WHILST numerous data concerning the nature of the fatty acids present in depot fat and liver are available [Banks and Hilditch, 1931; Klenk and Schoenebeck, 1932; Irving and Smith, 1935], there are few observations on the nature of the fatty acids in blood. This problem is clearly of importance, since knowledge as to the transport of fatty acids from the tissues and depots via the blood can only be obtained when the chemical nature and relative proportions of the various fatty acids present in the blood of animals in the post-absorptive state are known. As a contribution to this problem the present work was undertaken.


We present an abstract framework for the analysis of multigrid methods for a saddle point problem arising from mortar finite element discretizations. In contrast to other approaches, the iterates do not have to be in the positive definite subspace. Moreover, our approach also covers the case of nonnested Lagrange multiplier spaces. We apply the multigrid method to different mortar settings including dual Lagrange multipliers, linear elasticity, and a rotating geometry. Numerical results in two dimensions and three dimensions demonstrate the flexibility, efficiency, and reliability of our multigrid method.


The main thrust of the study was to explore the correlation between socio-economic status and discrimination among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) and non-infected people in two local government areas (LGAs) of Lagos state: Lagos Mainland, an urban setting, and Epe, a rural one. Multistage and systematic sampling techniques were used in 40 enumeration areas (25 in Lagos Mainland and 15 in Epe) to obtain a sample of 1,611 non-infected respondents and a purposive sample of 80 PLWHA. Interviews and focus group discussions were conducted from September 2005 to April 2006. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) while hypotheses were tested by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The results showed that many noninfected respondents exhibited discriminatory attitudes in different situations involving potential contacts with the PLWHA. The study also indicated that significant proportions of PLWHA experienced rejection, abandonment, eviction, isolation and alienation within their families and communities. It was revealed that education, place of residence, gender, and marital status were significant predictors of discrimination. Contrary to our argument that women were more vulnerable to discrimination than men, the reverse was the case in this study. Widowed/separated/divorced PLWHA suffered more discrimination than those in other categories of marital status. Empowerment of PLWHA, Intensive mass HIV education and enforcement of national and international legal instruments were recommended among others.


Urbanization is one of the extreme process that increases uncertainty in future climate projections. Flow regimes of mesoscale circulations associated with surface heating due to urbanization have been investigated using a wavelet based computational fluid dynamics~(CFD) model. The results of our numerical model have been validated against that of a laboratory model, as well as reference numerical simulations. Characteristics of urban induced circulations have been studied for surface heat flux perturbation ($H_0$) between $28.93$Wm$^{-2}$ and $925.92$Wm$^{-2}$, and the results have been analyzed against available boundary layer measurements under similar physical conditions. Our primary study shows that urban/rural heat flux anomalies introduce strong oscillations in the convective boundary layer (CBL), and transfers a fraction of the turbulent kinetic energy vertically through internal waves. Such results complement previous investigators' hypothesis that temporal oscillations in urban-induced mesoscale circulations are primarily due to a downscale energy cascade. Although a further detailed study is necessary, the present numerical observations provide useful feedback for the impacts of urbanization on regional climate.


There are numerous species of insects which, through their stings can cause many allergic and toxic reactions while transmitting a number of diseases. The studies show that in the last years, the frequency of these kind of accidents has risen, especially during summers which have higher temperatures. By taking these aspects into account, the purpose of the authors was to point out the clinical manifestations of these reactions as well as describing the therapeutic and preventive methods for these. The study was conducted on a number of 42 patients with ages between 2 and 79 years old, diagnosed with insect stings, over a period of 3 years in which different parameters were observed. The results of the study show an increase of this kind of "accidents" during summers with higher temperatures, the type of clinical manifestations, the evolution of patient treatment as well as the prevention methods which apply.


This article analyses the professional and family life course of a group of women from a working class background. To what extent do gender, class and ethnic inequalities interact with one another? Are these inequalities reinforced or weakened throughout the course of an individual's life? The use of the biographical method enabled the researcher to analyse the subjects' life course as a pattern of causal events, within the limits of statistical probability. The subjects> past contributes to a certain set of constraints and resources for future action, but does not determine their outcome, opening the possibility for atypical life courses which differ from normative social models.


We designed a visualization system comprised of different views to help restaurant owners with different tasks including designing a better menu, identifying loyal and non loyal customers and being able to manage their inventories in a more efficient and automatic way. We conducted a focus group with a number of restaurant owners to get their feedback about the designed views. Based on their positive feedback, we implemented a set of views that can be used in the web application which is designed for restaurant owners. Keywords—Information Visualization;


This essay argues that Senator Rand Paul's address at Howard University in April 2013, meant to bridge racial divides between the Republican Party and Black voters, actually represented a second-generation Southern Strategy. After tracing the original Southern Strategy, designed to polarize the electorate based on fears of Black enfranchisement, to the GOP in the 1960s, the essay defines its new form as a rhetoric depending on selective amnesia, neoliberalism, and postracialism. After demonstrating how each of those characteristics surfaced in Paul's address, the essay discusses the implications of his speech and his later attempts to learn from his failures.


The remaining useful life (RUL) is always important to the preventive maintenance of lithium-ion batteries. To achieve the accurate RUL prediction, a whale optimization algorithm (WOA) with multi-kernel relevance vector machine (MKRVM) model based on the discharge process data is introduced in this paper, health indicator (HI) that can characterize battery degradation is obtained from the discharge voltage, and the relationship between HI and capacity is evaluated by Person and Spearman. On this basis, a multi-kernel relevance vector machine (MKRVM) model is established. WOA is used to obtain the optimization weights of multi-kernel and enhance the performance of the model. Finally, the battery data from NASA is used to verify the performance of the model introduced in this paper.


Tha Bakony appears as a foreign body in Paleozoic and Triassic paleogeographic reconstructions (Schonlaub and Prey in Oberhauser, 1980). The distribution of Permian and Triassic facies zones in the Transdanubain Midmountains (western Hungary) enabled Kovacs (1983) to fit the Bakony-Drauzug Unit in the place of the foreign body.
The Bakony-Drauzug Unit (Bakonyicum) is defined as a separate tectono-facial unit of the Alpine system between the Eastern and Southern Alps, bordered by the Defereggental-Anterselva-Valles-Raba lineament (DAV-Raba Lineament) to the north and the Gailtal-Balaton Lineament to the south.
Paleogeographic reconstructions are presented for the Middle Eocene, Early Oligocene, Middle Oligocene, Late Oligocene-Earliest Miocene and the end of the Middle Miocene.
An eastward directed continental escape took place following the Mesoalpine tectogenesis: a 450 to 500 km shift in 25 to 30 million years, from Middle Eocene to Late Oligocene. A 35 degrees counterclockwise rotation in the Miocene (Marton, 1982, pers. comm.), connected with the folding of the Outer West Carpathians, completed the emplacement of the Bakony.


ders in promoting it.Case study it. The community under investigation covered during the second semester of the school year (2019/2020), s. The sample study was randomly sele . To achieve the objectives of th (50) paragraph came up with the following results: . Moreover, there were statistically significant differences between 'means, attributed to gender ed to experience. Al-Ras district, Dialog culture, Primary school students, School


This paper introduces the basic idea of data packet classifying algorithm and the assessing principle for a scheme of the packet classifying algorithm.Based on the existing ABV algorithm,the authors analyze the algorithm and put forward a new improved scheme,and make a performance analysis of this improved scheme.


Combat Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan involve hazardous front-line missions and attendant combat stress. Being ''outside the wire'' describes the danger zone; i.e., deployment outside the military base. Returning to civilian life, with no ''platoon'' to serve as a psychological safety net, veterans may once again experience- in a different sense-living ''outside the wire.'' Moreover, experiencing-or seeking help for- psychological distress is often perceived as weakness. How do we help these warriors maintain emotional, spiritual, in addition to physical, well-being ''outside the wire''? Combat experiences, if placed within a meaningful context, carry the potential to promote spiritual and emotional growth. As Frankl observed, war experiences hit the core of existential meaning, but even in great sorrow and suffering there is meaning. Framed by Frankl's work, an approach for promoting resilience in returning veterans is presented that is meaning based and transpersonal in focus. Recent combat operations in two theatres, Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) and Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan, involve military ground combat and hazardous security duty. Each base has exit and entry control points (E.C.P.s). Exiting these lines of departures (L.O.D.s) on a designated mission represents entry into the danger zone, as it is an ''asymmetrical battlefield;'' i.e., without an established front line. Another significant danger involves traveling the established main supply routes (M.S.R.s) or any road where one could experience injury or fatality related to I.E.D.s (improvised explosive devices) or V.B.E.D.s (vehicle borne explosive devices). The colloquial terminology by military personnel in the field to describe deployment outside of the military base is that of being ''outside the wire.''


The present work discusses an approach to access the physical spectrum of the Yang-Mills theory quantized in the Landau gauge. By using recent lattice data on the gluon propagator, it is possible to study the two-point functions of gauge invariant composite operators, from which masses of glueballs can be extracted. It turns out that the momentum dependence of the gluon propagator is very well reproduced by the corresponding tree-level gluon propagator obtained from the Refined Gribov-Zwanziger theory, which takes into account the presence of the Gribov horizon as well as the effect of condensates of mass dimension two. The resulting glueball masses are in good agreement with the available lattice data


Device‐quality hydrogenated amorphous silicon containing as little as 1/10 the bonded H observed in device‐quality glow discharge films have been deposited by thermal decomposition of silane on a heated filament. These low H content films show an Urbach edge width of 50 mV and a spin density of ∼1/100 as large as that of glow discharge films containing comparable amounts of H. High substrate temperatures, deposition in a high flux of atomic H, and lack of energetic particle bombardment are suggested as reasons for this behavior.


The invention discloses a bacterium for degrading benzo(a)pyrene and application thereof. The bacterium is acinetobacter sp.Bap30, CGMCC No.4586. The strain can grow with benzo(a)pyrene as the unique carbon source and energy, undergoes shake culture at the temperature of 37 DEG C for 20 days in the inorganic salt culture medium with benzo(a)pyrene concentration being 40mg/L and has degradation rate toward benzo(a)pyrene being 28.66%. The degradation rate of the strain toward benzo(a)pyrene can be effectively improved by adding defined amount of co-metabolic carbon sources, such as cane sugar and maltose. When another polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon phenanthrene is taken as a co-metabolic substrate and exists by being mixed with benzo(a)pyrene, the degradation rate of the strain toward benzo(a)pyrene can be improved to 48.87% and meanwhile, the strain can realize complete removal of phenanthrene. The strain provided by the invention can provide new microorganism resources for degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the water environment or soil environment.


In this instalment of our 2021 Spotlight on Nurses series, Laura Starr, nominee for Cardiovascular Nurse of the Year 2020, discusses how her career took shape and her passion for continuing develop...


Antifungal susceptibility of candida. To perform antifungal susceptibility testing on candida isolates by disk diffusion method & study its susceptibility pattern. The present study was conducted in the department of Microbiology in a tertiary care hospital in Hyderabad from January 2013 to June 2014, with prior approval of the Institutional Ethics Committee. The present study was designed to perform antifungal susceptibility test on Candida isolates by Disk Diffusion Method and study its susceptibility pattern. 102 Candida isolates were subjected to Antifungal susceptibility testing by Disk diffusion method using Mueller-Hinton Agar + 2% Glucose and 0.5 μg/mL Methylene Blue Dye (GMB) Mediumas per CLSI guidelines. : Antifungal susceptibility test shows that C. albicans is more susceptible to all the antifungal agents tested. Resistance to azole group of drugs was more pronounced in non-albicans candida spp. Voriconazole seemed to be superior to Fluconazole with a better susceptibility in the Fluconazole resistant strains also.Findings of the antifungal susceptibility test suggest that Candida spp., differ in their susceptibility to antifungal agents. Antifungal susceptibility testing of Candida isolates will be helpful in guiding physicians to select the appropriate antifungal drug so that therapeutic failures can be avoided thus decreasing patient morbidity and mortality.


Depression is a common mental disorder and severe depression can lead to suicide. Depression is accounting for large morbidity and mortality within the elderly section of the society. This community based cross sectional study was done among 100 elderly people in Madhupur, Field practice area of Department of Community Medicine, Tripura Medical College & Dr BRAM Teaching Hospital, Tripura, to assess the magnitude of depression and to find out factors associated with depression. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 100 household. Short form of Geriatric depression scale (GDS-15) was used to measure depression level. The prevalence of the depression among elderly population by using geriatric depression scale 15 was found to be 78%. Among them, 89.74% were suffering from severe depression and remaining 10.26% were suffering mild depression. A significant statistical association has been observed between depression and age of the participants (p value 0.00), and marital status (p value 0.04).


The paper critically examines why states act through international organization and how state behavior contributes to accountability deficit in international law. After highlighting the regulatory gap, the paper reflects on a range of normative and institutional possibilities to address the gap.


FIELD: radio-radiation protection. SUBSTANCE: material is meant to be applied onto various research-, medicine-, and household-destination objects and contains, as polymer binding agent, latex-based synthetic adhesive (80-20 wt %) and, as magnetic filler, powdered ferrite or iron carbonyl (20-80 wt %). Material is prepared by consecutively charging indicated polymer binder and magnetic filler into mixer, where they are stirred by rotary device for 7-10 min, the device being rotated alternately in two directions for 50-60 s in each direction. EFFECT: improved consumer characteristics. 2 cl, 1 dwg , 3 tbl


The prevalence of PPNG among pretreatment isolates at a VD Clinic in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1987, 649 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 339(52.2%) were PPNGs. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is
still increasing.


ABSTRACT Media framing plays an important role in shaping attitudes and behaviors toward climate change, but the literature remains split on whether positive or negative frames are more effective. Additionally, few studies have investigated the effects that message exposure may have on audiences long-term. This study used a longitudinal experiment to investigate how repeated exposure to negatively- or positively-valenced news articles about climate change impacts attitudes, behaviors, and policy preferences. Participants read either a positive or negative article each week over the course of four weeks, with a follow-up four weeks after treatment concluded. Exposure to both types of messaging increased climate concern and perceived importance in the short term, but this effect only persisted over time in the negatively-valenced article group. Exposure to positively-valenced articles was associated with short-term increases in self- and societal efficacy around climate change, but this did not persist over time. There were minimal effects on behaviors and policy preferences.


The subject of the conflicts of nationality laws has already been discussed at some length by the writer in articles published in the YALE LAW JOURNAL.1 Since those articles were published, this whole subject has received the attention of several organizations devoted to the study of international law problems and of the League of Nations, and the possibility of having these conflicts settled through international agreements of some kind seems less remote than it did a few years ago. In a meeting at Lima, Peru, in December 1924, the American Institute of International Law adopted a proposed Pan-American Convention on the subject of nationality. This project was discussed at the meetings of the American Society of International Law at Washington in April, 19252 and 1926. The general question was also discussed rather fully at the meeting of the International Law Association at Stockholm, September 8 to 13, 1924, and resolutions were adopted recommending the adoption of an international code, in the form of a model statute and multilateral convention.2 Last year the subject was taken up by the committee of the League of Nations on codification of international law, and the sub-committee on nationality laws reported in January last. This report has just been made public.4 In this article the writer will consider the subject with reference to the measures now being attempted for having conflicts of nationality laws settled by international agreements. Before attempting to make suggestions concerning a model statute to be recommended for adoption by all countries, or a multilateral treaty for the termination of conflicts of nationality laws, or both, it seems necessary to consider certain underlying principles or concepts, and in order to do this it is necessary to direct attention first to the conditions which give rise to the conflicts.


Improvisation can be an important element of mediation practice, and there are several ways in which mediation practice correlates to improvisational performance. In this article, two mediation experts and two skilled jazz musicians explore the improvisational aspects of mediation. Two central themes emerge: (1) mediators often use improvisational techniques, and (2) by being improvisational, mediators can create environments that would encourage the parties themselves to be improvisational. We argue that practitioners can enhance their effectiveness as mediators by mastering improvisational skills.


Allyltrimethylsilane was thermolysed to vinyltrimethylsilane at 500° with loss of the methylene group, the latter being inserted into an Si–H bond of RMe2Si–H by forming RMe2Si–Me.


Present-day laser-spectroscopy experiments increasingly rely on modern commercial devices to monitor, stabilize and scan the wavelength of their probe laser. Recently, new techniques are capable of achieving unprecedented levels of precision on atomic and nuclear observables, pushing these devices to their performance limits. Considering the fact that these observables themselves are deduced from the frequency difference between specific atomic resonances


At the beginning of 6m coke oven starting-up,the coke's quality was not steady.Therefore,more than 70 times of coking test for blend were finished with many coal ranks such as Xinwen coal,Guanzhuang coal,Shengfu coal,Yangquanqu coal Xinpo coal,Liangdu coal,Pucun coal etc.by 20kg test oven,petrographic examination and using CRI and CSR examination as main means.The blending plan was optimized and the coke's quality was improved.


The rock mass of the upper reservoir of the Huilong Pumped Storage Power Station was divided into the dominating and subordinate fracture system,thus,the hydrogeological structure with the function of water transmission and water storage was constructed.A three-dimensional numerical model for seepage calculation was developed for the double fracture system,providing a basis for decision-making in adoption of full-closed anti-seepage measure and new techniques for seepage control in reservoir area.Based on an optimal analysis,the placement of reinforced concrete slab was adopted in construction of structural belt and in front of the dam,and a new full-closed combined antiseepage technique with reinforced meshes hanged for shotcrete was adopted in the rest parts.The use of the techniques reduces the engineering investment,and all the indexes of shotcrete meet the design requirement in field experiment.


Abstract Higher Education is under pressure to produce graduates with the knowledge and skills for working in a globalised world and with the values and attitudes to behave as global citizens. Are GEES students developing these 'global perspectives' through their studies? A research project at the Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) has investigated the current status of the global dimension at discipline, department and institution levels. In GEES subjects, the picture is encouraging, with many of the building blocks for developing global perspectives already in place. The long-term vision is for a holistic approach where all the components contributing to global perspectives are integrated and embedded into the ethos, structures, activities and daily life of Higher Education institutions.


This paper builds a mixture representation of the reliability function of the conditional residual lifetime of a coherent system in terms of the reliability functions of conditional residual lifetimes of order statistics. Some stochastic ordering properties for the conditional residual lifetime of a coherent system with independent and identically distributed components are obtained, based on the stochastically ordered coefficient vectors.


To research the effect of exogenous metallothionein(MT)on apoptosis rate and cell cycle of lymphocytes in peripheral blood of dairy cattle under heat stress,20 lactating Chinese Holstein cows were selected and randomLy divided into group A,group B,group C and group D,Zn-MT in the levels of 0,4.0, 8.0 and 12.0 mg were supplemented by intravenous injection respectively. Blood samples were collected at 1st(before injection), 21st, 36th, 51st and 61st day,and the apoptosis related genes(cytc and Fas)expression were determined. The results showed that the expression levels of cytc and Fas genes of lymphocytes in peripheral blood were decreased after injection of MT,and the expression level of cytc in group B was lower than control group significantly(P0.05),the expression level of Fas in group D were decreased highly significantly(P0.01).


Through the research on the passing-ball route searching in the real-time dynamic environment of multi-agent systems (i.e.,robot soccer),the concept of the running range related to the control regions of the players of each team and its computation method are put forward in this paper. The problem of passing-ball route searching in case of large searching space is solved with genetic algorithm. Experimental and match results indicates that this method can effectively solve the problem of passing-ball route searching under the real-time dynamic circumstance of robot soccer.


Resumen en: We discuss the role of the electron temperature in abundance determinations in ionized nebulae (planetary nebulae and giant H II regions). We show that,...


e15124 Background: Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are found in human blood when cancers undergo metastatic dissemination, and CTCs have been reported as a surrogate marker for tumor response and linked to shorter survival in metastatic prostate cancer patients. This study assessed the use of CTCs as a continuous factor for clinical monitoring of prostate cancers patient in real time and evaluated the association between baseline CTC number, various clinical characteristics, and survival. Methods: CTCs were enumerated using the CellSearch FDA cleared CTC kit in 206 patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Variables including metastatic site, PSA, Gleason score, level of testosterone and androgen treatment were tested for association with CTC number. The probability of patient survival over time was estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Baseline CTC numbers were strongly associated with survival (p<0.0001), with overall survival being significantly poorer in patients with ≥5 CTCs. Significantly hi...


Seismo‐ionospheric anomalies have been reported, while its disturbance modes, patterns, and mechanism are very complex for different kinds of earthquakes. The earthquake with Mw = 7.2 occurred off the coast of Northern California with strike‐slip faulting on 15 June 2005, which may provide a new insight on ionospheric disturbance waves and patterns from dense Global Positioning System (GPS) observations. In this paper, the detailed seismic ionospheric disturbance modes and characteristics are investigated from dense GPS observations following the 2005 Northern California offshore earthquake. Around 10 min after the earthquake, significant ionospheric disturbances are observed by GPS total electron content (TEC). Furthermore, two‐mode ionospheric disturbances are clearly found with two speeds, 1.51 and 2.31 km/s. The slow‐propagating mode has an amplitude of 0.02–0.04 total electron content unit (TECU), while the fast‐propagating mode has an amplitude of 0.1–0.2 TECU. The frequency spectrogram of the slow mode is around 3.7 mHz, while typical frequency of the fast mode is about 5.3 mHz. The fast‐propagating mode is close to the speed of the seismic Rayleigh wave, which is the up propagating secondary acoustic wave triggered by the Rayleigh wave. The slow mode ionospheric disturbance is propagating horizontally as the acoustic wave at the ionospheric level, which is caused by the fault rupture in focal regions.


It illustrates the function and the construction technologies of corrugated steel pipe culvert,and combining with the specific application of corrugated steel pipe culvert in one project,discusses its processes and technologies,and outlook the application prospect of corrugated steel pipe culvert,so as to show the superiority of steel structures better and better.


CSR is an age-old concept and business organisations have been contributing towards social and community development. It is the deliberate inclusion of public concern into corporate decisions with a fundamental principle not only as a public policy. but also that corporates should be responsive to social issues and it revolves around sustainability, accountability and transparency. Thus, CSR involves relocation of resources from private to public bodies for environmental and social benefits and integrates organisational core business with social and environmental concerns of the community; so as to provide impetus to economic development and improve the living standard of the people.


Results of own works of the authors and works of the Russian, Japanese, Korean and American experts in creation nanocomposites of refractory metals with increased strength characteristics for cathodes are analyzed in this report. It is shown, that though monocrystals have shown the better characteristics in comparison with traditional polycrystals as cathodes, more radical way of increase of operational characteristics of the X-ray tubes is application refractory nanostructural materials. Some results of investigations in which the work function electrons of nanocrystal tungsten is lower by 0.8 eV than that of traditional tungsten are given. This effect is able to increase the intensity of X-radiation considerably (by a factor of more than 5) at the same cathode temperatures or decrease the temperature of a cathode by 400 °C at the same intensity of X-radiation.


The potential for carbon fixation was investigated in in vitro strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch. Kent) shoots 5, 10 and 28 d after transfer to a rooting medium. The activities of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (Rubisco) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) and the time course of 14CO2 fixation were investigated. Five days after transfer, Rubisco activity was low but was increased two-fold after 28 d. In contrast PEPC activity was highest at 5 d and declined to about 0.4-fold by day 28. The rate of 14CO2 fixation was similar at 5, 10 and 28 d after transfer. However, a more rapid incorporation of 14CO2 into amino acids was observed at 5 than at 10 or 28 d after transfer. These results suggest that strawberry shoots undergo a progressive transition from heterotrophic to autotrophic carbon fixation during their rooting and that PEPC plays an important role in sustaining carbon fixation and amino acid synthesis during the first few days after their transfer to rooting medium. Key words: In vi...


The breakdown of allochthonous organic matter is considered to be the main source of energy and nutrients for the majority of first-order streams. Thus, land-use change and riparian vegetation, such as deforestation and conversion of native forest to pasture lands, will lead to unwanted changes of the structure and function of aquatic ecosystems due to the disturbance of organic-matter supply. The C4 grasses, extensively used as forage in tropical regions, are poorly studied as important sources of allochthonous material because they are usually considered as a poor source of nutrients. Because the effects of land-use change on ecosystem functions are not fully known, we aimed to evaluate how such changes in riparian vegetation can affect nutrient cycling by means of measuring the decomposition rate of an abundant native C3 species and an exotic C4 grass species in first-order streams of the Atlantic Forest. Our results showed that C4 detritus decomposed faster than did C3 detritus, despite its lower nutrient concentration. This was likely to be due to the lower lignin concentration of the C4 species than the native C3 species. Lignin also influenced nutrient-loss dynamics of the C3 species, because it can interact with other cellular constituents and prevent the decomposition of most labile compounds. Our results supported the observation that the replacement of riparian vegetation alters breakdown rates and nutrient distributions, which may disrupt aquatic food webs.


A general lesson learned in a scientific life time is presented, namely on how to judge the validity of a theory by the use of Occam's razor, and the application of this lesson to theoretical efforts in the area of the plastic deformation of solids.


This research aim to for the mendeskripsikan of values education of character in columns Palanta Newspaper of Singgalang Field. Theory which is used in this research is character reality told by Hasan ( 2010), reality education of character told by Morelent, ( 2011), and values education of character told by Hasan dkk ( 2010). this Research type is research qualitative, with descriptive method mengunakan. Pursuant to data analysis found by eight aspect education of character with amount of data fourty five data which consist of, fourteen data concerning value care environment, thirteen data concerning democratic value, eight data concerning value care social, three data concerning discipline value, three data concerning value of religi, two data concerning creative value, one data concerning value feel to like to know, one data concerning brotherly value. Thereby, can be concluded that in columns Palanta Newspaper of Singgalang this Field there are values picture education of character affecting is positive. Keyword: Values education of character in columns Palanta Newspaper of Singgalang Field.


The formation of supramolecular complexes produced by association of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) and mixtures of sodium cholate (NaC) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was investigated by pH, electrical conductivity, fluorescence spectroscopy and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. The fluorescence linked to previously measured values of pH and conductivity led to the conclusion that NaC and SDS molecules firstly bind to specific sites of the PEI chains via electrostatic interaction and secondly undergo self-assembly through regular cooperative association. The interaction of NaC with the polyelectrolyte PEI is weaker than that of SDS and the addition of SDS to the NaC-PEI system led to the formation of mixed NaC-SDS micelles which stronger interact with PEI. The SAXS results suggested that the micellar aggregates have a considerably ellipsoidal characteristic and the micellar shape is not affected by the surfactant concentration nor by χNaC.


Monitoring of vital parameters plays a key role in better understanding the clinical condition of hospitalized patients. In this perspective, the virtual biosensor for MEDIcal WARNing precursor (MEDIWARN) aims to help the medical team to take a prompt action in response to the evolution of patients' health condition. This paper presents the MEDIWARN network architecture and discusses the design challenges that such a system poses. Simulative assessments provide a preliminary evaluation of the system in realistic scenarios.


The hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 ion channel plays a critical role during infectious virus production and represents an important new therapeutic target. Its activity is blocked by structurally distinct classes of small molecules, with sensitivity varying between isolate p7 sequences. Although this is indicative of specific protein–drug interactions, a lack of high‐resolution structural information has precluded the identification of inhibitor binding sites, and their modes of action remain undefined. Furthermore, a lack of clinical efficacy for existing p7 inhibitors has cast doubt over their specific antiviral effects. We identified specific resistance mutations that define the mode of action for two classes of p7 inhibitor: adamantanes and alkylated imino sugars (IS). Adamantane resistance was mediated by an L20F mutation, which has been documented in clinical trials. Molecular modeling revealed that L20 resided within a membrane‐exposed binding pocket, where drug binding prevented low pH‐mediated channel opening. The peripheral binding pocket was further validated by a panel of adamantane derivatives as well as a bespoke molecule designed to bind the region with high affinity. By contrast, an F25A polymorphism found in genotype 3a HCV conferred IS resistance and confirmed that these compounds intercalate between p7 protomers, preventing channel oligomerization. Neither resistance mutation significantly reduced viral fitness in culture, consistent with a low genetic barrier to resistance occurring in vivo. Furthermore, no cross‐resistance was observed for the mutant phenotypes, and the two inhibitor classes showed additive effects against wild‐type HCV. Conclusion: These observations support the notion that p7 inhibitor combinations could be a useful addition to future HCV‐specific therapies. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)


Subtitle: The search is on for alternative fuels with several industries working together to provide solutions that are suitable, sustainable and scalable.


Motion JPEG2000 has been widely used for its fine scalability with bit stream and its efficiency. A single scalable bitstream can provide precise rate control for variable bitrate (VBR) traffic. This paper presents an algorithm that makes use of correlation among the video frames to get consistent quality. By using one frame's distortion-rate to predict the next several frames' distortion-rate values, according to correlation among frames, we use only a few buffers to achieve highly consistent quality which used to use many buffers to achieve. Experimental results using motion JPEG2000 demonstrate substantial benefits.


An optical fiber sensing scheme used for cure monitoring during composite curing cycle is presented. The sensing mechanism is based on the change in refractive index during cure process of the composite. An optical fiber sensor embedded in the composite was used for detecting the variation of the refractive index of cure resin in composite materials during its curing cycle. A carbon fiber/epoxy composite laminate was used for experiments in this paper.


The aim of this research is to provide a physical complete and numerical efficient simulation method to predict developed cavitation in hydrodynamic turbomachinery as well as in micro fluid dynamic applications, e.g. in high pressure injection nozzles of combustion engines. Cavitating two-phase flows are always very unstable, highly unsteady, 3-D and turbulent. To understand cavitation dynamics and its interaction with viscous effects like boundary layers and separation, we introduce the single-phase turbulence k - w model of Wilcox [1] without modifications with respect to dispersed structures of bubbly liquids, which overestimates viscous effects in the transitional regime between the vapor and liquid phase and tends to suppress typical cavitation instabilities. Consequently our further approach consists of modifications of the single-phase Wilcox model to account for the strong nonlinear variation of the turbulent viscosity μ t , depending on the local void fraction a. The key issue of all numerical methods for simulation of cavitating flows is the treatment of the sudden density change of the fluid, in cold water up to 40.000:1, embedded in a global incompressible liquid flow. Here the two-phase fluid is modeled as dispersed mixture of an incompressible liquid and tiny vapor bubbles which grow or collapse, accordingly to the local static pressure and their convective transport. Therefore, the standard VOF method for capturing distinct interfaces without phase transition, e.g. free surface flow or single bubbles, is extended to include phase transition of dispersed mixtures. For simulation of bubble dynamics we apply the Rayleigh equation, which is completed by an energy balance to account for thermal effects, if hot water or if technical fluids others than water, e.g. refrigerants, with high vapor densities are considered. By using our CFD tool CAVKA we present examples of cavitating flow around hydrofoils and through single hole injection nozzles. Comparing Euler and single-phase turbulence simulations, results based on the inviscid approach are closer to experiments, which indicates an interesting option to reduce computational time.


According to the person job-fit (PJ-Fit) theory, high PJ-Fit leads to positive work outcomes. However, empirical evidence is not always aligned with this theory, and scholars endlessly called for further research to find the reasons for this. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of employees' person job-fit (PJ-Fit) on their work engagement and the moderating role of abusive supervision on the relationship between PJ-Fit and work engagement. This study was conducted with 114 employees working in public-sector organizations in the northern part of Sri Lanka. Hierarchical multiple regression was employed to analyze the data. Personal and demographical variables (age, gender, marital status, and experience) have been controlled in this study. This study's outcomes indicated that PJ-Fit has a significant (positive) impact on work engagement and the relationship between PJ-Fit and engagement is moderated by abusive supervision. The employees with high PJ-Fit are profoundly engage in their work. However, abusive supervision negatively influences work engagement and weakens the positive impact of PJ-Fit on work engagement. This study extends the literature by investigating the influence of PJ-Fit on work engagement and being the first to introduce the abusive supervision as a moderator on this relationship. This study suggests that recruiting employees who fit well to the job is necessary, but it is not sufficient to make them engage in their work. The Organization needs to take necessary steps to avoid abusive supervision to create an engaged workforce that is a crucial indicator of organizational success


This paper is a comparative analysis of the cognitive correlation between the direction words and the direction symbols, involving Altaic, Sino-Tibetan, and Indo-European in its etymological explanations. In ancient mythology the scaly and shell-covered animals such as turtle, toad, and snake served to be a symbol for the north. This symbolization helped early people in the region to conceptualize the northern direction with the words for these animals. For example, Uigur paka 'toad' corresponds to Chinese pak 'north', and Chinese kui 'turtle' - Mongolian koina 'north'. It is only when our understanding of the nature of the direction symbols deepens, that their correlation with the direction words will become known. Key Words: Cardinal Directions; Central Eurasia; Altaic; Sino-Tibetan; Indo-European; Mythology; Cosmogony; Zoographic symbolism. 1. Introduction Direction words constitute a set of interdependent references contrasting to each other. In many languages the number of cardinal points differentiated by distinct lexemes runs to four: east and west, south and north. In order to launch a more global treatment of direction words, a broad definition of direction awareness is used as the criterion for inclusion in this study. I regard direction awareness as ranging from the cardinal points to such secondary directions as left and right, front and back, and to upper and lower (or zenith and nadir). A careful examination of the names of these directions and sides will have implications on generalizations about how directions arc perceived and determined in human cognition. The number of the direction words tends to be of closed feature, and they belong to the category of basic vocabulary in a language. However, these words have condensed cognitive achievements of human intelligence, and by these words the human beings are able to express and locate directions in their everyday life. The cardinal directions may be represented symbolically by celestial bodies and their manifested patterns, animals, and natural phenomena such as winds blowing from certain directions. What has been done so far in the area of symbolization of cardinal points in different cultures did not develop the idea toward a theory of synthesizing the direction symbols and direction words from the cognitive and linguistic perspectives. This paper is a comparative and relativistic analysis of the cognitive correlation between the direction words and the direction symbols in Central Eurasia, involving Altaic, Sino-Tibetan, and Indo-European languages in its etymological explanations. The paper is organized in the following manners. In section 2 I discuss the direction symbolism and its cognitive significance in etymologizing direction words. Section 3 is concerned with the problem in direction words studies by drawing on Altaic data. In section 4 I put forward my etymological solutions to a number of direction words in terms of their cognitive correlation with direction symbols. And section 5 is a conclusion. 2. Direction Symbolism and its Cognitive Significance In order to carry out a systematic examination of the cross-linguistic interaction of direction symbols and direction words, we need to elaborate in some detail how cardinal points could be symbolically delineated. In history the determination of cardinal points was replete with instances of correlation between direction symbols and direction words. Thus, there were numerous precedents in different cultures for the methods employed and the patterns achieved. The location and possible movement of the celestial bodies in the sky serve to be constant sources and reminders for the human beings to coindex them with directions. This stellar symbolization of directions and time flows probably had been present in the world since unmemorable remote antiquity and should be regarded as the most important pattern the human beings had habituated. In his study of the Roman customs in measuring time flow, Mommsen (1908:267) writes: In the division of time the returns of sunrise and sunset, and of the new and full moon, most directly arrest the attention of man. …


Presentation of Case A 54-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of a mass in the right thigh and a radiographic density in a lung. The patient had been well until three months earlier, when he observed painless swelling of the right thigh, which enlarged progressively. Nine weeks before entry an ultrasonographic examination was reported to show a hypoechoic soft-tissue mass, 5.2 by 3.2 by 1.8 cm, in the thigh. Microscopical examination of a biopsy specimen of the mass was said to reveal fibrous tissue, inflammation, and granulation tissue. One month before admission the mass was larger, with swelling . . .


Objectives This single-centre prospective randomised controlled study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of dignity therapy on spiritual well-being, demoralisation and dignity-related distress compared with standard palliative care. Methods A total of 111 terminally ill hospice patients were randomly allocated to one of two groups: dignity therapy plus standard palliative care (intervention group) or standard palliative care alone (control group). The main outcomes were meaning, peace, faith, loss of meaning and purpose, distress and coping ability, existential distress, psychological distress and physical distress. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 7–10 and 15–20 days. Results Following randomisation, 11 dropped out before baseline assessment and 33 after post-treatment assessment. A total of 67 patients completed the study, 35 in the experimental group and 32 in the control group. Repeated measures general linear model showed significant differences between groups on peace and psychological distress over time, but not on existential distress, physical distress, meaning and purpose, distress and coping ability, meaning and faith. Specifically, patients in the dignity therapy intervention maintained similar levels of peace from baseline to follow-up, whereas patients in the control group significantly declined in peace during the same time period. Moreover, psychological distress significantly decreased from pretreatment to post-treatment in the intervention group and increased in the control group. Conclusions Dignity therapy may be an effective intervention in maintaining sense of peace for terminally ill patients. The findings of our study are of relevance in palliative care and suggest the potential clinical utility of this psychological intervention.


Ancient doctors knew that laughter, hysterical or otherwise, sometimes presented as a symptom of mental disturbances of various kinds (and indeed of rare physical conditions); equally, they realized that there was a role to be played by laughter in treating mental disorders such as depression. This chapter traces this history, with specific focus on certain texts, in particular the pseudo-Hippocratic correspondence concerning the "madness" of Democritus, in which the concerned citizens of Abdera, Democritus' hometown, ask the great doctor to advise them concerning the philosopher's apparently pathological, continuous laughter. This premise frames the first topic: when is laughter pathological, and hence a genuine diagnostic tool? This question leads into the chapter's second concern, namely, what use can laughter be put to in the treatment of disorders such as depression and melancholy? The chapter also briefly examines the question of the relationship between the mental and the physiological presupposed by such therapeutic practices.


Spiny keratoderma and porokeratosis have similar histologic features. But spiny keratoderma does not show vacuolization and/or dyskeratosis of underlying spinous layer, cornoid lamella, or lymphocytic infiltration of the papillary dermis as seen in porokeratosis. Differentiation between punctate keratoderma and porokeratosis is essential because the latter is associated with basal and squamous cell carcinoma.


The problem of unsteady coupled moisture, air and heat energy transport through a porous solid is studied numerically using singular boundary integral representation of the governing equations. The governing transport equations are written and solved for the continuous driving potentials, i.e. relative humidity, temperature and air pressure. The boundary and interface conditions are discussed. The integral equations are discretized using mixed-boundary elements and a multidomain method also known as the macro-elements technique. The numerical model uses quadratic approximation over space and linear approximation over time for all field functions, which provides highly accurate numerical results. Three test benchmark examples (moisture uptake in a semi-infinite region, air transfer through a lightweight wall, and moisture redistribution inside a multilayered wall with capillary-active interior insulation), were analyzed to show the applicability and accuracy of the simulation model developed.


The imaging detector of the nuclear radiation is applied widely in radiation detection, the safety monitor and nuclear medical imaging. We aimed to make scientific researches on nuclear radiant source through the pinhole imaging system .The imaging system was designed that base on the Imarad 16×16 pixel-array CdZnTe semiconductor detector. The detector has high sensitivity to low energy under 200kev at room temperature. We applied the detector and pinhole system to obtain the image of the radiant source that the energy was up 200kev.The detection efficiencies of 38.92 mm×38.92 mm by 5 mm thick CdZnTe pixel-array detector were measured. The capability of the whole system was test and evaluated. The rough image of the radiant source was achieved through the test. When the location of the source and pinhole parameter were changed, the image would vary correspondingly. The accurate image could acquired by means of image reconstruction .So it is feasible that the research about the localization and qualification of the nuclear radiation is making use of the pinhole system.


Supply circuit a safety valve for ignition of a gas burner, said safety valve (2) fed by a thermocouple (3) being flame detector. The power supply circuit (1) comprises conditioning means (4) of an input signal (E) to convert an output signal (S) adapted to hold open the safety valve (2), and said input signal ( E) is generated from the energy stored in a capacitor (5), charging said condenser (5) at the time when the gas burner is activated.


Travelogue is one of the most popular genre of Urdu Literature in which reality is kept in focus instead of imaginative or hypothetical aspects of life. The foremost condition of writing a travelogue is to travel to some city, country, or continent and to observe the culture and customs, living conditions, habits, norms, values, and traditions of the people of that particular area. A travelogue provides political, social, cultural, educational, and historical information. History is an important feature in travelogue and it is given a lot of importance to perceive the traditions and customs of a social group. Travelogues not only safeguard the customs of any particular group or age but they are the means through which these customs are transferred from one generation to another. Pakistani travelogue authors who focus on the illustration of tradition and custom-based travelogue are more successful and effective than any other writers. Every author presented cultural aspects of other countries by focusing on their racial, lingual, and historical features. These travelogues not only fulfill the demand of the present age but also highlight the critical point of view. China is believed to be one of the biggest cultural countries whose historical evidence resembles the age Before Christ. The world's largest population is present in China and which is approximately 1.40 billion. This article will delineate the cultural and traditional aspects of China, provide a critical view of China's customs and provide a comparison of culture and tradition between China and Pakistan.


The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of constructivist learning environments on student's performance achievement in word processing of practical arts education in elementary school. The subject for experiment was 6th grade elementary school students. The researcher used a quassi-experimental, non-equivalent control group design to determine the effects to determine the effects of constructivist learning environments on student's performance achievement in word processing. In conclusion, the constructivism classroom was more effective than the traditional classroom for improving of learning task performance of word-processing in Content Organizing and Task Performance in Time for word-processing. But there is no difference between the two groups in Content Design Briefing and Software Operating for word-processing. Based upon the conclusions of this study, constructivism learning environments for increasing the ability of task performance should be carefully applied to elementary practical arts education.


Abstract Background Identifying the optimal sequence of EGFR TKIs is important to maximise survival in EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm+) NSCLC. The observational GioTag study (NCT03370770) investigated outcomes in patients (pts) with EGFRm+ NSCLC who were treated with sequential afatinib and osimertinib in a 'real-world' clinical setting, including pts with poor prognosis (ECOG PS ≥ 2: 15%; stable brain metastases: 10%).1 In the primary analysis, time to treatment failure (TTF) was 27.6 months in the overall population, 30.3 months in Del19-positive pts, and 46.7 months in Asians. Here we report overall survival (OS) and updated TTF. Methods Data were retrospectively collected from Dec 2017–June 2018 for 203 pts with EGFRm + (Del19, L858R) NSCLC who were T790M positive after first-line afatinib and subsequently received osimertinib. TTF was the primary outcome; OS analysis was exploratory. Data were collected from electronic health records (EHRs; n = 126) or medical charts (n = 77). For logistical reasons, this interim analysis includes updated data (at April 2019) from pts with available EHRs (all USA; n = 94); final analysis with updated data from manual chart reviews is anticipated in early 2020. Results After median follow-up of 30.3 months, median OS was 41.3 months (90% CI: 36.8–46.3) in the overall dataset (n = 203) and 45.7 months (90% CI: 45.3–51.5) in Del19-positive pts (n = 149); 2-year OS was 80%. OS in Asians was immature. Updated median TTF was 28.1 months (90% CI: 26.8–30.3) in all pts, and 30.6 months (90% CI: 27.6–32.0) in Del19-positive pts. Median TTF with osimertinib was 15.6 months (90% CI: 13.8–17.1) in the overall dataset, and 16.4 months (90% CI: 14.9–17.9) in Del19-positive pts. Median time from osimertinib discontinuation to death was 8 months. In 168 pts starting on afatinib 40 mg, median OS was 45.3 months (90% CI: 37.6–47.6); median TTF was 28.1 months (90% CI: 26.8–30.6). Conclusions Encouraging OS and TTF was seen in pts with EGFR T790M-positive NSCLC with sequential afatinib and osimertinib, especially Del19-positive pts. Of note, prior afatinib treatment did not preclude prolonged TTF with second-line osimertinib. 1. Hochmair MJ, et al. Future Oncol. 2018;14:2861–74. Clinical trial identification NCT03370770. Editorial acknowledgement Lynn Pritchard of GeoMed, an Ashfield company, part of UDG Healthcare plc. Legal entity responsible for the study Boehringer Ingelheim. Funding Boehringer Ingelheim. Disclosure M.J. Hochmair: Honoraria (self): AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Boehringer Ingelheim; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Merck Sharp & Dohme; Honoraria (self): Pfizer; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Roche; Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis. A. Morabito: Honoraria (self): Roche; Honoraria (self): AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self): Pfizer; Honoraria (self): Boehringer Ingelheim; Honoraria (self): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self): Merck Sharp and Dohme. D. Hao: Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Boehringer Ingelheim; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): AstraZeneca. R.A. Soo: Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Boehringer Ingelheim; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Celgene; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Ignyta; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Lilly; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Merck; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Pfizer; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Roche; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Taiho; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Takeda; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Yuhan. J.C-H. Yang: Honoraria (self): Merck Sharp and Dohme; Advisory / Consultancy: Merck Serono; Honoraria (self): Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy: Celgene; Advisory / Consultancy: Merrimack; Advisory / Consultancy: Yuhan Pharmaceuticals; Honoraria (self): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self): Ono pharmaceuticals; Advisory / Consultancy: Daiichi Sankyo; Advisory / Consultancy: Hansoh Pharmaceuticals; Advisory / Consultancy: Takeda Pharmaceuticals; Advisory / Consultancy: Blueprint Medicines; Advisory / Consultancy: G1 Therapeutics; Honoraria (self): Pfizer. B. Halmos: Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): AstraZeneca; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Pfizer; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Novartis; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Merck Sharp and Dohme; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Bristol-Myers Squibb; Advisory / Consultancy, Research grant / Funding (self): Boehringer Ingelheim; Advisory / Consultancy: Genentech; Advisory / Consultancy: Spectrum; Advisory / Consultancy: Ignyta; Research grant / Funding (self): Takeda; Research grant / Funding (self): Guardant Health; Research grant / Funding (self): Mirati; Research grant / Funding (self): AbbVie; Research grant / Funding (self): Novartis; Research grant / Funding (self): GSK; Advisory / Consultancy: Foundation Medicine; Advisory / Consultancy: Guardant Health. L. Wang: Full / Part-time employment: Boehringer Ingelheim. A. Marten: Full / Part-time employment: Boehringer Ingelheim. T. Cufer: Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: AstraZeneca; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Roche; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Pfizer; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Merck Sharp and Dohme; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Bristol-Myers Squibb; Honoraria (self), Advisory / Consultancy: Boehringer Ingelheim. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest.


The basidiomycete Volvariella bombycina (Pluteaceae) is included in red lists of fungi in Poland and some other countries. Its distribution in Poland is presented, based on published data as well as 12 new locations. Platanus × acerifolia is reported for the first time as a host of this fungus. Another six tree species are new hosts for V. bombycina in Poland. These new data confirm the high ecological plasticity of the species. It is found in urban areas, forests, tree lines along roads, and a village park. Based on the new distribution data for V. bombycina in Poland, according to IUCN red-listed criteria it should be classified as LC (least concern).


Currently, multinational fast-food restaurant like the American fast food restaurant business is in great demand in Asian countries, especially in Indonesia. Maybe it can be categorised as a trend that is currently in effect. The uniqueness of the presentation or product appearance, the various types of menus and tastes, the restaurant environment, the prices offered, and several other factors contribute to creating the purchase intention of Indonesian customers. However, it is still rare to use this concept of thinking as the basic basis for measuring customer satisfaction, especially in American fast food restaurant branches in Asia, especially in Indonesia. Based on this explanation, the purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between product quality, service quality, physical environment quality, perceived price, satisfaction, loyalty, happiness, and trust in the customers of the fastfood restaurant. We distributed online questionnaires via google with a purposeful sampling method to 130 respondents conducted in July 2021. This study uses the SEM analysis method. The results show that there is a relationship between perceived price, product quality, service quality, physical environment quality, and customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction has a positive effect on loyalty and happiness. Trust can moderate the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty. The results can be applied by fastfood restaurants that are interested in learning about similar factors that can increase customer satisfaction and loyalty, especially in developing countries that have almost the same respondent criteria as Indonesia. Implications for Central European audience: The knowledge used in various marketing studies that support customer satisfaction and customer loyalty can be built on the quality they receive and their perception of the price of the product. Also noteworthy is the finding that the effect of product quality and service quality does not always affect each product category. These results can be utilised by fast-food restaurant businessmen and other


In this work, we develop and evaluate a wide range of feature spaces for deriving Levinstyle verb classifications (Levin, 1993). We perform the classification experiments using Bayesian Multinomial Regression (an efficient log-linear modeling framework which we found to outperform SVMs for this task) with the proposed feature spaces. Our experiments suggest that subcategorization frames are not the most effective features for automatic verb classification. A mixture of syntactic information and lexical information works best for this task.


Aged peasants are a special group among the land-lost peasants,they have more dependent on their land,housing and rural way of life than other groups significantly.How to protect the interests of the land-lost aged peasants,properly resolve their problems of old-age security with which they can enjoy a sense of security,a sense of belonging,good health and a feeling of personal worth is a problem that can not be avoided.Based on the analysis of changes in the life of the aged peasants including production and living before and after the land acquisition and house demolition,this article takes apart the profit and loss for the elderly which brought by the housing replacement,land replacement and the role replacement as a result of land acquisition and house demolition.At the end of this article,there is an analysis of the current policy of house demolition and land acquisition,also some suggestions in such areas as policy recommendations related to housing support,old-age insurance,protection of the rights and interests.


Extended Eiickel molecular orbitals (EEMO) calculated for orthosilicic acid, (Ds symmetry) have the same symmetry as the orbitals in the ab initio SCF MO solution; moreover, the calculation yields electronic configuration, relative order of MO energies, and LCAO-MO coefficients that bear a reasonably close similarity with the ab initin results (Collins, Cruickshank, and Breeze, 1972). Mulliken (195.5) bond overlap populations, n,(Si-O), calculated for the hypothetically distorted (C",, C*, C,) silicate ions and orthosilicic acid, with all Si-O ,= 1.63A, predict that stronger (shorter) bonds should be involved in the wider tetrahedral valence angles and that weaker (longer) ones should be involved in the narrower angles. The total Hiickel energy calculated for the silicate ion as a function of the O-Si-O angles shows a minimum, E-r", at the ideal tetrahedral angle of 109.47' when all Si-O distances are equal in length. For a silicate ion (C", symmetry) with one short apical bond (para,llel to C") and three long basal bonds, E'-r" results when the three angles involving the short apical bond are wider than the remaining three angles. These predictions are consistent with the experimentally observed steric details. In silicates such eteric details are usually associated with polyhedra sharing their elements to form stable crystalline solids. Long Si-O bonds opposite shared edges invaria.bly involve narrow O-Si-O angles whereas short ones opposite unshared edges involve wide angles. The tetrahedral angular distortions and associated Si-O bond length variations observed in BasSLNboOm, humites, benitoite, sodium metasilicate, and olivines are shown to be qualitatively consistent with the predictions of EHMO theory. The mean z(Si-O) for distorted tetrahedra is nearly identisal with that calculated for a regular one with Si-O 163A. This may provide justification for Cruickshank's (f961) rule that the average Si-O distance within a silicate ion is -1.634 so that as one or more Si-O bonds shorten, the others lengthen so as to preserve the average. The EIIMO calculations indicate that accompanying changes in n(Si-O) of individual bonds for distorted tetra,hedra there a.re also variations in the net charges, Q(O), of the oxygen atoms. Using Mulliken's definition of ionic bond orders for heteropolar molecules, it is suggested that the variations in 8(O) may be related to Pauling's (1929) sum of electrostatic bond strengths, f(O).


As a developing country, Bangladesh is undergoing a huge expansion in industrial and commercial infrastructures which is resulting in the acceleration of energy demand exponentially and it will continue in the same trend in the coming future. These growing demands have necessitated the approaches to generate energy from the sustainable resources, not only to meet the energy requirements but also to reduce GWP (Global Warming Potential), decrease CO2 emissions, and ensure cost effectiveness in the long run.


Congratulations to Heisey and colleagues (2010) for an analysis of complex ecological data within a process-oriented framework and an equally thoughtful discussion of the ongoing challenges of linking process and pattern. Their work joins a growing literature linking modern statistical methods for describing patterns in data with expanded sets of ecologically-motivated mathematical models of population dynamics. My comments build on the authors' framework and discussion to describe a continuum that (I feel) encompasses a conceptual path between process and pattern and illustrates how hierarchical models provide a convenient area within which to explore this continuum.


ABSTRACT Working therapeutically with people who experience psychosis can be demanding, confusing and even terrifying for psychotherapists, yet there is very little research that has systematically investigated the experiences of psychotherapists concerning their engagement with psychotic phenomena. Theoretically, it has been proposed that managing countertransferential responses to a patient's psychosis is a crucial component of working psychoanalytically with such conditions. In light of this theoretical premise, the study reported upon in this article investigated some of the negative countertransferential dynamics observed by psychotherapists who engage in clinical work with patients presenting with psychotic states or conditions. Focused semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapists. Two core themes emerging from the study are discussed: firstly, the psychotherapist's experience of madness; and secondly, the role of the body and somatic communication. The themes convey important aspects of countertransferential experiences related to the therapeutic encounter with psychosis.


We derive a bosonized Hamiltonian for a semiconductor quantum well with a light field by a new bosonization method taking exactly into account the composite-particle effects of excitons. Then we apply the bosonized Hamiltonian to the four-wave-mixing (FWM) processes. The obtained Hamiltonian describes two-boson states corresponding to bound and unbound two-exciton states and guarantees exclusion of unphysical states, which cannot exist in the fermionic space due to the Pauli exclusion principle. Calculated results of the FWM signals are in good agreement with the experimental ones, and therefore, the bosonized Hamiltonian turns out to be able to describe two-exciton correlations effectively.


Atrial infarction (AI) is rarely diagnosed before death because of its characteristically subtle and nonspecific ECG findings. AI occurs in 0.7 to 52% of ST-elevation myocardial infarctions. Its incidence in autopsy has been widely variable, from 0.7 to 42%, with a large series of 182 patients demonstrating an incidence of 17%.1 Ischemic damage to the atrial myocardium is usually associated with infarction of cardiac ventricles, but isolated AI can occur.2

AI ECG patterns
The ECG patterns of AI are generally subtle because of the thinner atrial walls and their inability to generate enough voltage to be appreciated on the ECG. This atrial voltage is also often eclipsed by the depolarization of the larger ventricles. Although several AI ECG patterns have been described, none have been validated by prospective studies. The first description of "infarctus auricularis" was made 93 years ago by Cler.3 Twenty-two years later, Langendorf reported one case of AI found at autopsy that in retrospect could have been recognized antemortem from ECG changes.4 Hellerstein reported the first case with the correct antemortem diagnosis of AI confirmed by necropsy.5

There are other potential causes for P wave morphologic abnormalities and PR-segment displacements besides AI. Sympathetic overstimulation, pericarditis, atrial enlargement, and interatrial blocks have been described.6 Pronounced sympathetic activity produces a descending PR-segment, depressed J point and ascending ST segment with the PR and ST segments having concordant deviations. Pericarditis can cause ECG changes if the inflammation involves the epicardium or the visceral pericardium as the parietal pericardium is electrically inert.

Accepted ECG criteria of AI are those proposed by Liu et. Al.:7

Major:

PR-segment elevation > 0.5 mm in leads V3 and V6 with reciprocal depression in leads V1 and V2 of small amplitude;

PR-segment elevation > 0.5 mm in lead I with reciprocal depressions in II-III;

PR segment depression of >1.5 mm in precordial leads with 1.2 mm depressions in I, II and II, associated with atrial arrhythmia.

Minor:

P wave with M-shaped, W-shaped, or notched; depression of the PR segment of small amplitude without elevation of this segment in other leads cannot be regarded by itself as positive evidence of AI.

Patients having an acute myocardial infarction with any form of supraventricular arrhythmias, such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, wandering atrial pacemaker and atrioventricular blocks.8

Regarding the location of AI, the literature evidence is limited and often conflicting. The right atrium (RA) is involved five times as often as the LA.1

Main complications of AI are: supraventricular arrhythmias, atrial rupture, cardiogenic shock and thromboembolic phenomena in the brain or lungs. Diagnosis currently is made in an appropriate clinical setting with characteristic P-wave shape, eventually the Bayes´s syndrome (complete interatrial block in the Bachman region associated with supraventricular arrhythmias).9 Theoretically, PR-segment displacements should correlate to the location of the AI in the same manner as ST-segment displacements in ventricular infarction. Thus, involvement of the laterobasal (formerly dorsal) wall, which corresponds to the LA, will result in PR-segment elevation in leads II and III with reciprocal depression in lead I.5 Likewise, involvement of the anterior or anterolateral wall, which corresponds to the LA, will produce PR-segment elevation in lead I with reciprocal depression in leads II, III and the anterior precordial leads V2-V4.7 However, there are no universally accepted criteria.


ABSTRACT The effect of Zr (0.1, 0.3, 0.5 wt. %) addition on microstructural morphology, hardness, mechanical properties and fracture behaviour of gravity cast Al-12.4Si alloy has been studied. The unmodified Al-12.4Si alloy consists of non-uniformly distributed coarse and irregular shape primary and eutectic silicon particles with sharp corners in Al phase. However, the Zr added Al-12.4Si alloys have uniformly distributed fine eutectic and primary Si particles with blunt corners due to formation of Al3Zr, which acts as heterogeneous nucleation site for Si. The bulk hardness of the modified alloy is slightly increased, but ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS) and elongation (%El) are increased significantly as an effect of microstructural morphology modification. Further, fractographs reveal that the brittle mode of fracture and cleavage fracture of Si particles decreased and ductile fracture with dimples formation increased in the modified alloy.


This paper conducted a comparative analysis of the conference publications published by Chinese scholars from 2006 to 2019. The main results are as follows. First, the conference papers are unevenly distributed among the 31 provincial administrative regions. The annual number of conference papers published by scholars from different regions fluctuated during the study period. Second, there are different disciplinary distributions of China Proceedings of Conferences Full‐text Database (CPCD) papers and Conference Proceedings Citation Index (CPCI) papers, and the CPCI publications have a relatively centralized disciplinary distribution. Third, it is noteworthy that there are more CPCD papers than CPCI papers. With the introduction of the new science and technology evaluation standards of the Ministry of Science and Technology, there should be more conference papers in the future.


Of the various factors that have promoted the development of the Japanese Toyota, in terms of the management of the accounting system, the famous target cost system, which is the original invention of Toyota, has played a very important role. An analysis of Toyota抯 target cost system, it is maintained by this paper, will considerably benefit the reform of the business cost management method of our own.


Explicit expressions for multiphonon resonant Roman scattering processes in a strong magnetic field are derived in the framework of a quasiclassicai picture, where the photoexcited. electron and hole make real transitions through the LO-phonon Frohlich interaction. It is shown that spin quantization produces a strong selection rule in diR'erent scattering configurations and the calculated magnetoRaman profile shows a set of sharp peaks that correspond to outgoing resonances. The principal features of the magnetomultiphonon spectra observed recently in GaAs and InP are discussed. These results are compared with experimental magneto-Raman profiles for 2-LO-phonon emission in two scattering configurations. From this comparison a value of the light-hole g factor equal to +22 is obtained.


Students' final paper generally has a page containing a preface which, interms of form and content, comprises an intact piece of discourse written with anarrative style. The number of paragraphs is in accordance with the contents andmessages the writer delivers to the reader. The paragraphs are designed to containwhat the writer wishes to express to certain respective parties: praises to God,information about the objective of a research the paper reports and the purpose ofwriting the paper, acknowledgements expressing gratitude, the writer's hopes, andinformation about the place, date, month, and year the paper writing is completed.Aspects of discourse completeness that stand out are cohesion, coherence, andtopicalization. Both formal and semantic aspects linguistically weave closeinterrelation forming an integrated and complete wholeness of the discourse. Keywords: discourse wholeness, paper preface


Objective To investigate the current epidemic status of clonorchiasis in Guangdong Province. Methods The investigation sites were selected by stratified sampling according to the geographic factors of river systems and historic epidemic data. Modified Kato-Katz's thick smear was used to detect the parasite eggs in the feces. The data of infection rate and intensity were analyzed. Results A total of 13 876 persons of 27 sites in 9 counties were investigated. The average infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis was 16.42% and the mean EPG was 359. The infected persons were found in 8 counties (cities),and 3 counties were found to be heavy endemic area of clonorchiasis,in which the infection rates were over 20%. The infection rate in the male was 18.92%,1.36 times of that in the female with the infection rate of 13.89%. The clonorchiasis was found in every age group, but the adults were relatively more serious. The infection of C. sinensis in fishers and businessmen was more serious than that in other occupations. Conclusion The C. sinensis infection has become a serious public health problem in Guangdong. Comprehensive control measurements should be carried out.


A method for determining the type of a protein in a liquid comprising the protein, the method comprising: a) functionalizing a protein with at least two types of amino acid markers, which are selective for two types of amino acids predefined protein, b) guide the liquid phase the functionalized protein with a molecular machine conveyor based on ATP-dependent protease immobilized, through a detection area of a detector, configured to detect a signal based on the markers of labeled amino acids; c) determining, from the detected signal, a sequence of amino acids predefined protein; d) comparing the amino acid sequence of protein predefined with the presence of said sequence in a database of protein and determine the type of protein in the liquid.


Introduction Azacytidine(AZA) is the current standard of care for patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in Europe. AZA has shown a survival advantage when compared with conventional therapies and has also shown activity in IPSS lower-risk patients. However, about 40% of patients do not respond and most patients show a loss of response within 2 years. Treatment options for MDS patients who progressed while on, failed to respond to, or became intolerant tohypomethylatingagents are scarce and it has been shown that overall survival (OS) is extremely short. Objectives of this study were to describe in a cohort of real life MDS patients treated with AZA, the reasons to discontinue treatment, and to evaluate their clinical outcomes. Methods We present here the results of a real life study from a large group ofnon selectedpatients recorded in the MDS registry of FondazioneItalianaSindromiMielodisplastiche(FISM). Only patients treated with AZA from January 2009 to June 2014 were considered for the analysis. All types of conventional published schedules of AZA were allowed. The primary end point was the evaluation of OS from start of AZA treatment to the date of death from any cause. Secondary end points were clinical response, cause of discontinuation, salvage treatments and OS from discontinuation of the drug. Results Between January 2009 to June 2014 1799 newly diagnosed MDS patients were enrolled , and 420 received AZA; 271 patients received AZA as 1st line treatment, 115 patients as 2nd line treatment, 34 as a line ≥3rd. Median age was 73 years (IQR: 67-77); 261 patients (62%) were male. WHO diagnosis was RA or RARS (n=27, 6%), RCMD with or without RS (n=62, 15%) AREB-1 (n=126, 30%), AREB 2 (n=190, 45%), other subtypes (n=15, 4%). At start of AZA therapy IPSS score was low in 11 (3%), int-1 in 80 (19%), int-2 in 143 (34%), high in 54 patients (13%), and not available in 132 patients (31%). Forty-three (47%) low and int-1 risk MDS patients had a transfusion-dependent anemia. Patients received a median of 7 courses of treatment (range 3-12). Twenty-four patients (6%) received concomitant erythropoietin therapy. OS at 1 year from beginning of AZA therapy was 73% for the whole cohort (420 pts)(95%CI: 0.69-0.78), and median OS was 23 months, 25 months for patients with IPSS lower-risk MDS and 21 months for those with IPSS higher risk MDS (log-rank test: 0.72). OS after discontinuation of AZA was 8 months. Clinical response was reported according to IWG criteria only in 288/420 patients (69%); 94 patients (33%) achieved a hematological response, that was complete in 35 patients (12%) and partial in 59 (20%), 78 patients (27%) had stable disease while 116 (40%) patients did not respond. Response was achieved after a median of 6 cycles (IQR: 4-11), in both lower and higher risk MDS patients. After a median follow up of 16 months (IQR:7-35) in 97 patients (23%) AZA therapy was still ongoing and in 323 has been discontinued (77%). Interruption of treatment was due to loss of response/worsening of hematological parameters in 24 patients who achieved complete or partial response (7%) and in 20 patients with stable disease (6%). AML evolution was the cause for interruption in 105 cases (32%), death in 28 (9%), toxicity or poor compliance in only 26 (8%), while clinical decision of the treating hematologist determined interruption in 22 cases (7%). In additional 98 patients AZA was discontinued early for reasons not reported by the treating physician (30%). Of the 323 patients who discontinued AZA 10 (3%) were managed with intensive AML-like chemotherapy, 17 (5%) underwent an allogeneic HSCT, 18 (6%) received low-dose chemotherapy, 42 (14%) other treatments and 236 patients (73%) received only transfusions and other supportive therapy. Conclusions Our data confirm that AZA therapy is effective for MDS patients, both with higher and lower IPSS risk disease. Response rate is consistent with what previously reported and median OS is 23 months. The interesting observation is that at 16 months, 77% of patients had discontinued treatment, either for progression or loss of response (45% of cases) and only in 8% of cases for reported toxicity. As there are few treatment options after AZA interruption, it is important to establish the reasons other than progression yielding to a stop in therapy, in order to avoid too early discontinuation and loss of survival advantage. Disclosures Finelli:Celgene: Research Funding; Celgene: Other: Speaker fees; Novartis: Other: Speaker fees. Angelucci:Novartis oncology, celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity9s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Santini:Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Astex: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Onconova: Consultancy.


Particle tracking microrheology is used to study the effect of a constant applied shear during gelation of aqueous gellan gum with a monovalent salt. Shear modifies the gellan gum hydrogel microstructure and the bulk rheological properties of the system, depending on whether shear is applied during gelation or afterwards. The microstructure determines the linear elastic response of the gel, as well as the critical strain and stress above which the response becomes nonlinear. Bulk oscillatory rheology is used to study microstructured gellan gum hydrogels at different polymer and salt concentrations. The similarity between our system and concentrated microgel particle suspensions can be explained by considering the microstructured gellan system to be composed of microgel particles whose size is set by the applied shear stress magnitude during gelation. Polymer concentration and ionic strength control the individual microgel particles' elastic properties. We also find the gellan system exhibits an isoenerget...


The Changing Soviet Union in the New Europe edited by Jyrki Iivonen. Aldershot: Edward Elgar, 1991. Pp.ix + 242; index. £35. ISBN 1 85278 532 2 The United States and the USSR in a Changing World edited by A.G. Bochkarev and D.L. Mansfield. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992. Pp.xix + 403; index. £33.50 (hardback) £13.50 (paperback). ISBN 0 8133 8381 1 and 8382 X The Soviets, Germany, and the New Europe by Robbin F. Laird. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991. Pp.208; index. £16.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 8133 8048 0 The Europeanization of the Alliance by Robbin F. Laird. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991. Pp.ix + 141; index. £16.95 (paperback). ISBN 0 8133 8274 2 East‐West Arms Control Challenges for the Western Alliance edited by D. Dewitt and H. Rattinger. London: Routledge, 1992. Pp.xviii + 302; index. ISBN 0 415 03498 1 New World Disorder: The Leninist Extinction by Kennneth Jowitt. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press, 1992. Pp.ix + 331; index. $30. ISBN 0 520 07762 8 Paradigms Lost: ...


Objective The purpose of this study is to identify the demographic variables that are affecting performances on the Logical Memory (LM) subtest included in the Korean version of the Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS)-IV and to provide normative data on the LM subtest for the middle-age and elderly Korean people. Methods The participants were 435 non-demented adults aging from 50 to 90 and with the educational level ranging from 0 to 21 years. Results Age and education were found to be significantly associated with performance on the LM subtest, while gender effect was not statistically significant. Therefore, we stratified the norm blocks by age and education. Age was divided into three groups: 50–59, 60–74, and 75–90 years. Education was stratified into three groups: 0–8 years, 9–12 years, and 13 years or more. Conclusion The normative data provided in the current study are expected to be useful in clinical and research settings to detect or define subtle changes in episodic memory in Korean adults and elderly, and can also be used for cross-cultural comparison of verbal episodic memory performance among elderly populations using different languages.


Emissions from the O2 atmospheric band system with υ′ ≤ 5 have been identified in auroral spectra, contrary to the previous belief that only bands with υ′ ≤ 2 were present. The intensities of the observed bands, referred to I (5577), have been determined for medium intensity aurora. Excitation mechanisms involving energy transfer from O(¹S), N(²D), and O(¹D) have been considered.


Sometimes fluid injections are characterized by a risk to induce a seismic event of a significant magnitude. Here we address magnitude distribution of seismicity induced by borehole fluid injections. However, firstly we give a short introductory review of microseismicity interpretation in geothermic reservoirs and by hydraulic fracturing. Then, we introduce a simple theoretical model, which predicts the earthquake magnitude distributions for fluid injection experiments. The temporal distribution of microearthquake magnitudes depends on the injection pressure, the size of the borehole injection section, the hydraulic diffusivity of rocks, and is also inherited from the statistics of pre-existing crack/fracture systems controlling the local seismicity. We consider different case studies and show how our model can be used to optimise the design of fluid injection experiments and reduce their seismic risk.


Abstract: In addition to power generation, concentrating solar thermal (CST) systems can also be applied directly to process heat production. Today, the application of concentrating solar power (CSP) technologies for the generation of industrial process heat is a very small niche market; however, it offers an enormous fuel saving potential. The first projects were realized in the 1970s but it is only recently that several new developments were started in this field. Process heat is used at temperatures between 50 and 1,500 °C, CST technologies have a role above 120 °C and so far have not been applied above 400 °C for this purpose. A major growth area is solar-driven cooling using thermallydriven cooling cycles. This chapter gives a brief overview about general system requirements and available solar technologies for process heat applications.


Information spread in networks is universal in many real-world phenomena such as propagation of infectious diseases, diffusion of a new technology, computer virus/spam infection in the internet, and tweeting and retweeting of popular topics. The problem of finding the information source is to pick out the true source if information spread. It is of practical importance because harmful diffusion can be mitigated or even blocked e.g., by vaccinating human or installing security updates. This problem has been much studied, where it has been shown that the detection probability cannot be beyond 31% even for regular trees if the number of infected nodes is sufficiently large. In this paper, we study the impact of an anti-information spreading on the original information source detection. We consider an active defender in the network who spreads the anti-information against to the original information simultaneously and propose an inverse Voronoi partition based inference approach, called Voronoi Inference to find the source. We perform various simulations for the proposed method and obtain the detection probability that outperforms to the existing prior work.


Reducing healthcare costs and improving the quality of care for everyone are priorities for President Barack Obama's administration. One of his earliest proposals is to implement a nationwide electronic medical records (EMR) system by 2014, with the goal of reducing medical errors and the unnecessary duplication of medical tests and procedures.


DELLA proteins are negative regulators of gibberellin (GA) signaling that act immediately downstream of the GA receptor. Binding of GA to its soluble receptor, GID1, causes binding of GID1-GA to DELLAs and leads to their degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. DELLAs are nuclear localized


The research field at a university is one of the factors to greatly influence student's future life. Therefore, when high school students choose a university, it is important to find out what research fields have been performed at the laboratories of the university there. However, research fields are diversified in recent years, and it takes a lot of time to examine them, and is hard work for students. In this research, a text mining method is applied for the title data set of theses of each university laboratory, and each research field is visualized as tables, figures and graphs, so that the students can easily understand them. We also analyze the annual trends of research fields.


The General Dental Council (GDC) and other dental bodies, including the Faculty of General Dental Practice (UK), have long recognised the need for a system of revalidation for dental professionals to protect patients better. The GDC began a consultation on revalidation in 2002 and an update to this work was published in June 2009, including a summary of proposals, a framework for standards of evidence and details of how the system might work. The FGDP(UK)'s response to this is detailed below.


Acid recovery treatment as well as lignin lignin retrieval is an efficient way of treating black liquor for a medium-size papermaking factory. This article discusses the influence of pH-value, temperature and storing time on acid recovery result.


Abstract— Liquid cation exchange extraction methods have been applied to the extraction of cholinomimetic activity from subcellular fractions, rich in nerve‐ending particles, derived from rat brain homogenates. The results obtained indicate that the activity is due largely to acetylcholine or closely related materials of similar basic strength, and that non‐basic materials, such as acetyl‐l‐carnitine, appear to contribute little to the observed activity.


In her empirical study, Sarah Fussel deals with the Instagram project #IchBinSophieScholl. The profile of the resistance fighter, created by the television stations SWR and BR, was filled with historical content and was intended to make it possible to experience the last phase of Sophie Scholl's life virtually in real time. In order to analyze how the recipients react to the content and the highly artificial communication situation, the author categorized and evaluated a total of 340 Instagram posts. Her study paints a multi-layered and dense picture of the different reception approaches, reactions and interactions, which also allow conclusions to be drawn about our current historical culture.


A large number of software products may be derived from an original single product. Although software product line engineering is advocated as an effective approach to maintaining such a family of products, re-engineering existing products requires developers to understand the evolution history of the products. This can be challenging because developers typically only have access to product source code. In this research, we propose to extract a Product Evolution Tree that approximates the evolution history from source code of products. Our key idea is that two successive products are the most similar to one another in the evolution history. We construct a Product Evolution Tree as a minimum spanning tree whose cost function is defined by the number of similar files between products. As an experiment, we extracted Product Evolution Trees from 6 datasets of open-source projects. The result showed that 53% to 92% of edges in the extracted trees were consistent with the actual evolution history of the projects.


Besides the lot of advantages offered by the 3D stacking of devices in an integrated circuit there is a chance of device damage due to rise in peak temperature value. Hence, in order to make use of all the potential benefits of the vertical stacking a thermal aware design is very essential. The first step for designing a thermal aware architecture is to analyze the hotspot temperature generated by the devices. In this paper we are presenting the results of our thermal analysis experiments of a 3D heterogeneous structure with three layers. The bottom layer had eight identical processors at 2.4 GHz and the top layer was with four memory units. The intermediate layer was a thermal interface material (TIM). The 2D thermal analysis of the top and bottom layers was also done separately. In the next step simulations were carried out by varying TIM thickness and conductivity to study its affect on hotspot temperature so as to optimize the temperature distribution.


The ease and simplicity of the transvenous approach to permanent pacing continue to be among its greatest advantages. However in a small proportion of transvenously paced patients complications can occur, A rare complication is an incompletely removed pacing catheter with subsequent embolization to more central parts of the cardiovascular system.'This communication reports the migration of a severed transvenous pacemaker electrode and its removal from the left iliac vein with a femoral‐ventricular pigtail catheter, (PACE, Vol. 4, November‐December, 1981)


The conventional sliding mode controller (SMCr) approach is often impractical or difficult when applied to high order process because the number of tuning parameters in the SMCr increases with the order of the plant. Camacho(1996) proposed the design of a fixed structure sliding mode controller based on a first order plus dead time approximation to the higher-order process. But, there are such problems as overshoot, settling time and command following. They are mainly due to the approximation errors of the time delay' term by Taylor series. In this paper, in order to improve Camacho's method, a new Taylor approximation technique considering a weight is proposed