This research originated from a data base of two forest inventories at 100%, carried out in 1984 and 2000 on an area of 576 hectares of an upland primary forest, located in the National Forest of Tapajos, in Belterra, Para, Brazil. The objective of the research was to use exploratory data analysis and robust regression for modeling diameter and basal area growths. In the two inventories, circumference breast height (CBH)-cm, was measured with a common tape; the commercial heights were measured with a Weise hypsometer in 1984 and, estimated with the use of sticks in 2000. The minimum DBH was 55 cm in 1984 and 35 cm in 2000, for all species. The statistical analyses were preceded by exploratory data analysis (EDA), where the box plot was used for outliers detection, and the stem-and-leaf graph to filter the extreme observations. Robust regression was used to adjust the models in the outliers presence. This research showed that, in spite of the intra and inter specific variations the six species together presented an observed and expected growth rate in diameter and basal area of 4,56 and 4.28 mm/year and 13.00 and 13.09 cm2/ha/year, respectively. It was also shown that the use of exploratory data analysis and robust regression made possible the analysis and determination of periodic increments in diameter and basal area in a consistent way. The methodology used for the available data and variable types was found to be more efficient when using robust regression for the method Least Trimmed Square than for the ordinary minimum square method.


partner-airlines of the Star Alliance that drove the upgrading of the internal information system. Throughout the book, however, the reader gets the contrary impression that internal forces did so; a discussion about the agents of change would have been illuminating. The author suggests that Chandler's finding that "structure follows strategy" was no longer entirely valid during the 1980s and 1990s; in spite of changes of strategy, it was quite tough to achieve the necessary organizational adjustment, since organizational design was much deeper rooted in fields of social interest and technology than in concepts of strategy. While this surely was true for SAS, it might be different in other enterprises, especially outside Scandinavia, where social interests are less well defended. However, in general his suggestion is sound that the Fordist model of production in a multi-unit and bureaucratic corporation has already given way (in the case of SAS) or is still in a process of major erosion (with other firms), based on technological change. The book is a major step forward in business history. It represents not only the first scholarly treatment of this important airline, but more important, it shows how the combination of the history of technology and business history can be used to achieve impressive results in both fields simultaneously. Frequent comparisons with competing airlines, including their economic results, market share and IT systems, make the book even more interesting, since we can take SAS's development in this sector more or less as representative of the whole branch of industry.


During the past decade, parallelism-related issues have been at the forefront of real-time systems research due to the advent of multicore technologies. In the coming years, such issues will loom ever larger due to increasing core counts. Having more cores means a greater potential exists for platform capacity loss when the available parallelism cannot be fully exploited. In this paper, such capacity loss is considered in the context of real-time locking protocols. In this context, lock nesting becomes a key concern as it can result in transitive blocking chains that force tasks to execute sequentially unnecessarily. Such chains can be quite long on a larger machine. Contention-sensitive real-time locking protocols have been proposed as a means of "breaking" transitive blocking chains, but such protocols tend to have high overhead due to more complicated lock/unlock logic. To ease such overhead, the usage of lock servers is considered herein. In particular, four specific lock-server paradigms are proposed and many nuances concerning their deployment are explored. Experiments are presented that show that, by executing cache hot, lock servers can enable reductions in lock/unlock overhead of up to 86%. Such reductions make contention-sensitive protocols a viable approach in practice. 2012 ACM Subject Classification Computer systems organization → Real-time systems, Computer systems organization → Embedded and cyber-physical systems, Software and its engineering → Mutual exclusion, Software and its engineering → Real-time systems software, Software and its engineering → Synchronization, Software and its engineering → Process synchronization


by reintroduced 225-230. As part of a program to recover the peregrine falcon Falco peregrinus in the southeastern U.S. we recorded perching behaviour with the objective of characterizing perches used in the reintroduction area. We used a site-attribute design and logistic regression to compare characteristics between used and non-used perches. Peregrines used pines Pinus spp. exclusively, while pines comprised 78 % of available trees. Perches were larger than non-used trees (diameter at breast height in cm (in x¯ 6 SD); 29.2 6 15.7 and 23.9 6 10.3), in more advanced stages of decay (2.5 6 1.5 and 1.5 6 1.1 (index)), and usually dominant in crown class (1.5 6 0.6 and 1.7 6 0.5 (index)). Perches were always on cliff plateaus and tended to be situated in sites with a less even canopy (0.5 6 0.3 and 0.7 6 0.2 (index)) and fewer deciduous stems (1.8 6 3.4 and 2.3 6 2.3 (stem density)) than non-used trees. These attributes depict selection of perches that provide un-obstructed flight paths, good visibility, and a capacity to detect and respond rapidly to stimuli.


In this paper the erosional process of northeastern coastal Attica is studied. The alpine formation, usually Mesozoic limestones and the post-alpine deposits such as conglomerates, sandstones and marl-limestones characterize the geology of this area,


There are now four low mass X-ray binaries with black holes which show twin resonant-like HFQPOs. Similar QPOs might have been found in Sgr A*. I review the power spectral density distributions of the three X-ray flares and the six NIR flares published for Sgr A* so far, in order to look for more similarities than just the frequencies between the microquasar black holes and Sgr A*. The three X-ray flares of Sgr A* are re-analysed in an identical way and white noise probabilities from their power density distributions are given for the periods reported around 1100 s. Progress of the resonant theory using the anomalous orbital velocity effect is summarized.


As a reader of literary discourse, one endeavours to explore and understand the similarities with and differences from the other in that literary discourse is laden with the authors' and characters'/speakers' experiences. Readers allow themselves either a centripetal or a centrifugal reading with reference to their implication in the text and to their different backgrounds. As a result, this view created binary oppositions such as the self versus the other, male versus female and oppressor versus oppressed. Therefore, the study of literary discourse should attempt to generate a horizontal account for human relationships beyond any vertical social, cultural, racial, sexual and even ideological considerations.


Unemployment levels have been falling steadily in Australia for some time, yet, when 'hidden' unemployment is taken into account, the work force remains considerably under-utilised. As well, work opportunities are sharply polarised across households and spatially. These problems stem largely from structural imbalances and inefficiencies in the job market, which are impeding fuller workforce participation. The government has a number of policy alternatives to choose from, all potentially effective in enhancing participation but with quite different distribution outcomes. The real debate is not about how to reduce core joblessness (the solutions are well known), but who should pay.


A tripling efficiency of 2% is reported for the CO/sub 2/ R(6) line at 9.35 ..mu..m. Processes that may potentially limit the conversion efficiency are discussed.


Distributed power system models aim to combine multi-source sensor device data with power grid monitoring and control data to improve the model accuracy. A software platform is essential that coordinates multiple data sources and integrates with the data communication and computation infrastructure. In this paper, we present a service-oriented coordination platform that exposes parallel programs as services and data sources as ports. We model services and ports by extending classes of standard common information model (CIM) for energy management and distribution management. These services are then coordinated based on the typed ports in the context of domain specific power system models. We demonstrate this platform with a use case of deploying distributed state estimation on the IEEE 118 bus model. Our contribution is building a service-oriented platform that provides power engineers an integrated environment for composing distributed power system models, disseminating data and launching high performance computing jobs.


conclusions with extreme advantage at the present juncture. Dr. Lee is an old pupil, aiid is now a colleague of mine, anid, although she is a quite independent entity, I find nothing inconsistent in her words with my statement that t'Lere exists no marked correlation between head size and intelligence, nor do I see that her statement makes Dr. Beddoe's reiterated assertion with regard to my views "practically correct." She several times repeats in her memoir the phrase absence of "marked correlation." To Dr. Gladstone my reply must be that it is absolutely impossible to compare in the matter of head measurements classes in the community having different standards of nourishment or different age-distributions. In the last Darenth statistics I have at hand the group of males from 20 to 25 formed one-third of the whole population between 20 and 45. They form no percentage at all of either the Middlesex Hospital or University College data which he quotes. The prime in head measurements is reached between 25 and 28 years in the male. In the next place, tlle University College staffbelongs to a class well nourished from infancy, the Darenth imbeciles in the bulk to a very poorly-nourished class, and the post-mortem Middlesex group probably to an intermediate class. On both grounds, therefore, comparison is impossible. We can only consider Dr. Gladstone's comparison of imbecile workers and non-workers. Is this anything peculiar to imbecile data? Allowing for the extreme paucity of Dr. Gladstone's measurements-he appears to have selected from possibly 600 males of 20 to 45 years, 200 of whom lie between 20 and 25, only 109 to measurethey agree with my own observations on between 4.000 and 5,000 normal individuals. We have reduced to standard age:


This paper simply introduces multi-scale analysis and target-tracking theory, presents a better solution for Px(t), with theoretical proof of the solution's correctness. Based on multi-scale analytical idea, combing the dynamic system analysis of movement model with wavelet transform method, this paper puts forward a multi-scale self-adaptive fusion tracking algorithm,and gives the concrete implementing steps of this algorithm, with simulation experiment. In the simulation experiment, makes a comparison between the algorithm and the traditional single-scale tracking method. And the theoretical proof and the experiment results prove the algorithm to be both feasible and effective. This algorithm adjusts tracking scale automatically according the state of model target. And it also can use detective data effectively and more accurately portray the variation of track. It avoids the disadvantages of single scale and realizes the tracking towards dynamic model. Comparing with the traditional single tracking method, this algorithm more fits the needs of target tracking and has practical value.


The paper reports the observations made on status of mycorrhiza in pine nurseries of dome areas of Orissa, Andbra Pardesh and Madhya Pradesh and grasslands of Tamil Nodu. Mycorrhizal infections are categorised into seven forms. Presence of mycorrhiza in each nursery is compared with the nursery practices followed. The mycorrhizal development in general was found erratic and inadequate in most cases probably due to insufficient quantity of mycorrhizal soil or high pH.


This paper presents the results related to finite element analysis (FEA) of simply supported reinforced concrete bridge deck of different span lengths (3 m to 10 m) and constant width of 12 m, with and without footpath under eleven possible Indian Road Congress (IRC) vehicle load cases. So, in total 88 no of cases were analyzed. Dimension of deck slabs are taken from standard drawings of the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways-1991. Under condition A (including footpath, carriageway-width 7.5 m), due to edge loading, maximum FEA bending moments are similar to IRC bending moments for the span up to 4 m for few cases. However, for larger spans, the IRC bending moments are less than FEA bending moments by 5 to 20%. Under condition B (without footpath, carriageway-width 9.6 m), due to edge loading, IRC bending moments are less than FEA bending moments by 4 to 30%. Under centered loading, the IRC bending moments are similar to FEA bending moments for span up to 4 m under few cases and less than FEA bending moments by 4 to 23% beyond 4 m. As per IRC, one lane of Class-70R or two lanes of Class-A and one lane of class-70R with one lane of class-A or 3 lanes of class-A are to be considered as design live load for condition A and B respectively. FEA result agrees with IRC for condition B but FEA design bending moment occurs under IRC Class-AA Wheeled load or Tracked load for condition A.


Researching an electric energy router and analyzing the control and operation characteristics are of significant importance for bi-high power system. In this study, a multi-modal two-level coordinated control strategy of multi-port electric energy router is proposed to achieve fast and flexible regulation of power flow. a prototype of multi-port energy router is trial-produced with an energy storage system, a sending-end power grid and a receiving-end power grid. Furthermore, a comprehensive dynamic test for the prototype of multi-port energy router is completed. The results show that the dynamic performance of the multi-port energy router in power step test is found to conform to the test standard. The charging and discharging modes of the energy storage unit under multi-modal control strategy are switched correctly. During the energy exchange process, multi-port AC/DC voltage operates stably. It can be applied to multi-port, multi-cascade, multi-flow distribution network.


Abstract— Black lipid membranes (BLM) were prepared from extracts of Chlorella and spinach chloroplasts. Excitation spectra of the 730 nm fluorescence of chlorophyll a in the BLM contained peaks identified as due to carotenoids and which therefore indicate sensitization of the chlorophyll fluorescence by them. The efficiency of this energy transfer was evaluated by comparison of the actual excitation spectra with those corresponding to 0 and 100 per cent transfer efficiency. Efficiencies were of the order of 40–50 per cent in BLM, but only 10 per cent in pigment solutions, when the mean distance between pigment molecules was 23 Å in both systems. The fluorescence quantum yield of chlorophyll a in such solutions was only 2 per cent of that found in BLM. Enhancement of energy transfer in BLM is considered to be mainly due to suppression of competing deactivation processes of excited carotenoid states, such as diffusional quenching by ground‐state molecules and internal conversion. Favorable orientation of pigment molecules in the BLM constitutes a further enhancement factor.


Since antiquity, since Homer's Odysseus sailed for Troy and after ten years of wandering came back to Ithaca, travel narratives have been firmly entrenched into the texture of world literature, and the claim that travel-writing is probably the oldest genre would not be an overstatement. People have always been fascinated by travels to distant foreign lands associated with unknown experiences and exciting adventures. But travel is not only a means of acquiring knowledge about the unknown "Other"; by travelling, we shape the world with our minds thus shaping ourselves. Travelling also means a journey of self-discovery. Homi Bhabha speaks about "re-creation of the self in the world of travel"1. Travelling means negotiating with cultural difference and cultural hybridity, with cross-cultural initiation and, probably, with one's own multiple identities opened up in the world of travel. These problematic issues are mirrored by travel writing in the form of a record of journeys, diaries, memoirs with the focus not


We have shown that conditional BER estimation extracted from FEC decoding is suitable for control of a 3-tap feedfoward equalisation (FFE). The acquisition and OSNR performance have been simulated with this type of feedback signal generation. The proposed method provides a cost efficient feedback signal generation.


A series of eight alkylaminoethanol esters of p -ethoxybenzoic acid were examined for local anesthetic activity on the rabbit cornea and frog sciatic nerve, for acute toxicity in mice, for irratancy on the rabbit cornea and by the trypan blue test in rabbits, and for their spasmolytic activity on the isolated rabbit ileum. In general, sciatic nerve block was hastened, irritancy was increased, acute toxicity increased, and duration of topical anesthesia decreased as the alkylamino portion of the molecule was enlarged.


Studies on the pharmacokinetic interaction between atazanavir and lopinavir with ritonavir (lopinavir/ritonavir) report contradictory results. We aimed to establish the in vivo interaction between these two protease inhibitors as well as the variables influencing drug exposure.


Cationic polyacrylamides (CPAMs) synthesized by thermal, ultrasonic, microwave, and UV initiation were characterized through magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The CPAMs for flocculation and dewatering of alum sludge produced through drinking water treatment were evaluated based on the residual turbidity of the supernatant, dry solid content, mean volume diameter and floc size distribution, fractal dimension of the flocs, and zeta potential as a function of flocculant dosage. Comparisons of the characteristics and performance of CPAMs synthesized through different initiation methods were systematically conducted. Flocculation and dewatering test results demonstrated that CPAMs synthesized through microwave and UV initiation had better flocculation performance and dewatering capability than those synthesized through thermal and ultrasonic initiation. All four CPAMs exhibited a similar final floc size distribution but different mean volume diameters and floc structures. The fractal dimension of the flocs and the zeta potential were in the following order: CPAM3 (microwave initiation) > CPAM4 (UV initiation) > CPAM1 (thermal initiation) > CPAM2 (ultrasonic initiation). Discussions on fractal dimension and zeta potential indicated that the electrostatic patches model and adsorption/bridging effect mechanisms played the main role in the formation of sludge flocs. Lastly, microwave and UV initiation were found to be alternative and recommendable initiation methods for the synthesis of CPAMs with improved flocculation performance and sludge dewatering capability. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44071.


We propose a method for fire flame detection that is suitable for modern surveillance systems. The algorithm performs automatic detection of flames and does not require adjusting its parameters. All color and shape features are calculated using integral images allowing changing search windows without increasing processing time drastically. The processing time is kept low via a combination of parallel processing on cores of the central processing unit and graphics processing unit. Detection does not rely on background subtraction; thus, it can resist camera jitter and rotation. The method was tested on a standard fire dataset. Experimental results confirm the reliability of the method and fast processing of 1920×1080 video sequences at 10 fps.


Objective:To observe the therapeutic effect of the method of clearing lung and descending stomach and its mechanism on gastroesophageal reflux cough(GERC).Method:125 cases of GERC were divided randomly into the treatment group(n=65) treated by the therapy of clearing lung and descending stomach(with a self-designed decoction) and the control group(n=60) treated with Omeprazole and Domperidone,and they were all treated for 12 weeks.Results:The total effective rate was 92.3% in the treatment group and 78.3% in the control group,with a significant difference between the two groups(P0.05),the curative effects in the treatment group were better than that in the control group.Conclusion:The TCM therapeutic method of treating lung and stomach simultaneously,clearing lung and descending stomach has significant therapeutic effect on GREC,especially it can provide a new way for the treatment of relative diseases with TCM.


Some of physical properties of polyvinyl alcohol dissolves in distilled water had been studied at different concentrations (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5% , 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%) gm./ml) before and after adding (1and 2 ) gm of MC for all concentrations , the mechanical properties such as ultrasonic velocity had been measured by ultrasonic waves system at frequency 25 KHz, other mechanical properties had been calculated such as absorption coefficient of ultrasonic waves, relaxation time, relaxation amplitude, specific acoustic impedance, compressibility and bulk modules. The results show that all these properties are increasing with the increase of the polymer concentration except compressibility is decreasing with increase the concentration; results show that when adding MC these properties are increasing except compressibility is decreasing. Results also shows that adding MC polymer to PVA enhances these properties as a result of high values after addition. Keywords : PVA solution, MC solution, mechanical properties, ultrasound technique.


Givone and Roesser [1] state a "two-dimensional" analog of the Cayley-Hamilton theorem: every square matrix satisfies its characteristic equation. Readers may be interested in a proof different from the one given in [1].


Impaired large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ (BK) channel function in smooth muscle cells (SMC) causes an increase in intracellular Ca2+ and vascular tone in arteries in hypertension. There have been few studies of BK channel function in venous SMC. Venomotor tone contributes to blood pressure (BP) regulation and increased venomotor tone occurs in human and experimental hypertension. Venous SMC BK channel function was studied using molecular, cellular and integrative approaches in normotensive rats. Unitary BK currents were recorded using inside‐out patches of myocytes from acutely isolated mesenteric veins (MV) SMCs. Currents were sensitive to voltage and [Ca2+]i. Whole cell recordings from MV SMCs revealed spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs). STOCs were blocked by TEA (1 mM) indicating that BK channels are functional in MV SMCs. Immunocytochemical and Western blot techniques confirmed the presence of BK channel α‐ and β1‐subunits in MV SMCs. Ex vivo studies of the exposed mesentery of anesthetized rats revealed that local block of BK channels by iberiotoxin (IBTX, 100 nM) caused greater constriction of MV compared to mesenteric arteries (MA). Acute inhibition of BK channels with IBTX (0.3 μM/kg, iv) in vivo increased arterial BP and reduced venous capacitance, measured as an increase in mean circulatory filling pressure (MCFP) in conscious rats. Increased MCFP caused by IBTX was more sustained than the increase in arterial BP. These data show that MV SMCs express functional BK channels which regulate venous tone. BK channels play a larger role in regulation of MV than MA tone. These data also show for the first time that BK channels contribute to the regulation of venous tone in vivo, since acute blockade with IBTX increased MCFP. (Supported by P01 HL070687)


We have demonstrated a fiber optical parametric amplifier (OPA) utilizing a highly nonlinear fiber, which allowed us to obtain substantial gain with only a 20-m length, over a 24-nm bandwidth, even though the pump was 49 nm from /spl lambda//sub 0/. The availability of such fibers should greatly facilitate the development of fiber OPAs for applications such as wavelength conversion, phase conjugation, and broadband amplification.


In the era of technology 4.0, a system is needed to support the development of a company, both in industry, education, and others to help solve problems. In this study, the authors used the Backpropagation Neural Network Algorithm in recognizing hyperthyroid disease patterns. In this study, in the recognition of hyperthyroid disease patterns. The author uses 11 data variables that will be trained using the back-propagation algorithm where the weighting is done randomly and the second data is trained using the backpropagation algorithm. In this study using Matlab application for processing. From the results of testing data derived from kaggle, namely hyperthyroid disease data above, we can see in the 2-2-1 architecture which shows that the target is reduced by the jst output that the SSE is 0.06571 which indicates that there is an increase in hyperthyroid disease activity in humans. From the data obtained, that the performance of artificial neural network calculations with the Backpropagation Algorithm is 86%. Can be seen by comparing the desired target with the prediction target.


How syntax, prosody and discourse do interface with each other is a recurrent question in modern linguistics. While strong inter-dependencies have been established for read speech, the question is more challenging in the context of truly spontaneous conversational speech. To our best knowledge, there is not yet a reliable resource for addressing this question from a quantitative viewpoint, at least for French language. We present in this paper the process of creation of such a resource. We started from the Corpus of Interactional Data (CID) [13] and organized an annotation campaign for marking prosodic phrasing, discourse segmentation and disfluencies tagging. Syntactic tagging and chunking have been produced automatically and the former had been manually corrected. We describe here the methodology, the challenges encountered and the results of the annotation campaign. Moreover, we evaluate the campaign and propose a reference dataset from the annotations produced. All the resources described are available trough Ortolang perennial language archive repository.


A study of students in the Nederlandse Filmakademie in Amsterdam is presented. Emphasis is on work orientation, & data were accumulated through verbal interviews & standardized questionnaires with 70 S's. 75% were M's & the average age was 23; the parents of 52% of the students paid for their own schooling, while 24% were dependent on scholarships. 53% came from the UMc, 32% from the Mc, & 18% from the Lc. The most preferred profession was director, with screen writer & assistant director following. Professions in the manufacturing section were the least popular. Most of the students liked to free-lance, & 74% preferred free films to assigned work. TV networks were a popular choice for future employment, & 45% of the R's felt they would be able to find work in the Netherlands upon graduation. 2 Tables. N. Hirschohn.


Structure analysis of table form document is importantbecause printed documents and also electronical documentsonly provide geometrical layout and lexical information explicitly.To handle these documents automatically, logicalstructure information is necessary. In this paper, we firstpropose a general representation of table form documentbased on XML, which contains both structure and layoutinformation. Next, we present structure analysis systembased on graph grammar which represents document structureknowledge. As the relation between adjacent fields intable form documents become two dimensional, two dimensionalnotation is necessary to denote structural knowledge.Therefore, we adopt two dimensional graph grammar to denotethem. By using grammar notation, we can easily modifyand keep consistency of it, as the rules are relatively simple.Another advantage of using grammar notation is that,it can be used for generating documents only from logicalstructure. Experimental results have shown that the systemsuccessfully analyzed several kinds of table forms.


Traditional infrastructure and instrumentation methods in power system are transforming to cater the needs of modern and smart grid applications. In this process, contactless broad range electric current measurement has emerged as a hot research field. Under this background, an improved strategy of current measurement has been proposed in this paper to solve the problem of large crosstalk error in scenarios where the measured current is much smaller than the interfering current. In the proposed strategy, two magnetic sensors with a piece of curved magnetic shielding layer constitute the measurement structure, in which the effect contributed by the interference is damped by summing up the magnetic field detected by the two sensors with the opposite sensitive direction and by the magnetic shielding. It has been demonstrated by experiments that this improved strategy can estimate the targeted current with the minimum drift of 0.19 A when the real value of the targeted current is 0 A. The finite-element analysis proves that the deviation is 0.21 A, while the interfering current changes from 1 to 10 kA. Based on these results, the proposed easily installed structure with high accuracy proves its immense potential application of current measurement in smart grid.


Synthesis and analysis of active phased-array antennas typically assume ideal or error-free distributions of the phase and amplitude excitation coefficients. This is a necessary assumption for first-order design; however, realistic performance must be accounted for in the final implementation of the system. One must never assume that an error-free antenna pattern is realistic or achievable, particularly if expectations of large side lobe rejections are to be met. This paper presents and compares statistical sampling and linear analytical methods for analysis of phased-array antennas and the implications the errors have on different performance requirements. Applications include beam shaping, communication satellites, phased-array antennas, remote-sensing phased arrays, and Earth station phased-array antennas.


The investigation of the nonlinearity of the Leavitt law (LL) is a topic that began more than seven decades ago, when some of the studies in this field found that the LL has a break at about 10 days. The goal of this work is to investigate a possible statistical cause of this nonlinearity. By applying linear regressions to OGLE-II and OGLE-IV data, we find that to obtain the LL by using linear regression, robust techniques to deal with influential points and/or outliers are needed instead of the ordinary least-squares regression traditionally used. In particular, by using M- and MM-regressions we establish firmly and without doubt the linearity of the LL in the Large Magellanic Cloud, without rejecting or excluding Cepheid data from the analysis. This implies that light curves of Cepheids suggesting blending, bumps, eclipses, or period changes do not affect the LL for this galaxy. For the Small Magellanic Cloud, when including Cepheids of this kind, it is not possible to find an adequate model, probably because of the geometry of the galaxy. In that case, a possible influence of these stars could exist.


Cross-cultural mission strategy based on 1 Corinthians 9: 19-23. There are several main problems, one of which is that 1 Corinthians 9: 19-23 has been studied by several researchers and interpreters, but they look at it from another side. And also in the service really needs a strategy especially in carrying out cross-cultural services. By using a qualitative method with literature study approach and using the Hermeneutic Bible method. To find the results of the cross-cultural mission strategy carried out by Paul. Based on the analysis of the text of 1 Corinthians 9: 19-23, the author found three mission strategies in cross-cultural namely not exclusive, not selfish and does not discriminate against people based on background or social status.


This paper presents the concentration of Cu, Zn, Fe, Pb and Cd in vegetables, soil and water samples. Samples were collected from Mayham (Adigrat, Tigray region). Total acid (7ml mixture of HNO3, H2SO4, HClO4) digestion method was employed and determination was made by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The percentage recoveries of the metals were in the range of 89% to 100% in vegetable, 84% to 100% in water and 82% to 103% in soil sample. The range of concentration(µg/g) of the metals on dry weight basis are: Cd 1.18-1.45 in vegetables, 1 in soil and 9 in water; Cu 9-18 in vegetables, 15-17 in soil and 4.3 in water; Pb 1.67-5.01 in vegetable, 3-5 in soil and 2.6 in water; Zn 40-398.5 in vegetable, 59-66.8 in soil and 9.2 in water; Fe 218.25-4987.5 in vegetables, 23705.75 – 29248.5 in soil and 177.5 in water sample. The result obtained imples that the plant is rich in iron, zinc and copper and has small concentration of non-essential trace elements like lead and cadmium.


Different mechanisms have been proposed to solve opportunistic spectrum access (OSA). In order to address spectrum management efficiently, these mechanisms can be divided into four main functionalities, spectrum sensing, decision-making, sharing, and mobility. These functionalities depend on the interpretation and adaptation of different parameters, for example, sensing and data interpretation for adaptive modulation, power adjustments, and changes regarding the range of frequency operation. For the decision-making function, a novel approach is proposed in which coding information is added to the establishment of the communication process thus assisting the medium access control (MAC). The presence of cognitive radio devices in the network coverage range can be controlled or coordinated by using specific redundancy codes. Hence, Reed Solomon (RS) code is used in this paper as part of the handshaking process to provide error correction. In addition, a redundancy strategy based on Rabin's information dispersal algorithm (IDA) is presented to provide fault tolerance to the communication between cognitive radio devices. In this case, the information is divided into fragments dynamically, and each fragment is coded by an RS code and reassigned to a subset of recipients using alternate paths. This work shows how to optimize spectrum access based on IDA and RS codes to diversify channel occupation without losing significant information with several frequency hops presented in cognitive radio communications. The validations were executed in a discrete event simulator developed in Python. The proposed system for OSA was found to perform better than other approaches using pilot sequences. Our proposal, therefore, provides fault tolerance, to diversify channel occupation, and helps identify the presence of primary and secondary users when a common control channel (CCC) is implemented by the optimization of the spectrum use.


It is proposed a radio apparatus having a disposing of a smart card reader audio system, in particular to connect via a specially provided for this purpose adapter card, said adapter card transmitting and receiving means, preferably in the shape of a wireless interface for communicating with the radiotelephone a car radio. The audio system is used so that in addition to their usual function also of reproducing received by the radio's radio signals. A so DOLLAR The invention enables the implementation of a speakerphone for a, in particular, operated in a motor vehicle, Walkie-talkie with little effort.


During the next five years, small and medium size consulting engineering firms will undergo many changes. The key changing force is the low cost ($2500 to $20,000) microcomputer. Already, an estimated 10 to 20 percent of these small and medium sized firms are using microcomputers. Some experts believe that the use of microcomputers in the civil engineering profession is on the verge of exponential growth. The areas being computerized include engineering calculations, accounting and other administrative matters, and word processing. Four in-depth case histories discuss the pros and cons of microcomputers and how the use of microcomputers can change a consulting engineering firm.


This paper presents proposed solutions for addressing two subtasks in SemEval-2023 Task 3: "Detecting the Genre, the Framing, and the Persuasion techniques in online news in a multi-lingual setup. In subtask 1, "News Genre Categorisation, the goal is to classify a news article as an opinion, a report, or a satire. In subtask 3, "Detection of Persuasion Technique, the system must reveal persuasion techniques used in each news article paragraph choosing among23 defined methods. Solutions leverage the application of the eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) method, Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP). In subtask 1, SHAP was used to understand what was driving the model to fail so that it could be improved accordingly. In contrast, in subtask 3, a re-calibration of the Attention Mechanism was realized by extracting critical tokens for each persuasion technique. The underlying idea is the exploitation of XAI for countering the overfitting of the resulting model and attempting to improve the performance when there are few samples in the training data. The achieved performance on English for subtask 1 ranked 6th with an F1-score of 58.6% (despite 78.4% of the 1st) and for subtask 3 ranked 12th with a micro-averaged F1-score of 29.8% (despite 37.6% of the 1st).


A method for the simultaneous determination of methyldibromo glutaronitrile, bronopol, and bronidox in cosmetics, based on liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection, is described. The method is suitable for both aqueous products and emulsions. The detection limit is better than 0.002% for all analytes. Recoveries from an emulsion, spiked to concentrations of 0.03% of the analytes, were 100.4% for bronopol (relative standard deviation (RSD), 0.43%), 97.1% for bronidox (RSD, 0.83%), and 98.4% for methyldibromo glutaronitrile (RSD, 1.7%). Repeatabilities were calculated from 10 replicate analyses of commercial samples. The repeatability for bronopol from an emulsion containing 0.047% bronopol was 0.0027% (RSD, 1.99%); for bronidox from a lotion containing 0.027% bronidox, 0.0014% (RSD, 1.86%); and for methyldibromo glutaronitrile from an emulsion containing 0.031% methyldibromo glutaronitrile 0.0019% (RSD, 2.16%). A ruggedness test showed that sample amount influenced the results for all 3 analytes. The results obtained for bronidox also depended on detection parameters and composition of extraction solvent. The method was applied to 138 cosmetic products and performed trouble free during these analyses. Bronopol was found in 14 samples, and bronidox was found in 4 samples, including a baby hair lotion, in which it is prohibited. Methyldibromo glutaronitrile was present in 27 samples, including creams, lotions, and sun protection cosmetics


It is proved that two different and independently derived integral representations of droplet size distribution moments encountered in the literature are equivalent and, moreover, consistent with the general dynamic equation that governs the droplet size distribution function. One of these representations consists of an integral over the droplet radius while the other representation consists of an integral over time. The proof is based on analytical solution of the general dynamic equation in the absence of coagulation but in the presence of both growth and nucleation. The solution derived is explicit in the droplet radius, which is in contrast with the literature where solutions are presented along characteristics. This difference is essential for the equivalence proof. Both the case of nonconvected vapor as well as the case of convected vapor are presented.


We demonstrate a new computing paradigm for the evolution of the long life-cycle defense system with stringent safety, timing and dependability requirements, namely, the multiple target tracking (MTT) part of a surveillance radar system. We demonstrate the new paradigm's capability for the support of system upgrades in system software, hardware, and application software while maintaining the existing baseline performance. This new paradigm shares many characteristics with the SEI/CMU Simplex Architecture whose applicability has been demonstrated for a prototypical industrial feedback control application. We present the concepts of our paradigm, lessons learned in applying the paradigm to surveillance radar, and lessons learned implementing the paradigm by integrating standard technologies.


This brief highlights the potential for developing sustainable bond markets in the ASEAN+3 region and suggests ways forward. It notes that renewable energy and energy efficiency are seen as promising sectors for the development of green bonds. It suggests how policymakers and development partners can help expand the issuer base and increase local demand for sustainable bonds, increase project bankability, and create an enabling ecosystem.


The invention discloses an experiment device and an experiment method for simulating the acidification of a real oil well. The experiment device comprises a sample room, a hydraulic system, a confining pressure pump, a pressure measuring system and a residual acid liquid collecting device, wherein the sample room consists of a cylindrical outer cylinder body of which the upper side and the lower side are sealed and an inner screen cylinder which is coaxially sheathed in the outer cylinder body. The experiment method comprises the following steps: making a test sample: axially drilling a cylindrical inner core downwards in a core, and taking a core tank as the test sample; and putting the test sample into the inner screen cylinder in the sample room to carry out acidification experiment. The acidification experiment process comprises the following steps: putting the core tank into the inner screen cylinder, injecting acid liquid and salt water which are used for reaction into the core tank through the hydraulic system, and pressurizing the core tank to make the acid liquid and the salt water which are injected into the core tank infiltrate outwards from the peripheral inner wall. The device and the method are simple and reasonable in structure, simple in experiment step, simple in operation, less in consumed time and reliable experiment data and can effectively solve the problem that the prior acidification experiment instrument cannot really simulate the acidification effect of the oil well.


LAGE is a systematic framework developed in Java. The motivation of LAGE is to provide a scalable and parallel solution to reconstruct Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs) from continuous gene expression data for very large amount of genes. The basic idea of our framework is motivated by the philosophy of divideand-conquer. Specifically, LAGE recursively partitions genes into multiple overlapping communities with much smaller sizes, learns intra-community GRNs respectively before merge them altogether. Besides, the complete information of overlapping communities serves as the byproduct, which could be used to mine meaningful functional modules in biological networks.


The importance of active treatment-based cooling water monitoring and control is demonstrated through the development of two new techniques, the on-line analysis of phosphonates and the off-line analysis of total and available polymer. Laboratory pilot experiments and field case histories are presented.


The formation of the Fe(NRS)34− complex was used in a modified spectrophotometric method to quantify the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of processed fruit juice samples. The procedure is based on the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) in aqueous buffered solution (Tris; pH 8.0) containing the 3-hydroxy-4-nitroso-2,7-naphthalenedisulfonic acid (H2NRS). The absorbance values at 730 nm (A730 nm) of the Fe(NRS)34− complex obtained with juice samples were compared with A730 nm values obtained with a standard ascorbic acid solution and then subsequently used to quantify and express the TAC of the samples. Good positive relationship between TAC values in the analysed samples (grape, orange, passion fruit, cashew, peach, and strawberry) was found for both the Fe(NRS)34− complex method (proposed method) and ABTS•+ radical-free method (used as reference method). The TAC values obtained with Fe(NRS)34− and ABTS•+ also showed a positive correlation with the Folin–Ciocalteu index values. Fructose, glucose, BHT, and BHA did not interfere in the TAC quantification of the processed fruit juice samples with the proposed method. However, ascorbic acid (natural or added as additive, E300) and its derivatives (E301, E302, E303, E315, and E316) did interfere positively. As a 10-fold dilution is required and the absorbance measurements are performed at 730 nm, the proposed method was not subject to colour interference from the tested samples. The procedure suggested here is simple, easy to perform, reproducible, does not use organic solvents, and does not need expensive equipment.


The invention provides a primer and probes of triplex fluorescent PCR detection which are suitable for simultaneously detecting three kinds of AIDS-related mycoplasmas by genetic sequencing and comparison of AIDS-related mycoplasmas (mycoplasma penetrans, mycoplasma fermentans and mycoplasma pirum). The primer and probes disclosed herein are represented by the nucleotide sequences of SEQ ID NO.1-9. The invention further provides a method and a kit for detecting the AIDS-related mycoplasmas. The detection kit and detection reagent disclosed in the invention have the advantages of accurate detection, high sensitivity, strong specificity, simpleness and rapidness, and good detection capability.


Lavishly illustrated, Persuasion and Propaganda is the first study of these works of art within the framework of colonial politics and political culture


Pulmonary hypertension is defined as pulmonary artery pressure greater than 30/15 mmHg. The etiologies of pulmonary hypertension can be divided into primary and secondary ones. The causes of the latter include long‐lasting left‐to‐right shunts (congenital cardiac defects e.g. ventricular septal defect), pulmonary thromboembolism and severe pulmonary disease (1). Women with pulmonary hypertension often tolerate the physiological changes of pregnancy poorly. We describe the intrapartum management and outcome of two patients who had undergone successful surgical closure of a ventricular septal defect several years earlier. They both had developed pulmonary arterial hypertension preoperatively but had an uneventful recovery and were clinically asymptomatic before pregnancy.


This paper uses domestic and cross-border linkages to measure the interconnectedness of the banking sector, and relates it to banking crises in Europe. Beyond cross-border financial linkages of the banking sector, we also account for financial linkages to the other main financial and non-financial sectors within the economy. We enrich conventional early-warning models using macro-financial vulnerabilities, by including measures of banking sector centrality as potential determinants of banking crises. Our results show that a more central position of the banking sector in these so-called macro-networks significantly increases the probability of a banking crisis. By analyzing the different types of risk exposures, our evidence shows that credit as well as market risks are important sources of vulnerabilities. Finally, the results show that early-warning models augmented with interconnectedness measures outperform traditional models in terms of out-of-sample predictions of recent banking crises in Europe. JEL Classification: F36, G20


Understanding the underlying differences between groups or classes in certain contexts can be of the utmost importance. Contrast set mining relies on discovering significant patterns by contrasting two or more groups. A contrast set is a conjunction of attribute–value pairs that differ meaningfully in its distribution across groups. A previously proposed technique is rules for contrast sets, which seeks to express each contrast set found in terms of rules. This work extends rules for contrast sets to a temporal data mining task. We define a set of temporal patterns in order to capture the significant changes in the contrasts discovered along the considered time line. To evaluate the proposal accuracy and ability to discover relevant information, two different real‐life data sets were studied using this approach.


The study investigated teachers' perceptions of the causes of gender differences in mathematics achievement among secondary school students. The study was carried in Owerri Education Zone I of Imo State Nigeria using descriptive survey research design. A sample of 150 mathematics teachers was used for the study comprising of 90 males and 60 females. A 21-item likert 4 points type of questionnaire titled Causes of Gender Differences in Mathematics Achievement (CGDMA) drawn by the researchers was used for data collection. The instrument had reliability coefficient (r) of 0.81 determined using Crounbach's alpha method. The data generated were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer research questions while the hypotheses were analyzed using chi-square (x2) and t-test statistical tools tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the study revealed series of factors causing gender differences in mathematics achievement which are teacher, students and parent related. Based on the result, it was recommended that teachers should use innovative strategies in teaching mathematics to get both male and female students involved in classroom activities.


ABSTRACT Considering the whole process optimization of biogas production, low concentration of FeCl2 solution was studied as a catalyst for corn stalk pretreatment and hydrolysis liquid was inspected for anaerobic acidification fermentation. Optimum pretreatment conditions were found where the corn stalk was pretreated with 1 mg/L FeCl2 at 200°C for 20 min. Through comparative study with distilled water in the anaerobic fermentation stage, the result showed that FeCl2 could speed up anaerobic acidification digesting process. The study provided a novel idea to evaluate the role of iron in the whole process from pretreatment to fermentation.


X.25 are presented. The X.25 protocol was developed by Study Group VI1 of the CCITT. Consequently, the paper presents application of a processing technique developed by Study Group XI to protocols set by Study Group VI1 of the CCITT.


INTRODUCTION SFAS-158, "Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans", was adopted in 2005 and implemented by firms for fiscal periods starting after 12/15/2006. This new standard required a substantial change in the way in which a defined benefit pension obligation is disclosed on a firm's balance sheet. Under both SFAS-87 and SFAS-158 there are two measures of the pension obligation which will be of interest. The Accumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO) is the present value of all future pension benefits, both vested and unvested, based on current salary levels. The Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) is the present value of all future pension benefits, both vested and unvested, based on expected final salary levels. The discount rate used in computing the present value (the "settlement rate" or "interest rate") should be the rate at which the pension obligation could effectively be defeased by setting aside high quality debt securities of maturities appropriate to satisfy pension obligations as they come due. The settlement rate should therefore be the expected rate of return on high quality corporate or government debt securities with maturities corresponding to the expected payouts from the pension plan. Under the previous standard (SFAS-87 "Employers' Accounting for Pensions") there were two means by which a pension liability could be reported on the balance sheet. First, the cumulative historical difference between pension expense and the amount funded was disclosed as either prepaid or accrued pension cost. If cumulative contributions exceeded cumulative pension expense there was a prepaid pension cost asset; if cumulative expenses exceeded cumulative contributions there was an accrued pension cost liability. Due to the way in which prior service cost and pension gains and losses were accounted for it was possible for a firm to have a pension asset on their balance sheet even if the pension plan was severely underfunded (i.e., if the plan assets were exceeded by the pension obligation). For this reason SFAS-87 also had a "minimum liability" requirement, where firms were required to show a net pension liability at least equal to the amount by which the Accumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO) exceeded the pension plan assets. If a firm had an existing pension plan asset, and if the minimum liability reporting requirement was triggered, they would have to eliminate the pension plan asset and replace it with a liability of the required size. If a firm's plan assets exceeded their ABO, or if they already reported an accrued pension cost liability on their balance sheet, then they had little incentive to attempt to manage their obligation measures downwards via changes in their discount rate. As was documented in Amlie (2009), there is evidence that firms with existing pension plan assets on their balance sheet, and a marginal minimum liability position, did in fact select discount rates in order to avoid triggering the minimum liability requirement. Under SFAS-158, all firms are required to report on their balance sheet an asset or liability equal to the difference between their projected benefit obligation and their pension plan assets. As a result all firms now have an incentive, to one degree or another, to reduce their reported projected benefit obligation. By reducing the PBO they can either reduce the amount of the pension liability or increase the amount of the pension asset. The degree to which a firm will benefit from an adjustment to the discount rate is proportional to the size of their projected benefit obligation. A firm with a small PBO, relative to total assets, will only garner a small benefit if they increase their assumed discount rate, while a firm with a large PBO relative to total assets will garner a greater benefit from the same increase in the discount rate. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is evidence that firms with greater pension obligations increased their discount rate assumptions upon implementation of SFAS-158 relative to firms with lesser pension obligations. …


Abstract. Heat stress is a major concern for dairy farmers across the United States. During the summer months especially, the stress brought on by excessive heat can cause lactating cows to produce less milk and can also adversely affect an animal's health. In particular, dairy cows often experience acute heat stress due to the high temperatures and high relative humidity in crowded holding pens. To mitigate the problem, many dairies have been using arrays of large-diameter fans to circulate the air in the lounging area. These fans, however, tend to merely recirculate the hot and humid air inside the holding pen, and air speed they generate is generally not high enough to alleviate heat stress. The present study examines the efficacy of using positive pressure tubes to entrain fresh air from outside the holding pen and blow uniform impinging jets at an optimum speed to achieve desired convective cooling effects. We developed a prototypical poly-tube cooling system so that we could examine the flow patterns of the air jets and thereby achieve enhanced heat transfer coefficients within the target area. Using computational fluid dynamics followed by experimental verifications, we evaluated an array of air jets that directly impinge on targeted animals.


OBJECTIVE To establish the TLC identification methods for Rhizoma Curcumae Longae,Semen Arecae,Fructus Chebulae,Sabina Przewalskii,Fructus Piperis Longi and Berberis kansuensis Schneid ,and an HPLC for quantitative determination of gallic acid in Ershiba Wei Binglang pills. METHODS TLC and HPLC were adopted.RESULTS The specificitions of TLC were proved. RSD of precision for HPLC was 1.70%,and the mean recovery was 98.4%. Regression equation of standard curve was A =5×10 6 C -1 8058×10 4( r =0.9997).CONCLUSION These methods are simple and credible,and can be used to control the quality of Ershibawei Binglang pills.


In this paper, we have illustrated the suitability of Gumbel Model for software reliability data. The model parameters are estimated using likelihood based inferential procedure: classical as well as Bayesian. The quasi Newton-Raphson algorithm is applied to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates and associated probability intervals. The Bayesian estimates of the parameters of Gumbel model are obtained using Markov Chain Monte Carlo(MCMC) simulation method in OpenBUGS(established software for Bayesian analysis using Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods). The R functions are developed to study the statistical properties, model validation and comparison tools of the model and the output analysis of MCMC samples generated from OpenBUGS. Details of applying MCMC to parameter estimation for the Gumbel model are elaborated and a real software reliability data set is considered to illustrate the methods of inference discussed in this paper.


A compact model for tunnel diode body contact (TDBC) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) n-MOSFETs was developed in this paper. The compact model is implemented in Verilog-A to simulate the dc and radio frequency (RF) performance of a TDBC SOI MOSFET. The TDBC SOI MOSFETs are successfully fabricated and are used to measure important transistor electrical parameters. The investigation results reveal that TDBC structure suppresses floating body effects (FBEs) as well as T-gate body (TB) contact structure and shows significant improvement in RF performance without introducing additional parasitic capacitances compared with the TB device. Kink phenomena and an abnormal subthreshold swing originating from FBEs are sufficiently suppressed. It is demonstrated that the TDBC SOI MOSFETs provide a promising concept for digital, analog, and RF applications. The outputs from this analytic model are in fair agreement with the TDBC experimental data, which validates the effectiveness and robustness of the compact model for TDBC SOI technology. Finally, good accuracy ensures that the proposed model is applicable for the implementation in circuit simulation tools.


In his career of literary composing,D.H.Lawrence was writing about female and the subject about female's rights.However,the critics and public could not reach an agreement on Lawrence's works so far,or even the remarks are unfair sometimes.This paper aims to discuss the reconstruction of Lawrence's feminist consciousness on the rereading and interpreting of his essay Cocksure Women and Hensure Men.


Gott and Hinchcliffe1 found a number of barriers inhibiting older people from seeking treatment for sexual problems in primary care. We recently investigated a different sexual issue in younger people visiting their GP. Our aim was to find the acceptability to GP attendees aged 25 or under of being asked to provide a urine specimen for chlamydia screening. In Nov 2003 we conducted a cross sectional, confidential questionnaire survey of all patients aged 25 or under attending an inner London GP surgery in one week. 54 patients aged 25 or under attended the surgery; all were given an information sheet. 14 did not wish to take part (response rate 74%, 40/54). The age range of the 40 participants was 16–25, the mean age was 22 and 18% were male (7/40). 25 of the participants were white (63%), 6 participants were black Caribbean, 3 were Black African, 1 participant was Asian, and the remaining 5 participants were of other ethnic groups. Men were significantly less likely than women to accept the offer of screening: 50% (7/14) of men agreed to take part compared to 83% (33/40) of women (P 0.05). No participants were found to be positive for chlamydia. The response rate suggests that opportunistic chlamydia screening in general practice is acceptable and feasible. This is in line with the Department of Health chlamydia screening pilots in Portsmouth and Wirral.2 Almost 20 000 people were tested during the one-year study. 50% of the eligible female population in the target age range (16–24) were screened and the prevalence of infection in under 25s tested in primary care was 13%. By contrast we did not find any chlamydia positives in our study. This could be because of our small sample size or because in the pilot screening programmes screening was opportunistic and selective rather than consecutive. Therefore it is likely that the GPs (who were paid to take part) screened mainly high risk or symptomatic individuals. More research is needed to determine whether opportunistic screening in primary care throughout the UK would be practical and financially beneficial for the NHS in the long term. The recently implemented DOH phased roll out system aims to answer these questions.


We give new proof of a four-variable reciprocity theorem using Heine's transformation, Watson's transformation, and Ramanujan's 1𝜓1-summation formula. We also obtain a generalization of Jacobi's triple product identity.


is the most common used method in detection of ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the appropriate treatment regimen and the clinical course of the lower respiratory tract infections( RTI s) and to detect the common viral causes of lower RTI s. Methods: The present study included a total of 255 pediatric patients aged less than 7 years old and admitted to the Department of Pediatrics of Rize Training and Research Hospital between January 2014 and January 2015 with clinical pre-diagnosis of lower RTI . Nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from these patients were tested for viral pathogens by using multiplex RT-PCR kit the ResPlex II plus Panel PRE (Qiagen, Germany). Results: A total of 212 out of 255 (83.1%) specimens revealed positive for one or more viral pathogens. The most common detected pathogens were respiratory syncytial virus ( RSV ) A/B in 110 samples (43.1%), rhinovirus in 51 samples (20.0%), adenovirus in 36 samples (14.1%), influenzae virus A in 32 samples (12.5%), and coronavirus in 24 samples (9.4%). In 76 samples (29.8%), more than one viral pathogen were detected. RSV was seen in more than 50% patients in the first 2 years. RSV was the most common pathogen in each year of the first 5 years but rhinovirus, influenza A and adenovirus were seen more than RSV after the fifth year. A total of 95.8% of the viral detections were seen between November and April without a significant peak amongst these months. The distribution of the pathogens by months of the year showed no significance. Conclusions: These findings can contribute to epidemiological data of Turkey. Detection of the viral pathogens causing lower RTIs can be critical in management of the disease, decrease inappropriate antibiotic treatment, and lower the morbidity and mortality rates in such diseases.


【Objective】 To investigate the relation of lactase deficiency and growth and development of children aged 0~6 years in Shanghai. 【Method】 The JY-po-color Gal of urine galactose determination kit was used to test all of children. 【Results】 The incidence of lactase malabsorption in children aged 0~6 years was 47.4% and lactase intolerance was 16.5%,which was increasing with the age of children and the significant difference exist in different age groups.It was the determinate relation between lactase deficiency and not only physical constitution development but also trophonosis. 【Conclusion】 High incidence of lactase deficiency and the importance of early diagnosis and efficient intervention must be emphasized,besides it is suggested that reciprocal addition is given to children of absence in nutriment such as calcium and iron.


The invention relates to a pulverization modified lignin, a preparation method and applications thereof. The lignin is characterized by comprising hydroxymethylation modified lignin, a powder modifier, and a particle size controller according to a completely-dry weight ratio of 100:0.1-20:0.1-200. The powder modifier is one or more of rubber latex, polyethylene glycol, silane coupling agent, phosphate, titanate, stearic acid, and stearate. The particle size controller is one or more of white carbon black, ceramic clay, montmorillonite, kaolin, diatomite, calcium carbonate, and white clay; wherein the white clay is the wastes, which are mainly composed of calcium carbonate and generated during the process of paper-making pulping or alkali production. The hydroxymethylation modified lignin is prepared from alkali lignin or black liquor. The provided pulverization modified lignin can be used to improve the binding of steel wires and fibers, be used as a rheology additive during the extrusion process of rubber products, or be used as a semi-reinforcing filling material to produce rubber products.


The utility model discloses a line-branching box comprising a housing, a three-hole sealing plug, an antifriction pad, a stopper and a line-threading plate, being matched with swamp detectors, in particular being suitable for being used for the petroleum seismic prospecting of the beach and marsh zones of the coastal areas. The utility model has the advantages of good sealing performance, large tensile strength of the system, simple and light structure and low cost.


The article studies the propagation of electromagnetic waves in metal-dielectric systems based on opals. We revealed anomalous transmission and absorption of light by hybrid plasmon- photonic layered heterostructures associated with the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons propagating along the metal-dielectric interface. The position of maxima in the reflection spectra of nanocomposites, obtained by filling the opal matrix with metal by the electrothermodiffusion method, is explained by the Bragg diffraction, and the asymmetric form of the spectral curves is attributed to the Fano resonance.


The Authors report a case of athelia and amastia observed in a 28-year-old woman. The association of severe dental alterations, nail dystrophies and irregular cutaneous hyperpigmentation with normal sweating, make it possible to catalogue the anomaly in the hydrotic ectodermal dysplasia, an autosomal dominant hereditary disease. The syndrome, transmitted by the father, is also present in two brothers of the patient: the association of sphincter urethrae agenesis, responsible for urinary incontinence unsuccessful treated with two surgical operations, is to be considered quite fortuitous.


Novel biomarker research is vital for the progression of safe and thorough diagnostic medicine. There is now a need to improve the diagnosis of bladder cancer via a noninvasive urine test while balancing the risks of harm from investigational procedures, such as cystoscopy and radiological tests, against the likelihood of malignancy. We evaluate the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity of Uro17™ urinary biomarker for the detection of urothelial cancer in hematuria patients in a prospective blinded validation study. Uro17™ is an immunobiomarker which binds to the oncoprotein Keratin 17, which is involved in the replication cycle of malignant cells. This study compared cystoscopic and histological investigations against Uro17™ results in patients being investigated for symptoms of urothelial cancer.


Docetaxel is a microtubule inhibitor that has actions in the S and G2–M phase of the cell cycle. The pyrimidine trifluorothymidine (TFT) induces DNA damage and an arrest in the G2–M phase. TFT, as part of TAS‐102, has been clinically evaluated as an oral chemotherapeutic agent in colon and gastric cancer. The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal administration sequence of TFT and docetaxel and to investigate the underlying mechanism of cytotoxicity. Drug interactions were examined by sulforhodamine B assays and subsequent combination index analyses, and for long‐term effects the clonogenic assay was used. A preincubation with docetaxel was synergistic in sulforhodamine B (combination index 0.6–0.8) and clonogenic assays, and was accompanied by a time‐dependent cell death induction (17–36%), the occurrence of polynucleation (22%), and mitotic spindle inhibition as determined by flow cytometry and immunostaining. Interestingly, administration of TFT followed by the combination displayed strong antagonistic activity, and was accompanied by less polynucleation and cell death induction than the synergistic combinations. Western blotting showed that the G2–M‐phase arrest (25–50%) was accompanied by phosphorylation of Chk2 and dephosphorylation of cdc25c in the synergistic combinations. Together, this indicates that synergistic activity requires docetaxel to initiate mitotic failure prior to the activation of TFT damage signaling, whereas antagonism is a result of TFT cell cycle‐arrested cells being less susceptible to docetaxel. Caspase 3 activation was low after docetaxel, suggestive of caspase‐independent mechanisms of cell death. Taken together, our models indicate that combination treatment with docetaxel and TFT displays strong synergy when docetaxel is given first, thus providing clues for possible clinical studies. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 2302–2308)


Abstract : The agreement between core temperature measurements obtained using an ingestible temperature pill telemetry system (T sub pill) and rectal (T sub re) and esophageal (T sub es) thermocouples was compared under conditions of both increasing and decreasing body temperature. Nine subjects participated in four 3-h trials: cold (18 deg C) water rest (CWR); cold water exercise (CWE); warm (36 deg C) water rest (WWR); and warm water exercise (WWE). During exercise trials, subjects completed three bouts of 15-min rest, followed by 45-min exercise on a cycle ergometer at 50% of peak oxygen uptake. The temperature pill was taken 10-12 h before testing. Root mean squared deviation (RMSD) was calculated for each pair of measurements (T sub pill vs. T sub re, T sub pill VS T sub es, T sub re VS. T sub es) for each trial. An RMSD of '0' indicates perfect agreement, and as RMSD increases, agreement worsens. On CWR, the RMSD for T sub pill-T sub es (0.23+/-0.04) was lower (P<0.05) than for T sub pill-T sub re (0.43+/-0.10) or T sub re-T sub es (0.46+/-0.09). There were no significant differences in RMSD between measurement pairs on any other trial (overall average RMSD=0.26 deg C). These results suggest the telemetry pill system provides a valid measurement of core temperature during conditions of decreasing as well as increasing body temperature and during steady state.


The complete type II restriction-modification system HgiBI of Herpetosiphon giganteus strain Hpg5 recognizing the AvaII specific DNA sequence GGWCC has been cloned and expressed functionally active in Escherichia coli. A considerable acceleration in cloning could be achieved by preparing a size restricted library after application of a related hybridization probe. Both methyltransferase (437 codons) and restriction endonuclease gene (274 codons) were found to be encoded on a 3.6 kilobases ClaI/HincII fragment in the same transcriptional orientation separated by one triplett only. Protein sequence comparisons revealed a close resemblance of M.HgiBI to the group of m5C-methyltransferases, especially to M.BanI from Bacillus aneurinolyticus with the related recognition sequence GGYRCC. In contrast, no significant similarities have been observed for the associated endonuclease R.HgiBI with any other restriction enzyme described so far, even not with the isoschizomeric R.SinI from Salmonella infantis, or with R.BanI.


Physical-mathematical thinking is the visible representation of the relationship between physics and mathematics. It is based on the development of the five types of mathematical thinking and leads to the consolidation of the learning of physics through the construction, interpretation, abstraction and consolidation of meanings for the teacher and the student about physical phenomena. The work allows for the implementation of a pedagogical strategy based on project-based pedagogy, which facilitates the development and application of mathematical algorithms for the analysis, understanding and explanation of physics by students in the context of collaborative field work. The study is framed in the quantitative paradigm, in a quasi-experimental design, working with control and experimental groups. Pre-test is applied to identify the development of physical-mathematical thinking in students and as a support to the design of the intervention proposal. Once the proposal is developed, the results are evaluated by means of a post-test that allows identifying significant improvements in the students' physical-mathematical thinking.


The greatest of my adventures came off when I arrived at Jefferson City. There I expected to meet an advertisement for my person; it was there I must cross the river or take a steamboat down; it was there I expected to be interrogated and required as to whether I was actually a free man or a slave. If I was free, I should have to show my free papers; and if I was a slave I should be required to tell who my master was. (166, emphasis added)


Power Line communication (PLC) is a popular communication channel for broadband access, multimedia sharing, and as a part of the smart grid since it allows for fault detection, automated meter reading, etc. However, various noise and multipath effects are the main causes of bit errors in power-line communication. PLC has been studied under various communication protocols such as 4D-TCM with additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN). PLC can be implemented in high voltage(HV) power lines but HV lines are prone to corona noise. The objective of this research is to investigate the use Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with convolutional coding and decoding to use a PLC transmission system with corona noise. In this paper, simulation of noise in PLC is by adding AWGN and corona effects in high voltage (HV) transmission lines is explained. The PLC for Zimmermann and Dostert, is taken in to consideration for simulation. Simulation of OFDM with 16-QAM is performed. The bit error rate (BER) in OFDM PLC communication with corona noise has been determined.


This article examines a summer institute curriculum that was developed for and used with handicapped students who were identified as gifted in the area(s) of visual arts, performing arts, engineering, or life sciences. The students and the summer institute were part of a federally funded Javits program, Project High Hopes. The curriculum was real world, multi‐disciplinary and problem based in that it used a decaying water feature on the school grounds as its focus. Using a creative problem solving process, students identified problems with the water feature, developed solutions, created presentations, and presented their solutions to the school board. Student products are described as are conclusions, results and possible implications for other educational settings.


We analyze the optical properties of composite materials that combine nanowire and nanolayer platforms. We revisit effective-medium theory (EMT) description of wire materials with high filling fraction positioned in anisotropic unit cells and present a simple numerical technique to extend Maxwell-Garnett formalism in this limit. We also demonstrate that the resulting EMT can be combined with transfer-matrix technique to adequately describe photonic band gap behavior, previously observed in epitaxially grown semiconductor multilayer nanowires.


A novel method for the synthesis of benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin derivatives via visible-light-induced radical cas-cade cyclization is described. By using N-methacryloyl-2-phenylbenzoimidazoles and diverse radical precursors, various benzo[4,5]imidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolin derivatives containing CH2CN/CF2COOEt/CF3 can be formed in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. The method exhibits good functional group tolerance and a wide range of substrate scope.


We describe a resource oriented modelling method for robotic flowshops and examplify it on a galvani c plant. We compare the process oriented modelling method with the resource oriented method. The resulting simulation tool can be used for the design of scheduling algorithms. Solutions can be f ound to compromise between the use of resources and product ivity of the plant.


Let S be an inverse semigroup with the set of idempotents E. We prove that the semigroup algebra l(S) is always 2n-weakly module amenable as an l(E)-module, for any n ∈ N, where E acts on S trivially from the left and by multiplication from the right. Our proof is based on a common fixed point property for semigroups. c ⃝ 2019 IAUCTB. All rights reserved.


Dear Editors, Harlequin cells (HQ), often called hybrid eosinophilic basophilic pre‐ cursors, are cells harbouring both eosinophilic and basophilic gran‐ ules in their cytoplasm.1 Studies have associated these cells with clonal myeloid disorders like acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with recurrent cytogenetic abnormality involving CBFB‐MYH11, inv(16) (p13.1;q22) or t(16;16)(q13.1; q22) and chronic myelogenous leukae‐ mia (CML).1,2 However, in our experience at a tertiary care centre we found these cells to be ubiquitously present among many bone marrow aspirates (BMA) without any clonal myeloid neoplasm. HQ cells have not been extensively studied with paucity of available literature.1,2 We hereby analysed the prevalence of these cells in various BMA with the aim to establish the diagnostic relevance of these cells. All the BMA and touch preparations (BMTP) submitted for evaluation between the period 1st September 2018 and 30th September 2018 at Laboratory Oncology Unit, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi were studied. A total of 317 BM samples were received during this period. Jenner‐ Giemsa stained slides of BMA and BMTP were studied with respect to cellularity, M:E ratio, primary diagnosis suspected and presence of HQ cells. Out of the total 317 BM samples examined, 63.4% (201/317) cases showed presence of HQ cells (Table 1). Eighty‐three (83/201; 41.29%) BMA sent for evaluating involvement by metastasis, Non‐ Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma and pancytopenia revealed cellular reactive marrows. All of these also showed HQ cells (Figure 1A). A total of 114/201 (56.72%) BMA that were in‐ volved by hematolymphoid neoplasms also showed the presence of HQ cells. Spectrum included new cases of acute lymphoblastic leu‐ kaemia (ALL; Figure 1E), AML (Figure 1D), multiple myeloma (MM; Figure 1G&H), POEMS, MDS/MPN, CML, juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML) and NHL (Figure 1F) as well as relapsed cases of AML, ALL and progressive disease in cases of MM. Few cases with presence of hematogones (2/201; Figure 1B) and erythroid hyper‐ plasia (1/201; Figure 1C) also showed these cells. HQ cells were ab‐ sent in 36.6% (116/317) cases. Out of these, 28.4% (33/116) BMA were grossly diluted and no opinion was possible thereby explaining the possible absence. As per data shown in Table 1, 55.42% (46/ 83) of the undiluted bone marrow aspirates had near‐total replacement or infiltration by >80% blasts/plasma cells/abnormal lymphoid cells. There were 11 cases of newly diagnosed AML, 23 cases of ALL, 7 cases of MM and 5 cases of infiltration by abnormal lymphoid cells. Marked reduction of normal hematopoietic cells in these BMA could be a possible explanation for absence of HQ cell. Hemophagocytosis was seen in 6 cases which had partially diluted BMA and only one of such cases showed the presence of HQ cell. A single diluted BMA also showed the presence of HQ cell. (Figure 1I). The percentage of eosinophils (including both mature and imma‐ ture forms) and HQ cells among these cases ranged from 0.1%‐25% (median 2%) and 0.1%‐11% (median 1%), respectively, of all nucleated cells. There was positive correlation between percentage of HQ cells and eosinophil percentage in BM (correlation coefficient = +0.72)


An experiment was conducted under glasshouse conditions to test the effects
 of neem-based product in the form of drenches and potato tuber treatments on
 the growth of potato and population density of the potato cyst nematode
 Globodera rostochiensis. The soil applications of the biopreparation improved
 the plant growth and yield of potato, being greatest with 1% Neem Azal. The
 biggest increase in the yield occurred in the Oxamyl application (15.8%). The
 biopreparation in concentrations from 0.2% to 1% increased the yield of
 potatoes from 0.3% to 9.7% compared to the untreated inoculated control. The
 soil application was relatively more effective in increasing of the yield
 (0.3%-9.7%) than the potato tuber treatments (0.3%-2.3%). The nematode
 reproduction was reduced 83.3% with Oxamyl and from 59.8% to 71.0% with Neem
 Azal treatments.


The pedagogical intent of this chapter is to provide teachers of psychology with foundational material necessary for any part of the psychology curriculum featuring culture as an important factor in shaping human thought and behavior. The authors present overviews of basic concepts, historical considerations, and theoretical and contemporary research perspectives, as well as a discussion of psychological dimensions such as individualism–collectivism, tight versus loose cultures, personality traits, social axioms, and human universals. The authors give attention to the concepts of absolutism, relativism, and universalism, and briefly describe cross-cultural psychology, cultural psychology, psychological anthropology, indigenous/ethnic psychology, and multiculturalism. The issue of cultural coverage in introductory psychology texts is included, as is an appendix describing numerous official global associations and organizations that are important resources for the kind of information that teachers of culture and psychology will find valuable in the classroom.


To study the mechanical behavior of the extradosed bridge with its main girder having transverse bending+vertical bending mode in the construction process,the main bridge of the new Shah Amanat Bridge in Bangladesh was cited as example and the finite element software was used to simulate and calculate the construction process of the bridge.The construction precambering,the global mechanical behavior of the main structure in the construction process,the local mechanical behavior of the main girder under the action of form traveler load and the buckling stability of the box girder of the main girder in a state of two-side cantilevers were respectively calculated and with reference to the different requirements in the domestic codes and in the AASHTO,the safety of the structure was analyzed.The results of the calculation and analysis indicate that the global stress level of various components of the bridge in the construction process and the buckling stability of the main structure in a state of the longest two-side cantilevers can satisfy the relevant requirements in the codes and the different mechanical behavior indices can basically cater for the safety requirements of the structure,however,the local stress in part of the areas of the bridge is slightly great,for which the special construction technology measures should be taken.


Transmission of a lattice matched In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As multi-quantum wells (MQWs) structure irradiated with halogen lamp was measured at room temperature. Fine steplike structures accentuated by the exciton peaks of interband transitions were observed in the In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As multi-quantum wells structures by transmission spectroscopy. Below 120 K, a third light-hole transition appeared. Energy of the three light-hole transition was lower than one expected with calculation. The lower energy of the three light-hole transition might suggest nonparabolicity of the light-hole.


Intracranial aneurysms often present a challenging problem for the neurosurgeon. A variety of techniques have been developed to deal with these lesions. Several subspecialists are frequently involved in such treatment. We present our experience in a community hospital using a previously described technique of hypothermic cardiac arrest and barbiturate cerebral protection.


Computational chemists typically assay drug candidates by virtually screening compounds against crystal structures of a protein despite the fact that some targets, like the $\mu$ Opioid Receptor and other members of the GPCR family, traverse many non-crystallographic states. We discover new conformational states of $\mu OR$ with molecular dynamics simulation and then machine learn ligand-structure relationships to predict opioid ligand function. These artificial intelligence models identified a novel $\mu$ opioid chemotype.


This study aims to determine perceptions of peace based on the students, conflict resolution and expectations for class peace. The research approach used narrative type qualitative research. The participants of the research were 22 students of Grade K11 of SMAN 1 Kalasan, Yogyakarta. The interview was done with 6 participants using purposive random sampling technique. The data collection was using an expressive writing and interview. The technique of data analysis used the steps of character of narrative research. The result of the research was that the students did not feel peacefultowards themselves and at their class. The conflict resolution done by the students was just silent. They had not tried any action yet. Their expectations were that their class became more solid and they could work together.


World AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) Day was first commemorated in 1988. It has since taken place on 1 December annually, and is a reminder of the ongoing challenges faced by persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and their care providers. Over the years, the landscape of HIV worldwide has changed dramatically with the availability of effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) and widespread use of evidence-based preventative measures. Today, the diagnosis of HIV is no longer the death sentence that it was once thought to be, as persons living with HIV on effective ART who are virologically suppressed have a life expectancy comparable to those without the virus.1 In 2014, the United Nations proposed an ambitious 9090-90 treatment target—that by the year 2020, 90% of all people living with HIV will know their HIV status, 90% of all people with diagnosed HIV infection will receive sustained ART, and 90% of all people receiving ART will have complete viral suppression.2 This has galvanised considerable political will and roused communities into action in the quest to end AIDS. At the most recent 9th International AIDS Society Conference on HIV Science, Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS) Executive Director Michel Sidibé reported strong progress globally with more than half of all persons living with HIV on treatment.3 The state of HIV epidemic in Singapore is not so clear despite outstanding HIV care in our public and private healthcare institutions and the widespread availability of almost the entire range of stateof-the-art testing and treatment options. The first case of HIV reported in Singapore was in 1985. Since then, the number of reported HIV diagnoses initially rapidly increased, only plateauing over the recent decade.4 The Ministry of Health (MOH) reported that in 2016, there were 408 new cases reported—a reduction in number compared to previous years.5 Despite this reassuring statistic, what remains troubling is that 40% of these patients had late-stage HIV infection, and the majority of these infections were diagnosed in heterosexual men in the course of medical provision—in other words when they were already ill with


Figures just published show a continuing rise in alcohol and drugs-related deaths in Northern Ireland. However, the pattern of damage revealed by the figures bears little resemblance to the picture of the 'drugs problem' commonly projected by politicians and media commentators.

Two papers released this month by the Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) show that, measured by mortality, alcohol is the drug causing most damage in the north, followed by a range of widely-used prescription drugs....


According to the present invention, the resolution of the internal combustion engine (CE) of the output signal from the at least one sensor (DS) (SS) may be increased by performing the steps of: measuring a level value of the original sensor signal (ZS) are placed sensor (DS) working level range (PZ) at least two measuring range of the sections is divided into (a, B), each of the measuring range section (a, B), the two adjacent measuring range section (a, B) measuring range boundary (when reaching the G1), or exceeds or falls below, in relation to the working level range (PZ) for the output signal (SS) from the measuring sensor (DS) limited same given output level range of (ASB) is provided, from one measuring range section of the switching to another measuring range section (a, B) is carried out independently by the measuring sensor (DS), the operating point (BP) of the internal combustion engine (CE) engine management on the basis of at least one operating parameter (N, TPS) for a combustion process, Is determined by the (ECU), the time curve of the original sensor signal from the measuring sensor (DS) (EPD) is predicted from a set of at least one of the performance characteristics (KI) for the currently determined operating point (BP) engine management (ECU) determines that the current from the measuring range section (a, B) is the predicted original sensor signal time curve (EPD) of the measuring sensor (DS).


Using index file is a new way of solving the large amount of RDF(Resource Description Framework)query problem,which can be a great aid to query optimization.At present,most of the RDF query optimization method based on Hadoop do not use index file,and most of them aim at static data so they perform poorly at dynamic updating of data.In order to overcome these two drawbacks,this paper proposed IMSQ(using Index in MapReduce to Segment and Query)algorithm to perform distributed RDF query.The algorithm can be divided into segment and query execution two parts,firstly,makes a starlike segmentation for RDF data,and obtaines several segment file and corresponding index file,secondly,generates a layered join plan,uses filter method to seek the index file to narrow the result set and then does query on corresponding segment file;finally,merges and outputs the middle result.The results of the experiment on the LUBM test data set show that IMSQ method query efficiency is higher when the amount of the RDF data is large.


Finslerian structure of spacetime is investigated. For a special type of generalized Finsler metric the explicit expression of Cartan‐like metrical connection is derived and it is shown that it resembles the usual one. Causal problems in Finsler‐type spacetime are discussed and, based on the arguments, the Einstein‐type equations for the Finslerian quantities are derived by using the lifting of a Finsler metric to a tangent bundle. It is shown that a solution of the proposed equations can also be obtained from the complex structure of the tangent bundle. One‐form type metrics are used to discuss the geometrical interpretation of isosymmetry. A simple way of obtaining a metrical connection for a general generalized Finsler metric is given.


The present invention provides a bottleneck for the size limitations of the data processing and document processing performance mass is less than or the like, the present invention is to provide a method of extracting features based distributed mutual information document, comprising the steps of: collection of documents, and document initialization; mutual information value calculating frequencies and different classification word equatorial equatorial term appears in the document, to select a characteristic word set; calculating weights of all the feature words, to form the final set of document vectors. The present invention uses MapReduce distributed computing frameworks for document classification and feature words extracted weights, can speed up the document classification and scalability of the design by the key, while the extracted feature words on the parallel to calculate the weight of feature words in the document, enhance the efficiency of document classification.


Abstract : This report describes the operation of the Uinta Basin Seismological Observatory from 1 November 1966 through 31 January 1967. Modifications and additions to the observatory instrumentation are described, and tests to improve the operation of the observatory are reported. Also discussed is the status of special investigations designed to evaluate and improve the detection capability of the observatory.


Many software systems collect or can be instrumented to collect data about how users use them, i.e., system-user interaction data. Such data can be of great value for program understanding and reengineering purposes. In this paper we demonstrate that sequential data mining methods can be applied to discover interesting patterns of user activities from system-user interaction traces. In particular, we developed a process for discovering a special type of sequential patterns, called interaction patterns. These are sequences of events with noise, in the form of spurious events that may occur anywhere in a pattern instance. In our case studies, we applied interaction pattern mining to systems with considerably different forms of interaction: Web-based systems and legacy systems. We used the discovered patterns for user interface reengineering, and personalization. The method is promising and generalizable to other systems with different forms of interaction.


Abstract : The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) remains committed to working seamlessly with its international, federal, state and local partners to counter terrorism, the number one priority of the FBI. In order to more effectively equip personnel to meet and counter the ever-evolving threat, it is critical that inefficient practices that cause counterterrorism practitioners to "recreate the wheel" are quickly transformed to promote the most efficient counterterrorism knowledge management, knowledge transfer, and training practices available. Lessons learned through both formalized training and on-the-job experience must be quickly leveraged to aid broader sectors of the FBI and partner communities in order to promote streamlined operations in combating terrorism while countering inefficient knowledge management. This research identifies and analyzes the knowledge management deficit in counterterrorism training, while examining the core influences of organizational mindset and individual mindsets, the importance of trust, and the misnomer of ?best practices? that must be acknowledged and overcome. Focused on the establishment of Counterterrorism Mobile Education Teams to drive the enhanced infusion of tacit counterterrorism knowledge, this research culminates in the delineation of a multi-faceted strategy comprised of recommendations to target remaining counterterrorism training gaps, to strengthen homeland security collaboration, and to combat terrorism.


Background We performed in vivo micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging using a novel carbon nanotube (CNT)–based x‐ray source to detect calcification in the aortic arch of apolipoprotein E (apoE)–null mice. Methods and Results We measured calcification volume of aortic arch plaques using CNT‐based micro‐CT in 16‐ to 18‐month‐old males on 129S6/SvEvTac and C57BL/6J genetic backgrounds (129‐apoE KO and B6‐apoE KO). Cardiac and respiratory gated images were acquired in each mouse under anesthesia. Images obtained using a CNT micro‐CT had less motion blur and better spatial resolution for aortic calcification than those using conventional micro‐CT, evaluated by edge sharpness (slope of the normalized attenuation units, 1.6±0.3 versus 0.8±0.2) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio of the calcifications (118±34 versus 10±2); both P<0.05, n=6. Calcification volume in the arch inner curvature was 4 times bigger in the 129‐apoE KO than in the B6‐apoE KO mice (0.90±0.18 versus 0.22±0.10 mm3, P<0.01, n=7 and 5, respectively), whereas plaque areas in the inner curvature measured in dissected aorta were only twice as great in the 129‐apoE KO than in the B6‐apoE KO mice (6.1±0.6 versus 3.7±0.4 mm2, P<0.05). Consistent with this, histological calcification area in the plaques was significantly higher in the 129‐apoE KO than in the B6‐apoE KO mice (16.9±2.0 versus 9.6±0.8%, P<0.05, 3 animals for each). Conclusions A novel CNT‐based micro‐CT is a useful tool to evaluate vascular calcifications in living mice. Quantification from acquired images suggests higher susceptibility to calcification of the aortic arch plaques in 129‐apoE KO than in B6‐apoE KO mice.