This paper offers a conceptual framework on cluster concept, focusing on advantages and disadvantages of a cluster – based economic development. For many people, the evidence on the economic benefits of clusters shows that we should focus on policies that create or support clusters. But it is very important to understand that there are possible disadvantages related to clusters and a cluster - based development policy should focus on the advantages and disadvantages in the same time.


genesis. Annu Rev Biochem 59:355–394. 4. White RH. 2001. Biosynthesis of the methanogenic cofactors. Vitam Horm 61:299–337. 5. White RH. 1997. Purine biosynthesis in the domain Archaea without folates or modified folates. J Bacteriol 179:3374–3377. 6. Berry S. 2002. The chemical basis of membrane bioenergetics. J Mol Evol 54:595–613. 7. Schäfer G, Engelhard M, Müller V. 1999. Bioenergetics of the Archaea. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 63:570–620. 8. Mukund S, Adams MW. 1991. The novel tungsten-iron-sulfur protein of the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus furiosus, is an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Evidence for its participation in a unique glycolytic pathway. J Biol Chem 266:14208–14216. 9. Selig M, Xavier KB, Santos H, Schönheit P. 1997. Comparative analysis of the Embden-Meyerhof and Entner-Doudoroff glycolytic pathways in hyperthermophilic archaea and the bacterium Thermotoga. Arch Microbiol 167:217–232. 10. Ronimus RS, Morgan HW. 2003. Distribution and phylogenies of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway from archaea and hyperthermophilic bacteria support a gluconeogenic origin of metabolism. Archaea 1:199– 221. 11. Martin W, Russell M. 2003. On the origins of cells: a hypothesis for the evolutionary transitions from abiotic geochemistry to chemoautotrophic prokaryotes, and from prokaryotes to nucleated cells. Phil Trans Roy Soc Lond B 358:59–85. 12. Müller M. 2003. Energy metabolism. Part I: Anaerobic protozoa. In: Marr J, editor.Molecular Medical Parasitology. London: Academic Press; pp 125–139. 13. Martin W. 1996. Is something wrong with the tree of life? BioEssays 18:523–527. 14. Huber H, Hohn MJ, Rachel R, Fuchs T, Wimmer VC, et al. 2002. A new phylum of Archaea represented by a nanosized hyperthermophilic symbiont. Nature 417:63–67.


We have successfully produced emulsion droplets on a chip with size-control and on-demand droplet generation by using magnetically driven microtool (MMT) which has a parallel plate structure to be constrained in translational motion. With a lateral motion of MMT in microchannels, the continuous phase can be cut into different size of droplets and the dispersed phase flow can inflow into the microchannels by the movement of MMT to obtain both of size-controlled and on-demand droplets actively. The size range of the produced droplet was three times as large as the previous system by using novel hydraulic design of the chip, and also the dispersing the fluid was successfully prevented from leakage when it is chopped by using MMT.


Based on data gained from a more efficient manner through panel unit root tests and panel co-integration,this paper investigates the long-term relationship between financial development and economic growth in China's western region. The long-term relationship is estimated by using dynamic OLS.For the western region,empirical results clearly support the fact that there is a single equilibrium relation between financial development,economic growth and control variables,and the co-integration relation also implies unidirectional causality from financial development to economic growth.


Relying on regional features,book-collection traits and features of key disciplines in colleges and universities,libraries of local colleges and universities can construct their digital library by developing feature resources with regional vantages in a digital manner. This paper introduces the construction of"Hainan's Information System of Anti-Cancer Medicinal Plants Database"marked by local features and opines that in the construction of feature databases,attention should be paid to the maintenance and update of database information,to intellectual property protection and to popularize the application of the feature database.


A simple barrier system was used successfully to exclude Mycoplasma pulmonis and Sendai virus from a conventional mouse room. 49 weeks after introduction of the barrier system of management Pasteurella pneumotropica was first isolated from animals in the room.


Anorectal manometry measurements were made using a 4-channel circular catheter. We were performed no anesthesia or sedation before and during the procedure. Anal sphincter resting pressure, squeeze pressure, sphincter retention time, rectoanal inhibitor reflex parameters were measured with anal manometry (Figure 1). Figure 1: Anal sphincter resting pressure, squeeze pressure, sphincter retention time, rectoanal inhibitor reflex parameters were measured with anal manometry.


SUBTITLE: THE KUWAIT OIL TANKER COMPANY (KOTC) IS RENEWING ITS FLEET. DNV IS ACTIVELY INVOLVED WITH PRE-PLANNING AND SPECIFICATION AND WILL LATER PROVIDE CLASS SERVICES THROUGHOUT THE VESSELS' LIFE TIME. BUT MAHMOUD ABDULLAH OF KOTC WANTS MORE. HE WANTS CLASS TO SPEAK UP TO ENSURE HARD FACTS DOMINATE THE POLITICS OF TANKER SAFETY REGULATIONS.


We present a U-corrected Pb–Pb age of 4566.19 ± 0.20 Ma (1.11 ± 0.26 Myr after t 0) for the moderately volatile element rich, andesitic meteorite Erg Chech 002 (EC002). Our Al–Mg isochron defines a 26Al/27Al initial ratio of (8.65 ± 0.09) × 10−6 that corresponds to a 26Al/27Al ratio of 2.48−0.56+0.67 × 10−5 for the parent body precursor at the time of solar system formation. Whereas the published bulk chemistry and our high-precision Ca isotope measurement correspond to those for inner solar system materials, the 26Al/27Al ratio overlaps that for outer solar system CI chondrites. This indicates that the carriers and/or processes responsible for the nucleosynthetic isotope compositions for inner and outer disk materials are different than those controlling the heterogeneous distribution of 26Al. A low μ 26Mg* initial value of −6.1 ± 1.7 ppm infers a source region with a subchondritic Al/Mg ratio until 1.1 Myr after t 0 such that melt generation must have immediately preceded its crystallization. With 26Al as the main heating source, a modeled temperature–time path for a 100 km radius parent body with our inferred 26Al abundance suggests that accretion must have occurred before 0.5 Myr after t 0 to reach melting temperatures at appropriate depths within 1.1 Myr. This requires that the parent body formed very early within the protoplanetary disk, consistent with predictions of rapid formation of planetesimals by streaming instabilities within high-density dust filaments during the earliest phase of the protoplanetary disk. Finally, an absence of initial Pb in this otherwise moderately volatile-rich achondrite implies Pb was effectively sequestered to the Fe–Ni core.


ABSTRACT Mutations in the RNase H domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RT have been reported to cause resistance to zidovudine (ZDV) in vitro. However, very limited data on the in vivo relevance of these mutations in patients exist to date. This study was designed to determine the relationship between mutations in the RNase H domain and viral susceptibility to nucleoside analogues. Viruses harboring complex thymidine analogue mutation (TAM) and nucleoside analogue mutation (NAM) profiles were evaluated for their phenotypic susceptibilities to ZDV, tenofovir (TNF), and the nonapproved nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) β-2′,3′-didehydro-2′,3′-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (Reverset), β-d-5-fluorodioxolane-cytosine, and apricitabine. As controls, viruses from NRTI-naïve patients were also studied. The pol RT region (codons 21 to 250) of the viruses were sequenced and evaluated for mutations in the RNase H domain (codons 441 to 560) and the connection domain (codons 289 to 400). The results showed that viruses from patients failing multiple NRTI-containing regimens had distinct TAM and NAM profiles that conferred various degrees of resistance to ZDV (0.9- to >300-fold). Sequencing of the RNase H domain identified five positions (positions 460,468, 483, 512, and 519) at which extensive amino acid polymorphisms common in both wild-type viruses and viruses from treated patients were identified. No mutations were observed at positions 539 and 549, which have previously been associated with ZDV resistance. Mutations in the RNase H domain did not appear to correlate with the levels of phenotypic resistance to ZDV. Although some mutations were also observed in the connection domain, the simultaneous presence of the L74V and M184V mutations was the most significant determinant of phenotypic resistance to ZDV in patients infected with viruses with TAMs.


The Stokes flow problems of an incompressible viscous fluid in corrugated channels are considered. The corrugations are of small amplitude and are represented by stationary random functions. Perturbation solutions are developed leading to expressions for the flow rate enhancements as functions of the statistics of the corrugations. At high enough frequencies of corrugations, a negative flow enhancement is always obtained.


This study is to improve the modification of survey data and efficiency of update using digital map based on PDA_based surveying mapping system. This object is achieved by developing wireless communication module of PDA which is adaptable to Totalstation, and contents for its usage. It is achieved by drawing up transformation module of dxf file to editing the text file and the drawing. And it is achieved by drawing up modification module to layer control. This system will be efficiently used to surveying parts of spatial location information for real time mapping ind point positioning in field work.


To model inflation rate and crude oil prices, we used Markov Switching intercept heteroscedasticity Vector Autoregressive models. The data for this analysis was gathered from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin monthly. The upward and downward movement in the series revealed by the time plot suggests that the series exhibit a regime-switching pattern: the period of expansion and contraction. The variable was stationary at first differences, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test was used to screen for stationarity. The information criteria were used to test the number of regime and regime two were selected. Eight models were estimated for the MSI-VAR model. The best model was chosen based on the criterion of least information criterion, Markov-switching intercept heteroscedasticity – Vector Autoregressive model (MSIH(2)-VAR(2)) with AIC (8.596641) and SC (8.973119). The model was used to predict the series' values over a one-year cycle (12 months).


The local connection characteristics of convolutional neural network (CNN) are linked with the local spatial correlation of image pixels for water depth retrieval in this article. The method has greater advantages and higher precision than traditional retrieval methods. Traditional remote sensing empirical models require manual extraction of retrieval factors and the process is complex. This article proposes a model based on CNN, which uses different remote sensing images in four spectral bands, red, green, blue, and near-infrared, to retrieve the water depth. In general, CNN is mostly used for image recognition and classification tasks, which can make full use of the local spatial correlation between pixels. The method in this article exploits this feature of CNN for water depth retrieval, taking into consideration the nonlinear relationship between the radiance value and water depth value from adjacent and central pixels. In this article, remote sensing image data, measured water depth data, and lidar sounding data are used as input data to build the model. Then, the retrieval error is analyzed and the parameters are adjusted to further optimize the model. Quantitative analysis and experimental results show that the accuracy of the CNN model in shallow sea areas retrieval is improved by more than 50%. The mean absolute error can reach within 0.8 m. Finally, the model is shown to be highly portable and capable of retrieving water depth data with resolution equal to the spatial resolution of the remote sensing image using only a small amount of input water depth data.


This paper mainly chooses sixty normal university libraries and the needs about guokr students of three provinces in Northeast China as the research object, investigates the library to provide services for teachers and students are more innovative, somewhat different in MOOC environment, to understand the status of its service, and put forward the improvement measures to promote the development of the University Library and the MOOC. In 2012, MOOC as "digital tsunami" swept the world, opened the door to the Ivy League university. Peking University, Fudan University, Chinese University Hong Kong, National Taiwan University and other 6 schools have joined the coursera platform in 2013. At present, 15.5 million from 162 countries students learning the EDX first course "Massachusetts circuit and Electronics", Professor Agarwal Anant, chairman of the EDX, told an interview that the chinese education is going through the historical moment of "moving the book" to "moving in the classroom". At the same time, China also launched a local MOOC MOOC in China of netease and the higher education community to jointly launched the online education platform, she undertook the Ministry of education national boutique open curriculum task, to the public to provide Chinese famous universities MOOC curriculum; This paper surveys 60 college library resource service of MOOC in three provinces of northeast in China and students demand in guokr network, understands the needs and services of the MOOC course resources in the ordinary colleges and universities, puts forward the service strategy, improves the service direction. 1 Questionnaire Design Content and Related Information This investigation uses the website survey and network interviews in two ways, the research object is the 60 general university library in the three provinces of northeast china, views the list of resources is whether a separate list of the MOOC resources or not, whether the online open class or free resources embedded in the MOOC resources, or information literacy teaching syllabus is embedded in the MOOC curriculum, in order to determine whether it provides MOOC services; Network interviews were conducted for 50 students in the school of guokr network MOOC, A total of 50 questionnaires were distributed, and 46 valid questionnaires were obtained. The investigation time was May 31, 2016.Questionnaire content is the students for the MOOC resource utilization, resource access, MOOC resource types and difficulty, the specific requirements of the library service content and service mode, etc.. 2 Survey and analysis of the MOOC Resource Service in the General University Library 2.1 Analysis of the MOOC resources of the school library website. Survey results show that The MOOC resources listed only 8 separate schools, of which 3 in jilin province, heilongjiang 4, liaoning province 1, and most of the schools only lists China university public class or icourse, other not listed, therefore, the quality of the MOOC related services will not be too high in the 60 universities in the northeast. The best service is in heilongjiang province, especially heilongjiang science and technology university and harbin university of commerce, and do most of the library of liaoning normal university, listed at home and abroad open class and MOOC wide resources in the International Conference on Modern Management, Education Technology, and Social Science (MMETSS 2016) Copyright © 2017, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 91


: Energy is the cornerstone of the progress of human society. As the world gradually moves towards modernization, the shortage of energy in various countries has become an important problem restricting their economic development. It is very important to reduce energy costs and improve system economy to allocate energy as reasonably as possible under the requirements of ensuring the stable operation of the power system. The purpose of this paper is to study energy distribution methods based on hybrid intelligence algorithms. The static load distribution mathematical model of the power system is established, and the static load distribution program based on the hybrid algorithm is designed. The IEEE3-machine 6-bus system is used for the example simulation. Particle swarm optimization and hybrid intelligence algorithm are used to test the objective function in three cases, respectively. The results show that the hybrid intelligence algorithm is better than the particle swarm algorithm in both the convergence speed and the optimal solution quality when solving the static load distribution.


The phase transfer reaction of 1,4-benzene-liacetonnitrile with dichloromethane in the presence of benzyltriethylammonium chloride have been studied. Poly (α, α'-dicyano-p-pheny-lene trimethylene) (1), a new polymer, was obtained with 84% yield. The hydrolyzed product (II) was given by treating (I) with 70% sulfuric acid solution. The deep-colour resin (III1), (HII2) and (III3) were resulted from p/rolysizing of (I) under the ak condition at 250, 300 and 400℃ respectively. (III1)-(III3) exhibited excellent electronic properties, thermo-stability and strong EPR signals. Their electric resistivity at room temperature, thermal dico-mposition temperature (TGA) and corresponding g-value, line-width of EPR are 1010-107 Ω·cm, 345-408℃ and 2.00303-2.00307, 0.475-0.896 mT respectively. They are recognized as a conjugated polymer.


Security of digital computer communications is rising on the list of computer security requirements as the interconnection of computers becomes more commonplace. The reasons for interconnecting computers include improved service, improved reliability, and improved information.  However,  there  are  risks  in  connecting computers. A recent newspaper article reports a story about a woman who was told that she could not make a deposit in her bank account on a certain day from a branch bank. When she asked why, the answer was "because its raining too hard." The reply was absolut.ely accurate. When the intensity of the rain exceeded some threshold, the communications between the terminal in .the branch bank and the computer in the central bank became garbled because of wet telephone connections and all interbank operations had to be suspended. The security provided by the techniques described in this paper will do nothing to alleviate this problem. In fact, the techniques cannot solve many of the practical security problems encountered in computer operations. They  will  provide,  however,  high  levels of security against certain types of real threats, both existing and


A fuzzy sets method for classification of arrhythmias is developed in this work. At first R-R and QRS interval are transformed into fuzzy variables with S-style and Z-style membership functions.Then their grades of membership for normal and beats of PVC and APC are calculated to determine the classification.The method is verified with MIT BIH database and the clinical data.The results show that this method is effective for the classification of arrhythmias accurately and rapidly.


An example of p-type Si:B:Ga with different degrees of compensation was used in a comparative estimate of the precision of separate determination of the impurity concentrations from the temperature dependence of the hole density p(T) in the case of one and two dopants characterized by ionization energies differing by a factor less than 2. An investigation was made of a function which describes the rms deviation in the space of the parameters D(N c ,N 2 ) (N c , N 1 , and N 2 are the concentrations of the compensating impurity, and of boron and gallium, respectively, subject to the condition N 2 >>N 1 ) on the assumption that N 2 , as well as the ionization energies of B and Ga are known. It was found that in the presence of two dopants the function D(N c , N 1 ) has a «ravine-like» relief in the vicinity of a minimum and, for relationships between N c and N 1 , the scatter of the required quantities exceeds one order of magnitude. In this situation an increase in the precision of the determination of p(T) does not result in a significant improvement in the precision of the calculated parameters. If only one dopant is present, the precision of calculation of the parameters in high


We investigated the usefulness of a suppository containing highly concentrated glycyrrhizin monoammonium (GZ-NH4) solution prepared by pretreatment with clove oil in rats. The aims of this study were to clarify membrane permeability, the bioavailability of GZ-NH4 and the extent of tissue damage. Membrane permeability was evaluated using Ussing-type diffusion chambers, bioavailability assessed through an in vivo absorption study, tissue damage evaluated through observation of hematoxylin-eosin stained tissues and an in vitro release study was carried out to select the suppository base. The formulations used were a GZ-NH4 solution prepared using phosphate buffered solution (control), GZ-NH4 containing 50% labrasol, and GZ-NH4 pretreated with 2% clove oil at 50°C and 70°C. The GZ-NH4 concentrations of all formulations were set to 50 mg/mL. With the GZ-NH4 pretreated with 2% clove oil formulations, the apparent permeability coefficients (Papp) were 1.7- and 1.9-fold higher, respectively, than that of the control formulation. When the various formulations were applied to the rat rectum at a dose of 50 mg/kg of GZ-NH4, the bioavailability of GZ-NH4 pretreated with 2% clove oil at 70°C was 25%, the highest among the four formulations. In the in vivo absorption study, no damage to the epithelial cells of the rectum was observed. These results suggest that GZ-NH4 pretreated with 2% clove oil at 70°C is the most useful formulation for rectal administration. In the in vitro release study to select suppository base, polyethyleneglycol 1000 (PEG 1000) was selected as the hydrophilic base and Witepsol H-15 as the lipophilic base. The initial release of GZ-NH4 was highest for the Witepsol H-15 suppository base. Overall, our results suggest that a lipophilic suppository containing GZ-NH4 pretreating with 2% clove oil at 70°C has the highest release and absorption rates for GZ-NH4 in rectal administration.


The priority direction of the educational informatization process is introducing information and communication technologies (ICT) in the educational sector. When developing digital information and educational space, certain questions arise regarding the expediency and effectiveness, the place and the role of ICT in the educational process, which is quite natural. The aim of the research is to prove the expediency of using ICT at the lessons of Ukrainian and foreign literature. The relevance of the issue is influenced by many contradictions between the potential possibilities of multimedia technologies as a means of multimodal and multichannel perception of artistic information from literature and the technology uncertainty of conducting a literature lesson with ICT technologies, as well as insufficient development of computerbased literature lessons, regarding the specifics of perception of an artistic literary work in the system of activity-value learning. Incorporating ICT into the educational process provides opportunities for further differentiation of general and professional education, comprehensive implementation of creative, searching, person-centered and communicative forms of education, increasing its effectiveness, mobility and compliance with practice requests. Modern life demands searching for new forms of the educational process arrangement, especially, lessons of foreign literature. The use of computer technologies and the Internet is one of innovative means of studying literature, which allows stimulating students' interest in artistic works and saves time for creative cooperation between the teacher and the student. The implementation of ICT at the lessons of Ukrainian and foreign literature is considered to be one of the urgent methodological problems.


This paper developed a dynamic pricing strategy for perishable foods based on prior optimal and dynamic pricing models for perishable foods. The proposed strategy is expected to transform consumer purchasing patterns in a more strategic way with advanced tracking solutions, and to significantly curtail waste and increase retail service operations productivity. Based on information from interviews and surveys, a simulation was conducted to investigate impacts of the proposed strategy on retailer productivity and customer behaviours.


Advances in technology and a sustained demand for oil mean exploration is being driven into more remote, fragile environments (Ivshina et al, 2015). Therefore, the number of drilling campaigns in remote inland locations is set to increase, so we should be prepared for a corresponding increase in the number of spills. This changing risk profile should in-turn be reflected in the oil spill response organisation (OSRO) community.
 Whilst advances in offshore techniques and specialist equipment are plentiful, there appears to be scope for greater innovation in inland response. It is not uncommon for response plans to bear a close resemblance to those written in excess of 10 years ago, when the Macondo blow-out stimulated investment and a subsequent increase in offshore response capabilities.
 This apparent disparity is surprising given offshore responses tend to orientate round either traditional containment and recovery measures or the use of dispersants, in contrast with inland response tactics which are often subject to a higher degree of site specificity.
 There is a real appetite to add to the range of tactics available to OSROs. Precursors to change might include one or more of the following; field trials, better information sharing between response organisations and impressing upon manufacturers the potential value of developing proprietary inland spill equipment. This poster will explore some of the areas in inland response where there is scope for innovation.


In order to study the influence of FAE device on cloud-mist shape,the deformation speed distribution law,first rupture position and time,rupture shape of shell were obtained by simulation of the initial process of FAE device with fluid-solid coupling arithmetic.The calculation results agree well with initial cloud-mist shape gained by ground test.The numerical simulation can foretell the cloud-mist shape of FAE device and provide a reference for the structural design of similar FAE weapon.


Recent work in conservation biology and restoration ecology has highlighted the need for research on the process of community assembly and the effect of initial conditions on community development. Theory and limited experimental work in this area suggest that an initial "pioneer" colonist arriving in open habitat can strongly influence this process, resulting in a priority effect . We used a ubiquitous terrestrial animal group, spiders, to test for the existence of priority effects during colonizatio n of individual sagebrush shrubs. In 1992, at a site in northern Utah, we applied three treatments to subset s of 60 cleared shrubs that represented available habitat to spiders . Two shrub treatments received differen t jumping spider pioneer colonists placed by hand (either Metaphidippus aeneolus (Curtis 1892) or Phidippus johnsoni (Peckham & Peckham 1883)), and a third shrub treatment received no placed spiders, servin g as a reference . After 3–4 days of exposure to the same environmental conditions, including natural colonization by dispersing spiders, we collected a total of 285 spider assemblages that had developed o n shrubs . We compared these assemblages by treatment type at both the species and guild levels, defining spider guilds based on differences in morphology and foraging technique (e.g ., jumpers, trappers, ambushers, and pursuers) . The total number of spiders per shrub was not significantly different by treatment type (P = 0 .279) , and overall measures of species richness and abundance were similar . At the guild level of analysis , however, differences were observed . Total counts of trappers were 43–50% lower in treatments receivin g a placed jumper pioneer. A log-linear model comparing treatments as a whole confirmed that jumpe r pioneers significantly reduced trapper numbers in subsequent assemblages compared to those from reference shrubs (P = 0.019), and significantly fewer trappers were collected from shrubs that had Metaphidippus aeneolus as a pioneer (P = 0 .034) . This evidence of short-term priority effects was found despit e a conservative aspect of our test, in which the reference shrubs had some likelihood (35%) of receivin g either of these jumper pioneers by chance from natural dispersal . It is not known whether these priority effects persist over longer time scales . The observed results are consistent with predictions based on known spider behaviors of cannibalis m and interguild predation . Outcomes of these spider-spider interactions relate to differences in foragin g technique and body size . We suggest that a guild-level approach and the shrub-spider system we describ e have promise for future research on priority effects and animal community assembly . A major focus of research in animal ecology has been understanding how extant natural communities maintain their structure s over time through such mechanisms as competition and predation (see reviews in Stron g et al . 1984 ; Diamond & Case 1986 ; Kikkawa & Anderson 1986; Gee & Giller 1987 ; but also Dunson & Travis 1991) . But contemporary problems in conservation biology an d ecosystem restoration (Bradshaw 1987 ; Cairn s 1988 ; Buckley 1989 ; Soule & Kohm 1989 ; Hansson 1992) have challenged us to expan d 'Current address/correspondence : Environmenta l Science Program, Trinity College, 125 Michigan Avenue NE, Washington, DC USA . this program, both by considering how anima l communities change over time (Pimm 1986 , 1991 ; Giller & Gee 1987; Lawton 1987 ; Crawley 1989 ; Luken 1990) and by analyzin g disturbed systems (Lewontin 1969; Sousa 1984 ; Pickett & White 1985 ; Harper 1987) . In short, we are starting to pay more attention to the process of community development itself, exploring the sensitivity of ecological system s to different initial conditions and tracking community trajectories over time (Connor & Simberloff 1979; Fox 1987; Gilpin 1987 ; Drake 1990a, 1990b, 1991 ; Drake et al . 1993 ; Law & Morton 1993) . The promise of thi s approach lies in the potential to describe particular "assembly rules" for natural commu -


Through the multimodal analysis of six College English speaking textbooks,this article attempts to apply the theories of multimodality and multiliteracies to the compilation of speaking textbooks and establish the multimodality in the new-compiled textbooks. Meanwhile,the article focuses on the interaction between language and visual-audio bimodality to make meaning. The compilation of new speaking textbooks integrates the "design"concept in order to help equip language learners with the multiliteracies ability of understanding multimedia information through visual,audio,gestural or spatial modalities in the context of cultural diversity and world connectedness.


Objective: To study the effects of rhTGF-β1 and rhBMP-2 on proliferation and differentiation of rabbit osteoblastic cells. Methods: Rabbit osteoblastic cells were cultured in vitro. Proliferation and differentiation of the cells were assessed. Results: rhBMP-2 had no effect on proliferation of the cells, but increased the ALP activity significantly. rhTGF-β could increase the proliferation of the cells, but had no effect on the ALP activity. The effects of combination of rhTGF-β1 and rhBMP-2 were less than that of the growth factors used individually. Conclusion: Combination of rhTGF-β1 and rhBMP-2 has no synergetic effects.


In this paper, we evaluate and quantify the energy losses associated with compressed‐air systems, and their costs to manufacturers. We also show how to reduce the cost of compressed air in existing facilities by making some modifications with attractive payback periods. Among the measures, we investigate to reduce the compressed air are: (1) repairing air leaks, (2) installing high‐efficiency motors, (3) reducing the average air inlet temperature by using outside air (4) reducing compressor air pressure. We also illustrate the potential saving associated with each measure by using realistic examples. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Baicalin, an important effective component in Radix Scutellariae, possesses extensive pharmacological activities and enjoys extensive application in drugs. However, it cannot be easily absorbed by humans. As the aglycone of baicalin, baicalein is more pharmacologically effective and better bio-available than baicalin, but less concentrated in Radix Scutellariae. Taking Whiterot Fungi as the biotransformation microorganism, this paper carries out the biotransformation of baicalin and optimizes the carbon and nitrogen sources in the biotransformation media. Generally, the best biotransformation media of baicalin by White-rot Fungi was optimized as the combination of 0.0017% arginine, 0.0017% valine, 0.0017% glutamic acid, 0.0017% alanine, 0.0017% histidine, 0.0017% tyrosine and 0.1% urea, 0.6% KH2PO4, 0.1% CaCl2, and 0.1% MgSO4 at the pH of 5.5. The combination can achieve the biotransformation efficiency of 89.8%. If there is no carbon source but the substrate baicalin, the biotransformation of baicalin would proceed well, even better than using corncob, bran, glucose, dissoluble starch as carbon source. The best nitrogen source was the combination of 0.1% urea and six amino acids. Through comprehensive consideration of efficiency and cost, 0.1% urea was the most applicable inorganic nitrogen source for the biotransformation of baicalin by White-rot Fungi.


It is through the press that we can gain insights into the feelings and opinions of the
Irish, British and the United States populations regarding the treaty ports issue and the
impact it had on their lives during the war. The pattern of public opinion and how it
changed at various stages of the war from acceptance of the return of the ports, to
hostility and back to acceptance again, can be gleaned through the press. It is in the
recording and analysis of this, which has not, to my knowledge, ever been attempted
before, that this thesis gains its value.


Various forms of Advance Directives (Living Wills; Durable Powers of Attorney) are available that allow individuals to leave instructions about the conditions under which they would and would not want to be allowed to die. These Directives are often worded too vaguely to be helpful. A series of specific questions is described giving more precision to Advance Directives. All competent adults should consider and answer these questions; attending to this matter while one is able may prevent future suffering for both oneself and one's loved ones.


M inimum Shift Keying (MSK) [ 11 or Fast Frequency Shift Keying (FFSK) is a digital modulation technique with constant amplitude which has been studied extensively during recent years. The properties of MSK are now understood [2-51. In this article, we report on methods to improve on MSK while maintaining a constant amplitude. By improvement we mean a narrower power spectrum, lower spectral sidelobes, better error probability, or all of the above. The cost of signal processing and the speed and complexity with which it can be performed has steadily been improved over recent years. Further improvements are to be expected. Therefore, it is reasonable to study what can be accomplished with methods that might be too complex for cost effective realization today, but perhaps may be easily achievable tomorrow. In this paper, we consider a number of methods for constructing constant amplitude signals which significantly outperform MSK [5-1031. We also discuss at what level of complexity these improvements are obtained and realized.


1. Models,, Knowledge and Structure. Men think in terms of models. Their sense organs abstract the events which touch them; their memories store traces of these events as coded symbols; and they may recall them according to patterns which they learned earlier, or recombine them in patterns that are new. In all this, we may think of our thought as consisting of symbols which are put in relations or sequences according to operating rules. Both symbols and operating rules are acquired, in part directly from interaction with the outside world, and in part from elaboration of this material through internal recombination. Together, a set of symbols and a set of rules may constitute what we may call a calculus, a logic, a game or a model. Whatever we call it, it will have some structure, i.e., some pattern of distribution of relative discontinuities, and some "laws" of operation. If this pattern and these laws resemble, to any relevant extent, any particular situation or class of situations in the outside world, then, to that extent, these outside situations can be "understood", i.e., predicted-and perhaps even controlled-with the aid of this model. Whether any such resemblance exists cannot be discovered from the model, but only from a physical process of verification, that is, physical operations for matching some of the structure of the outside situation-this we might call "taking information off" the outside situationfollowed by some critical process, i.e., further physical operations which depend in their outcome on the degree of correspondence between the structure proposed from the model and the structure derived from the outside facts. Models of this kind may unify the thinking of their users. If clearly retained, they make mental operations repeatable: they confer on them the property of retraceability which is essential for reason. If used by several persons with identical results they add another characteristic of reason: cogency. They will do this whether their actual correspondence to events in nature is close or not. In one sense, all these models are physical. They consist of symbols which are states of physical objects, and traces of physical processes, whether in brain cells, ink marks, electric charges, or what not. Similarly, the operating rules, according to which these symbols are to be permutated or combined, and new symbols derived from them, are constraints on physical processes. In this sense, knowledge is physical process, or rather a particular configuration of physical processes. It is the process in which at least three other physical processes are incompletely matched: one, the "outside" process, which undergoes


Article type Review article Many children with hippocampal sclerosis underwent surgery for treatment. Early childhood convulsion occurs in 2 to 4% of population and its prognosis is good in majority of cases. It seems that hippocampal anomalies are common in patients with neocortical epilepsies. The theory of hippocampal sclerosis association with temporal lobe epilepsy has been proposed 100 years ago. Recent studies demonstrated that there was a correlation between memory impairments and prolonged febrile convulsion (PFC), which might be a result of hippocampal injury. Transient hippocampus swelling might happen in complicated early childhood epilepsy or status epilepticus and result in hippocampal sclerosis.


Denis Bjai,Trois fois par mois ? dix fois par jour ? Montaigne et la reglementation du mariage dans « Sur des vers de Virgile » (Essais, III, 5) (Three times a month ? Ten times a day ? Montaigne and marriage regulations in "Upon some verses of Virgil"), Studia Romanica Posnaniensia, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, Poznan, vol. XXXVIII/1: 2011, pp. 23-34. ISBN 978-83-232-2279-8. ISSN 0137-2475. DOI 10.2478/v10123-011-0003-0. In his chapter "Upon some lines of Virgil" (Essays, III, 5), Montaigne relates the complaint of a poor Catalonian woman, to whom her husband fulfi lled his conjugal duties at least ten times a day, and the arbitrament the Queen of Aragon gave in her favour (?). This spicy story actually raises a tricky point of law, that Nicolas Bohier (Decisiones Aureae, 1544), Antoine du Verdier (Les diverses lecons, 1577) and Guillaume Bouchet (Les Serees, 1584) had previously studied. After Montaigne, the case will be dealt with again in the works of Cholieres and Brantome.


This research constituted to phenomenon happened that is the many mass medias exactly reports on or displays which is not express police image as protector and pengayom public. Like displaying hardness assessed by it will keep away police image as skillful and professional figure
as law enforcer. News that is less proportional about Police is hypothesized will bring change (negativity) in the form of lowering of social trust (social trust) public lowering of social confidence (social expectation) public changes it understanding (social cognition) public. Many
overruled by it (news) success of Police in straightening of law and maintainer to the security and orderliness, news that is is proportional not and not objective by mass media will generate negative opinion to public trust to Police. When there are news negative about Police likely public haves a notion equal to the news to effect of former news. In this research wish to know there or there is no Influence forwarding of Police News Police News To Public Perception About The Relation Of Police With Public and how big its the influence.
This research applies the theory SOR which is one of communication theory. the theory SOR is having a notion that Stimulus or message submitted to komunikan possibly is received or refused. And at this research message is received by communicant so that communications takes
place with existence of attention from komunikan. The next process is existence of understanding from communicant and ability of continuing this communicant is the next process.
After communicant process and receives it, hence happened response from communicant which in the form of perception from komunikan. In this research applies quantitative method with approach type ekspalanatif. Population in this research is public eksternal Police in Desa Purwoasri. As for sampling technique applied is cluster sampling. As for data analysis technique applied by is simple linear regression in by it there is correlation concept and equation of regression.
From data analysis is obtained by correlation coefficient (r) 0586 while tables r = 0207. This correlation value indicates that influence between independent variables that is forwarding of police news to dependent variables that is public perception about the relation of police withpublic is including category enough strong. Based on result of analysis linear regression is obtained by calculate F value 47184, with free degree of regression = 1 and residual degree = 90 and with mistake level = 5% hence obtained by table F 4000. because F calculate > table F that is
47184 > 4000, hence relation between Influence forwarding of Police News Police News To Public Perception About The Relation Of Police With Public is signifikan. Pass result of coefficient of determination (R²) that is 0586² = 0344 causing is got coefficient of determination (R² x 100) = 0344 x 100 = 344% mean that 344% is Influence forwarding of Police News Police News To Public Perception About The Relation of Police With Public. While the rest influenced
by other variables of which is not discussed in this research. Result of data is upper increasingly strengthens the theory SO r used by researcher to give basis assumption that in process of communications as according to process the theory SO R and messages submitted the gives some certain effects or contribution at its the effect can become evaluation for the relation of Police with public.


The architecture of the so-called "first Spanish Renaissance" is characterized by the combination of elements of medieval origin (either Gothic or Mudejar) with the new influences of the Italian Renaissance. Until here, we have mentioned a well-known topic, but coincidentally, from two recent visits to an outstanding example, the Avellaneda Palace, emerged a series of reflections about the period and its treatment in the historiography that we propose to share. These works have traditionally been interpreted as phenomena where traces of the medieval past are projected into a present marked by Renaissance. On the contrary, we understand that the Mudejar elements are not a trace or shadow of a past phenomenon, but rather a component present in Spanish culture whose features, far from being accessory or superficial, define the structure from which these buildings have been conceived. Avellaneda Palace reflects this problem in a surprisingly clear way, communicating the complexity and contradiction of a two-faced society. Communication, complexity, contradiction. It is obvious that this approach would not be possible without the contribution of the recently deceased Robert Venturi, so we propose a "Venturian" rereading of the work and its period.


The professional i nterest in this analysis is due, firstly, to the fact that any national strategy for the accumulation and use of "soft power" in the sphere of foreign affairs relies, as a rule, on scientific doctrine, so, those characteristics of the "soft power" that the national scientific community and authorities assess as the most important, most likely, will be reflected in practical political concepts and actions on the accumulation and use of "soft power". The second reason is related to the fact that even during the first steps in studying of "soft power" phenomenon, J. Nye referred Japan to the leading countries, which were able to attract world community and build up this foreign policy resource. Studying and evaluating the Japanese experience of using soft power resources by Russian scholars is one of the most effective ways of adopting the most successful ways of forming «soft power» platform on national level in Russia. The author came to the conclusion that despite the ongoing discussion around the structure of "soft power" phenomenon and the effectiveness of its application, a number of scientific approaches to research this foreign policy resource have been formulated both in Japan and in Russia, , as well as a list of the main criteria for "soft power" index.


To meet the real time requirements of long running software,this paper adopts the methods of setting checkpoints and rollback to derive a system model based on dual computer redundancy.For such a model,the strategy to select an optimum checkpoint interval which can minimize the completion time of tasks is presented.Finally,the mathematical analysis and the simulation results to support the strategy are given.


Chemical treatments in combination with modified atmosphere packaging and cold storage was employed as hurdles for control of microorganisms and extending shelf life of minimally processed potatoes in this study. Washed and hand-peeled potatoes were treated with NaCl (1%) + Na-metabisulphite (1500 ppm), chlorinated (150 ppm, pH: 6.8, 5 min) and rinsed with water. They were divided into two lots and subjected to the following treatments: dip in solutions containing 1.5% citric acid and 0.5% L-cysteine + 1% citric acid. The samples were packaged at two different gas combinations and stored at 4 to 6 oC for 14 days. The weight loss of samples packaged under N2 was lower than the samples packaged under N2 and CO2. Also L-cysteine was more effective than citric acid for limiting weight loss by repressing metabolic activity. L-cysteine treatment with packaging under N2 and CO2 atmosphere had positive effects for protecting overall quality. Browning inhibited up to two weeks with the help of chemical inhibitors. Rapid increase of total coliform bacteria count after 8 th day (especially in control samples) made inconsumable of these samples. However, citric acid treatment prolonged the shelf life up to two weeks. As sensorial, L-cysteine treated samples were rejected in terms of odour, but preferred in terms of colour and appearence.


Correspondence Author Dr. Binod Raut, Assistant Professor Kathmandu Medical College and Teaching Hospital (KMCTH), Duwakot, Bhaktapur, Nepal E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Phone:+9779840050194 Abstract Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism is represented by high serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and normal serum free T4 and T3, Recent studies on subclinical hypothyroidism and lipid profile indicates that the serum total cholesterol, LDL-C, and total triglycerides were significantly increased. Clinical evidence suggests that thyroid replacement therapy with levothyroxine has beneficial effect. Methods: It is a hospital based prospective observational study involving 122 patients based on non probability sampling conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine. The study involved patients who have been diagnosed with subclinical hypothyroidism with normal level of free T4, T3 and elevated levels of TSH with positive Thyroperoxidase (TPO) antibodies. Patients were advised to investigate lipid profile before and afterprescribing levothyroxine. Follow up was done after 6-9 wks. Results: In this study 122 patients diagnosed with Subclinical hypothyroidism were prescribed with levothyroxine in which 112 came for follow up.The mean age of the patient was 46.81.There was significant reduction in mean TSH from 12.09 (±1.89)mIU/L to 7.97(±1.59)mIU/L,TC from 217.12( ±20.87)mg/dl to 198.47( ±17.34)mg/dl and LDL from 137.16(±14.57)mg/dl to 124.62( ±12.89)mg/dl was found along with significant reduction in VLDL wasfound after levothyroxine therapy, There was slight reduction in serum triglyceride was found with no significant alteration in HDL and BMIlevels. Conclusion: The study showed significant reduction in the lipid profile including TC, LDL and VLDL after levothyroxine therapy. There was significant reduction in the level of TSHwas also found whereas the level of free T4 and T3 were not muchaltered. Therewas no significant change found in the level of HDLand BMI.


to Catholicism are largely neglected; and Moscow, which played a major role in the ecclesiastical conflict, receives only cursory treatment. One would like some information on the activities of the Terekhtemyriv Monastery, an important center of Orthodox resistance, but none is provided. There is insufficient data on Petro Mohyla's apparent uncanonical elevation to the Orthodox metropolitan see of Kiev. Very little is said about his spectacular attempt to create a "Ruthenian Patriarchate," which would have reunited the equally beleaguered Greek Catholic and Orthodox churches. No light is shed on the alleged conflict between the Jesuits and the Greek Catholic hierarchy. There is a suggestion of a conspiracy involving Constantinople, Moscow, and Kiev in the renewal of the Orthodox metropolitanate in 1620, but no evidence is given, aside from a footnote reference to a Polish scholar (the scholarly consensus is that the Patriarch Theophanes was most reluctant to make the concession). Finally, it is often stated that the Orthodox hierarchy resisted union "out of fidelity to Constantinople." This requires clarification, since ample evidence exists that this "fidelity" was marginal, mostly an expediency. Nominal subordination to a distant and powerless ecumenical patriarch allowed considerable autonomy to the bishops, who traditionally resented patriarchal meddling in their respective sees.


Methodological challenges in studying sex steroid hormones in premenopausal women result from the existence of variation at three levels: among women from the same population, among menstrual cycles recorded for women at different times of the year, and among days of the same cycle. We partitioned, for a Polish rural population, the natural, nonpathological, variation in salivary progesterone concentrations (measured during 14 days of the luteal phase) into the intracycle component (which accounts for 65% of the total variation) and the among‐cycle component (the remaining 35% of the total variation). Out of the among‐cycle variation in salivary progesterone, as much as 46% is expressed as differences among individual women (interindividual component); the remaining 54% of variation is due to differences among cycles of individual women (intercycle, within‐women component). Such intercycle variation is probably caused by a seasonality of agricultural workload and is much higher than in nonseasonal, industrial populations. We also used bootstrap analyses to generate heuristic recommendations for choosing sample sizes of the number of subjects, number of cycles per woman, and number of days per cycle. Studies in populations with seasonal lifestyles should rely on measurements of at least three cycles per woman. Given the substantial intracycle amplitude in hormone levels to reliably assess biologically and medically relevant variation in ovarian function, at least 7–8 days/cycle should be measured. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


This study explores second language composing processes and rhetorics through the data-rich perspective of ethnography, a unique approach to the study of second language rhetorics and one that leads to increased understanding of cross-cultural written communication. Moreover, most second language composing studies are not longitudinal in scope. Although this study draws the bulk of its data from five colleague-researchers before they begin their studies in the United States, the study concludes with additional data collected after the participants complete their degrees. The results provide intriguing insights into second language pedagogy as well as manifold dimensions of cross-cultural communication.


The urbanized negative consequence is the urbanization " the natural historical process " organic constituent. Because since the past quite long one section of times, in our country, the city only is the result of production layout and the tool of manufacture goods , on the other hand, we today urbanized and the European and American developed country same year the urbanized condition is already greatly different, we pass certain years again continuously carry out the city and countryside division the household register system, artificial suppression urbanization advancement; After reform and open policy, the local government tows in the achievements in one's official career with the benefit actuation under, certainly does not lack the advancement urbanization the power, even is opposite. These constituted our country urbanization unique system background and the system condition, caused our urbanization faced with more traps and the difficult position. When the urbanization enters accelerative time, if regarding this still lacked the sober understanding, possibly caused the risk suddenly to enlarge.


In this paper, using a (2+1)-dimensional field theory approach, we study the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) scattering with Lorentz symmetry breaking. We obtain the modified scattering amplitude to the AB effect due to the small Lorentz violation correction in the breaking parameter and prove that up to one loop the model is free from ultraviolet divergences.


The widespread adoption of the language of participation across a spectrum of institutions, from radical NGOs to local government bodies to the World Bank, raises questions about what exactly this much-used buzzword has come to mean. An infinitely malleable concept, 'participation' can be used to evoke and to signify almost anything that involves people. As such, it can easily be reframed to meet almost any demand made of it. So many claims to 'doing participation' are now made that the term has become mired in a morass of competing referents (Cornwall, 2008: 269). Although "participation" is now widely endorsed as an essential component of sustainable development, there is less consensus about what it means and how to achieve it. Participation means different things to different people. This article explores some of the meanings of participation and answers the question what participation actually mean in contemporary times. It concludes by suggesting that there are seven (7) questions to ask whether a process is participatory or not.


Autoconfiguration mechanisms in general, and stateless address autoconfiguration in particular, are highly desirable capabilities of military mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). However, IPv6 stateless autoconfiguration schemes for MANETs still have to be refined, and a convincing demonstration is needed to show that these schemes can cope with the dynamic, infrastructure-free environment wherein MANETs operate. In this paper we provide a literature survey of autoconfiguration schemes designed for MANETs. In addition, we look at a specific stateless autoconfiguration scheme (by Jelger and Noel, SECON 2005). This scheme provides globally routable IPv6 prefixes to a MANET, attached to the Internet via gateways. We examine this approach through OPNET simulation, applying new mobility models to encourage squad-like clusters around gateways, introducing mobility to the gateways, and scaling the number of ad hoc nodes and the number of gateways independently. We then comment on the performance of the Jelger-Noel addressing scheme in terms of protocol overhead, autoconfiguration time, prefix hold times, and prefix stability.


Histology of the pancreas from about four hundreds autopsy cases at the Nagoya City University Hospital were re‐examined to single out cases of cystic fibrosis. The cases singled out concerning the pancreas received re‐examination of histology of other mucous gland that were available. Autopsy records and clinical histories were pursued and checked in detail. Pancreas and tracheobronchial glands in some cases were found to present histological pictures consistant with or suggestive of cystic fibrosis. This study suggests that there would be not a few cases of cystic fibrosis in Japan even if they are of a milder and incomplete form.


Conferences are conducted in academics, corporates to enhance the knowledge, specifically in academics of faculties, students and research scholars. conventional manner from educating, similar allocution, research workshops & assignments need to be complemented to form these academic proposals attractive & to covering present scholar's need. Planning a conference is a costly and demand huge number of tasks, we use function analysis to create or have a good understanding or background for conference planning. i.e. to plan national/international conference & acquirement lessons studied, & cavort an important aspect in the improvement and employment. Using an adviser has various advantages such as reducing errors that that can disturb the good smooth running for a conference. An integrated logistic approach focuses only on the participants is key for success. Supporting form of apprenticeship, like conference enable scholars to study about newest technology, appliance, process & clarification use & expanse on market. furthermore, such conferences provide scholar/attendees to evolve soft-techniques, provide new special connection & know how to collaborate with guest. All those aspects make possible especially for scholars to orient themselves in the possibilities of study and work ahead in industry or abroad.


This article studies impulsive stabilization of nonlinear systems. We propose two types of event-triggering algorithms to update the impulsive control signals with actuation delays. The first algorithm is based on continuous event detection, while the second type makes decision about updating the impulsive control inputs according to periodic event detection. Sufficient conditions are derived to ensure asymptotic stability of the impulsive control systems with the designed event-triggering algorithms. Lower bounds of the time period between two consecutive events are also obtained, so that the closed-loop impulsive systems are free of Zeno behavior. That is to say that the pulse phenomena are excluded from the event-triggered impulsive control systems, in the community of impulsive differential equations. An illustrative example demonstrates effectiveness of the proposed algorithms and our theoretical results.


Ideal for use in rapid-response arenas, this dynamic how-to guide helps you identify many ECG abnormalities and choose the best intervention. Introductory chapters address simple concepts needed to evaluate normal 12-lead ECGs; subsequent chapters present specialized criteria needed to interpret abnormal ECGs. New to this edition are: a chapter on arrhythmias, which defines the essentials of correct interpretation for many common cardiac rhythm disorders; and clearer ECG strips that help you differentiate between normal variations and clinically significant abnormalities. Hundreds of easy-to-understand color diagrams link anatomic information with ECG findings. This is a Brandon-Hill recommended title.


Despite the fact that around 20000 cups of coffee per second are produced worldwide (making coffee the second most-traded commodity in the world), coffee extraction is not well understood yet. This Engineering Doctorate Thesis seeks to advance the fundamental engineering understanding of coffee extraction. This aim is based on the current need of industry to optimise soluble coffee process (as stress on water and energy is increasing), and the growing popularity of On-Demand coffee systems.
The macrostructure, microstructure and extraction parameters of roast and ground coffee were investigated. The findings from this study were used in a multi-scale extraction model that portrays the extraction of coffee soluble solids as the combination of phenomena taking place at the particle scale (~μm), and the packed bed scale (~cm). Effective diffusion coefficients in the range of 10\(^-\)\(^1\)\(^1\) m\(^2\) s\(^-\)\(^1\) were shown to offer the better fit to experimental data if a single effective diffusion coefficient is to be used. The model was shown to predict literature extraction data for caffeine, chlorogenic acids and trigonelline in espresso coffees. A new methodology to estimate the permeability of roast and ground coffee in steady state was also developed. Permeability values resulted to lie between 10\(^-\)\(^1\)\(^3\)-10\(^-\)\(^1\)\(^4\) m\(^2\).


The present paper defines the solution of BBGKY chain of quantum kinetic equation for a system of different type of particles interacting via contact potential through soliton solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation.


Chemical sensing in remote, hostile environments is possible with optical fiber technology. Telecommunications optical fiber transmits light in the near-infrared region. The least amount of attenuation of transmitted power is between 1050 nm and 1600 nm. It is a natural step to apply near-infrared analysis techniques to data remotely collected over optical fibers. A feasibility study is conducted to see how well calibration techniques, Multiple Linear Regression with either Step-up search or All Possible Combinations search, perform in the fiber optic region of the near-infrared. Calibration in the 1131–1531 nm region is compared to calibration in the 1131–2531 nm region. The latter region is considered more information-rich than the former. In spite of this, examination of the predictive power of calibration models formed strictly from fiberoptic-region absorbance data indicates that this region contains useful analytical informaton.


As a result of the development of new communication technology, distance education has become a rapidly growing area over the last few decades. Market and commercial pressures are major factors in its developing impact. Distance education has also been applied to social work education. Because it is a small field it may be both positively and negatively affected. Social work education requires face-to-face communication training. Educators need to respond to the limitations of distance education technologies and processes to provide for cultural and linguistic diversity, through openness to joint work across different cultures, anti-standardisation and -discrimination, reflexivity, user control and resources, and cultural and language translation.


The general design, main components, and applications of the SPOT satellite system are briefly discussed with emphasis on defence applications. With its 10-m resolution in panchromatic mode, SPOT-1, launched in 1986, is particularly valuable in the fields of detection and reconnaissance. The fineness of resolution is supplemented by thematic processing resources applicable to digital optronic data. The system's operating method offers, at minimum cost, a means of rapidly accessing a wide area, updating information, and renewing information through repeat imagery. The possiblity of obtaining stereopairs by viewing a given point from different angles (+/- 27 deg) allows 3D viewing.


This note is intended to record an unconformity in the Federation Peak district of south-west Tasmania, which has not been previously reported. The unconformity is well exposed in a small creek in burnt-out country at a point approximately 1000 yards east of the junction of the West and South Cracroft Rivers. The locality is included on aerial photographs Nos. 1673, 1674 of Run. 15, PICTON. The older formation has a prominent schistosity dipping to the N.N.E. at from 45° to 60°. Localised puckering of this schistosity is common and at some places another planar structure is evident. Rock types in this older formation include quartz schists, mica schists and sheared conglomerates. The younger formation dips to the S.S.W. at 35°. It is composed of well-bedded white quartzites with occasional very thin eonglomerates. Elsewhere, as on Mt. Hopetoun, this formation of well-bedded quartzites displays common eurrent-bedding and ripple mark. The unconformity is illustrated in the photograph (Plate I, Fig. 1)' and its position is shown on the aecompanying sketch map (text. fig. 1):


We investigated the suitability of lanthanum lutetium oxide (LaLuO3) as a gate dielectric by fabricating InAs nanowire field-effect transistors. The LaLuO3 layer was deposited by employing pulsed laser deposition. On transistors with a 1.6 µm long gate, a maximum transconductance of 11 µS at a source–drain bias voltage of 0.5 V was measured, while the threshold voltage had a value of −4.5 V. Owing to the complete coverage of the InAs nanowire by the LuLuO3 layer no significant leakage current was found. On a transistor with a 240 nm long gate short-channel effects were observed. The transfer characteristics showed a hysteretic behavior, which is attributed to charging of states at the InAs/LaLuO3 interface. We found that the threshold voltage gets reduced considerably when the temperature was decreased to 25 K. At this temperature the hysteresis in the transfer characteristics showed no dependence on the sweep rate.


Infrared emissivity is one of the most important factors for the temperature measurement by infrared thermography. Although the infrared emissivity of an object can be measured from the ratio of blackbody and the object, at room temperature it is practically difficult to measure the value due to the background effects. Hence, quantitative reflectance of bare steel plate and the surface of coating was measured by FT-IR spectroscopy and emissivity was calculated from this. The emissivity of polished bare steel surface was from 0.06 to 0.10 and the value for the unpolished bare steel can not be achieved because optical characteristics changes of surface roughness induces erroneous results. Emissivity of transparent paint coated steel was from 0.50 to 0.84. Depends on the IR absorption regions, which is a characteristic value of the coating, emissivity changes. This study suggests surface condition of material, thickness, roughness et cetra are important factor for IR optical characteristics. Emissivity measurement by reflection method is useful technique to be applied for metal and it with coating applied on the surface. The range of experimental errors of temperature can be narrowed by the application of infrared thermography from the measured thermal emissivity.


Based on a theoretical concept that distinguishes different dilemma types, the article identifies and analyses dilemma situations that arose for the international UN-led peace-building operation in its efforts to combat organised crime in post-war Kosovo. In order to cope with the various dilemmas that arose, the international peace-building operation engaged in compromises that entailed strategic trade-offs. Dilemmas and respective trade-offs in decision-making pertain to the fields of post-conflict security, political inclusion of post-conflict stakeholders, disarmament and demobilization, transfer of ownership, rule of law and local economy.


Type K thermocouples were exposed at some temperatures in order to estimate their E.M.F. drift and inhomogeneity. About 3/spl deg/C E.M.F. drift was observed at 700/spl deg/C exposure. And over 10/spl deg/C E.M.F. change caused by inhomogeneity was also observed at 800/spl deg/C exposure. It is dangerous for type K thermocouples to calibrate at around 800/spl deg/C.


Summary Stand stem volume yield prediction models are presented for six eucalypt species Eucalyptus regnans F. Muell., E. obliqua L'Her., E. delegatensis R. Baker. E. pilularis Smith, E. grandis Hill ex Maiden and E. diversicolor F. Muell. The data set used was collected over many years by eight of the major forestry agencies of Australia. It included data only from fully stocked, monospecific stands which had received no major natural or unnatural disturbance throughout their life-times. The bulk of the data was collected from regrowth forest, but some data from plantation forest were also included. The data did not sample formally or fully the entire area of natural occurrence of the six species. These data limitations must be borne in mind when applying the models. A site-index equation is developed for each species and these are then used in developing the stand stem volume yield prediction models which were based on the commonly used Schumacher model. The models are then used to compare growth rates ...


ABSTRACT Despite ample evidence about the value of reading strategies in developing learners' comprehension skills and overall academic literacy, there continues to be very little explicit and continuous reading strategy instruction in classrooms, and teachers remain reluctant to take it on.Acompounding factor seems to be that, at a teacher-training level, little attention is paid to the professional development of comprehension instruction. This study investigates to what extent student teachers' own use of reading strategies transfers to their teaching. A group of 61 student teachers were asked to read a text and complete a survey identifying the reading strategies they applied. They then compiled comprehension lesson plans which were analysed for evidence of strategy use. The results show that teachers' strategy use does not transfer to their teaching. This emphasises the need for the explicit teaching of comprehension development skills at teacher training level.


a Department of Environmental Research, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania b Department of Nuclear Research, Center for Physical Sciences and Technology, Savanorių 231, 02300 Vilnius, Lithuania c Physical Oceanography Department, Institute of Oceanology PAS, Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL-81-712 Sopot, Poland d Centre for Isotope Research (CIO), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands Email: firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective To investigate the changes of gene P53、bcl-2、bax expression and study the role on cell apoptosis in placenta with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.Methods Light-microscope、TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) and immuno-histochemistry methods were used for 32 placental samples with ICP and 18 normal placental samples to detect apoptosis and the expression of p53、bcl-2 and bax.Results ①There was significant more infarct in the placenta of ICP patients.②Apoptosis index in placental cytotrophoblast,syncytitrophoblast,decidual cells and mediate cells in ICP group was corresponding as 42.72±23.73;45.34±21.97;23.03±27.10;34.13±22.49,which is significant higher than that in the control group 9.80±9.06;11.20±8.39;4.33±7.69;5.53±7.65(P0.01).There was no significant difference of p53/bcl-2 and bax gene express in ICP placenta.Conclusion The infarct and apoptosis of ICP is higher than the normal pregnancy placenta.There maybe a relationship between prenatal infants mortality of ICP and infarct and cell apoptosis in placenta.The placenta cell apoptosis is p53 independent and also there was no relationship with bcl-2、bax gene.


Spin Hall effect (SHE) and its inverse effect(iSHE) are promising ways to generate and to detect spin currents, respectively. The spin Hall angle θSH is a measure of the conversion efficiency between charge current and spin current. Various methods to evaluate θSH has been demonstrated, such as spin pumping [1], harmonic measurement [2] and lateral spin valve [3]. Recently, SHE tunneling spectroscopy (SHT) [4] was proposed as an alternative way to evaluate θSH. In this method, iSHE signal is obtained via tunneling spin polarized currents, which is applicable for not only metals but also topological insulators [5]. However, the validity of the method is still unclear. In this study, we demonstrate the detailed spin dependent transport mechanism in spin Hall effect tunneling devices.


The article presents the results of experimental researches of biologically active components in cereal cultures. We have designed several powder-like sublimed food compositions with increased content of cellulose and natural biologically active substances. These compositions, based on oat bran (the 1 st group) and on barley germs (the 2 nd group), are enriched with vegetable and fruit-and-berry additives. The vegetable, fruit and cereal cellulose combined in a designed composition would allow obtaining the new food mixtures with sufficient content of pectin substances, hemicelluloses, lignin and other biologically active substances contained in raw materials. Henceforth, these compositions can be recommended to use in different branches of food industry.


Objective To evaluate the effect of naoxintong capsule combined with hydergine in the treat-ment of vascular congnitive impairment(VCI).Methods Total 134 VCI patients were enrolled in the study,di-vided into two groups at random.Naoxintong capsule and Hydergine were given in the treatment group and Hydergine was solely used in the control group.Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) and event-related po-tential P300 cognitive functions were used to evaluate their cognitive function before and after the treatment.Results In the treatment group,the MMSE scores was increased and P300 peak latency was decreased signifi-cantly(P0.05) than the control group.Conclusion Naoxintong capsule combined with hydergine is effective in the treatment of VCI,The efficacy may be better than that of solely used hydergine.


At atmospheric pressure,the influences of different types of additive gases(N2,He,Ar,H2,NH3,CO,CO2) on the transformation of low carbon alkanes(CH4,C2H6 and C3H8) to light alkenes via the dielectric barrier discharge non-equilibrium plasma(DBD plasma) method were investigated.Results show that the additive gases have different effects on the reaction.For CH4 or C2H6,the conversion and selectivity of feedstock increase with the introduction of N2,He,Ar,CO.While CO2,NH3 and H2 have no obvious effect to conversion of feedstock but NH3 and H2 inhibit the selectivity obviously.As for C3H8 feedstock,the conversion can be enhanced by all the additive gases mentioned above,while the selectivity decreased in different degrees except CO.Among these additive gases,80%(molar fraction) CO exhibits the best activity both for the feedstock conversion and selectivity of total alkenes.The conversion of CH4,C2H6 and C3H8 increase by 14.4%,17.6% and 42.8%,respectively,and the corresponding selectivity of total alkenes increase by 19.9%,25.0% and 11.9%,respectively.Studies on in situ optical emission spectroscopy(OES) and current waveform of discharge show that the introduction of CO can not only increase the electron density of plasma,but also generate the excited oxygen atoms(777.5 and 844.7 nm),the latter can effectively facilitate the C—H cleavage of methane to the formation of ethylene.Therefore,the existence of excited oxygen atoms and the increased electron density of plasma may be the main reasons to cause the effective transformation of methane to light alkenes when CO as additive gas.


Picosecond coherent excitation and probing techniques are employed to measure the temperature dependence of the dephasing times (T2) of the very weak 2υ2 two-vibron bound states in solid nitrous oxide and of the composite {υ2 + υ41} bound state in crystalline ammonium chloride. These results highlight the importance of the strength of Fermi resonance on two-phonon dynamics in crystals.


Research on immigrant entrepreneurs in the United States has focused on small businesses in the retail and food service sectors rather than on high-technology start ups. Scholarship on women and immigrants in the U.S. science and technology workforce has focused on academia rather than scientists in industry. This article aims to bridge the gaps in these two literatures by examining the role of women and immigrants in founding science-based biotechnology firms. This research thus speaks to the sociological perspective on power inequalities for women and foreign-born people in entrepreneurship and in the U.S. science and technology workforce. Opportunities and barriers vary by organizational context, and the flexibility of the biotechnology industry has previously been found to benefit female scientists. But what of foreign-born scientists and women who play founding roles in biotech firms? A survey conducted of 261 biotechnology firms located in Massachusetts and New England in 2006 provides the data. The results show that 42% of the firms had at least one foreign-born founder, and 21% of firms had at least one female founder. These numbers suggest that foreign-born life scientists are well represented and female life scientists are somewhat underrepresented in founding roles in biotech. The role of entrepreneurs who have the double status of female immigrants is less clear and needs further study. The research finds significant variation in biotech entrepreneurship of immigrants by their world region of origin. Interviews supplement the survey data to illustrate the barriers and opportunities for foreign-born biotech entrepreneurs.


Creep is defined as time-dependent deformation and rupture processes taking place within a material subjected to a constant applied stress smaller than its athermal, time-independent strength. This time-dependence is classically attributed to thermal activation of local deformation events. The phenomenology of creep is characterized by several ubiquitous but empirical rheological and scaling laws. We focus here on primary creep following the onset of loading, for which a power law decay of the strain-rate is observed, with the exponent p varying between '0.4 and 1, this upper bound defining the so-called logarithmic creep. Although this phenomenology is known for more than a century, the physical origin of Andrade-like (p<1) creep remains unclear and debated. Here we show that p<1 values arise from the interplay between thermal activation and elastic stress redistribution. The latter stimulates creep dynamics from a shortening of waiting times between successive events, is associated to material damage and possibly, at high temperature and/or stresses, gives rise to avalanches of deformation events.


total of 362 cases diagnosed with classical signs and symptoms of Amavata have been taken in to study and observed for various nidana found among them. There are general information collected along with nidana and lakshana based on Case Record Proforma (CRF) specially prepared for the purpose. The selection of sample was cross sectional and study was retrospective. The selected sample was distributed based on various factors and analyzed as below. Table no 6.1: Distribution of the selected sample by age groups and gender and results of test statistics


This paper probes into the social functions of archives,and expounds how to give full play to the social functions of archives.


Capillary vapor-phase chromatography and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) have been used to elucidate the structure of poly(ethylene ether carbonate) diols and certain intermediates produced by the oligomerization of ethylene carbonate (EC) using monoethylene glycol (MEG) or diethylene glycol (DEG) as initiator and catalyzed by sodium stannate trihydrate. These diols are alternating copolymers of carbon dioxide and DEG which also contain smaller amounts of higher glycols as determined by comparing their 13C NMR spectra to the spectra of model compounds. Diethylene glycol is an important reaction intermediate and is present in steady-state concentrations. Although both 2-hydroxyethyl carbonate and 2-hydroxyethyl ether end groups are present at an intermediate stage in the reaction, only 2-hydroxyethyl ether end groups are present at high EC conversion. Molecular weight builds as a smooth function of conversion and time.


In recent years and at the sphere of the market economy,appear illegalities such as the black curtain of the negotiable securities's operation and the deceitfully false advertisements,they injure the fair and justice of the market economy,and disdain the sacred authority of the constitution and law.It is essential to provide for people its possession of the national treatment according to the principle of rights belonging to the people given by the constitution.


Haemostasis is a complex physiological process of blood clot formation at the site of vessel injury to control bleeding. The haemostatic response is quick, localized and well regulated. During haemostasis, three steps occur simultaneously in a rapidorder, including vasoconstriction, generation of a platelet plug (primary haemostasis) and activation of the coagulation process (secondary haemostasis), leading to fibrin clot formation.1 This insoluble fibrin forms amesh incorporated into and around the platelet plug to strengthen and stabilize the clot. Different laboratory tests can be used to monitor haemostatic status, including pro-thrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, factor activity, platelet count and function, fibrin degradation products (FDPs; also known as fibrin split products) and D-dimers (DD). Historically, DD have been used as one of the indicators of thrombotic states such as venous thromboembolism (VTE).


Peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) trees defoliated from mid-July to late September of 1972 were observed in March of 1973. There was a relationship between foliation following defoliation and bloom delay the following spring. Trees defoliated on or before August 15, 1972 bloomed later than those not defoliated or trees defoliated after that date. Trees defoliated on August 29 were intermediate in bloom delay and trees defoliated later bloomed with the control. Vegetative shoot length on trees defoliated on July 18 was less than that from trees defoliated on August 1 which was less than trees defoliated on August 15. Other treatments did not differ in vegetative shoot length from the control.


Educational Aims To explain the basic principles of telemedicine applicable to chronic respiratory diseases To review telemedicine interventions for patients with chronic respiratory diseases To outline the advantages and limitations (including cost and barriers to implementation) of telemedicine for patients with chronic respiratory diseases To propose recommendations for clinical management of patients receiving telemedicine for chronic respiratory diseases


Recent research has emphasized the role of historical institutions in explaining variation in contemporary development. However, empirical research in this vein has assumed a geographically homogenous treatment of national institutions on sub national regions. Drawing on both contemporary and historical theory of urban systems, this paper argues there is in fact reason to believe that the effect of national institutions is likely to vary across space within a country. Specifically, the effect of de jure national representative institutions is likely to vary based on a region's distance from its government or capital city. However, theory suggests that the direction of the effect of distance is ambiguous, as distance can lead to worse de facto institutions and thus growth by undermining the regions 'voice', or improve de facto institutions by facilitation 'exit'. Heterogeneity in the effect of national representative institutions are tested on panel data set of European cities for the period 1500-1800. The results indicate that autocratic institutions were likely to have had a stronger negative association with city growth for those cities close to their polity's capital in the early part of this period, but the direction of this association had reversed by the eve of the industrial revolution. This temporal heterogeneity may have been due to changes in transportation costs, and thus state capacity over this period.


Objectives To investigate two different doses of oral estradiol to reduce the number of hot flushes in Japanese women with climacteric symptoms. Methods Women (n = 211) aged 40–64 years who had experienced natural menopause or bilateral oophorectomy, with ≥ three moderate/severe hot flushes per day in the week before study, were randomized to receive micronized estradiol (E2) 0.5 or 1.0 mg or placebo once daily for 8 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was percentage change in mean daily number of hot flushes over 7 days from baseline to final examination. Results Percentage change in mean daily number of hot flushes at final examination was similar for E2 0.5 mg and E2 1.0 mg (−79.58 ± 28.29% vs. −82.49 ± 25.31%, p = 0.555) but was significantly lower with placebo (−57.89 ± 34.15%, p < 0.001 vs. E2, both doses). There was no significant difference in number of treatment-related adverse events occurring in the E2 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups (25% and 36.6%, respectively). The higher E2 dose showed more pronounced effects on symptom severity. Conclusions The dose of 0.5 mg/day was effective as the oral E2 starting dose for treatment of hot flushes in Japanese women.


In this thesis, we adapt an approach by assuming quantum mechanics as a fundamental theory of nature and attempt to recover familiar concepts such as space-time geometry and gravity from quantum wavefunctions and their unitary evolutions. More specifically, we explore a number of approaches in "geometrizing" quantum systems using techniques such as tensor networks and manifold learning. We find that consistency conditions in quantum gravity can be used to put constraints on tensor network models that approximate the anti-de Sitter/Conformal Field Theory correspondence. Furthermore, quantum circuits and tensor networks can also be used to describe cosmological models and reproduce important features of space-time configurations such as de Sitter space. We find that a generic framework using quantum circuit to describe cosmology puts an upper bound on the number of e-folds during the inflationary phase of the Universe's expansion. In addition to tensor network models, we also propose a Bulk Entanglement Gravity framework that analyzes the entanglement data of a quantum state in a Hilbert space without any a priori assumptions on geometry, such as the likes of a boundary conformal field theory. We find that from an amorphous configuration, one can directly recover geometry of bulk space-time from a generic class of wavefunctions that is fully characterized in this thesis via quantum entropy cone techniques. We find that under a number of assumptions, it is possible to derive linearized Einstein's equation from a version of Jacobson's entanglement equilibrium conditions for an emergent spacetime geometry in the weak field limit near Minkowski space. We show that non-local entanglement perturbations display features of wormhole-like configurations. We also clarify connections between Bulk Entanglement Gravity and highly generic features in quantum error correction codes that can be used to derive gravity.


A charger, comprising an input terminal and an output terminal having a controller, a first terminal (first terminal) of the battery pack is connected to the controller, the wiring to the first terminal and the input terminal of the controller connecting lines between, and a current source connected to the controller to provide power to the battery pack. The current source supplies power to the battery pack via the connecting line. The controller transmits through the output terminal to the connection line pulse signal, so that the controller can presence or absence of the pulse signal input terminal of the controller which determines whether the battery pack and the charger and connection.


Conflict avoidance plays a crucial role in guaranteeing the airspace safety. The current approaches mostly focusing on short-term which eliminate conflicts via local adjustment cannot provide global solution. Recently, the long-term conflict avoidance approach under the 4D-Trajectory (4DT) operation environment, is proposed to give solutions in a global view. However, with consideration of China air route network and thousands of flights plan, the problem is a large-scale combinatorial optimization problem with complex constraints which is hard to deal with. In this work, we present a strategic conflict avoidance approach based on memetic algorithm with a specially designed local search operator and an effective local search frequency strategy to improve the solution quality. Further, a fast genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted as the global optimization method. Empirical studies using real data of China air route network and daily flight plans show that our approach outperformed the existing approaches, the genetic algorithm based approach and the cooperative coevolution based approach.


This study aims to determine the students' mathematical communication skills in the system of two-variable linear equations material. The subjects in this study were 8th grade students who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The method used in this research is descriptive. The data obtained from the students' mathematical communication skills test consisting of 2 essay items including 3 indicators of mathematical communication skills, namely, drawing (expressing ideas into the form of images, graphs or diagrams), written text (providing the mathematical explanations in the correct language), and mathematical expression (making mathematical expressions). The test was given to 30 students of 8th grade at SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Bandar Lampung. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively to get a comprehensive picture related to the students' mathematical communication skills. The results showed that the percentage of the achievement in each indicator of students was classified as low. This can be seen from the percentage of the achievement of the students' mathematical communication indicators interpreted as follows, namely 1) drawing at 22%, 2) written text at 55%, and 3) mathematical expression at 12%.


An efficient catalytic enantioselective fluorination of tert-butoxycarbonyl lactones and lactams is reported. Reactions of the lactone substrates proceeded smoothly in an alcoholic solvent with a catalytic amount of chiral Pd(II) complex. In the case of the less acidic lactam substrates, concurrent use of the Pd complex and 2,6-lutidine as a cocatalyst was effective. Under the reaction conditions, the fluorinated lactones and lactams were obtained in good yield with excellent enantioselectivity (94-99% ee).


Newly recruited early juveniles of the shore crab Carcinus maenas in North Wales are most abundant on the high intertidal of gravelly shores and, unlike adults, they do not undertake up-and-down shore migration with tides. Freshly collected first and second instar juvenile crabs showed persistent circatidal rhythms of moulting when maintained in constant laboratory conditions. Peaks of moulting occurred around expected times of high tides, with few crabs moulting at other times. The circatidal moulting patterns were similar in crabs collected at different stages of the neap-spring cycle. Daily monitoring of moulting in the laboratory of 23 batches of early crabs, collected from the high intertidal at 1 to 3 d intervals over 2 spring-neap cycles, further showed a marked circasemilunar moulting pattern superimposed on the tidal moulting rhythms. Significantly more crabs moulted within 24 h after collection when collected during spring tides than when collected at neaps. Moreover, the daily percentage moulting of the crabs on consecutive days after collection clearly followed the trend of predicted tidal height changes. Crabs collected on days of increasing tidal amplitude showed increasing moulting rates on the days after collection, whilst a decreasing trend of daily moulting rate was found if they were collected on days of decreasing tidal amplitude. For crabs collected at minimum neaps, when water did not reach the high intertidal even at high tides, virtually no moulting took place on the following days. Moulting at high tide, particularly during spring high tides, appears to be an adaptation to a high intertidal habitat which is only inundated at certain times during semilunar and tidal cycles. For C. maenas early juveniles, which remain in the high intertidal even when tides recede, anticipation of the rising and falling of tides through endogenous physiological programming to avoid ecdysis at the time exposed to air has clear adaptive value. The coupling of circatidal and circasemilunar moulting rhythms, and their endogenous control, reported in the present study appears to be the first demonstration of such a phenomenon in a crustacean.


The aim of the study was to review the late term results of coronary endarterectomy in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery performed in our institution Between 1996 and 2006, 48 patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery and coronary endarterectomy were retrospectively studied. The mean age was 58,8±9,8 years. Twenty-four patients (50%) were Canadian Cardiovascular Society class III or IV. Twenty-eight patients (58%) had impaired left ventricular function. Sixteen patients (%33) had Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Twenty-nine patients (60%) underwent endarterectomy of left anterior descending artery and 17 patients (35%) underwent endarterectomy of right coronary artery. Seven patients (15%) underwent full arterial revascularization. The early mortality rate was 6,3% (n=3). Two patients (4.2%) suffered from postoperative myocardial infarction, and 2 patients (4.2%) required postoperative intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. Mean intensive care unit stay was 2,29±1,27 days. Patients were extubated after a mean of 11±6 hours. The mean length of hospital stay was 9±6 days. Four patients (8,3%) had postoperative atrial fibrillation, and a mean of 1,21±1,35 units of blood were transfused postoperatively. There was three (%6,3) reopening for bleeding, and 4 (%8,3) patients required positive inotropic support. The median follow-up was 117±4,65 months, 85,5% of patients were angina free, and at the 27.2 ± 18,32 months follow up period 12 control coronary angiogram showed that 85% of total grafts were patent.


Intelligent textiles and clothing - a part of our intelligent ambience Methods and models for intelligent garment design. Part 1 Phase change material: Introduction to phase change materials Intelligent textiles with PCMs The use of phase change materials in outdoor clothing. Part 2 Shape memory materials: Introduction to shape memory materials Temperature sensitive shape memory polymers for smart textile applications Development of shape memory alloy fabrics for composite structures Study of shape memory polymer films for breathable textiles Engineering textile and clothing aesthetics using shape changing materials. Part 3 Chromic and conductive materials: Introduction to chromic materials Solar textiles, production and distribution of electricity coming from solar radiation Introduction to conductive materials Formation of electrical circuits in textile structures Stability enhancement of polypyrrole coated textiles Electrical, morphological and electromechanical properties of conductive polymers fibres (yarns) Multipurpose textile based sensors Textile micro system technology. Part 4 Applications: Wear care - usability of intelligent materials in work wear Intelligent textiles for medical and monitoring applications Context aware textiles for wearable health assistants Intelligent garments in pre-hospital emergency care Intelligent textiles for children Wearable biofeedback systems Applications for woven electrical fabrics.


Abstract The composition, abundance, and distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts in recent sediments were analyzed at 12 sites in Bahía Concepción in the subtropical Gulf of California. Calcareous and organic Peridiniales, Gonyaulacales, and Gymnodiniales were identified at species level (25 cyst types). Empty cysts constituted 75–90% of cysts in the samples. Cyst assemblages were dominated by calcareous Peridiniales (30–70%) and Gonyaulacales (13–44%), represented mainly by Scrippsiella trochoidea and Lingulodinium polyedrum. In the first centimeter of sediment, cyst counts varied from 173 to 9, 933 cysts g−1 wet weight, and increased in abundance in the inner area of the bay. Cysts of the toxic species Gymnodinium catenatum were also detected, and successful cyst germination of Alexandrium margalefii is described. Cyst abundance and distribution patterns suggest that the bay acts as a cyst trap, and that the cyst assemblages reflect the local community of meroplanktonic dinoflagellates.