically amplified near-ultraviolet ultrathick resist, based on two-photon-absorbed (TPA) near-infrared photopolymerization. The resolution of TPA photopolymerized SU-8 voxels and lines is studied as a function of laser-pulse energy, single-shot exposure time, and scanning speed. Two-photon microstereolithography using SU-8 as the matrix material was verified by the fabrication of SU-8 photoplastic structures with subdiffraction-limit resolution. We show that the nonlinear velocity dependence of TPA photopolymerization can be used as the shutter mechanism for disruptive three-dimensional (3D) lithography. This mechanism, when combined with low numerical-aperture optics is exploited for the rapid 3D microfabrication of ultrahigh-aspect-ratio (up to 50:1) photoplastic pillars, planes, and cage structures.


The paper analyzes the results of metal extraction from tailings of ore processing based on traditional approaches. The history of methods of secondary processing of mineral raw materials is described. The technique and features of mechanochemical activation of the leaching process of metal ores and coals are described. The results of laboratory studies of a new mechanochemical technology for metal extraction are presented. A description of the compromise optimal criterion formulated in the model of extraction of metals from tailings with substandard mineral raw materials based on the mathematical planning of the experiment, regression analysis methods and consideration of sanitary standards for the disposal of processing tailings is proposed. Mechanochemical technology results in economic and environmental effects from the utilization of processing tailings and radical strengthening of the mineral resource base of the mining industry.


The article focuses on the component composition of English phraseological units built on spatial metaphors. The choice of lexemes constituting a phraseological unit in this case is to a great extent conditioned by the type of spatial metaphor and the peculiar spatial relations it reflects.


The TATA‐less cyclin D3 gene is stimulated by prolactin (PRL) in rat Nb2 T‐lymphocytes. DNA mobility shift assay and luciferase transfection analysis revealed that the gene has a potential promoter region, two enhancer domanins and a silencer region. The promoter region possessed three Sp1 sites and two AP2 sites, and both enhancer regions bad one AP2 binding site each. Analysis using oligonucleotide probes and purified AP2 protein has suggested that the expression of rat cyclin D3 gene is promoted by Sp1 and AP2 factors.


Discharge from the ear occurs in both otitis externa and otitis media. In acute furunculosis and acute otitis media the dominating symptom is pain, which precedes any discharge. Diffuse otitis externa, on the other hand, may present with a thin serous discharge, especially if there is an allergic eczematous reaction. In acute furunculosis the discharge is the thick di.. l <extrusion of the core of the boil, which consists of necrotic material; there is usually no difficulty in diagnosis.


Regional Rural Banks are established under the provisions of an ordinance promulgated on the 26 th September, 1975 and the RRB Act, 1976 with an objective to ensure sufficient institutional credit for agriculture and other rural sectors. Reforms and mergers introduced by the Government of India in consultation with Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) in the years 1994-95 to 2005-06 have yielded positive results in respect of key performance indicators such as number of banks and branches, capital composition, deposits, loans, loans and the trend of investments. The objective of this paper is to investigate whether the merger/amalgamation of Regional Rural Banks in India, undertaken in 2005-06 has helped improve their performance. Several committees have emphasized the need to improve the performance of these banks which play an important role in the rural credit market in India. The study is diagnostic and exploratory in nature and makes use of secondary data. The study finds and concludes that performance of rural banks in India has significantly improved after amalgamation process which has been initiated by the Government of India.


The present paper focuses on analysing the effects of using green energy on achieving sustainable development.The competitive advantages and emphasised here and sustained to push finding farther ways to transform the world into a green planet as it was at its beginnings.Under smart strategies implemented reasonably the green energy encourages smart investments and builds a better world for people and companies benefit.


PURPOSE: A method for dying a chip using acidic dye is provided not to generate the color difference of surface and inside surface which can be generated by a scratch by surface processing. CONSTITUTION: A method for dying a chip using acidic dye dips the prepared chip into the dye mixture solution in 20~50 temperature degree and obtains the dyed chip by adding a heat to the dyed mixture solution which chip is dipped. After washing the chip of the first stage and dips the washed chip into the acid fixative of 60~100 temperature degree, the chip is heat treated and dried. The chip of the first stage is a first kind selected from the ash, arara, and awk. The dyed mixture solution of a first stage is made by mixture of the acid agent, distilled water, alcohol, and antifoaming agent.


The electronic structure and stability of the 20-electron complex hydride, ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{3}{\mathrm{MnH}}_{7}$ is studied using density functional calculations. The heat of formation is larger in magnitude than that of ${\mathrm{MgH}}_{2}$. The deviation from the 18-electron rule is explained by the predominantly ionic character of the band structure and a large crystal-field splitting of the Mn $d$ bands. In particular, each H provides one deep band accomodating two electrons, while the Mn ${t}_{2g}$ bands hold an additional six electrons per formula unit.


Background SLE is a severe, chronic autoimmune disease of the connective tissue involving multiple organ systems. Understanding the economic burden of SLE in the context of disease severity is important when considering new therapeutic options. Objectives HCRU and costs associated with SLE were examined retrospectively using anonymized data from a German Sickness Fund database. Methods Real-world claims for adult (≥18 years old) patients (pts) with SLE from a German Sickness Fund database of company health insurance schemes were analysed. HCRU and costs were assessed annually for 2009–2014 for pts diagnosed with SLE in 2009 and validated using repeated SLE-related claims, co-diagnosis codes, laboratory tests, prescription treatment, and the diagnosing physician's specialty. Pts had to have data available for 2009 and ≥3 years before the index quarter in 2009. HCRU and costs for SLE cases were compared with those of controls matched (4:1) by age, sex, and baseline Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI). Continuous outcomes were compared with a nonparametric test (e.g., Wilcoxon–Mann-Whitney) because most outcome distributions were positively skewed. Results Of the 3,290,701 persons with data available for 2009 and ≥3 years prior, 1228 had an SLE diagnosis in 2009. SLE prevalence steadily increased from 37.32/100,000 (incidence: 5.96/100,000 per year) in 2009 to 47.36/100,000 in 2014. The final sample comprised 1,160 SLE-confirmed pts (mean age: 52 years; females: 84%; baseline CCI range: 1–13). Most (85%) pts were diagnosed with SLE before 2009 SLE disease severity at baseline was classified as mild for 148, moderate for 484, and severe for 528 pts using a combination of International Classification of Diseases-10 GM and medication/procedures codes. Compared with matched controls, SLE pts, overall and those with moderate and severe disease, had significantly greater mean annual medical costs in 2009 (all SLE: €6895 vs. €3,692; moderate SLE: €4867 vs. €3,380; severe SLE: €10 001 vs. €4,239; p<0.0001 for each comparison) and each year thereafter. Mean costs, total number of hospital days, numbers of outpatient visits, hospital stays, and outpatient prescriptions, and other benefits were significantly greater for all pts with SLE and for those with moderate and severe disease vs. matched controls. For example, for pts with severe SLE vs. controls, mean costs for hospital stays, outpatient prescriptions, and other benefits were €4335 vs. €1,414, €2582 vs. €1,087, and €1068 vs. €691, respectively, in 2009. Conclusions In Germany, the economic burden of moderate and severe SLE was greater than that of sociodemographic- and morbidity-adjusted controls between 2009 and 2014. Pts with SLE incurred greater HCRU and total annual medical costs vs. matched controls. HCRU increased with increasing SLE disease severity, with the greatest burden among pts with severe disease. New treatments could reduce HCRU and future costs. Disclosure of Interest E. Hammond Employee of: AstraZeneca, H. Friedel: None declared, E. Garal-Pantaler: None declared, M. Pignot: None declared, E. Velthuis: None declared, X. Wang Employee of: AstraZeneca, H. Nab Employee of: AstraZeneca, B. Desta Employee of: AstraZeneca, A. Schwarting: None declared


We prove a weak local monomialization theorem for germs of morphisms f from X to Y of reduced complex analytic spaces, with the condition that dim X = dim f(X). The precise statement is given in the final section. This gives a "weak" generalization of the local monomialization theorem of an earlier paper of the author to generically finite morphisms of analytic spaces. It is also a generalization (in the local setting) to generically finite morphisms of complex analytic spaces of the weak toroidalizion theorem for morphisms of characteristic zero algebraic varieties of Abramovich and Karu and Abramovich, Denef and Karu.


TRITRAM is a traffic simulator specifically designed for interfacing to an Automatic Traffic Management System (ATMS) in real time. The ability of a simulator to be connected to an ATMS in this way provides a number of advantages: the simulator need not contain any of the ATMS's code, which is usually closely guarded intellectual property of its developer; the function of the ATMS system need not be reproduced, with the attendant difficulties both of needing to redevelop a large and complex software system, without the certainty that the simulation of the ATMS is correct; and all the ATMS's ancillary functions for display and operator control are available. This paper presents an introduction to the TRITRAM simulator, its techniques and examples of how it interfaces to ATMS systems.


Along with the relevant accounting rules promulgated and capital market supervisor intensity strengthened , the transactions among the related parties and their information revealing of listed companies get further criterion.However, whether the price is fair is still the key content of transactions.Because of the complexity of transactions among the related parties , it shows the diversification of their price-made methods.So the paper takes the industrial listed companies for analyzing objects, reviews the price-made methods used in transactions among the related parties and then discusses the reasons for selecting these price-made methods.


The average estimate of future electricity consumption method and system of the present invention provides an electric car, by calculating the historical average power consumption, and use the historical average power consumption of the average estimates of future electricity consumption, able to provide timely and accurate in the future to the driver The average power consumption information. The present invention further provides an electric vehicle remaining range estimation method and system, according to the average power consumption of the future average future power consumption and a remaining capacity of the electric automobile acquisition method and system estimate obtained electric vehicles, electric vehicles obtaining the remaining CONTINUED driving range, can give timely and accurate driver of future average power consumption and remaining range information to facilitate the driver's planned route, select the charge opportunity to acquire the remaining electric vehicle driving range and a saturation processing order inertial filter processing , such that the resulting value of the electric vehicle driving range residual mileage does not occur vertically mutations can truly reflect the residual range in the present case.


In this work, a number of tests were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the vibro-acoustic behavior composite consisting of a biodegradable polymer matrix (polylactid acid) and a filler in the form of natural flax fibers, with a moisture content of 2.03% after drying in 80°C for 4 h. To improve material dampening properties, polylactid acid was plasticized with polyethylene glycol 400 and triethyl citrate. The flax fiber content of the composite was 10, 20, and 30 wt%. Mechanical properties at bending and tensile were performed. For the measurement of vibro-acoustic suppression effectiveness, composite samples have been made to enable installation in the measurement system. The measuring system consisted of an unbalanced axial electric motor, resting on a steel frame placed on vibration suppressor. For comparison, the commercial grade vibration suppressor was used. In order to evaluate the vibration damping of the system by vibration suppressor, vibration engine frame vibration was forced by acceleration of the engine's rotational speed to specific frequencies. It has been proven that the type of the plasticizer used in the composite changes the vibro-acoustic suppression parameter. Also, the length and the weight percentage of the fibers result in lower material damping values.


It is discussed that the purpose of energy conservation of air conditioning second returns air system compared with primary return air system in summer conditions,and how to decrease energy consumption in winter conditions is concluded.The apparatus dew point effect on energy consumption in winter conditions is analyzed.The approach how to decrease energy consumption is advanced eventually.


The paper introduced the electromagnetic multi-parameter borehole Leakage locating instrument about its composition,data calculation process treatment principle,instrument structure,leakage detecting technological process and the field test.


This paper examines how businessmen and educators in Hawai'i have semiotically 'translated' sustainability to promote sustainability practices. Using data gathered from an educational institute that was co-founded by a corporation and a college, I analyse how the source discourse was, using Silverstein's term, 'transformed' so that the target discourse (or the signs used in the target discourse) invokes Hawaiian imageries rather than imageries of capitalism. Analyses reveal that changes to keywords of sustainability occur in a way that shifts possible local interpretations of them as cultural heritage, that is, as something 'of Hawaiian' and not 'of white capitalists'. I argue that this translation effort assisted the concept's transmission by making 'sustainability' an inhabitable category of identity and by providing a model of a future in which locals can participate because it is now interpretable as having been modelled on the narrated past.


Upon high excitation stress, the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 replaces the photosystem II reaction center D1 form 1 (D1:1) with D1 form 2 (D1:2). This replacement is only transient and after acclimation, the cells revert back to D1:1, which seems to be the preferred form in acclimated cells. In the present work we use thermoluminescence to study charge recombination events between the acceptor and donor sides of photosystem II in relation to D1 replacement. The data are interpreted to show that in stress induced D1:2, the redox potential of QB becomes lowered approaching that of QA. The recombination of QA- with the S2 and S3 states did not show any change in their redox characteristics upon D1 shift. It is suggested that the change in redox properties of QB result in altered charge equilibrium in favour of QA. This would increase the probability of recombinations to occur in photosystem II such as of reduced QA and P680+. This would result in non-photochemical quenching by recombining reaction centers thus protecting the cells from photodamage upon excessive excitation. It has been shown before that cells with D1:2 are intrinsically more resistant to excessive excitation than cells with D1:1. We suggest that the lowering of the redox potential of QB gives the reaction centers with D1:2 an increased resistance to high light stress, allowing the necessary time for the cells to acclimate to overcome the stress, e.g. chilling stress through lipid adjustments.


More than proceeding a kind of program training to fulfill the adult's ambition,children's dancing education is a type of educational activity which focus on children's life-long development,quality integrity and personality perfection. To this end,children's dancing education must and have to be realized by the means of improvisational dancing,which demands the executors,the preschool teachers,keep developing their image processing ability and bodily kinesthetic intelligence. In addition,they should strengthen their abilities of observation,analysis,evaluation,support and guidance to children in the process of children's dancing education,continuously arousing children's interest of dancing,helping them feel the basic elements of dancing( including time,space and strength),finally inspiring them to express themselves and create without fear.


This paper describes the developing model of JSPJavaBean and the principle of three layers database of network,analyses the detail of realizing the online examination system and puts forward the corresponding solution,and it can realize all the functions of authenticating users,real time control,forming examination papers randomly,answering questions on-line,grading,storing marks,inquiring about marks,managing exam pool on-line and so on.


Introduction: As part of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) control strategies, entry screening was established at International airports. An assessment of the screening system will inform decision-making for improving entry screening for infectious diseases.


New results and innovative procedures are presented to design nonlinear robust controllers for a class of nonlinear time-varying systems with uncertain parameters and control constraints. The straightforward techniques for designing the robust bounded controllers are developed by utilizing the theoretical foundations of the HamiltonJacobi theory and L yapunov's method. The major contribution is the development of feasible and computationally efficient algorithms to stabilize uncertain nonlinear systems. Various aspects of recent developments concerning robust control and nonlinear optimization are discussed and further researched. Necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality and robust stability are studied. By applying robust design, this paper allows one to solve practical problems in nonlinear robust control and optimization by using nonlinear models with parameter variations and input bounds. To overcome the gap between the theory and its application, two examples are thoroughly studied. Robust ...


The Late Carixian (Ante-Demonense zone) is interrupted by a forced regression documented by a type 1 unconformity. The sedimentologic data are numerous varied and, often, spectacular. They include several types of emersion markers: tidalites, loferites of teepees, desiccation breccias, vadose-pisolites. These figures document erosion (incisions) and karst (widening of desiccation or tectonic fissures) episodes associated with magmatism. It has been followed by a sea-level fall documented by several meters incisions filled by a fluvial sequence (conglomerate, sandstone, argileous and pedogenetic clay with glaebules). After this episode, the platform became uneven and shoals differentiated from more subsiding small umbilics. In this sitting, the "Djorf Touka carbonate Formation" (Middle and Lower Carixian) has been accumulated. The detritical material proves that the platform has partially emerged and formed, at the same time, a sort a nearby palaeogeographic cordillera which has received a strong erosion. This sedimentation suggests, also, a large latitudinal extension of the warm climate and strong contrast of humidity. The initial platform environment marks the beginning of the individualisation of the basins inside of the western Tethys.


Interdisciplinary approaches and distinctive representation methods are needed to expand the range of meaning in the architecture and to consider the design process in unique frameworks. Literature disrupts the static images produced for the city in the context of the imaginative weight and the various dynamics it makes with the reader also uses the city, space, and architecture to create a different dimension of representation. This situation, which is inspected in the article regarding the relationship between literature, city, and architecture, will be examined through the "Laughable Places" workshop, that is part of the e-workshop days held at Gebze Technical University in February 2021. In this sense, firstly the relationship between literature and architecture and the revealing of their potentials are handled through the imaginative, representational and textual dimensions. Than through various workshops where the relationship between fictional narrative and architecture is applied, it is reviewed in which contexts fictional narrative can be included in the intellectual process of design. This review has been grouped according to the method in the workshop setups, using the fictional narrative based on literary works or the writing fictional narratives by participants. The workshop process was interpreted through the hybridity of the two approaches.


The shielding method for locomotive signal cable and the earthing modes for virous shielded leads are presented. The best way of earthing is that the shielded leads are connected to the common ports of amplifiers.


The paper herewith presents findings from the third stage of the Second International Technology in Education Study (SITES2006), conducted between the years 2005-2007 as a survey of schools and teachers. The study was aimed to identify ICT-related pedagogical practices in mathematics and science in lower secondary Grade 8 level. This was achieved using an online data collection system. Results indicated that Israeli school principals in all sectors believe in the importance of ICT implementation in science and technology. However, although the student/computer ratio has improved, Israeli schools still hold a ratio higher than the aspired 1:10. As for ICT implementation in mathematics and science, these teachers rarely use information technology in their lessons, compared to their peers worldwide. Also, ICT usage does not facilitate innovative pedagogical paradigms; rather, it perpetuates traditional teaching and learning. This contradicts their attitudes, according to which ICT empowers their teaching abilities and promotes affective teaching and learning. Conclusions indicate several factors involved in ICT implementation in the two mentioned disciplines, depicting a complex reality, in which the gap between attitudes and practice requires special attention of Israeli policymakers.


Vigano A, Saresella M, Trabattoni D, et al. J Pediatr . 2004;145:542–548

Growth hormone (GH) plays a role in thymic function, and decreased hormone secretion has been reported in HIV-infected children. Highly active antiretroviral therapy suppresses HIV replication and results in increases in CD4+ T cells in HIV-infected patients. The aim of this study was to determine if the level of immune reconstitution associated with antiretroviral therapy is influenced by the …


The ability to identify bird species on a large scale can provide vital information about our ecosystems and biodiversity [1]. The quantity and composition of bird species can reflect regional ecological environment and indicate the health of changing ecosystems [2]. However, recognition of a large number of species based on song audio has proven to be challenging. In recent years, deep learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been successfully applied in many arenas of science [3] and provided efficient methodologies, such as pattern recognition, object detection in images [3, 4], and classification of patterns in audios [5] and speech recognition. In this CS230 project, we utilized the bird song audio spectrogram data-set provided by the Biology department of Stanford and created a machine learning model that can identify four types of bird species with as high as 0.886 F1 dev score.


In this paper,research advances in modification of epoxy resins by nano-particles are systematically surveyed.The properties and surface treatment technique of inorganic nano-particle are mainly introduced.Preparation methods of nanocomposites and curing dynamics of nanocomposites are analyzed.Quantity and action mechanism of the epoxy resin-based nano-composite materials are also discussed.Finally,some problems exists in the present research were pointed out and a brief comment on their development was given.


Improving the sand and dust storms monitoring capability can provide early warning information for sandstorms, and effectively improve the PV power prediction accuracy under sand and dust storms weather. In this paper, a hybrid model dust monitoring method based on a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (CNN) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network is proposed. Using the normalized difference dust index (NDDI), CNN model, and 1DCNN-LSTM hybrid model, combined with the number four meteorological satellite (FY-4A). The channel scanning imaging radiometer AGRI (Advanced Geostationary Radiation Imager) data is used to monitor and study the sand and dust storms of the Taklimakan Desert in southern Xinjiang. The results show that the NDDI dust index established by images at different times needs to take different thresholds to identify the dust area. There are misidentifications in the coverage area as well as in the desert area. The sand and dust storms monitoring model established based on CNN network and 1DCNN-LSTM network, the accuracy (Accuracy) and loss function (Loss) of training samples and test samples are 99.9% and 1%, respectively, which has strong sand and dust storms monitoring capabilities. In practical applications, the 1DCNN-LSTM model is better than the CNN model in processing the boundary between sand and non-sand dust. In addition, the 1DCNN-LSTM model can also more accurately identify sand and dust storms in the case of a small amount of cloud occlusion area.


A variable mesh finite difference scheme for a class of parabolic differential equations which exhibit shock-like structures is developed. It is shown that a properly chosen variable mesh will yield results comparable in accuracy to one using a much finer uniform mesh. Computable criteria and schemes for generating such variable meshes are given. A scheme is then applied to the Burgers' and modified Burgers' equations with a small viscosity. Excellent agreement is obtained with known exact solutions.


Biogas (biomethane) production is achieved through digestion of solid waste by anaerobic bacteria (methanogenic bacteria) in an air tied environment or closed system called biodigester or bioreactor. Biogas primarily is methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2) and hydrogen sulphide (H2S). The gases methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide (CO) can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen. This energy release allows biogas to be used as a fuel. Three biodigesters were designed, first is loaded with caw done and water (1dm + 1dm3), second is loaded with solid waste and water (1,5dm3 + 0,5dm) and the third is loaded with cow dung and biotech culture (2dm) labelled as Control-K. After homogeneity and stabilization period (4-12 days) biogas production was registered from each biodigester, the slurry (liquid content) were collected and used as liquid fertilizer. In a nutshell, organic waste was recycled into biogas (biomethane) and liquid fertilizer. Index Term: Biodigester, Biomethane, biomass, Energy, Organic waste.


Multilabel classification is an extension of conventional classification in which a single instance can be associated with multiple labels. Recent research has shown that, just like for standard classification, instance-based learning algorithms relying on the nearest neighbor estimation principle can be used quite successfully in this context. In this paper, we propose a new instance-based approach to multilabel classification, which is based on calibrated label ranking, a recently proposed framework that unifies multilabel classification and label ranking. Within this framework, instance-based prediction is realized is the form of MAP estimation, assuming a statistical distribution called the Mallows model.


Received 26 December 2007; accepted 28 December 2007; electronically published 17 March 2008. Reprints or correspondence: Dr. Bruce Y. Lee, Dept. of Medicine and Biomedical Informatics, Section of Decision Sciences and Clinical Systems Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Meyran Ave., Rm. 217, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (firstname.lastname@example.com). Clinical Infectious Diseases 2008; 46:1139–41 2008 by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. 1058-4838/2008/4608-0002$15.00 DOI: 10.1086/529441 Antibiotic selection has become complicated. Gone are the days when you only needed to search a small book, such as the Sanford Guide to Antimicrobial Therapy [1], to find the appropriate antibiotic. Today, the right antibiotic may depend on your patient, other patients in the vicinity of your patient, your patient's insurance, your hospital, your hospital's formulary, your city, the time of year, and many other factors [2–6]. Some antimicrobial decisions require one to serve as part physician, part epidemiologist, part economist, part pharmacist, part historian, and part sociologist. With limited time in which to see each patient and to make decisions, juggling all of these roles is challenging for even the most multitalented physicians. When decisions are complicated and are subject to rapidly changing conditions, computer models can help. Many other industries have long used computer models to facilitate decision making. If automobile manufacturing, building construction, air traffic control, financial planning, and meteorological forecasting did not use computer simulation, we would surely see many more accidents, wasted investments, and other mishaps. Why should antimicrobial therapy decisions be different? The stakes are potentially very high. Improper choices can lead to morbidity, mortality, and significant costs and even have the potential to change the long-term infectious disease ecosystem [7, 8]. Why not use all of the techniques at our disposal? Consequently, we need more computer decision models, such as the macrolide model presented by Daneman et al. [9] in this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases. Their model analyzes how the local prevalence of macrolide resistance affects the choice of using a macrolide to treat community-acquired pneumonia. This represents an important advance, because most antibiotic prescribing mandates, to date, have been based on expert opinion [10– 13]. Without computer models, even the most knowledgeable experts have limitations. Experts often rely on their personal experience and retrospective data review. Depending exclusively on past data and experience to understand the present and to predict the future is dangerous. A decade or two ago, how many could fully predict the economic and epidemiologic conditions that we face today? Although computer models vary in complexity, generalizability, and applicability, general principles guide the construction, interpretation, and use of all antibiotic decision models. Understanding these principles precludes their misinterpretation and misuse. The relative strengths and flaws of the macrolide model help to illustrate the following general principles. Perfection is not the goal. No antibiotic research study is perfect. Even a well-designed, randomized, controlled trial has many shortcomings. Similarly, every computer model simplifies real life situations and incorporates many assumptions. When considering a computer model, the temptation often is to discard the model completely once any flaws are identified. However, a flawed model is usually better than no model, as long as the flaws are understood, and the model still provides useful information. Daneman et al. [9] clearly acknowledge the limitations of their model. Nonetheless, their model remains superior to any other currently available model. Moreover, the model's imperfections raise pertinent questions that can be used to guide future research and policymaking. For example, the model does not show how the availability of different alternative therapies may affect optimal macrolide use, which is an issue that future studies may explore. The model also exposes the general limitations of the data, which leads us to the next principle. Consider but do not obsess over the


A nonexistence theorem is given for radially symmetric solutions which decay rapidly to zero at infinity On donne un theoreme de non-existence pour les solutions a symetrie radiale decroissant rapidement vers zero a l'infini


The research problem was the low Grab Start ability in Swimming Pool Athletes Tirta Kaluang Padang. This research is a correlational study which aims to determine how much the contribution between the explosive power of leg muscles and leg length to Grab Start Ability In Swimming Pool Athletes Tirta Kaluang Padang Association.
This research is included in the type of correlational research. The population in this study were Swiming Pool Athletes Tirta Kaluang Athletes Association totaling 25 people. Sampling in this study was carried out by purposive sampling technique. So, the sample in this study was 12 people. Data is collected using measurements on all three variables. The variable grab start ability is measured by the grab start ability test, the variable explosive power of leg muscle is measured by a standing broad jump test and the variable leg length is measured by the Leg Length Test. Data were analyzed using product moment.
The results of the data analysis were obtained: (1) From the results of the Explosion Power of leg muscle has a significant contribution to the grab start ability athletes at the Swiming Pool Athletes Tirta Kaluang Athletes Association, marked by From the results obtained, the leg length has a significant contribution to the grab start athletes at the Swiming Pool Athletes Tirta Kaluang Athletes Association, marked by the results obtained by tcount = 3.19> t table = 1,833 and contribute as much as 50%. (3) There is a significant contribution together between Leg Muscle Explosion Power and Leg Length to the Capability of Tirta Kaluang Pool Athletes' grab start ability, marked by the results obtained by Fcount = 10.19> Ftable = 4.26 and make a contribution as hard as 69%.


Aim: To study of visual functions with multifocal versus monofocal intraocular lenses after phacoemulsification in patients with age-related cataract. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology,Aiims,Patna, Bihar, India, for 18 months Patients between 40-80 years reporting with cataract (less than grade 3), managed by phacoemulsification and willing for implantation of multifocal IOLs and having astigmatism less than 1.5D cylinder were included in the study. Group A underwent phacoemulsification with multifocal [refractive-diffractive design] IOL implantation. Group B underwent phacoemulsification with monofocal IOL implantation Results: The mean age of the study population in group 1 was 60.8±8.47 year and group 2 was 65.97±8.56 year. The majority of the patients in both the groups were between 55-65 years of age (group 1-42% and group 2-50%). On post-operative day 1, the UCVA was found to be 6/12 in 14 patients (28%), 6/9 in 11patients (22%), 6/18 in 10 patients (20%), 6/24 in 9 patients (18%) while 6/6 in 6 patients (12%) while in monofocal it was 6/9 in 21 patients (42%) and 6/12 in 16 patients (32%) while 6/18 in 7 patients (14%) and 6/6 in 6 patients (12%). At the last follow-up, there were 22 patients (44%) with 6/9 vision, 17 patients (34%) with 6/12, and 11 patients with 6/6 vision while in monofocal group 26 patients (52%) had 6/12 vision, 18 patients (36%) had 6/9 vision while only 6patients (12%) had 6/6 vision. There was no significant change in the near visual acuity in the monofocal group with 37 patients (74%) with N18 visual acuity, 8 patients (16%) with N12 and 2 patient (4%) with N24 visual acuity, thus showing there was paramount statistical significance between the groups with p-value higher than 0.05. In monofocal group at last follow-up 37 patients (74%) had N24 visual acuity, 11 patients (22%) had N18 visual acuity and only 2 patient with N10 visual acuity. Thus, showing there was paramount statistical significance between the groups with p-value higher than 0.05. In the multifocal group (Group 1), on day 1 the mean contrast sensitivity as assessed by the Pelli-robson chart was 1.31±0.39 which was lower as compared to the mean contrast sensitivity in the monofocal group (Group 2) which was 2.22±0.06, thus, the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: Mutifocal IOLs decrease the spectacle dependence of patients without compromising the subjective visual functions. Introduction Since the implantation of the first intraocular lens (IOL), attempts have been directed toward improvement of visual outcomes of cataract surgery. Loss of accommodation is inevitable with conventional monofocal IOLs and the first attempt to overcome this limitation was pseudophakic monovision. Despite some reports of acceptable spectacle-free near and far visual acuity in more than half of the patients with monovision, this method may be European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (EJMCM) ISSN: 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 11, 2020 8039 associated with problems in stereo acuity, contrast sensitivity and dominance. Multifocal IOLs were designed to overcome the lack of accommodation in pseudophakic patients. However, optical side effects, such as decreased contrast sensitivity, glare disability, and halos, have been reported in eyes with these IOLs. In order to avoid the optical side effects of multifocal IOLs, accommodating IOLs were designed. The first developed and marketed accommodating IOLs were positional and had two main types; single optic and dual optic. Single optic IOLs are based on axial (backward and forward) movement of the optic resulting from contraction and relaxation of the ciliary muscle, increasing the effective power of the IOL and thereby providing near focus. Several single-optic IOL models have been developed, such as the Crystalens (Bausch and Lomb, NY, USA), 1 CU (Human Optics AG, Erlangen, Germany) Tetraflex (Lenstec, FL, USA), and TekClear(Tekia, CA, USA). The plate style single optic accommodating IOL Crystalens HD is designed to be implanted within the capsular bag and is made from third generation silicone (Biosil) which unlike other IOL materials does not have internal reflectivity. It has a central bi-aspheric modification to increase depth of focus and provide better intermediate and near vision. According to the manufacturer, the IOL has a double mechanism to improve near visual function; first, axial movement of the optic which occurs with ciliary muscle changes and second, the radius of curvature of the anterior surface (arching optic) which varies with accommodative effort. A number of studies have shown better visual and accommodative results with this lens as compared to standard monofocal IOLs. Tekia TekClear is another single optic accommodating hydrophilic acrylic IOL with symmetric optic design, ultraviolet blocker and square edge design which has been approved for treatment of presbyopia by the European Commission since 2006. Near focus is achieved by anterior movement of the optic by ciliary muscle contraction during accommodative effort. Material and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, AIIMS, Patna, Bihar, India, for 18 months, after taking the approval of the protocol review committee and institutional ethics committee. Inclusion criteria The present prospective clinical study was conducted on 100 eyes of patients reporting to outpatient services of our tertiary eye care health institute in North India, with decreased vision due to age related cataract for cataract surgery and intraocular lens implantation. Patients between 40-80 years reporting with cataract (less than grade 3), managed by phacoemulsification and willing for implantation of multifocal IOLs and having astigmatism less than 1.5D cylinder were included in the study. Exclusion criteria Patients with age less than 40 years, professional drivers or mentally retarded, having a precataract myopia or hyperopia of 3D or more, history of amblyopia, fundus abnormalities that could cause significant vision impairment, previous surgical intraocular procedures and ocular comorbidities, such as previous trauma, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, pseudoexfoliation syndrome, chronic uveitis and corneal opacities, were all excluded from the study. Intra operative exclusion criteria included iris pupillary trauma, vitreous loss and inability to place the IOL in the capsular bag. Post-operative exclusion criteria included persistent corneal oedema, excessive post operative inflammation and absent fundal glow. Detailed pre operative history regarding age, sex, type of cataract, history of trauma and any associated ocular or systemic diseases having effect on vision was recorded. European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine (EJMCM) ISSN: 2515-8260 Volume 07, Issue 11, 2020 8040 Patients were subjected to complete ocular examination which included visual acuity on Snellen's chart for distant, intermediate and near vision, refraction for recording BCVA, applanation tonometry, slit lamp examination with both dilated and undilated pupil, fundus examination using indirect ophthalmoscopy and slit lamp biomicrocopy, keratometry using Bausch and Laumb keratometer, biometry and lens power calculation using SRK-T and SRKII formula was done. Informed and written consent was taken and patients were divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A underwent phacoemulsification with multifocal [refractive-diffractive design] IOL implantation. Group B underwent phacoemulsification with monofocal IOL implantation All patients underwent phacoemulsification with IOL implantation performed by a single surgeon and only aspheric of IOLs were implanted in both groups to ensure proper matching of the groups. Patients were followed up on post-operative days 1,10,40,70 and 100 and evaluated for unaided distance, intermediate and near visual acuity. Contrast sensitivity was recorded on the Pelli robson chart. Glare/haloes were reported using the typE questionnaire. The 'glare, haloes and rings around lights' were quantified into 0-4 as per the type questionnaire, where 'not at all' scores 0, 'a little bit' scores 1, 'moderately' scores 2, 'quite a bit' scores 3 and extremely scores 4. Results The mean age of the study population in group 1 was 60.8±8.47 year and group 2 was 65.97±8.56 year. The majority of the patients in both the groups were between 55-65 years of age (group 1-42% and group 2-50%). In multifocal group (group -1), the number of female patients were more as compared to male patients, thus difference among the two groups was not statistically significant, the p-value being 0.131(>0.05). On post-operative day 1, the UCVA was found to be 6/12 in 14 patients (28%), 6/9 in 11patients (22%), 6/18 in 10 patients (20%), 6/24 in 9 patients (18%) while 6/6 in 6 patients (12%) while in monofocal it was 6/9 in 21 patients (42%) and 6/12 in 16 patients (32%) while 6/18 in 7 patients (14%) and 6/6 in 6 patients (12%). At the last follow-up, there were 22 patients (44%) with 6/9 vision, 17 patients (34%) with 6/12, and 11 patients with 6/6 vision while in monofocal group 26 patients (52%) had 6/12 vision, 18 patients (36%) had 6/9 vision while only 6patients (12%) had 6/6 vision (Table 1). However, both at first post-operative day and last follow-up the two group's visual acuity was found to be statistically insignificant with p-value less than 0.05. Post-operatively at day 1, 12 patients (24%) had visual acuity of N10, also the same number had N18 visual acuity while 8 patients (16%) had N6 and N8 visual acuity, only 2 patients had N12 visual acuity while 2 patient (4%) had N24 and N36, but later at the last follow-up there were 17 patients (34%) with visual acuity N6, 17 patients (34%) with N8, 8 patients (16%) with N12, 6 patients (12%) with N10 and only 2 patient (4%) with N18 visual acuity, thus si


Objective To compare effects of sufentanil and dexamethasone on the action of ropivacaine.Methods 90 patients were randomly allocated into three groups with 30 cases each in a double-blinded method.Guided by a nerve stimulator,lumbar plexus combined sciatic nerve block was performed with 1%ropivacaine 20mL plus normal saline(NS) 30ml in group I,1%ropivacaine 20mL plus sufentanil 20 g(2mL) and normal saline(NS) 28mL in group II,or 1%ropivacaine 20mL plus dexamethasone 10mg and normal saline(NS) 28mL in group III,so as to observe the each target.Results The durations of sensory and motor blockade in group I were lumbar plexus(7.9±3.6,5.9±3.4)h and sciatic nerve(8.2±3.5,6.6±3.2)h,respectively,which were significantly shorter than(15.1±2.4,10.2±3.5)h and(16.3±2.7,11.7±3.8)h in group II and(23.6±4.2,14.7±5.6)h and(23.3±2.4,14.1±5.1)h in group III(P 0.01).The durations of sensory and motor blockade in group II were significantly shorter than group III(P 0.01).The postoperative sufentanil consumption and PCA button press times in group I were more than that of group II and group III(P 0.05) at 48h after operation.Conclusion Sufentanil 0.4 g·mL-1 and 0.2mg·mL-1 dexamethasone significantly prolonged the action of ropivacaine in lumbar plexus combined sciatic nerve block and dexamethasone prolonged the action of ropivacaine more than that of sufentanil.


The influence of pH, competitor ions (NaNO3) and aerobic and anaerobic stabilization of activated sludge on the cadmium uptake by activated sludge solids was investigated. Above 0.08 mg L‐1 cadmium in solution, biosorption was found to follow the Freundlich isotherm. Active cellular uptake of soluble cadmium does not appear to be a significant mechanism of the biosorption. In addition, the cadmium uptake is not completely reversible. The adsorption of cadmium by activated sludge seems to involve a physico‐chemical mechanism with especially weak electrostatic interactions with ion‐exchange reaction. The optimum adsorption pH was 7.5. Adsorption is influenced by sodium ion concentrations up to an equivalent conductivity of 10 000 μS cm‐1. Aerobic and anaerobic stabilization of activated sludge increase systematically the initial adsorption capacities. Respirometric measurements were done to evaluate the inhibitive effects of cadmium on activated sludge. Monod's equation and the equation of non‐competitive inhibition were used to describe the toxicity related to cadmium uptake. These two equations appear to be complementary.


In this genetic-fuzzy based Generalized Dimension Exchange (GDE) method is proposed to uniformly distribute the unprecedented Web cluster workload. Fuzzy set theory is used to capture the vagueness of the workload during redistribution period. Fuzzy set theory is used to capture the vagueness of the workload during redistribution period. According to the experts' subjective evaluations, a fuzzy inference system is established to aggregate the fuzzy web performance metrics into a so-called load-weight index which indicates the servers workload intensity. Based on the load-weight index, the genetic-fuzzy algorithm is applied to equally redistribute the workload among in the servers. Finally, a simulation of 20 load-weight indices in a topology of 3-cube form Web cluster is implemented to illustrate the functionality of the proposed method.


We model a firm in an institutional market setting, consisting of a production technology and its governance. The governance consists of a hierarchical firm structure, a cost efficiency parameter,and an internal pay system. The depth of the firm is determined by profit maximization under the participation restriction that lowest wages meet reservation wages. Reservation wages are endogenously determined in the institutional market economy. We give conditions guaranteeing a finite optimal firm size. Using CES-production technologies we illustrate how firm size depends on labor substitutability, and show that a linear technology yields the deepest structure and a complementary the flattest structure.


This chapter in a collection of essays entitled 'Chaucer and Religion' describes how non-clerical audiences in late 14th-century England accessed biblical knowledge and their level of understanding of the Bible.


War is an exogenous shock – allowing opportunities for vast changes in the political landscape or solidifying changes underway. War played a significant role as a catalyst that moved France (and then other countries in Europe) toward citizen armies in the nineteenth century. This was an important military change, but it also proved important for democracy. The citizen army as a recruitment practice in democracies both reflected democratic principles and was supportive of democratic practices. War, however, was also important in pushing the United States (joined by Britain and other European states) toward a vast privatization of military and security services in the 1990s, something that is increasingly affecting policy options in the western world. These changes are far less supportive of democratic practices in the United States and may lay permissive conditions for undemocratic policies in states more broadly. In each of these change episodes, war not only served as a catalyst but also as a screening device. The perception that the new citizen army contributed to French victory in the Napoleonic Wars strengthened the belief that citizen armies were more effective and aided their spread, and the perception that privatized military force has been effective has similarly made it an attractive solution to short-handed militaries around the globe.


The role of ion flux in Si(100) nanostructuring by normal-incidence Ar+ ion sputtering has been studied. The measured relationships of the Si lateral dot size versus ion flux, the surface roughness versus ion flux, and the surface roughness versus sample temperature with ion fluxes of 20 and 380 µA cm−2 all indicate that the value of the ion flux is decisive for the validity of the Bradley–Harper (BH) model in the nanostructuring of semiconductor single crystals. In this work, for Ar+ ion sputtering of Si(100) with ion energy of 1.5 keV, it is found that only beyond ∼220 µA cm−2 is the BH model well applicable, while below that the Ehrlich–Schwoebel (ES) one tends to be involved. Our results suggest that the ES barrier effect is negligible under relatively high flux conditions, while it is substantial in the case of relatively low flux; for the BH model, the situation is just the reverse. Hence, caution should be exercised as regards the value of the ion flux when one tries to tune the semiconductor nanodot size following the BH model.


of Roman impact due to a fundamental disanalogy between Rome and Israel (390–93). Specifically, Roman and Jewish definitions of peoplehood differed. For the Romans, a populus or people was characterized by civic institutions; it was a legal status, as distinct from membership in a natio or gens which was based on genealogical descent or ethnicity. To be a Roman was first and foremost to be a citizen. By contrast, the Biblical legacy inherited by late ancient Jews contained two models of membership in the people Israel: the genealogical model (Israel as the people descended from Abraham) and the covenantal model (Israel as the people united by a common law given at Sinai). The disanalogy might be seen as reducing the chance of any significant impact, but Berthelot demonstrates that it simply makes the impact more complex. In what may be the strongest chapter in the book, Berthelot shows how the two models of Jewish group membership facilitated the adaptation of diverse Roman techniques for integrating non-members into the Jewish people. The covenantal model, which conceived of newcomers as receiving citizenship, made possible the adaptation of Roman practices around enfranchisement (for example, citizenship for manumitted slaves). The genealogical model, which conceived of newcomers as joining the "family" or clan, made possible the adaptation of Roman practices around adoption. Berthelot's nuanced and careful untangling of these dueling models and their associated legal fictions is one of the most illuminating and innovative sections of the book. She offers an important corrective to earlier scholarship by arguing that rabbinic conversion is not best understood as a response to one or the other Roman model (enfranchisement vs. adoption) but to both. I would simply add that Berthelot's proposal that the rabbis' borrow two (Roman) legal instruments for the acquisition of membership in Israel—one that focuses on the transition to freedom (manumission) and one that focuses on the transition to sonship (adoption)—is supported by Paul's use of the same tropes to describe those who enter the community of the faithful. Paul sometimes likens the Christ-follower to a free person in contrast to a slave (Rom 6.6–14 and 7.16) and sometimes to a son also in contrast to a slave (Gal 4.4–7 and Romans 8.15; see Berthelot, 421–24), evidence that first-century Jewish writers traded in these Roman conceptual and legal oppositions in the context of group membership. Jews and their Roman Rivals is a brilliant book written by a consummate historian who combines vision and imagination with caution and old-fashioned spadework. This hefty volume marks a significant advance for scholars of late ancient Judaism in the Roman period and will be the gold standard for years to come.


this This paper discusses morphological, syntactic, and semantic properties of Portuguese modal verbs. Following the assumptions from Generative Grammar, this casestudy approaches two very important issues for the characterization of modal verbs, having to do withwhich concern their both either homonymic or polysemic status. By reanalyzing the "lexical" counterpart of these verbs as well as their "auxiliary" side, the present work claims that there is only a lexical entry for dever and poder and that the properties of their structure and interpretation depend on the syntax, not on the lexicon. Hence, this paper argues for a MODAL category, not as a descriptive label, but as a grammar prime, and shows the both empirical and theoretical consequences of this proposal.


To promote and sustain the future of our society, the most critical challenge of contemporary software engineering and cloud computing experts are related to the efficient integration of emerging cloudification and DevOps practices in the development and testing processes of modern systems. In this context, we argue that SBST can play a critical role in improving testing practices and automating the verification and validation (V&V) of cloudification properties of Cloud Native Applications (CNA). Hence, in this paper, we focus on the untouched side of SBST in the cloud field, by discussing (1) the testing challenges in the cloud research field and (2) summarizing the recent contributions of SBST in supporting development practices of CNA. Finally, we discuss the emerging research topics characterizing the cloudification perspectives of SBST in the cloud field.


Environmental impact analyses are routinely undertaken when large engineering projects such as coastal restoration are undertaken. Traditionally, these involve detailed predictions of impacts that will occur to the physical and ecological components of the area of impact. In the case examined in this study, a series of projects have been proposed for restoring the barrier islands at the outer edge of the Louisiana coast with the goal of reducing wetland loss and breaking the force of storm surges in what we have referred to as the shoreline protection zone or SPZ. As is usual for environmental restoration projects, detailed predictions have been made of the ecological consequences for the no-action scenario and for various other restoration scenarios involving attempts to protect the SPZ. However, unlike traditional environmental impact analyses, which give only very terse predictions and descriptions of the likely impacts to the human activities and communities near a particular restoration project, in the current effort we have attempted to do a more thorough social impact assessment of the human activities present within the area that would be affected by whichever scenario occurs. As part of this research, we have also identified a smaller, particularly vulnerable area-the Barataria/Terrebonne Estuary System (BTES)-to describe in even more detail the human activities present there. The BTES is also the focus of a companion manuscript by Lindstedt in this issue; Lindstedt describes the renewable natural resources in this smaller area that are also at extreme risk. After a general description of the natural environment in the SPZ, there follows a detailed analysis of the human activities inside the SPZ within five general categories: (1) population and housing; (2) public infrastructure; (3) oil and gas infrastructure, production, and related economic impacts; (4) transportation infrastructure and related economic impacts; and (5) water management infrastructure.


It is an interesting problem to construct variations of Hodge structure (VHS) of geometric origin over Hermitian symmetric domains. The case of abelian varieties was studied by Shimura, Mumford and their collaborators during 1960's. For instance, abelian varieties with PEL-structures (polarization, endomorphism ring and level structure) are parametrized by certain arithmetic quotients of Hermitian symmetric domains (i.e. connected Shimura varieties). Here we are interested in the case of Calabi-Yau manifolds. Known examples of Calabi-Yau manifolds parameterized by Hermitian symmetric domains include those constructed in [23], [2], [16], [17] and [8]. Abstractly, we consider unconstrained VHS of Calabi-Yau (CY) type over Hermitian symmetric domains (called Hermitian VHS of CY type), which are induced by equivariant, holomorphic, horizontal embeddings of Hermitian symmetric domains into the classifying spaces of Hodge structures of CY type. These have been studied by Gross [11] (the tube domain case) and by Sheng and Zuo [19] (the non-tube domain case). Based on their work, Friedman and Laza [5] classify Hermitian R-VHS of CY type. Specifically, over every irreducible Hermitian symmetric domain D, there exists a canonical R-VHS of CY type which corresponds to the minimal cominuscule representation (c.f. [5] Definition 2.5) associated to the domain; any other


Despite enormous progress made in reconciling and simplifying semantic standards, industry-strength models are still few. In this work, we describe our challenges and approach in building semantic models for consumption in assembling large IT solutions in cyber-physical (Smarter Cities) domains. The result, called SCRIBE, is a large-scale semantic model for Smarter Cities based on data gathered from cities worldwide. We will discuss the design tradeoffs, designer/user experience, and some of the pragmatic challenges related to a model that integrates large, complex, heterogeneous data sources.


Wildfire risk assessment has traditionally been carried out using models based on meteorological parameters measured at spatially sparse weather stations. Remote sensing techniques can offer a cost effective way of esimating the required parameters such as fuel moisture and fuel temperature in near-real time. Moreover remote sensing can provide wide area coverage and thus circumvent errors introduced due to spatial interpolations of weather station data. In this paper we present a new remote sensing based Fire Susceptibility Index (FSI) based on the susceptibility of the underlying live fuel to burn. The proposed index is based on the concept of heat energy of pre-ignition and thus allows a physical meaning to be associated to the index values. Heat energy of pre-ignition is the heat energy required to bring a fuel from its current temperature to ignition temperature and can be estimated as the heat required in evaporating the moisture content plus the heat required to raise the temperature of the dry fuel to ignition temperature. The computation of the index requires inputs of fuel temperature and fuel moisture content, both of which can be estimated using remote sensing techniques. While MODIS surface temperature is used as a proxy for fuel temperature, fuel moisture is estimated by a linear regression technique utilizing the correlation between ground observations and the ratio of normalized difference vegetation index and surface temperature. Results are shown for the Georgia region during the spring and summer months of 2004.


A relative internal combustion engine does not have the function of suppressing the ignition timing control knocking readily provide an ignition timing control device and an ignition timing control system enables to suppress ignition timing control knocking about. An ignition timing control device (31), the knocking detection device (41), the knocking detection device (41) knocking signal and an external electronic control unit output from the detecting knocking of an internal combustion engine (1) ( inputs the signal regarding the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine to be output (1) from 37), the ignition timing adjustment device for adjusting the ignition timing of the internal combustion engine (1) based on a signal relating to the ignition timing knocking signal (43 ) and a. The ignition timing control device (31), the knocking detection device (41) and the ignition timing adjustment device (43), but with and is electrically connected, it is formed integrally. .The


The United States remains plagued by racial, ethnic, gender, socioeconomic, and other inequities from which medicine, science, and medical publishing are not immune. At HSS Journal, we have taken the step of organizing a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) Committee of members of our editorial board. As committee chair (L.A.B), editor-in-chief (C.N.C.), and managing editor (J.J.) of the journal, we recognize that the need for change remains urgent: studies have shown that minority patients experience disparate health outcomes in general and in orthopedics specifically [1,6,7,13,15]. Reducing such disparities in health and health care requires a careful, dedicated, and aggressive restructuring of systems, mindsets, and cultures; indeed, DEI efforts in medical research are important because they allow physicians and other clinicians to better understand and serve patients [14], to spotlight emerging trends in disparities, and to intervene before harmful trends become solidified [1]. DEI efforts within orthopedic surgery are especially important, given the field's persisting lack of gender, racial, and ethnic diversity in its workforce [3,8–11] and resulting health inequities [1]. Promotion of DEI in the fields concerned with musculoskeletal health will ultimately provide patients with greater access to the high-quality talent that is characteristic of diverse and inclusive workforces. Unfortunately, the world of scholarly journal publishing is not exempt from such inequities. A recent survey of editors at 25 leading medical and scientific journals found that more than 75% were white [12], and a study of the 15 highest-impact orthopedic journals found that women constituted just 9% of their editorial boards [5]. Our publisher, SAGE, has signed on as a partner in the Coalition for Diversity and Inclusion in Scholarly Communications, which was founded in 2017 in acknowledgment that scholarly publications are "truly a global enterprise yet that diversity is not reflected in our collective demographics" [2]. At HSS Journal, our DEI Committee has based our DEI strategy on 4 pillars intended to organize our commitment as editors, board members, and reviewers. The 4 pillars direct us to become more able, active, attentive, and accountable (the four A's) in reaching our DEI goals and to better serve readers and authors. We aim to do the following to advance DEI at our journal.


- This study investigates the attenuation characteristics of GSM (2G, 3G, and 4G) frequencies, which is important for the determination of coverage areas in the forest. Some theoretical models from the literature were studied and simulated. The loss and electrical field of the transmitted signal were measured in the woodland of Sakarya. Our results were compared with the literature and experimental datagood agreement was found


As part of an ongoing study assessing homologous and heterologous booster vaccines, following primary EUA series, we assessed neutralization of D614G and Omicron variants prior to and 28 days after boost. Subset analysis was done in six combinations (N = 10/group): four homologous primary-booster combinations included mRNA-1273 two-dose priming followed by boosting with 100-g or 50-g mRNA-1273, Ad26.COV2.S single-dose priming followed by Ad26.COV2.S booster and BNT162b2 two-dose priming followed by BNT162b2 boosting; and two heterologous primary-booster combinations: BNT162b2 followed by Ad26.COV2.S and Ad26.COV2.S followed by BNT162b2. Neutralizing antibody (Nab) titers to D614G on the day of boost (baseline) were detected in 85-100% of participants, with geometric mean titers (GMT) of 71-343 in participants who received an mRNA vaccine series versus GMTs of 35-41 in participants primed with Ad26.OV2.S. Baseline NAb titers to Omicron were detected in 50-90% of participants who received an mRNA vaccine series (GMT range 12.8-24.5) versus 20-25% among participants primed with Ad26.COV2.S. The booster dose increased the neutralizing GMT in most combinations to above 1000 for D614G and above 250 for Omicron by Day 29. Homologous prime-boost Ad26.COV2.S had the lowest NAb on Day 29 (D614G GMT 128 and Omicron GMT 45). Results were similar between age groups. Most homologous and heterologous boost combinations examined will increase humoral immunity to the Omicron variant.


Background: High blood pressure is an under-diagnosed condition and it damages the body with no or only mild symptoms. In Pakistan 19% people of age 15 or above suffer from high blood pressure. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of high blood pressure among apparently healthy population.
 Methodology: It was a cross-sectional study, conducted from May 2009 to September 2009, at Dow University of Health Sciences, Ojha Campus, Karachi. With convenient sampling technique, the total study population was 124 with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The employees of the University, both faculty and supporting staff, who were not known cases of high blood pressure, and who consented to participate, were included in the study.
 Results: The hypertensives found were 11(9%) and 8(6.5%) were in the pre-hypertension category. There was no difference of normal BP among faculty and supporting staff (84.8% and 84.2% respectively). Four (3.2%) study subjects were going for regular walk, and they were normotensive. The smokers were 15(12%), and all the 5 smokers among 15 of more than 10 years' duration were having high BP.
 Conclusion: A substantial number of study population did not have idea of having high BP, a vast majority was having sedentary life-style. There is need to promote awareness regarding hypertension and its risk factors and a healthy lifestyle.


The presence of a wide areal extent of small-sized village reservoirs offers a considerable potential for the development of culture-based fisheries (CBFs) in Sri Lanka. To this end, this study uses geographical information systems (GISs) and remote sensing (RS) techniques to determine the morphometric and biological characteristics most useful for classifying non-perennial reservoirs for CBF development and for assessing the influence of catchment land-use patterns on potential CBF yields. The reservoir shorelines at full water supply level were mapped with a Global Positioning System to determine shoreline length and reservoir areal extent. The ratio of shoreline length to reservoir extent, which was reported to be a powerful predictor variable of CBF yields, could be reliably quantified using RS techniques. The areal extent of reservoirs, quantified with RS techniques (RS extent), was used to estimate the ratio of forest cover plus scrubland cover to RS extent and was found to be significantly related to the CBF yield (R 2 = 0.400; P < 0.05). The results of this study indicated that morphometric characteristics and catchment land-use patterns, which might be viewed as indices of biological productivity, can be quantified using RS and GIS techniques.


The article deals with the problem of forming an effective approach to modeling of integral indicator of socio-ecological risk in elaboration of urbanized territories development scenarios. The main objective is to develop economic-mathematical model of socio-environmental risk assessment and justification of starting parameters for its realization. During the research, the authors studied in detail the existing approaches to the modeling of ecological and economic factors; considered the stages of interaction between man and nature characterizing the manifestation of risks; revealed the peculiarities of the concepts of "risk" and "damage"; defined the evaluation methodology and indicators of environmental sustainability. On the basis of existing approaches to modeling of economic growth with the social index, the criterion of population health and the indicators of the ecological state of the territory, the authors have developed the model of integral risk. In detailed review of the fundamentals of modeling: Forrester's methods of system dynamics (and subsequent works of D. Meadows) and Leontiev's "input-output" (and subsequent papers of D. Ford), is the necessity of employment of the risk index in socio-ecological models is proven, and the methods of the convolution of partial indices and the possibility of consideration of multiplicity of risk factors are substantiated. The main result of research is the scientific basis of usage of multiple choice models for construction of integral indicator of socio-ecological territory risk.


Abstract Trapping of helium after implantation at energies of 8 to 150 keV and fluences up to 1019 He-ions/cm2 in nickel at room temperature is studied by measuring the thermal desorption spectra during linear heating up to 1000°C. At several annealing stages the trapped helium is measured by means of the nuclear reaction 3He(d, α)H and the target surface is observed by laser scattering and with the scanning electron microscope. The thermal desorption spectra depend strongly on the implantation fluence but only slightly on the implantation energy, indicating a similar trapping of He in the lattice for the implantation energies used here, The temperature at which desorption starts decreases with increasing fluence. Above the critical fluence for blistering an additional low temperature (150°C) desorption maximum is found. The desorption peak at 150°C can be approximated theoretically with a single jump desorption process of first order and a Gaussian distribution of activation energies around 1 eV. The mea...


Our introduction has indicated why we are interested in transnational relations and has suggested what some of their effects on world politics may be. But it is surely difficult to evaluate our claims about transnational phenomena until one has some information about their history, scope, and significance. The essays in part I are designed to provide such information as well as to forward a variety of arguments about the causes and future of transnational relations.


Tribology is defined as an interdisciplinary science that deals with the physical, chemical, and metallurigal phenomena of interacting surfaces in relative motion. It is concerned with studies of lubrication, friction, wear and the properties of lubricants and bearing materials. A study was conducted to determine the energy conservation potential of tribology research and development programs related to equipment for road transportation, power generation, turbomachinery, and industrial machinery. The study determined that funding of the recommended R and D plan and implementation of its findings offer the potential of conserving up to one tenth of the total U.S. energy consumption. In terms of the 1976 energy expenditure rate based on oil at $12/bbl, this represents a saving of over $16 billion; or nearly one and a half billion bbl of oil per year. Not included in these figures is the payoff in the areas of raw material usage, life of machinery, manufacturing costs, etc., which ultimately translates into substantial additional savings of energy and other national resources. (LCL)


Inborn errors of metabolism are often overlooked as a cause of neurologic disease in adults. Pediatric forms of these disorders are generally


Geo-information sharing has been a hot topic in governmental departments,industrial enterprises and academe. As there are so many info-sharing levels and solutions,this paper deeply discussed,based on SOA techniques and with experiences of Digital Shenzhen Geo-spatial Information Platform (DSGIP),the framework and function characteristics,which aims to set up a multi-approached serving mode in geo-info sharing for different demands,founded on standardized spatial web service. Several cases in application were used for reference in e-government development between departments.


The article analyzes the laws about press passed during the Franco Dictatorship, such as the Decret of 1938 and the Act of 1966, and the deep changes occurred during the Spanish democratic transition (1975-1978), when a new democratic law was passed in 1977 creating a liberty of press which had an important role in the constitutional development of modern Spain . Submission date: 24/09/2000 Acceptance date: 28/12/2000


Industrial and power systems rely on engineering predictions of the flow properties of working fluids. The paper proposes a way of the utilization of the vapor quality values along the new retrograde condensation curve in the generation of the void fraction design guidelines and reliable prediction of the saturated liquid specific volumes/densities. The new procedure eliminates the involvement of semi-empirical relationships like rectilinear diameter and other similar models.


The aim of this research project is the development of a new type of concrete in which integrated bacteria promote Auto-Repairing of cracks. Traditional concrete does usually show some Auto-repairing capacity what is due to excess non-hydrated cement particles present in the material matrix. These particles can undergo secondary hydration by crack ingress water resulting in formation of fresh hydration products which can seal or heal smaller cracks. However, the integration of excess cement in concrete is unwanted from both an economical and environmental viewpoint. Cement is expensive and, moreover, its production contributes significantly to global atmospheric CO2 emissions. In this study we developed a two-component self-healing system which is composed of bacteria which catalyze the metabolic conversion of organic compounds to calcite. Both components are mixed with the fresh cement paste, thus becoming an integral part of the concrete. Experimental results show that ingress water channeled through freshly formed cracks activate present bacteria which through metabolic conversion of organic mineral-precursor compounds produce copious amounts of calcite. This new bio-based two-component system may represent a new class of Auto-reparingng mechanisms which can be applied to cement-based systems. The Auto-repairing capacity of this system is currently being quantified what should result in an estimate of the materials durability increase. A self-healing concrete may be beneficial for both economical and environmental reasons. The bacteria based concrete proposed here could substantially reduce maintenance, repair and premature structure degradation what not only saves money but also reduces atmospheric CO2 emissions considerably as less cement is needed for this type of self-healing concrete. The recent research shows that specific species of bacteria can actually be useful as a tool to repair cracks in early stage of already existing concrete structures. A highly impermeable calcite layer formed over the surface of an already existing concrete layer, due to microbial activities of the bacteria (Bacillus cereus) seals the cracks in the concrete structure and also has excellent resistance to corrosion.


Radial basis functions (RBFs), first proposed for interpolation of scattered data, have gotten the scientific community interest in the past two decades, with applications ranging from interpolation with the dual reciprocity approach of the boundary element method to mesh‐free finite element applications. The use of compactly supported RBFs (CSRBFs) has spread due to their localization properties. However, the mathematical derivation of continuous polynomial functions for different continuity requirements can be quite cumbersome, and although a few classes of functions have already been proposed, there is still room for nonpolynomial trial functions. In this paper, two new classes of CSRBFs are presented for which the continuity requirements are guaranteed. To justify the novelty claim, a view of RBF literature is conducted. The first function class proposed consists of a combination of different inverse polynomial functions, similar to inverse quadric functions, and is thus called inverse class. The second class is called the rational class, in which the functions are obtained as a ratio of two polynomial functions. The proposed functions are used on an approximation software, which takes advantage of their simplicity. The results demonstrate the accuracy and convergence of the proposed functions when compared to some referenced CSRBFs.


The rate at which industrial processes are improved is limited by the present shortage of technical personnel. Dr Box de- scribes a method of process improvement which supplements the more orthodox studies and is run in the normal course of production by plant personnel themselves. The basic philosophy is introduced that industrial processes should be run so as to generate not only product, but also information on how the product can be improved. discovery of new products and processes and on the other to their development and improvement. This paper is concerned with a par- ticular aspect of the problem of improving industrial processes. Industrial organisations usually have specialist groups of scientific workers in research, development, and experimental departments, permanently occupied with improving manufacturing processes, who employ a wide variety of techniques, ranging from the fundamental study of reaction mechanisms to the purely empirical assessment of the effects of changes in variables. Associated experimentation may be conducted in the laboratory, on the pilot plant, and on the full scale process, and in particular may involve the use of statistical tech- niques having a fairly high degree of sophistication.1-7 As a result of the application of this variety of specialised effort a steady rate of increase in productivity is usually attained. Ultimately the rate of improvement is limited by the shortage of technical personnel. This shortage can be expected to become more rather than less severe, and in searching for further ways of attaining greater process efficiency one must look for methods which are sparing in their use of scientific manpower. The object of this paper is to out- line one such device, which has been applied with considerable success over the past few years. This is called 'Evolutionary Operation'. It is a method of process operation which has a 'built-in' procedure to increase productivity. It uses some simple statistical ideas and is run during normal routine * Based on a paper given at the International Conference on Statistical Quality Control


Luminescent lanthanide complexes containing the ink of the complex and its preparation method and articles comprising the complex, wherein the complex comprises the following formula, wherein M is selected from alkali cation Li +, Na +, K +, Rb + and Cs + and the mixture present in the charge neutralization and complex; wherein Ln is selected from the trivalent rare earth cations: Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm and Yb and mixtures thereof ; wherein R is a C5-C6 heteroaryl; wherein Y is connected to R optionally substituted on the heterocycloalkyl moiety C3-C8 via the N atom; wherein n is an integer of 3 or 5; and wherein x is 0 or an integer.


The general theory of nonlinear synthesis and analysis in hydrology is discussed, with particular reference to the problems of predictive uncertainty. These problems are associated with incomplete descriptions of the hydrologic systems, limited model-prototype equivalences, system variability in time, and system nonlinearity. Solutions to the nonlinear analysis problem of hydrologic systems under the assumption of approximate time invariance, based on complex cascade network approximations, power series and polynomial expansions, and variable response function approximations are presented. The relations between present theoretical knowledge and its practical application are summarized.


The growing recognition that happiness and well-being are intertwined with sustainability is leading to new opportunities for enhancing happiness and well-being, sustainably. The education sector has a critical role in advancing this work but has been slow to incorporate sustainability education and applications of positive psychology. The concept of sustainable happiness ( happiness that contributes to individual, community and/or global well-being without exploiting other people, the environment or future generations ) (O'Brien, 2010a) offers an innovative perspective to re-invigorate sustainability education and shape priorities for 21 st century learning – contributing to resilient, sustainable happiness and well-being for all.


The interpreting of the making ogoh-ogoh based on the perspective of the cultural studies in related to the festival day of the tawur kesanga towards Hindu society in Bali. It recently is an interesting phenomenon to be studied in the academics. Due to the ogoh-ogoh is made as a series for the ceremony of the tawur kesanga lately. It has been a high cost, although, in the literary texts, it does not find the existence of ogoh-ogoh become the completeness of the tawur ceremony itself. Regarding its phenomenon, the author was interested in studying in term of this. The study was intended to interpret the ideology or a truth behind the making of ogoh-ogoh shown of the religious ceremonies. It was conducted applying a qualitative approach included classifying, categorize, understand, and interpret any data or the facts by paraphrase or description, therefore, the conclusion was generally obtained. The results of the analysis were conducted. It can be understood that the making of ogoh-ogoh recently in the Hindu society in Bali, not merely means to cast out of the evil spirits that have been perceived as buta kala by the Hindu society in Bali. However, it was interpreted as a game of the ideology i.e. capitalist ideology. In term of this was evident that the making of ogoh-ogoh lately, no longer using the local materials that can be freely gotten from the surrounding environment, but must be made by lux materials that must be purchased expensive. Thus, it can be concluded that behind the making of ogoh-ogoh related with the ceremony of the tawur kesanga towards Hindu society in Bali lately was initiated by the game of the ideology i.e. capitalist ideology.


This study discusses the problem of signs, commonly known as eye contact, adapting to head-grabbing and head-rubbing movements, and affecting the expression of a person's facial expressions. Which action is more commonly used during a presentation workshop proposal, and what other factors besides nervousness can affect concentration during a presentation workshop? This study aimed to determine the types of movements students use during seminar presentations and to identify other factors that may affect students' concentration during seminar presentations.
The research design employed in this study was mixed methods and the study involved 15 respondents who gave a seminar examination to the proposal. Field notes, videos, questionnaires and interviews were used as data collection tools. Data collection was done by recording respondents as they took seminar exams and then recording the most important parts in field notes, after which researchers distributed questionnaires to the respondents to be studied and interviewed them to find more data.
The researchers carried out four activities: observing the research process until data presentation, filling out questionnaires, analyzing and describing the obtained data. Findings from this study suggest that the gestures that students use more frequently when making seminar presentations are sign gestures, or better known as eye contact gestures. When taking a seminar exam, besides nervousness, there are several factors that can affect a student's concentration, the first being the environment, anxiety, depression, and finally overthinking.


The invention discloses an articulated dump truck chassis. The front suspension is composed of front U shape frame, vertical telescopic elastic component, front cross tie. The middle of the closing end of the front U shape frame is ball-pivot coupled with the front frame. The two biforked ends of the front U shape frame are respectively connected with the two sides of the front vehicle bridge. Two ends of the elastic component is connected between the top of the two sides of the front vehicle bridge and the bottom of the front frame. The two ends of the transversal front cross tie are respectively pivoted between the front frame of the two sides of the chassis and front vehicle bridge. The back suspension is composed of weigh beam, middle U shape from connected between the middle vehicle bridge and back frame, back U shape from connected between the back vehicle bridge and back frame, middle cross tie and back cross tie. The invention has simple structure, better maneuvering characteristics, and can prevent the frame from torsional deforming. The invention not only ensures the whole rigidity of the articulated dump truck, but also prevents the articulated dump truck from distortional deformation on the rough ground, increases maneuvering characteristics, especially for rough ground.


Software evolution generally means that software can change its structure and functions to tolerate changes of its specification and operating environment. Though it is widely recognized that software is able to evolve is one of the most important requirements of the software which can live long, current software is not made to allow evolution in a reasonable cost. Besides, it is shared by many software researchers and practitioners that very complex software system could be built only by evolving it starting from its simpler version. Evolutionary mechanisms are also needed for modern software which is flexible and open and is able to adapt to new environments.


The case study investigates a Chinese student's perception of the major differences in classroom teaching and learning styles between the United States and China. The Chinese student experienced classroom cultural shock in an American university, and he adjusted his attitude and learning strategies to get a better adaption. The results are applicable for Chinese students who come to study in the United States.


In 1632, King Gustav Adolf II of Sweden founded a university, the Academia Gustaviana, in Tartu in Estonia, which at that time was part of Sweden. After the Swedish defeat in the Great Nordic War in 1710, Estonia became part of Russia. The University of Tartu was then closed until 1802, when Czar Alexander I ordered its reopening with the intention of attracting Western culture and science to Russia. The medical faculty of Tartu University drew distinguished neuroscientists from around the world, among them Kupffer, Rauber, Schmidt, Buchheim, Schmiedeberg, von Bergmann, Kernig, and Puusepp, and became a flourishing academic eastern outpost in medicine. After suffering severe setbacks and destruction in the 20th century, Tartu University has once again begun to flourish after the liberation of Estonia in 1991.


Cobalt alloy plate and hot strip lubricants, industrial white using No. 100 as a base oil, with a variety of compound additive. Including antiwear agents, oiliness agent, antioxidant preservatives, antioxidants, anti-foaming agents, demulsifiers, friction modifiers, dispersants. Using refined mineral oil lubricant formulation the load resistance, pressure resistance and good stability; improved process lubricity, film strength increased deformation zone, to reduce the friction coefficient of the composition and stability; hot rolling roll and less prone to sticking having good cleaning, rinsing and diffusion properties; no equipment corrosion and metal, non-toxic, non-irritating odor.


A new approach for quantifying the optical aberrations of aspherical lenses is presented. A measurement setup is developed which measures the local wavefront slopes using a motorized scanning system. The simulation results of the setup are presented in order to validate the potential of the measurement principle. Experimental results by the measurement of a commercial aspherical lens verify the theoretical investigations. Dynamic range of the measurable Zernike coefficients and Peak to Valley (P-V) wavefronts are quantified. Focal length of the aspheric lens under test is calculated from the Zernike coefficients which are determined by performing a nonlinear regression analysis for the measured slopes and the partial derivatives of the wavefront. Furthermore, 3rd order spherical aberration term of the wavefront is analyzed dependent on different wavelengths.


We extend the methodology in to flat fading channels. The systematically derived receiver structure corresponds to an iterative solution of the joint maximum likelihood (ML) optimization problem. The heuristically derived BICM with iterative decoding is shown to be the outcome of this joint ML optimization problem.


Porphyrins and tetrapyrroles play crucial roles in biological processes such as photosynthesis and molecular transport. These nature-based molecules have found application in artificial systems, such as sensing, catalysis, and 2D/3D networks. They are ideal building blocks due to their chemical diversity, stability, and ability to self-assemble on surfaces. Derivatization of the peripheral positions allows for the rational design of magnetic, catalytic, and photochemical properties. Due to this, porphyrins have been used in a variety of natural and artificial systems such as photodynamic therapies and dye-sensitized solar cells. Recently, much work and attention have focused on using specific porphyrin and molecular relatives for molecular electronics due to their robust nature, functionality, and synthesis. The focus of this review is to summarize the mechanisms that affect the internal structure and properties of the molecules and how changes in the local chemical environment alter the electronic properties of the porphyrin. We review the current state of the literature concerning the intermolecular and surface-adsorbate interactions that dictate self-assembly. We will assess the effects that molecule-molecule and molecule-substrate interactions play on the molecule's properties and the effects that external forces have on the molecular properties. The goal of this review is to dissect the mechanisms responsible for the unique properties that arise from porphyrinic systems adsorbed on surfaces.


We present low temperature absorption and fluorescence spectra of terrylene and its derivative di-tert-butylterrylene (DTBT) in the series of n-alkanes -- from n-octane to n-dodecane. Calculations by means of MM+ and INDO/S methods were carried out with the aim to establish how the guest molecules of the chromophore are embedded into the host crystalline lattice of n-alkanes, special attention being paid to the n- nonane matrix.


Heat-transfer coefficients are reported for one surface, a pin-fin surface with 50 mm square base area. The In Line pin-fin surface comprised of 1 mm square pin fins that were 1 mm high and located on a 2 mm square pitch array it that covering the base. The channel was
1 mm high and had a glass top plate. The data were produced while boiling R113 at atmospheric pressure. For this surface, the mass flux range was 50 - 250 kW/m2s and the heat flux range was 5 - 140 kW/m2. The results obtained have been compared with standard correlations for tube bundles. The measured heat-transfer coefficients for the pin-fin surface are slightly higher any surface. It is dependent on heat flux and reasonably independent of mass flux and vapor quality. Thus, heat transfer is probably dominated by nucleate boiling and is increased by the pin fins due to increasing in area and heat-transfer coefficient, the pin-fin pressure drops were typically larger than other values.