The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of discounts, bonus packages,
loyalty programs on impulse buying behavior with the data analysis technique used
is the MRA test and classical assumptions. The respondents who were sampled were
110 people with the criteria of Matahari Departement Store visitors in Surabaya,
having the Matahari Departement Store mamber card. Based on the research
results, discounts have a significant effect on the impulse buying behavior. Buy oneget
one have a significant positive effect on impulse buying behavior. The loyalty
program has a significant positive effect on impulse buying behavior. To increase
impulse buying behavior at Matahari Department Store in Surabaya, there must be
discount promotions, buy one- get one made by various brands so that many
consumers will visit Matahari Department Store in Surabaya
Keywords: Discounts, Buy one- get one, loyalty program and impulsive buying
behavior


Abstract First principles calculations were performed to understand an electronic origin of high ductility in silver chloride (AgCl) with the rock salt structure. From calculations of generalised stacking fault energies for different slip systems, it was found that only the {1 1 0} slip system is favourably activated in sodium chloride (NaCl) with the same rock salt structure, whereas AgCl shows three kinds of possible slip systems along the direction on the {0 0 1}, {1 1 0}, and {1 1 1} planes, which is in excellent agreement with experiment. Detailed analyses of the electronic structures across slip planes showed that the more covalent character of bonding of Ag–Cl than Na–Cl tends to make the slip motion energetically favourable. It was also surprising to find out that strong Ag–Ag covalent bonds across the slip plane are formed in the {0 0 1}〈1 1 0〉 slip system in AgCl, which makes it possible to activate the multiple slip systems in AgCl.


Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) and Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) in Indonesia is still high. The central government and the local governments charged jointly conduct various innovative efforts of health. As an example of Puskesmas Gucialit Lumajang in addressing the issue of high maternal and infant mortality in the region through Program breakthrough husband standby. The results showed that the standby husband breakthrough innovation has been implemented properly. Many services provided, quality of service is better, and showed the declining trend in maternal and infant mortality in the region Gucialit. Program breakthrough husband standby innovation success capable of being expanded into a container that is wider in 2013 through a program dear mother and child.


Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a literature review on the use of cone-beam computed tomography in periodontics and determine the extent and severity of periodontal lesions so as to encourage the development of a new concept for diagnosis and surgical planning in periodontics. Material and methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed database using the following keywords: computed tomography, diagnosis periodontics, bone defects, furcation lesions, and periodontal biotype. A total of 33 articles were found. Results: A review of the articles suggested benefits in using this technology in periodontal surgical planning, for treatment of furcation lesions, bone defects, and determination of periodontal biotype. Conclusion: Cone-beam computed tomography three-dimensional images is superior to conventional radiography. It also minimizes patient exposure to ionizing radiation, optimizes surgical planning, and decreases operative time, leading to a better response to treatment. This technology is very useful in clinical practice, but is not used widely in periodontics. We believe that the use of this technology should be promoted among professionals.


In view of the importance of hotel industry for the national economic development, and the education and training of tourism talents is important guarantee for the development of hotel industry steadily, the correlation analysis of the number of star-hotels and the number of tourism education is very important which not only enrich related research theory, but also provides good reference to managers. The author selected the 13 years of national data from 2001 to 2013 and researched each variable indicators exploratory using correlation analysis by SPSS16.0 statistical analysis software, then found that the number of star-hotels(except the two-star hotel) had the strength of linear relationship with tourism education, and at last, the author put forward several policy suggestions on the basis of the conclusions.


■ The central challenge in commonsense knowledge representation research is to develop content theories that achieve a high degree of both competency and coverage. We describe a new methodology for constructing formal theories in commonsense knowledge domains that complements traditional knowledge representation approaches by first addressing issues of coverage. We show how a close examination of a very general task (strategic planning) leads to a catalog of the concepts and facts that must be encoded for general commonsense reasoning. These concepts are sorted into a manageable number of coherent domains, one of which is the representational area of commonsense human memory. We then elaborate on these concepts using textual corpus-analysis techniques, where the conceptual distinctions made in natural language are used to improve the definitions of the concepts that should be expressible in our formal theories. These representational areas are then analyzed using more traditional knowledge representation techniques, as demonstrated in this article by our treatment of commonsense human memory.


In the modern era, the dependency on Internet of Thing based devices becomes more popular because of their safe and easy mode of operation. Most of the equipment used in our daily utilities for example; Television, air conditioner etc. are now constituted as IOT devices. These devices connected through a common internet network are electronic devices which work on small dc voltage thus can be characterized as non-linear devices or non-linear loads. When the IOT system is connected to the main power supply, it draws distorted supply current with unwanted harmonic distortions. This paper illustrates the model design of Photo Voltaic fed Active power filter to reduce the harmonic distortions and to improve power quality of sinusoidal ac supply when fed to IOT devices. Artificial Intelligence methodology is used to generate the reference current signal and switching signal to decide the state of switching of ShAPF. The percentage of harmonic distortions is reduced to less than 5% as per the protocol of IEEE standard 519. The result analysis of AI controlled PV-based ShAPF fed IOT devices has been done using MATLAB/ Simulation software tool.


Since the establishment of Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) as a research field, the main focus has been on implementing new methods to improve the predictive performance of soil maps. However, considerably less effort has been invested in investigating the best way to communicate the quality of soil mapping products with users. This is essential for soil maps to be adopted by a broader community, future research guidance and most importantly, to ensure that they are used correctly. We introduce a high-resolution 3D soil modelling and mapping platform for the Netherlands (BIS-3D) using a quantile regression forest (QRF) for spatial interpolation approach that includes an assessment of the map quality using GlobalSoilMap (GSM) accuracy thresholds. Our objectives are twofold: a) providing accurate and high-resolution (25m) soil pH, soil organic carbon, and soil texture (clay, silt, and sand) maps over 3D space including prediction uncertainty; and b) providing an intuitive way to communicate accuracy of soil maps for users by means of accuracy thresholds. In this work, the first outputs of the modelling and mapping platform BIS-3D are being presented.


1. The fluid sacs and bladders of ten foetuses and the allantoic sacs of five foetuses were catheterized between 79 and 96 days gestational age and daily samples were withdrawn until lambs were born naturally at ∼147 days. Maternal jugular plasma obtained daily allowed the nutritional status of each ewe to be regulated and monitored. All lambs were observed for 7 weeks, and at post‐mortem no abnormalities were seen in those operated upon in utero.


The new genus Thaicypridopsis gen. nov. described here belongs to the tribe Zonocypridini Higuti & Martens, 2012 in the subfamily Cypridopsinae Kaufmann, 1900. It is the first record of the Recent representatives within this tribe in Southeast Asia and Oriental regions. Thaicypridopsis gen. nov. has a number of remarkable characters that distinguish it from other genera in the subfamily: a submarginal row of distinctive tubercles on the postero-ventral part of the right valve in the interior view, a strong serrated claw G2 on the second antenna with an apical concavity, large bristles with hirsute endings and spatula-shaped apexes on all three maxillular endites and a bifurcate tip on the terminal claw of the second thoracopod. One new species, Thaicypridopsis longispinosa sp. nov., is described under this new genus in the present contribution. Apart from the above diagnostic characters, the new species also has long spines on the valve surface as its outstanding feature. The new taxon is morphologically compared with other related species and genera within and outside the subfamily Cypridopsinae. In addition, due to the new genus belonging to a group of genera with the left valve overlapping the right valve in the subfamily, a key to the genera within this group is given.


Oxides of nitrogen (NO) in exhaust gases was determined by absorbing the gas in alkaline peroxide solution containing 0.03 H2O2 and 0.1N NaOH. About 100 ppm of NO was rapidly oxidized to NO or NO by HO and required a contact time of 2 minutes with the absorbing solution for complete absorption. With vigorous shaking including air or oxygen gas, high concentration of NO (>200 ppm) can be absorbed within 30 minutes. The remaining HO affect the absorbance of color solution strongly. However, the excess HO was completely decomposed by zinc powder 0.5g and the sample solution should be adjusted to the pH range 6.1∼6.6 before the reduction so that conversion of nitrate to nitrite ion is possible. The absorbed NO is determined colorimetrically by the diazotization-coupling method with sulfonilamide and NEDA as the coupling agent. The sensitivity of the new method was 4.48 10 as molar absorptivity which was high sensitive compared with that obtained for the usual zinc reduction NEDA method with O. This method was far more rapid, brief and accurate than previously published O-NEDA method in Korean industrial standard.


In this work we propose a hybrid technique for artificial neural network optimization based in UWB system. This technique is a combination of real-coded genetic (GA) and back propagation (BP) algorithms simulating an ultra wideband (UWB) system. The main idea is to apply the back propagation over the five more adapted individuals of each generation produced by the real coded GA, in order to allow the evolution of these individuals before the crossover operation. The combined algorithms are used in non-linear system identification. Some solutions are presented to solve common problems arising from the application of genetic algorithm


This paper aims to understand the social representations of postpartum depression in social networks. This research is qualitative, exploratory, and documentary, researched through facebook posts and comments, within groups on postpartum depression. From the reports of online mothers, an analysis corpus was formed with the aid of IrAMuTeQ 0.7 software. From this corpus, a descending hierarchical classification was performed, that allows a lexical analysis of the textual material, maintains contexts (lexical classes), highlighted by a specific vocabulary and by the text patterns in which these words are inserted. The results show that the social representations of postpartum depression in social networks bring the idea that the lack of support among family members, family conflicts, the presence of psychological distress or chemical dependence in the family and the lack of bond are variables that would influence in the occurrence of postpartum depression, which refers to the relevance of family and social support as a health promotion strategy. In this sense, social and health programs should take into account the presence of the family in the process of promotion and prevention in women's health.


—Cloud patterns describe deployment and use of various cloud-hosted applications. There is little research that focuses on applying these patterns to cloud-hosted Global Soft- ware Development (GSD) tools. As a result, it is difficult to know the applicable deployment patterns, supporting technologies and trade-offs to consider for specific software development processes. This paper presents a taxonomy of deployment patterns for cloud-hosted applications. The taxonomy is composed of 24 sub-categories, which were systematically integrated and structured into 8 high-level categories. The taxonomy is applied to a selected set of software tools: JIRA, VersionOne, Hudson, Subversion and Bugzilla. The study confirms that most deployment patterns are related and cannot be fully implemented without being combined with others. The taxonomy revealed that (i) the functionality provided by most deployment patterns can often be accessed through an API or plugin integrated with the GSD tool, and (ii) RESTful web services and messaging are the dominant strategies used by GSD tools to maintain state and exchange information asynchronously, respectively. This paper also describes CLIP (CLoud-based Identification process for deployment Patterns), to guide software architects in selecting applicable cloud deployment patterns for GSD tools using the taxonomy and thereafter applies it to a motivating cloud deployment problem. Recommendations for guiding architects in selecting applicable deployment patterns for cloud deployment of GSD tools are also provided.


Evaluation of Cracking and Localized Corrosion Behavior of Cladding Materials by Subhas Pothana Dr. Ajit K.Roy, Examination Committee chair Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada, Las Vegas This investigation is focused on the evaluation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), hydrogen embrittlement (HE) and localized corrosion (pitting and crevice) susceptibility of zircaloy-2 and zircaloy-4 in neutral and acidic solutions at 30, 60, 90°C. Constant-load and slow-strain-rate (SSR) testing methods were used to evaluate the SCC and HE behavior of both alloys by iKe of smooth and notched tensile specimens. Controlled cathodic potentials were applied to evaluate the hydrogen efkct on the cracking behavior. Cychc potentiodynamic polarization technique was used to determine the localized corrosion susceptibility. The metallography and morphology of failure were analyzed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. No cracking was observed under constant loading. However, the SSR testing revealed enhanced ductility and reduced failure stresses with increasing temperature. These effects were more pronounced under cathodic charging. All polarization specimens showed signs of general dissolution but no classical pits or crevices. Fractographic evaluations by SEM revealed dimpled microstructure indicating ductile failures.


For more efficient use of the high pressure water-jet in rehabilitation of the water pipes, we have studied the water-jet cleaning motion of the in-pipe robot with screw drive. The mathematical models of the water-jet in the straight and the curved pipe (90 degrees elbow), representative features of the water mains, were designed to understand the water-jet motion and simulations have been performed. Furthermore the experiments has been conducted to validate the simulations by using the prototype in-pipe robot in the 3-D pipeline. The simulation results show that the water-jet motion in the straight pipe has a constant water-jet interval, whereas the motion in the curved pipe is changed by its position. By the comparison of the simulation and the experimental results, we have demonstrated that the simulations successfully estimate the water-jet motion inside the water pipes. Therefore in-pipe robot operators can predict a water-jet motion for a target water pipe through the simulation and flexibly make a proper water-jet motion by changing the robot configurations before a cleaning work.


The project described in this paper included development of surge ensemble modelling for the UK, and demonstration of probabilistic coastal flood forecasting for an area in the Irish Sea. Its purpose was to develop, demonstrate and evaluate probabilistic methods for surge, nearshore wave, and coastal flood forecasting. The main features that distinguish these methods from existing UK practice are in the use of hydraulic models extending through to action at coastal defences, and the use of ensemble and other probabilistic approaches throughout. Estimation of high overtopping as an indicator of coastal flooding involves transformation of wave forecasts through the nearshore and surf zones, and the combined effects of waves and sea level in causing overtopping; with sufficient accuracy and reliability for acceptance, and sufficient lead time for actions to be taken to reduce potential losses.


The microalgae Myrmecia incise is rich in arachidonic acid(20:4 ω6,AA).The synthesis of AA is thought to begin with the conversion of oleic acid(18:1,oleic acid) to linoleic acid(18:2,linoleic acid,LA) and then proceeding along the ω6 pathway by the catalysis of Δ12,Δ6,Δ5 and other fatty acid desaturases(FADs),based on the fatty acids that have been detected in M.incisa.We cloned the full length cDNAs and the corre-sponding DNAs of the Δ12,Δ6,and Δ5 FAD genes(GenBank accession numbers: JN205757,JN205755,and JN205756,respectively).The full-length cDNAs for the Δ12,Δ6,and Δ5 FAD genes were 1806 bp,2674 bp,and 2318 bp,respectively,and their corresponding ORFs were 1 137 bp,1 443 bp,and 1446 bp in length encoding putative proteins consisting of 378,480,and 481 amino acids,respectively.Compared to their corresponding DNA sequences,the coding sequences of the Δ12,Δ6,and Δ5 FAD genes were interrupted by 4,5,and 7 introns,respec-tively,with all the splice sites matching the "GT-AG" rule.The encoded Δ12,Δ6,and Δ5 FAD proteins were rich in hydrophobic amino acids which accounted for 52.8,46.6,and 50.9% of total amino acids,respectively.The codon preference of these FAD genes was identical to that deduced from other genes using an M.incisa cDNA library.Prediction of transmembrane domains revealed that these three FADs had four transmembrane domains,while Δ5 FAD and Δ12 FAD had another hydrophobic but not transmembrane region.These FADs were conserved,having three histidine boxes similar to the FAD family.The neighbor-joining(NJ) phylogenetic tree inferred from the putative proteins of the FAD genes indicated that the Δ12,Δ6,Δ5,and ω3 FADs in M.incisa were clustered within their corresponding clades,the Δ12 and ω3 FADs were genetically closer,and the Δ6 and Δ5 FADs had a closer genetic relationship.The relative transcription of these three FAD genes was estimated by quantitative real-time PCR(Q-RT-PCR) in M.incisa during culture under nitrogen starvation for 96 h followed by nitrogen replenishment for 72 h.The relative transcription of these three genes increased under nitrogen starvation,then declined rapidly and significantly after M.incisa were transferred to the nitrogen rich medium,suggesting that these FAD genes were subject to regulation by nitrogen.Taking the known variation of fatty acids together,our results suggest that the increased transcription of these FAD genes may play an important role in the synthesis and accumulation of AA when M.incisa is cultured in nitrogen deficient conditions,and that Δ6 FAD is more critical than the remaining FADs.Our observations provide a foundation for investigation of the metabolic pathway and molecular regulation mechanism for AA biosynthesis and accumulation in M.incisa during nitrogen starvation.


A particle-into-liquid sampler (PILS) was applied to the collection of atmospheric aerosol particles for the analysis of α-pinene and its oxidation products. A cyclone and four denuders were coupled to the PILS to eliminate large particles and minimize the negative effects of gas-phase compounds. The PILS setup, sampling time, number and quality of denuders, sample pretreatment and analysis were optimized. Pinonaldehyde, α-pinene, pinic acid and cis-pinonic acid were selected for the investigation. The results showed that the PILS is suitable for the sampling of biogenic aerosols because oxidation, evaporation and adsorption, which are the most important sources for artifacts in filter and impactor sampling, can be minimized. In addition, a short sampling time and capability for on-line analysis of major organic compounds in aerosols make this a promising technique for obtaining reliable information about particle composition with the good time resolution. In addition, the PILS can be on-line coupled to mass spectrometry. Advantages and disadvantages of the PILS in regard to the analysis of organic compounds are discussed.


This paper is an outcome of an on-going research project sponsored by department of (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India, in which a wireless sensor network based on ZigBee-WiFi-Wi-Max hybrid wireless sensor network (WSN) has been developed. This system has been used for implementing telemedicine system as an information gateway between old age homes and nearby hospitals, for the purpose of transmitting health data wirelessly over a distance of about 20 km range. This system is developed in two separate modules, one consisting of ZigBee based WSN which is applied for wireless data transmission up to a distance of two kilometres, and the other comprises of WiFi-Wi-Max based WSN used to transmit data up to a distance of twenty kilometres. The hybrid wireless network has been tested for distance range, speed of data transfer and time delays for bulk data transfer. Several observations were collected and it has been proved experimentally that the developed system is low cost, consumes relatively low power, and transmits data efficiently without significant time delay in bulk data transmission. Another solution which has been designed and validated is to transfer all data to a database residing on web. This database can be accessed via 3G – GRPS connection on PDA, Mobile phones at any location across the globe. For areas without pre-existing physical cable or landline telephone networks, wireless application protocol (WAP) may be a viable alternative for broadband access between remote ZigBee networks and hospital information centre that has been economically unavailable. In the ZigBee-Wi-Max hybrid system first low distance information (within old age home) is transmitted wirelessly using ZigBee technology. Then this information is transferred to Web server and it can be assessed on Laptops/ Computers having internet connection, mobile phones, personnel digital assistant (PDAs) using GPRS connection. The performance of the hybrid system has been evaluated based on numeric result of testing.


In light of the housing shortage in Sweden, municipalities all over the country are struggling to fulfil their responsibility of housing provision. In many municipalities it is an imminent problem to provide affordable and proper housing, not least for the most vulnerable groups in society. This situation has not gone by unnoticed. Several political initiatives have been taken in order to examine and resolve problems in regard to housing provision, and the discussion has put state aid rules in the limelight as a possible solution. The possibility for municipalities to fulfil their responsibility of housing provision by use of EU state aid rules on services of general economic interest has caught particular interest, especially in Swedish preparatory acts, as well as created ambiguity as to the applicability of these state aid rules in municipal housing policy. Following this legal uncertainty, municipalities have been reluctant to use these state aid rules in order to fulfil their responsibility of housing provision. This thesis examines if housing provision is considered to be a general interest in Sweden, and as such, if it can fall within the concept of services of general economic interest for the purpose of EU state aid rules. It highlights the possibilities that the provisions on services of general economic interest can offer for municipalities, and analyses the application of such rules in municipal housing policy. The thesis argues that municipalities lack legal prerequisites in order to apply the EU provisions on services on general economic interest, and suggests that clarity and guidance is best provided by use of national law. (Less)


A box girder bridge was simulated by ANSYS software, where the interlaminar relation of the bridge deck pavement was assumed to be frictionally sliding rather than continuous. Stresses of the asphalt concrete pavement were calculated when various disengaging areas between the layers appeared in the load region. Results showed that the size of the disengaging area in the load region had a significant influence on the stresses of the asphalt concrete. The position where the disengaging area appeared obviously changed the stresses of the asphalt concrete; when the disengaging area appeared under the load region, the horizontal load increased the shear stresses of the asphalt concrete. The relative positions of the disengaging area and the load region also influenced the stresses of the asphalt concrete.


abstractIn order to maintain economic development, while at the same time safeguarding cultural identity, it is essential for a nation's mass media to play a responsible role in the selection and dissemination of information. This paper outlines how this may be done so that society can be educated in the proper use of appropriate information, instead of isolating itself from the rest of the world due to some mistaken fear of the impact of globalization.


The invention provides lipase capable of effectively reducing the cholesterol level and blood fat level of a human body and an application of the lipase in preparing anti-hypercholesterolemia and anti-hyperlipemia medicament. High-fat emulsion is injected into the stomach of a rat to obtain a non-alcoholic simple fatty liver model of the rat, and the preventive treatment effect of the lipase on the rat is checked. The result shows that compared with the model control group, the lipase dose group can effectively reduce the activity of ALT and triglyceride content of hepatic tissue, and can reduce the level of fatty degeneration of liver simultaneously, thereby having the value of popularizing and application.


Although the science and technology of hot dip galvanizing have improved significantly over the years, it is still a challenge to produce high-quality coatings for decorative and constructional applications. Different applications require specific appearance of galvanized coatings (e.g. dull appearance in roof construction). The appearance of the coatings depends on processing properties, steel content, and substrate surface conditions. The purpose of this study is to work out a technique how to evaluate the appearance of hot dip galvanized coatings. Under observation are substrate steel parameters (chemical composition, surface conditions e.g. roughness), which affect the appearance of hot dip galvanized coatings. Based on this research appearance classifications have been established.


The university's ideological and political theory education is a great soul project to awaken students' minds and shape character. The successful ideological and political theory education should not only strictly obey the four "circles" positioning of our Party and our country on the theme of ideology, but also highly accord with the three "spiritual" demands of college students. At present, Marxism theory education in colleges and universities poses many problems such as the separation of theory and reality in content, conceptual cognitive and emotional barriers, knowledge disjointed from practice and so on. Therefore, the teaching contents and methods of university's ideological and political theory education should be explored in a targeted way to fulfill the mission of knowledge teaching, character forging, quality cultivating and moral education more effectively.


Background: Interferon α-2b is a vital biotherapeutic produced through the recombinant DNA technology in E. coli. The recombinant IFN-α2b normally appears as intercellular IBs, which requires intensive refolding and purification steps. Method: Purification of IFN-α2b from solubilized IB was performed using two-phase extraction. To optimize refolding conditions, the effects of pH and different additives, including cysteine, cystine, urea, glycerol, Triton X-100, NaCl, and arginine, were investigated. Optimal refolding buffer (0.64 mM of urea, 5.57 mM of cysteine , and 1.8 mM of cystine) was obtained using RSM. The refolding process was performed by an optimized refolding buffer in the dilution and fed-batch refolding method at different protein concentrations (25-1000 µg/mL). Result: At a final protein concentration of 500 µg/mL, the fed-batch refolding method yielded in a biological activity of 2.24 × 108 IU/mg, which was nearly twice that of dilution method. Conclusion: Fed-batch refolding method resulted in the biologically active IFN-α2b with high purity, which can be used for research and industrial purposes.


Iranian traditional medicine (ITM) is a school of medicine that has been a source of medical care since ancient times. Based on the teachings of ITM, a balance between six essential principles governing a person's body can lead to health and cure disease. The current paper reports of a case of liver cirrhosis managed according to these principles in an approach known as the triangle of health. A combination of dietary, medicinal, and therapies was prescribed for a patient with a definitive diagnosis of autoimmune-induced liver cirrhosis. Adherence to the prescribed regimen has led to the improvement of the patient's condition over the last few months.


In this note we introduce a new approach to measure media alignment derived from the story-sharing behavior of journalists. We use a large corpus of online news stories from two leading Hungarian news sites and estimate alignment scores for a large number of outlets that they cite. To the extent that journalists are more likely to cite ideologically proximate sources, our measure can be used to compare a large number of media outlets on a political — in our case government vs. independent — space. We demonstrate the use of this approach with two empirical applications. First, we show that our alignment scores successfully capture known ideological variation across outlets at a single point in time. Second, we demonstrate that quarterly estimates of alignment for a captured outlet change dramatically following an abrupt change in ownership.


Background and aim: Minimally invasive procedures; laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and Mini-Laparotomy cholecystectomy (MC), have largely replaced the traditional cholecystectomy. The aim of our study was to compare short term outcomes of LC versus MC for the treatment of gallstones. Patients and methods: This is a prospective study that included patients with gallstones who were referred, randomized and enrolled in the study for elective LC or MC at Sohag University hospital, Egypt; between December 2012 and December 2014. Operation, anaesthesia, rescue analgesics and postoperative care were standardized. The patients were assessed for operation time as primary outcome; length of hospital stay, postoperative pain, and surgical conversion and perioperative complications as secondary outcomes. The patient's outcome was recorded up to four weeks postoperative. Results: Of 220 patients, 110 underwent LC and 110 underwent MC. The mean operative time for MC group was 42.3 ±14.7 which was significantly lower than LC 52.1 ± 19.5 (p value 0.018). There was no statistically significant difference in both groups as regard length of hospital stay, post operative pain, and conversion rate or perioperative complications. Conclusion: MC is an appropriate minimal invasive procedure for cholecystectomy without the financial resources for laparoscopic equipment and rightly trained surgical teams.


Background: Patterns of shrub patches reflect the long-term effects of several environmental drivers; the same drivers may also affect adjacent herbaceous vegetation. The identity of such drivers may be indicated by associating patterns of shrubs and adjacent vegetation. However, such associations have rarely been examined. Aim: Assess the hypothesis that configuration of shrub patches is related to the diversity of adjacent herbaceous vegetation, through the impact of variation in herbivory and/or growing conditions. Methods: Multivariate analyses of the relationship between patch configuration of tall shrubs and diversity of adjacent herbaceous vegetation, across two tundra river catchments in Norway. Results: Configuration of shrub patches was clearly related to α and β diversity of adjacent herbaceous vegetation, independent of concurrent herbivore abundance (estimated from faeces during the study), or growing conditions. Highly-shredded shrub patches (i.e. fragmented patches with high edge density) were associated with grazing-tolerant species and low species richness. Conversely, little-shredded tall shrub patches were associated with grazing-sensitive shrub saplings. This indicates change in herbivory on a timescale longer than that covered by our faeces data. Conclusions: Consistent co-variation of shrub and herbaceous patches in tall shrub tundra supports the hypothesis of impacts of a shared driver. Interpretation of this co-variation points to long-term influence of herbivory as the shared driver.


We address the question of estimating Kullback-Leibler losses rather than squared losses in recovery problems where the noise is distributed within the exponential family. Inspired by Stein unbiased risk estimator (SURE), we exhibit conditions under which these losses can be unbiasedly estimated or estimated with a controlled bias. Simulations on parameter selection problems in applications to image denoising and variable selection with Gamma and Poisson noises illustrate the interest of Kullback-Leibler losses and the proposed estimators.


Background: Few studies have validated when an athlete can safely return to sports, and even fewer have identified when he or she no longer requires physical therapy after surgery. Discontinuing physical therapy is often dictated by insurance restrictions, but most studies have suggested that the decision should be multifactorial, stemming from patient-derived subjective outcome questionnaires, clinical examination, and isokinetic and functional testing. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to establish discriminant validity and reliability of an objective physical therapy clearance (PTC) test in a clinical setting. The hypotheses were that the PTC test (1) will demonstrate different scores between normal and postoperative cohorts and (2) will have acceptable inter- and intraobserver reliability. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Four cohorts (27 total participants; age range, 12-18 years) underwent the PTC test: 9 adolescents 6 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 4 adolescents 6 weeks after partial meniscectomy, 5 adolescents with nonstructural knee pain, and 9 control/healthy participants without any lower extremity complaint. The PTC test included a dynamic warm-up, objective measures (knee range of motion, thigh girth, and muscle motor tone), functional strength tests (heel raises, single-leg dips, hop tests, tuck jumps), and agility tests (shuffle and sprint T-test). Each testing session was videotaped and scored live by the physical therapist administering the test, and then scored via the video recording by an independent physical therapist and 2 orthopaedic surgeons. Results: The PTC test was found to have discriminant validity between the control cohort and both cohorts with previous surgery. The single-leg dip, single-leg hop, and vertical tuck jump were the most discriminatory components. The PTC test had moderate to almost perfect intrarater reliability (κ = 0.57-1), but only fair to moderate interrater reliability among video graders (κ = 0.29-0.58) and slight to substantial reliability between video graders and the live PT rater (κ = 0.19-0.63). Conclusion: The PTC test was found to have moderate inter- and intraobserver agreement, with the ability to discriminate between postoperative and control patients.


The media in Russia have for a long time operated under tight state control. The recent adoption of media laws signaled a turning point in the development of freedom, independence and pluralism of ...


AA 41/2 - State Library of South Australia photograph - AA 41 Henry Yorke Lyell Brown - Guide to Records


he soybean crop in the United States has a relatively narrow genetic base. A pedigree analysis of 258 public cultivars released between 1947 and 1988 showed that 80 ancestors accounted for 99% of the parentage (Gizlice et al., 1994). Just 26 ancestors accounted for nearly 90% of the total ancestry, and 5 ancestors accounted for more than 55%. Introgression of new genetic diversity with a posi- tive impact on seed yield is a critical part of the strategy to increase soybean yield in the United States. ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) germplasm line LG00-3372 (Reg. No. GP-376, PI 660989) was developed and released by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL. LG00-3372 is derived from an F 5 plant from the cross PI 561319A × PI 574477 and is classifi ed in late maturity group III. PI 561319A is an introduction from China that is not in the ancestry of any released germplasm or cultivar in the United States. PI 57447 is one of the parents of LG00-6313, a germplasm line also released by the USDA-ARS and the Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station, Urbana, IL. In cooperative tests at 8 locations with private industry, 11 locations in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Northern States, Preliminary Test III, in 2003, and 18 locations in the USDA Uniform Soybean Tests-Northern States, Uniform Test III, in 2004, LG00-3372 yielded 104, 105, and 102% of the cultivar 'Macon'. LG00-3372 is known to be susceptible to races 4 and 7 of Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann & Gerdemann). LG00-3372 can be used as a parent for soybean breeding programs to provide new genetic diversity to improve the yield of U.S. cultivars.


Chondromas arising from the dura mater are rare intracranial tumors. We describe a case of intracranial chondroma originating from the durra mater of the convexity, mimicking a meningioma. The neuroradiological and surgical findings are described. The diagnostic clues for the differential diagnosis between chondromas and meningiomas are discussed and reviewed.


ARP is a kind of attack that aims to prevent user to access services.This paper introduces ARP working principle,the principle of ARP attack and the kinds,and the defense pointed out that the corresponding solution.


SURGICAL JOURNAL. SIR, Like many of your readers I was surprised to find that the case of puerperal convulsions followed by ptyalysm, related by Mr. Druitt, in one of your previous numbers, with so much candour and honestv, had been made the subject of such severe and unmerited strictures by Dr. North Arnold, in a letter at variance with all the principles of practice of the hlighest authorities in this disease. However, as he has #lready been replied to by Mr. Druitt, I do not feel called upon to enter the lists with him; but if I shall not be trespassing too muclh upon your pages, and on the patience of your readers, I will give you as succinctly as possible the details of a few cases of the disease in question, of which [ have taken notes at the time, more or less imperfect, as my own leisure permitted, or the severity of the case suggested. The cases are generally illustrative of the practice recommended by our greatest obstetricians, that of doing all we can as promptly as possible for the removal of the severe congestion, or local plethora, on which the disease generally depends; but at the same time such modifications of this practice as the circum-


This article discusses issues related to the activities of committees under the board of directors (supervisory board) of joint stock companies whose shares are owned by the Russian Federation. A brief review of the corporate governance of six joint-stock companies with state participation is under way. The study is based on the analysis of the internal regulatory acts of the societies under consideration, current legislation, and Russian and foreign legal doctrine. The author comes to the conclusion that most often in joint stock companies with state participation, audit committees, strategy committees, as well as personnel and remuneration committees are created under the board of directors (supervisory board). The activities of the audit committee in the light of changes in shareholder legislation are analyzed in more detail. As a result of the research, author's conclusions are formulated on the positive dynamics in the area of improving Russian corporate governance and on the development prospects of such management tools, the place of the committees of the board of directors in the hierarchy of business company's bodies is indicated.


Aim  It has been proposed that, in tropical savannas, trees deploy their leaves earlier in the growing season and grasses deploy their leaves later. This hypothesis implies a mechanism that facilitates the coexistence of trees and grasses in savannas. If true, this hypothesis would also allow algorithms to use differences in the phenological timing of grass and tree leaves to partition the relative contribution of grasses and trees to net primary production. In this study we examine whether a temporal niche separation between grasses and trees exists in savanna.


We prove from suitable large cardinal hypotheses that the least weakly compact cardinal can be unfoldable, weakly measurable and even nearly θ -supercompact, for any desired θ . In addition, we prove several global results showing how the entire class of weakly compactcardinals, a proper class, can be made to coincide with the class of unfoldable cardinals, with the class of weakly measurable cardinals or with the class of nearly θ κ -supercompact cardinals κ , for nearly any desired function κ (cid:3)→ θ κ . These results answer several questions that had been open in the literature and extend to these large cardinals the identity-crises phenomenon, first identified by Magidor with the strongly compact cardinals.


By adjusting the casting conditions, the oxygen permeabilities of poly(4-methyl-pentene-1) (TPX) membranes prepared in this study are in the range of 2.91–7.14 × 10−9 cm3(STP) cm/cm2 s cm Hg and permeability ratio of O2/N2 between 2.7 and 4.4. To increase O2N2 selectivity, the vinylpyridine is γ-ray irradiation-grafted onto the substrate–TPX membrane. The factors that affect the structure and performance of the grafted membrane considered are: tightness of substrate, kind of solvent for grafting monomers, irradiation conditions, total irradiation dose, and operating temperature and pressure. The O2/N2 selectivities of grafted TPX membranes are significantly improved comparing to that of nongrafted TPX membranes. For example, an O2 permeability of 35.6 × 10−10 cm3(STP) cm/cm2 s cm Hg and an O2/N2 permeability ratio of 7.5 for the grafted membrane can be obtained.


We show the existence of semiorthogonal decompositions of Donaldson-Thomas categories for (−1)-shifted cotangent derived stacks associated with Θ-stratifications on them. Our main result gives an analogue of window theorem for categorical DT theory, which has applications to d-critical analogue of D/K equivalence conjecture, i.e. existence of fully-faithful functors (equivalences) under d-critical flips (flops). As an example of applications, we show the existence of fully-faithful functors of DT categories for Pandharipande-Thomas stable pair moduli spaces under wall-crossing at super-rigid rational curves for any relative reduced curve classes.


Recent research has revealed the existence of intuitive representations strongly rooted in diverse knowledge domains and the difficulties of modifying those representations through instruction by means of conceptual change processes (Carey, 1995; Gopnik & Meltzoff, 1997; Vosniadou, 1994). According to some interpretations, these representations are organized in the form of intuitive or implicit theories, among whose features would be representational consistency across different contexts or tasks. Other authors, however, have argued in favor of the partial or situated nature of these representations so that we cannot talk about authentic theories (Caravita & Hallden, 1994; diSessa, 1993, 1994). In this research, we analyzed the consistency of the representations on the nature of matter held by people with diverse levels of instruction from adolescents aged 12 to students with advanced studies in chemistry. Our objective was to analyze the consistency of these representations with respect to the core concepts of chemistry, the intrinsic movement of particles, and the discontinuous nature of matter, which would be constituted by particles separated by empty space. However, these two core concepts would be in contradiction to our embodied representation of matter based on its macroscopic or sensorial properties according to which matter is static and continuous. The results confirm a majority and consistent use of intuitive representations as against scientific ones, confirming that at least from the point of view of consistency, these representations constitute authentic implicit theories. Moreover, it is those representations that correspond to the macroscopic properties of matter that are used in the most consistent way, which also supports the hypothesis of the embodied nature of these theories. Although the corpuscular theory of matter, when used appropriately, provides more consistent representations, our data show a quite limited use of this theory, even among students with advanced studies in science, which once more shows the difficulties of achieving, through instruction, a change in these implicit, embodied theories. In the article, we discuss the implications of these data for science teaching.


Supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycles are promising candidates for concentrated-solar power and waste-heat recovery applications, having advantages of compact turbomachinery and high cycle efficiencies at heat-source temperature in the range of 400 to 800 ∘C. However, for distributed-scale systems (0.1–1.0 MW) the choice of turbomachinery type is unclear. Radial turbines are known to be an effective machine for micro-scale applications. Alternatively, feasible single-stage axial turbine designs could be achieved allowing for better heat transfer control and improved bearing life. Thus, the aim of this study is to investigate the design of a single-stage 100 kW sCO2 axial turbine through the identification of optimal turbine design parameters from both mechanical and aerodynamic performance perspectives. For this purpose, a preliminary design tool has been developed and refined by accounting for passage losses using loss models that are widely used for the design of turbomachinery operating with fluids such as air or steam. The designs were assessed for a turbine that runs at inlet conditions of 923 K, 170 bar, expansion ratio of 3 and shaft speeds of 150k, 200k and 250k RPM respectively. It was found that feasible single-stage designs could be achieved if the turbine is designed with a high loading coefficient and low flow coefficient. Moreover, a turbine with the lowest degree of reaction, over a specified range from 0 to 0.5, was found to achieve the highest efficiency and highest inlet rotor angles.


Kevin Conrad's now iconic statement at the eleventh hour of the UN climate change negotiations in Bali in 2007 epitomized the frustration felt by friends and opponents alike about the United States' reluctance during the Bush administration to throw its weight behind multilateral solutions to tackle environmental challenges. Until the final days of the Bush administration, the US policy on climate change went against the grain of most of its allies in the international community during the previous decade,1 and the United States was described as the 'rogue state' in global green politics.2 The conflicting range of domestic interests and fractured agendas that have driven its policies on energy security and climate mitigation are also well documented.3 Climate change and all the associated resource challenges (in energy, food, water and land use) highlight the nature of interdependencies among states and peoples. The bulk of climate change impacts may need to be managed domestically. But environmental changes such as land degradation, water reductions, shifting agricultural zones, together with extreme weather events, will produce social stresses with effects far beyond national borders. The implications of dangerous climate change for security and political stability are increasingly recognized by the foreign policy and defence communities in the United States. A 2007 report by the Center for Naval Analysis stated that climate change can become 'a threat multiplier for instability in some of the most volatile regions of the world, and it presents significant national security challenges for the United States'.4 In 2008, the National Intelligence Council (NIC) completed a new classified assessment that explores how climate


The risk of Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura in Pinus radiata was analyzed with the quantitative evaluation method. The result showed that the insect was a moderate dangerous forest pest with the following characters: heavy damage,wide living and host range,high survival rate,rapid spread and so on. It was a great threat to forestation in dry river valleies in the upper Minjiang area.Some countermeasures should be taken to control it.


Benchmarking information, like any other type of information, is not useful if you can't take an action. If, for example, all you know is that your company's forecasting error is higher than that of other companies, this, by itself, won't help you improve your own, unless you can identify why this holds and what to do about it. Once you get your hands on benchmarking data from other companies, I'd recommend the following course of action to get the most out of it. Collect the same type of information for your company in order to compare your company's performance against those of others: While this may sound straightforward, it is not. You need to understand exactly what benchmarking data you are looking at. For example, regarding forecast error: * How is error defined? Is it the commonly used Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE) or something else? * Is it based on weekly or monthly forecasts? * Is it based on forecasts generated one week or one month in advance? * Is the forecast error based on errors at the item, at the brand, or at the product category/group level? Compare the information gathered from your company to the benchmarking data and identify significant gaps: This involves assessing whether each difference or gap in the data is potentially a significant positive, negative, or neutral statement about your company's performance. For forecasting errors this is easy, since lower forecast error is better. However, for benchmarking data on the number of analysts in a forecasting group, it is not so obvious. If your company has more forecasting analysts than the benchmarking data show, does that mean it is less productive? Or does it mean your company is doing a better job in applying the right resources to the forecasting process, while other companies are not doing enough? In addition, an important consideration to keep in mind when assessing whether a gap is significant is its relative size. Small differences should not be considered significant, since benchmarking data are rarely precise. Once again taking the forecasting error metric as an example, the difference between 30% and 33% is probably not a significant difference, given the variability of this metric over time. Determine what to do about each significant gap identified: While most companies focus on the negative gaps, much can be learned also by analyzing the positive and neutral gaps. In the end, the analysis should result in set of initiatives and a priority plan for which gaps should be addressed first and how. My company recommends categorizing gaps into three groups: a) negative gaps requiring Immediate Focus, b) negative and neutral gaps that should follow a Raise the Bar approach, and c) neutral and some positive gaps that should fall into a Monitor and Revisit policy. Examining each of the gaps in the following way will yield this type of priority plan and corresponding initiatives: * Positive Gaps: These are usually good news for your company because they show it is performing better than its peer group. Most look at these gaps with pride, forgetting to assess whether they makes sense. For example, you should always ask yourself what is my company doing that is enabling it to perform so well? If you can't figure that out, you haven't learned anything from the benchmarking data. If you can figure out what actions are causing positive gaps, then you can make sure that your company continues to do them. Generally, in benchmarking terms positive gaps are good news, but if something can't be explained, then your company should view those as neutral gaps and continue to Monitor and Revisit them overtime. Negative Gaps: These are usually bad news for your company since they show it might not be performing well. As with positive gaps, it is important to figure out why this is the case and whether or not you want to do anything about them. The first thing to look at is what are those other companies doing that is causing them to perform better? …


This paper introduces fundamental theory of Canny operator in details,and provides experimentally its specific arith metic process.Based on three rule ofbest edge detection operato Canny brings forward this operator.


BACKGROUND The heart is a pair of valved muscular pumps combined in a single organ. For the proper functioning of the heart, all valves should be intact. Mitral valve (MV) prolapse and regurgitation is the main cause of MV replacement. The dimensions of mitral valve and the cusps vary from person to person. We wanted to measure the average size of the valve components with respect to the annulus in the cadavers of South Odisha region, which would help in the selection of prosthetic valve in cardiac surgery. METHODS This comparative study was carried out on 58 adult cadaveric human hearts. Left atrium was opened along the left border of heart so as to expose the mitral orifice. Parameters of different components ofthe valve were measured by using appropriate instruments. RESULTS The mean annular circumference of the mitral valve was found to be 8.84 ± 1.24 cm; The annular attachment and height of anterior cusp were 2.94 ± .81 cm and 2.55 ± 0.27 cm respectively. The annular attachment and height of posterior cusp were 4.52 ± 0.78 cm and 1.2 ± 0.17 respectively. The annular area was found to be 5.22 ± 1.13 cm2. The combined cusp area was found to be 9.38 ± 2.32 cm. CONCLUSIONS The size of mitral valve parameters in the South Odisha region were found to be less compared to other studies. This study might help cardio-thoracic surgeons as well as the prosthetic valve manufacturing companies for the rough estimation of the mitral valve size. KEY WORDS Mitral Valve, Anterior Cusp, Posterior Cusp, Annular Circumference, Annular Valve Area and Combined Cusp Area


The physical and chemical characteristics of a forest soil suppressive to P. cinnamomi are compared with those of other, previously described, suppressive soils. Recovery of P. cinnamomi chlamydospores from the suppressive soil was reduced to 51% of recovery from condilcive soil when the chlamydospores were mixed through the soil immediately prior to sampling. The subsequent recovery rate decreased more rapidly in the suppressive soil than in the conducive soil. Germination of chlamydospores by the formation of a terminal sporangium and zoospores was inhibited in the suppressive soil. Degeneration of mycelium was more rapid in the suppressive than in the conducive soil. Glasshouse tests showed infection of seedlings growing in the suppressive soil could occur when a zoospore inoculum was used. Infection was greatly reduced when a chlamydospore inoculum was used. Field trials in Tallaganda State Forest, N.S.W., indicated that P. cinnamomi introduced into this habitat rarely caused infection and was unlikely to spread.


Photovoltaic (PV) power generation has shown a trend towards large-scale medium- or high-voltage integration in recent years. The development of high-frequency link PV systems is necessary for the further improvement of system efficiency and the reduction of system cost. In the system, high-frequency high-step-up ratio LLC converters are one of the most important parts. However, the parasitic parameters of devices lead to a loss of zero-voltage switching (ZVS) in the LLC converter, greatly reducing the efficiency of the system, especially in such a high-frequency application. In this paper, a high-frequency link 35 kV PV system is presented. To suppress the influences of parasitic parameters in the LLC converter in the 35 kV PV system, the influence of parasitic parameters on ZVS is analyzed and expounded. Then, a suppression method is proposed to promote the realization of ZVS. This method adds a saturable inductor on the secondary side to achieve ZVS. The saturable inductor can effectively prevent the parasitic elements of the secondary side from participating in the resonance of the primary side. The experimental results show that this method achieves a higher efficiency than the traditional method by reducing the magnetic inductance.


Community-university teams investigated substance use, abuse, and dependence (SUAD) and related concerns, needs, strengths, and resources in four Washington State Tribal communities. A total of 153 key community members shared their perspectives through 43 semi-structured interviews and 19 semi-structured focus groups. Qualitative data analysis revealed robust themes: prescription medications and alcohol were perceived as most prevalent and concerning; family and peer influences and emotional distress were prominent perceived risk factors; and SUAD intervention resources varied across communities. Findings may guide future research and the development of much needed strength-based, culturally appropriate, and effective SUAD interventions for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their communities.


Intense media scrutiny and public backlash stimulate consumers to be conscientious about sustainability issues from the supply chain (SC) perspective. Accordingly, our focus in this article is on joint sustainability issues in a manufacturer-supplier relationship under a contract that possibly shares sustainability-related costs, when there exists a supplier's potentially deficient sustainability effort. We found that the manufacturer may prefer indirect (i.e., paying a higher component price to its supplier) rather than direct support (i.e., increasing its share of a supplier's sustainability expenditures) when consumers are sensitive to the supplier's sustainability. We further found that as consumers' sensitivity to the supplier's sustainability increases, an uncoordinated SC will gradually approach the coordinated SC. We concluded that this happens because the increased sensitivity encourages greater cooperation among SC members. Our findings will help establish a better understanding of the joint sustainability development issue in an SC.


Abstract : The U.S. Air Force Electronic Warfare Evaluation Simulator (AFEWES) is a government-owned, contractor-operated electronic warfare test facility located at Air Force Plant 4, in Fort Worth, Texas. The AFEWES is a Test and Evaluation (T&E) resource of the Air Force Flight Test Center (AFFTC), 412 Electronic Warfare Group (EWG), Edwards Air Force Base, California. AFEWES' mission is to perform effectiveness testing of Department of Defense (DoD) and allied electronic countermeasure techniques to enhance aircraft and aircrew survivability in combat. This paper describes the multi-service and contractor team that successfully defined, designed, developed, tested and implemented state of the art infrared PC based scene generator to be used by DoD. The paper also highlights: Team requirements and low cost solution, Leveraging government owned assets and developing partnerships across DoD.


The civil codes leave on the side the study of intangible assets since at the time of their enactment the importance and value that such assets have currentl...


The normal Raman spectrum (NRS), Fourier transform infrared spectrum (FTIRS) and surface-enhanced Raman spectrum (SERS) of the important insecticide and acaricide fluvalinate (C 26 H 22 ClF 3 N 2 O 3 ) were recorded for the first time. The spectral data are discussed in terms of characteristic chemical group frequencies and bonds. The fingerprint regions of fluvalinate vibrations that are distinct in FTIRS are identified and presented with the different fingerprint frequencies that are only characteristic to NRS. The enhancement of the benzene ring-breathing vibration of fluvalinate in SERS is a useful mode for trace analysis for residues of this pesticide at the subnanogram level. The vibrational spectra and polarization characteristics of NRS frequencies are useful as reference spectra for this pesticide in the qualitative analysis of its residues


Disclosed is a controllable hydraulic packer. A setting liquid inlet is formed in the middle of a central pipe of the packer, the lower end of the central pipe is expanded to form a piston cavity, a sliding sleeve is arranged in the central pipe, and the sliding sleeve is fixed to a lower joint through a shear pin; the upper end of the sliding sleeve is sealed with the central pipe, an upper piston cavity liquid inlet and a lower piston cavity liquid inlet are formed in the middle of the sliding sleeve, a pawl is arranged at the lower end of the sliding sleeve, a shrinking opening is formed in the lower end of the pawl, and the pawl is arranged in a central hole of the upper end of the lower joint; a concentric step hole with the diameter larger than that of the central hole of the lower joint is formed in the middle of the lower joint, and the pawl is arranged above the step hole; the sliding sleeve is sleeved with an inverted-T-shaped tubular piston, a piston head is arranged in a piston cavity, and an extending segment is arranged between the central pipe and the sliding sleeve; the piston head is fixed to the sliding sleeve through the shearing pin, and the area of the lower end of the piston head is larger than the area of the upper end of the piston head. The piston and the sliding sleeve are arranged in the central pipe, setting and unsetting of the packer are controlled, and controllability of setting and unsetting actions of the packer in oil and gas exploitation work can be met.


Abstract : This project focuses on developing methods to estimate climate statistics at high resolution in data sparse and data rich locations. The method, given the name CLIMOD, is based on the use of a numerical-dynamical atmospheric model executed in data assimilation mode to generate a ten year sample of simulated data from which climatological statistics are computed. The major objectives of the project are to: (1) demonstrate the robustness and general applicability of the method; (2) refine the CLIMOD technique to optimally blend available observations and numerically simulated climate data; (3) extend the method to complex derived climate variables; and (4) construct an integrated software package that can be used anywhere in the world. The work during this first year included: (1) the development of a method to optimally blend the available observations and model generated data into a seamless regional climatology; (2) development of a method to objectively assess the quality of the simulated climate statistics in both data rich and data sparse regions; and (3) the generation of three-dimensional simulated climate statistics for all seasons of the year over a 10-year period for two different regions of the world: Korea and the Middle East.


(57) Abstract: copolymers containing N- acylated derivatives, and compositions comprising said copolymer and a polypeptide, said polypeptide comprises at least one active inorganic amines, said composition wherein at least 50 weight percent of said polypeptide present in, said polymer and has ionic binding.


The invention relates to a wok-shell (1a, 1b, 1c) of special glass or glass ceramic having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, having a bottom portion (2), a lateral wall (3) and a rim (4). Such stir-shell (1a, 1b, 1c) is to be improved in terms of their functional characteristics and be inexpensive to manufacture. According to the invention it is proposed that the wok-shell (1a, 1b, 1c) at its edge (4) at least one defined, circulating essentially, substantially flat, formed during the production end face (5, 5a, 5b) produced by molding and / or a trained with profiling and / or a bottom portion during manufacture (2) with an increased compared to the lateral wall (3) material thickness.


been stymied by a wave of political opposition. Critics argue that giving these treaties the force of domestic law would be inconsistent with constitutional values like sovereignty, democracy, federalism, and separation of powers. This Note analyzes these four critiques and demonstrates that the values critics seek to protect are not jeopardized by the extraterritorial application of treaty-based rights or the domestic enforcement of treaties that guarantee rights specific to aliens. With that discovery in mind, this Note proposes to incorporate such treaties into U.S. law in a way that both affirms constitutional values and promotes the rule of law in foreign affairs. A U T H O R. J.D. Yale Law School, 2007; A.M. Harvard University, 2000; B.A. Yale University, 1998. The author wishes to thank Paul Kahn, Bruce Ackerman, Oona Hathaway, Murad Hussain, Harold Koh, Reva Siegel, and her editor, Saumya Manohar, for their valuable input and support at various stages of this project.


Business relationship between Japan and Malaysia has developed very quickly in recent years. This has caused a dramatic increase in the need for individuals who possess language skills to function in Japanese businesses. In order to investigate the needs of our Malaysian graduates, a survey was conducted involving graduates of Japanese language minor program from a public university in Malaysia. The aims of the survey were to get an overall understanding of (1) the use of Japanese language at workplace where the Japanese language minor program's graduates are employed; (2) identify problems faced in language use and in terms of Japanese business practices in workplace. The results indicated that the graduates use Japanese language to communicate with the employees of their workplace compared to outsiders.  The findings also highlight that Japanese language listening and speaking skills are the most important skills needed by the graduates for their workplace success compared to reading and writing. Keyword : Japanese Companies, Business Japanese, Japanese Business Practices


With close to native performance, Linux containers are becoming the de facto platform for cloud computing. While various solutions have been proposed to secure applications and containers in the cloud environment by leveraging Intel SGX, most cloud operators do not yet offer SGX as a service. This is likely due to a number of security, scalability, and usability concerns coming from both cloud providers and users. Cloud operators worry about the security guarantees of unofficial SDKs, limited support for remote attestation within containers, limited physical memory for the Enclave Page Cache (EPC) making it difficult to support hundreds of enclaves, and potential DoS attacks against EPC by malicious users. Meanwhile, end users need to worry about careful program partitioning to reduce the TCB and adapting legacy applications to use SGX. We note that most of these concerns are the result of an incomplete infrastructure, from the OS to the application layer. We address these concerns with lxcsgx, which allows SGX applications to run inside containers while also: enabling SGX remote attestation for containerized applications, enforcing EPC memory usage control on a per-container basis, providing a general software TPM using SGX to augment legacy applications, and supporting partitioning with a GCC plugin. We then retrofit Nginx/OpenSSL and Memcached using the software TPM and SGX partitioning to defend against known and potential attacks. Thanks to the small EPC footprint of each enclave, we are able to run up to 100 containerized Memcached instances without EPC swapping. Our evaluation shows the overhead introduced by lxcsgx is less than 6.9% for simple SGX applications, 9.5% for Nginx/OpenSSL, and 20.9% for containerized Memcached.


Electronic voting has been an active research area since two decades, which involves using information systems and cryptographic schemes in order to reduce costs and human mistakes as well as increase process speed, without discard its security. In the literature there exist some proposals,


Human numbers have now become large enough and human activities of such scale that Homo sapiens must now be recognized as the major factor threatening the integrity of the global ecosystem. While much of this increasing human impact has thus far been an unintended byproduct of the industrial revolution, new innovations in biotechnology promise to expand human impacts on nature in a much more direct manner.


Machining processes are among the most common manufacturing processes for producing components used on a daily basis. It is a complex material removal process. Today, the research and development within the manufacturing industry is addressed by cost efficient numerical simulation strategies rather than by costly experimental procedures. The numerical simulation tools must then be able to model material subjected to inelastic deformations at high strain-rates and elevated temperatures and use reliable and well defined models for ductile material behavior and fracture. The development of the modeling strategy, for the ductile material and fracture response herein, is embedded in a continuum thermodynamics framework. The Johnson-Cook constitutive model is applied for the effective visco-plastic material response. The ductile fracture behavior, is modelled by a continuum damage enhanced material formulation where an inelastic damage threshold is followed by a damage evolution law. A set of smeared damage evolution models are proposed, which are shown to give mesh independent results for quasi-static and isothermal conditions. In addition, for more general situations, an alternative continuum progressive ductile damage model coupled to thermodynamics is formulated, where the damage induced fracture area production is based on a progression speed and a length-scale parameter. The damage evolution is then governed by a damage driving energy which, defined from the dissipation rate, consists of both elastic and inelastic contributions. In this way, the model is able to represent the ductile fracture process in a thermodynamically consistent way at high strain-rates and elevated temperatures, while partly preserving the mesh independent response. Moreover, the ability of the model to capture the material and fracture response at various states of stress triaxiality is investigated and results are compared with experiments. The damage model is shown to be able to capture the fracture response with the appropriate formulation of the damage driving energy including at least the inelastic part. Finally, the continuum progressive ductile damage model is applied in a rigid visco-plastic context for the simulation of the orthogonal machining process. Here, simulation results for the difficult-to-cut material Alloy 718 are compared with experimentally determined forces, tool-chip contact-lengths and chip shapes at varying cutting speeds. Even though the proposed damage model consists of few parameters it is able to represent the cutting parameters considered in good agreement with experiments.


This paper presents a complete derivation of brushless doubly fed reluctance machine (BDFRM) model in ABC reference frame using winding function theory. Extensive numerical simulations are conducted, using MATLAB/SIMULINK software, to investigate the BDFRM model capabilities under different operating modes. Keywords—Brushless Doubly Fed Reluctance Machine (BDFRM), Modeling, Winding Function Theory, ABC reference frame, fail-safe mode of operation. I. INTRODUCTION BDFRM is one of the new trends in partial variable speed wind turbine generators offering more advantages due to absences of brushes which improves it reliability making it more attractive specially for offshore wind applications. In addition to its "fail-safe" mode of operation which enables its robust operation in spite of the failure on its inverter or secondary stator. BDFRM has also reluctance rotor design which makes its rotor easier in manufacturing with less mechanical stresses in addition to absence of copper losses on rotor. On the other hands; the main drawbacks of BDFRM are the larger machine size due to its low torque to volume ratio, complex rotor design and complex controllability [1] BDFRM has two standard 3-phase windings on its stator. One connected directly to the grid and called the primary or power winding and the other is indirectly connected to the grid through back to back converter and is called the secondary or control winding. The rotor is salient pole reluctance rotor with no windings and its shaft is coupled to the wind turbine through a step-up gearbox. Fig.1 show the detailed construction of BDFRM. Number of poles of primary winding, secondary winding, and salient rotor must not be the same in order to produce useful torque. Also, primary winding is supplied by grid frequency while secondary winding is supplied by slip frequency. Construction and operation details will be handled in details through this paper. Due to existence of two frequencies, the most commonly modeling technique used for this machine is park's d-q model using two arbitrary rotating reference frames and . The first one is for primary winding quantities and the other one is for secondary winding quantities. Where, is any arbitrary rotating speed, while is rotor speed [2-9]. This modeling technique is suitable for Fig.1. Detailed construction of BDFRM International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 04, Issue 11; November 2018 [ISSN: 2455-1457] @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 27 machine control purpose as it eliminates the dependence of inductances on rotor position and simplifies modeling calculations. However, in some cases the need for more detailed modeling techniques is required to model some special studies (e.g. study of winding inter-turn short circuit effects on machine performance). This paper will present a guide on how to build a detailed model for BDFRM in ABC reference frame utilizing winding function theory for inductance calculations. II. BDFRM TRANSIENT MODEL USING ABC REFERENCE FRAME The model is built considering that both primary and secondary windings are consisting of multiple inductive circuits coupled together, and current in each circuit is considered as an independent variable. The analysis is based on the following assumptions [10]: The iron of the machine will be assumed to have infinite permeability (μ = ∞ ). The stator windings of the machine will be assumed to be adequately modeled as spatially sinusoidal distributed windings. p = p + q, where p is number of rotor poles, p, q are number of pole pairs of primary and secondary windings respectively. The air gap of the machine will be modelled using a sinusoidal air gap function as below [10]: g θ, θ = m + n cos p θ θ (1) Where, θ is the mechanical angle around the machine with respect to phase A, θ is the rotor mechanical angle with respect to phase A, m, n are constants so, m > > 0 and: g =  , g = ! (2) or m = #$%&!#$'( )#$%&#$'( , n = #$%& #$'( )#$%&#$'( (3) Where, g and g are minimum and max air gap length between rotor and stator respectively. 2.1. BDFRM voltage equations The stator comprises two 3 phase windings as shown in Fig.1 which can be represented by: ,-. = ,/.,0. + 1 12 ,3. (4) And, ,-. = ,-4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9.: (5) ,0. = ,04 05 06 07 08 09.: (6) ,3. = ,34 35 36 37 38 39.: (7) ,/. = ;< << <= >4 0 0 0 0 0 0 >5 0 0 0 0 0 0 >6 0 0 0 0 0 0 >7 0 0 0 0 0 0 >8 0 0 0 0 0 0 >9?@ @@ @A (8) Where, -4 , -5 , -6 , -7 , -8 , -9 are primary and secondary winding voltages respectively, 04 , 05 , 06 , 07 , 08 , 09 are primary and secondary winding currents respectively, 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 are primary and secondary winding flux linkages respectively and can be calculated as follow: ,3. = B ,CD. ,CDE. ,CED. ,CE. F ,0. (10) And, ,CD. = GC44 + CH4 C45 C46 C54 C55 + CH5 C56 C64 C65 C66 + CH6I (11) ,CE. = GC77 + CH7 C78 C79 C87 C88 + CH8 C89 C97 C98 C99 + CH9I (12) International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 04, Issue 11; November 2018 [ISSN: 2455-1457] @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 28 ,CDE. = GC47 C48 C49 C57 C58 C59 C67 C68 C69I (13) ,CED. = GC74 C84 C94 C75 C85 C95 C76 C86 C96 I (14) Where ,CD. is primary winding inductance matrix, ,CE. is secondary winding inductance matrix, and ,CDE. is mutual inductance matrix between primary and secondary winding, CJJKre winding selfinductances, CHJ are winding leakage inductances, CJL are mutual inductances between phases, 0, M = ,N, O, P, K, Q, R., K S0 ≠ M. 2.2. Inductance Calculations using Winding Function Theory According to winding function theory; inductance of winding "i" and winding "j" can be calculated as [10]: CJL = UV>W X Y Z, Z [ \J Z, Z [ \L Z, Z [ SZ )] ^ (15) Where UVis the permeability of free space, > is the effective radius of the machine, W is the length of the machine, \J Z, Z [ is the winding function of winding 0, \L Z, Z [ is the winding function of winding M. For sinusoidal distributed stator windings; both winding function of primary and secondary windings can be written as: \4 Z, Z [ = _ cos `Z (16) \5 Z, Z [ = _ cos a`Z )] b c (17) \6 Z, Z [ = _ cos `Z + )] b (18) \7 Z, Z [ = d cos eZ (19) \8 Z, Z [ = d cos aeZ )] b c (20) \9 Z, Z [ = d cos eZ + )] b (21) Where, _, d are half of effective number of turns of primary and secondary windings respectively and equal to fg × , fg is winding factor and is number of actual number of turns. Using (1), (15), and (16 to 21); Inductances formulas for BDFRM can be obtained as below: C44 = C55 = C66 = C[_ (22) C77 = C88 = C99 = C[d (23) C45 = C46 = C56 = C54 = C64 = C65 = ) C[_ (24) C78 = C79 = C89 = C87 = C98 = C89 = ) C[d (25) C47 = C74 = C_d[7i cos ` Z [ (26) C59 = C95 = C_d[7i cos ` Z [ (27) C68 = C86 = C_d[7i cos ` Z [ (28) C58 = C85 = C_d[7i cos a` Z [ + )] b c (29) C49 = C94 = C_d[7i cos a` Z [ + )] b c (30) C67 = C76 = C_d[7i cos a` Z [ + )] b c (31) C69 = C96 = C_d[7i cos a` Z [ )] b c (32) C48 = C84 = C_d[7i cos a` Z [ )] b c (33) C57 = C75 = C_d[7i cos a` Z [ )] b c (34) International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 04, Issue 11; November 2018 [ISSN: 2455-1457] @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 29 Where C[_ = UV>W _)jk, C[d = UV>W d)jk, and C_d[7i = 0.5 k>W _ d . From (13), (14), (26)-34) it found ,CDE. and ,CED. are identical. From (22) to (25); both ,CD. and ,CE. contains constants. From (4) and (11): ,-. = ,/.,0. + B ,CD. ,CDE. ,CED. ,CE. F n1J 12o + B 0 ,CDE. ,CED. 0 F ,0. (35) 2.3. Electromagnetic Torque Equation From energy conversion principles; the electromechanical torque can be calculated from [12]: pq[ = ` r0_s: n1tuv 1wx o ,0d. (36) Assuming idle sinusoidal primary and secondary currents, the general form for primary and secondary currents are: 0_ = y_ sin{ _| }~ (37) 0d = yd sin d|  (38) Where y_ and yd are primary and secondary current magnitudes, } and  are primary and secondary currents phase angles. From (26 to 34); the general form of primary to secondary mutual inductance is C_d = C_d[7i cos ` Z [ € (39) Where € is constant and equals to 0 or ± )] b . Substitute from (37), (38), and (39) in to (36); it can be proved that useful torque will be produced from BDFRM only if: = _ + d (40) Where is rotor electrical angular speed, _ and d are primary and secondary angular frequencies respectively. As primary winding is directly connected to the grid, _ is constants and depends only grid frequency. Thus d must be controlled with the help of rotor speed feedback according to equation (40). 2.4. Electromechanical Equation The rotor mechanical equation can be written as: pq[ = ' 1ƒx" 12 + … [ + pt (41) Where ' is rotor moment of inertia, [ is rotor mechanical angular speed, … is friction coefficient, and pt is the load torque. III. SIMULATION RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Simulation study using MATLAB/SIMULINK is performed for 1.5KW BDFRM with parameter shown in table 1 as follow: Table 1. BDFRG Prototype Parameters and Ratings Rotor inertia ' 0.1 fY · j2 Mutual inductance {C_d[7i~ 0.2267 ‹ Friction coefficient … Zero (ignored) Rotor poles ` 4 Primary resistance {/_~ 11.1  Primary power {Ž_~ 1.5 f Secondary resistance /d 13.5  Stator currents {y_d~ 2.5 N >j' Primary winding self-inductance {C[_~ 0.2706 ‹ Stator voltage {-_d~ 400 ' >j' Primary winding leakage inductance {CH_~ 0.0041 H Stator frequency {"_~ 50 ‹" Secondary self-inductance C[d 0.3762 ‹ Winding connections •/• Secondary winding leakage inductance CHd 0.0057 H Stator poles `/e 6/2 The simulation is done for no-load and full load of 19Nm under different mode of operations to check model capabilities. International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering & Research (IJRTER) Volume 04, Issue 11; November 2018 [ISSN: 2455-1457] @IJRTER-2017, All Rights Reserved 30 Fig.5. BDFRM rotor speed and torque during "failsafe" mode of operation (Induction machine mode) 3.1. Starting of BDFRM To avoid inverter overloading during starting of the machine [2,3,8,9]; BDFRM is started as an induction ma


Andalusian literature rose a great revival , it was aided by political progress, social superiority , and cultural advancement, the first thing to note about literary life, appearance of a new generation of real Andalusian poets is a birthplace , a origin and a culture, and notes that work is not limited to the people but the participation of rules in it as well and the saying of Arabic poetry was not limited to the Muslims of Andalusia rather , it was also said by Arabised Christians ,poets were worthy of study , and I studied their most prominent poems and I studied their poetic trends and their progress or development, the prosperity of familiar species and the abundance of literary output , its fertility and diversity, the common occurrence of poerty among Andalusians made it one of the most prominent features of the Andalusian civilization at the time. Key word: poets, Andalus, Arabs, Civilization .


The current zoo of Emmen will move to a new location in 2015, so plans are being made to realize a new park that will be highly sustainable. In this graduation project a vision was created on how the 'material flows' in the park can become as sustainable as possible. This vision was used to generate product ideas for the new park. Finally three ideas have been worked out into prototypes; 'Dierbaar furniture', a lively entry ticket and the 'Trash to Treasure Tree'. Basis material for all three ideas is fibre from hippo dung. The 'Dierbaar' furniture was evaluated using the Eco-cost / Value Ratio and the product turned out to have negative eco-cost, which makes it a very sustainable product.


This paper describes the guidance of human being using two vibration motors. A human has the two vibration motors with eccentric weight in both hands. He/she turns right when the motor in the right hand vibrates and the motor in the left hand rests. Similarly, he/she turns left when the motor in the left hand vibrates and the motor in the right hand rests. For showing the effectiveness of the proposed method, the control method of the vibration motors is considered. Firstly, the rotational response of the human from the command signal of the vibration motor is investigated when he/she turns right or left with stamping his/her feet. The results show that the human can follow the rotational command of 1.3Hz. Next, the rotational response with walking is investigated. It is shown that the rotational velocity of the human becomes high when the walking speed is high. Moreover, a peak is observed at 1.3Hz in the frequency response. Finally, the rotational characteristics of the human from the command signal of the vibration motor is modeled as ARX (Auto-Regressive eXogeneous) model and a P controller for making the human turn to a target direction is designed using a root locus. The effectiveness of the control method is shown by simulations and experiments.


This Guide was developed through extensive consultation with schools, community groups, health professionals and suppliers who are currently involved in providing food in school. Research was also conducted on approaches in Northern Ireland and in other countries. Finally, we consulted with Government and social partner stakeholders at national level to get their views as to the main issues to be addressed.


Objective:To develop an method for determination of hydroxysafflor yellow A in Xinkening capsules.Methods:The HPLC analysis was performed on Kromasil C18 column(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μL) with mobile phase of CH3OH-CH3CN-0.5% H3PO4 water solution(V∶V∶V=26∶2∶72),the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1,the detection wavelength was at 403 nm and the column temperature was 25℃.Results:The Hydroxysafflor yellow A of recursive equation was:y=248478 x+149,R=0.9999(n=6).The linearrange of hydroxysafflor yellow A was 12.52~137.72 μg.mL-1,and the average recovery was 99.08% with RSD=1.13%.Conclusion:This method is practicable,convenient,precise and reliable.It can control the quality of xinkening capsule effectively.


A novel magnetically recoverable catalyst was prepared in which magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were functionalized by bis-imidazolium tungstate ionic liquid molecules. The resulting catalyst was highly dispersible in water and selectively oxidized a wide range of alcohols and sulfides using H2O2 as a green oxidant. The catalyst was easily recovered and reused at least 5 times under the described reaction conditions without any significant loss of reactivity.


Increased heart rate is an independ- ent risk factor for patients with cardiovascular disease, in particular those with arterial hypertension, myocardial infarction, coronary artery disease, heart failure, and extracardiac comorbidities like microalbuminuria. This relation is supported by a large number of animal studies as well as clinical trials, which are summarized in this article. These studies demonstrate the detrimental effects of increased heart rate on the structure and function of the cardiovascular system. Heart rate can be easily measured during physical examination of the patient, therefore allowing us to make a simple assessment of the prognosis and efficiency of therapy. Thus heart rate, which can selec- tively be reduced by I f channel in- hibition, seems to be a therapeutic target in cardiology.


A method of managing personal information system, including a host server, the database management system to the user's personal information, comprising: a database storing unit for storing a database; read permission verification unit, and grants access to the host server reads the user's personal data authority; data editing unit, the editing data including the user's own personal information including; code-granting means to grant access to the host server to the other user identification code; information requesting unit, and requests the personal information to select the other party of the other; and the control unit information, downloading information requesting unit of the other party selected by the other personal information and personal information management download.


BIS5A_1300_5(IBIS5A)is IBIS series solid state CMOS image sensor of FILLFACTORY,Which with the offset and gain amplifier,A/D convertor and control interface on-chip.The total pixels is 1280 ×1024,Two work mode.The maximum pixel rate is 40MHz,Full frame readout time is 36 ms(max 27.5 fps).The control scheduling of IBIS5A is generated by complex programble logic device-XC95144,whitch can be realtime modified by JTAG interface.The video signals generated by the cmos sensor need to be long-distance send,to avoid attenuation of the signals,This design use LVDS to communicate with host computer.


At present,our country has entered the crucial period of social transformation and development,the demands of environmental protection as the main social group incidents occurred frequently,especially the NIMBY conflict problem in civil as opposed to a negative external effect of NIMBY facilities location and construction is most serious. On the surface,NIMBY conflict was derived from adjacent effects from the facility itself negative externalities,such as the cost of income distribution was not balanced,and the conformity psychology,the global environmental protection consciousness of themasses of ascension,and the development of the political democratization factors,for example the result of the interaction. In the deep level,the government decision-making mechanism is not perfect,and they are lack of social credibility and the development concept of factor biased,which caused the kept growing of problem.


In some ways at least the story of the Wisconsin Swiss and their cheese has been an oft-told tale, though not without some facile miscomprehensions in the telling. As Trewartha rightly affirmed,1 the popular notion that Swiss settlers sought a region like their homeland and promptly launched their traditional industry in an exceptionally favorable environment is at least a foreshortening of the facts, though it does contain some elements of truth. The trail of "Swissconsin


Similarities in the verification aims of the monitoring regimes of the future Organization for the Prohibition of chemical Weapons (OPCW) and of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), make their general data requirements similar: data are needed for planning inspections, for evaluating inspections, and for preparation of reports on compliance with the relevant treaty In this paper we discuss the legal, procedural and administrative structure behind the data system associated with IAEA safeguards, and, after comparing this to the CWC regime, suggest possible improvements for consideration during the development of national implementation programs and of the declaration and inspection data management system for the OPCW.


Objective To study the effects of Xueshuantong injection(lyophilized, main component of Panax Notoginsenosidum, total content of 95%) on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate(ADP), arachidonic acid(AA), and platelet-activating factor(PAF) in rabbits. Methods Using the Born method, the platelet aggregation induced by ADP, AA, and PAF was detected. ResultsCompared with the control group, Xueshuantong injection(7.2 and 14.4 mg/mL) could significantly inhibit the platelet aggregation rate induced by ADP, AA, and PAF(P 0.01), Xueshuantong injection(3.6 mg/mL) could significantly inhibit the platelet aggregation rate induced by ADP(P 0.01). Conclusion Xueshuantong injection could inhibit the in vitro platelet aggregation of rabbits.


If preceding and subsequent actions,though accord with two constitutions of crime differently,invade same interest,only the preceding action should be punished in terms of the principle of double jeopardy.It is the non-punishable subsequent action.We can distinguish it from other theories of crime number by action and interest.


n important first step in the workup of a patient with a palpable testicular mass is sonography, considered by some to be an extension of the physical examination.1 Sonographic accuracy in the determination of intratesticular versus extratesticular masses has been reported as high as 99%.2 This distinction is important because most intratesticular masses prove to be malignant.3 Benign causes of intratesticular masses include hematoma, orchitis, torsion, infarction, and abscesses.4 The case presented had an unusual cause of an intratesticular mass.


"¡Quiere sacar a todos los suramericanos! Quiere quedarse con solo los blancos,"1 shouted second grader Salvador2 to his classmate Victor. They were supposed to be reading Click, Clack, Moo: Cows That Type by Doreen Cronin, but somehow the conversation had turned to the then presidential candidate for the Republican Party, Donald Trump. That was how Trump and his rhetoric entered our dual language classroom.


The number and quality of smartphones on the market has dramatically raised lately. Researchers and developers are, thus, more and more pushed to bring algorithms and techniques from desktop environments to mobile platforms. One of the biggest constraints in mobile applications is the fine control of computing power and the relative power consumption. Although smartphones' manufactures are offering better computing performance and longer battery life, the mobile architecture is not always powerful enough. Furthermore, nowadays, the touchless interaction (e.g., the usage of voice commands) on mobile devices is particularly attractive. The device can also possibly answer to our questions (e.g., Siri-Speech Interpretation and Recognition Interface, which according to Apple is "the intelligent personal assistant that helps you get things done just by asking"). The use of talking avatars can improve the quality of the interaction and make it more useful and pleasant. Since avatars are static models, but the interaction requires dynamics, it is almost obliged to introduce avatars' animations.


With the requirement for more protons per hour from Booster, the radiation is a limiting factor. The most important periods in a Booster accelerating cycle are injection and transition crossing. The laser notching H{sup -} beam at the Booster injection RF frequency can make a bucket-to-bucket transfer from Linac to Booster possible, and this should remove most of the capture loss at injection and the early beam loss in the cycle. Besides that, the variation of the laser pulse length can change the notch length of the H{sup -} beam such that the bucket area filled by the beam can be controlled, and this can be applied to control the longitudinal emittance of the Booster beam.


In the last 20 years, seven different Phytophthora species (P. cambivora, P. hibernalis, P. citrophthora, P. capsici, P. cactorum, P. drechsleri and P. infestans) have been determined in Turkey on chestnut, citrus, pepper, strawberry, melon, and potato respectively. Two of them, P. citrophthora and P. capsici, which attack citrus and pepper, are very destructive and have the greatest economic importance. P. citrophthora has caused approximately 15% fruit losses every year and 8–30% infection on a susceptible lemon cultivar in Cukurova region. P. capsici is very dangerous for pepper-spice and pepper-paste production because it causes up to 100% drying and killing of pepper plants under conditions of poor drainage and incorrect irrigation practices. P. cambiuora, which causes the ink disease of chestnut, has spread from the Black Sea coast to the Mediterranean; about 20 000 chestnut trees have been killed by this organism from 1952 to 1970. Recently, P. infestans on potato is achieving importance, as the potato area increases. The other species of Phytophthora do not have any economic importance and only first records have been noted.


This paper proposes two algorithms that are based on a subgradient and an inertial scheme with the explicit iterative method for solving pseudomonotone equilibrium problems. The weak convergence of both algorithms is well-established under standard assumptions on the cost bifunction. The advantage of these algorithms is that they did not require any line search procedure or any knowledge about bifunction Lipschitz-type constants for step-size evaluation. A practical explanation of this is that they use a sequence of step-size that are revised at each iteration based on some previous iteration. For a numerical experiment, we consider a well-known Nash-Cournot equilibrium model of electricity markets and also other test problems to assist the well-established convergence results and be able to see that our proposed algorithms have a competitive advantage over the time of execution and the number of iterations.


The average weight of the heart in mature babies dying after asphyxiation at birth was greater than in controls matched for birth weight. Diagnosis at necropsy included cardiac hypertrophy of both ventricles in several instances.
 There was a tendency for heart weight to increase beyond that expected for birth weight, the longer the baby survived. This indicated developing hypertrophy, because there is normally little change in the first month.
 The observation is discussed in the light of other evidence implicating failure of the left ventricle as an early event in babies who become ill after undue asphyxia at birth.