f(z) is decomposable. It is an interesting problem to find non-decomposable forms for which D is large. Let pn be the largest value of D for a non-decomposabIe form in n variables. MordeIl$ has proved that there exist non-decomposable forms for n = 6, 7, and 8. We5 have proved that there exist non-decomposable forms for every n > 8, and that, for n > 189, /LfL > (n17e>/13. In $2, we prove that for certuim sequences of n, there exist nondecomposable forms with D > (1. l)n. It is not difficult to show that pn > ( 1 I l)?', for all sufficiently large m, but we do not give the proof here, since it is rather complicated. --. ~ -


This paper includes part of the strategies used to solve a scheduling problem developed for a company that produces flexible packaging, presented in quite a general form though. In this problem it is necessary to schedule several jobs that involve four process and for each one of them there is a group of machines available (of similar characteristics). Each activity is performed on just one machine. Besides, for our application, the scheduling must try to verify certain conditions. For each process (and consequently for all the activities that performs this process) there is a list of attributes.


Purpose: Recently people who want to treatment of cervical dysplasia by Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) were increased. The purpose of these studies are to confirm the clinical effectiveness of TKM treatment to clinical symptoms of the patients who diagnosed as cervical dysplasia. Methods: The patients who diagnosed as cervical dysplasia, had elytrorrhagia, leukorrhea, dysmenorrhea et al. The patients were treated by TKM such as herb medication and acupuncture therapy. Results: After the oriental medical treatment. the clinical symptoms such as elytrorrhagia, leukorrhea, dysmenorrhea were improved. Conclusion: To treatment and management of cervical dysplasia, we were based on improvement of clinical symptoms. And we used TKM to the clinical symptoms of patients with cervical dysplasia, in result clinical symptoms of cervical dysplasia were improved. TKM is expected to have positive effects on clinical symptoms of cervical dysplasia.


Preliminary discussion on the geomorphological conditions of characteristic ground surface movements induced by the 1999 Chichi Earthquake is presented on the basis of the field reconnaissance study in December, 1999.The displacement of the soft ground by the earthquake‐inducing fault was dominated by the horizontal movement and induced damage of structures. Two gigantic landslides visited in this study suggest that the dip of the intercalated mudstone and sandstone of the Neogene and the groundwater conditions determined the occurrence of large‐scale landslides.Extensive occurrence of surficial landslides suggests the importance of the weathering characteristics of coarse sedimentary formation of weak cohesion.


The chlorine emission characteristics during coal heating in reductive atmosphere were studied through different coal samples pyrolysis and analysis the factors influencing chlorine emission.The absorption model of chlorine occurrence in coal was established and the absorption energy of different coal samples was worked out.The results indicate that absorption energy is related with coal rank,especially with volatile matter form a linear relation.


Outcome measurement in economic evaluation of healthcare considers outcomes independent of to whom they accrue. This paper reports on a discrete choice experiment eliciting population preferences regarding the allocation of health gain between groups of potential patients. A random-effects probit model is estimated, and converted into equity weights for use in economic evaluation. On average, the modelling predicts relatively high social value on health gains for non-smokers, carers, those with a low income and those with an expected age of death less than 45 years. For decision-makers, whether a formal equity weighting system represents an improvement on more informal approaches to weighing up equity and efficiency concerns remains uncertain.


Osteoporosis (OP) represents most common metabolic bone diseases, bone loss associated with ovarian hormone deficiency considered the most common types of OP. There is evidence that diets contain high levels of phytoestrogenic isoflavones such as red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) isoflavones (RCI) are associated with a low incidence of osteoporosis and reduce menopausal symptoms. The objective of this study was to evaluate the osteoprotective effects of RCI on bone loss induced by estrogen deficiency (ovariectomy) in rats. Sham operation or bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) was performed on female adult rats (n=50). One week after the operation, OVX rats were treated with an oral dose of 20, 40 or 60 mg of RCI daily for 12 weeks. Results showed that the ovariectomy induced significantly increase on body weight gain percent (BWG %), feed intake feed efficiency ratio (FER) and fat tissues percent (fat tissues %). Levels of N-terminal propeptide (PINP), osteocalcin and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels significantly elevation, as well as bone mineral content (BMC) in OVX group compared with sham group. In addition, OVX induced a rise in the number of osteoclasts and noticeable histochemical change in the femur sections compared with sham-operated control. Treatment with RCI significantly ameliorated all tested biological bone marker enzyme and hormone assay parameters compared with the OVX untreated rats, as well as improved histochemical alterations induced by OVX. These findings suggest that RCI is effective in reducing bone loss induced by ovariectomy and maintains bone health, probably by reducing bone turnover via inhibition of bone resorption. [Hala A. H. Khattab, Mohammed S. Ardawi and Reem A. M. Ateeq. Osteoprotective Role of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.) Isoflavones in Ovariectomized Rats. Life Sci J 2014;11(10s):618-631]. (ISSN:10978135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 122


Indian cinema is the cultural capital of the country. It has evolved from various stages since independence and has a wider reception than other artistic exercises in India like literature. The present paper studies the important landmark in the Indian cinematic tradition adopting the neo-realism of the Italian cinema characterizing rebellion of the subalterns, which in this case, is by the migrant labourers studied as inland diaspora in the film Do Beegha Zameen directed by Bimal Roy, the architect of modern Indian cinema. The dialectics of subalterns is probed within the framework of the diaspora in general with its attendant features like longings, nostalgia and spiritual angst. Shambhu, the protagonist in the movie, sets out to get his land released from local landlord landing in Calcutta as a migrant labourer. The travails of Shambhu and his son along with host of such subalterns and marginalized subjectivities critiques the implications of such an existence. Along with this, the paper also encapsulates and comments upon the ability of the cinema to render the human experiences in a unique way through its technocratic quotient and imagistic jugglery which enthralls the audience like literature. The critical commentary is literary in the paper since a close nexus between the two can't be negated.


High-level synthesis (HLS) tools automatically transform a high-level program, for example in C/C++, into a low- level hardware description. A key challenge in HLS tools is scheduling, i.e. determining the start time of all the operations in the untimed program. There are three approaches to scheduling: static, dynamic and hybrid. A major shortcoming of existing approaches to scheduling is that the tools either assume the worst- case timing behaviour, which can cause significant performance loss or area overhead, or use simulation-based approaches, which take a long time to explore enough program traces.In this paper, we propose a probabilistic model that allows HLS tools to efficiently explore the timing behaviour of hardware generated from all these scheduling approaches. We capture the performance of the hardware using Petri nets, allowing us to leverage off-the-shelf Petri net analysis tools to make HLS decisions.We demonstrate the utility of our approach by using it to automatically infer the optimal initiation interval (II) for statically scheduled components that form part of a larger dynamically scheduled circuit. An empirical evaluation on a range of benchmarks suggests that by using this approach, on average we incur a 2% overhead in area-delay product (ADP) compared to optimal designs. In contrast, the static analysis in Vitis HLS incurs a 112% ADP overhead, while the throughput analysis in the dynamically scheduled Dynamatic tool incurs a 17% ADP overhead.


Using konjac powder as the sole carbon source, a strain producing β-mannanase was isolated from corn field with Congo red dyeing method and identified as Bacillus subtilis with morphological observation and 16 S rDNA sequencing. After shaking-flask culture, the enzyme activity of this strain achieved 101 U / mL. By ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation,anion exchange chromatography and hydrophobic interaction chromatography, the enzyme was partly purified and studied on its enzymatic properties. The results showed that the optimal reaction temperature and pH of the produced β-mannanase were50 ℃ and 5.0, respectively. The enzyme had a good stability under temperature from 45 to 55 ℃ and pH from 4.5 to 5.5,with the enzyme activity remained over 80% for 30 min.


Summary. The economic and social considerations in relation to diseases deman the application of preventive measures. As the more devastating viral diseases are controlled, the less important diseases move up in their own sequence to be the impotrant disease entities in the contemporary time perios. Each, in turn, seeks a preventive.

The most recent group of viral vaccines-those against measles, mumps and rubela-have provided a new technology for disease control and each has lived up to its expectations. Immunity following use of these vaccines has generally exceeded 95% and the proved duration of immunity has exceeded 13 years for rubella. Most importantly, mass immunization of the chils population in the U.S.A. has forestalled the expected epidemic of congenital rubella and has reduced this syndrome to minor incidence.

Administration of these vaccines in combined form has provided a means for simplification of vaccination rpograms with reduction in cost without decreased efficacy and without change in clinical reactions.


This research is titled Role Of Brand Ambassador In Improving Customer Interest Wardah Cosmetic In University Islam Bandung (UNISBA).
The research method used in this research is descriptive method of analysis with data collection techniques consisting of: literature study and field research. Field research consists of: observation, interview and questionnaire dissemination. Samples used are non-probability samples using purposivesampling technique. Then the data of respondents taken is 100 respondents who become research samples based on advice from mentor.
Base on the results of this study concluded taht the Role Of Brand Ambassador In Improving Customer Interest Wardah Cosmetic In University Islam Bandung (UNISBA) lack of effectivebecause there are still some things taht sould be on notice and the increase is less interest to be brand ambassador, less than he makximun contribution to the brand ambassador for in promotion the brand, and lack of understanding to information about producks that have been in publish thought the media.
Reccomendasi can be given as an input to the researcher to PT Paragon Technology and Innovation which is expected to maximize the role of the brand ambassador in promoting the brand, increase brand ambassador for young who are on the rise in the entertaiment, as well as add some infrmation about products, especially products skin care to more people know anything about the use of products in accordance with this type of skin.


This paper introduces an idea of an autonomous decentralized manufacturing system (ADMS), which has the capability of adaptive reconfiguration to the product variations. In ADMS, machines are decentrally controlled by way of common high speed data networks, and the degree of mechanical motion freedom is increased with the use of inductive power and data transmission. The technology subsets required for realizing the field network and inductive couplings are described in this paper. The ADMS is conceptually realized for the automobile production line using the prototypes of the proposed technology subsets.


Adoption of smallholder plantations in off-forest reserve among farmers has always been a challenge. Using the qualitative methods and survey among 193 smallholder plantations farmers through simple random sampling from six communities in the Tano North District, the study aimed at exploring the drivers for smallholder plantation forestry in the Tano North District of the Brong-Ahafo Forest Region of Ghana. The findings showed that as age of farmers increased, the number of plantations owned reduced. Surprisingly, all the plantations owned by farmers were teak. In addition, a significant relationship between gender of farmers and factors that motivated them to establish smallholder plantations was identified. Furthermore, the relationship between gender and land tenure systems was significant. The study identified low price for teak wood, absence of standard price for teak wood, decline in food crop yield due to canopy closure of teak stands, lack of capital to invest in teak plantation, lack of extension services from Forest Services Division and wildfire as the factors that militate against smallholder plantation forestry. The motivating factors for smallholder plantation forestry were financial returns, plantation as collateral to secure loans, hobby and construction material for subsistence use.  The identified drivers if taken into account during the implementation of smallholder forestry could enhance its viability and adoption. Keywords: gender, land tenure, land size, age, militating factors, relationship DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/10-6-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020


Being the existence of human' life and activities; Space has been in close relationship between the gender and the society classes based on it. After the thoughts of feminism being introduced to the research on urban space in 1970s for the first time, gender difference in space environment is widely focused on and the research extends to the field of architecture. The establishment of "the Lab on the sexuality and space" indicates that there is more foucus on the subject. The present study is insufficient for an objective and systematic study about the gender difference and living space in special environment. Having "Wuhan Baubuting Block" and some ancient settlements in the southeast in Hubei as a case study, having carrying on the preceding literature research, exploring the theory behind the data, analyzing the transformation trend, in the perspective of humanism I suggest that eliminating the sexual difference in the living space is a way to improve the space arrangements. Key words: the sexual difference, the habitation, the space environment, humanism Resume: Being the existence of human' life and activities; Space has been in close relationship between the gender and the society classes based on it. After the thoughts of feminism being introduced to the research on urban space in 1970s for the first time, gender difference in space environment is widely focused on and the research extends to the field of architecture. The establishment of "the Lab on the sexuality and space" indicates that there is more focus on the subject. The present study is insufficient for an objective and systematic study about the gender difference and living space in special environment. Having "Wuhan Baubuting Block" and some ancient settlements in the southeast in Hubei as a case study, having carrying on the preceding literature research, exploring the theory behind the data, analyzing the transformation trend, in the perspective of humanism I suggest that eliminating the sexual difference in the living space is a way to improve the space arrangements. Mots-Cles: the sexual difference, the habitation, the space environment, humanism


The terms "Old Croatian" and "Old Croatian (archaeological) culture" have been in use since the late 19th and the middle of the 20th century, respectively. They are deeply rooted in Croatian medieval archaeology and have also been adopted in other related scholarly disciplines. Still, they have never been more closely defined, with occasional attempts at partial critique most often ignored. In this article a detailed critical overview of the evolution of the "Old Croatian culture" is presented, from the first appearances of the expression "Old Croatian" in scholarly literature to the position of this concept in current archaeological and other medievalist literature. As the name itself carries clear ethnic connotations, the composition of this culture is discussed in the light of contemporary criticism of the culture-historical approach in order to examine its place and meaning in contemporary thoughts on ethnic identities on the territory of early medieval Croatia.


In this study, the dense films of well-crystallized ZnO nanocrystals were successfully prepared by direct spin-coating of the colloidal solution of ZnO nanoparticles derived from the microemulsion method. The average grain sizes in the films were reasonably controlled in the range from 6.5 to 34.3 nm by simply changing the annealing temperatures. The increase in band gap energies was found in the size region less than 13.3 nm, finally resulting in 3.47 eV for the average size of 6.5 nm. The photoluminescence spectra at room temperature showed intense ultraviolet (UV) emission with faint green luminescence. The Stokes shifts of the films were estimated to be one or two orders of magnitude smaller than those of the conventional ZnO nanocrystalline films, suggesting the well crystallization and slight amounts of lattice defects in the ZnO nanoparticles. These excellent features may be favorable to make high-performance optical application such as UV emitting devices.


The maintenance and repair of ancient buildings and monuments is one of the most important tasks in preserving cultural heritage. These buildings are often destroyed by being subjected to long-term stresses caused by air pollution, high humidity, andior the lack of repair work. Before carrying out repair work or changing climatic conditions at monuments it is absolutely necessary to test the suitability of the renovation campaign. One possibility is testing the suitability for use by simulation methods. The advantages of simulation methods are the short duration of the test procedures and the alternative testing of different measures before the actual work is carried out on the monument building. On the one hand weathering simulations can be carried out in twin-climate chambers with climatic impacts generating indoor and outdoor climates. On the other hand numerical simulation using computers can forecast moisture and temperature behaviour of structural elements. Additionally it is necessary to use suitable measurement methods for detecting the impacts, e.g. thermography, modern optical surface inspection methods or measurements of material moisture content in high resolution. The proposal illustrates different examples of simulation techniques.


Aims To determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on referrals to mental health and physical health services. Method We analysed referral data from three psychiatric services in the boroughs of Camden and Islington across 2018-2020: Early Intervention Services (for patients with a 1st episode of psychosis), Crisis Resolution Teams and inpatient admissions. We also analysed GP referral data to Cancer Services (two-week wait referrals) to Whittington Hospital, Royal Free Hospital and University College Hospital (all of North Central London). We examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on these referrals and compared the findings between physical and mental health. We chose to use EIS and Cancer services as comparable services since they both operate with the two-week target of achieving diagnosis of psychosis and cancer respectively. Result The number of referrals to EIS and CRT both decreased to 61% in April 2020 with respect to their baseline; EIS referrals continued to decrease to 48% in May before starting to recover. Inpatient admissions saw a smaller reduction to 87% in April 2020. The number of cancer two-week wait referrals similarly decreased and reached a trough of 37% in April 2020. The rate of recovery back to the baseline number of referrals and admissions relative to previous years differed between services, with acute care recovering faster. Referrals to CRT and inpatient admissions recovered by 98% and 115% respectively by June 2020; comparatively, referrals to EIS recovered to 102% by December 2020. In contrast, cancer two-week wait referrals returned to 106% by September 2020, a rate faster than EIS, but slower than CRT and inpatient admissions. Conclusion The reduction in the number of referrals across all examined services correlated with the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The rate of decrease was similar across all services, coinciding with the peak of COVID-19 infections. However, the ultimate degree of decrease and following rate of recovery in numbers differed across both psychiatric and non-psychiatric services. These differences likely have multifactorial origins. The authors discuss contributing factors, such as changes in health seeking behaviours observed during the pandemic, potential impact of reduction in face to face consultations in primary care, as well as temporary changes in the population demographic of Camden and Islington resulting in absent target groups (i.e. students who make up a large proportion of referrals to EIS opting to return home). It remains important to not neglect mental health and face a hidden epidemic once COVID-19 pandemic settles.


The author discusses factors to do with placement and running speeds of propeller-type t-zero choppers, as implemented at ISIS (on chopper spectrometers) and at LANSCE (on a reflectometer, chopper spectrometer and small-angle scattering instrument). In all cases, the purpose is to block the burst of high-energy neutrons that emanates from the source when the proton beam strikes the target, and still be fully open when the thermal neutrons of interest pass through the space occupied by the t-zero chopper. In general, roughly 30 cm of high-strength high-Ni alloy (like nimonic or inconel) is placed in the beam, and for background purposes, it is desirable to place the chopper as far upstream as possible.


Injection and production capacity of the single well in underground condensate gas storage is mainly influenced by the storage flow capacity and the nature of shaft.The report computes the producing gas equation of the gas well and pressure nodes,determines dynamic relationship curve between the inflow and outflow of the injection and production well.Considering the smallest carrying liquid flow and traffic safety erosion condition,the injection and production capacity of the single well in underground condensate gas storage is computed and main influence factors are analyzed,which provides a scientific basis for the optimal operation of the storage.


The activities of APA's Division of the Psychology of Women are traced from the origins of the Division in 1973 to the present. Division 35 evolved in response to pressures relating to the status of women in psychology as well as concerns about the content and practice of the psychology of women. The Division has fostered significant research on the psychology of women, been an important organizing base for women psychologists in their quest for visibility and influence, and provided institutional support for issues of diversity in psychology and society.


l Y l o s t professionals within the field of special education can probably recollect the story of the Kallikak family from university coursework. In all likelihood Henry Goddard's history of this family of ill repute was presented to them as an example of the type of research used to fuel the "eugenic scare" of the early 1900s. Although it made arguably the primary contribution to the notion that mental retardation was essentially genetically determined and was associated with criminality and societal deviation, nevertheless for many the research has served merely as a quaint historical footnote. Smith's recently published book, however, investigates Goddard's study to reveal the underlying concepts and implications in the work. He has extensively researched Goddard archival material, the Kallikak family tree, and related social issues (e.g., sterilization and institutionalization) to provide a comprehensive picture of the nature of this study and the consequences that have accrued over the last 70 years from its wide acceptance both in this country and throughout the world. The summary of these investigative efforts formed the basis for Minds Made Feeble. Perhaps it is of questionable propriety for a reviewer to begin the evaluative process cognizant of overt, personal prejudices. Therefore I must note at the outset that there are a number of reasons why I was likely to have prejudged the book in a positive light. For one who loves history (particularly the history of special education), enjoys suspense, accepts the important role that can be played by qualitative research, and even grew up in New Jersey, there was perhaps little hope for an evcnhanded treatment of this book. When a professional association with the author of the book is added, the risk of losing objectivity is increased even more. Therefore the reader will have to take a caveat emptor perspective in considering this review. Minds Made Feeble strikes the reader first as a classic mystery story with twists and turns that provide fascinating reading. The efforts that Smith made to uncover information that has been ignored for decades makes for an interesting story in and of itself. The story of the Kallikaks was published in 1912, but a full appreciation of the sham of this research requires an investigation of 150 years of this family's history prior to the publication of Goddard's original book. We are often reminded that we must be knowledgeable about history because of its apparent cyclical nature; Smith reveals to us the investigative tools that can enable us to avoid losing sight of what has gone before. The Kallikak story as it has been re-spun in this volume develops from data obtained from the Library of Congress, the Archives of the American Psychological Association, genealogical information from rural New Jersey, and direct interviews with a variety of persons having firsthand knowledge of the Kallikak family. For the uninitiated, Goddard's study of the Kallikaks essentially traced two lines of descendants from Martin Kallikak, reputed Revolutionary War hero. One line was characterized by feeblemindedness, promiscuity, criminal behavior, and poverty while the other line was reflective of proper breeding, service to community and nation, and professional success in its varied forms. Goddard's premise was that Mendclian genetics provided the biological rationale for the differentiation between the outcomes within these two family lines. Smith's book focuses both on the data concerning this family as well as


Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of the cervical length (CL), fetal fibronectin (fFN) in the cervicovaginal secretion and Bacterial vaginosis (BV) infection in prediction of labor in women with threatened preterm labor (TPTL). Patients and methods: One hundred women (100) with TPTL included in this prospective study, which conducted in AL-AZHAR University, department of obstetrics and gynecology after approval of the study by the institute ethical committee and after informed consent. Women included in the study subjected to through history, general and abdominal examinations followed by collection of cervico-vaginal fluid sample for fFN assay, vaginal swab for detection of BV and TVS assessment of the cervical length. Collected data regarding, the cervical length, fFN and BV statistically analyzed to evaluate the diagnostic value of the cervical length, fFN and BV in prediction of labor in women with TPTL. Results: fFN had 86.6% sensitivity, 55.5% specificity, 52% PPV, 88.2% NPV and 64.2% accuracy for detection of labor within one week and the CL measured by TVS had 94.4% sensitivity, 77.7% specificity, 73.9% PPV, 95.4% NPV and 48.4% accuracy for detection of PTL within one week. Sensitivity, positive and negative predictive values were higher for the CL than fFN for detection of PTL within one week. However, the accuracy was better for fFN than the cervical length measured by TVS (64.2% versus 48.4%). Conclusion: fFN concentration in the cervico-vaginal secretion and CL measured by TVS were good predictors for PTL in women with TPTL. The CL at 25 mm cut-off between 28 and 35 weeks gestation had high sensitivity, high positive and negative predictive values than fFN in prediction of PTL, while the fFN was more accurate than the CL.


Access extension and quality improvement in education is an issue that must be addressed immediately. The government makes every endeavor to do its best, but the results are not optimal because it faced several obstacles, such as geographical, social economic and local government revenue differences. One solution that has been developed is a website named online teacher community which can facilitate the process of sharing information on the instruction. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of online teacher community website. The results showed that online teacher community website could act as a medium of learning for sharing information among the teachers and become an effective medium of learning for the students. This medium could build communication link among teachers not only in one district/city, but also across districts/cities and even across the provinces. In addition, the medium could be used as a medium for school' self-evaluation so the schools could compare themselves with other schools in the quality of the instruction. Such mechanisms are expected to be able to encourage the extension of access and quality improvement


The mirroring hypothesis – the assumed architectural mapping between firms' strategic choices of product architecture and firm architecture, and between firms' architectural choices and industry structures – has received mixed empirical support. The focus in thus shifting from ascertaining whether the mirroring hypothesis holds, to the product architecture and component-level conditions that may support the mirroring of architectures at different levels. We utilize an industrial economics perspective to develop a stylised product architecture typology and hypothesise how the combined effects of product architecture type, product complexity and the rate of product component change may be associated with phases of mirroring or misting (imperfect mirroring). Our framework helps to reconcile some of the existing mixed support for the mirroring hypothesis.


The September 195S issue of this review carried an interesting article on the "Goals of Federal Reserve Credit Policyin which the author chronicled the evolution of Federal Reserve policy objectives. It is significant that, generally speaking, these changing goals of the Board have developed without explicit statutory amendment, largely through an interpretation by the Board itself of the very vague state? ments of policy objectives in the basic legislation.1 The dimensions of the problem come into focus only when one recalls the potential eco? nomic and social impact of Federal Reserve decisions which can cause shifts of wealthy and income between economic groupings or suppress prosperity for particular industries through its general and selective credit controls.2


High repetition-rate frequency combs with tunable repetition rate and carrier frequency are extensively used in areas like Optical communications, Microwave Photonics and Metrology. A common technique for their generation is strong phase modulation of a CW-laser. This is commonly implemented using Lithium-Niobate based modulators. With phase modulation alone, the combs have poor spectral flatness and significant number of missing lines. To overcome this, a complex cascade of multiple intensity and phase modulators are used. A comb generator on Silicon based on these principles is desirable to enable on-chip integration with other functionalities while reducing power consumption and footprint. In this work, we analyse frequency comb generation in carrier injection based Silicon modulators. We observe an interesting effect in these comb generators. Enhanced absorption accompanying carrier injection, an undesirable effect in data modulators, shapes the amplitude here to enable high quality combs from a single modulator. Thus, along with reduced power consumption to generate a specific number of lines, the complexity has also been significantly reduced. We use a drift-diffusion solver and mode solver (Silvaco TCAD) along with Soref-Bennett relations to calculate the variations in refractive indices and absorption of an optimized Silicon PIN – waveguide modulator driven by an unbiased high frequency (10 Ghz) voltage signal. Our simulations demonstrate that with a device length of 1 cm, a driving voltage of 2V and minor shaping with a passive ring-resonator filter, we obtain 37 lines with a flatness better than 5-dB across the band and power consumption an order of magnitude smaller than Lithium-Niobate modulators.


This study is a continuation of our previous works on the use of metal-based nanoparticles for the adsorption of asphaltenes and its subsequent catalytic thermal decomposition. In this study, we evaluated the effects of asphaltene aggregation on the adsorption process and the subsequent catalytic oxidation using fumed silica and nanoparticles of NiO and/or PdO supported on fumed silica. Adsorption isotherms were constructed through batch adsorption experiments at 25 °C by using mixtures of n-heptane and toluene in amounts of 0, 20% v/v n-heptane (Heptol 20), and 40% v/v n-heptane (Heptol 40) to obtain different aggregate sizes of asphaltenes. Subsequently, asphaltene oxidation in the presence and absence of the nanoparticles was carried out in a TGA/FTIR system to investigate the impact of adsorbed asphaltene aggregates on the catalytic activity of the selected nanoparticles. The adsorption isotherms were described by the solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) model, and the catalytic behavior of the nanoparticle...


For use in the preparation mechanism of poly-carboxylic acid ordinary aggregate concrete,the concrete workability,parcels and other performance is poor,prone to bleeding,segregation and other issues,raised APEG poly-carboxylic acid thought to the design of autonomous molecular to determine the best process;in the use APEG poly-carboxylic acid for ordinary concrete with aggregate mechanism,the concrete encapsulated,cohesiveness,and the mobility of well improved by 2 h slump loss,still maintain good;in unilateral water ordinary fluctuations in concrete production 5 kg circumstances,able to maintain good performance of concrete and easy to solve the poly-carboxylic acid water use during the course of a very sensitive issue.


ABSTRACT Sucrose is the most widely used sweetener in food and pharmaceuticals. Solubility data of this excipient in aqueous cosolvent mixtures is not abundant. Thus, the main objective of this research was to determine and correlate the equilibrium solubility of sucrose in some {cosolvent (1) + water (2)} mixtures at 298.2 K. Cosolvents were ethanol, propylene glycol and glycerol. Shaken flask method was used to determine isothermal solubility. Concentration measurements were performed by means of density determinations. Solubility of sucrose decreases non-linearly with the addition of cosolvent to water. By means of the inverse Kirkwood–Buff method it is shown that sucrose is preferentially solvated by cosolvent in water-rich mixtures but preferentially solvated by water in cosolvent-rich mixtures. Jouyban–Acree model correlates solubility values with the mixtures composition for all cosolvent systems. Moreover, apparent specific volume of sucrose was also calculated from density and compositions.


The output of renewable generation depends on the real-time weather conditions and changes rapidly; so the economic operating point of the power system varies over time. This paper aims to find the explicit mapping from variable renewable power to optimal power flow solutions. To this end, we propose a parametric distribution optimal power flow (P-DOPF) method, which gives the optimal dispatch strategy and power flow status as analytical functions of the renewable output. With the established distribution optimal power flow problem based on the relaxed Distflow model, the first step is to perform a global polyhedral approximation on the second-order cone constraints to develop a linearized formulation. The second step is to obtain the P-DOPF model by treating renewable power output as parameters; then, the P-DOPF problem gives rise to a multi-parametric linear program (mp-LP). Third, we prove that the optimal solution and optimal value of the P-DOPF are piecewise linear functions of the parameters and we design an adaptive-sampling algorithm to construct the optimal value and optimal solution functions, as well as the partition of the parameter set, subject to a given error tolerance; this algorithm is not influenced by model degeneracy, a common difficulty of existing mp-LP algorithms. The P-DOPF framework provides an explicit real-time control policy of generators in response to the renewable output. Case studies on the IEEE 33 and 69-bus systems verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method; by comparison, the proposed method outperforms the established affine policy method in computational efficiency and optimality by 24.5% and 4.62%, respectively.


The taxonomy of the genus Heliotropium L. in Brazil was studied, revealing nine species and two varieties: H. amplexicaule Vahl, H. angiospermum Murray, H. curassavicum L., H. curassavicum var. argentinum I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum (Lehm.) I.M. Johnst., H. elongatum var. burchellii I.M. Johnst., H. indicum L., H. leiocarpum Morong, H. nicotianaefolium Poir., H. phylicoides Cham. and H. transalpinum Vell. Descriptions, illustrations, comments on relationships based on morphology and data on species distribution are presented.


The thesis of this article defends the physiological and anthropological foundations of architecture against the sociological and aesthetic ones based on conventional codes. The genesis of the architectural form gets legitimized as an extension of the body in motion that involves a generator, vague, approximate, emotional, dreamy [ ...] drawing. Facing a drawing pedagogy with the aim to project, the difference between the conceptual drawing and the representational drawing is argued by addressing sources and concepts such as 'degree zero', 'matrix space' and 'diagram', very often used with a high degree of ambiguity or vagueness and without any critical assessment. Again, we reflect on the digital code, a code of abstract and conventional annotation that transmits aesthetic information against the original manual drawing that refers to the architectural physicality and sensitivity.


Introduction: Melasma is common cause of skin hyperpigmentation. It's characterized by symmetric, irregular light brown to dark brown patches of hypermelanosis on parts of the body with most exposure to sun light. Melasma has a significant adverse impact on patients' quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Kligman-Willis's formula treatment in female with melasma on their QoL.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 21 female patients, 15 or higher years old, referred to Semnan University of Medical Sciences (Semnan, Iran) dermatology clinicduring 2013, were enrolled in the study.They were recognized with melasma for the first time. Treatment of patients with Kligman-Willis formula which contains 5% hydroquinone, tretinoin 0.1% and dexamethasone 0.1%, was done. This formula is a hydrophilic ointment base and is used topically. Treatment was continued for three months and the patients were instructed to apply the medication on the site of the lesion every night. Quality of life before and after 3 month treatment with Kligman-Willis's formula was investigated by DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) questionnaire.
Results: Mean ±SD age of the patients was 28.3±7.2 years. Level of educational in 76.2% (n = 16) of patients was diploma or lower. 85.7% (n =18) of patients were married. 85.7% of patients had lesion on the face. Before treatment, in 52.4 % of patients the skin disease had very large effect and in 47.6% of patients had extreme effect on QoL. Mean± SD score of DLQI before treatment was 20.29±4.55 and after 3 months treatment decrease to 14.10±3.94, that was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Findings showed that, treatment of melasma patients with Kligman-Willis formula based on a three-month period, would improve the quality of life of patients
Keywords: Melanosis, Quality of Life, Hydroquinones, Tretinoin, Dexamethasone, Drug Combinations


Communication system comprises a wireless message sending at least one first portable device capable (12), at least one second portable device capable of receiving such a message transmission (10). The first portable device (12), a series of questions message (60), such as Bluetooth, in each form of the plurality of predetermined data fields arranged according to the first communication protocol (INQ), broadcast configured. For the transmission of additional data through a broadcast, the first portable device (12), prior to transmission, each question message, further to add an additional data field carrying broadcast data (BCD) configured, the second portable device (10) is comprised of the transmitted and received question message and the additional data fields to read broadcast data.


Purpose – In electric system of high-speed trains, neutral sections are set to balance the three-phase load. When passing neutral sections, the train should detach from the power supply for a short time. To permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) traction system, the voltage of DC link will increase quickly due to the back-EMF of PMSM during this time. Although the energy consumption braking method can be adopted to consume the feedback energy. It not only wastes energy, but also causes more speed drop of the train. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In order to get better performance when the train is under passing neutral section condition, a suitable control method is proposed, in which the torque command is set to zero and d-axis current order remains unchanged during passing neutral section. Based on a co-simulation model, the influences of this method on the PMSMs traction system are compared with that of traditional method, which is used in induction motors tr...


This paper investigates the joint direction of departure (DOD) and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent targets in bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar under the presence of spatially correlated noise. Based on electromagnetic vector sensors at both transmitter and receiver of MIMO radar, a preprocessing method, namely polarization difference smoothing, is proposed to remove the coherence between targets and to suppress the spatially correlated noise. Then DODs and DOAs are estimated using the ESPRIT method. Further, this paper develops a simple approach for pair-matching between the estimated DODs and DOAs. Simulation results are compared with the receive polarization smoothing and transmit-receive polarization smoothing methods available in literature. Results show that the proposed approach improves the performance significantly.


Insurance companies are undergoing a significant cliange and today's playing field is both complex and competitive. Competition has increased with banks and brokers adding insurance products to their product mix and insurers are now offering broader financial service products. The internet has added and increased pressure to margins by enabling customers to do their own comparison shopping. Capturing and sustaining market advantage in this fiercely competitive industry hinges on the ability to understand and leverage the industry's most valuable asset - the customers. This customer-centric approach which vies for customer loyalty and satisfaction can be successful only when supported by an enterprise-wide customer relationship management (CRM) strategy. The present paper focuses on the application of CRf\A tools and techniques by the insurance companies for gaining strategic advantage over its rivals. The arguments are tested with case studies of two insurance companies in India and abroad.


Image processing systems are widespread with the digital transformation of artificial intelligence. Many researchers developed and tested several image classification models using machine learning and statistical techniques. Nevertheless, the current research seldom focuses on the quality assurance of these models. The existing methods lack to verify the quality assurance, with the lack of test cases to prepare the evaluation dataset to test the model, which can cause critical drawbacks in the nuclear field and defense system. In this article, we discuss and suggest the preparation of the evaluation dataset using improved test cases through Cause-Effect Graphing. The proposed method can generate the evaluation dataset with automated test cases through the quantification method, which consists of 1) image characteristic selection 2) creating the Cause-Effect graphing approach of the image with the feature, and 3) generate all possible test coverage. The testing is performed with the COCO dataset, which shows the declining prediction accuracy with the adjusted brightness and sharpness ranging between −75 to 75%, which indicates the negligence of the important characteristics in the existing test dataset. The experiment shows the prediction fails while sharpness is less than the 0%, and the brightness fails at −75% with less number of detection object between −50% and 75%. This indicates that characteristic changes affects the prediction accuracy and the number of detected objects in an image. Our approach proves the importance of the characteristic selection process for the overall image to generate a more efficient model and increase the accuracy of object detection.


The technological status and product quality of some bread making industries in Abeokuta were evaluated.  Factors such as capital investment, production capacity, sanitary conditions and factory layout of selected bakeries were evaluated  in the survey.  Sensory quality, residual sugar, specific volume and shelf life of bread samples from the bakeries were also determined.  Most of the bakeries were unregistered and of small scale, characterised by low capital investments, poor hygiene, the use of old bread process involving long fermentation time ranging from 2 to 10 h, and the use of mud ovens.  Bread samples from the bakeries  were significantly different (P < 0.05) in taste, flavour, texture, crust colour, grain, symmetry and eating quality.  Specific volume, residual sugar and shelf life of the bread samples ranged between 0.7 – 5.0 cc/g, 2.0 – 3.5% and 3 – 7 days, respectively.  Although sensory scores for symmetry was slightly positively correlated with specific volume of bread samples (r = 0.38); taste scores however, was only weakly correlated (r = 0.08) with residual sugars.  Some of the microorganisms isolated from the bread such as E. coli, Staphylococci spp, Bacillus, spp, Aspergillus niger and Penicellium citrinum were undesirable because of spoilage and food poisioning implications.


Autotransplantation is a still unknown therapeutic solution that presents multiple indications in the growing patient. It requires close collaboration between the orthodontist, the dentist, and the oral surgeon. We will illustrate this article by a clinical case of transplantation of a premolar in place of a central incisor after a review of the indications, advantages, and surgical procedure of this method.


We use the non-symmetric stable distribution to quantify the returns to investments in motion pictures to properly account for asymmetry and infinite variance. We first quantify the unconditional distribution of returns using the normal distribution, the symmetric stable distribution, and the non-symmetric stable distribution and find that the normal and symmetric stable models can be rejected in favor of the non-symmetric stable model. We then model the parameters of the non-symmetric stable distribution---location, dispersion, skewness, and tail exponent---as functions of explanatory variables including a film's budget, presence of marquee (star) talent, and the number of screens on which a film is shown. The location of the returns distribution is increasing in budgets, marquee talent reduces dispersion, and the tail exponent is increasing in a film's budget. Even though the variance of film returns is infinite---so that point predictions have no precision---it is possible to model accurately the conditional probability distribution of film returns. Practical implications and applications of the results are discussed.


B U F F A L O — A m e n d m e n t of the R e t i r e m e n t a n d Social Security Law to provide for bi lateral nego t ia t i ons for i m provements in re t i rement benef i t s for local g o v e r n m e n t employees w a s urged by Theodore C. Wenzl in t e s t i m o n y here Nov. 15 before the Peiinanent Commission on Public Employee Pension and Retirement Systems, under the chaiiinanship of Otto Kinzel.


Although amyloid proteins show an identical figure of sheet electro-microscopically, it has been demonstrated that these proteins originate from diffbrent precursor proteins. Recently, they have been classified on the basis of their biochemical and immunochemical characteristics and their precursor proteins. We examined two patients with respiratory amyloidosis(a 57-year old female and a64-year old male). Their chief complaints were gradually progressing hoarseness and dysphonia. Amyloid deposits were found as yellow plaques on the mucosa of the respiratory tract extending from the epiph. arynx to the bronchi. They were removed endoscopically and vaporized with a CO2-laser. The origin of the amyloid protein was investigated histochemically and immuno-chemically. The Amyloid substances in both patients were derived fbom the λ-chain of light chain immunoglobulins.


Carbon based materials are considered as preferred materials in applications requiring high strength, high refractoriness, thermal shock and thermal stresses in extremely harsh environments. However, these materials are extremely vulnerable to oxidation at exalted temperatures. Efforts have been made to shield such materials from oxidation at high temperatures by the introduction of dense and crack free surface coatings, impregnates and oxidation retardants. Some refractory carbides, borides and silicides offer potential coating systems for such materials. Metal carbide coatings have been found useful for carbon base materials. This coating is formed at high temperature normally above 1500°C. The present work is related to the formation of a high temperature oxidation and wear resistant coating of Titanium Carbide (TiC) on polycrystalline graphite substrate at lower temperatures. The coating was prepared by Halide Activated Pack Cementation (HAPC) process at temperatures below 1500°C. Various catalysts including Fe, Ni, and iodine had been used to reduce the temperature of the process. Resulting coatings were characterized by using optical microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Optical microscopy was used for the microstructural analysis and measurement of coating thickness. Elemental and chemical analysis was performed using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Furthermore, the effect of variation in composition ratio, operating temperature and time of cement can be used to optimize the properties and thickness of TiC coating formed on specimen.


Chapter 1: Feminism and Development in a Global World Chapter 2: Navigating Globalization: Feminist Approaches to Development Chapter 3: Development, Globalization, and Power Chapter 4: Debates and Dilemmas: Global Sex Trafficking Chapter 5: Debates and Dilemmas: Water Chapter 6: Debates and Dilemmas: Work Chapter 7: Debates and Dilemmas: Health Chapter 8: Collective Action, Development, and the Challenges of Globalization


The article briefly discusses the background of the information quality-oriented education and the evaluation of information quality.After summarizing the standards of the information quality evaluation home and abroad,the author tries to design a set of standards of the information quality for college students which is suitable to China,and makes a discussion about the testing methods.


© 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, London. Decision-making processes are in the helm of organisations, constituting an essential capability to promote companies' missions. Major accidents, however, can deeply affect the continuity of operations, and many of the findings arising from recent investigation reports relate to poor managerial decisions, triggering operational sequences which result in undesirable outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyse first-line management decisions, in order to reveal common patterns affecting human factors and improve decision-making processes. Management decisions from the worst accident occurred in offshore Brazilian waters in the past fifteen years are scrutinised, using the publicly-available investigation report from the regulatory bodies as basis. Then, a data mining approach will be applied to a major-accident dataset, and analogous tendencies are revealed and compared with the case study. Problems arising from human factors associated with the lack of managerial rules and principles are investigated, and implications to improve decision-making processes are discussed.


Purpose

This paper aims to evaluate the effects of inulin (3 per cent), chitosan (1 per cent) and carrageenan (0.5 per cent) addition on the physico-chemical, sensory and textural attributes of restructured goat meat products. Health conscious consumers are much more interested in product with added health benefit. Keeping this in mind, this study was undertaken to find out effective ingredient for low fat restructured goat meat product.

Design/methodology/approach

Formulation for restructured goat meat blocks was optimized and four different formulation containing different ingredients, namely, control, inulin (3 per cent), chitosan (1 per cent) and carrageenan (0.5 per cent), were used to find out best ingredient for healthier goat meat product and various physicochemical and sensory properties of the product were evaluated.

Findings

Results showed that addition of carrageenan improved (p < 0.01) the product yield (86.0 per cent) significantly. The proximate composition, expressible water and water activity were similar. The moisture retention percentage was significantly (p < 0.01) reduced (86.0 per cent) due to addition of inulin. Carrageenan significantly (p < 0.05) increased the lightness (42.4) and yellowness (10) values. Significantly (p < 0.05) lower shear force values were observed in inulin (0.5) and chitosan (0.4) containing samples than control (0.7 kg/1.5 cm2). Hardness values were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in restructured product containing chitosan (56.1 N/cm2) and carrageenan (59.4 N/cm2). Similarly, springiness values were significantly (p < 0.05) lower (0.7 vs 0.8 cm) in carrageenan containing product. Inulin, chitosan and carrageenan did not significantly influence the sensory attributes of restructured goat meat product. It is concluded that inulin, chitosan and carrageenan could be used to improve technological and functional attributes of the healthier restructured goat meat product.

Research limitations/implications

Future research may benefit from efforts to modify shelf life of the product by modifying packaging condition.

Originality/value

The healthier meat-based restructured goat meat product has been developed, and the effect on its quality characteristics have been extensively examined, limited research has focused on this aspect.


CNS insulin levels are decreased and insulin receptor signalling is dampened in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasing CNS insulin levels through a variety of methods has been shown to improve memory. Indeed, medications routinely used to improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes are now being repurposed for memory enhancement. CNS insulin is primarily derived from the circulation, by an active transport system at the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The goal of this study was to determine whether rosiglitazone (RSG), a drug used to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes, could enhance insulin transport at the BBB, as a potential therapeutic for improving memory.


Pollution is everywhere. Microbes are also everywhere, and many have the ability to degrade environmental contaminants. Understanding how these microbial communities work to degrade environmental contaminants will enable us to use these microbes to clean up the pollution. Understanding, monitoring, and controlling the environment with biological processes, i.e., an environmental systems biology approach to bioremediation, answer the need which is everywhere. By using an environmental systems approach to bioremediation, we make sure we know of any "fatal flaws" in the approach, get a much better handle on life-cycle cost analysis, and can grade an engineered solution into a natural attenuation solution. The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. By using an environmental systems biology approach to bioremediation and cross-linkage of systems at all levels providing multiple lines of evidence involving environmental observations, laboratory testing, microcosm simulations, hypothesis refinement, field testing and validation, and multiple iterations of this circle, we will be able to make new theories and paradigms for bioremediation of contaminated environments.


The sole all-pervasive feature of the environment that has helped shape, through evolution, all life on Earth is gravity. The near weightlessness of the Space Station Freedom space environment allows gravitational effects to be essentially uncoupled, thus providing an unprecedented opportunity to manipulate, systematically dissect, study, and exploit the role of gravity in the growth and development of all life forms. New and exciting opportunities are now available to utilize molecular biological and biochemical approaches to study the effects of microgravity on living organisms. By careful experimentation, we can determine how gravity perception occurs, how the resulting signals are produced and transduced, and how or if tissue-specific differences in gene expression occur. Microgravity research can provide unique new approaches to further our basic understanding of development and metabolic processes of cells and organisms, and to further the application of this new knowledge for the betterment of humankind.


Learning outcomes
After reading and analyzing the case study, the students would be able to understand the complexities of leadership and decision-making in a diverse workplace, specifically when promoting differently abled employees; explore the importance of fostering an inclusive environment, addressing biases and developing empathy in the context of leadership and diversity; explore the challenges and considerations involved in managing a team with diverse backgrounds and abilities; and evaluate the potential impact of promoting employees with disabilities on the morale and retention of other team members.

Case overview/synopsis
This case study is about a hearing-impaired individual, Jessica, who was recently hired by a medium-sized organization, Zerial Education. She was the organization's first hire with a disability, and some of her colleagues were skeptical about how she would fit in. There was a clear bias against her because of her disability, and she faced many challenges while proving herself and earning the respect of her colleagues. Despite the initial skepticism and bias, she quickly proved herself to be a valuable member of the team. As the appraisal period arrived, Stan Logan, her reporting manager, faced a tough decision. He wanted to be fair and avoid to seem to be biased, yet he was also committed to fostering diversity and inclusion. If he promoted Jessica, it would affirm the company's commitment to diversity and inclusivity, and it would also validate Jessica's impressive year of work. However, this might come at the cost of creating tensions among the other top performers who were also deserving of the promotion and potentially complicating client interactions owing to Jessica's hearing impairment. Logan had to navigate these complexities and make a decision that aligned with both the company's values and operational needs, while also considering the potential consequences on team morale and client relationships.

Complexity academic level
The case is suitable for use by students at an MBA level. Human resource management: In this course, students might learn about the legal and ethical issues surrounding disability in the workplace, as well as strategies for recruiting and retaining employees with disabilities. Organizational behavior: In this course, students might learn about the psychological and social factors that influence how individuals with disabilities are perceived and treated in organizations, as well as how to promote diversity and inclusion within a company.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code
CSS 6: Human resource management


Objective: To optimize the technical parameters of Dragon's Blood through controlling the different factors of SFE by orthogonal experiments.Methods: Using content of total flavonoid as indexes,the effects of extraction pressure,extraction temperature,extraction time were evaluated by orthogonal experiments.Results: The optimum conditions for extraction of Dragon's Blood were as follows :20MPa,35℃,60minutes.Conclusion: It can be used for the theoretical basis.


We present the geometric formulation of gravity based on the mathematical structure of a Lie Algebroid. We show that this framework provides the geometrical setting to describe the gauge propriety of gravity.


Managerial Decision Making- This course utilizes a multifaceted content approach to learning. This means that your text is but one of the essential resources in this course.


Accurate prediction ofsolar PV cell andmodule behaviour under actual environmental conditions of theapplication siteandselection ofthebest performing module outofavailable alternatives isa bigchallenge forguaranteed payback andreliable operation ofanysolar PVenergy project. Theauthors havecomeoutwithaquick yetreliable methodology forthispurpose usingquality engineering and statistical toolslikeDOE,ANOVA,Regression modelling andRSM.Thismethodology isbelieved toopenupa newwayofworking forsolar PV application engineers andBIPVsystem designers.


Let {an}, {bn}, and be known sequences of real numbers with an ≠ 0 and and let {(θn, Xn)} be a sequence of independent random vectors where the θn are iid G and unobservable and, given θn = θ, Xn has the univariate normal density with mean an θ + bn and variance The first part of the paper exhibits estimators for the density of Xn and its kth derivative, k = 1,2,…, and obtains rates at which the mean-squared errors go to tsro Then, with Rn+1(G) denoting the infinum Bayes risk for the squared error loss estimation of θn+1 using Xn+1, the second part of the paper exhibits asymptotically optimal empirical Bayes rules tn (X1,…, Xn; Xn+1) and obtains rates at which E(tn − θn+1)2 −Rn+1(G)−0.


The present invention discloses a curing agent containing waste modified nano carbide slag, which is made of a mixture of the following components parts by weight: 1-2 sodium chloride, sodium sulfate 1.5 - 2.3, magnesium 0.5 1, 0.7-1.4 fly ash, caustic soda 1.7-2.6, 1.3-1.5 phosphogypsum, cement 2.5-3.7, chitosan 1-2, 1-2,35-40 glycoside ethers 0.6-0.8 Baume water glass , calcium lignosulfonate 0.8-1.3, 0.4-0.8 aluminum oxide, nano-modified calcium carbide sludge 1-2. Waste curing agent contains modified nano carbide slag of the present invention, there is hardening of the ordinary curing agents, but also the rational use of solid waste, waste to treasure, a variety of materials and nano-modified nano composite carbide slag, thereby strengthening the role of hardening.


OBJECTIVE To establish an HPLC method for determining plasma level of vancomycin.METHODSThe new HPLC procedure involved a liquid-liquid extraction pretreatment procedure and an HPLC internal standard,norvancomycin.A symmetryshield RP18 column was used.The mobile phase of a mixture of methanol water(16∶84,pH3.1) was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1.The detector was Waters 2487 Dual λ Absorbance Detector,detector was set at the wavelength of 210 nm.RESULTSThe calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.63 to 63.0 mg·L-1.The average recovery was more than 85%,and the RSD within-day and between-day were all less than 5%.CONCLUSIONThis method is suitable for monitoring of vancomycin in plasma.


Alila, screened at the Toronto International Film Festival 2003, is Amos Gitai's latest film set in contemporary Tel Aviv. It follows Eden and Kedma, two films which rethink the period surrounding the founding of the state of lsrael and are Gitai's attempts to demystify an idealized historical vision of those years. Gitai's films are personal expressions of an artist who has produced a body of work that dramatizes the sensibility of feeling exiled or alienated, even, at times, within one's homeland. A revisionist perspective of the heightened idealism that followed the momentous founding of the state and the concept of Jewish national unity is the baseline for Gitai's meditations on contemporary Israeli life- on religious fanaticism, the emptiness of a secular society characterized by hedonism and materialism, racial tensions, displacement. Disillusionment with the officially sanctioned national vision permeates these films; they acknowledge the many differences-cultural, religious, racial, genderic- that defies a homogenous idea of Israeli identity and accomplishment. Gitai has taken the role of the gadfly artist who is critical of the socio/political realities of the country about which he cares deeply. Although Israel has not always welcomed this point of view (Gitai left Israel for Paris following the controversy surrounding his documentary Field Diary 1982), it is nonetheless a healthy sign that Israel's most acclaimed filmmaker can use the cinema as a forum for critical discussion and dissent. [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] Alila in Hebrew means the plot (as in narrative construction; the chain of parts that make up the whole). The film is presented as a black comedy (adapted from a novel, Returning Lost Loves, by Yehoshua Kenaz) that is centered on an apartment building in Nehushtan, a working class neighborhood in Tel Aviv that borders Jaffa. There are a number of interwoven narrative threads of which the plot is composed. Although it follows the stories of a number of characters, its plot is less defined by character or interiority as it is by situation and thematic ideas. The film is about the transgression of boundaries, the difficulties of sharing social or communal space, a changing national landscape where foreign workers make up a tangible and ignored stratum of Israeli society, generational conflict, the disillusionment with the expectation to commit wholeheartedly and willingly to national security and defense, changing gender relations, the loss of privacy. Though not as accomplished, in some ways Gitai's film is like Godard's Deux ou trois choses que je sais d'elle 1966, where the subject is Parisian society and culture at a particular social moment and the characters articulate the artist's questions and ruminations on contemporary life. Also with Godard, the result can sometimes be uneven but parts can be exhilarating, particularly in the way style is used (for which the director of photography, Renato Berta deserves acknowledgement). The film is architectural, composed of a series of long takes/sequence shots (in the press kit Gitai states that each scene is composed of one shot and the film has forty in total), often with a fluid-moving camera that traverses walls and boundaries and can allow for a contemplative spectatorial position. These shots are often characterized by saturated colour (accompanied by a sophisticated aural soundtrack), which is remarkably beautiful. Many of the film's images remain imprinted in one's memory, like the shots of Tel Aviv traffic, the interior of a shoe store or cafe, an exterior shot of a tree-lined street corner. Gitai's commitment to the country is evident in the beauty of these shots. The opening sequence shot from the interior of Ezra/Uri Klauzner's car is particularly exemplary. The camera shifts between the father and son's discussion in the front seat about the son Eyal's fears and hesitations of being unable to complete the mandatory army service and the father's reassurances that it is a normal trajectory and rite of passage that everyone manages to get through, but then is sidetracked by the tumult of city life and the signs and sounds that seem to distract the camera's attention. …


Objective:To compare differences of serum prolactin level,self-estimated milk yield during 2~5 days after delivery and levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),epidermal growth factor (EGF) during 6~24 hours after delivery in colostrum of pregnant women adopting spontaneous labor and cesarean section.Methods:The serum samples during 6~24 hours after delivery and colostrum samples during 2~5 days after delivery were collected,the levels of prolactin in spontaneous labor group and cesarean section group were detected by chemiluminescent immunoassay,the serum levels of IGF-1 and EGF in spontaneous labor group and cesarean section group were detected by biotin-avidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results:There was significant difference in serum prolactin level between spontaneous labor group 〔(361.67±80.74) ng/ml〕 and cesarean section group 〔(221.94 ± 90.82) ng/ml〕 (P0.05).During 2~3 days after delivery,the level of IGF-1 in cesarean section group was significantly higher than that in spontaneous labor group (P0.05),the level of self-estimated milk yield in cesarean section group was significantly lower than that in spontaneous labor group (P0.05).During 4~5 days after delivery,there was no significant difference in serum IGF-1 level and self-estimated milk yield between the two groups (P0.05).During 2~5 days after delivery,the level of EGF in cesarean section group was higher than that in spontaneous labor group,but there was no significant difference (P0.05).Conclusion:The high level of IGF-1 and low level of prolactin in colostrums of cesarean section group are related to lactation delay and milk yield,early contact,early sucking and breast feeding are advocated for pregnant women adopting cesarean section.


The cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile reflects the insect's physiological states. These states include age, sex, reproductive stage, or gravidity. Environmental factors such as diet, relative humidity, or exposure to insecticides also affect the CHCs composition in mosquitoes. In this work, the CHC profile was analyzed in two Anopheles albimanus phenotypes with different degrees of susceptibility to Plasmodium: the susceptible-White and resistant-Brown phenotypes. The effects of the CHC profile were considered under a carbon-rich diet (sugar), a protein-rich diet (blood), and an infectious challenge (blood containing Plasmodium berghei ookinetes). The CHCs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with either mass spectrometry or flame ionization detection, identifying 19 CHCs with chain lengths ranging from 20 to 37 carbons. The qualitative and quantitative changes observed in the CHCs composition were dependent on the diet and parasite challenge, and independent of the phenotype. The exception was the challenged condition, where significant differences between the phenotypes were observed in Z-12 pentacosane, hexacosane 9-octyl, methyl-nonacosane, and methyl-hentriacontane. Since the lipid metabolism in Anopheles mosquitoes has been shown crucial for Plasmodium development, the changes in the CHC profiles associated with infection could have multiple effects on mosquito fitness and impacts on disease transmission.


This print is the first in the Tsutaya Kichizō edition of the 53 Stations of the Tōkaidō Road and depicts Nihonbashi Bridge in Edo, which the traveler would cross on the way to the first station at Shinagawa.


At present,the employment problem of college students is becoming more and more serious and an employing unit is paying more and more attention to the demand fo "rready-made workers while employed,"which puts forward to the higher requirement for practical ability of university students.However,in most application-oriented universities there still exist such problems as old school-running models,divorce between theory and practice,mismatching between teaching and social demand,single training models.To this end,application-oriented universities should take social needs as an orientation,change their training models,cultivate application-oriented professionals who have ability to solve practical problems in production and management,and meanwhile carry out the applied scientific research and technological transformation,serve local economic and social development in order to solve the employment problem of university students and achieve the standard of working without adjustment period and of quasi employees.


Abstract The subdivision of methods of adjustment of observations as given in textbooks is usually asfollows: (1) The method of direct observations; (2) The method of indirect observations; (3) The method of conditioned observations.


Due to globalization and increased competition, many international firms have been adopting outsourcing strategies in order to cut costs by decreasing their degree of vertical integration. However, this strategy causes new problems. For instance, fragmentation of the company's value chain causes uncertainty with respect to the quality and availability of resources and the reliability of transaction partners. Further, the number of potential transaction partners has increased with the abolishment of trade barriers, which not only increases uncertainty, but also the complexity of the processes. International firms are managing these problems with different organizational structures and contractual arrangements with their transaction partners, while others have been evolutionary emerging.


One of the banes of modern software development is needing to make design decisions before enough information is available to do so with adequate justification. In this paper, we describe a novel system engineering technique that helps alleviate the problem by allowing many such decisions to be delayed until they can be made with sufficient supporting information. We expect this approach will substantially improve the effectiveness of software design in the most difficult cases of complex software systems embedded in dynamic and uncertain environments. We describe the steps in the process, and how the Problem Posing Interpretation extends the Scenario Based Engineering Process to provide this flexibility. We illustrate the development steps with an example of a testbed for studying distributed cooperative behavior.


To analyze further the dynamic characteristics of the robotcable system, similar experimental models of cables on the Junshan Highway Bridge are constructed. To study the effect of high-altitude wind load on the safe performance of the cable and the robots climbing ability, transverse wind load is simulated and wind-load equivalent experiments on cable vibration are performed on the robot to simulate high-altitude conditions. Vibration amplitude and acceleration of the cable slightly increase under Grade 7 wind, which demonstrates the stability of the cablerobot system.


A 55-year-old female had been treated for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) since 1998. In November 2001, she entered a hospital to undergo medical treatment. Her blood pressure at the time of hospitalization was 110/ 78 mmHg. Radiotherapy was carried out and therefore chemotherapy with cytarabine and mitoxantrone was started. Loxoprofen sodium (LOX) was prescribed for a fever which developed during the treatment. After taking LOX, dizziness and perspiration appeared, and the patient's blood pressure declined to 74/47 mmHg.A 40-year-old female had received chemotherapy for the treatment of AML since June 2001. Her blood pressure was 118/74 mmHg and pulse was regular at the time of hospitalization. The electrocardiogram findings were normal. Although myelosupression was remarkable and arrhythmia was observed during the course of therapy, chemotherapy was continued. Chemotherapy with aclarubicin, cytarabine and mercaptopurine was started, and LOX was prescribed for a fever during the treatment. After taking LOX, the patient's systolic blood pressure declined 24 mmHg.In both cases, hypotension was observed 2 to 3 hours after the administration of LOX and it was repeatedly observed after every administration of LOX. The observed cardiac abnormality was considered to be due to residual chemotherapy remaining in the cardiac muscle. We consider that hypotension developed due to some influence on heart function by both the augmentation of the action of LOX and its active metabolite (LOX-OH) due to hypoalbuminemia and increased total body fluid level through the repression of prostaglandin synthesis in the kidney. As a result, the careful monitoring of blood pressure is necessary when co-administrating LOX with chemotherapy in patients with hypoalbuminemia.


This bibliography of cross-cultural materials contains 437 bibliographic citations of journal articles, books, government reports, court cases, and bibliographies of interest to rural special educators. Major topical areas are bilingual exceptional children (136 items) and culturally diverse exceptional children (135 items). Other topics include Black Americans, court cases, Hawaiians, Hispanics, migrant exceptional students, Native Americans, and nondiscriminatory evaluation. (SV) *********************************************************************** * Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. ***********************************,:*********************************** Ca trN w ACRES Cross-Cultural Bibliography for Rural Special Educators


Low aqueous solubility is the major problem encountered with formulation development of new chemical entities as well as for the generic development. Drug with poor water solubility cause slow dissolution rates, generally show erratic and incomplete absorption leading to low bioavailability when administered orally. This present review details about the different approaches used for the enhancement of the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs. The purpose of this article is to describe the techniques of solubilization for the attainment of effective absorption and improved bioavailability. Keywords: Solubility, bioavailability, absorption, solubilization


Various types of coal gasification processes which are available commercially or are in the developmental stages are reviewed. The properties of the gaseous fuels produced by different gasifiers are discussed. Gas clean-up systems, adaptable for turbine applications, are presented, and factors influencing process selection are outlined.


PZT-PVdF composites with 0–3 connectivity were prepared through solution casting technique. The effect of particle size (>106 μm, 106–63 μm, >63–25 μm, 80 nm, 60 nm and 40 nm) on piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of the composites was studied. The amount of crystallinity and piezoelectric coefficient of the composites were obtained from DSC and piezometer, respectively. The PZT particles distribution in the polymer matrix was analyzed using SEM studies. The amount of crystallinity was found to decrease with decrease in particle size, which in turn decreases the piezoelectric coefficient. The investigation reveals that the dispersed reinforcement influences the crystallization kinetics of PVdF polymer chain, thereby promoting localized amorphous regions, which decreases the piezoelectric coefficient.


Theretical propadation is an important characteristic,thus the quality of the theory section of a Party's newspaper is of great importance.lt is to analyze the existing problems of the theory section of Party's newspapers and give the counter measuresttheory section focus;concetration in social focus; arousing newspaper readers' interest.


Characteristics of a new kind of construction material UPVC tubing are introduced.UPVC tubing has many advantages comparing with conventional metal tubing. The results of practice have showed that popularizing and using UPVC tubing can obtain better social benefits and remarkable economic benefits.


RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to summarize and discuss key findings in the literature around the concept of disruption or disruptive innovation and how the ad hoc academic knowledge evolved in the recent couple of decades. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: The research method is based on historical and critical literature review. Hence, this paper discusses other scholars' research and findings around the topic of disruption innovation. THE PROCESS OF ARGUMENTATION: This paper starts with a summary of Christensen's disruption theory (1997) followed by some important clarifications of ad hoc definitions. Then it inspects some of this theory weaknesses highlighted in the literature before investigating the main recent developments in the last couple of decades and the related research venues. RESEARCH RESULTS: Despite the positive efforts made by many scholars to reconcile Christensen's disruption theory (1997) with the reality of the market and empirical data and to clarify the concept of disruption and its numerous implications and frameworks, some fuzziness and many gaps are still persisting in the extant literature. Namely, a normalized and exhaustive disruption framework seems to be missing hitherto. CONCLUSIONS, INNOVATIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS: This paper provides a refined picture of the academic discussion around disruption innovation, and is hence a useful starting point for researchers interested in topics related to "innovation management" who would like to investigate further avenues of research directly or indirectly linked to disruption.


The Hamiltonian approach to the quantum eld theory is considered. Since there are additional diiculties such as the Haag theorem and Stueckelberg divergences, renormalization of the time-dependent dynamical quantum eld theory is much more complicated than renor-malization of the S-matrix. It is necessary to consider the regularized theory with ultraviolet and infrared cutoos and impose the conditions not only on the dependence of the Hamiltonian on the cutoos (as usual) but also on the dependence of the initial states. It happens that one should consider the initial states to be singulary dependent on the cutoos in order to avoid the Stueckelberg divergences. The problem of imposing conditions on the semiclassical initial states is discussed. Diierent prescriptions for choice of initial conditions are analysed.


The sugar cane variety Co. 290 is widely distributed in the State of Sao Paulo. Its juice does not ferment very well because it seems to be deficient in nutrients for the yeast. Comparative tests were carried out to determine the influence of ammonium salts and rice polishings on the alcohol yield when these substances were added to the juice of this variety prior to fermentation. The following conclusions are based on the results of these tests : 1.  The juice from plants of the variety Co. 290 is poor in nutrient elements for the yeast. 2.  The addition of 0.1 per cent ammonium sulphate or phosphate improves the process of fermentation. 3.  The best alcohol yields are obtained when the juice is enriched with 0.1 per cent ammonium sulphate or phosphate, plus rice polishings at the same rate. The rice polishings seem to be active because of their high content in vitamins, mainly vitamin B1.


The author characterizes memory politics and identity politics as analytical categories formed in a highly competitive field of meanings and interpretations. The methodological approach is social constructivism, which represents the mainstream in the study of memory and identity politics. However, the author considers it necessary to take into account the socio-cultural framework of actions performed by various actors that shape memory and identity. In addition, sharing the methodologically innovative approach advanced by I.S. Semenenko to the definition and analysis of identity politics, the author applies it to the object of her research. The article proposes using the concept of securitization to study not only the politics of memory, but also the identity politics pursued by the European Union. The shaping of a European identity on the basis of memory politics involves many problems, both supranational and national. This article deals primarily with supranational policy, but national discourses of memory and identity politics are also taken into account. In this context, the concepts per se, which have categorical conjugacy, turn out to be associated with courses characterized by considerable discord. The seemingly unshakable foundations of memory politics, established after World War II, are being challenged by the new member states of the European Union, shaping different practices of remembrance and forgetting. As a result, implying the possibility of different interpretations and harmonization of discourses, dialogical memory as the foundation of European identity is giving way to the securitization of memory politics and identity politics, which means their instrumental use to legitimize specific policies.


Objective of the study : This paper touched upon the major issues that are related to intention towards the use of ERPBI in the Saudi private sector – Saudi Arabia is an example of a developing country Methodology / approach :  This paper used a qualitative approach and the sample of the study comprised of 30 experts from the Saudi private sector, who were involved in ERPBI. Originality / Relevance : According to prior studies in literature, there is no specific model that supports and explains ERPBI, and as such, this increases the chances of ineffective adoption and use of ERPBI. This study found that ERPBI adoption models are lacking, and those that exist are inapplicable as they exclude several significant factors for successful adoption. Main results : The findings indicated that for the promotion of the ERPBI model, the entire significant factors have to be considered and incorporated. Those factors are: system quality, service quality, and information quality factors, change management, effective communication, training factors, clear vision and planning, competitive pressure, and government role. Theoretical / methodological contributions : This study's results open door for future research based on the gap in theories applied and the factors investigated in the context of developing nations.  Social / management contributions : Shedding light on the factors and their relationship with ERPBI use success would assist top management in minimizing losses through system use for enhanced cash flow, and improved performance of employees and that can eventually bring about the overall performance of the organization.


The work is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of gels based on the monomers pentaerythritol triaacrylate (PETriA) and 2,2 '-(ethylenedioxy)diethanethiol (EDODET) by thiol-ene "click" polymerization. The properties of the obtained gels were investigated by IR, Raman spectroscopy, mechanical analysis. Sol-gel analysis of obtained networks was carried out and the degradability was investigated. The results of IR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of -C = O and -C-O-C- groups in the composition of the obtained gels. The presence of unreacted C = C bonds conjugated with C = O, as well as thiol groups, varies depending on the composition of the initial monomer mixture (IMM). Raman spectroscopy results correlate well with IR data. Raman spectra also show C-S, S-S and SH characteristic bands that are difficult to identify by IR spectroscopy. It was found that the composition of MM affects the physicochemical properties of the synthesized gels. The highest yield of the gel fraction of obtained polymers was found in samples with an equimolar composition of IMM. The analysis of mechanical properties showed that gels with an excess of PETriA exhibit more elastic properties, and an excess of EDODET leads to the formation of networks with a higher crosslinking density. The study of the ability of obtained PETria-EDODET gels to degrade in a 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide showed that the polymer network degrades by 12% within 60 days. This property of the obtained gels can find application in the creation of targeted drug delivery systems with their prolonged release.


This paper presents an optoelectronic joystick for driving and controlling electronic wheelchair, robot or any other electronically controlled gazette. An innovative concept has been conceived and realized using light emitting diodes, photo-detectors and a sliding optical template that converts movements of joystick into variable light output depending on the position of the joystick handle. At a time two different electrical signals are generated to drive or control two independent drives or applications. The signal produced is electrical differential signal. The system works on 15 volts dc electrical supply that can be easily modified as per users requirements. The differential electrical signal produced has voltage variation between 0.1 to 14 volts. It also produces reverse action signal when reverse movement is initiated. The system is simple, stable, and reliable. It minimal tear and wear as no contact type components are used.


The British author Jane Austen,with her upright natural instinct of realist writer and feminine keen intuition,deeply demonstrated British middle-class marriage,love and economic relations,and revealed money and wealth is the essence of bourgeois marriage institution.


We investigate from a theoretical basis the impacts of the number, location, and correlation among measurement points on the quality of an estimate of the semivariogram. The unbiased nature of the semivariogram estimator γˆ(r) is first established for a general random process Z(x). The variance of γˆZ(r) is then derived as a function of the sampling parameters (the number of measurements and their locations). In applying this function to the case of estimating the semivariograms of the transmissivity and the hydraulic head field, it is shown that the estimation error depends on the number of the data pairs, the correlation among the data pairs (which, in turn, are determined by the form of the underlying semivariogram γ(r)), the relative locations of the data pairs, and the separation distance at which the semivariogram is to be estimated. Thus design of an optimal sampling program for semivariogram estimation should include consideration of each of these factors. Further, the function derived for the variance of γˆZ(r)) is useful in determining the reliability of a semivariogram developed from a previously established sampling design.


A simplified 9-layer slab model was created using periodic density functional theory calculation to predict the tendency of trace elements to undergo surface segregation.Using this approach,nine different trace element atoms(Fe,Si,Mg,Cu,Mn,Ga,In,Sn,and Pb) were substituted into the(100) plane in a pure aluminum foil surface and the surface segregation energies were calculated.The results were in very good agreement with the available experimental data.There were various correlations between the segregation energy and the relaxed position on the surface of the substituted atom,the radius of the substitute atom and the experimental surface energy of the metal.A negative segregation energy indicated that the trace element atoms were able to segregate and move to the surface while a positive segregation energy implied a tendency to move into the bulk material.Trace element atoms segregated on the Al foil surface and led to many defects and dislocations which can increase initial pitting nucleation sites and enhance the density of pitting for Al foils.


Introduction: Preterm infants undergo repeated painful procedures during a period of rapid brain development and programming of stress systems. Newborn babies including preterm infants do feel pain. Although different interventions, such as skin-to-skin contact, glucose solutions, breastfeeding, and local anaesthetic agents, have been evaluated to reduce infants' pain, there is no clinical trial available to identify the best method. Aim: To compare the dectrose 25% versus Expressed Breast Milk (EBM) in reducing pain while heel prick procedure in preterm neonates in a tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: The present randomised clinical trial was conducted at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Kashiben Gordhandas Patel Children Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, from September 2019 to May 2020. Total 125 neonates with Gestational age between 28 weeks to 36 weeks were included in the study. Babies were divided into two groups by randomisation: Group-A: EBM and Group-B: Dextrose 25%. Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) score was calculated from worst state of individual recovery period (0-½ minute, 1-1½ minute, 3-3½ minute) and compared to baseline period PIPP. Results: Mean gestational age on examination in Group-A was 34.48±6.14 weeks and in Group-B were 34.51±5.89 weeks. Out of total 125 preterm babies (Group-A-62, group B-63), 71 (56.8%) were male and 54 (43.2 %) were females. Comparison of PIPP at 1-1½ min of heel prick in EBM and Dextrose 25% group was statistically significant (p-value <0.003) suggestive of continued analgesic effect of dextrose 25% better than EBM and PIPP scores after 3-3½ min of heel prick having no statistically significant difference. (p>0.05) Mean difference between the PIPP score in the dextrose 25% and EBM groups was -1.25 and -1.33 at 0 and 1 minute after procedure (p-value,<0.001), so pain relief was better in dextrose 25% group than EBM group. Conclusion: Dextrose 25% was better effective in reducing mean crying duration than EBM. Dextrose 25% had a better analgesic effect than EBM in 28 to 36 weeks gestational age neonates.


The standard of care for locoregional esophageal cancer, regardless of histology, remains neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation followed by an esophagectomy after restaging workup (1,2).


Philip Hyland is a researcher at the University of Ulster with a special interest in investigating the validity cognitive-behavioural models of anxiety and stress disorders. He is also the co-founder and Associate Editor of the Journal of Criminal Psychology. Mark Shevlin is a professor of psychology at the Psychology Research Institute in the University of Ulster. His research interests involve applying advanced statistical analytic techniques in the areas of traumatic stress responses and psychotic experiences. Gary Adamson is a professor of psychology at the Psychology Research Institute in the University of Ulster. His research interests involve applying advanced statistical analytic techniques in the areas psychological epidemiology and mental health. Daniel Boduszek is lecturer in criminal psychology at the University of Huddersfield. His research interests lie in the area of criminal psychology and mental health. He is the co-founder and Editor-In-Chief of the Journal of Criminal Psychology. Abstract The current study aimed to test a key theoretical prediction of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy theory by assessing the role of general and trauma-specific irrational beliefs in the prediction of posttraumatic stress responses. A sample (N = 313) of trauma-exposed emergency service workers participated in the study. Structural equation modelling results demonstrated that an REBT-based model provided satisfactory model fit and explained 89% of variance in posttraumatic stress symptomology. Theoretical predictions were supported with results demonstrating that general-level irrationality indirectly impacted posttraumatic stress responses via a set of trauma-specific irrational beliefs. Results indicate the importance of irrational beliefs in predicting posttraumatic stress responses.


Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) infection mostly found in immunocompromised patient. Most of the patients with neutropenia had hematologic malignancy and come with multiple risk factors for C. difficile infection. The aim of this study is to know the prevalence and characteristic of C. difficile infections in cancer neutropenia patients. This cross-sectional study was done in secondary referral hospital in suburban Karawaci, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia from June 2014 until Mei 2015. Adult cancer patients hospitalized with neutrophil count less than 1500 106 cell/L were included. All patients were checked for antigen and toxin C. difficile in faeces. From 25 patients were evaluated for C. difficile infection in neutropenia. C. difficile antigen only found in one patient or 4% sample.

Key words: C. difficile, cancer, neutropenia