The paper is concerned with the approximation of the deterministic the mean field type control system by a mean field Markov chain. It turns out that the dynamics of the distribution in the approximating system is described by a system of ordinary differential equations. Given a strategy for the Markov chain, we explicitly construct a control in the deterministic mean field type control system. Our method is a realization of the model predictive approach. The converse construction is also presented. These results lead to an estimate of the Hausdorff distance between the bundles of motions in the deterministic mean field type control system and the mean field Markov chain. Especially, we pay the attention to the case when one can approximate the bundle of motions in the mean field type system by solutions of a finite systems of ODEs.


Background Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)has been reported to have beneficial effect on cardiac dysfunction in post infarction and doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy.Objective To investigate the effects of G-CSF on cardiac remodeling in cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ).Methods Thirty-six male wild type mice(WT)were allocated randomly to receive subcutaneously G-CSF(10 μg/kg per day, n=9),or Ang Ⅱ(2.88 mg/kg per day,n=9),or Ang Ⅱ plus G-CSF(Ang Ⅱ 2.88 mg/kg+G-CSF 10 μg/kg,n =9)for 4 weeks with untreated WT(n=9)as controls.Blood pressure and cardiac function were measured. Heart weight/body weight ratio,myocyte cross-sectional area and fibrosis area were determined.The mRNA ex- pression of osteopontin(OPN)in myocardium was detected by RT-PCR.The expressions of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE),ACE2 and phosph-p70S6 kinase protein in myocardium were assessed by Western-Blot.Results Ang Ⅱ significantly elevated blood pressure(SBP,Ang Ⅱ:139.7±1.6 vs WT:108.7±2.3 mmHg,P0.05) and caused cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.G-CSF treatment did not prevent the Ang Ⅱ-induced elevation of blood pressure(SBP,Ang Ⅱ+G-CSF:140.1±2.6 vs Ang Ⅱ:139.7±1.6 mmHg,P0.05),but significantly attenuated the myocyte cross-sectional area(Ang Ⅱ+G-CSF:181.06±0.11 vs Ang Ⅱ:202.02±0.16 μm~2,P 0.05),fibrosis area(Ang Ⅱ+G-CSF:2.87%±0.12% vs Ang Ⅱ:3.91%±0.06%,P0.05),heart weight/ body weight ratio(Ang Ⅱ+G-CSF;3.7±0.2 vs Ang Ⅱ:4.2±0.1 mg/g,P0.05),and left ventricular diastolic function(cardiac isovolumic relaxation time,Ang Ⅱ+G-CSF:0.11±0.02 vs Ang Ⅱ:0.16±0.01 ms,P0.05). Further more,G-CSF reduced cardiac levels of ACE,OPN,phosph-p70S6 kinase and increased the expression of ACE2.Conclusion These data suggest that G-CSF reduces Ang Ⅱ induced hypertrophy.The effect of G-CSF on the prevention of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy was associated with the inhibition of OPN and phosph-p70S6 ki- nase expression.


For 22 years ceramic oxides of copper seemed to offer the only way to reach high-temperature superconductivity. Now, a new and unexpected route is being charted: through semimetal compounds of iron.


Medicinal plants are frequently used in traditional medicine and about 80% peoples of developing countries use this traditional therapy to treat their ailments. Bombax insigne (Sw.). K. Shcum is a large deciduous tree, locally known as Bon or Pahari shimul or Tula gachh. The present study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of B. insigne fresh bark. In-vivo antioxidant activity tests were performed by determining the lipid peroxidation and catalase concentration of the homogenized liver of Swiss albino rats receiving two doses (1.5 and 3 gm/kg body weight) of the plant extract with 750 mg/kg body weight of paracetamol. For liver function tests (LFT), total 35 rats were taken and divided into five groups containing seven animals in each. Group I received distilled water; group II received only paracetamol. Group III received paracetamol with silymarin. Group IV and V both were treated with paracetamol along with two doses of B. insigne extract. To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential, seven liver test markers such as total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) of rats were considered. Test's result for antioxidant activity demonstrated that the plant extract could inhibit the level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) induced by paracetamol. Enhancement of the level of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) was also observed. Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats, as judged by the raised total protein, albumin, total bilirubin, serum enzymes, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, were significantly prevented by the treatment with the extracts at different doses, demonstrating the hepatoprotective action of B. insigne. Histopathological observation also confirmed the hepatoprotective potential of B. insigne. Livers those were challenged with paracetamol exhibits the dishevelment of normal hepatic cells with centrilobular necrosis, inflammatory encroachment of lymphocytes and fatty changes were significantly protected by plant extract. The results of the present study suggested that B. insigne has antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential.


The process and features of one KDONAr-10000 /6000 /320 air separation plant Oxygen Generation Branch are briefed,the commissioning process of this air separation plant is detailed,the process to find out the causes for the trouble and corresponding taken measures are described.


This paper analyzes the performance of dc motor by using series input dc voltage sources. Bidirectional switches are employed to the series input dc voltage sources (MLI). Bidirectional switches are employed to the MLI to reduce the cost of the system. By applying the output of multilevel inverter to dc motor, its characteristics are described. In order to verify the results MATLAB/Simulink is preferred. The circuit of dc motor with series input dc voltage sources is designed by using simulink.


How to allocate workflow resources with cost constraint to optimize workflow time performance was studied. The average throughput time of workflow instances is used to measure the workflow time performance. A method based on queuing theory was proposed to calculate the average throughput time of workflow instances. Since the problem can be come down to an unbounded knapsack problem (UKP), an improved GA (genetic algorithm) suitable to solve the UKP was proposed to solve the problem. Examples were given to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the method. The results show that the algorithm has good evolution performance and can achieve or approach the optimal solutions. And compared with other allocation methods, our method performs best


With the development of port automation, most operational fields utilizing heavy equipment have gradually become unmanned. It is therefore imperative to monitor these fields in an effective and real-time manner. In this paper, a fast human-detection algorithm is proposed based on image processing. To speed up the detection process, the optimized histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) algorithm that can avoid the large number of double calculations of the original HOG and ignore insignificant features is used to describe the contour of the human body in real time. Based on the HOG features, using a training sample set consisting of scene images of a bulk port, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier combined with the AdaBoost classifier is trained to detect human. Finally, the results of the human detection experiments on Tianjin Port show that the accuracy of the proposed optimized algorithm has roughly the same accuracy as a traditional algorithm, while the proposed algorithm only takes 1/7 the amount of time. The accuracy and computing time of the proposed fast human-detection algorithm were verified to meet the security requirements of unmanned port areas.


Woven air filters made of polypropylene were examined for bacterial survival. The test strains belonged to gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. An antimicrobial agent, silver nitrate (AgNO3), was added to the filtering material after the production cycle and tested for its ability to prevent microorganisms from filter colonisation. Silver emission from the filtering material was also tested. It was found out that antibacterial filter treatment resulted in an evident reduction in living bacterial cells. The presence of silver ions in the air surrounding the incubation column was established.


This article is based on an interview with a Norwegian physical education (PE) teacher on the social contact she had with pupils when teaching them PE. The article examines a two-dimensional aspect of a teaching situation relating to swimming instruction in PE, especially focusing on pupils' positive experiences of learning to swim and the teachers' interpretations of pupils' behaviour in these situations. The pupils' physical activities have perception qualities or special vitality, which means self-declaration and identity formation through mastering the skill of swimming and the vitality of swimming for the pupils, while for teachers, it is self-declaration and identity formation as a teacher of PE accomplished through mastering teaching tasks and the vitality of teaching. The article focuses on teachers' interpretations of the pupils' behaviour in PE, which is closely connected to its historical circumstances, and is in the middle of something with a beginning and a direction of something in the future. Teachers see pupils in a framework of stories created by them and the pupils together. These stories are not primarily about what goes on in their minds, but rather about what occurs in their common shared world, and about how they understand and respond to what occurs in this world dominated by bodily movement in PE classes. The article then looks at the qualities teachers perceive in their teaching and the importance this has for their professional understanding of self and learning of knowledge on the profession.


Measurement of perimeters of planar shapes from their digitized images is an important task of computer vision systems. A general methodology for the design of simple and accurate perimeter estimation algorithms is described. It is based on minimizing the max- imum estimation error for digitized straight edges over all orienta- tions. Two new perimeter estimators are derived and their perfor- mance is tested on digitized circles using computer simulations. The experimental results may be used to predict the performance of the algorithms on shapes with arbitrary contours of continuous curvature. The simulations also show that fast and accurate perimeter estimation is possible, even for objects that are small relative to pixel size. Index Terms-Binary images, digitized planar shapes, estimation of perimeter, line drawings, perimeter measurement of quantized ob- jects.


Meeting in Rome in June and July 1998, 130 national delegations concluded six years of preparatory work by signing a treaty to create an International Criminal Court (ICC).1 The process broke new ground in a number of areas. There was, for example, unprecedented participation by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), and there was a broadly shared satisfaction that the development of public international law was being institutionalized in a permanent court. It had been fifty years since the Nuremberg and Tokyo trials had provided the first real impetus for such a body,2 and the world had passed through the intermediate stages of ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda,3 which were created by the United Nations Security Council. But the world's leading power, the United States, which had been a prime mover for the creation of the ICC, joined a tiny minority of largely rogue nations in voting against the completed product, which passed by a 120-to-7 margin.


Changes in generator design during recent years have led to machines with inherently higher impedance; consequently, when the generator is subjected to fault conditions such as earth faults or phase-to-phase short circuits in the distribution network, the level of fault current is reduced in relation to the rated current of the generator. These lower levels of fault current make the selection of protection equipment more critical, particularly when the device is required to operate with very little delay after the application of a fault. (When faults are remote from the generator, there will in general be sufficient fault current to operate the protection equipment). The Author, of Newage Engineers Ltd/Stamford Generators, discusses these problems in the selection of protection equipment, and explains the relevant principles with the aid of a graph in which typical characteristics of a circuit breaker and fuse, and of the generator for which these devices have been selected, are plotted. It is shown inter alia that, for early rupturing, the fuse requires fault current well inexcess of that provided by the generator, and may be useless as a protection for it. The circuit breaker (which has magnetic and thermal trips) is shown to have its limitations; these are discussed, together with the need for back-up protection for the generator. The Stamford "C" range Series 3 control system incorporates a circuit which de-excites the generator and thereby provides back-up protection; the advantages of this system are explained. Order from BSRA as No. 49,057.


Underground wireless sensors (UWASNs) are intended to serve a range of needs for global research and marine management. For some of these uses, the network of several sensors is positioned underwater at various depths. These nodes need multi-hop transmission, which is made possible by efficient routing design, but the seafloor located IoT devices seem to be unable to connect without a hitch to any network that are near to the base level. The occurrence of uninhabited areas along the route may also have an impact on the overall efficacy of UWASNs. Therefore, the empty zone may be avoided by choosing the optimum introduction. The optimum routing node is chosen based on the strength of the connection, average energy, depth fluctuation, and length difference. An orientation is another factor that is taken into account while selecting the optimum forwarder node. Using the theory of the maned wolf optimization issue, the best course of action is determined. The suggested approach extends the life of the network and also balances network energy by avoiding the vacant zone. Utilizing the Matlab program, power and depths variability pragmatic void avoidance systems, and analyzing deep and moving area split knowledge routes, the suggested work is evaluated. In this study, a 180-unit setup with a configurable radio range of up to 1000 m yields a 96% total packet delivery ratio. This brings down the mean number of deceased nodes and the end-to-end time, respectively, to 53% and 145. This strategy also decreases latency and lengthens the overall network lifespan. Additionally, this strategy leads to the production of digital data books falling by 55%. In addition, the results section provides a variety of additional evaluation standards.


The aim of the study is to estimate the monthly rate of cesarean section (CS) in Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital and to evaluate the most common indications for cesarean section, and some factors such as: maternal age, parity; as well as Apgar scoring for fetal outcomes of cesarean sections for (391) audited cesarean section done at Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital in Aden Governorate from January 1st to June 30th 2011. A retrospective descriptive review of cesarean section files was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Al-Wahda Teaching Hospital. There were a total of 2741 deliveries performed during the six months period with cesarean section of 391, giving a rate of 14,26% of the total deliveries. The majority were primary cesarean sections (66.75%) while the remaining (33.25%) were repeated cesarean sections. This rate was not running in a harmonious flow each month. It was noticed that in April 2011, the rate was the highest (21.23%), and the lowest rate was On May(7.93%). Nearly half of the cesarean sections were pluripara (48.8%), and the age groups from 21 to 40 years represented a percentage of (85.4%). The main three indications of CS were cephalo- pelvic disproportion (28.39%), breech presentation (13.30%) and fetal distress (11.00%). All still births (SB) were due to a rupture uterus and Abruptio placenta.


This work develops intelligent walking assist robot and gait rehabilitation robot for people with walking disabilities, where distinguishing of abnormal gait is crucial during safe human–robot interaction. Although vision sensors and wearable inertial devices are widely used in fall detection system, shielding of robot mechanical structure brings instability for visual detection method, and utilizing a large number of wearable sensors brings discomfort and complexity for users. Meanwhile, the frequent drag-to-drop gait has never been considered, which is a kind of intermittent state between normal state and fall. It's a major challenge to achieve an abnormal gait recognition system with high stability and good comfort. In this paper, a novel non-contact gait recognition method is proposed, which can identify fall and drag-to-drop gait in a stable and comfortable way. Leg movement data is obtained by a built-in-robot camera, which accurately describes gait law through contrast test and error analysis. New-type ESMF algorithm is proposed to evaluate knee angle precisely and resolve the issue of marker point loss effectively. The comprehensive experiments have shown that this innovative approach calculates accurately knee angle in the walking process so as to recognize the phenomenon of drag-to-drop gait and fall. Additionally, this method having a sound theoretical basis and higher stability solves the issue of marker point loss, which could be applied to a walker with a similar structure for elderly and disabled in a comfortable way.


This paper analyzes the relationship between renewable and non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth for a panel of fifteen European Union countries over the period 1990-2011 within a multivariate framework. The heterogeneous panel cointegration tests present a long-run equilibrium relationship between real GDP, renewable and non-renewable energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and research and development. The Granger-causality results demonstrate unidirectional causality between non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth


As the fundamental component of various bitcoin-derived blockchains, proof-of-work (PoW) scheme has been widely leveraged to provide consensus for maintaining a distributed public ledger. However, the long confirmation time, and hence the slow convergence rate, is far from satisfactory. Alternative paradigms with improved performance have been proposed. Nevertheless, the modification of the underlying mechanism of proof-of-work is relatively less considered. We find that the slow rate of convergence in original proof-of-work is caused by the insufficient measurement of computational power which only gets one bit of information by judging whether attained hash value is smaller than a given target or not. Due to this, we propose the Demo-of-Work (DoW) that assigns the computation work with a score depending on the hash value. We treat an existing blockchain – bitcoin as a global "clock", according to whose block generations our protocol execution is divided into rounds. Thereby, a synchronization is attained to make sure that each participant takes part in DoW for roughly the same time interval so that the fairness can be formalized and proved. Afterwards, we construct an alternative blockchain – AB-chain with DoW and the "clock". This blockchain provides a convergence rate significantly faster than the existing PoW-powered blockchains, without compromising communication complexity or fairness.


The thermal stress after the brazing of diamond film with Ag-Cu-Ti filler alloy is simulated by the nonlinear finite element analysis of ANSYS software.Considering the effect of temperature,the thermal stress from filler is calculated,and the thermal stress in different thickness of filler is given.Then the stress is tested with Laser Raman,and the results proved that the calculated stress in brazing is reasonable and the relative error between them was less than 10%.


OBJECTIVE:Based on the three-dimensional computed tomography(3DCT) simulation images,to compare the differences of the clinical target volume(CTV) and planning target volume(PTV) derived separately from automatic extension and manually delineation based on the gross tumor volume(GTV) of the mid-thoracic esophageal cancer.METHODS:Ten patients with mid-thoracic esophageal cancer,who were planned to be treated by three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy,were collected.The GTV was delineated based on the 3DCT images,on basis of GTV,and CTVauto was automatically created by the planning system with the extended margin of 3 cm in cranial-caudal(CC) direction and 1cm in left-right(LR) and anterior-posterior(AP) directions,CTVmanu was created by manually delineation with the same extended margin in the same direction as CTVauto.Based on CTVauto and CTVmanu,PTVauto and PTVmanu were automatically created by the planning system with the extended margin of 1.5 cm in CC direction and 0.5 cm in LR and AP directions.The volume of the targets,the target contact ratios and the relative displacement of the targets between CTVauto and CTVmanu,PTVauto and PTVmanu were compared.RESULTS:The volumes of CTVauto and CTVmanu were(384.51±92.21) cm3 and(286.0±56.19) cm3,respectively,and the difference of the volumes between CTVauto and CTVmanu was statistically significant(t=7.265,P=0.005);the volumes of PTVauto and PTVmanu were(653.17±141.63) cm3 and(583.56±122.84) cm3,and the difference of the volumes between PTVauto and PTVmanu was statistically significant(t=4.390,P=0.005).The contact ratio between CTVauto and CTVmanu was(75.08±5.49)%,and it was(89.46±7.51)% between PTVauto and PTVmanu,the difference of the contact radios was not statistically significant(t=9.640,P=0.005).The displacements between the centroids of CTVauto and CTVmanu in the directions of LR and AP directions were(0.57±0.19) cm and(0.86±0.52) cm,respectively;and the displacements between the centroids of PTVauto and PTVmanu in the directions of LR and AP directions were(0.52±0.24) cm and(0.99±0.48) cm,respectivey.CONCLUSION:Because of the non-linear line feed of the esophagus along CC direction,it is unreliable for the CTV of primary cancer of the esophagus to be created by automatic extension by planning system,and the extension margins along CC direction should be produced by manual delineation based on the GTV.


Blockchain is a combination of distributed data storage, smart contracts, peer-to-peer transmission, consensus mechanisms, cryptographic algorithms and other means to form an innovative technology, with decentralized, not easy to tamper, the whole trace, traceable, collective maintenance, open and transparent characteristics, in project management has a very important potential value. This paper comprehensively compares the development stages of blockchain technology, describes its application scenarios, and analyzes the needs faced by geological survey project management under the new situation. n this basis, the general idea of applying blockchain technology in geological survey project management is proposed, as well as four key tasks of building a credible blockchain alliance mechanism for geological survey projects, building a collaborative innovation system with the joint efforts of multiple parties, integrating and integrating existing functions based on blockchain technology and exploring the use of blockchain technology to build a scientific research integrity information system, It is expected to provide theoretical guidance and reference for the application of blockchain technology to promote intelligent and accurate management of geological survey projects.


COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. This disease disrupted the functionality of the global economy, and the agriculture sector was not spared. It is in this context that this paper aims at assessing farmers' perceptions about the perceived shocks of COVID-19 on the side of demand and supply of agricultural commodities. The study was guided by three objectives viz to investigate the perceptions of farmers on the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the demand for agricultural commodities, to explore the perceptions of farmers on the effects of COVID-19 pandemic on the supply of agricultural commodities and to analyze the factors affecting farmers' perceptions of COVID-19 pandemic on demand and supply of agricultural commodities in Nyamasheke district. The target population size was 6237 composed of farmers of three irrigated lands in Nyamasheke District. Yamane's formula for the sample size determination was used to find the sample size of the respondents which was 376 and then stratified and systematic sampling procedures were employed to get 174 farmers in Kirimbi, 114 farmers in Mugonero and 88 farmers in Kamiranzovu irrigated lands, respectively. This study employed both descriptive and inferential statistical tools to analyze data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data on the perceptions of farmers towards COVID-19 pandemic effects on the demand and the supply for agricultural commodities while the inferential statistics were used to estimate the logit of farmers' perceptions on COVID-19 pandemic effects of demand and supply of agricultural commodities in the area under study. Results from the descriptive statistics revealed that 326 (86.7%) farmers agreed that COVID-19 pandemic has affected the demand of agricultural commodities while 244 (64.9%) farmers confirmed that COVID-19 pandemic has affected the supply of agricultural commodities in the area under study. The output of the model revealed that the independent variables that significantly contribute to the logit of the dependent variable were farming experience and labor. During the COVID-19 pandemic, farmers encountered several challenges that disrupted their livelihoods including changes in household consumption patterns, changes in market functionalities, discontinuity of the planned training and field visits, and low number of farmers in the farms. Researchers recommend that farmers' purchasing power should be reinforced by providing financial support to them through lowering interest rates on loans. Key words: Demand, supply, COVID-19, pandemic, agricultural commodities, binary logistic regression, Rwanda


Our preliminary immunohistochemical examination revealed that c-myc protein was localized in the cytoplasm of both normal and neoplastic cells. This finding did not correlate with the reported nuclear localization of c-myc protein by other analyses. To clarify this discrepancy, we investigated whether the cytoplasmic localization of c-myc protein in our preliminary immunohistochemical studies reflects true physiological habitat of the protein or the results of an artifact which occurred during tissue processing. For the immunohistochemical localization of c-myc protein, rabbit antisera against synthetic peptides which correspond to a portion of c-myc were utilized. Fixation conditions were examined by varying the temperature, the salt concentration, as well as the duration of fixation. With conventional fixation conditions used for the routine immunohistochemical localization of proteins, such as fixation with a solution of 4% formaldehyde with low salt concentration at low temperature, the c-myc protein was found in the cytoplasm of HL-60 cells, some gastric carcinoma cells, intestinal crypt epithelial cells and spermatogonia in seminiferous tubules from human and regenerating hepatocytes from rat. Whereas, when these cells and tissues were fixed at 42°C with a fixative containing 4% formaldehyde and a high concentration of NaCl, the c-myc protein was found in the nuclei of these cells. These results suggest that during fixation the c-myc protein translocates from nucleus to cytoplasm. To prove that these c-myc proteins were the product of the cells, in situ hybridization of c-myc mRNA was carried out using dinitrophenyl labeled c-myc cDNA. The gastric carcinoma cells which contained c-myc protein in their nuclei were morphologically similar to those contained the c-myc mRNA. The co-existance of c-myc protein and c-myc mRNA suggests that the c-myc protein found in the nuclei was the product of the cell.


Thank you for reading knots and feynman diagrams. Maybe you have knowledge that, people have look hundreds times for their favorite readings like this knots and feynman diagrams, but end up in harmful downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of coffee in the afternoon, instead they juggled with some harmful virus inside their computer. knots and feynman diagrams is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library spans in multiple locations, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Kindly say, the knots and feynman diagrams is universally compatible with any devices to read.


The outsider might wonder whether, in its tenth year, the Text Retrieval Conference would be a moribund workshop encouraging littl e innovation and undertaking few new challenges, or whether fresh research problems would continue to be addressed. We feel strongly that it is the later that is true; our group at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHU/APL) participated in four tracks at this year's conference, three of which presented us with new and interesting problems. For the first time we participated in the filtering track, and we submitted off icial results for both the batch and routing subtasks. This year, a first attempt was made to hold a content-based video retrieval track at TREC, and we developed a new suite of tools for image analysis and multimedia retrieval. Finally, though not a stranger to cross-language text retrieval, we made a first attempt at Arabic language retrieval while emphasizing a language-neutral approach that has worked well i n other languages. Thus, our team found several challenges to face this year, and this paper mainly reports our initial findings.


Objective To study the distribution of plasmids in drug resistance bacteria of nosocomial infections.Methods R?plasmid of isolates resistance to antibiotics were analyzed by plasmid profile,restriction endonuclease profile,plasmid-removal and conjugation experiments.Results The gram-negative bacteria were main components in nosocomial infections (79.6%),71% of these gram-negative bacteria containing R?plasmids in which DNA size ranged from 2.3 kb to 23.1 kb.After elimination of plasmid,75.2% of P.aeruginosa that were originally resistant to cefozdinum,gentamicin,ampicillin,and corbenin turned to be sensitive.The results thus showed that the drug resistance of these bacteria were related to their plasmids.The others (24.8%) still maintained drug resistant.20 kb plasmid of P.aeruginosa could be transformed into receptor bacteria.These receptor bacteria were then changed into drug resistance as P.Aeruginosa.This indicated that the plasmids could be transmitted between different species of same genus.The plasmids also tended to be a kind of "epidemic plasmid".Conclusion The gram-negative bacteria are main components in nosocomial infections.The plasmids play an important role in transmission and in developing epidemic of resistant bacteria.


A data server (18) for document processing Extensible Markup Language "XML", comprising: a cache (31) codebooks for storing a plurality of codebooks for transcoding XML documents comprising each book code a set of lookup tables that maps between XML tags or attributes and their corresponding tokenized equivalents; a system (30) codebooks including the cache (31) codebooks and is configured to receive a request for a requested code book from a mobile wireless communication device (12) or the data server (18) and to determine whether the requested code book is stored in the cache (31) codebooks; and a generator (34) codebook configured to generate the codebook requested using an embedded or external definitions XML of said XML documents when requested code book is not stored in the cache (31) books code; wherein the system (30) codebooks is further configured to transmit the requested code book in response to the request.


In this paper, it is established that quantum nilpotent algebras (also known as CGL extensions) are catenary, i.e., all saturated chains of inclusions of prime ideals between any two given prime ideals $P \subsetneq Q$ have the same length. This is achieved by proving that the prime spectra of these algebras have normal separation, and then establishing the mild homological conditions necessary to apply a result of Lenagan and the first author. The work also recovers the Tauvel height formula for quantum nilpotent algebras, a result that was first obtained by Lenagan and the authors through a different approach.


The purpose of this study is to investigate risk disclosure in listed Greek companies. The effects of the financial crisis were also considered.,This study aimed to determine the risk-reporting practices of Greek's non-financial companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange through a content analysis of their annual reports.,Risk identification and anticipation protect businesses and create shareholder value. In recent years, particularly since the economic crisis, risk has become one of the most important business issues. This study concluded that during the crisis, there was an increase in disclosure. Financial, personnel and legal risks were the most reported types of risk. This study also found liquidity to be a very important issue.,Content analysis has limitations because subjectivity cannot be eliminated. This study measured only the quantity, not the quality, of risk disclosure. The quality of risk reporting will be examined in future research.,This is the first study on risk disclosure in the non-financial companies listed on the Athens Stock Exchange to conduct a content analysis of the corporate annual reports.


In this paper, we researched the analysis methods of composite structure from a quantitative point of view. Based on reasonable assumptions, the research contents of the upper and lower repair tolerance were pointed. It was proposed that the remaining strength of damaged structural components should be used as the parameter index to analyze the lower repair tolerance, meanwhile calculating the parameter via the model of stress and interference. We could then confirm the conclusion by contrasting the references. To analyze the upper repair tolerance, we considered mainly technical level and economical efficiency, from which the upper limit could be ascertained.


This report describes and analyzes the Chemical Safety and Preparedness Act and H.R. 4024, the Ensuring Access to Clean Water Act of 2014.


The use and disclosure of personal information is a recognisable trend in modern information society. The integration and aggregation of such information introduces potentially critical privacy issues, like unintended information disclosure. The European research project digital.me is focused on the development of a tool empowering users to keep track of disclosed information by offering an intelligent UI and smart trust and privacy advisory. A user-centric trust metric has been developed as a central technique and is being utilised in order to give privacy advisory to users sharing sensitive information. Besides giving those advisory in private context, this functionality is being used in a business scenario, where the di.me platform is connected to a Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tool. In this context, the trust metric was validated against three mediating conditions for technology acceptance: utility, usability and privacy concerns. Field trials involving 447 CRM operators showed positive results for all three conditions.


In order to improve the reproductive ability of Boer goats,two methods were applied to research the synchronous estrus of Boer goats.The results showed that the synchronous estrus rate of CIDR method were significantly different(P0.05) from that of two-injection method of PG.The estrous peak of Boer goats was in 48 hours after injected hormone.Two superovulation methods were applied to treat 150 Boer goats in order to improve population quantity of Boer goats.The results showed that the average number of collected ova of FSH+CIDR+PG method was obvious difference(P0.05) from that of FSH+HCG method,and the average number of obtaining embryos and the available embryos and the rate of obtaining embryos wasn't significant difference(P0.05) between the two methods.The results verified that the superovulated effect was obviously influenced by the estrous delay of Boer goats.This study provided the reference basis for the large-scaled transfer of the embryos of Boer goats.


In this retrospective essay reviewing the implications of Joseph Schwab's essay, 'The practical: A language for education' (2013 [1970]), 40 + years after its first publication, I identify two 'practicals'. The first is a comprehensive 'Practical 1.1' embracing ends, subject matter, problem source and methods. This 'practical' has radical implications for curriculum studies, and for educational theory and research more generally. However, these implications have not been recognized. On the other hand, Schwab's deliberation-centred interpretation of the 'practical', the 'Practical 1.2', has been widely discussed but has not captured the field of curriculum studies because it fails to map onto the structures of most school systems.


The potential risk of As mobility to water bodies was evaluated in the Anllons River basin (Galicia, NW Spain) where Au-As mineralizations have been historically exploited. 50 soil samples of C horizons were sampled on a 1 km x 1 km grid along the river course, including the mineralized zone, and were submitted to an exploratory anal- ysis, followed by a detailed study of the 9 soils with the highest As concentration. Total As ranged between 2 and 489 mg kg-1. As leachability using the standard leaching method DIN 38414-S4 was < 0.03 % of total As. Frac- tionation studies indicated that As is mainly bound to crystalline Fe oxides, justifying its low solubility. As mobility increased up to 124 times by increasing pH or liquid:solid ratio, with respect to the DIN method, whereas the addition of 10 mM phosphate increased As leachability up to 1,000 times, and this effect increased up to 2.3 times with contact time. Although standard leaching methods provide useful information in terms of legal limits or com- parable data between laboratories, they can underestimate As mobility under more realistic scenarios, such as those occurring in soils affected by mining activities or contaminant spillages.


FIELD: physics. SUBSTANCE: radiation sensor (1) for determining the position and intensity of a radiation source has at least one photodetector (2), having a radiation-sensitive surface, a reflector (3) which reflects radiation emitted by the radiation source in specific directions, at least partly towards the radiation-sensitive surface of the photodetector (2). The reflector (3) lies on that side of the radiation sensor (1) which is away from the side where light is incident. The radiation sensor (1) is configured such that its output signal depends on the position of the radiation source, wherein the photodetector (2) lies, at least in part, in the inner space formed by the reflector (3). EFFECT: high accuracy of detection. 15 cl, 9 dwg


A solid-liquid separation apparatus has: an introduction part for water being treated, for introducing water being treated; and a flock growth zone for supplementing solids in the water being treated introduced through the introduction part for water being treated, and growing flock by using the water being treated, wherein the apparatus has: a downward flow zone for causing flock grown in the flock growth zone to flow in one direction from the flock growth zone; a separation zone for separating flock that has flowed down from the downward flow zone from the water being treated that has passed through the flock growth zone; and an upward flow zone for causing the water being treated, from which the flock was separated in the separation zone, to flow upward.


This article looks at the growth of collaborative practice in Canada in the last decade and the legal and Canadian cultural underpinnings influencing this growth. Government recognition of and support for collaborative process has come from both the federal and provincial governments. Statutory support in family law statutes and in ethical standards for lawyers encourage alternate dispute resolution and have helped normalize consensual dispute resolution options. The article also looks at decisions from Canadian courts relating to the practice of collaborative law, including the confidentiality of collaborative process negotiations as set out in the participation agreement and the standard of care necessary for collaborative lawyers.


PURPOSE: A method and a circuit for driving an LCD are provided to control gamma voltage to increase a contrast ratio of a next frame by meaning input R/G/B data for one or several frames, thereby minimizing blurring in motion picture. CONSTITUTION: A circuit for driving an LCD includes adders(102,104,106) for obtaining sums of received red/green/blue data corresponding to a frame, and dividers(112,114,116) for obtaining mean values by dividing the obtained sums by pixel numbers of the red/green/blue data corresponding to a frame. Comparators(122,124,126) compares the mean values received from the dividers with mean values of a previous frame. A gamma lookup table(170) changes gamma of the red/green/blue data per frame by the difference values received from the comparator. The adders and the dividers are operate oppositely.


(57) Abstract: measuring the distance between the walls of the reservoir bag in an exemplary position with ultrasound, by interpolation based on the well-known shape when inflated and contraction of the reservoir bag, to determine the volume of the bag, whereby , to measure the blood volume in the soft shell venous blood reservoir for real time display.


In an earlier paper (Drooz 1965) it was shown that larvae of the elm spanworm, Ennomos subsignarius (Hubner), fed foliage of pignut hickory, Carya glabra (Mill.) Sweet, produced heavier and more fecund adults than those reared on either northern red oak, Quercus rubra L., or white oak, Q. alba L. Campbell[2][1] suggested that somatic, as well as reproductive tissues, might be affected by nutritional differences in the host. To investigate this suggestion, wing length was studied in relation to 4 different host diets.

 [1]: #fn-1


This paper is about studying a 3-component mixture of the inverse Rayleigh distributions under Bayesian perspective. The censored sampling scheme is considered due to its popularity in reliability theory and survival analysis. The expressions for the Bayes estimators and their posterior risks are derived under different loss scenarios. In case, no little prior information is available, elicitation of hyper parameters is given. To examine, numerically, the performance of the Bayes estimators using non-informative and informative priors under different loss functions, we have simulated their statistical properties for different sample sizes and test termination times.


The number of older adults in Japan with dementia including MCI is estimated to increase to 13 million by 2025. The author's earlier study indicated that a top concern among Japanese is dementia. The government also plans to increase the age to receive pension, which means older adults must work much longer. Purpose: To identify any benefits of working beyond retirement age from a dementia point of view.


Thermal process schedules were evolved for baked soybean canned in 2.5% brine (pH 5.66) and in tomato sauce (pH 4.98). The cold point of plain A 21/2 cans filled with brine and tomato sauce were found to be on central axis 2.0 cm and 4.0 cm above the base of the cans. The corrected process time (Pt) to achieve sterilization value (F 0 ) corresponding to 6.0 min for A 21/2 can size at 121.1°C in still vertical retorts calculated by improved general and lethal rate paper methods were found to be 35.6 min and 36.8 min, respectively for baked beans canned in brine and 40.8 min, and 40.4 min, respectively for baked beans canned in tomato sauce. Process times were also calculated by six different formula methods. The process times to achieve F 0 value of 6.0 for baked soybean in brine were found to be 34.6 min by Ball's method; 33.7 min by Stumbo's method; 35.7 min by Steele et al method; 38.05 min by Steele and Boards method; 37.7 min and 38.4 min by Pham's methods. The corresponding process time for baked soybean packed with tomato sauce were 37.8 min; 37.8 min; 38.9 min; 37.3 min; 39.9 min and 40.4 min, respectively. Pham's method gave highest process times for both types of canned products. Process time obtained by the method of Steele et al was found similar to the value obtained by the improved general method for baked soybean in brine medium.


While presupposition projection has been explored in depth in theoretical terms, not much is known about possible cognitive processes related to it. We investigate the question of whether projection, which can be seen as a mismatch between the location of where material is introduced syntactically and the level at which it is interpreted, comes with a processing cost that requires additional processing time. In an eye tracking reading study using conditional sentences with German wieder ('again') in the consequent and a preceding context sentence, we varied the relative location in which the presupposition of wieder was supported. We argue that the pattern of results we get reflects a processing cost for projection that directly correlates with the length of the projection path as it would be measured in Discourse Representation Theory (DRT). This perspective on the data crucially relies on the representational mechanisms involved in projection, which implies that a non-representational theory such as dynamic semantics cannot offer the same account. A simple processing hypothesis based on distance from presuppositional support measured in clauses also does not suffice to explain the data. The paper thus offers experimental evidence bearing on fine-grained theoretical choices in presupposition theory. It closes by relating our results to some other recent experimental work on presupposition interpretation.


Cluster analysis is an unsupervised learning method that classifies data points, usually multidimensional into groups (called clusters) such that members of one cluster are more similar (in some sense) to each other than those in other clusters. In this paper, we propose a new k-means clustering method that uses Minkowski's distance as its metric in a normed vector space which is the generalization of both the Euclidean distance and the Manhattan distance. The k-means clustering methods discussed in this paper are Forgy's method, Lloyd's method, MacQueen's method, Hartigan and Wong's method, Likas' method and Faber's method which uses the usual Euclidean distance. It was observed that the new k-means clustering method performed favourably in comparison with the existing methods in terms of minimization of the total intra-cluster variance using simulated data and real-life data sets.


The present invention provides for securely processing client credentials used for Web-based access to resources. A login page with an interface for entering user credentials is presented at a client and entered user credentials are sent to the server. In response to receiving user credentials, the server generates a unique session identifier for the client. The server also derives a digital signature for the user credentials based on a current key in a rotating key store and the unique session identifier. The server then encrypts the digital signature and the user credentials based on an encryption key derived from the current key and the unique session identifier. When encrypted credentials are received back at the client, keys from the rotating key store are used to attempt to validate the credentials. If user credentials can not be validated, a user is again presented with the login page.


Data related to inflation perceptions and personal characteristics are acquired through a questionnaire.By using the idea of cumulative logistic model as the empirical methodological approach,this paper empirically analyzes the factors that lead to the heterogeneity of inflation perceptions through the psychological and external information aspects of the formation of inflation perceptions.The results show that income satisfaction,food price,rent and marketing are the factors with significant effects on the heterogeneity of inflation perceptions.The government should enhance income satisfaction,stabilize prices and regulate houses price and rent in order to decrease the heterogeneity of inflation perception.


Voltammetric studies on the reduction of diacetyl have been carried out in the pH range 0-10 in buffered aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, concentration of diacetyl and sweep rate on the peak current and peak potentia1 is studied using cyclic voltammetry. Only one wave is
observed except in the narrow range of pH 7-8 where two waves are observed. In the case of the first wave, under strongly acidic and slightly alkaline conditions the process occuring at potentials corresponding to the limiting current region 1s controlled by dffusion while it is mixed controlled both by the rate Of dehydration reaction and diffusion at intermediate pH conditions. The second wave which appeared in the pH range 7-8, is found to be diffusion controlled at the limiting current region.
From the steady state voltammetric measurements, the Tafel slopes obtained potentials corresponding to the foot of the first wave are found to be dependent on pH and diacetyl
concentration


In the allowable stress design, the safety of structures have been ensured by safety factor based on static strength. Under dynamic loading condition, the allowable stress based on allowable stress design concept don't include the uncertainty occuring in the service condition. This study tried to estimate the reliability by treating the decrease of strength and the variation of load as random variable, and then the vailidity of allowable stress of rail specified by the Office of Korea National Rail Road as compared with reliability-based allowable stress.


The invention discloses a lithium-ion battery electrolyte formula and a preparation method. The formula comprises ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, vinylene carbonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, ethylene glycol, silicon dioxide and silica sol. When electrolyte is prepared, liquid electrolyte is firstly prepared. The ethylene carbonate, the propylene carbonate, the diethyl carbonate, the dimethyl carbonate, the methyl ethyl carbonate, the vinylene carbonate and the lithium hexafluorophosphate are evenly mixed according to corresponding weight parts. Then the ethylene glycol is heated to 60-70 degrees centigrade. Finally the prepared liquid electrolyte, the silicon dioxide and the heated ethylene glycol are added to the silica sol. All the substances are stirred evenly, thereby obtaining the lithium-ion battery electrolyte. According to the lithium-ion battery electrolyte prepared by the invention, the security performance and the temperature characteristic are superior to the liquid lithium-ion battery electrolyte.


We live in an era of rapid transformation of the European states, which are taking new forms rather than disappearing or being hollowed out. This transformation inescapably touches upon the question of the interaction between a state and its territory. Since there is a growing need to conceptualize this change in statehood from a historical perspective on various margins of Europe, this paper aims at providing a context-sensitive theorization of the gradual transformation of the spatiality of the Keynesian welfare state in Finland. The arguments presented are authenticated by reference to documents on Finnish public investment policy as evidence of the changes in state strategies from the 1960s onwards. The paper concludes that the change from "regimes of security political survival" to "regimes of survival in international economic competition" has inevitably influenced the relationship between the Finnish state and its territory. It also suggests, however, that inertia caused by the embedded spatial culture of the welfare state has hindered the development of a truly international competition state characterized by economic efficiency rather than territorial and social equalization. We therefore conceptualize the contemporary condition of Finnish statehood as spatially promiscuous, in that the Finnish state is becoming an increasingly complex combination of the marketplace model (the glocal state) and one nation politics (territorial integrity).


Eight British Friesian bulls and eight steers were compared in terms of performance and levels of metabolites and hormones in circulating blood. Under conditions of generous nutrition the bulls grew significantly more quickly, exhibited a superior feed conversion efficiency and had lower levels of serum albumin and plasma urea and higher levels of serum growth hormone and prolactin than the steers. Differences in levels of plasma glucose and free fatty acids and serum total protein and insulin were not significant. It is suggested that the superior growth performance of the bulls is due, at least partially, to hormonally mediated differences in nitrogen metabolism that result in a greater deposition of lean tissue and hence increased weight gain.


This article is devoted to the analysis of patterns of c ontemporaneous migration politics in Germany. Authors present their vision of useful models of German legal immigration politics appropriate for the Russian legislation.


With the aim to synthesize the biologically active molecules a variety of novel pyrrolidine chalcones were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation of substituted ketones and 4- Pyrrolidin-1-yl-benzaldehyde. These newly synthesized compounds were characterized by physical, chemical and spectral analysis data and are further screened for their antimicrobial activity using different microbes.


The Pure Film movement to elevate cinema as an art form enjoyed a global following amongst commercial to avant-garde filmmakers and theorists during the interwar period. In East Asia, the influence of this vibrant discourse is perhaps best represented by the widely studied Japanese Pure Film movement, but little is known about its presence in China or the enigmatic figure Liu Na9ou who imported these discourses from the West, via Tokyo to Shanghai. Intended to improve the quality of Chinese films, these modernist film theories inevitably became embroiled in Liu9s political campaign to protect freedom in the arts and entertainment against leftist political dogma of national defense and rising proletarianism. Following Liu9s violent assassination for treason during the Sino-Japanese war, what is now considered Western Classical film theory became subject to the same stigma and taboo that has plagued the writing of Republican-era Chinese film history.


This paper presents a compact and power efficient ultra-violet (UV) dosimeter design. The compact design is achieved by incorporating the principal dosimeter functions onto a CMOS integrated chip. Besides, the external components are arranged in order to minimize the global board BoM (Bill of Materials). On the power consumption side, the CMOS integration aims to reduce the maximum power consumption levels. In addition, a regular sleep/wake-up technique is employed to further decrease the global average power consumption. The high-power blocks are driven by a variable duty-cycle integrated oscillator and turned ON only during short time slots. The device is powered by a primary solar rechargeable battery and a secondary standard emergency battery. The emergency battery is only used when the rechargeable battery gets unable to supply the circuit. The proposed solution aims to prevent any battery replacement during the life-time of the product. An external tri-color LED indicates the skin exposure risk level to UV rays.


There is no widely recognized preventive treatment for patients with paroxysmal hypertension (pseudopheochromocytoma) who suffer recurrent and often severe paroxysmal elevation of blood pressure, repeated emergency room visits and, in many cases, hospitalizations. In this case series we assessed the effectiveness of treatment with an antidepressant in preventing recurrent paroxysms. A secondary exploratory objective was to examine the psychological profile of patients with paroxysmal hypertension and its relationship to response to treatment. Medical records of patients seen between 2004 and 2019 with a diagnosis of paroxysmal hypertension were reviewed; the effectiveness in preventing paroxysms was assessed in those treated with an antidepressant. The charts of 66 patients with who reported having experienced at least 3 symptomatic episodes characterized by sudden onset of symptoms and blood pressure elevation that was not related to perceived emotional distress were selected. Of these, treatment follow-up data were available in 52. Treatment with an antidepressant was offered to 37 patients. Two patients refused treatment, 6 were unable to tolerate an effective dose, 3 were lost to follow-up, and 1 was non-compliant with the medication. Of the remaining 25 evaluable patients, 92% (23/25) responded, with 80% (21/25) achieving complete and persisting cessation of paroxysms, and 8% (2/25), a reduction in frequency. Importantly, an antidepressant was effective in nearly all patients who reported that they were not suffering from anxiety or depression. The data were insufficient to determine superiority of any one antidepressant versus another. We conclude that treatment with an antidepressant is effective in preventing hypertensive paroxysms in a high proportion of patients with paroxysmal hypertension. Given the absence of any other pharmacologic intervention capable of preventing recurrent paroxysms, the similarly high response rate observed in previous reports, and the relatively safe profile of antidepressant agents, the findings support more widespread use of an antidepressant in patients with this disorder to prevent years of continued hypertensive paroxysms and their consequences.


Objetive: To establish the effects on plasma osmolality and serum and urine electrolyte composition of the intake of three beverages with different osmolarities after a high intensity, long duration run in endurance athletes. Methodology: Nine long-distance runners performed 88 minutes of running on a treadmill (1% of inclination at a speed equivalent to 80% of the reserve heart rate), followed by 90 minutes of recovery; at the beginning there was no fluid replacement -dehydrated treatment- (DH); later on three sequential and randomized procedures were used, drinking equal volumes of one of three beverages, namely: hyperosmolar (Hyper), hyposmolar (Hypo) and isosmolar (Iso). Plasmatic osmolality and urinary osmolarity were measured by means of standard laboratory techniques, before and after the running period. Results: In DH, at the end of the exercise period, a hypernatremic and hyperchloremic dehydration was observed (p < 0.05); throughout the procedure there was hyperkaliemia (p < 0.011); at the end of the recovery period there were an urinary volume reduction (p< 0.05) and hyperkaliuria (p < 0.001). Partial replacement of the water loss, with beverages of different osmolarity, attenuated dehydration and the plasmatic changes of sodium and chloride, but not those of potassium at the end of the exercise period, or those of urinary potassium at the end of the recovery period. All studied variables, except for the urinary concentration of chlorine, were associated with the duration of the physical activity (p < 0.03); only the weight loss showed time-treatment association (p < 0.001). There were correlations with all treatments and during all procedures between plasmatic sodium and chloride (r: 0.85-0.96) and between urinary osmolarity and sodium (r: 0.50-0.83). Conclusions: At the end of the physical activity there was, in the DH group, a hypernatremic, hyperchloremic and hyperkaliemic type of dehydration; partial replacement of the water loss, although in the lower level of the recommended volume, attenuated dehydration and the plasmatic electrolytic changes, except for those of the potassium; hyperkaliuria did not change either at the end of the procedure. Few investigations have used the double-blinded model of sequential measurements that was used in the present work.


Tests were conducted to conclude a series of investigations of the aerodynamics of generic, slender, fin-stabilized missiles at supersonic velocities. Previous tests of these missiles exlubited characteristics whlch prompted speculation that turbulent bursts along the missile body were causing excessive variation in the data and perhaps cloudmg the end results. These current tests incorporated a grooved-body model design to ensure fully-turbulent flow along the body, and the results support the idea that turbulent bursts along the previous smooth-body missile configurationS did account for the previously observed phenomena. These tests also validated the previously-reported trends in both drag and pitchmg moment for the velocity range tested. This paper also gives further areas for potential future study as a result of the current tests. These include determining if the drag results from the current tests represent the upper limit for turbulent flow and expandmg the range of test velocities.


In this article it is written about institutional leaders in vocational education and training (VET) refer to those who are appointed or employed in a recognised leadership position to oversee VET programmes and institutions and who have responsibility for the goals set by the organisation that offers VET programmes.


DAI techniques have been applied to a wide range of entities laying claim to the title of "agent." There are almost as many definitions of "agent" as there are researchers. For some, a software module is an agent only if it can travel over a network. For others, agenthood means that the module takes action on behalf of a human user. Still other researchers insist on a certain minimal level of intelligence, or the use of a specified inter-agent language, or the ability to manipulate explicit models of beliefs, desires, and intentions. The lowest common denominator of almost all definitions of "agent," and the definition used in this chapter, is a "proactive object." That is, a software entity is an agent if it has the data and code encapsulation of a software object, its own thread of control (making it an active object), and the ability to execute autonomously without being invoked externally (thus proactive rather than reactive). More formally [77], as illustrated in Figure 1, an agent is a bounded process, a subset of whose state variables are coupled across the boundary to the state variables of the environment. As shown in the figure, it is useful to conceive of agents as interacting with one another only by way of their shared environment (even when this environment is simply a telecommunications network).


Ad-hoc Social Network (ASN) is a mix of social network and ad-hoc network. Today most of mobile phones are provided with Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Cellular radio and able to support ad-hoc communication mode. Communications between nodes in Ad-hoc Social Networks (ASNETs) based on the nodes' social features like social graph, human mobility pattern, similarity, centrality, community, and their strength. However, with increasing growth of social networks, reliable and congestion-free communication becomes difficult due to its complexity and dynamic nature of user movement. The existing system control overhead and provide reliable transmission for popular packets in ad-Hoc social networks. However, this solution is not suitable for ASNETs where the allocation of bandwidth is based on social popularity of nodes. In order to make efficient use of bandwidth, a newest version of TCP named TCP Vegas is used to estimate the available bandwidth using bandwidth estimation scheme. This scheme improves transmission reliability by assigning bandwidth to users based on their popularity levels. Keywords—Mobile node, Ad-hoc network, availability, mobile nodes, round trip time, degree centrality, collision avoidance, TCP Vegas ----------------------------------------------------************************----------------------------------------


Unattended sleep studies have lower costs, facilities of a less complex exam. They allow a higher number of studies to be realized and may improve the screening of severe OSA in children. Aim: to analyze the quality of unattended sleep studies in children on a waiting list for adenotonsillectomy (AT). the frequency of failure, which age group was more exposed to failure and which sensor was more easily lost. Methods: During the last three years children, aged 2 to 12 years, realized type 3 unattended polysomnography for severe OSA screening. All children showed clinical symptoms of OSA as snoring, observed apneas and tonsilar hypertrophy with indication of AT. Children with neurologic disease and/or genetic syndromes were excluded. We analyzed the frequency of failure of first night exam in different age groups, and the sensor more easily lost. Results: Of the 135 children, 69 were aged 3 to 6 years old; most of them were boys (57.8%). In a total, 38.6% of the children confirmed severe OSA. As much as 28.1% PSGs failed at first night, more frequently (47.2%) in age group 3 to 4 years old. The sensor for airflow showed the highest error index. Failure was higher at first year of our experience (52%) with improvement and a lower rate in the third year (15%). Conclusions: Unattended sleep studies are helpful for severe OSA screening. Children aged 3-4 years showed highest failure rate, probably as they have a more restless sleep and are more difficulties for cooperation when putting on the equipment. Flow sensor was lost more easily during the night, mostly due to difficulty in fixing it in the face. Good training of the team is fundamental, as an optimal fixation of the sensors is crucial for an acceptable result.


Background
Acromioclavicular dislocation is a common clinical injury . Conservative treatment is usually applied for Rockwood types I and II, while Rockwood types III-V are mainly treated with clavicular hook plate or button plate. Although clavicular hook plate is simple to operate, there are some complications that are difficult to overcome. Moreover, the removal of plate is required. TightRope overcomes many drawbacks of clavicular hook plate and is minimally invasive. Thus, this strategy is widely used. However, the button plate treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation requires higher technique. Furthermore, there will also be some complications.

Methods
1.The Object of Study: From January 2014 to April 2018, 77 cases of Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation were treated with TightRope (Arthrex, USA) button plate, including 54 males and 23 females. The age ranged from 20 to 72 years with an average of 48.31 years. As all cases are unilateral, 35 cases had the right side affected, and 42 cases had the left side affected. Among them, there were 16 cases of traffic injury and 61 cases of falling injury, and all the dislocations were fresh. All patients were diagnosed by shoulder X-ray, and the main physical examination was positive. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 to 144 hours. 6 cases failed. 2. Operative Method: The patient was in supine position with shoulder pad under the affected side. An 2-4 cm incision was made transversely on lateral clavicle above corocoid . The skin, subcutaneous, deep fascia and platysma cervicalis were cut open layer by layer , and a small amount of deltoid clavicle attachment was dissected to reveal the lateral segment of clavicle and the coracoclavicular ligament. A 2.0 mm guide needle was used to drill through clavicular shaft to the base of coracoid process. After satisfactory position was confirmed with C-arm fluoroscopy, a 4.0 mm hollow drilling was used to build the tunnel of clavicle and coracoid . TightRope rectangular buttons were penetrated through the skeletal tunnels with the help of pulling guide wire. As the rectangular buttons were confirmed to be located below coracoid process under fluoroscopy, a cable was tightened to make the subcoracoid buttons horizontal. In this way, the buttons were stuck in the cortex below coracoid process based on the preoperative design. Later, the adjustment of fiberwire tension and the knot fixation were carried out. The reduction was satisfactory under fluoroscopy, and the wound was closed layer by layer. 3. Postoperative Management: On the first postsurgical day , slight shoulder swing and vertical arm circle exercise were started. Passive exercise was allowed. Patients were encouraged to lift the affected side in a tolerable range using the healthy side (without angle restriction) . At rest, the affected limb was in passive sling. Four weeks later, all-directional active activities were encouraged until the ROM returned to normal, and daily activity was gradually resumed. Normal weight-bearing was permitted after three months. Follow-up was made regularly after the surgery, and rehabilitation guidance was given. 4. Evaluation Method: After 3 months' follow-up, the Constant score system was used: including pain (15 points) , daily activity (20 points) , shoulder range of motion (40 points) and strength (25 points) . Full score 100, excellent (> 90) , good 80-89, medium70-79, poor < 70. 5. Failure criteria: (1) X-ray showed that the degree of dislocation of acromioclavicular joint was Rockwood II or above; (2) Fracture of coracoid process or clavicle resulted in loss of stability on one side of the plate; (3) Imaging comparison indicated that the plate was displaced or not fixed in the bone structure; (4) Shoulder movement was limited at 3 months after surgery, and shoulder pain occurred during passive movement.

Result
All patients were followed up for 3 to 32 months with an average of 14.30 months. The constant score was (93.86±5.59) 3 months after the surgery. There were 68 cases of excellence , 6 cases of good , 2 cases of medium and 1 case of poor. Among them, there were 6 failed cases. The Constant score was (79.17±7.33) 3 months after the surgery. There were 1 case of excellence, 2 cases of good, 2 cases of medium and 1 case of poor . No revision operation was performed in the cases. The causes of failure included 3 cases of skewed construction of bone tunnel (2 cases with the tunnel not located in the center of coracoid process basement and 1 case with the tunnel on the anterior portion of clavicular end) , 2 cases of improper operation (1 case of incorrect placement of button plate and 1 case of multiple-position drilling during the operation) and 1 case of excessive reduction of acromioclavicular joint.

Concussion
Currently , there are many treatment options for Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation. There are complications or limitations in various surgical procedures reported in literature. For example, as the hook plate is commonly used, subacromial impingement syndrome will easily occur after the surgery, resulting in bone abrasion, osteoporosis, absorption or even fracture. Rockwood type III acromioclavicular joint dislocation is the simultaneous rupture of acromioclavicular ligament and coracoclavicular ligament. The acromioclavicular joint is unstable both horizontally and vertically. Therefore, the main purpose of surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation is to restore the normal anatomical relationship of acromioclavicular joint and to reconstruct its stability. Among them, the coracoclavicular ligament is one of the most important structures to maintain the stability of shoulder joint. It plays an important role in maintaining the static structure and dynamic balance of scapular ligament. Repairing or reconstructing coracoclavicular ligament is the key point for the surgical treatment of acromioclavicular joint dislocation. TightRope technology can effectively reconstruct coracoclavicular ligament, which has more advantages in biology. Thus, it has been used more and more in recent years. The advantages of TightRope's reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament are: (1) small incision, small tissue trauma and no extensive dissection during operation; (2) The anatomical reconstruction of coracoclavicular ligament is more in line with the biological characteristics of acromioclavicular joint, and the incidence of postoperative pain and discomfort is low, which is conducive to postoperative rehabilitation; (3) no secondary surgical removal is required. However, TightRope technology has its own drawbacks . There were 6 cases of failure in this group. The causes of failure were analyzed as follows: (1) skewed bone tunnel construction. In TightRope's operation, the acromioclavicular joint is generally reduced first, and then the clavicular tunnel is constructed from clavicular end to coracoid process base. However, the rigid obstruction of clavicle to drill bit and the operation angle will lead to the deviation of guide pin positioning. In this group, 2 cases suffered from avulsion of the lateral margin of coracoid process or the steel plate cutting into coracoid bone during functional exercise due to the deviation of coracoid drilling from the center of basement. In addition, for the location of the insertion hole at clavicular end, most scholars recommend to drill 1/3 of the anterior and middle clavicle. Baker et al. studied the effect of the position of clavicular hole on acromioclavicular joint. It was found that the closer the foramen was to the front, the smaller the displacement of acromioclavicular joint was. However, if the position was too far ahead, the holding force of clavicular end plate will be reduced, and the shear force of cable to clavicle will be increased. In this group, one case failed because of the anterior position of clavicular end tunnel. (2) improper operation: repeated positioning or drilling of Kirschner wire can damage the bone of clavicle and coracoid process, which leads to the decrease of bone strength. In addition, due to improper operation, the failure of loop plate being effectively fixed below coracoid process will lead to loss of reduction. (3) Overreduction: The normal coracoclavicular space was 6-14 mm with an average of 10 mm. TightRope technology restores coracoclavicular spacing by adjusting the tension of FiberWire loop. In practical application, the tightening degree of coracoclavicular ligament depends entirely on subjective feeling and rough measurement of the operator, so there might be errors in reconstructed coracoclavicular ligament. Some scholars emphasized that excessive reduction should be given in order to avoid loss of reduction. However, we found that excessive reduction can also cause high tension of the loop, which increases the shear force of loop steel plate on clavicle and coracoid process and leads to the instability of steel plate during rehabilitation exercise after the operation. (4) Osteoporosis: In patients with osteoporosis, osteolysis under the steel plate can easily lead to plate slippage. This technique is not recommended for the patient with osteoporosis. To sum up, TightRope's elastic fixation for acromioclavicular dislocation is more in line with the concept of modern orthopaedic biological fixation. This technique has achieved certain clinical effects. Through the analysis of failed case, however, it is also found that this technique has certain drawbacks . The causes of failure may be severe osteoporosis, skewed tunnel construction, excessive joint reduction and so on.

Key words:
TightRope; Acromioclavicular joint; Dislocation; Failure; Constant score


In recent years, the use of natural extracts has been an alternative in the control of pest insects in the search for a balance between the environment, production and the human being (Molina 2001). In the present work the objective was to conduct a study of the effectiveness of two aqueous extracts of the aromatic plants ruda and epazote as well as a combination of both for the control of white flies. The trial was done under a completely randomized experimental design with three treatments and ten laboratory repetitions. The tests were carried out on bean leaves infested with white flies and placed in Petri dishes covered with anti-aphids mesh, which were sprayed with undiluted extracts. Subsequently, a statistical analysis was carried out by means of an ANOVA and comparison test of means with the data thrown based on the number of dead flies. The study showed that the treatment developed by the combination of ruda and epazote extracts was the most effective. This study was carried out with the purpose of making contributions as an alternative for the natural control of bemisia tabaci.


Despite the important role that Carthago Nova (Hispania Tarraconensis) played as a commercial harbour in Roman times, our knowledge of the city's amphoric production and its ager is almost non-existent today. Amongst its main economic activities, only the production related to mining and metallurgy appears to have been clearly exported. Further to the absence of potter's workshops in the first centuries of the Empire, there is a lack of installations linked to certain products such as the local garum, so celebrated by ancient sources. However, this situation contrasts with the development of numerous figlinae along the coastline from the 4th century A.D., which can be explored in more detail through the study of new materials. This paper presents a state of the art on the containers manufactured in Cartagena and its hinterland between the 1st and 5th centuries AD, thus providing innovative approaches and understandings on the productive context of the city and its economic development in Antiquity


Abstract : In order to get improved Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) measurements in the LCC, two glass windows were acquired. The windows were specified to have surface and material quality suitable for quantitative LDV measurements, and much higher than that achievable with existing acrylic windows. Quantitative LDV measurements were taken of the flow in the empty channel both through the new glass window and through an acrylic window in order to compare window performance. The glass windows were found to show benefits for use with LDV in increased measurement accuracy, increased access to the flowfield, decreased time to obtain measurements, and increased capability to make spectral measurements.


A quadratically convergent Newton method for computing the polar decomposition of a full-rank matrix is presented and analysed. Acceleration parameters are introduced so as to enhance the initial rate of convergence and it is shown how reliable estimates of the optimal parameters may be computed in practice.To add to the known best approximation property of the unitary polar factor, the Hermitian polar factor H of a nonsingular Hermitian matrix A is shown to be a good positive definite approximation to Aand $\frac{1}{2}(A + H)$ is shown to be a best Hermitian positive semi-definite approximation to A. Perturbation bounds for the polar factors are derived.Applications of the polar decomposition to factor analysis, aerospace computations and optimisation are outlined; and a new method is derived for computing the square root of a symmetric positive definite matrix.


Video transmission has become the major traffic on the network and streamed video service has gained its popularity with the wide spread of smart devices. Content Delivery Network (CDN) and Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) were thus introduced to avoid severe delay for video streaming services. A CDN moves the video content to the surrogate servers and MEC provides computation and storage at edges, which reduces the transmission latency and improves overall service performance. This paper presents an adaptive unicast and multicast video streaming service system that efficiently utilizes the CDN, MEC and layered video coding to reduce the latency of the user's request and enhance the Quality of Experience (QoE).


Channel financing (CF) has emerged as a transformational paradigm in supply chain management. It is an effective tool for managing the interdependencies between the physical and the financial supply chains. It is also a win-win proposition for all the supply chain partners. In this paper, 6 dimensions of CF have been identified. Organizational study has been carried out in 60 Indian companies to find out the challenges faced by them in CF and determine desirable solutions. Perceptual study has been carried out with 300 CF experts to identify and examine the desirable characteristics of CF information technology (IT) platform. It comes out that visibility of entire supply chain financial information; channel collaborations; and leveraging external expertise for financial risk sharing are the cornerstone of value creation. Furthermore, integrated CF IT platform provides better security for financial information exchange as well as better data consistency for process integration over singular optimization.


This article talks about the analysis of brain potential diagram of autistic children through neurolinguistics.The subject of the research is the autistic children at the beginning program, intermediate program, and advanced program. Those subjects can use verbal expression. Based on the analysis, it found the differences between those subjects. The value of brain potential diagram for autistic children at early program is 4, for middle program is 8, and for the advanced is 12. So that, brain potential of children with autistic children at advanced is better than two other program. It is proved that the brain potential of children with autistic children can be improved through a good therapy program.


The growing emission of carbon dioxide (CO2), combined with its ecotoxicity, is the reason for the intensification of research on the new technology of CO2 management. Currently, it is believed that it is not possible to eliminate whole CO2 emissions. However, a sustainable balance sheet is possible. The solution is technologies that use carbon dioxide as a raw material. Many of these methods are based on CO2 methanation, for example, projects such as Power-to-Gas, production of fuels, or polymers. This article presents the concept of using CO2 as a raw material, the catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide to methane, and consideration on CO2 methanation catalysts and their design.


In this paper we present a novel joint network-channel coding scheme for the time-division Multiple Access Relay Channel (MARC), which combines Bit-Interleaved Coded Modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) based on nonbinary Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) codes, along with the linear combination of blocks of data at the relay. The common receiver iteratively exchanges soft information between a joint soft demapper and the LDPC decoder associated to the transmitting nodes. The performance of the proposed system is compared, in terms of Frame Error Rate (FER) and through intensive Monte Carlo simulations, with the corresponding theoretical outage rate for different values of the spectral efficiency of the overall setup. Two main conclusions are drawn: 1) small FER degradation is obtained as the spectral efficiency increases; and 2) no diversity is lost with respect to the theoretical outage rate.


This is a great paper that fills in the gap that is currently existing in linking large scale ocean to ice-sheet models. At this time, it is probably the best alternative to fully coupled ice-shelf ocean cavity circulation in order to determine basal melt rates underneath ice shelves. The method is based on the Olbers and Hellmer box model (OH10), but extended to two plan-view dimensions. While it encompasses a series of approximation to this simple model, it is superior to current parametrizations used in large-scale ice-sheet modelling relating melt rates to ice draft. The paper is well written and gives sufficient details on how the model is derived from OH10 and implemented numerically.


The purpose of this study was to evaluate Pb, Cr, and Cd levels inside the Anadara granosa and to investigate the effect of submersion using Citrus aurantifolia (lime) and Orthosiphon aristatus (kidney tea leaves) solution on Pb, Cr, and Cd levels contained in the blood cockles taken from 10 markets in the city of Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia (Johar, Genuk, Gayamsari, Jati, Peterongan, Karangayu, Mangkang, Pedurungan, Boom Lama, and Ngaliyan). The concentration of heavy metals of Anadara granosa was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) of blood cockle taken from 10 markets provided no significant difference (P < 0.05) on the content of Pb, Cd and Cr. Purification was carried out using Citrus aurantifolia (lime) and Orthosiphon aristatus (kidney tea leaves) solution. The lowest Pb (0.00 mg kg –1 ) was obtained from Boom Lama and Peterongan market with purification using kidney tea leaves solution, while the lowest Cr [(0.30 ± 0.00) mg kg –1 ]) was obtained from Genuk market with lime solution. In addition, the lowest Cd (0.00 mg kg –1 ) was obtained from Boom Lama market with purification using kidney tea leaves solution. Accumulation of heavy metal contamination in blood cockle could affect the micronutrient status and consumer health.


ABSTRACT In 1986, the Nigerian writer Wole Soyinka was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature. This article considers the role of the Nobel Prize in the construction, promotion and cementing of literary celebrity, addressing the ways in which the prize augments Soyinka's literary and political renown, already substantial at the time of the award. The article takes as its focus Soyinka's Nobel Prize lecture and his decision to leverage the global platform afforded him to highlight the struggle against apartheid. The lecture is structured around a refusal to concede the exceptionalism of the South African state, and around a framing of apartheid as a pan-African catastrophe. In the Nobel Prize lecture, Soyinka levels a comprehensive accusation against European racism which he conceives as directly implicated in the ideological underpinning of apartheid policies. Dedicating the address to Mandela and taking his life as a paradigm, Soyinka uses his own presence in Stockholm as a subversive supplement to Mandela's absence and addresses the crimes of apartheid both within their particular temporal and geographical context and as a means to expose the global scourge of racism.


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Rice is premier food crop of Asia and is cultivated in a variety of ecosystems. Twenty six medium duration Indica/Japonica, Recombinant Inbred Lines (RILs) of the cross IR50 × Moroberekan cross, their parents and popular rainfed aerobic rice varieties MAS 946-1, Rasi and Sahabhagi Dhan were evaluated under rain fed, drought and aerobic conditions with objective of identifying genotype for aerobic and stress situations. Observations were recorded for plant and yield traits. Field evaluation during wet season revealed significant differences among the means of genotypes except for panicle length, drought recovery score, relative grain yield and relative biomass yield under different stress levels during dry season of 2011. RILs IM036, IM095, IM090, IM014, IM167, IM039, IM192 and IM176 performed superior under aerobic condition in wet season while, IM192 and IM176 were superior under rain fed condition also. IM160, IM096, IM104, IM046 IM192, IM109, IM36, IM181, IM14, IM176, IM167 and IM95 were high yielding in aerobic condition in dry season 2011. IM 167 was superior for grain yield under both conditions except under moisture stress period of 60 to 70 Days after sowing (DAS). IM95 was superior for stress period of 100 to 115 DAS and aerobic condition, whereas IM176 for aerobic and stress period 60 to 70 DAS. IM181 was superior under all the conditions after 60 to 75 DAS. IM36 was superior under all the conditions except for stress period 100 to 110 DAS. Superior genotypes identified for both drought and aerobic situations will be recommended for water scarce situation in India.


Coking industry wastes mixed with kerosene and green oil as a surfactant results in a significant improvement in the yield of concentrate and the ash of tailings with a simultaneous decrease in the total reagent consumption. 3 tables.


Scientific applications have an increasing need of resources and many grand scientific challenges require exascale compute capabilities to be addressed. One major concern to achieve exascale is programmability. New automatic methods are required to fill the gap between developers of scientific applications and HPC experts. In addition, as scientific applications are becoming more and more complex and are supposed to run at extreme scale, new tools are required to assist developers in the debugging phase of application development. This thesis explores the combination of static and dynamic methods to improve programmability of HPC applications. Two major issues are investigated: the complexity of programming heterogeneous architectures and the prevention of deadlocks in parallel programs.
The first part of this thesis investigates the automatic task adaptation for heterogeneous architectures. More precisely, we propose a new method to improve programmability of heterogeneous architectures. The programmer expresses the parallelism of his application through a sequence of OpenCL tasks without considering issues related to the underlying architecture where its code will be executed. Then our method automatically partitions the tasks into sub-tasks executed by each device and handles load balancing between the devices to take full advantage of the machine capabilities.
The second part of this thesis investigates the automatic detection and prevention of deadlocks in parallel programs. We propose a novel static analysis to precisely detect execution paths in parallel programs potentially leading to deadlocks. This static analysis is then combined with a dynamic instrumentation of the code to automatically prevent deadlocks at runtime.
The solutions proposed in this thesis have been tested and validated on real parallel applications.


We present final results of a study comparing teriparatide 20 μg every day (QD) with risedronate 35 mg once per week (QW) started within 2 weeks after surgery for a pertrochanteric hip fracture. Patients with BMD T‐score ≤ –2.0 and 25OHD ≥9.2 ng/mL were randomized to receive 26‐week double‐dummy treatment plus calcium and vitamin D, followed by 52‐week open‐label treatment with the same assigned active drug. Primary endpoint was change from baseline in lumbar spine (LS) BMD at 78 weeks. Secondary and exploratory endpoints were change in BMD at the proximal femur, function, hip pain (Charnley score and 100 mm Visual Analog Scale [VAS]), quality of life (Short Form‐36), radiology outcomes, and safety. Data were analyzed with mixed models for repeated measures (MMRM) and logistic regression. Totally, 224 patients were randomized; 171 (teriparatide: 86) contributed to the efficacy analyses (mean ± SD age: 77 ± 7.7 years, 77% females). Mean baseline LS, femoral neck (FN), and total hip (TH) T‐scores were –2.16, –2.63, and –2.51, respectively. At 78 weeks, BMD increased significantly more with teriparatide compared to risedronate at the LS (+11.08% versus +6.45%; p < 0.001) and FN (+1.96% versus –1.19%; p = 0.003), with no significant between‐group difference in TH BMD. Timed up‐and‐go (TUG) test was significantly faster with teriparatide at 6, 12, 18, and 26 weeks (differences: –3.2 to –5.9 s; p = 0.045 for overall difference). Hip pain during TUG test by 100 mm VAS was significantly lower with teriparatide at 18 weeks (adjusted difference: –11.3 mm, p = 0.033; –10.0 and –9.3 mm at 12 and 26 weeks, respectively; p = 0.079 for overall difference). Other secondary and exploratory outcomes were not different. Teriparatide group showed two new hip fractures versus seven with risedronate (p = 0.171) and more frequent hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia. In conclusion, 78‐week treatment with teriparatide showed significantly greater increases in LS and FN BMD, less pain, and a faster TUG test versus risedronate. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.


The chemical composition and microbiological properties of Orgu cheese, locally produced in Turkey, was investigated. The moisture, fat, protein, salt and % acidity were 52.25, 17,86, 19.96, 5.32 and 1.11% respectively while coliform, TAMB, LAB, Lipolytic and proteolytic microorganisms and yeast-mould counts were 3.73, 6.89, 6.78, 5.29, 4.50 and 5.45 cfu/gin success in cheese samples.


IPv6 is a popular direction of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has been designated the Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy networks (RPL) as the standard IPv6 routing protocol for WSNs. Routing metrics are used by RPL to build a Destination Oriented Directed Acyclic Graph (DODAG) as the network topology. And Expected Transmission Count (ETX) is a frequentlyused routing metric for RPL. According to ETX, the Objective Function (OF) to be minimized is the expected total number of packet transmissions required to successfully deliver a packet to the ultimate destination. However, it does not take the Real-time data transmission into the account. In this paper, the ETX_D algorithm which based on ETX is proposed not only to keep the characteristics of ETX searching for reliable links but also to reduce the communication delay. Furthermore, combining the proposed algorithm with ant routing algorithm to reduce the delay of the topology rebuilt. ETX_D has been implemented based on ContikiOS and compared with the standard ETX. The experimental results have shown that ETX_D spends less time in transferring the message successfully.


Polymers comprised of alternating trans-4,4'-azobenzene and helix directing (R)-2,2'-binaphthylene backbone linkages adopt single handed helical conformations in solution that are reversibly distorted by light and heat regulated trans ↔ cis isomerization processes. The replacement of (R)-binaphthylene backbone groups with helix-disrupting 4,4'-diphenylfluorene segments affords permanent changes in some of the properties exhibited by this family of optically active materials. Polymer solubilities in organic solvents like THF and acetone are significantly diminished while thermal stabilities and photophysical behavior remain largely unchanged. Optical rotation magnitudes measured at the sodium D-line drop in a linear manner with the loss of the atropisomeric binaphthylene linkages. However, all of the polymer variants exhibit stimuli-responsive chiroptical behavior when evaluated in DMAC or THF solution environments. Specific rotation magnitudes are reversibly diminished by the near-UV light induced trans → cis isomerization reaction. Optical rotatory power is restored by reverse cis → trans isomerization processes triggered by heat or by visible light illumination. That stimuli-responsive chiroptical properties are exhibited by all polymer variants regardless of their monomer compositions indicates that global helical order along the polymer backbone is not necessarily required for this effect. Rather, isomerization induced perturbations to the local dihedral angles residing in the atropisomeric binaphthylene main chain segments likely serve as the genesis for photo- and thermo-regulated behavior in these materials.


Discourse markers have been studied extensively in linguistics and communication studies. Its use is very helpful in understanding the message conveyed, both in formal and informal situations.  This study examines the discourse markers used by non-native speakers in Good Morning America Talk Show. Unveil the types and their functions, this study uses a qualitative descriptive method in identifying the use of discourse markers. The data were taken from conversations of non-native speakers using Biber et al (1999) theory to determine the types and functions of discourse markers. The results of this study showed that there are ten types of discourse markers interjection, greetings and farewells, linking adverbials, stance adverbials, vocatives, response elicitors, response forms, hesitators, various polite speech-act formulas and expletives. Those markers have variations functions as marker of information management, marker of response, marker of connectives, marker of cause and effect, marker of temporal adverb and marker of information participation. This study has shown that the use of discourse markers varies across languages and cultures. Moreover, the use of discourse markers can also vary depending on the context of the communication.