OBJECTIVES The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate the acute success and complication rates of combined transradial and transpedal access for femoral artery intervention. BACKGROUND Improved equipment and techniques have resulted in transition from transfemoral to transradial access for intervention of super fi cial femoral artery. METHODS Between 2014 and 2016, clinical and angiographic data from 145 consecutive patients with symptomatic super fi cial femoral stenosis, treated via primary radial access using the 6-F SheathLess Eaucath PV guiding catheter were evaluated in a pilot study. Secondary access was achieved through the pedal or popliteal artery. The primary endpoints were major adverse events, target lesion revascularization, and rates of major and minor access-site complications. Secondary endpoints included angiographic outcome, procedural factors, crossover rate to femoral access site, and duration of hospitalization. RESULTS Technical success was achieved in 138 patients (95.2%). Combined radial and pedal access was obtained in 22 patients (15.1%). The crossover rate to a femoral access site was 2%. Stent implantation was necessary in 23.4% of patients. Chronic total occlusion recanalization was performed in 63 patients, with a 90.4% technical success rate. The mean contrast consumption, radiation dose, and procedure time were 112.9 ml (101.8 to 123.9 ml), 21.84 Gy/cm 2 (9.95 to 33.72 Gy/cm 2 ), and 34.9 min (31.02 to 38.77 min), respectively. The cumulative rate of access-site complications was 4.8% (0% major, 4.8% minor). The cumulative incidence rates of major adverse events at 3 and 12 CONCLUSIONS Femoral artery intervention can be and effectively performed using and pedal access with acceptable and a high


In present scenario, pandemic has compelled organizations to make changes in their human resource (HR) policies and practices. The 'new normal' work culture has been adopted by the organizations, which is definitely 'new' but not 'normal'. New normal is the shift from physical world to digital world. This new normal is one of the weapons of organization to battle with the storm of COVID-19, which has created upheaval and further leads to anxiety and stress among the working professionals. In this research, change in HR practices and policies for reducing stress has examined. Two scales were developed for 'change in HR practices' and 'stress'. These scales were further validated and tested for reliability. Sample was collected from 306 respondents, divided into 194 male and 112 female working professionals. Hierarchical multiple regression method was used to identify the relationship between change in HR practices and stress among Indian working professionals. Further moderation effect of gender on the relationship between change in HR practices and stress was analysed. This research has concluded that change in HR practices has distinct impact on the stress level of male and female working professionals.


Standard Performance Evaluation Corporation (SPEC) CPU benchmark suite which was first released in 1989 as a collection of 10 computation-intensive benchmark programs (average size of 2.5 billion dynamic instructions per program), is now in its fourth generation and has grown to 26 programs (average size of 230 billion dynamic instructions per program). In order to keep pace with the architectural enhancements, technological advancements, software improvements, and emerging workloads, new programs were added, programs susceptible to compiler attacks were retired, program run times were increased, and memory activity of programs was increased in every generation of the benchmark suite. The objective of this paper is to understand how the inherent characteristics of SPEC benchmark programs have evolved over the last 1.5 decades – which aspects have changed and which have not. We measured and analyzed a collection of microarchitecture-independent metrics related to the instruction mix, data locality, branch predictability, and parallelism to understand the changes in generic workload characteristics with the evolution of benchmark suites. Surprisingly, we find that other than a dramatic increase in the dynamic instruction count and increasingly poor temporal data locality, the inherent program characteristics have pretty much remained unchanged. We also observe that SPEC CPU2000 benchmark suite is more diverse than its ancestors, but still has a over 50% redundancy in programs. Based on our key findings and learnings from this study: (i) we make recommendations to SPEC that will be useful in selecting programs for future benchmark suites, (ii) speculate about the trend of future SPEC CPU benchmark workloads, and (iii) provide a scientific methodology for selecting representative workloads should the cost of simulating the entire benchmark be prohibitively high.


Methods have been developed for control of a space robot-manipulator when changing fuel tanks of the propulsion unit while simultaneously stabilizing the angular motion of the robot mechanical mated with a geostationary satellite. The requirements for the electromechanical drives of the robot manipulator are determined and the results on computer simulation of dynamic processes are presented.


Information recording medium effectively performed to update the software and reproducing apparatus according to the present invention, there is provided a reproducing method and apparatus. In the information recording medium for use in a data reproducing apparatus, a data, which is an information recording medium and information is recorded for software updates of the data reproducing apparatus.


An investigation was made of the absorption and thermoluminescence spectra of color centers in a batch of yttrium aluminum garnet crystals with chromium concentrations in the range 0–0.8%. The induced absorption in the region of 300 nm was found to be due to ionization defects in the lattice of these crystals. The absorption at 380 and 480 nm was attributed to the chromium impurity and it appeared when the chromium concentration was in the range 0.03–0.3%. The 380 and 480 nm maxima corresponded to two types of trap with levels at 1.1 and 0.8 eV.


In this paper,the decomposition operator in multimatrix theory is introduced.Then the unit array is decomposed.At last,a simple proof for C.R.Rao inequality is given by using the property that rank is equal to the trace and is positive.


An efficient approach to nonlinear control problems in which the plant is to be driven to a desired state using a neural network controller in a number of steps is by representing the whole process as a multi-stage neural network. In this paper, an explicit formulation of the back propagation algorithm is developed for such networks. Later, this approach is used to build up a path planner for a mechanical snake (a robot composed of a sequence of articulated links). This path planner, together with a tracking algorithm, is shown to get the mechanical snake out of a collision-free closed region.


Informal workers in developing countries are exposed to various occupational hazards that may cause accidents, injuries, or diseases. Personal protective equipment (PPE) can be an essential tool for preventing workers from exposure to these hazards. Despite the widely acknowledged benefits of PPE usage, many informal automobile artisans in Nigeria do not use PPE. This study examines factors that predict PPE usage among these artisans, particularly their occupational risk perception. This cross-sectional study adopted a multistage method to select 632 automobile artisans (mechanics, panel beaters, painters, and vulcanizers) in Osun State, Nigeria. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on the dependent variable (the use of PPE) and the independent variables (occupational risk perception and risk tolerance). STATA 14 was used for the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Workers who perceive themselves at high risk of occupational health problems are more likely to use PPE (odds ratio [OR] = 2.1, p = .03), as are those who are very worried about getting accidents/illnesses (OR = 2.6, p = .03) or believe that these health problems are preventable (OR = 2.3, p = .01). Contrary to expectation, workers who experienced accidents/illnesses in the past are less likely to use PPE (OR = 0.3, p = .00) than those who did not. The established positive relationship between occupational risk perception and PPEs' usage provides information to various stakeholders for designing safety programs that can reduce exposure to the occupational risks for informal automobile artisans in Nigeria.


A carrier head that has a base assembly, a retaining ring assembly, a carrier ring, and a flexible membrane is described. A retaining ring assembly has a flexible membrane (300) shaped to provide an annular chamber and an annular retaining ring (200), wherein annular concentric projections of the flexible membrane are sized to fit into annular concentric recesses of the annular retaining ring.


The United States is in the midst of a food waste epidemic, as daunting and unsustainable quantities of edible, nutritious food end up in landfills each year. From farm-to-table, stakeholders at each stage are partially accountable for wasteful practices that strain earth's resources and leave millions hungry. The beginning of this thesis seeks to pinpoint and explore processes and factors that commonly drive food waste: farming, packaging, quality, forecasting, shelf life, transportation, convenience, and more. For each assignable cause, qualitative research has been conducted to discuss and analyze potential supply chain solutions to reduce food loss. Research findings strongly indicate that supply chain concepts and ideologies can be an integral tool to mitigate waste and benefit the triple bottom line of the economy, society, and the environment. Executive interviews have been conducted with top-tier companies to provide insight into best practices and strategies used by food sustainability leaders. Findings unveil that the companies are making significant contributions to food conservation but also have strong potential for improvement. The closing chapter addresses potential challenges to implementing the waste reduction techniques and suggests avenues for future quantitative research.


Highly deviated and horizontal wells are the key factor in the successful development of shale gas.The shale gas reservoirs in Weiyuan region form is in very complex conditions.Several situations exist at the same time,such as leakage,blowout and borehole collapse.And they make the drilling cycle too long.Because most of shale gas resources are low permeability tight formations,compared with conventional gas reservoirs,there is more difficult and challenging in development work.How to optimize the drilling casing program,and effectively reduce the risk of the shale gas drilling in Weiguan region,is currently a difficult problem.So,based on the original theoretical design,combined statistical analysis with the actual drilling research method,this paper puts forward the optimization design of casing program for Weiyuan structure.


Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the statistical evidence on the effects that ill health has on labour market participation and opportunities for younger and older workers in the East Midlands (UK).Design/methodology/approach – A statistical analysis of Labour Force Survey data was undertaken to demonstrate that health issues affect older and younger workers alike. This has an equalling effect on labour market opportunities, which should reduce any potential for intergenerational conflict within the workforce.Findings – Although health problems that limit activities and affect the amount and kind of work an individual can undertake increase with age, there are high levels of ill health of these kinds within all age groups, including the youngest workers.Research limitations/implications – The regional statistical analysis can only provide indications, and further research is required to differentiate which groups of younger and older workers suffer from which types of illnesses, as this ...


Invasive disease is a rare manifestation of Haemophilus influenzae infection in adults in the United States. Systemic spread depends on the presence of virulence factors and is often facilitated by diminished host clearance mechanisms. Factors associated with mortality include underlying neurologic disease, polymicrobial bacteremia, and advanced age. This report illustrates the challenges associated with this rapidly fatal disease.


Material transfer and circulation of coastal areas, and the form and state of the organic matter in the estuary tidal flat area, is attracting attention at various angles from the biological importance of the river estuaries. Analysis and evaluation of the sediment material and coastal water has been carried out around the river basin. So far, we have analyzed the chemical structure of humic substance in the Chikugo River basin near or vary by region. The Ariake Sea, from the fact that environmental issues such as hypoxic water and red tide has occurred, environmental analysis have been made from various points of view in recent years. However, research of organic matter deposition simultaneous in a wide range of areas of the Ariake Sea coast is a few instances. In this study, humic acid fraction were extracted from the surface sediment of the tidal flat areas, including rivers and estuaries tidal flats, tidal flats as well as less affected by other rivers a broad area of the northern half of the Ariake Sea. Then, the extracted humic acids were analyzed such as stable isotopic analysis and elemental composition, and regional differences were compared. And the use of humic acid as environmental indicator was evaluated from the point of some differences to the several conventional analyses of the environmental indicators at the coastal area. Sediment samples were collected at a total of seven locations of tidal flat (estuaries at Hayatsue-gawa, Rokkaku-gawa, Hamagawa, Kikuchi-gawa, Shira-kawa, and tidal flat at Arao and Tara) and two places of the downstream of Chikugo River from May 2011 to August 2013. Humic acid fraction were prepared according to the IHSS soil humic acid extraction method. Multiple analysis, such as the elemental analysis, stable isotope ratios, ultraviolet-visible absorption analysis (application of (A2/A4) ratio of 270nm/407nm that has been proposed by Fooken and Liebezeit (2000)) were applied to the humic acid of coastal areas. Correlation derived from the source materials was observed between stable isotope ratio, and the atomic ratio calculated from elemental analysis, ultraviolet-visible absorption ratio and the regional differences of humic acid. Contribution of terrigenous organic matter is poor at Hama-gawa estuary Tara and Arao tidal flat. Further, trend in nitrogen isotope ratio is different from the other regions and the 2 points (Hama-gawa mouth and Tara tidal flat). Conditions such as denitrification and nitrogen sources is somewhat different in the Ariake Sea northwest side was suggsted.


This paper studies the different between Bisphenol A Novolac Epoxy Resin(BPANE) and Phenol Novolac Epoxy Resin(PNE) of reaction kinetics and application performance in copper clad laminate.


Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) are new-generation additives, which can provide improved properties in polymer matrices by physical and/or chemical interactions between the polymer molecules and their reactive sites. In the case of rubber-based polymeric systems, POSSs are also able to accompany with the vulcanization reaction. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of octavinyl functionalized POSS (OV-POSS) on sulphur vulcanization of a model natural rubber (NR) based compound. The reaction kinetics was studied by using various kinetic approaches based on Moving Die Rheometry and Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Rheometric data was evaluated by using a common non-linear cure kinetic model, which is called Isayev and Deng Model. Kissinger, Flynn-Wall-Ozawa, and Crane Models were used to process thermal data for curing reactions. All the models were found to be able to analyze vulcanization kinetics of OV-POSS containing NR-based rubber compounds as well as the effect of OV-POSS incorporation.


This paper explores the potential of personalising health reminders to melanoma patients based on their personality (high vs low conscientiousness). We describe a study where we presented participants with a scenario with a fictional patient who has not performed a skin check for recurrent melanoma. The patient was described as either very conscientious, or very unconscientious. We asked participants to rate reminders inspired by Cialdini's 6 principles of persuasion for their suitability for the patient. Participants then chose their favourite reminder and an alternative reminder to send if that one failed. We found that conscientiousness had an effect on both the ratings of reminder types and the most preferred reminders selected by participants.


The problems of the physical condition of 17-year-olds teenagers living on the territory of Omsk region are considered. For measuring the level of physical condition including physical development there are used modern methods and approaches, which allows you to examine and review the indicators in the system of social and hygienic monitoring.


The "Cova del Cantal" is a multiple burial cave from the late Calcolithic, although it was also visited during the Bell-Beaker Period, the Bronze Age and later. The studied materials belong to two private collections and to a rescue excavation made by the authors. They are principally varied pottery, silex arrowheads, pulimented axes and adzes, a ring, a tongue-dagger and four metallic punches. At least nine individuals were buried, most of them in the Calcolithic Period.


Agrotis Hilliana, n, s. ♀. All the tibiæ spinose. Allied to perconflua, but much brighter colored and with larger and distinctly annulated stigmata. Bright rusty ochre, shaded with lilac gray. A fine black basal streak reaches to the small black marginal claviform. Base of the wing ochreous,basal half line double, the inner line distinct blackish brown. Sub-basal space washed with lilac gray. Inner transverse line a little oblique, nearly straight with a slight outward curve below submedian vein on the margin, double, the outer line distinct, the inner fades out below costa. Median space rusty ochre; orbicular large, ochreous, with faint internal annulus, oblique, ringed with black; reniform similar in color, upright,very near the exterior line, which commences on the costa just above it. Exterior line lunulate, nearly straight, faintly indicated below costa. Sub-terminal space dark, washed anteriorly with lilac gray, contrasting with clear ochreous terminal space and fringes. Hind wings pale ochreous with faint lunule and double shaded lines. Abdomen above pale ochreous. Thorax rusty and dark. Head and collar pale ochreous.


An evolutionary algorithm based on the parallel evolution of multiple single objective populations and Pareto archive population is proposed, which is not only suitable for solving multi-objective optimization, but also effective for multimodal function. For each single objective population, single objective evolutionary algorithm is applied to optimize separately each of multi-objective functions, where individuals generated by tournament selection from the union of single objective and Pareto Archive population form the single objective population of next generation. Especially, individuals in Pareto archive population also join evolutionary operations. Simulations manifest that the proposed method can realize the search from multiple directions to obtain the non-dominated solutions scattered more uniformly over the Pareto frontier with better convergence metric compared to well-known NSGA-II algorithm. Individual migration from Pareto archive population by tournament selection is also proved to have the advantage in improving the converging speed and converging precision. Moreover, for multimodal single objective function, simulations also show that ideal optimizing solution can be obtained by properly separating single objective function into multi-objective function and applying the above method.


The invention provides an annular multi-field coupling simulation drilling experiment method through horizontal directional drilling. The method comprises the steps: building an experiment environment, conducting state initialization, and conducting mutual coupling motion analysis between a drilling rod and slurry, between a drilling rod and rock debris and among slurry, a drilling rod and rock debris by adjusting the slurry input speed, adjusting rock debris injection speed and changing the mass of a weighting counterweight. The invention also provides an annular multi-field coupling simulation drilling experiment apparatus through horizontal directional drilling. The apparatus comprises a slurry circulatory system, a drilling tool revolution system, a rock debris injection system, a slurry flow field monitoring system and an image processing system. The distribution situation of annular slurry flow fields, the spatial movement form of a drilling rod and the motion state of a rock debris bed can be collected and analyzed in real time according to mutual coupling interaction among a drilling rod, rock debris and slurry in an annular space during horizontal directional drilling (HDD).


INTRODUCTION:
Traumatic Spinal cord injury (SCI) the most devastating orthopaedic injury resulting in serious disability among patients, his family and society. At present, concept is shifted to comprehensive rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured patient and the ultimate goal is to reintegrate them into the society as functionally useful, productive person.
AIM OF THE STUDY:
To analyse the functional outcome of rehabilitation in spinal cord injury patients in hospital and community setup and study was conducted in our Institute of Orthopaedics and Traumatology and Government Institute of Rehabilitation medicine, KK Nagar, Madras Medical College and Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital between the period of April 2016 and September
2016.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
INCLUSION CRITERIA:
I) New onset traumatic spinal cord lesion.
II) Spinal cord injury patients with neurological deficit ( ASIA scale A-D).
III) Any level of spine injury.
IV) Traumatic cauda equina syndrome.
V) Patients with follow up period of minimum three months.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA:
I) Brain related paraplegia.
II) Neurological impairment due to isolated peripheral nervous lesions.
III) Neurological impairment due to disease (vascular, inflammatory, tumour etc) or surgery for non traumatic pathology.
IV) Patients without neurological deficit and follow up period of less than 3 months were excluded.
Age, sex, nationality, mode of injury, existing pathologies and injuries related to the spinal cord lesions are not criteria for exclusion.
Patients functional outcome were assessed with functional independent measure [FIM] score which included 18 items organized into six categories, patients were assessed by 7 point ranging from complete independence value 7, to complete dependence value-1 (self care, sphincter control, transfer, locomotion, communication, social cognition) at the time of admission,
discharge and follow-up.
RESULTS:
Irrespective of the age of the patient, all patients have shown significant functional independence when comparing FIM scores of admission, discharge and follow-up in our study.
CONCLUSION:
Comprehensive and efficient rehabilitation improved the functional independence of the spinal cord injury patients and these patients can be reintegrated into the society as productive member. Complications in these patients are minimized with effective rehabilitation.


The repair of great toe donor site defect after wrap‐around flap transfer is still controversial. The bilobed superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flap can improve the aesthetics of the great toe while maintaining its function. Thus, this study aimed to report our experience in the reconstruction of big toe donor site defects with the bilobed SCIP flap and describe the clinical outcomes.


Background: In developing countries, ocular infections are a significant public health concern, particularly bacterial infections, which are common. This research aimed to estimate how often Gram-positive and negative bacteria are present in individuals who have external ocular infections in Wasit province. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty-one eye swabs were gathered from patients with various eye infections in the consulting clinics of AL-Zahra Hospital between October 1, 2021, and March 1, 2022. Various bacterial colonies with different morphological and biochemical characteristics were detected through growth testing. Results: Of all the external ocular samples collected, 56 (46.2%) had a positive culture for bacterial pathogens. Most of the isolated bacteria were Gram-positive, accounting for 73.2% (41 cases) of the total. Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were the most commonly identified Gram-positive bacteria, followed by Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus hominis spp. Novobiosepticus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Staphylococcus lugdunesis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus vitulinus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Kocuria rosea, Micrococcus luteus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and, among which, Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 26.8% such as Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Pantoea spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Citrobacter sedlakii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. DNA extraction and their purity and concentration were confirmed using Nanodrop. A monoplex pattern of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Gram-positive specific 16S rRNA. Conclusion: A majority of the bacterial strains identified in patients with ocular infections, particularly Gram-positive bacteria, also concluded that the largest percentage of eye infections was for patients who lived in rural areas, this explains the reason for the isolation of some bacterial species that inhabit animals such as S. lentus, S. gallinarum, S. pseudintermedius, S. vitulinus, S. cohnii, and L. mesenteroides. In addition, most of the bacterial species found in patients with eye infections were resistant to multiple drugs, indicating the development of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the study population, also concluded that the most prevalent forms of external ocular infections were blepharitis, followed by conjunctiva.


Gout is an ancient disease, which has been known at least since Babylonian times. The word "gout" is derived from the Latin word "gutta" (drop); it signifies the belief that a poison, seeping into the joint drop by drop, is the cause [1]. Much is understood about the aetiology of gout, although there are also still many mysteries yet to be resolved. Gout is an inflammatory joint disease that is typically episodic and localized to certain joints, especially the metatarsophalangeal (MTP)1 joint and other joints in feet and fingers. An acute episode of gout is usually triggered by urate crystals in the joint, which induce a cascade reaction beginning with the influx of immune cells, especially neutrophils, which release cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-6, causing an inflammatory response leading to oxidative damage and intense pain, and terminating when feedback responses finally dampen the signal. While gout is associated with high serum urate, the association is not as strong as would be expected. Many people with elevated serum urate never experience gout, and many gout sufferers have normal levels of serum urate [2]. Thus, it is generally agreed that something else


Patients with end-stage liver disease have been known for a long time to have a hyperdynamic circulation, characterised by decreased peripheral resistance and arterial blood pressure, and increased plasma volume, heart rate and cardiac output. This represents an adaptive response to the presence of portal hypertension, portalsystemic collaterals and liver failure because the hyperkinetic circulation progressively worsens with further progression of cirrhosis from compensated cirrhosis to decompensated cirrhosis. Hyperdynamic circulation may be further exacerbated after either a surgical shunt or a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and disappears after liver transplantation. Here, we note the following key effects of hyperdynamic circulation in cirrhosis. First, since splanchnic blood flow (and hence, the portal-collateral blood flow) increases markedly due to the increased cardiac output, it contributes towards aggravation of portal hypertension. This provides the rationale for the use of splanchnic vasoconstricting agents and beta-blockers for the treatment of portal hypertension. Second, hypotension and peripheral vasodilation trigger the activation of endogenous neurohumoral vasoactive systems with ensuing sodium retention and potential for decreased blood flow in targets organs, such as the kidneys. In compensated cirrhosis, neurohumoral activation is mild and transient, and only leads to plasma volume expansion, which, by effectively filling the central blood vessels, achieves hemodynamic compensation without clinical sodium retention. However, as cirrhosis progresses, portal hypertension and liver failure gets worse, leading to further vasodilation, neurohumoral activation and development of avid sodium retention, leading to ascites and peripheral oedema. When neurohumoral activation is very marked and accompanied by hypotension, it creates a set up for impending renal failure, which can be precipitated by additional insults such as infections, hypovolaemia, administration of NSAIDs or nephrotoxic drugs, or by a decline in cardiac output. Therefore, it is important to note that the hemodynamic pattern in cirrhosis does not remain static but the circulatory disturbances worsen with the hepatic decompensation and their deleterious effects continue to evolve with worsening portal hypertension (Figure 1). Many of these hemodynamic abnormalities have been well characterised in animal models of cirrhosis that allow using precise measurements to assess the distribution of the cardiac output along with disease progression. Multiple studies have demonstrated that this hyperkinetic syndrome is initiated in the splanchnic circulation, were vasodilation is especially intense, to the point as to decrease the arterial blood pressure and reduce the global peripheral resistance. However, both animal and clinical studies have shown that the hyperdynamic circulation is associated with vasodilation in extra-splanchnic vascular beds, including limbs, skin (characteristically warm and accompanied by a bounding pulse) and lungs (where it may lead to decreased arterial oxygenation, the hallmark of the hepato-pulmonary syndrome) until terminal stages of liver cirrhosis. In a recent issue of APT, McAvoy and co-workers present an interesting study reporting in patients with cirrhosis the use of a non-invasive method – phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with acquisitions at multiple vessels – that may allow assessment of the distribution of cardiac output. Being


Delphi method is used to obtain usually medium or long-term forecasts, which involves establishing a consensus from a panel of experts asked to make estimates about the evolution of the economical phenomenon. If it cannot be obtain the wished consensus, the opinions having a certain degree of divergence, it aims to reduce as much of this dispersion, without a direct influence on the panel of experts, using a framework in which their expert feedback drive to the conclusion of the study. Of course there are some advantages and disadvantages of this method and these are presented in the article content.


Background: We wished to determine a consensus view from UK paediatric anaesthetic consultants of what practical skills are safe and appropriate for an anaesthetic trainee to perform during an initial 3‐month module in paediatric anaesthesia.


This study examines the role of resource abundance in the cross‐country differences in the impacts of the global financial crisis (GFC) of 2008–2009. Using forecasts from the unobserved components model and exponential smoothing technique, we estimate the output levels a country would reach in 2009 and 2013 in the absence of the GFC, and compare these with the realised output levels. We find large variations in the output losses across 72 countries. The mineral‐rich countries have been found to be in a strong position to survive any adverse shocks stemming from the GFC. Income per capita, trade openness, and institutional quality and government effectiveness are also found to be key factors determining the differences in output loss in the post‐crisis period. These findings have strong implications for resource‐rich countries such as Australia and are expected to shed new light on alternative policy designs and appropriate strategies to deal with any future economic crisis.


A new process for the liquid-phase densification of C/C composites which reduces the preparation time greatly has been described. Several sets of samples (150 mm×80 mm×15 mm) were prepared at atmospheric pressure in the temperature range 980~1 180 ℃for studying the kinetics and the influence of processing temperature. The carbon fiber felt was used as the reinforcement, and the kerosene was as the precursor. A densification rate up to 0.222 g/cm3 per hour, which is two or more orders of magnitude larger than that of traditional ICVI process, and the much lower activation energy of 30.31 kJ/mol determined from the initial stage was obtained. The potential kinetics of reaction have been discussed.At initial stage, the course is controlled by kinetics of the chemical reaction, and the densification rate is accelerated in remarkable extent; at the following stage, the diffusion of the reactive species plays a side role, and the mass increase is mainly caused by the infiltration of the pores and the pyrocarbon deposited at the outer surface. At 1 080 ℃, the sample density can be increased from 0.167 g/cm3 to 1.7 g/cm3 in 10 hours. Textural characteristics of the pyrocarbon were analyzed by the polarized light microscope (PLM). It can be demonstrated that the high textured carbon constitutes the majority of the pyrocarbon at 1 080 ℃, medium-or low-textured pyrocarbon would exist at lower as well as higher processing temperatures.


Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a well-known enzyme sensitive to pesticide exposure, but heavy metal sensitivity is rarely reported. Here, AChE extracted from the brain tissue of Diodon hystrix was exploited and used in a fast and economical way to sensitively detect the existence of heavy metals in a water sample. An inhibitive enzyme assay was conducted, and the activity of AChE was found to be sensitive (> 20% inhibition) to sub-million levels of arsenic, cadmium, nickel, and zinc and less sensitive (< 20% inhibition) to copper and lead. While exposure to argentum, cobalt, and chromium shows no significant inhibition, AChE is not sensitive to those metal ions (p < 0.05). Field test work has proved that the assay is suitable for preliminary detecting heavy metal contamination in the river, especially near industrial and mining sites. Secondary validation was performed using ICP-OES to identify and measure the number of elements in the sample and compare them to the inhibition level of AChE activity.


We appreciate Dr Oda's comments. Dr Oda pointed out that impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or revised IFG (for which the cut-off point is 100mg/dl) also may be a risk factor for future cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In our study, the univariate Cox regression analysis showed that the concentration of fasting plasma glucose was statistically significant, although it must be noted that already established high-risk patients with known diabetes were included in this model. Such patients tended to have the highest concentrations of fasting plasma glucose among the 3 groups.1 Our study was a prospective observational study, and so the revised cut-off point of 100 mg/dl for IFG was not applied. However, we also performed a parallel prospective study, in which those patients without diabetes mellitus (DM; n=190) were reclassified into the normal fasting glucose (NFG; n=168) group or the IFG (n=22) group, according to the recommendation made in 1997 by the American Diabetes Association (ADA), which recommended the cut-off point of 110mg/dl for IFG.2 The Cox's proportional hazard model analysis showed that the hazard ratio of abnormal glucose tolerance to normal glucose tolerance on major adverse cardiac events (MACE) was 2.65 (95% confidence interval: 1.37–5.15; p=0.004), whereas the hazard ratio of pre-diagnosed DM to normal glucose tolerance was 3.27 (1.68–6.38; p=0.0005). However, the Cox's hazard ratio of IFG to NFG on MACE was 1.83 (range 0.86–3.87), which was not significant. Partially to reduce the need for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), in routine practice, the ADA recently reduced the threshold for IFG to 100mg/dl from its previous value of 110mg/dl. 3 Many patients who have fasting glucose concentrations in the range of 100–110mg/dl would have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) if tested by OGTT. Nonetheless, OGTT remains an option for normoglycemic individuals because performing OGTT in patients with IFG will identify some individuals who already have type 2 DM.4 We would like to evaluate the revised IFG (ie, the cut-off point of IFG as 100mg/dl) as a risk factor after AMI, retrospectively. We also obtained CRP data, but were unable to measure high-sensitive CRP. Hence, we did not evaluate whether there is an association between CRP and the risk of future cardiovascular events.


Temple waste generation is the one of biggest problem in developed and developing countries considering its obnoxious impact on the environment. India is severely affected by improper waste collection at source and mismanagement and various cultural and social practices practiced since the time immemorial. Especially in Indian temples various types of puja offerings generate wastes such as flowers, fruits, clothes, leaves, coconuts and other food wastes. In this study various techniques were studied and among all those available techniques using temple waste in the form of flowers and coconut shell which remains unused after offering are used for making fragrant incense sticks. For making incense sticks various parameters were considered which are convenient, economical and eco-friendly and easy to reach for the small scale and household enterprises. The desist for manufacturing incense stick could be made according to various consideration like potential of the temple waste in the form of flowers and coconuts which are the major cause of temple waste. Flower waste could be easily grind, but for grinding coconut shell more power is needed. So in this study the coconut shell grinding machine is designed by its modelling on SOLIDWORKS for 10 coconut shell having impact load of 500N by one hammer, here there is a consideration of 4 hammers so distributed 125N impact load each,, using a power source of 5.5KW.After modeling analysis is carried out on ANSYS. The result calculated as maximum equivalent shear stress of 8.23MPa and maximum equivalent elastic strain of 4.11.


MATTOS, E.C. Cartography of the different senses of the concept of humanization
presented in the understanding of HUAP-UFF managers and their several effects on
their health practices. Dissertation [Master's Degree in Collective Health] Niteroi/ RJ:
UFF, 2010.
The present study is one of the unfoldments of an experience developed along with
other professionals from The Health and Society Department of Fluminense Federal
University, a research project "In analysis: the question of humanization in health
practices – a transdisciplinary proposition". Therefore, this experience as an empirical
materiality, this study aims, especially taking under the perspective of Baruch
Spinoza's, Michel Foucault's, Gilles Deleuze's and Felix Guattari's thoughts, to
undertake four movements. First, understanding the question of humanization from a
genealogical conception, show that this idea is plural and produced, hence it is
historically dated. Secondly, attest in which sense the concept of humanization would
work as a reality operator, taking management itself as a practice that might give raise
to both slavery and freedom. Then in a third moment, through the analysis of the
discourse, map the different senses of the concepts of humanization presented in the
understanding of HUAP-UFF managers and their several effects on their health
practices. The intention of mapping was, in a fourth movement, to put in doubt −
operating the ethics of Baruch Spinoza's meetings as a device in the work processes and
in health practices − in which sense humanization practices would be – in the present
mode of capitalism – necessarily implicated, at just one time, to the immaterial work
and to the production of subjectivity. It is relevant to inquire how those practices can act
up either as a way of fomenting the demands of capital regarding the worker – on behalf
of life imprisonment and their own slavery – or as a manner of resisting the submission
imposed by that capital, by favoring life liberation and the construction of a practice of
freedom


The challenge of localizing number of concurrent acoustic sources in reverberant enclosures is addressed in this paper. We formulate the localization task as a maximum likelihood (ML) parameter estimation problem, and develop a distributed expectation-maximization (DEM) procedure, based on the Incremental EM (IEM) framework. The algorithm enables localization of the speakers without a center point. Unlike direction search, localization is a distributed task in nature, since the sensors must be spatially deployed. Taking advantage of the distributed constellation of the sensors we propose a distributed algorithm that enables multiple processing nodes and considers communication constraints between them. The proposed DEM has surprising advantages over conventional expectation-maximization (EM) schemes. Firstly, it is less sensitive to initial conditions. Secondly, it converges much faster than the conventional EM. The proposed algorithm is tested by an extensive simulation study.


The ability of a microstrip fed printed dipole which has an integrated balun to operate at dual frequency bands is demonstrated. Experimental and simulated results of the voltage standing wave ratio and radiating characteristics are presented for a printed dipole operating at both GSM and DCS frequency bands.


A new wideband noise-like transmitter approach is presented for high resolution underwater lidar sensing. The transmitter approach is based on small-footprint, low-cost components, using low coherence time laser diodes and passive fiber processors to generate wideband noise-like intensity modulation signals in the blue-green optical spectrum. Prototype transmitters are demonstrated using both blue and green laser diodes with passive fiber interferometer structures. Laboratory water tank experiments using a two-diode 516/518 nm prototype transmitter show centimeter range error and 30 cm range resolution while detecting a submerged gray target in up to ten attenuation lengths of turbid water. Experimentally observed challenges for target rangefinding are discussed, including shot noise, backscatter returns, and self-clutter. Strategies are proposed to mitigate these challenges and enhance performance when operating at long standoff distances in turbid waters.


In data mining, privacy preservation plays a major role in protecting the sensitive information from the transactional database against multiple users. Maintaining privacy for high dimensional data in the databases become very much essential in applications such as public health services, military information sharing, and financial sectors. Usually, dimensionality reduction techniques are used for preserving privacy. To protect high dimensionality data from the unauthorized extraction of information, data anonymization techniques are implemented. Recent works on privacy preservation techniques were presented based on data transformation, relational data modeling, and k anonymity techniques. But the existing techniques works well with the low dimensional data with fixed schema. To enhance the privacy preservation in high dimensional data, in this work, Spectral Clustering technique is introduced to identify priority/dominant user requisite characterized attributes and reduce the dimensionality of tuples using spectral clustering. Spectral clustering is the process of organizing the similarities of prioritized / dominant user requisite data to corresponding labels of varied spectra of the transactional data (data anonymity for user access). Then the data anonymity provides an enhanced privacy preservation of high dimensional dataset with gray code sorting. Experimental evaluation is conducted with character trajectories real data sets from UCI machine learning repositories to analyze the performance of spectral clustering technique for preserving the user data privacy [SCTPP] in terms of scalability, privacy level, and spectral cluster reliability.


Concrete is the most-used material in the construction industry, and the second most-used after water. Cement is the main component of concrete. A total of 8% of global CO2 emissions correspond to the cement industry; CO2 is the main greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. To mitigate climate change, it is necessary to design buildings with a lower environmental impact, and therefore, it is crucial to assess the environmental profile of the local production of construction materials. This study uses the life cycle assessment methodological framework to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the cement and concrete industry in Ecuador. The inventory accounts for 62.8% of national cement production, with data corresponding to 2019. The OpenLCA software was used to perform the life cycle inventory and impact assessment calculations. Eight impact categories were assessed, including Global Warming Potential (GWP). Clinker has a GWP result of 897.04 kg CO2-Eq/ton. Hydraulic cement types MH, GU, and HE have GWPs ranging from 465.89 to 696.81 kg CO2-Eq/ton. Results of ready-mixed concrete range from 126.02 to 442.14 kg CO2-Eq/m3. Reducing the content of clinker in cement and concrete should be the aim so as to improve their environmental profiles. This study contributes to the development of regional life cycle inventory data for Latin America. This research is the first to be developed regarding construction materials in Ecuador and contributes to the sustainable design of structures with pozzolan-lime cement and concrete.


In the modern political science various approaches to revealing the role of bureaucracy in politics are used. In the clause theoretical approaches and models of western and Russian researchers on a problem of mutual relations of political and administrative elites are considered and generalized. The author analyzes empirical data and pin-points the basic tendencies in modern political and administrative elites' development.


The behavior of school-age children has changed during the pandemic. The implementation of face-to-face learning after the pandemic requires extra adaptation where children have to orient and interact with classmates who were previously online for 2 years. Some of the difficulties faced include pessimistic children, dependence on friends, being alone, disturbing friends and not completing tasks well. This leads to fear, negative thoughts, and an inability to adapt to classmates. Therapeutic Group Therapy (TGT) and Thought Stopping (TS) aim to stimulate cognitive, affective, and psychomotor as well as eliminate negative thoughts and turn them into positive thoughts. This activity was attended by 33 students in grade 3 of SDN 176 Pekanbaru. TKT was conducted in 7 sessions and TS was carried out using a workbook for 3 sessions. The results of this community service activity showed that there was an increase in the ability of children to accept learning and be able to change negative thoughts into positive thoughts.


ABSTRACT Experiences of food insufficiencies, inadequate access to health care, and housing-related hardships represent how financial strain negatively impacts the entire family. The purpose of this study was to examine experiences of material hardships by TANF leavers and to understand factors that are associated with experiences of material hardship. This study examined the material hardships of TANF leavers using the 1999 National Survey of America's Families. Data for 220 families who exited TANF in 1997 were extracted. The majority of TANF leavers (53.2%) reported worrying about food, which was ranked as the number one hardship. Voluntary leavers tended to experience housing-related hardships more than involuntary leavers did. When compared to White leavers, other ethnic groups experienced a higher percentage of housing and healthcare-related hardships.


Main goals of discussing questions are estimation of ecological component specific gravity on North-West federal ocrug security system, revelation of main sources of ecological risks and its taking into account on forming of main cocial-economic region of Russia secuirity conception.


As the use of web-based and remote services grows each year, the concern of securing data shared between these services and its users has become a primary concern. A commonly employed framework for securing information and connections is Secure Shell (SSH). Secure Shell provides for a secure connection to remote login stations and for many common web protocols used for delivering web services. In this paper, we present a security pattern for the SSH protocol. This pattern focuses on the cryptographic methods employed by the SSH protocol to secure, and authenticate a connection and information exchanged over that connection.


Various factors affecting the output capacity of MPS-255 medium speed coal mill for boiler no.3 in Yuanbaoshan Power Generation Co Ltd have been analysed. It is believed that the main causes resulting in reduction of the output capacity for said coal mill are as follows: worn-out of the grind rollers, grind tray, nozzle ring, and unreasonable structure of said ring. For these, the grind rollers and grind tray have been replaced, and the fixed nozzle ring being retrofitted into a rotary one. After retrofitting, the output capacity of the said coal mill has been enhanced, ensuring the need of fuel coal for boilers.


Sumatran laughingthrush (Garrulax bicolor) is an endemic avifanual species from North Sumatra. The species is heavily exploited and traded in bird markets in Medan city following the threats to its health due to prolonged captivity and poor bird housing by the vendors and distributors. This preliminary investigation aims to identify the gastrointestinal (GI) parasites infecting the G. bicolor through coproscopical analysis and microscopical observation. Total of 120 fecal samples were collected and examined in a weekly-basis for two months from July to August 2019. The results revealed the presence of seven GI parasites namely one coccidia (Eimeria), two cestodes (Choanotaenia, Raillietina), and four nematodes (Ascarida, Amidostomum, Capillaria, Heterakis) in 68 positive samples (56.6 %). Raillietina spp. are designated as the most prevalent GI parasites to G. bicolor, followed by Amidostomum (47.5 %), Eimeria (36.6 %), Choanotaenia (12.5 %), Capillaria (0.07 %), Heterakis (0.06 %), and Ascarida (0.03%). Severe infections are also obtained from Raillietina (75.0±22.6) with the relative density of 3.3/ind, followed with the remaining moderate infections by Ascarida (20.0±13.4), Eimeria (18.1±10.3), Choanotaenia (11.7±5.1), Heterakis (9.7±5.35), and Capillaria (6.1±3.6)..Our results may then reflect the importance of sanitary management by the keepers to decrease the health risk posed by these parasites as well as to prevent a possible zoonotic infection from captive birds.


Introduction In this paper, I aim to deal with the representation of normality and insanity in third-person narration. As a point of departure, I will briefly sketch the quarrel between narratology (Dorrit Cohn) and New Historicism (John Bender) on the (debated) functional analogy between the "impersonal, disembodied matrix" (Bender 28) engendering the normality of modern subjects and third-person narratorial agency in (non-)fiction. Whereas recent cognitive approaches tend to highlight the experiential and mental nature of the narrative representation of madness, I aim to bring into play a more social and historical dimension of the attribution of normality by focussing on the exterior dimension of the representation of madness. In my view, this necessitates a rhetorical approach to narrative and in particular to its stylistic expressivity. Third-person narration can be conceptualized as a flexible relay of information that does not simply rely on readers' cultural routines and expectations, but that gives a performative, creative twist to the inferential activities of narrators and readers. In order to illustrate this approach, I will discuss the role of narratorial agency and polemical portrayal in texts by Heinrich von Kleist and Elias Canetti. Both authors share an emphasis on the external constitution and attribution of an apparently mental and internal phenomenon like madness. The broader ambition is to present a feasible framework to link the rhetorical-narratological interest in formal and stylistic characteristics with the study of the historical construction of normality across media and genre-related speech positions. Narratology, Madness and History The question whether the narratological discussion of the representation of madness can be aligned with historical issues regained attention in the context of New Historicism. In the debate between Dorrit Cohn and John Bender that took place in New Literary History in 1995, some of the fundamental challenges and options of a possible historical narratology were thematized. Cohn took issue with Bender's historicization of narrative form on two accounts. Bender's first claim was that "the penitentiary [that is, the prison built on the model of Bentham's Panopticon] stages impersonal, third-person presence ... so as to represent ah actual character and conscience as fictions capable of alteration" (Penitentiary 203, qtd. in Cohn, Distinction, 169). Secondly, the fictionalization of the panoptic model finds its reflection in third-person authorial fiction (e.g. Fielding), whose "authoritative presence" is dispersed and obfuscated "into the very third-person grammar and syntax through which the illusion of consciousness is created" (Bender 29), namely in Free Indirect Discourse (FID). According to Bender, third-person narration cannot provide a genuine insight into the performative constitution of subjectivity, since it basically copies the panoptic, controlling dimensions of institutional authority engendering the subject in Foucault's terms. Bender's account is in contradiction with Dorrit Cohn's description of FID in Transparent Minds. According to Cohn, FID is not a form of disciplinary control or disembodiment. On the contrary, Free Indirect Discourse, as paraphrased by Fludernik, signals a willingness to "incorporate otherness" (Fludernik, 'Natural' Narratology, 368). Mounting the positive example of Defoe's homodiegetic narration against Fielding's authorial narrator, Bender claimed that only "first-person narration limits power to regulate the implications of stories in any container of narrational authority" (Bender, Imagining, 121). Strikingly, in her Transparent Minds, Cohn challenged the view that direct quotation and sustained internal view should be the most appropriate approach to the representation of the workings of a deranged mind. Cohn highlighted the importance of third-person narration in this register by stating that in particular "[m]odern novelists who know their Freud, therefore, would be the last to resort to direct quotation in order to express their characters' unconscious processes" (88). …


This chapter presents the author's view of psychology in Homer. It begins by suggesting that the Odyssey is particularly interested in a central psychological issue — agency — and that it demands that its audience consider issues of agency and responsibility throughout its plot. The chapter then distinguishes the author's view of Homeric psychology from prior treatments among Homerists by introducing concepts from Jerome Bruner and Mark Turner (among others), who have written about connections between narrative and literature, on the one hand, and human psychology, on the other. These two authors conceptualize some generalizable concepts — Bruner's "folk psychology" and Turner's "everyday mind" — which provide frameworks for thinking of the Odyssey as therapeutic on a social level, especially in the context of repeated performances. In pursuing this last framework, the chapter starts by teasing out some common threads that help to support the Odyssey as an investigation of human minds before addressing the issue of the engagement between the epic and collective mentalities.


Studies on women in informal sector have not sufficiently addressed their challenges and support mechanisms. This study was conducted among women in informal sector in Iwo, Osun State. Social network and liberal feminist theories were adopted. This exploratory research was conducted in three locations in Iwo town namely; Adeeke, Odori and Boku Soro. The selection of respondents was purposive, based on type and duration of involvement in business. Twenty in-depth interviews were conducted with respondents to elicit information on reasons for entry into business, challenges faced, support mechanisms available and awareness and utilization of loans from financial institutions. Data were analysed using content analysis and verbatim quotations. Reason for entry into the businesses included; interest, economic purpose, inability to get jobs, support to family and supplementing spouse income. Financial supports were from various trade associations and cooperative societies they belonged, while nonfinancial supports were close family members like children run errands and assist in processing raw materials to semi or finished products. Most respondents were aware of loans provided by various financial institutions, however, they hardly utilized them. There is the need to carry out adequate enlightenment and education women in accessing soft loans provided by microfinance banks in sustaining, improving and expanding their businesses.


An online learning exercise within the food processing toolbox. Learners are asked to consider the steps required to run and shut down equipment in automatic and manual modes


Dubbed Sudden Death, the short trek supports the new record of the same name, to be released via Farewell Records later this


Introduction: Globalisation, Tax Competition and Economic Development by Rajiv Biswas GLOBALISATION AND INTERNATIONAL TAXATION The OECD Harmful Tax Competition Policy: A Major Issue for Small States by Professor Bishnodat Persaud, Director, Commonwealth Partnership for Technology Management Promoting a More Inclusive Dialogue by George A McCarthy OBE, Financial Secretary, Cayman Islands Globalisation and Tax-related Issues: What are the Concerns? by Papali'i T. Scanlon, Governor, Central Bank of Samoa The Future of Financial Services in the Caribbean by HE Sir Ronald Sanders, KCN, CMG, Chief Foreign Affairs Representative of Antigua and Barbuda Administrative and Resource Implications for Small States by Sir Neville Nicholls, former President of the Caribbean Development Bank Governance in a Globalised World: Is it the End of the Nation State? by Dale Pinto, Senior Lecturer, School of Business Law, Curtin University INTERNATIONAL TAX COMPETITION IN BUSINESS SERVICES The OECD Harmful Tax Competition Initiative by Professor Michael P Devereux, Professor of Economics and Finance, Warwick University International Trade in Offshore Business Services: Can Developing Countries Compete? by Rajiv Biswas, Senior Economist, Commonwealth Secretariat The OECD and the Captive Insurance Industry: The OECD Report Re-examined by Dr Trevor A Carmichael, QC, Chancery Chambers THE WORLD TRADE ORGANISATION AND FISCAL COMPETITION WTO Compatibility of the OECD 'Defensive Measures' against Harmful Tax Competition by Dr Roman Grynberg, Deputy Director, and Bridget Chilala, Senior Programme Officer, Commonwealth Secretariat Potential WTO Claims in Response to Countermeasures under the OECD's Recommendations Applicable to Alleged Tax Havens by Stephen J Orava, Senior Associate and Co-ordinator, WTO Practice (Europe), Baker & McKenzie Export Processing Zones and the WTO Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures by David Robertson, WTO in Practice (Asia Pacific), Baker & McKenzie REGULATORY ISSUES FOR FINANCIAL CENTRES Getting the Domestic Financial Architecture Right by Winston Cox, Deputy Secretary-General, Commonwealth Secretariat The Five Essential Issues Facing Offshore Financial Centres by Colin Powell OBE, Chairman, Hersey Financial Services Commission Offshore Financial Centres and the Supranationals: Collision or Cohabitation? by Richard J. Hay, Stikeman Elliot Transparency versus Privacy: Reflections on OECD Concepts of Harmful Tax Competition by Terence Dwyer and Deborah Dwyer, Australian National University INTERNATIONAL LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES Some Legal Issues Arising out of the OECD Reports on Harmful Tax Competition by David Simmons QC, former Attorney General of Barbados The OECD, Harmful Tax Competition and Tax Havens: Towards an Understanding of the International Legal Context by Professor William Gilmore, Faculty of Law, University of Edinburgh


1. Innovation: An old problem within Christianity Since early times, opponents in disputes involving Christianity have often accused each other of spreading new teachings. This applies to inner-Christian polemics as well as to disputes between Christians and others. With regard to paganism, the Athenagoras of Athens, in the 2nd century, was the only Christian apologist who tried to appeal to the novelty of Christianity in the history of religion as an argument in favour of Christianity.1 All others emphasized the loyalty of Christians to ancient Roman traditions and to "classical" values and convictions. Looking at inner-christian controversies, a revealing example is that, in Paul's letters to Timotheus, some copyists changed κενοφωνία (id est vain speech) into καινοφωνία (new speech).2 Both terms were apparently seen as synonymous. However, the roots of such a pejorative approach to novelty, or innovation, go back even farther than Christianity. Already in classical antiquity, the old was considered superior (πρεσβύττερον κρεῖττον)3. It is therefore not surprising that the accusation of invalid innovation is also found in the controversy between Akindynos and Palamas. Unusual, however, is the intensity, both quantitative and qualitative, with which Akindynos approaches this topic in his Refutationes against Palamas.


The arrival of baby teeth is sometimes greeted with dread. Will growing teeth make your baby more fractious, grizzly or even sick? This week Babytalk examines the science of baby teeth and discards the myths and uncovers some interesting new research into teeth and the transfer of decay.


magnetostriction magnetostrictionof Terfenol-D Curie temperature room temperature and higher temperatures 600 K. compressive MPa=7,000 productive energy kJ/m larger of piezo components, kJ/ m Terfenol-D the material of magnetic actuators. various magneto-mechanical actuators were produced. The sizes of these actuators are more than 100 mm in order to generate large variance. Novel magnetic circuit, which is combined with AC and DC magnetic fields, has been developed for the actuator by means of magnetostriction alloys. This magnetic circuit is also useful for high field creation for the nano laboratory or micro laboratory. The material of the yoke of the circuit was 99.99% pure Iron (Fe) and two coils were used for AC magnetic flux density. In order to adjust the DC fields, few ferrite magnets were used. Using this circuit, the magnetic flux density up to 1 T was generated in an aperture of 6.0 mm width and 2.0 × 2.0 mm square. Terfenol-D, which shows large magnetostriction, was established into the aperture of the magnetic circuit and AC magnetic flux density were applied by flowing the current of the electricity into the coils. We designed two type actuators. One is the actuator under the atmospheric pressure. The magnetostriction of Terfenol-D in this actuator is 680 ppm, which corresponds 4.0 μm displacement for 20 V pp output from an audio amp as use of power supply. The minimum displacement is 2 nm in 1 mV, which indicates that this magnetic actuator can be useful for nano meter activations for nano science and technology. The other is the actuator, which is applied uniaxial stress to the Terdfenol-D. This is 20×20×20 mm size and the activation length is 11 μm. The electric power generation system was also designed by means of the magnetic flux density change due to the magnetostriction. With exerting an impulsive force of 80 N, 24 mW electricity was generated. This generator is considered to be useful for the generator for the sensors or auxiliary lights of motorcars and trains.


A drug injection device is disclosed. A drug injection device, according to the present invention, comprises: an injection unit which is provided with an ampoule accommodation portion for accommodating an ampoule that contains an injectable solution, and injects the injectable solution into a person being operated on; and an injection speed adjustment unit which is connected to the injection unit, applies pressure to the injectable solution, and adjusts the injection speed of the injectable solution, being injected into the body of the person being operated on, by selectively adjusting the speed of the pressure applied to the injectable solution, wherein the injection speed adjustment unit comprises: an injection unit attachment portion to which the ampoule accommodation portion is detachably attached; a pressurizing plunger which is connected to the ampoule accommodated in the ampoule accommodation portion and applies pressure to the injectable solution; and a pressurizing plunger up/down driving module which is provided on the same axis as the pressurizing plunger and drives the pressurizing plunger up or down.


Cross sections have been measured in the extreme ultraviolet for the excitation of helium, He I states (lsnp) {sup 1}P{sup o}, and the ionization-excitation of helium, He II states (np) {sup 2}P{sup o}, due to fast proton and electron impact for n = 2-5. Protons with velocities from 1.4-7.5 a.u. and electrons with velocities from 3.8-8.5 a.u. were used to excite helium gas in a differentially pumped target cell. A 2 MV Van de Graaff accelerator and an electron gun mounted in the target chamber provided the projectile beams, and a grazing incidence monochromator was used to measure the EUV radiation emitted by the target. A unique application of the Bethe approximation has been used to put the excitation results on an absolute scale. Cross sections for ionization-excitation from electron impact are substantially larger than those from proton impact above a velocity of 4 a.u., the difference reaching a maximum at approximately 6.5-7.0 a.u. for all principle quantum numbers. Cross section ratios for electron and proton impact, {sigma}{sup +}(np)/{sigma}{sup +} (lsnp) are compared as a function of projectile velocity and are compared with the ratio of double to single ionization {sigma}{sup ++}/{sigma}{sup +} as a limiting value for large n.


A finite element analysis of the space charge suppression encountered during the electrostatic-induction spray charging process is presented. This study provides a theoretical framework in support of the experimental studies reported elsewhere of the space-charge-limiting barriers of nozzle design. Poisson's equation is solved using a finite element axisymmetric model consisting of 3,704 triangular elements and 1,946 nodes for various placements of nearby earthen surfaces. Plots of constant potential surfaces in and around the dielectric embedded-electrode charging nozzle are presented. The axial droplet-charging potential gradient at the tip of the liquid jet (along the axis of symmetry) depends upon both the positive induction electrode potential and upon the presence, and substantially upon the spatial extent of the negatively charged cloud of dispensed droplets.


Recently Hoogmoed & Gruber (1983) provided detailed information on the type material of Spix and Wagler, which was long thought to have been destroyed. After this article was written, a specimen of Physalaemus albifrons Spix, collected by Spix, surfaced in the collection of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie (RMNH). Details on this specimen are provided.


This article makes a real diagnosis research on the development localization of building "the Chiangnan ecology leisure city" from the relative inferiority and the absolute superiority.otherwise,we proposed overall mentality and some concrete countermeasures of building"the Chiangnan ecology leisure city"


The TEX86 proxy, based on the distribution of isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (iGDGTs) from planktonic Thaumarchaeota, is widely used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST). Recent observations of species‐specific and regionally dependent TEX86‐SST relationships in cultures and the modern ocean raise the question of whether nonthermal factors may have impacted TEX86 paleorecords. Here we evaluate the effects of ecological changes on TEX86 using one Pliocene and two Pleistocene sapropels from the Mediterranean Sea. We find that TEX86‐derived SSTs deviate from U37K' ‐derived SSTs before, during, and after each sapropel event. U37K' ‐derived SSTs vary by less than 6 °C, while TEX86‐derived SSTs vary by up to 15 °C within a single record. Compound‐specific carbon isotope compositions indicate minimal confounding influence on TEX86 from exogenous sources. Some of the variation can be accounted for by changes in nitrogen cycling intensity affecting thaumarchaeal iGDGT biosynthesis, as demonstrated by an inverse relationship between TEX86 and δ15NTN. TEX86‐derived SSTs also consistently show warm anomalies in the Pleistocene, while the Pliocene samples exhibit both warmer and cooler relative offsets. These anomalies result from systematic differences between Plio‐Pleistocene iGDGT distributions and both modern Mediterranean and modern, globally distributed core top samples. Through characteristic GDGT distributions, we suggest the existence of three distinct endemic populations of Thaumarchaeota in the Pliocene, Pleistocene, and modern Mediterranean Sea, respectively. Importantly, these communities prevailed during both sapropel and oligotrophic conditions. Our results demonstrate that ecological and community‐specific effects must be considered when applying the TEX86 proxy to paleorecords.


An adaptive digital beamforming monopulse radar system that uses a uniform linear phased array in the receive mode is described. Digital beamforming consists of antenna elements (array), receiver modules, analog-to-digital converters and a controller. These adaptive radar systems have been successfully applied to the practical tasks of processing measured data from the experimental phased-array antennas. These antennas follow the classic "digital beamforming" model since we have available the digitized amplitude and phase of the received signal at every antenna element. In receive mode the main advantages of adaptive radar systems are improved fast adaptive pattern nulling, antenna self-calibration, ultra-low sidelobes and adaptive space-time processing.


Delivery or exchange of data is something that often happens in the world of information technology. Data sent sometimes often contain important information data even highly confidential and must be safeguarded. To maintain data security, can be done using cryptographic techniques. The data security techniques layered security with a combination of symmetric cryptographic algorithm Advanced Encryption Standard ( AES ) with RC4 by applying the hybrid scheme, where data is encrypted with a symmetric algorithm while the key is encrypted using a symmetric algorithm asymmetric algorithm or a public key algorithm. Symmetric algorithm is an algorithm of encryption and decryption using the same key. For the security of symmetric keys is done by using a public key algorithm ElGamal . Universitas Sumatera Utara


Maintaining a consistent set of mass, inertia, and center of gravity data for an aircraft composed of multiple components with multiple coordinate systems can become a daunting task in complex simulations. Using Object-Oriented Design techniques, the process can be greatly simplified. The Langley Standard Real-Time Simulation in C++ (LaSRS++) framework uses a set of classes to help maintain mass properties data in an intuitive manner.


The most expensive single highway construction contract, ever awarded by the New York State Department of Public Works, was held by the Slattery Construction Co. of Maspeth, New York. The contract provided for the construction of an 8.16 mile section of Interstate Route 87, from the Cross Westchester Expressway (Interstate Route 287) to a point approximately 2300 ft. north of a proposed interchange with Relocated Route 22 in Armonk, N.Y. The lowest of three bids on this project was $23,529,000. Among the many unique features of this project is its truly Interstate nature, see Fig. 1. Originating in Westchester County, New York, the road enters Fairfield County, Connecticut, shortly after it underpasses New York State Route 120; continues in Connecticut for approximately 1.4 miles at which point the northbound roadway spans the Byram River in Connecticut while the southbound roadway crosses the river in New York. From this point on, both roadways are in New York.


Uridine diphosphoglucose (UDPG) is conventionally used as a substrate for the histochemical demonstration of glycogen synthetase activity in mammalian tissues. In the present study, glycosyl nucleotides other than UDPG, guanosine diphosphoglucose (GDPG) and thymidine diphosphoglucose (TDPG), acted as the substrate to demonstrate the glycogen synthetase activity in rat skeletal muscle fibers. The histochemical reaction using GDPG and TDPG was very similar in its location but not in its intensity to the UDPG one. Furthermore, the different size and shape of the new glycogen particles synthesized from GDPG and TDPG by the enzyme activity were observed according to the type of skeletal muscle fibers under the electron microscope. The results presented here indicate that GDPG and TDPG as well as UDPG act as glucosyl donors for new glycogen synthesis through the glycogen synthetase activities in rat tissues, and characteristic glycogen particles can be observed under light and electron microscopic conditions.


With the medicine circulation" twelfth five-year"plan, clearly put forward the main target of the medicine circulation industry development in the next five years, medicine circulation pattern of building become an important content of health economic management, based on the perspective of flow economy of Heilongjiang province pharmaceutical logistics development strategy research, for the medicine circulation industry during the" twelfth five-year" development implement scale, intensive and internationalized management, integration of existing drugs circulation resources, make the medicine provides the theory basis for sustained and healthy development of the logistics industry.


Prosthesis valve dehiscence is one of the most serious complications of prosthetic valves. Despite the improvements in medical and surgical treatments, prosthesis valve dehiscence has high mortality. Due to fatality rates, the early diagnosis and treatment of these patients is required. In this case report, we presented a patient with severe mitral deficiency and acute heart failure following mechanical mitral prosthesis valve dehiscence secondary to culture-negative endocarditis.


The verdict of bankruptcy decided by commercial court of Indonesia does not automatically executable outside state jurisdiction of Republic of Indonesia. This matter related to sovereignty principle which asserts that every state has legal authority of person within its border. International law consensus said that every state is free from any obligation to transfer suspected person, defendant or sentenced person to foreign country, including economy criminal such as corruption, banking criminal, corporate law infringement and bankruptcy law, unless there is an extradition agreement signed by both countries. Nevertheless in case of bankruptcy, the Indonesian court decision on general confiscation upon personal property as a finding of court according to bankruptcy Act No.37/2004 would not automatically be applicable, if the property is on-site abroad or outside jurisdiction of Indonesia, unless there is an agreement for mutual recognition and enforcement of court decision of contracting countries between Indonesia and country in which debtor's asset taken place.


The oxygen transfer capacity of a fermenter is ~~~0~1~ characterised by an overall volumetric transfer coefficient, kLa. Measurement of kLa values is often made in nonbiological systems to avoid both protracted experimental periods and the need for relatively expensive monitoring equipment. Whilst these methods cannot be used as an absolute indication of performance in a biological system they have been used to appraise the effects of fermenter operating variables on oxygen transfer rates and also as a basis for comparing likely performance of different fe~~~~e~ types. Thus 3-l a values for the copper catalysed oxidation of sodium sulp ite solution are frequently quoted in the fermentation literature for this purpose. Use of the method assumes that the oxidation reaction is fast enough to ensure near zero concentration of dissolved oxygen but not fast enough to affect the rate of physical absorption, i.e. the reaction may be considered as diffusion controlled,


Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of 6 Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI; Life Sciences 7 Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland 8 Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH; Department of Pediatrics and 9 Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Howard Hughes 10 Medical Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 11


A fundamental concept in criminal procedure is that the trial must take place where the crime was committed. Without proper venue, a defendant cannot be found guilty of the charged crime. But where is venue when the crime is committed on an airplane traveling through the sky at 500 miles per hour? This article analyzes United States v. Lozoya, a 2019 decision from the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals that broke from the conventional wisdom of the Tenth and Eleventh Circuits in holding that the proper venue is the federal judicial district over which the plane was flying at the time of the crime. No legal scholarship has ever considered criminal venue in this particular context. This article analyzes the two main federal venue statutes, 18 U.S.C. §§ 3237 and 3238, and argues that neither the Ninth Circuit approach nor the Tenth or Eleventh Circuit approaches view the law correctly. The most logical outcome — prosecution in the district in which the plane ultimately lands — is undisputed. But the plain meaning of the venue statutes supports the assumption that airplanes in the "high skies" are a lot like ships on the high seas. When the Ninth Circuit reconsiders this issue en banc in 2020, it can solve the problem by holding, for purposes of criminal venue, that American airspace is considered "outside of any district" and thus the prosecution can bring charges where the defendant is arrested (i.e. the landing district).


U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Children's Bureau,
U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention


Since China' s reforms began the question of small town development has evolved from a "big problem" into a "grand strategy". Through a process of exploration and innovation, it has taken off as a development strategy. In China' s urbanization, the revival and development of small town plays an extremely important role. The main objective behind small town development is not only to develop modernized towns, it is also to resolve the problems of the countryside by using the development of towns to bring concentrate capital and populations.


A sliding window method to apply the Stokes space based polarization multiplexing technique in a time varying SOP scenario is proposed. The method uses the Stokes space representation of the signal samples SOP in order to dynamically reverse the coupling between the two orthogonal polarizations. We show that the variables of the method, the number of samples used in each best fitting plane process and the number of samples after which the inverse SOP rotation matrix needs to be updated, can be optimized in order to support endless time-varying SOP changes.


Although researchers recognize that social contexts shape parenting behaviors, the relationship between neighborhood environment and parenting remains poorly understood. To address this gap, we investigated the associations between compositional and contextual (structural, social, and safety) characteristics of neighborhoods and parental warmth. Data came from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods (PHDCN) Study and the 1990 Census. Results of multilevel linear regression analyses suggested that most of the unexplained variation in warmth resulted from compositional differences between caregivers within neighborhoods. We also found significant unexplained neighborhood variation in warmth after adjusting for numerous compositional variables, though our neighborhood variables did not explain this remaining variation. Other compositional or contextual variables may account for this neighborhood level variation. Findings suggest that although differences between caregivers explain most of the between-neighborhood variation in parental warmth, neighborhood environment is important. These findings highlight the importance of the neighborhood in studies of parenting. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.


An illumination compensation algorithm for human face is presented based on two-dimensional image information.On the assumption that human faces share similar shape with spherical surface,we firstly estimate the face information under uniform illumination along the symmetry axis of face so as to build a standard illumination model by data fitting to the prior statistic information.Then,we analyze the statistical distributions of the grayscale of face image along the direction of light.At last,using the standard model,combined with linear transform and non-linear transform,we can rectify the face image under non-uniform illumination to the standard state.The simulation results on the Yale B face database have shown that the proposed method can realize effectively illumination compensation under the condition of wide-angle oblique light and very dark light.The algorithm has a small computational complexity.


This article describes a model demonstration project that helps the rural family with a handicapped preschool child. The Volunteers in Partnership with Parents (VIPP) program is designed to alleviate the pressing problems of rural families as well as to provide early intervention to the children. The use of volunteers as partners in working with parents is the crux of the VIPP Project.


ONE OF THE MOST DIFFICULT and frustrating challenges to US foreign policy in the post-World War II period has been coping with third world revolutions, particularly those in the Caribbean Basin. Whether the revolution has been in Cuba, Nicaragua, or Grenada, relations with the US have always deteriorated, and the revolutionary governments have moved closer to the Soviet bloc and toward a Communist political model. Both the deteriorating relationship and the increasingly belligerent posture of the US have conformed to a regular pattern; so too have the interpretations of the causes and consequences of the confrontation.' US government officials and a few policy analysts tend to view the hostile attitudes and policies of the revolutionary governments as the cause of the problem. According to this perspective, the revolutionary governments deliberately provoke the US and then point to US hostility to justify their militarization and close relationship with the Soviet Union and Cuba. In the most sophisticated variation of this interpretation, Jorge Dominguez suggests that Cuban President Fidel Castro might have deliberately provoked the US in 1960 after concluding that "it was impossible to conduct a revolution in Cuba without a major confrontation with the United States." Soviet influ-


Empirical data on the diffuse and collimated transmittance of aged liquid foams are discussed in terms of influence of mutual correlations in the scatter positions. This influence can be described introducing the static structure factor of a scattering system and occurs remarkable in the case of wet foams with gas bubbles as the basic scattering units. On the contrary, mutual correlations of basic scattering units (Plateau-Gibbs channels and vertices) in dry foams are negligible due to low values of their volume fraction. This causes dramatic changes of the scattering anisotropy of foam layers in the vicinity of the wet-to-dry transition. Some analogies can be drawn between this effect and a previously reported "optical inversion" of densely packed random media.


China's railway transportation industry has held the leading position in the transport market competition relying on the traditional monopoly advantage for a long time.Along with the pace of opening up of the transport market being accelerated and competition between varieties of modes of transport being increased,passengers and consignors begin to require a higher demand on the quality of railway transport industry.Taking the characteristics of the railway transport industry into consideration,this article analyzes the root causes of the competitiveness inadequate of China's railway transportation industry,estimates three indicators which reflect the competitiveness of railway transport and makes a comprehensive evaluation on them,then offers the countermeasures to enhance the competitiveness of railway transport from five aspects following as management,technology,capital,brand,channels.etc.


Korea has experienced a significant increase in the number of inbound travelers from Japan, especially from the young travelers market. This study focused on young Japanese travelers, an important market for Korea, and examined the typology of young Japanese travelers to Korea based on their preferred travel activities, travel experiences, and demographic characteristics. Data were collected from 213 Japanese college students and analyzed by nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (NLCCA), which is a useful statistical tool to assess the relationships among similar sets of categorical variables. The results indicated that young Japanese travelers were segmented into four groups: Energetic Travelers, Sophisticated Travelers, Curious Travelers, and Reluctant Travelers. This exploratory study provided information on Japanese young people as potential visitors to Korea, which had not been much available so far. It also demonstrated that NLCCA is a useful tool to examine the relationships among attributes of travelers and to segment them into significant market group.


The author examines the personal safety of traffic police officers during the inspection of the vehicle. Analyzes the legal framework as a measure of inspection and administrative enforcement.


In this paper, an experimental class teaching Machine Learning such as Artificial Intelligence is presented. In this class, all teaching materials distributed to students are automatically processed with a set of XML compilers, after being inputted by the teachers with a GUI input tool. The compiler set was designed to generate three different forms of teaching materials from a single file using XML based semantics. Both students and teachers used all three forms in defined stages of learning process. The class activities and its teaching materials are refined by the toolkit in a highly systematic and organized manner, results, in the experimental class, with better initial understanding, less confusion, more active response and better class atmosphere. This leads to a better support form decision making.


Cross-section estimates are presented for strangeness-changing charged-current reactions ..nu../sub ..mu../N..--> mu..Y..pi.., ..nu../sub ..mu../N..--> mu..NK, nu-bar/sub ..mu../N..--> mu../sup +/Y..pi.., and nu-bar/sub ..mu../N..--> mu../sup +/NK. The reactions are considered within the Cabibbo theory with the current belonging to an octet of SU(3). The calculations are performed using Born approximations for a range of neutrino energies which cover both the Argonne and the Fermilab spectra. We find the flux-averaged cross section for K/sup +/p final state to be in rough agreement with the value indicated by the Fermilab data.


The electronic medical record (EMR) system is a critical component of a modern health information architecture. EMRs are increasingly connected to a diverse array of systems that support healthcare business operations, such as clinical documentation, laboratory reporting, radiology services, pharmaceutical dispensing, and billing. The complexity of this domain creates challenges for ensuring patient data security and compliance with regulations (e.g., HIPPA). Certain challenges are common across domains and have thus been addressed through traditional solutions. For instance, exploits against the external perimeter of EMR systems are mitigated by network-based intrusion detection systems (IDS), hardening operating systems, and updating security patches. Additionally, access control mechanisms have been adopted by EMRs to enforce users' privileges with respect to patient records. Beyond access control, the notion of experience based access management (EBAM) has been proposed to refine access control assignments via documented user behavior [4].

Other challenges are unique to the clinical domain. First, EMR systems are connected to web portals and exposed to the Internet for a wide range of users; e.g., patients, providers. The vulnerabilities within web-based systems attract various attacks, which are difficult to detect because they exploit the semantics of clinical operations. Second, healthcare organizations use a coarsegrained implementation of access control. This is because access control mechanisms do not scale to manage the large number of clinical functions that can be invoked (e.g., medication ordering, laboratory report editing, consult requests). Third, clinical treatment guidelines are usually too complex to be modeled and explicitly enforced, which may lead to guideline violation by insiders.

Our objective is to build a context-aware anomaly detection system that is customized to the needs of the clinical domain and EMR systems. Our detection system will model the characteristics of EMR systems, monitor the system usage, and detect anomalous user behaviors. This system can help realize the user behavior monitoring component of an EBAM framework.


Sodium–nickel chloride batteries have been used as energy storage devices because of their high operating voltage, ease of assembly in a discharged state, the less corrosive nature of the cathode materials, safer cell failure mode, and better tolerance against overcharging. In this study, we fabricated a planar-type cell equipped with an elastic spring rod in the anode to maintain effective sodium utilization. In addition, we investigated the influence of carbon coating on the β″-Al2O3 membrane. The carbon coating layer on the β″-Al2O3 membrane showed improved wettability for sodium metal. The carbon-coated alumina membrane delivered a higher initial charge/discharge capacity than the pristine membrane cells.


Abstract The monospecific genus Sonderella is endemic to south-eastern Australia and has been the subject of speculation with regard to its taxonomic position. When the anatomy and reproduction of this genus were described in detail by Womersley [Aust. J. Bot. 13: 435–450 (1965)], he recommended the inclusion of Sonderella in the Rhodomelaceae and speculated that it would ultimately warrant its own tribe. Recent molecular investigation has confirmed both of Womersley's hypotheses. Classical anatomical investigation of the rare and poorly known New Zealand endemic genus Lembergia has shown that it shares many features with Sonderella, including vegetative construction and the position and construction of the reproductive structures. Molecular investigations of the 18S rRNA gene support the close relationship of the two genera, which are positioned within the Rhodomelaceae as a separate tribe, the Sonderelleae LE. Phillips, trib. nov.


In May 2018, the UK Government published an independent review of building regulations and fire safety in response to the tragic fire at Grenfell Tower. The Hackitt Review identified the need for traceability; a 'golden thread' preserving critical information about design intent and the as-constructed building in a proposed Digital Record (DR). This study proposes a framework for a DR for traceability of all built assets, new and existing. Three structured workshops including four working groups were held with industry practitioners and academics to collaboratively establish definitions of traceability and a DR. The key requirements of the DR were identified through development of 63 use cases. Building on traceability systems research in other industries, a framework for traceability of built assets was developed and analysed with industry. The framework, containing both information chains, supply chains and unique identification of traceable items, is outlined in this paper and its key components are discussed along with identification of areas for further research.


We investigate the thermal and ionization histories of Lyoc clouds photo ionized by a time-dependent UV background, including non-equilibrium effects. The results show that it is possible to obtain temperatures as low as T", 15 000 K (or, equivalently, Doppler parameters b ~ 15 km S-I) at z=3 for cloud total densities n '" 10-4 cm-3, if (i) the re-ionization epoch occurred at Zi'" 10, and (ii) the UV background has a factor of 70-100 decrease at the He II edge. A trend towards smaller b with increasing redshift is present in the redshift interval Z= 1-5. Higher densities lead to higher values of b and smaller hydrogen correction factors, nHU/nH,. The correction factors for helium are also given. For a hydrogen column density N H, =3 x 1014 cm-2, cloud sizes are larger than 100 kpc, consistent with recent observations of quasar pairs. Pressure-confined models, instead, yield implausibly low cloud densities at low redshift, and sizes that are too small at intermediate redshift. The implications of the model are confronted with the available observational data.


Contact Marcin Kobylecki Platige Image Raclawicka 99 02-634 Warszawa, Poland +48.2.284.46474 firstname.lastname@example.com www.platige.com www.fallen-art.com On an old, forgotten military base in the Pacific, soldiers who have lost their minds due to the hardships of war have gathered to complete one final mission. There, far away from civilization, Sergeant Al cultivates his love for the brave soldiers, Dr. Friedrich cultivates his talent for photography, and the mentally lost General A creates his art. But General A does uses neither paper nor canvas. He attempts something completely different.


Droplets in a continuously accelerated flow field, under certain conditions, deform as oblate spheroids and breakup. This type of flow field differs from the traditional shock tube experiments where droplets are suddenly exposed to a constant high velocity airstream. Bag, bag and stamen and shear breakup were encountered in previous works for water droplets under these conditions. The aim of this investigation is the visualization of the breakup modes of ethyl alcohol droplets in a continuously accelerated flow field. In order to generate this continuously accelerating flow field allowing for the illumination, the rotating arm facility at INTA is used. In this facility, droplets were allowed to fall in the path of an incoming aerofoil of a chord of 1050 mm mounted at the end of a rotating arm and moving at velocities up to 60m/s. A high-speed camera recording images up to 45 000 fps and shadowgraph illumination technique was employed. For some cases, direct illumination technique and a highresolution camera has also been used in this investigation. Under certain conditions, these droplets deform and breakup before impinging on the aerofoil. The influence of the droplet diameter (between 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm) and the aerofoil velocity (30-60 m/s) were investigated. In particular, a new type of breakup has been encountered for ethyl alcohol droplets of 1mm of diameter. After the deformations as an oblate spheroid, a bulge appears in the front part as in bag and stamen and it resemble the shape of a hat. However, then, instead of forming the bag, all the rear part of the droplet seems to collapse inside the droplet and a stamen is formed in the rear part of the droplets that grows a high quantity. At the same time, the droplet front part layer seems to shear back.