Multiple sclerosis is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects CNS. It is thought that multiple factors were implicated in the pathology of MS such as immunological factors, vitamin d deficiency, vitamin b12 deficiency or infection by EBV or HHV6. It has a lot of ocular manifestations as optic neuritis, diplopia, oscillopsia, nystagmus and ophthalmoplegia. Fingolimod is the first approved oral drug for RRMS. Macular edema was reported as a side effect of fingolimod after 4 months of use.

 The objectives of the study are screening of retinal side effects of fingolimod used for treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients having no previous ophthalmic complains before starting the treatment. To assess structural changes within the retina using SD-OCT and to correlate these structural changes with the function affection (visual acuity assessment and electrophysiological studies).

 Thirty eyes of fifteen patients were included in this prospective one arm clinical trial study. These thirty eyes belonged to multiple sclerosis patients who will be candidate for treatment with fingolimod (Gilenya). Patients were recruited from MS unit, neurology department, Ain Shams University.

 We found that the mean best corrected visual acuity change after treatment slightly decreased but this was non-significant. IOP measurements were not changed after treatment. Despite the changes in visual acuity; fingolimod associated macular edema did not develop. Among 15 patients (30 eyes), 14 eyes have slightly increased MT, 5 eyes have stable MT and 11 eyes have slightly decreased MT. Regarding electrophysiology follow up there were significant change in P1 amplitude in MfERG in ring 1, and it happened without development of macular edema (ME), as 50% of patients had MfERG changes in spite of the absence of ME. So we recommend doing electrophysiological test (MfERG) in follow up protocol of fingolimod treatment.

 Finglimod is an immunomodulatory drug used for treatment of RRMS, it is the first oral drug approved by FDA for MS. Fingolimod associated macular edema is a known complication with a low incidence. Patients on fingolimod should have baseline and 3 to 4 months ophthalmic examination as a part of their protocol OCT is non-invasive technique used for detection of macular edema and follow up, but in our study we found that after 4 months of treatment by fingolimod, affection of retinal function in same patients may happen before macular edema development, which spots the light on the importance of performing the mfERG as well in the follow up of patients who were treated with fingolimod. Further studies are needed to support our results.


The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ; the central ∼500 pc of the Galaxy) is a kinematically unusual environment relative to the Galactic disc, with high velocity dispersions and a steep size-linewidth relation of the molecular clouds. In addition, the CMZ region has a significantly lower star formation rate (SFR) than expected by its large amount of dense gas. An important factor in explaining the low SFR is the turbulent state of the star-forming gas, which seems to be dominated by rotational modes. However, the turbulence driving mechanism remains unclear. In this work, we investigate how the Galactic gravitational potential affects the turbulence in CMZ clouds. We focus on the CMZ cloud G0.253+0.016 ('the Brick'), which is very quiescent and unlikely to be kinematically dominated by stellar feedback. We demonstrate that several kinematic properties of the Brick arise naturally in a cloud-scale hydrodynamics simulation that takes into account the Galactic gravitational potential. These properties include the line-of-sight velocity distribution, the steepened size-linewidth relation, and the predominantly solenoidal nature of the turbulence. Within the simulation, these properties result from the Galactic shear in combination with the cloud's gravitational collapse. This is a strong indication that the Galactic gravitational potential plays a crucial role in shaping the CMZ gas kinematics, and is a major contributor to suppressing the SFR by inducing predominantly solenoidal turbulent modes.


To discuss two key factors allowance and tolerance which affecting processing time and product quality in agile manufacturing system.The detailed analysis are performed on the factors affecting blank allowance,and the neural net mode for the rapid determination of blank allowance and tolerance are established,the analysis of the examples and the calculation show that the method are reliable and the velocity of the calculation are fast,and the result could meet the production requirement.


The courts assume that jury deliberation corrects errors in jurors' memories, so that the verdict is based on accurate memory for the trial. We evaluated the validity of this assumption by examining jurors' memories and verdicts both before and after deliberation. Unlike previous studies, we tracked how event memories changed as a function of how they were discussed in deliberation. Overall, deliberation resulted in only a slight memory improvement. Deliberation corrected errors and did not introduce distortions. Reasons for such slight memory improvement are that jurors did not think they had memory gaps and thus did not use the deliberation process to improve their memory, and jurors who controlled deliberation were not always the most accurate in their memories. Finally, those most likely to change their verdict as a result of deliberation were not those who had the least accurate memories, but rather those who had the least confidence in their memories. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en


The genotypic difference was one of the critical factors affecting the yield and quality of tobacco.74 tobacco varieties treated with three concentrations of potassium,high(20.00 mmol/L),medium(2.50 mmol/L),and low(0.05 mmol/L) under aseptic condition,were selected as materials to study the potassium nutrition characteristics of tobacco.The results showed that the growth of tobacco was obviously limited,and the fresh weight and dry weight of tobacco were decreased under the low potassium condition.The potassium contents in tobacco leaf were reduced obviously with the decrease of potassium application.The cluster analysis of 74 tobacco genotypes showed that 22 were rich in potassium,45 were high potassium varieties and 7 were low potassium varieties.


BACKGROUND
Interindividual genetic variations and environmental factors both play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The rationale of this study conducted was to analyze the association of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) gene variants, MMP-1 (-1607 1G/2G) and MMP-2 (-1306 C/T) with susceptibility to MetS and its effect on serum MMP level.

METHODS
Study involved 370 subjects with 1:1 distribution of cases and controls. Patients were recruited according to modified NCEP-ATP III criteria for MetS. Clinical, biochemical analysis, PCR-RFLP and ELISA methods were employed for genotyping and estimation of serum MMP level.

RESULTS
Significantly (p<0.001) higher Serum MMP-2 (39.13±19.96 ng/ml) was detected in cases as compared to controls. The MMP-2 (-1306 C/T) was significantly associated with the risk of MetS. The variant genotype TT was significantly associated with increased risk of MetS. (p=0.032; OR=2.31; 95%CI=1.07-4.97). No significant association of MMP-1(-1607 1G/2G) was found with risk of MetS.

CONCLUSION
Our study concluded that presence of MMP-2 (-1306 C/T) might be associated the risk of MetS. Serum MMP2 level was significantly higher in patients and correlated with clinical parameters of MetS. Clinical implication of the work may help to identify the individuals with high risk of MetS and further complications.


Background: Early and affordable identification of subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) who will convert to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a major scientific challenge. Objective: To investigate the neurophysiological hallmarks of sensorimotor cortex function in aMCI under the hypothesis that some may represent the plastic rearrangements induced by neurodegeneration, hence predictors of future conversion to AD. We sought to determine (1) whether the sensorimotor network shows peculiar alterations in patients with aMCI and (2) if sensorimotor network alterations predict long-term disease progression at the individual level. Methods: We studied several transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-electroencephalogram parameters of the sensorimotor cortex in a group of patients with aMCI and followed them for 6 years. We then identified aMCI who clinically converted to AD [prodromal to AD-MCI (pAD-MCI)] and those who remained cognitively stable [non-prodromal to AD-MCI (npAD-MCI)]. Results: Patients with aMCI showed reduced motor cortex (M1) excitability and disrupted EEG synchronization [decreased intertrial coherence (ITC)] in alpha, beta and gamma frequency bands compared to the control subjects. The degree of alteration in M1 excitability and [stability of the dipolar activity (sDA)], discriminated npAD-MCI from MCI who will convert to AD. Discussion: The above mentioned specific cortical changes, reflecting deficit of synchronization within the cortico-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical loop in aMCI, may reflect the pathological processes underlying AD. These changes could be tested in larger cohorts as neurophysiological biomarkers of AD. were calculated using as cutoffs those identified according to the maximum Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. In order to test accuracy, the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute recommends to have ≥ 50 cases to assess sensitivity and 50 controls to assess specificity. This is a proof-of-principle study and does not satisfy such sample size. However, in order to provide information about the precision of our estimates, 95% confidence interval (CIs) were calculated. Specifically, we applied Wilson's method, since it allows to calculate CIs even in the case of 100% sensitivity and specificity, differently from the binomial exact method. The parameters showing the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were sDA and gamma ITC. In particular, sDA (cutoff = 0.86) demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI: 72–100%), specificity of 100% (95% CI: 69–100%), and accuracy of 100% (95% CI: 77–100%), while gamma ITC (cutoff = 0.20) showed a sensitivity of 86% (95% CI: 49–97%), specificity of 83% (95% CI: 44–97%), and accuracy of 85% (95% CI: 58–96%). investigate robustness classification progressive random each percentage and the steps to test the classifiers from the extraction of the parameters which performed best. analysis showed that the performance of the classification process degrades slowly and it suggests the robustness of results.


How to ensure that people share knowledge and increase performance with effective managerial knowledge has become the most important issue in organization. Making profit is not only the main purpose of non-profit organization but also pursuing efficiency what is same as enterprises. As a result, knowledge management is absolutely needed in operation of Non-Profit organization. However, the biggest obstacle of knowledge management is lots of people are not willing to share their knowledge with others. Actually adequately willing to share knowledge among colleagues is the key point of success in organization. Non-profit social welfare and benevolent foundations both are altruistic organization. Among all of members have no gains or losses relations, so they will not impede to share their knowledge. According to the above reasons, the non-profit social welfare organization and benevolent foundation are choosing to be the main subjects of this research. We are also from the personal point of the view to understand the effects of knowledge sharing, members' (obligation duty and non-obligation duty) demographic traits, the personality and analyses the relationships between the willingness and behavior of knowledge sharing. After ANOVA and path analysis researching, we found that different demographic traits lead no obvious influence on the willingness of knowledge sharing, but the behavior of knowledge sharing. About personality traits, the neuroticism attribute has negative correlation with the willingness and behavior of knowledge sharing but the others have positive influence. The conscientiousness attribute has influence on both willingness and behavior of knowledge sharing. Keyword: Personality Traits, Knowledge Sharing PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com


Means, methods and systems provide focusing, focusing and sensing. In some methods, comprising providing a focus greater than the nominal depth of focus of the extended depth of focus. In some methods, the negatively-refractive focusing comprising focusing, having an axial direction which provides an enlarged interior focusing region substantially greater than or substantially less than one. In some methods, focusing and / or focusing comprising focusing using conversion medium and / or focusing, wherein the conversion medium may include artificially-structured material, such as metamaterials.


1. Defining Intercultural Communication Introduction Defining intercultural communication Why study intercultural communication? How to study intercultural communication? Summary Review questions Exercises Glossary References 2. A Layered Approach to Intercultural Communication Introduction A layered approach: Social ecological framework Four layers of intercultural communication Summary Review questions Exercises Glossary References 3. Identity Introduction Characteristics of identity Explaining cultural identities: Development, differentiation, negotiation, and deconstruction Layers of identity Summary Review questions Exercises Glossary References 4. Attributions and Attitudes Introduction Attributions Attitudes Layers of Attributions and Attitudes Summary Review Questions Exercises Glossary References 5. Initial Intercultural Interactions Introduction Types of Initial Intercultural Interactions Explaining Initial Intercultural Interactions: Cultural Adaptation Perspectives Explaining Initial Intercultural Interactions: Communication Strategy Perspectives Layers of Initial Intercultural Interaction Summary Review Questions Exercises Glossary References 6. Intercultural Friendships and Relationships Introduction Friendships Romantic Relationships Layers of Intercultural Friendships and Relationships Summary Review Questions Exercises Glossary References 7. Higher Educational Contexts Introduction Disparities in Educational Outcomes Instructional communication Layered Perspective of Educational Contexts Summary Review Questions Exercises Glossary References 8. The Workplace Introduction Workplace as a Context for Cultural Diversity Benefits and Challenges of Cultural Diversity Intercultural Communication in the Workplace Layers of Intercultural Communication in the Workplace Summary Review Questions Exercises Glossary References 9. Health-Care Contexts Introduction Health Disparities Factors Related to Health Disparities Layers of Health Communication Summary Review Questions Glossary References 10. Intercultural Communities Introduction Community and Culture Challenges to Intercultural Communities Layers of Communities Summary Review Questions Exercises Glossary References 11. MEDIA AND POPULAR CULTURE Introduction Media Production Media Messages Media Reception Layered Perspective of Media Summary Review Questions Exercises Glossary References 12. History(Ies) and Future(S) Shaping Intercultural Communication Introduction Why Does History Matter? Future of Intercultural Communication Layered Perspective of History(ies) and the Future(s) Summary Review Questions Exercises Glossary References


This study explores the effectiveness of gamification as an employer branding strategy on applicant engagement, talent attraction and candidate selection in the Gen Z workforce. Specifically, through a comprehensive literature review, the research identifies person-organisation (P-O) fit and organisational identification as intervening mechanisms for the above outcomes. A pilot study was conducted on 40 Gen Z postgraduate students who had undergone a gamified assessment in their placement process. The participants were asked to rank the top 10 attributes they perceive their organisation to stand for when using gamification as part of the employee selection process. These attributes can also be used to brand their organisation as an employer of choice. This research provides valuable insights for organisations and HR professionals seeking to win the war for talent by enhancing their recruitment efforts through gamification. It underscores the importance of considering factors such as P-O fit and organisational identification in recruitment.


For three hundred years and more the meaning of the figures on the Portland Vase has been a matter for speculation of the most strange and varied character. During the first half of this century there was something of a lull, but ten years ago Professor Erika Simon, after a wide-ranging and sensitive study of all the evidence, put forward a highly ingenious theory connecting the scenes with the ancestry of Augustus and, shortly after, Professor L. Polacco embroidered it further. In 1964 Mr Denys Haynes produced the excellent little book which is on sale at the British Museum: this was reviewed by Professor H. Möbius, who had his own theory, elaborated since in a longer article; and Professor H. Biesantz has exposed the weaknesses of all the solutions, without however propounding one of his own. The wide differences of opinion among these scholars have prompted me to place on record some observations I made twenty years ago, when we first acquired the vase at the British Museum; and I shall take Mr Haynes' book as a starting-point, because it is the latest comprehensive account, and, being persuasively argued, bids fair to hold the field. However, before we begin to examine the vase in detail, a few words must be said on its technique, its date, and the circumstances in which it was made (plates I–IV, VI–VII). The technique was to make a bubble of very dark blue glass, clear but so thick that it cannot be seen through, and over it a skin of white translucent glass reaching as far upwards as the base of the neck: then to join two deep-blue glass handles from the middle of the neck to the shoulder of the vase; and, finally, using the technique of the cameo-carver, to carve, and carve away, the white glass layer in order to produce figures and landscape. The blue glass becomes the background of the scene where the white has been completely removed: where the white has been thinned but not completely removed, the blue provides suggestions of shadow and distance.


The paper is devoted to theoretical and practical aspects of participation of local governments in the protection of consumer rights, defining their role in the national system of consumer protection. The article considers the peculiarities of legal regulation, identifies obstacles to effective consumer protection, justified proposals on improvement of legal regulation in this sphere.


Energy is one of the most involving issues, its use, the way to spread it, and how to reduce its consumption. Because of this, it is important to opt for solutions that determine the final use of energy. The feasibility study of vegetation applied to green roofs for buildings would be a favorable solution to stop absorbing the heat that we consume daily, and at the same time, we produce. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the implementation of generic vegetation on the roof of buildings in Panama, in terms of electricity consumption for cooling, through dynamic simulation. For this, a parametric analysis was performed through the DesignBuilder program, where four plants suitable for the climate of Panama and resistant to solar radiation, high temperatures, and humidity were chosen, which were Tradescantia spathacea Sw., Sansevieria sp., Aloe Vera, and Arachis hypogaea. Employing passive and mechanical mode simulations with 24-hour irrigation systems, it was possible to observe how the temperature inside the building and the heat gains through the roof decrease. This led us to determine the most important parameters of the vegetation layer: plant height, leaf area index (LAI), leaf reflectivity, and stomatal resistance.


Studies were carried out to evaluate the allelopathic potential of four hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars (Millat-2011, AARI-2011, Lasani-2008 and Faisalabad2008) at different growth stages tillering (Z30), anthesis (Z60) and maturity (Z90). The objectives were to ascertain wheat allelopathic potential to suppress emergence and establishment of important grassy and broad-leaved weed species and characterize soil microbial dynamics and enzyme activities under wheat allelopathy. The overall goal was to characterize the variability in wheat allelopathic potential with respect to plant age, cultivarspecific differences, and relevance to soil functional diversity. One field experiment and four wire-house experiments were carried out at the Student Research Area, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Field Experiments: The soil at the experimental site belongs to the Lyallpur Soil Series (USDA classification-Aridisol-fine-silty, mixed, hyperthermic Ustalfic, Haplargid; FAO classification -Haplic Yermosols). Wheat cultivars were sown in 4 m × 10 m field plots, and were maintained either weedy or weed free. Fallow plots (without wheat) were used as a control. Trials were laid out in randomized complete block design with four replications. Data were collected on crop growth, weed density and dry biomass, soil chemical and biological properties. Herbage of wheat cultivars was collected at tillering, anthesis and maturity for biochemical analysis. Weed densities were significantly lower in plots sown with wheat than in control plots. Floristic composition of weeds varied significantly among wheat cultivars and between years. A total of seven broad leaf (swine cress, lambsquarters, blue pimpernel, field bind weed, sweet clover, fathen, fumitory and broadleaf dock), three grassy weeds (canarygrass, and bermudagrass) and one sedge (purple nutsedge) belonging to seven distinct families (Poaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Brassicaceae, Primulaceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae and Convolvulaceae) were identified. Summed dominance ratios of the weeds were in the order: swine cress > lambsquarters > blue pimpernel > canarygrass > field bind weed > purple nutsedge > sweet clover during 2011-12, and swine cress > blue pimpernel > lambsquarters > canarygrass > field bind weed > purple nutsedge > sweet clover during 2012-13. Summed dominance ratios changed during the growing season due mainly to variation in emergence timing of different weeds; sweet clover emerged at 60 days after sowing (DAS) and broadleaf dock at 75 DAS during 2011-12. Sweet clover and broadleaf dock were identified at 45 and 60 DAS during 2012-13, although during 2011-12, these weeds were absent at these times. Total weed dry biomass at 45 DAS ranged from 0.81-1.39 g m -2 during 2011-12 and 0.45-0.83 g m -2 during 2012-13 in plots sown with wheat compared to 13.02 g m -2 and 2.78 g m -2 in fallow plots, for respective years. At 105 DAS, total weed dry biomass was significantly lower (4.96-14.13 g m -2 and 5.02-6.11 g m -2 ) in wheat-sown plots than fallow plots (109.38 and 183.24 g m -2 ) during 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. HPLC profile of allelochemicals revealed that wheat herbage contained eight compounds: gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, protocatechuic acid, p-coumaric acid and benzoic acid. Concentrations of these allelochemicals varied among wheat cultivars and with stage of growth. Concentration of total allelochemicals in


The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was developed as a screening tool for mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Given the need for a rapid screening test in settings such as primary care, we compare the validity of the Rapid Cognitive Screen (RCS) against the MoCA, and determine cut‐off scores in the old and old‐old.


My research examines new ways of persuading citizens to change their behavior towards waste management, and protect the environment. As a first step towards contributing to research, I conducted a user-based study, to find what strategies could be used to motivate national citizens to adopt positive waste disposal behaviors. Mapping the results to their matching persuasive technology techniques and operationalizing them in a mobile web platform, I show how mobile persuasive system interventions could be designed to promote positive and environmentally responsible behaviors and protect the environment from pollution.


Our study of Ar-Ar ages of detrital white mica from Eocene to Pliocene successions of the Qaidam basin shows almost exclusively ages with 250 ± 3 and 279 ± 3 Ma in the northeastern part of the basin (Rieser et al., 2007), in contrast to a dominance of mainly early Palaeozoic ages in its western part. As no nearby source of these Indosinian ages is known so far, we dated mica from rivers draining the Qilian Shan between Delingha in the SE to Dachaidan in the NW in order to assess the Qilian Shan as a possible source. All sample locations are northeast of the early Palaeozoic UHP-belt running along the basin margin. Direct access to the Qilian Shan for collecting samples is very restricted and no Ar-Ar ages from this mountain range are published until now. Confirmation or rejection of an Indosinian belt in the Qilian Shan would have implications for both the geodynamic evolution of the area and filling models of the Qaidam basin. We dated white mica from six rivers, which drain the mountain ranges south of the drainage divide to the Danghe and the Qinghai Hu. Pooling all ages (ca. 150 single grains) gave minimum and maximum ages of ca. 175 Ma and ca. 1300 Ma, respectively. There are 3 significant groups in the age distribution with median ages of 190 Ma, 255 Ma and 425 Ma, with a minor peak at about 380 Ma. Their proportions are ca. 15%, 30% and 45%, respectively. The rivers show marked differences in their age distributions. 2 samples from the Ar Gol at Delingha, which drains the eastern part of the range, show 2 groups with ages of 250 and 430 Ma. The river, which drains the middle part of the range, displays the same age groups, but their medians are shifted to somewhat younger ages. There are also a number of ages between 300 and 400 Ma, though they display no distinct peak. The rivers at and north of Dacaidan show extremely different age distributions: The Iqe river, which drains a large portion of the northern range, display only one age group with 425 Ma, two small catchments to the south and to the north of the Iqe river gave each on age group too, but with median ages of 190 Ma and 255 Ma, respectively. These ages indicate two main thermo-tectonic events in the Qilian Shan, a Silurian and a Permo-Triassic event. The significance of the early Jurassic ages needs further investigations, as these ages are from a very small area only and the type of source rocks is unknown so far (metamorphic or magmatic). The Silurian ("Caledonian") age group is well known from the area (Qinling, Qilian, Altyn) and related to an orogenic cycle from subduction to continental collision. Indosinian ages are obviously substantial, as they make up a considerable part of the age population and occur in rivers draining a major part of the range. Therefore we propose an Indosinian orogenic belt running within the southern Qilian Shan. Regarding filling models of the Qaidam basin, the occurrence of Indosinian ages in the Qilian Shan allows a local derivation of the sediments in the eastern part of the basin. A big difficulty for a provenance solely from the Qilian Shan are the missing Caledonian ages in the whole Tertiary sedimentary sequence in the eastern part of the basin.


Objective This paper aims to determine the main factors influencing astriction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Methods Face-to-face questionnaires were sent to 40 AMI patients from September 2013 to May 2014. Results The main influencing factors of astriction are the change of sur oundings and defecation methods. Conclusion Hospitals need to improve nursing interventions for AMI patients according to the main influencing factors.


Abstract: The process of die filling is a significant unit operation in many industries. The inhomogeneity of distribution such as, mass, bulk density, and pressure distribution might cause many tablet and compact quality issues, such as lamination, capping, and distortion. No systematic investigations have been done to evaluate pressure distribution characteristics in dies with small aspect ratio (<0.5). In order to evaluate the pressure distribution during filling of shallow dies, factors influencing powder deposition were studied in this research. The factors included, particle size and shape, particle size distribution, and circular cross section feed shoe speed. The second generation pressure deposition tester (PDT-II) was used to measure powder's pressure distribution characteristics. A battery powder mixture (BPM) and microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH102) were used to fill rectangular shallow die 32Error! Objects cannot be created from editing field codes.30 mm in dimension and 6.5 mm deep. The feed shoe speeds of 20 and 100 mm/s were used to fill the die. Symmetry analysis, variance metrics, Gini coefficient, and contour plots were used to quantify the deposition characteristics. The results showed that (1) contour plots were the most reliable method for measuring powder deposition characteristics, (2) Avicel generated more symmetrical pressure distribution vs. BPM (symmetry index=3%); (3) based on contour plot analysis, 20 mm/s feed shoe speed for Avicel led to the more uniform pressure distribution (64.4% uniformity at +/- 50 Pa resolution) among all.


Abstract : GaAs Schottky diode proved itself to be one the main semiconductor device used in THz-electronics. This contribution describes the evolution of THz-devices from honey-comb whisker-contacted Schottky diodes to sub-millimetre monolithically integrated circuits (SMMIC) at University of Technology (TU) Darmstadt. Short description of each device and integration type is given together with pointing technological and device particularities.


The effects of exposure to LC50 (10.5 mg/l) for 96 h and to a sublethal concentration (1.05 mg/l) of Sevin for 120 days have been observed on some haematological, biochemical and enzymatic parameters of Channa punctatus. The fish were hyperglycemic and hyperlactemic and the glycogen content of the liver and muscles decreased, but the lactic acid content of two tissues increased. The activity of hexokinase increased in the kidney, intestine, liver and muscles but decreased in the gills and brain. The activity of lactate dehydrogenase decreased in the kidney and intestine, and increased in the liver, muscles, brain and gills. The pyruvate dehydrogenase activity decreased in all the six tissues. Both the exposures produced a decrease in the succinate dehydrogenase activity of the liver. The enzyme activity decreased in the brain, gills and muscles after chronic exposure, whereas the kidney and intestine showed an elevation in enzyme activity.


Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations and treatment principles of lateral ventricle choroid plexus cysts in children.Methods: Retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 6 children with lateral ventricle choroid plexus cysts who were admitted to our department.Results: 6 patients were confirmed by surgery and pathology,aged between 5 months and 7 years old,whose course of disease were between 1 month and 5 years.In the 6 cases,the authors resected the cystic wall by craniotomy under the microscope,while establishing bilateral ventricle traffic.There was good efficacy and postoperative follow-up satisfaction.Conclusion: Lateral ventricle choroid plexus cyst is a kind of benign congenital neuroepithelial cyst and it's rare.The diagnosis is primarily based on clinical manifestations,imaging and pathology.Choroid plexus cyst in adults without obvious symptoms can be followed up.But for children,once it is found having mass effect or significantly enlarging,the surgical treatment should be operated as soon as possible to avoid impeding the development of brain and its functions.


The relationship between labor force participation rate and economic growth shows some special features during economic transition period Considering the relationship between economic growth and current status,features,and reasons of the labor force participation rate in China,various measures shall be taken to decrease labor force participation rate while planning as a whole a series of issues including unemployment and social securities so that long-term health economic development can be maintained.


Companies of chartered transport of passengers need to manage routes with boarding points, based on the location of the passengers. As the number of routes grow, the task of manually manage and optimize routings becomes inviable. The vehicle routing problem characterizes inside this scenario, branching into specific problems, that need different solutions for each case. Meta-heuristics are usually used to build solver algorithms for these problems. Constraint programming was chosen for helping build the solver. The main objective of the work was, to develop a system performing the solution of routings in an automatized way, by utilization of constraint programming and meta-heuristic algorithms. To minimize transport costs, travel time, and maximize the use of vehicles in an efficient and planned manner. The tests were carried out in conjunction with a routing administrator, to validate the use of the application within the research field. From the evaluations made, they demonstrated the utility of the software within its purpose. Of which it was observed that the product of this research, helped in the construction of an automated fleet consulting tool, being able to dynamically point out the distribution and operationality of a fleet of chartered vehicles in the transportation of passengers.


A cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor has been developed for the conversion of undiluted CO2 into CO and O2 at atmospheric pressure and low temperatures. Both the physical and chemical effects on reaction performance have been investigated for the addition of BaTiO3 and glass beads into the discharge gap. The presence of these packing materials in the DBD reactor changes the physical characteristics of the discharge and leads to a shift of the discharge mode from a typical filamentary discharge with no packing to a combination of filamentary discharge and surface discharge with packing. Highest CO2 conversion and energy efficiency are achieved when the BaTiO3 beads are fully packed into the discharge gap. It is found that adding the BaTiO3 beads into the plasma system enhances the average electric field and mean electron energy of the CO2 discharge by a factor of two, which significantly contributes to the enhancement of CO2 conversion, CO yield, and energy efficiency of the plasma process. In addition, the highly energetic electrons (>3.0 eV) generated by the discharge could activate the BaTiO3 photocatalyst to form electron–hole pairs on its surface, which contributes to the enhanced conversion of CO2.


1 The English translation of this poem is by Alistair Reid. 2 The Aboriginal people I refer to typically have a "whitefeller name" and a traditional name, e.g. Pat Gabori and Kabararrjingathi bulthuku. Traditional names often have a strong element of privacy, sometimes even comparable to a pin number on a bank account, and are used sparingly if at all, so in general I will use their whitefeller names in this text. 3 Pinker and Bloom (1990:715). 4 And if we take more complicated sentences as examples, we see that other nouns (basically all nouns except the subject) also get the tense-marking. "He speared the turtle with big brother's spear" is niya raajarra bangana thabujukarrangunina wumburungunina: thabujukarra means "big brother's," wumburung"spear," -karra "belonging to," and -nguni "with, using." As you can see, "turtle," "big brother's," and "spear" all get the past tense suffix -na. The instrumental suffix -nguni also ends up on all words in the noun phrase "big brother's spear." This penchant for agreement is another highly unusual characteristic of Kayardild, which I do not go into here: it can lead to nouns stacking up four case suffixes at a stretch, to a level of complexity not found in any other human language – see Evans (1995a, 1995b, 2003b, 2006). 5 It turns out, in fact, that quite a number of languages mark tense on nouns – see Nordlinger and Sadler (2004) for a comprehensive survey and discussion. 6 For the moment I simply assert this figure, but we return to the grounds it is based on in chapter 10.


Some concepts about nanostructures are explained, and the application and late development of nanostructures and nanotubes prepared with template synthesis method are reviewed.


In addition to the development of the nano-wire device, the vertical gate-all-around (V-GAA) Si nano-tube (NT) device structure is proposed with the promising device performance in this work. The vertical device structure makes the transistor easy to be scaled down continuously to meet the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor scaling needs of the 10/7 nm technology node and beyond. The NT device with the center hollow structure has the capability to deplete the out-of gate control carriers in the center of the nano-wire device and further results in the better device short channel control. Based on the simulation data, the V-GAA Si NT device can keep the Ion-state current the same and reduce the Ioff-state stand-by power. With the demonstration of the promising device performance, the proposed V-GAA Si NT device can be regarded as one of the most promising candidates for the future application of the sub-10/7 nm logic device.


The invention discloses a simultaneous imprinting strengthened compound wood floor, comprising wear-resistance layer (1), decorating layer (2), base material (3), and balance layer (4). There are stereo wale (5) matched with the figure of the decorating layer (2) on said wear-resistance layer (1). The manufacturing method is that compound stock is combined with wear-resistance layer (1), decorating layer (2), base material (3), balance layer (4); the hot-pressing condition is 205-235DEG C of temperature, 8-10*106Pa of pressure, 40-50 second of pressing time; the pressing die with stereo wale (5) matched with the figure of decorating layer (2)is formed on the hot-pressing mold. Wood-grain with strong third dimension and good cope effect of solid wood is formed accurately in vision and touch. And pressed stereo wale and the figure of decorating layer can have the effect of changing color under the irradiation of sunshine and lamp with various optical reflectivity so as to satisfy the vision demand of consumer.


The outbreak of new influenza A(H1N1) in 2009 has heightened possibility of compulsory licensing higher than ever before in Korea. To help relevant persons including the Commissioner of the Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO), who has authority to decide the licensing, this paper studies: (1) basic concept of (compulsory) licensing, (2) jurisprudence based on the international treaty, TRIPS, (3) provisions and precedents of compulsory licenses both in major foreign countries and in Korea. Based on such study, this paper suggests more flexible attitude on compulsory licensing because: (1) many developed countries have taken flexible attitude on it, especially in the U.S.A. the door for compulsory licensing has been opened wider by the eBay v. MercExchange case, (2) the TRIPS agreement allows a flexible and independent decision by each country, (3) even under the compulsory licensing, relevant damages could be compensated by adequate remuneration, (4) a compulsory license is not much different from a willful infringement, where one methodology of damage calculation is similar to that in an infringement case, and (5) limitation of patent right through compulsory licensing is similar to that of other property rights, which we have accepted as an inevitable one. Furthermore, this paper points out some defects or loopholes of current compulsory licensing system, prescribed in articles 106 and 107 of the Korea Patent Act and in addition relevant improvement measures or provision amendment measures as follows: (1) the taking system and government-initiated compulsory license system must not be prescribed in one provision, now article 106, (2) "emergency" should not be a precondition to decide a compulsory license, (3) "commercial use" through compulsory licensing must be easier than now, (4) "just compensation" for takings must be conceptually differentiated by "adequate remuneration" for compulsory licenses, (5) KIPO is encouraged to gather more data on royalty rates, (6) KIPO shall prepared for termination of the compulsory license at issue, (7) a "general" compulsory license system could be introduced to Korea, through which more flexible compulsory licenses might be possible. Even after making the compulsory license system more flexible than now, KIPO must still be very prudent to limit a patent right by allowing a compulsory license. Not recklessly over-using it, KIPO may exploit the system as a lubricating tool, which may enhance possibility of a negotiation and agreement among interested persons, such as a patent owner, a willing licensee and KIPO.


THIS paper is based on the study of the refraction in 4,000 eyes, determined with complete paralysis of the accommodation obtained by the use of one of the mydriatics in all cases under fifty years of age, and in some up to the age of fifty-five. All cases presenting during the time covered, in which for any reason the refraction of the eyes was thus accurately determined, are included.


The invention discloses a positioning system with Beidou and RFID combined and a positioning method of the positioning system. The positioning system comprises electronic label equipment, an RFID reader-writer, a server and terminal equipment. The electronic label equipment is active RFID and comprises two batteries, an RFID chip, a Beidou chip and an MCU. The positioning method of the positioning system includes the steps of inducting Beidou satellite signals and RFID signals, and outputting specific position coordinates through integrated computation. The positioning system with Beidou and RFID combined can achieve indoor and outdoor seamless positioning, and is high in positioning precision and convenient to carry.


Objective To study the effect of FK506 on expression of CD69 and CD25 on human lymphocytes. Method Fresh blood was taken from 16 randomly selected healthy adults, added to control, phytohaemagglutinin-A (PHA) and FK506+PHA groups separately, and then cultured. Expressions of CD69 and CD25 on lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry. Results After the samples were cultured for 24 h, expressions of CD69 were 2.38±0.47% in control, 9.45±2.23% in PHA, 4.71±1.29% in FK506+PHA group. After 72 h cultured, expressions of CD25 in the three groups were 2.60±0.47%, 20.39±1.78%,6.88±1.66%,respectively. GB-State software was used for statistical analysis,and significant statistical difference was found between PHA and Fk506+PHA (P0.01). Conclusion FK506 could significantly inhibit the expressions of activated molecules CD69 and CD25 on lymphocytes and suppress the activation of lymphocytes.


The hydroforming method is especially used for forming lightweight materials like aluminum, magnesium alloys, high strength steels or materials that have limited formability. Intensifiers are the most important component of hydroforming presses. Nowadays single-acting intensifiers are used in hydroforming presses. Single-acting intensifiers provide pressurized liquid by forwarding movement of the piston through one direction and their volumes are limited. The mass of the intensifiers increases significantly depending on their liquid volume capacity and this causes high manufacturing costs. For this reason, two or more single-acting intensifiers which bridged in a parallel circuit are used to manufacture bigger products that require a high volume of liquid. But this method is not an economical solution. So double-acting intensifiers can overcome this problem. The pressurized liquid can be obtained during both forward and backward movement of the piston in double-acting intensifiers which work like a pump. This is why double-acting intensifiers have no volume limit on the contrary of single-acting intensifiers. Yet there are sudden pressure drops in double-acting intensifiers caused by returning movements of the piston to pressurize liquid again. This pressure drops cause some problems to use double-acting intensifiers on hydroforming method. The situation of solving this problem to use double-acting intensifiers on the hydroforming method can eliminate limited volume problem and decrease investment cost of hydroforming presses. In this study, the usability of double-acting intensifiers on hydroforming with die method was investigated. Because of the existing hydroforming press, used in experiments, doesn't contain any double-acting intensifiers, pressure drops obtained by single-acting intensifier to perform simulated experiment. A die was designed and manufactured to synchronize the blank holder force with pressure drops. This die was integrated on the hydroforming press, located on Selcuk University Hydroforming Laboratory, for the success of the process. Performance of improved system was measured as well as repeatability of applying process parameters and product's geometry were determined. The AA5754 aluminum alloy used processes, both single- and double-acting intensifier, were compared. Limiting drawing ratios were determined for all processes. It is obtained that pressure drops have no negative influence on formability. Moreover, there is no difference observed in thickness distribution which is an indicator of product's quality and strength. However, when geometric accuracy was investigated then noticed that the pressure drops count has a good influence on product radius. 5.96 mm product radiuses on the process with single-acting intensifier was obtained 5.92 and 5.10 mm by using double-acting intensifier increasing pressure drop's frequency.


The research aims to determine the role of the board of commissioners in moderating the determinants in predicting the bankruptcy of finance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period. The research uses secondary data where the population are all financial companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2015-2019 period with total of 16 companies. The purposive sampling method is used to collect the data and with certain criteria, 13 companies are selected. The research model uses logit data regression where the dependent variable is a dummy variable, and there is the role of the board of commissioners as a moderating variable. The results show that profitability, liquidity, and solvency has an effect on bankruptcy prediction, risk management has no effect on bankruptcy prediction. The role of the board of commissioners does not moderate the effect of profitability on bankruptcy prediction as well as risk management on bankruptcy prediction.


The volume brings togrether contributions form scholars ctiveint eh field of pronunciation teaching and those more concerned with theoretical phonetics and phonology. The foucs of the book is on English phonetics and phonology viewed and studied fromteh perspective of foreign learners, teachers and teacher trainersl. Contributiosn are divided into three sections: accents, speech and applications. The first section discusses a variety of issues related to accents: description of accents in Britain today, theoretical perspectives on accent study and the problem of reference accent in teaching. The main concern of the contributions in the second section is the context for phonetics and phonology teaching atthe university level and in teacher training with emphasis on awareness raising. The third section presents studies in interlanguage phonetics and phonology, speech processing and pronunciation teaching. Contents: John Wells: Accents in Britain todya--Joanna Przedlacka: Early New Estuary English? Its contemporary background--Dorota Glowacka: Yod-palatalisation in Englishin Natural Phonology--Przewmyslaw Ostalski: (Non) Rhoticity in optimality theory (categorical rules, free variation and fuzzy ranking of constrints)--Joanna Prezdlacka: Glottaling in the teenage sppech of the Home Counties--Janina Ozga/Anna Mankowska: Students' awarenss of the socio-symbolic values of RP-Katarzyna Dziubalska-Kolaczyk: Conscious competence of performance as a key to teaching English--Jan Majer: 'In French is six millions docks.' Wher error, please?--Jp; amta Szpyra: In defence of 'practical' phonology--Ewa Waniek-Klimczak: Context for Teaching English Phonetics and Phonology--Jan Majer: Sick or seek?Pedagogical phonology in teacher training--Wlodzimierz Sobowiak: English speech in Polish eyes: What university students think about English pronunciation teaching and learning--Peter Roach: Studying rhythm and timimg in English speech: Scientific curosity, or a classroom necessity?-0-Visnja Josipovic: The Prosody of english spoken with a Croatian accent--Anna Baczkowsa: Intonation patterns and turn-taking--Eva Waniek-Klimczak: How to predict the unpredicatable-English word stress from a Polish prespective-Robert Lew: Differences in the scope of obstruent voicing assimilation in learners' English as a consequence of regional variation in Polish--Klementina Jurancic Petek: How to do ti to do it right(?) Is near native-like pronunciation teachable/learnable?--Cjros Defty/Barbara Nowak/Agnieszka Pietrzak: Teaching pronunciation to Polich primary and secondary school learniers of English--Natalia Mamul: Micro-narrativers in face-to-face interaction--Magdalena Deska: The perception fo English sounds by Polish speakers--Anna Baczkowska: Some issues concerning modular and connecttionist approaches to speech processing and production--Malgorzata Baran: The advantage of auditory perceivers and sharpeners in learning foreign language pronunciation--Kamila Ciepiela: Acquisition of the phonological system in childhood development aphasia.


The brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) shows commercial benefits in the wind power generation. This paper presents a vector control scheme for the BDFM operating as a variable speed generator (VSG). The proposed vector controller is developed on the power winding stator flux frame, and can be used to control both speed and reactive power. The machine model and the control system are developed in MATLAB. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controller can stabilize the BDFM when changes in speed and reactive power are applied.


The invention relates to a laser forming method for a thermally combined metal plank. A work-piece is arranged on a three dimensional numerical control platform and one end is fixed. A continuous laser bean heats the surface of the metal plank at a certain scanning speed along a given moving track and force is applied at the location of about 1 to 3 spot diameters after the laser bean. As an elasticity modulus and an off set limit of the metal plank is greatly descended under a thermal state, the uneven heat stress caused by heating part of the work-piece by the laser bean is combined with a crushing stress to lead the plank to generate a larger elasticity modulus; thereby improving the forming efficiency of the plank. The method is not only suitable for the normal metal plank, but also can be applied to the forming of high-hard brittle difficult-deforming materials; the invention has a promising application in the manufacturing field of aerospace, micro-electronics and ships.


The Late etruscan terracotta votive heads from Tessennano were found near a rural sanctuary about a hundred km to the North of Rome in 1956. Whereas the facial fronts are serially produced with moulds, the backs are handmade. By using not only the moulded and the handmade features but the raw material (clay and temper) as well, it has been possible to make suggestions as to how, when and where they were produced. The study also considers the identity of the venerants who donated the heads to the sanctuary. In order to study the ancient use of moulds, a replication of the serial production was carried out. With modern moulds, produced by one of the ancient heads of good quality, two hundred heads were produed. The wear of the ancient moulds could be discerned by comparing casts of good quality with bad ones. These were in their turn compared with the wear of the modern moulds. Thereby, the approximate minimum number (several thousands) of casts that were made by the ancient moulds before they were used for making the preserved heads could be established. The dating of the heads are based mainly on stylistic comparisons with Greek sculpture whose datings are known from literary sources. However, the reclining lid statues on some terracotta sarcophagi from Tuscania as well as other finds from the tombs in which the sarcophagi were found provided valuable information for the chronology as well. The heads of these lid statues are made with moulds identical or related with those that were used for the heads from Tessennano. The votive heads have been dated from c.300 B.C. to the early first century B.C. Votive heads made with identical or related moulds have been found in Tarquinia, Vulci, Saturnia and Pitigliano. Samples of raw clay were collected at all locations where such heads have been found and around Tuscania as well. The clays were compared with samples of the terracottas using petrographic microscopy by means of thin sections and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Comparative studies of the raw material as well as of the handmade backs suggest that the heads were produced at several locations. However, a large part could be attributed to the same workshops at Tuscania who made the terracotta sarcophagi as well. Three main ways of distributing the types to vaious locations are considered: craft circulation, mould circulation and product circulation. No evidence of craft circulation could be found. There are some indications of a coroplast (clay sculptor) working at Tarquinia and Vulci in the first half of the second century B.C. The evidence of mould circulation is confined to the late third and first half of the second century. Product circulation seems to have been the most frequent way of distribution. Various kinds of evidence (topographical, archaeological and iconographical) suggests that the venerants were Roman colonists rather than local inhabitants.


The measurement and prediction of the aerodynamic performance of airfoils and wings at chord Reynolds numbers below 105 are both difficult and increasingly important in the application to small-scale aircraft. Not only are the aerodynamics strongly affected by the dynamics of the unstable laminar boundary layer, but the flow is decreasingly likely to be two-dimensional as the Reynolds number decreases. The spanwise variation of the nominally two-dimensional flow along a two-dimensional geometry is often held to be responsible for the large variations in the measured profile drag coefficient cd at this scale. Here, local two-dimensional drag coefficients are measured along a finite wing using nonintrusive particle image velocimetry methods. Variations in cd(y) can be related to local flow variations on the wing itself. Integrated values can then be compared with direct force balance data, and the dynamical significance of spanwise variability will be reevaluated.


Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs (DRRs) are used in radiation therapy to confirm patient setup prior to treatment. This is often done manually (interactively) but some radiation therapy treatment manufacturers have automated the process. Modern radiation therapy methods place a greater emphasis on accurate patient alignment and there is a need to reduce the time spent on this activity. Furthermore, recently proposed 'moving aperture' approaches addressing motion artifacts during treatment delivery need 'real-time' registration. When alignment is carried out automatically the approach normally adopted is to solve the so called 2D-3D registration problem. Within the 2D-3D registration framework, a reference X-ray image is compared with DRRs derived from a 'floating' CT volume (CTV ol). Generating DRRs is computationally expensive and this is the major bottleneck in the 2D-3D processing chain. A possible way of solving this problem might lie in reducing the number of internal spaces within the CTV ol using an Octree compression. This paper demonstrates that DRRs derived from Octree compressed CTV ol can be registered with reference images with reasonable accuracy (compared to those from uncompressed CTV ol), even when the number of internal spaces (voxels) are reduced by 90%.


A 12 mm hole was made from within the incubator' by drilling alongside the thermostat sensing bulb at the top, rear, inner corner which avoids the electrical wiring and another was made through the outer cabinet to coincide with it. A flowmeter2 was fixed byself-tapping screws in a convenient position on the outer cabinet (or an adjacent wall). This was connected by tubing3 through to the interior of the incubator, protruding approximately 2 cm inside, and to the carbon dioxide cylinder4 via a fine adjustment valve,5 gas regulator, and cylinder adapter6. The rate of flow is governed by the fine adjustment valve and an initial period of four or five days is required for the flow to become stable. This precludes the use of an electric pump which would be subject to wear and tear and add considerably to the expense.


The US Department of Energy requires a periodic 'self assessment' of Sandia's Microsystems Program. An external panel review of this program is held approximately every 18 months, and the report from the external review panel serves as the basis for the DOE 'self assessment.' The review for this fiscal year was held on September 30-October 1, 2002 at Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM. The panel was comprised of experts in the fields of microelectronics, photonics and microsystems from universities, industry and other Government agencies. A complete list of the panel members is shown as Appendix A to the attached report. The review assesses four areas: relevance to national needs and agency mission; quality of science technology and engineering; performance in the operation of a major facility; and program performance management and planning. Relevance to national needs and agency mission was rated as 'outstanding.' The quality of science, technology, and engineering was rated as 'outstanding.' Operation of a major facility was noted as 'outstanding,' while the category of program performance, management, and planning was rated as 'outstanding.' Sandia's Microsystems Program received an overall rating of 'outstanding' [the highest possible rating]. The attached report was prepared by the panel in a formatmore » requested by Sandia to conform with the performance criteria for the DOE self assessment.« less


The topics of interest of the economists have been common since the emergence of the economic discipline like science in the beginnings of the modernity, the theoretical contributions of William Petty are an example of this. The behavior of the dynamics of employment in an economy, given that it constitutes a determinant factor of production as is the work. The Petty-Clark law can be defined as the changes that are made in a society in the dedication or employment of its population to a certain primary activity towards a more advanced (secondary-tertiary) in such a way that, the relative importance of the Sectors is gaining momentum over time. A bit of time series econometrics is done to verify compliance with the Law in the Metropolitan Area.


This study is a research used mixed methods that focused to combine two approaches, quantitative and qualitative on user of Local Government Finance Report (LKPD) in Banyumas Regency. The purpose of this study were determine the needs of investors, investor information that used in LKPD, relationship between respondents and their description of reading LKPD, suitability of infrastructure information in LKPD to user needs, and the factors that affect the infrastructure reporting in LKPD. Based of research and data analysis using Chi Square test (Fisher's Exact), descriptive statistics methods and qualitative analysis show that: (1) The need for investors to invest in Banyumas is a good investment climate, (2) The information used by investors in the LKPD Banyumas in making investment decisions are government policy, evaluation of services, information infrastructure, and information regarding the BPK audit opinion LKPD, (3) There is a relationship between readers / non-readers LKPD and the category of respondents, (4) There is a relationship between respondents by reason of reading LKPD, (5) There is the relationship between the importance of infrastructure information and respondents of readers LKPD, (6) There was no relationship between the time required to read LKPD and the importance of information infrastructure, (7) Disclosure aspects of financial infrastructure in the LKPD Banyumas Regency is not appropriate with the needs of users, (8) Disclosure aspects of non-financial infrastructure in Banyumas LKPD is not fully appropriate with the needs of users (9) Factors that affecting disclosure of infrastructure in LKPD of Banyumas Regency are: council recommendation, Government Accounting Standards, recommendation of Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan and


The article analyses the origin and formation of the idea of the rule of law in European philosophy. Prerequisites of this idea are revealed in the Bible, in particular with regard to justice, constitutionalism, the rule of law and justice. The article also explores the concept of Aristotle, the ancient Stoics, and such medieval thinkers as Augustine and Thomas Aquinas. The article pays special attention to an analysis of the concept of law in the Enlightenment, the idea of natural law and the state of the social contract, the principle of religious tolerance by Hobbes, Locke and Kant. In addition, it focuses on the analysis of the concept of philosophy of XIX century: V. F. Humboldt, Mill, Hegel, and Russian thinkers B. N. Chicherin and V. S. Soloviev. In this context, it suggests that the Russian philosophy of the law developed the concept of ethical and legal state that is still relevant to the present time. Finally, the article draws a conclusion about the dialectical nature of the development of the concept of law and its basis, and the idea of human rights. In the modern era this concept gets a new dimension, including new individual rights, including those caused by political differences.


The role of the online teacher has been extensively studied. However, that has not been the case with the student. Understanding the differences between online and classroombased courses is the previous step to become a successful eLearning student. This paper reflects on the role of the online learner and draws some conclusions about the key qualities these students need to be successful in any eLearning setting, from the perspective of the Continuing Education and Specialization course Technologies and Methods in Networked Learning: Tutor Online (TOL), held by the University of Salamanca (Spain) from 2004. Key-Words: eLearning, roles of online student, collaborative networked learning, lifelong learning, knowledge building, learner-centred education


The development of demographic theories concerning mortality is described. Traditional concepts derived from actuarial trends are considered as are more recent concepts involving the use of theoretical models. Much of the article is concerned with the analysis of the relationship between morbidity and mortality. Theories dealing with the biological limits of the duration of life are also examined. (summary in ENG RUS) (ANNOTATION)


Several related activities include the following: 1) Applying vocational training models in improving entrepreneurial behaviour for the community (Young Entrepreneurs, Young Women, and Youth Organization) Paleteang sub-district, Province of Pinrang; 2) Providing guidance to the youth community through mentoring in order to achieve the desired goals. The companion can also provide benefits as a provision in facing and solving life and life problems as an independent person. Supporting factors for program implementation include: (1) sufficient support from the district, (2) provision of venue facilities by the district in carrying out activities, (3) good cooperation between local implementing activities and Youth members. Factors inhibiting the implementation of activities, among others: (1) limited transportation equipment owned so that it is rather difficult to coordinate (2) the distance between the location of the activity with the remote head of district office so that it is rather difficult to consult with the district (3) lack of enthusiasm from the community in participating in training due to busyness (work). Based on the achievement of the results of the courses and training on electronic, computer and multimedia vocational skills training services Ex. Benteng Sawitto Village, Paleteang District, Pinrang Regency can be summarized as follows: 1) Increased community participation in electronic service programs, computer maintenance, and graphic design (multimedia) in Benteng Sawitto Village, Paleteang District, Pinrang Regency; 2) Increasing community knowledge and skills in electronic service, computer maintenance, and graphic design (multimedia); 3) Increased public awareness about collective behaviour that is not good for the economy in Indonesia so that people can repair themselves if there are damaged.


Significance Innate lymphoid cells hold great promise for the treatment of metastases. Development of effective therapies based on these versatile immune cells, however, is hampered by our limited knowledge of their behavior in the metastatic niche. Here, we describe that defense against liver metastasis requires collaboration between two innate lymphocyte subsets, conventional NK cells (cNKs) and tissue-resident type I innate lymphoid cells (trILC1s). We show that different cancers generate their own particular metastatic niche–inducing specific changes in cNKs and trILC1s. Furthermore, we uncover specific cNK subsets that can be manipulated to improve their antimetastatic potential. Our work contributes to understanding how cancer-specific factors and hepatic innate lymphocytes exert mutual influence and how this can be exploited for therapeutic purposes. The liver is a major metastatic target organ, and little is known about the role of immunity in controlling hepatic metastases. Here, we discovered that the concerted and nonredundant action of two innate lymphocyte subpopulations, conventional natural killer cells (cNKs) and tissue-resident type I innate lymphoid cells (trILC1s), is essential for antimetastatic defense. Using different preclinical models for liver metastasis, we found that trILC1 controls metastatic seeding, whereas cNKs restrain outgrowth. Whereas the killing capacity of trILC1s was not affected by the metastatic microenvironment, the phenotype and function of cNK cells were affected in a cancer type–specific fashion. Thus, individual cancer cell lines orchestrate the emergence of unique cNK subsets, which respond differently to tumor-derived factors. Our findings will contribute to the development of therapies for liver metastasis involving hepatic innate cells.


Excited state dynamics of C have been studied using backward degenerate four wave mixing with incoherent light. 60 Estimates of the population relaxation time T of the lower excited singlet state S and phase relaxation time T of the 1 1 2 higher excited singlet state S are obtained. The vibrational dephasing in the S state is ;5 ps. The results are in good n 1 agreement with those obtained using a fs laser. We also present Z-scan data at 600 nm. q 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.


Abstract Aged Cheddar cheese was manufactured by a two-phase starter addition. Initially, a commercial mixed Streptococcus starter was used according to conventional practice. Just before rennet addition selected mixtures of homofermentative and heterofermentative lactobacilli or heterofermentauves alone were added to yield a final cell concentration of 10 5 /mL. Use of the homofermentative Lactobacillus strains Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei, Lactobacillus casei ssp. pseudoplantarum , and Lactobacillus plantarum each with the heterofermentative strains Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus fermentum in cheese production resulted in an inhibitory effect of the former upon development of the latter in aging cheeses. Addition of heterofermentative lactobacilli cultures did not contribute significantly to proteolysis, as measured by soluble N extracted by 5% TCA (150 to 225 mg/100g), whereas mixtures of homofermentative and heterofermentative strains produced soluble N in the range of 175 to 250 mg/100g in cheeses aged 4 mo.


BACKGROUND The internal jugular vein is one of the major vessels of the neck. The anatomy of this vessel is considered to be relatively stable. It is an important landmark for head and neck surgeons as well as the anaesthetists for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. METHODS We present two case reports of the posterior tributary of the internal jugular vein and review the surgical literature regarding anatomical variations of the vein. FINDINGS A total of 1197 patients from 27 published papers were included in this review. Of these patients, 99.6% had neck surgery and the rest were cadaveric dissections. Anatomical variations of the internal jugular vein were found in 2% of the patient cohort (n = 40). The majority of these patients had either bifurcation or fenestration of the vein. The posterior tributary of the internal jugular vein is unusual and is scarcely reported in the literature (three cases). Knowledge of variations in the anatomy of the internal jugular vein assists surgeons in avoiding complications during neck surgery and preventing morbidity. Two rare cases of posterior branching of the internal jugular vein and experience of other surgeons are demonstrated in this extensive review.


We investigate exploiting the class specific information in the conventional perceptual edge grouping for the task of object extraction, since the domain information is usually available in practice. Instead of applying the classical Gestalt principles, we turn to learn a class specific probabilistic structure model from training images. During the learning, both geometrical and photometric features such as color and texture are fused. Experiments show the model is fairly robust to the intra-class variations of object as well as background clutters. Moreover, we design a novel saliency measure for the grouping based on the probabilistic structure model. The object extraction is formulated as an optimization problem which can be efficiently solved by the recently developed ratio contour algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by the experiments on real images.


The aim of this study is to find a means to profitably manage companies that have a focus on aesthetical and creative values. To achieve this, a business model tool is applied in a case study at one company. The results and conclusions are then presented with reflections on how a company can develop and adjust a business model with aesthetical and creative values. Preface and Acknowledgements It all started a relatively long time ago. I come from a Swedish background that is heavily saturated by influences from natural sciences. However, two years of studying aesthetical subjects on Gotland made me change. Then, at Luleå University of Technology, I enrolled in the Industrial Management and Engineering program and the changes deepened. My exploration of the concepts of creativity and aesthetics continued. Eventually, thinking about implementing aesthetics in general business workflows took over. Adapting the values examined in this study so that everyone can understand has been a challenge. Many days and nights have been spent honing the thought process. Refining the vocabulary was essential in order to present an article worth reading. The final result leaves me feeling a bit of pride. Hopefully my readers will be inspired and after thinking about it will look at companies from a different angle. I would like to thank Arctic Trend CEO Annkathrin Lundqvist for her help in creating this article. My tutors TorBjörn Nilsson and Diana Chronéer also deserve thanks for their help. Hanna Pääjärvi has also helped me on numerous occasions. Last but not least, I offer my gratitude to my family for their constant support. I hope you will find this study to your liking and thought provoking. ______________________________ Niclas Wennström 2013Z04Z19 Table of


The milk‐ejection reflex of the rat is closely associated with synchronized activity of the cortical electroencephalogram (EEG), and the frequency of milk ejections has been shown to be greatly facilitated by central oxytocin. The following experiments were undertaken to examine the changes in the EEG during facilitation of the reflex by central oxytocin. Intracerebroventricular injection of 1 mU (2.2 ng) oxytocin during suckling caused a rapid increase in the frequency of milk ejections but no change in the predominantly synchronized pattern of the EEG. However, after a delay (11.3 ± 0.8 min, mean ± SE) there appeared to be an increasing proportion of desynchronization, which correlated with cessation of the facilitated milk‐ejection responses. Hence, the observed EEG desynchronization may signal activation of mechanisms inhibitory to the milk‐ejection reflex.


The dependence of grain‐boundary recombination velocity on the excitation (excess carrier density) at the grain boundary is experimentally demonstrated using electron‐beam‐induced‐current (EBIC) measurements. To facilitate quantitative interpretation of the EBIC measurements, the underlying carrier transport problem in the adjacent grains, subject to the nonlinear boundary condition at the grain boundary, is solved using computer‐aided numerical analysis. By comparing the theoretical and experimental EBIC responses, values for the surface‐state density at unpassivated and passivated grain boundaries and for the diffusion length in the grains in Wacker (cast) polycrystalline silicon are derived.


The present invention, without requiring much labor and cost, and to provide a pressure accumulator water injection tank having a flow damper that can be controlled so as to swirl in the vortex chamber is not formed when a large flow rate. Therefore, the outlet configuration of the flow damper 24, impinging jet of high flow rate at the time of large flow pipe 26 of the jet and the jet of small flow pipe 27 flows into the vortex chamber 25 is, without forming a vortex in the vortex chamber 25 the collision jet control means for straight to 29 (notches 41 or protrusion), a structure in which the connecting portion 34 of the small flow pipe 27 (the inner surface 27c) and the vortex chamber (inner surface 25a).


Cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in several diseases. Natural antioxidants have significant importance in human health. Urginea indica, an endangered medicinal plant, commonly known as sea onion and methanolic extract of its bulbs has been reported to possess hypoglycemic and anticancer properties. In the present study, antioxidant status of different parts of U. indica varieties including leaf, bulb, stem and roots were analyzed using most commonly accepted assays. In this study, different parts of red and white varieties of U. indica were used to study their reducing ability, antioxidant activity, radical scavenging ability, anti-proliferative activity against ER positive and negative breast cancer cell lines and cathepsin B and MMP-9 enzyme inhibition activity. Our study demonstrated that both red and white varieties of U. indica have potential antioxidant activity. This study also demonstrated that U.indica have significant inhibitory effect on tissue remodeling enzymes. In conclusion, the potential antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of U.indica may be due to DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging, anti-proliferative activity and cathepsin B and MMP-9 inhibitory activities. Therefore, U.indica may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of radical mediated diseases.


, Abstract Interleukin-2 (IL-2), a cytokine with pleiotropic effects, is critical for immune cell activation and peripheral tolerance. Although the therapeutic potential of IL-2 has been previously suggested in autoimmune diseases, the mechanisms whereby IL-2 mitigates autoimmunity and prevents organ damage remains unclear. Using an inducible recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vector we investigated the effect of low systemic levels of IL-2 in lupus-prone MRL/Fas lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice. Treatment of mice after the onset of disease with IL-2-rAAV resulted in reduced mononuclear cell infiltration and pathology of various tissues including skin, lungs and kidneys. In parallel, we noted a significant decrease of IL-17-producing CD3 + CD4 − CD8 − double-negative T cells and an increase in CD4 + CD25 + Foxp3 + immunoregulatory T cells (Treg) in the periphery. We also show that IL-2 can drive DN T cell death through an indirect mechanism. Notably, targeted delivery of IL-2 to CD122 + cytotoxic lymphocytes effectively reduced the number of DN T cells and lymphadenopathy whereas selective expansion of Treg by IL-2 had no effect on DN T cells. Collectively, our data suggest that administration of IL-2 to lupus-prone mice protects against end-organ damage and suppresses inflammation by dually limiting IL-17-producing DN T cells and expanding Treg. These that


In this paper, an enhanced active contour, namely active grid, is proposed and its application in extracting boundaries from targets which have adjacency topology, such as buildings, fields, road and river etc, is further introduced in more details. In fact, boundaries extraction by general active contour may be regarded as one kind of simplified active grid, which contains only single region. The basic principle of active grid is: an initial grid given by either manual or automatic methods in order to provide the correct topological structure and a starting grid. Then, based on an iterative algorithm, this grid can evolve according to the information of local image. Nodes (or boundaries) of grid are driven by forces of statistics from different grid region in target image. The evolvement of active grid can be represented by an energy function, as a result, the extreme value of energy is corresponding to the correct extraction of target. The experiment results indicate that the active grid is very effective in target extraction from imagery.


Abstract Too often the black Atlantic has been conflated with the trans-Atlantic slave trade, without consideration for the ways different parts of West and Central Africa became more closely tied together by Atlantic networks after 1860. This essay explores the formation of a multinational group of migrant workers in Gabon. Men from Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast found skilled work in Gabon. Gabonese men and women also moved to other colonies. While men entered high-paying jobs in the same manner as their counterparts from West Africa, young women often became the mistresses of Europeans.


The heart-rending story of Mrs. J raises many complex ethical issues. Key elements include suffering, disagreement, culture, religion, perspective, and facts. Overarching concerns include whose voices and stories should count, the connection of pain with suffering, and how healthcare ethics committees should respond.


Samples of kokanee (land-locked sockeye salmon) drawn from the spawning runs to seven streams tributary to Kootenay Lake, British Columbia, were compared statistically for morphological variation between streams, between lake areas and between years. Kokanee within three major lake areas displayed great similarity in age, size, vertebral count, scale characters and development of secondary sex characters. Samples from a representative stream of each area differed in age at maturity, size, growth rate in the first year, vertebral count, scale row count, gill raker count, head length of males, growth form of caudal peduncle, eye diameter, development of secondary sex characters, ova per unit total weight, and commencement of spawning period. Variation between years in size and vertebral count did not obscure or alter the stability of differences between races over a period of four years. Kokanee straying to spawn in areas not of their natal origin were identified by age, size, vertebral count, scale charact...


Abstract Phlebotomus(Ph.) sergentiis the main vector of Leishmania(L.) tropica(Trypanosomatida:Trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco. This species has an extended geographical distribution, wider than that of the parasite. The main objective of our study was to analyze the genetic diversity of Ph. sergenti collected in four foci in Morocco: Taza, Foum Jemâa, El Hanchane, and Ouarzazate. We studied a set of diversity and population structure indices by sequencing two markers; nuclear EF-1α and mitochondrial Cyt b from 175 individual sand flies. Our results showed a considerable degree of intraspecific polymorphism with a high number of haplotypes identified in both genes. Many polymorphic sites detected in the Cyt b sequences (SCyt b = 45) indicate that it is the most polymorphic marker showing a distinct distribution of haplotypes according to their geographical origin, whereas the EF-1α marker showed no geographical isolation. Analysis byTajima's D and Fu's Fs tests revealed a possible recent expansion of the populations, especially with the EF-1α marker, showing significant values inTaza and Ouarzazate sequences. The present study revealed significant genetic diversity within Ph. sergenti populations in Morocco. The results warrant further research using a combination of more than two markers including mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial markers, which may provide more information to clarify the genetic status of Ph. sergenti.


A FLRW cloud is a solution of classical General Relativity (GR) were a homogeneous fluid of fixed mass M collapses in a free fall, following a radial geodesic R(τ) of the FLRW metric. This solution can be used to model the interior of a Black Hole (BH) with regular matter/radiation, without the need of negative pressure or surface terms. We propose that our Universe emerged from such a FLRW cloud with mass M ≃ 5 × 10M⊙ that collapsed 25 Gyrs ago inside its own event horizon rS = 2GM . The resulting BH had a very low density, so the collapse continues inside for 11 Gyrs. When it reaches neutron star density it explodes, like a Supernova, into the hot Big Bang expansion that we observe today. Such BHU expansion is trapped inside rS = 2GM , which acts like a cosmological constant Λ = 3/r2 S . The BHU expansion follows R ≃ [r2 H rS]1/3 so a large fraction of M is outside its Hubble radius rH = H−1. This solves the horizon and structure formation problems. Thus, the BHU model does not need Dark Energy or Inflation, yet it can be tested using current Cosmic maps because the observable Universe today is larger than rS .


Abstract : A comparison is made between the rectal and the body surface temperatures of fed mice housed in individual compartments without bedding while exposed continuously to environmental temperatures of 5 C, 15 C, and 25 C. Surface temperatures of the mice are related to the ambient temperature at which they are held. Rectal temperatures are known to undergo cyclic variations and, except for the first 24 hours at 5 C, are within normal limits throughout a week of exposure. Fasted animals at 5 C cannot maintain a core temperature beyond about 6 to 12 hours and all die within 24 hours. Injection of an LD50 dose of endotoxin fails to depress liver and muscle glycogen and total body carbohydrate after three hours at 15 C, but after an exposure of five hours liver glycogen alone remained unchanged. At 5 C, carbohydrate reserves were depleted in liver, muscle and total body after three hours in fasted mice but not in fed mice. After five hours, muscle glycogen alone was lowered. Endotoxin poisoned mice lost carbohydrates after three hours and five hours at both 5 C and 15 C.


Because of theme or selling-point problems, recent residential planning often pays too much attention to visual environment while disregarding of life respects and scenes. Based on the investigating of the new representative residential environment, the lack of multi-sensual environment design in recent habitation planning is pointed out in this paper, and then the strategy of how to build up a human-oriented multi-sensual environment, including visual environment, aural environment, olfactory environment and tactual environment, is expounded.


Schema-based Instruction (SBI) is one of the most supported methods for teaching word problem solving. In this study, the researchers simplified SBI and referred it to SSBI. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of this new method with second grade students. Participants, using SSBI, did not need to identify categories. Results demonstrated that all participants' word problem solving skills were significantly improved. The results also evidenced that students not only mastered SSBI, but also maintained the skills.


The regulation effect of rare earth oxides La 2O 3, Nd 2O 3, Sm 2O 3, Dy 2O 3, Sc 2O 3 and CeO 2 on the performance of Fe 1-x O catalysts for ammonia synthesis has been investigated systematically by TG, activity test and XRD. The reduction performance is promoted by the addition of rare earth oxides. This is due to the formation of a compound REFeO 3 between rare earth oxide and Fe 1- x O that acts as a separant in the catalyst. The promotion degree of rare earth oxide for the reduction of Fe 1-x O is strengthened with increase of the radius of rare earth metal ion. For each series of the catalysts with different rare earth oxides, the Arrhenius compensation effect exists in their reduction kinetics. The transformation temperature of reduction varies with the radius of metal ion added (except for CeO 2). The activity at low temperature is raised effectively by the addition of various rare earth oxides. Thus, the regulation effect of rare earth oxide on the activity is the same as that on the reduction.


Introduction: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), not otherwise specified, is a large B-cell lymphoma with a diffuse growth pattern and aggressive clinical course. It is divided in subgroups according to its morphology, immunophenotype, and primary site. Dissemination to bone marrow occurs in 11% to 35% of cases and can be of concordant or discordant morphology. Objective: To examine the association, the type of bone marrow involvement in relation to the primary site, morphology, immunohistochemistry of DLBCLs and to determine the cases of Epstein-Barr virus positive DLBCLs. Materials and Methods: We reviewed lymph node and extranodal biopsies as well as the respective bone marrow biopsies in all cases of DLBCL diagnosed in the Hospital General de Mexico during the period from 2002 to 2010. We used immunohystochemistry for immunophenotype identification (Hans's algorithm) and an in-situ hybridization technique to detect presence of Epstein Barr encoded RNA (EBER). Results: We included 108 patients with a mean age of 51.9 years, 59 (55%) were men. DLBCL involved lymph nodes in 60% of cases and palatine tonsils in 13%. The centroblastic variant predominated (80%) and 58% originated from activated B-cells. Infiltration of bone marrow was present in 30% of cases and was discordant in 55% of these cases. Correlation between morphology and bone marrow infiltration was statistically significant (P = 0.0003). Presence of Epstein-Barr virus was demonstrated in 15% of patients older than 50 years. Conclusions: Dissemination to bone marrow occurred in 30% of cases and discordant involvement was most common. DLBCL originating from activated B-lymphocytes predominated and the most common extranodal sites were palatine tonsils, suggesting that our population has a clinical behavior similar to Asiatic populations.


We obtain some improved bounds for high dimensional cone multipliers by combining the well-known L 2 cone restriction estimate with a refined Calderon-Zygmund decomposition which comes under the consideration of the support of the kernel.


We challenge the NLP community to participate in a large-scale, distributed effort to design and build resources for developing and evaluating solutions to new and existing NLP tasks in the context of Recognizing Textual Entailment. We argue that the single global label with which RTE examples are annotated is insufficient to effectively evaluate RTE system performance; to promote research on smaller, related NLP tasks, we believe more detailed annotation and evaluation are needed, and that this effort will benefit not just RTE researchers, but the NLP community as a whole. We use insights from successful RTE systems to propose a model for identifying and annotating textual inference phenomena in textual entailment examples, and we present the results of a pilot annotation study that show this model is feasible and the results immediately useful.


The "All But Dissertation" (ABD) syndrome is a recurrent problem in many Venezuelan universities; it refers to the difficulty students face to do research and be able to fulfill the requirement of a degree thesis, regardless of the completion of all other academic requisites. This problem, widely documented in the reviewed literature, shows an important incidence both in post-graduate and pre-graduate studies, as well as in the national and international scene. The studies report diverse explanations of the problem and different intervention strategies for it's solution. On the basis of this studies, a specific strategy to confront the problem was designed and implemented at the Cooperative Program for Teachers Education at Central University of Venezuela. It consisted of an instructional strategy based in the Systems Approach Technology, which included other components of the institution organizational system. Results of this experience demonstrate that a technically structured strategy that incorporates as many institutional resources as possible, generates an instructional environment capable of conducting all participants of a workshop to define a thesis problem, contribute to build a data basis of professors willing to advise over the thesis and start a process of active literature review.


An investigational vitamin D agonist significantly slowed prostate growth and improved prostate symptoms and urinary flow in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.


This article elaborated the treatment gynecology department inflammation must set up "the prevention primarily" the idea, and proposed must have the foreword to treat and to grasp countermeasure and so on some daily health care knowledge.


ORAND S.A. is a Chilean company focused on developing applied research in Computer Science. This report describes the participation of the ORAND team at Instance Search task (INS) and Multimedia Event Detection task (MED) in TRECVID 2014. The INS participation consisted in three submissions to automatic detection and one submission to interactive detection. All the submissions used the four samples for each topic (type D). Our submissions were based on computing approximate k-NN search between local descriptors (without using any quantization), and computing a static similarity graph between shots to propagate scores. The MED participation consisted in two submissions to pre-specified events (010Ex and 100Ex) and two submissions to ad-hoc event detection (010Ex and 100Ex). Both submissions used the MED14EvalSub (32K videos) and noPRF. The submissions considered only low-level features (gray and color SIFT) and performed approximate k-NN searches between them without computing a codebook.


Abstract. We explored a one-class classifier, the support vector data description (SVDD), using the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership Satellite–Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite and normalized difference vegetation index to map the urban extent, which was tested in the Beijing and Tianjin city group area. The urban edge-pixels were selected as training samples for SVDD based on a profile-based sampling method combining nighttime light value histograms. The results showed that the overall accuracy of SVDD was similar to the support vector machine (SVM) model. However, kappa coefficients of SVDD for highly developed cities were superior to SVM, as producer and user accuracies of SVDD were almost equal to show high agreement of urban and nonurban areas. For metropolitan areas, such as Beijing and Tianjin, the urban extent generated by SVDD is closer to the reference data. The R2 between the quantity of SVDD-estimated urban extent and population, 0.86, was higher than that obtained from SVM, 0.76, indicating that the estimated urban extent from the SVDD is more efficient for understanding the population development. The SVDD was further applied for three other representative metropolitans in China: Shanghai, Guangzhou, and Shenzhen to validate the SVDD's performance, and similar results were achieved. The success of the SVDD-based urban extent extraction improves our ability to map urban extent at regional and national scales.


Based on the social capital index system of the farmer cooperative's president,the relevant researches on the social capital of the farmer cooperative's president is summarized,and the concept of the president's social capital is defined. The classic method of three dimensions is adopted to divide social capital and the farmer cooperative is taken as the organizational boundary. After the analysis of the president 's social network,the indexes of each dimension of the president 's social capital are chosen to establish the social capital index system of the farmer cooperative's president.


[Objective] The extraction technique of the total flavonoids from halophyte-British sea grass in beach with the ultrasonic method was studied.[Method] The contain of flavonoids in British sea grass could be checked through the characteristics' color reaction of the extracts.The main factor and the optimal level of the factors that affected the yield of total flavonoids were investigated through the single-factor test and the best extraction condition was formed by means of orthogonal experiment.[Results] It was confirmed that total flavonoids was contained in the halophyte.The best extraction technology of flavonoids was that the ratio of raw material to liquid was 1∶ 15(g/ml);the concentration of ethanol,65%;the extraction temperature,60 ℃;the ultrasonic power,225 W and the extraction time,40 minutes,under which condition,the yield of total flavonoids extraction was up to 5.734%.[Conclusion] The method was with the character of high extraction rate,short extraction time,low-power and other advantages and could be used for the extraction of total flavonoids from British sea grass.


In the teaching of Fundamental Accountant,the six accounting elements and the accounting equations are one of the most difficult points students can't understand well,especially the effect of the enterprise's accounting events on accounting equations.Generally,nine events are introduced in normal textbooks which might affect accounting equations,which are different from the accounting events enterprises practically happen.So the article will analyze the effects of the changes of the six accounting elements on accounting equations to solve the difficulties.


Available good quality data on the major element chemistry of charnockitic rocks of the type area and their minerals, though few, permit generalising on some significant aspects of their geochemistry hitherto not focussed upon. Rocks belonging to even the 'charnockite suite' of Subramaniam (1959) exhibit migmatitic rather than magmatic chemistry; migmatisation is also reflected in subtle changes in the chemistry of some minerals such as hornblendes. The grand average of all charnockitic rocks of the type area correspond to an intermediate composition like that ofa diorite and is similar to the average compositions of other well-studied charnockite areas. The lower crust, according to current belief, is probably of such composition; and in as much as charnockites-granulites make substantial contribution to the Precambrian shield areas, they should be included in computing the average chemical composition of the shields and the continental crust. This would result in lower Si for shield averages, and lower K, Ti, Fe and higher Si for the continental crust.


Talented people resource development degree is all-important factor to determine whether a country or region is developed or not.USA has obvious characteristics on the aspect of talented people resource development,namely,free enterprise system plays important role;market plays basic role;government brings macro-control function into play;education cultivates lots of talents;attract and keep actively external talents is the important component of talented people strategy.Our country should consult actively the experience of USA,do well the talented people resource development.


Russian Understanding of War: Blurring the Lines Between War and Peace is a long-awaited work in the field of military studies. The book is an effort to right the wrongs of the past years' Russia m...