: Aim: This study investigates the impact of assertiveness training on assertiveness and self-esteem of high school students. Method: The study employs Quasi-experimental design where 130 participants aged 13-17 years were selected randomly and assigned into two groups as experimental (N-65) and control group (N-65). Tools: For this aim Assertiveness scale (AS) and Self-esteem questionnaire (RSE) were used. Training: During the treatment phase, the experimental group received assertiveness training of 5 weeks comprising two sessions per week, and each session took 45 minutes. After treatment both experimental and control groups are measured with post-tests. Results: The results show that assertiveness training has significantly increased the assertiveness and decreased the aggression and submission in the experimental group. Also the training has significantly increased the self-esteem of students. Conclusion: The obtained findings revealed an increase in the rate of self-esteem and assertiveness and decrease in the aggression and submission of students. Hence it proved that assertiveness training is significantly effective on the assertiveness, aggression, submission and self-esteem of students.


Background
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most common causes for cancer-related deaths. Recently, considerable improvements in radiological imaging have made it possible to limit surgery for patients who will benefit. However, ~25-50% of patients with resectable disease on computed tomography (CT) are found to have unresectable lesions at laparotomy. The sensitivity and specificity of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9) in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer has been reported to be as high as 90 and 98%, respectively. However, little is known about the value of serum CA 19-9 levels in evaluating the resectability of pancreatic carcinoma.
 Aim of the work
The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of serum CA 19-9 level in determining resectability of pancreatic cancer in comparison with triphasic CT.
 Patients and methods
This retrospective study included 40 patients with histologically confirmed pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Serum CA 19-9 level was recorded, together with the CT findings. The operative decision as regards resectability was recorded. The level of CA 19-9 in the resectable and irresectable cases was recorded to determine a cutoff value for serum CA 19-9.
 Results
Serum CA 19-9 in resectable cases was 182.84 ΁ 219.68, whereas in irresectable cases it was: 1119.60 ΁ 668.66 ( P < 0.001). At a cutoff value of 307.55, the sensitivity for resection was 100%, specificity was 88.67%, positive predictive value was 71.43%, the negative predictive value was 100%, and accuracy was 90%.
 Conclusion
Preoperative CA 19-9 serum level is a useful marker for further evaluating the resectability of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Obviously increased serum level of CA 19-9 more than 307.55 U/ml can be regarded as a predictor for unresectable pancreatic cancer. This is beneficial in avoiding unnecessary laparotomy and preventing its morbidity.


A Model for an Alternative Degree Program: Especially for Those Now Excluded From Post-Secondary Opportunity May 1978 John J. Hibert Jr B.S.E., Westfield State College M.Ed., Westfield State College ^ Ed.D., University of Massachusetts Directed by: Dr. Kenneth Blanchard This was a study to collect analyze and synthesize information on the options available to learners outside the usual parameters of our societies de fact eligibility requirements for access to post secondary degree programs. The synthesis was the starting point for the design of a model which will, when implemented, allow for alternative paths toward a college degree to those who have been previously excluded from thhis pursuit by reason of age, socio-economic position, and/or limitations of the time and space. The model is described as the optional degree. Another outcome of the study was the adaptation and development of four level and seven stage grids. It is a holistic model which represents the process which depicts the gestalt in which the optional degree


The adsorption-desorption behaviors of Cd2+ in branch river sediments were studied using the adsorption-desorption test,and the transport characteristics and environmental risk of Cd2+were assessed.The results show that the adsorption capacity of the sediments for Cd2+ increased,while the adsorption rate decreased,with the increase of the equilibrium concentration of Cd2+.The maximum adsorption capacity was 1 655.575 μg/g when the equilibrium concentration was 23.09 μg/mL.The adsorbing process had two stages: the fast adsorption that occurred in the first 30 minutes,and slow adsorption that occurred after 60 minutes.The desorption capacity of the sediments for Cd2+ increased with the increase of the adsorption capacity,and the desorption rate ranged from 1.51% to 4.96%.The retention factor was sensitive to the equilibrium concentration of Cd2+,and it decreased with the increase of the equilibrium concentration.The practical distribution coefficient(Kd) and retention factor(R′) of Cd2+ in the Daxi River were 1 766.15 L/kg and 999 68.76 L/kg,respectively,indicating a low transport risk of Cd2+.


The tunnel project is an important component of highway construction, and it deals with the technical problems in the design and construction of project, especially in the complex area of topography and geology and its features. According to a project case, this article discusses the design and construction of waterproof and drainage for the tunnels at the cold and special terrain. ;


The process of translational energy exchange on a ceramic is experimentally studied by the method of argon molecular beam. The incident molecules of a translational energy i/k=758 K and of a Mach number 17 impinge on a ceramic surface of temperatures Ts=300∼600 K. The angular distributions of velocity and number flux of molecules scattering from the ceramics are measured by a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The detected time-of-flight spectra agree well with the Maxwall distribution without macroscopic flow velocity. The translational energy of reflected molecules γ increases proportionally to Ts and may be expressed by the formula γ=C1 i + C2(2kTS). C1 s 0.8 and C2 s0.2 at the incident angle θi=60°; namely, reflected molecures get their 20% energy from the elastic scattering effect of the incident beat and 80% from the inelastic one on the surface. Their energy accommodation coefficients α lie roughly on 0.8 which agrees with C2, but α slightly decreases with an increase of T5.


The title compound, (NH4)4[W2(C10H12N2O8)O6]·4H2O, is a binuclear complex of tungsten with the edta4− ligand bridging two WO3 units, leading to a distorted octahedral coordination environment for the tungsten atoms. The supramolecular crystal structure is built up by the anion, four ammonium cations and four solvent water molecules and is established via hydrogen bonds of the N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O type.


Inhibition of HIV‐1 replication by differently substituted spirocyclopropyl compounds has been evaluated. Compound 21 showed a moderate activity (EC50 ranging from 2.3 to 5.8 μg/ml) against different HIV‐1 strains (IIIB, RF, NDK, and an AZT‐resistant strain) in different cell lines (MT‐4 and C‐8166 cells), while it was cytotoxic at 77.7 μg/ml, resulting in a selectivity index of 34. This compound was inactive against HIV‐2 (ROD) and SIV(MAC251). From "time‐of‐addition" experiments compound 21, like AZT, appeared to inhibit HIV‐1 at the reverse transcriptase step.


Commercial education is a type of training which, while playing its part in the achievement of the general aims of education of any given level, has for its primary objective the preparation of people to enter upon a business career, or having entered upon such a career, to render more efficient service therein and to advance from their present levels of employment to higher levels.


The purpose of this study was to develop a framework focusing on multicultural contexts and science education contents, and to analyze 3rd to 6th grade elementary science curricula of the 2007 revised Ontario science and technology in Canada with the 2009 revised and 2015 revised national science curricular in Korea. The framework's horizontal axis was divided into four levels: the contribution approach, the additive approach, the transformation approach and the social action approach, while its vertical axis was comprised of 'situation', 'components' and 'performance.' Based on the criteria, the author quantitatively compared the curricula of the two countries. Furthermore, examples concerned with multicultural contexts were discerned from the goals, expectations, strands, topics, assessment and other considerations for program planning in science. In the 2007 revised Ontario curriculum for science and technology, it clarified that the diversity of student cultural backgrounds should not only be respected and supported for adjustment to the new learning environment, but also that it should be considered as intercultural education perspectives. On the other hand, the 2009 revised and 2015 revised Korean national curriculum for science did not deliver on the importance of multicultural science education as written instructions. This study suggested that the Korean national curriculum for science needs to have learning materials showing respect for cultural diversity or diverse people working on scientific activities or careers. Moreover, definite directions and perspectives on multicultural science education should be established in the national science curriculum. The results of this study could be useful for the development, reconstitution, or improvement of science curriculum for teaching multicultural students concurrently.


Abstract We investigate the interactions responsible for the antiferroelectric behaviour of bi-mesogen low molar mass organosiloxane liquid-crystal material. We find that the behaviour is controlled by the conformation of the siloxane link between the two mesogens. The bent conformation of the siloxane link containing three silicon atoms appears to be the ideal one to impose the antiferroelectric order to a material that would otherwise be ferroelectric.


The explicit double sum for the associated Laguerre polynomials is derived combinatorially. The moments are described using certain statistics on permutations and permutation tableaux. Another derivation of the double sum is provided using only the moment generating function.


Studies of corporate reporting that focus on information disclosure do so primarily from a mandatory, financial perspective owing the decision to the rationality of corporate actors. Yet, social an...


Varroa destructor Anderson & Trueman 2000 preferentially infests the drone brood of the European honeybee, Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758. However, little is known about, how such infestations affect colony reproduction. The survival of drone honeybees was recorded as a function of different levels of Varroa infestation during their preimaginal development. In May and early June, drones emerging from uninfested brood cells lived a mean of 28 days. The life expectancy of parasitized drones was considerably shorter and depended on individual parasitic load. Since few infested drones lived till 12 days after emergence, when drones in Central Europe normally begin mating flights, varroatosis in Apis mellifera colonies significantly reduces the number of drones potentially participating in reproduction.


19 Energetic electron precipitation leads to increased nitric oxide (NO) production in the 20 mesosphere and lower thermosphere. NO distributions in the winter time, high-latitude Southern 21 hemisphere atmosphere during geomagnetic storms are investigated. NO partial columns in the 22 upper mesosphere at altitudes 70–90 km and in the lower thermosphere at 90–110 km have been 23 derived from observations made by the Solar Occultation For Ice Experiment (SOFIE) onboard 24 the Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite. The SOFIE NO measurements during 25 17 geomagnetic storms in 2008–2014 have been binned into selected geomagnetic latitude and 26 geographic latitude / longitude ranges. The regions above Antarctica showing the largest 27 instantaneous NO increases coincide with high fluxes of 30–300 keV precipitating electrons 28 from measurements by the second generation Space Environment Monitor (SEM-2) Medium 29 Energy Proton and Electron Detector instrument (MEPED) on the Polar orbiting Operational 30 Environmental Satellites (POES). Significant NO increases over the Antarctic Peninsula are 31 likely due to precipitation of 30 keV electrons from the radiation belt slot region. NO transport 32 is estimated using Horizontal Wind Model (HWM14) calculations. In the upper mesosphere 33 strong eastward winds (daily mean zonal wind speed ~20–30 ms -1 at 80 km) during winter 34 transport NO-enriched air away from source regions 1–3 days following the storms. 35 Mesospheric winds also introduce NO poor air into the source regions, quenching initial NO 36 increases. Higher up, in the lower thermosphere, weaker eastward winds (~5–10 ms -1 at 100 km) 37 are less effective at redistributing NO zonally. 38


The Communications Web site, http://cacm.acm.org, features more than a dozen bloggers in the BLOG@CACM community. In each issue of Communications, we'll publish selected posts or excerpts. twitter Follow us on Twitter at http://twitter.com/blogCACM http://cacm.acm.org/blogs/blog-cacm Mark Guzdial considers how the variety of learning outcomes and definitions impacts the teaching of computer science.


Against the current fire safety situation in high buildings and based on the dangers and harm of fire accidents,this paper suggests the ways to guarantee the fire safety in high buildings and it also puts forward some scientific management and the ways to strengthen the coordination of all aspects of the society.The paper also explains the ways to prevent and control fires and safety evacuation.


Abstract Previous analyses of lineament orientation patterns in Alaska have been concerned with regions underlain by relatively undeformed or weakly deformed sedimentary rocks, or by batholiths. An analysis of lineament directions in southeastern Alaska was undertaken in an effort to extend the information on lineament patterns into a more intensely deformed terrain. The region investigated contains steeply tilted and partly metamorphosed Mesozoic and younger eugeosynclinal rocks and Mesozoic and Tertiary granitic plutons. Deformation apparently occurred as a consequence of eastward Mesozoic and Tertiary sea-floor spreading that piled the marine sediments against the unyielding craton to the east. Lineaments may be due in part to sedimentary bedding, metamorphic foliation, or dikes, but evidence indicates that most of them are major faults. Lineaments in the region comprise three major sets with much weaker complementary sets. Dominant is a northwest-trending set that parallels the structural grain of the region. A strong north-south trending set and a weaker north-northwest trending set are oblique to the structural grain. Ore deposits in the region occur in areas of relative structural complexity where oblique structures interrupt the northwest trend.


We report a case of a 19-year-old female patient with a cellular mesoblastic nephroma (CMN)/infantile fibrosarcoma (IFS)-like tumor, a low-grade malignant renal tumor that usually affects neonates and young infants. She presented with severe abdominal pain, anorexia, and weakness. Subsequent imaging revealed a large solid-cystic mass in her left kidney. The tumor showed different histological features, such as atypical cells in nests and lobules, cystic spaces, rhabdoid cells, and myxoid change. The initial diagnosis was an undifferentiated malignant round cell tumor, and she received adjuvant chemotherapy with the VAD protocol for Wilms tumor, but it was stopped due to poor tolerance. Immunohistochemistry was positive for vimentin, and SMA, and negative for other markers raising the possibility of CMN. The tumor tested negative for SS18, BCOR, NTRK1, EWS, NCOA2, and NUTM1 cytogenetic analysis. The patient developed local recurrence and distant metastasis within 9 months and died within 1 year. We also reviewed the literature on cases of CMN/IFS lacking the NTRK3-ETV6 fusion gene, which is present in about 70% of CMN cases. Unbiased sequencing revealed oncogenic rearrangements in MAPK-signaling genes, especially epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and BRAF, in CMN and IFS cases without the fusion gene. EGFR internal tandem duplication was detected in all CMN tumors analyzed, making it a diagnostic marker and a potential therapeutic target. These findings increase our knowledge of this rare entity and offer insights into possible treatment options.


Taking the Chinese medicinal herb Codonopsis pilosula as host feed,an incubation test was conducted to study the effects of temperature on the growth and development of Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera:Anobiidae).The development threshold and effective accumulated temperature for the growth and development of L.serricorne were calculated,and the mathematical equations expressing the relationships between L.serricorne development and temperature were tested with Logistic model and "Wang-Lan-Ting" model.The development threshold temperature of L.serricorne at its egg,larva,pupae,and egg-pupae stages was 16.51,11.07,11.78,and 12.20℃,and the effective accumulated temperature was 89.59,669.53,137.12,and 912.72 day degree,respectively.Higher temperature was beneficial to the growth and development of L.serricorne.Comparing with Logistic model,the "Wang-Lan-Ting" model could better fit the relationships between L.serricorne development and temperature.This study supplied technical support to the pest control in the storage of C.pilosula.


An amorphous photoconductive GaAs switch is laser ablated directly onto a superconducting YBa2Cu3Ox coplanar transmission line structure. Illuminating the switch with femtosecond laser pulses generates electrical pulses containing frequency components up to 2 THz. The pulses are detected by photoconductive sampling and have a full width at half maximum of 0.4 ps without deconvolution. Measurements have been performed on both YBa2Cu3Ox and Au/YBa2Cu3Ox transmission lines and we find attenuation and dispersion coefficients to be larger on YBa2Cu3Ox at 77 K than on Au. Furthermore, the integrated photoconductive switch is used to demonstrate that subpicosecond pulses can propagate through small gaps in the transmission lines with minimum attenuation and dispersion.


The present invention relates to a kind of mixed type communication system based on multiplexing, described mixed type communication system includes transmitting terminal and user side, described transmitting terminal include downlink radio take place frequently emitter, downlink visible light emitter and uplink radio frequency receptor; Described user side includes downlink visible light receiver, downlink radio receptor frequently, uplink radio takes place frequently emitter and controller; Described controller is used for switching downlink radio frequency receptor or downlink visible light receiver receiving downlink data; And described mixed type communication system is in conjunction with multichannel multiplexing method, it is possible to realize the communication of SISO, SIMO, MISO and MIMO mode. Mixed type communication system of the present invention can for multiple users provide include the contents such as voice, data, video, message or broadcast multiple access access, and enable to multi-user realize include bandwidth and data system resource share.


Objective To investigate the mechanism of cisplatin (CDDP) impairing ovary function.Methods The changes of genital hormones,ovulation,MDA,T-AOC and ovary morphology were observed in mice after the intraperitoneal injection of CDDP.Results Sera follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteotropic hormone (LH) were increased,while estradiol (E2 ) and Progestin (P) were decreased. MDA increased and T-AOC decreased at ovary tissue. Ovulation reduced. More follicular atresia and intercellular substance presented. Ovaries became fibrous degeneration.Conclusion By oxidative injury,CDDP make disequilibrium between extracellular matrix form and degradation,which inhibit the function of follicle and granulocyte and cause premature ovarian failure.


Data security is very important in the multi-path transmission networks (MTN). Efficient data security measurement in MTN is crucial so as to ensure the reliability of data transmission. To this end, this paper presents an improved algorithm using single-single minimal path based back-up path (SSMP-BP), which is designed to ensure the data transmission when the second path is out of work. From the simulation study, the proposed algorithm has the better network reliability compared with existing double minimal path based backup path (DMP-BP) approach. It could be found that, the proposed algorithm uses less back-up paths compared with DMP-BP so that less network resources like nodes are achieved.


In coal mine construction process,faults which will cut through coal strata will be met along the roadway.Through observation in fault belt,by using coal filling fault line,symbol strata,stratigraphic marks,level spacing and stratigraphic column of mine coal,direction of broken and lost coal and fault fall are judged,and coal has been found successfully.


This paper presents a three different fault location approaches: one-end Takagi algorithm, two-end algorithm considering natural fault loops and neural network. It is assumed that three-phase voltages and currents from both ends of the line measured asynchronously are the input signals of the fault locator. In addition to natural fault loop signals also use of symmetrical components (positive and negative or incremental positive sequence components) to fault location were considered as well. Results of evaluation study have been included, analyzed and discussed. Influence of filtration have been also considered.


Due to the increasing number of abnormal temperature rise and fracture accident in composite insulators, the interface between the core and sheath has become one of the research hotspots in external insulation. The 30mm samples in this paper are taken from some short insulators whose core surface are treated by different methods including nonwovens, 180 mesh grinding wheel and 400 mesh sandpaper. The influence of copper foil attached to both ends of the sample on the leakage current in the water diffusion test according to national standard is studied at first and then the change process of leakage current is analyzed in detail. The results show that the copper foil on both ends of the sample will reduce the water sbsorption because the water molecules only can diffuse into the interface through the side of sheath; the interfacial performance of first sample and third sample are poorer than the second sample, probably because the rough surface can provide a larger contact area for the adhesive and core; as the boiling time increases, the amplitude of leakage current tends to increase near the S-curve and the phase angle difference between voltage and current decreases, which complementary angle (dielectric loss angle) can also be fitted by S-curve; the growth coefficient of S-curve decreases with the increase of the thickness of silicone rubber sheath.


The yttrium hydride dimer (Cp*2YH)2 (2) reacted rapidly with 3,3-dimethyl-1,4-pentadiene in methylcyclohexane-d14 at −78 °C to form the d0 yttrium(III) pentenyl chelate complex Cp*2Y[η1,η2-CH2CH2C(CH3)2CHCH2] (4). Low-temperature 1H, 13C, and 1H NOESY NMR spectroscopy of 4 established bonding of the tethered alkene to the d0 metal center. Quantitative analysis of the NOESY time course using the Conformer Population Analysis method demonstrates that the dominant conformers in solution are interconverting pairs of chelated complexes, one in a twist-boat conformation and the other a chair conformer. No significant contribution by a free alkene conformation is required to explain the spectroscopic data. Addition of THF to pentenyl chelate 4 at −78 °C displaced the alkene and formed the yttrium(III) pentenyl THF adduct Cp*2Y[η1-CH2CH2C(CH3)2CHCH2](THF) (5), in which there is no interaction between the pendant alkene and the d0 metal center. Yttrium hydride dimer 2 also reacted with either 1,4-pentadiene or met...


Abstract During a severe nuclear accident, different fission products will be released from the nuclear fuel and some of them may eventually reach the containment building. Ruthenium is considered to be an important fission product due to the possible formation of volatile oxides. Radiotoxicity and chemical toxicity of the volatile ruthenium compounds present a considerable hazard during a severe nuclear accident. In this work, experiments regarding behavior of ruthenium tetroxide in the reactor containment were performed. The interactions of ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) with zinc, copper, aluminum and epoxy paint in dry and humid atmosphere were examined. SEM/EDX (scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) and EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) techniques were used to identify the chemical composition of the deposits formed after the interaction of RuO4 with the different materials. Additionally, distribution of ruthenium between different metals was examined. Interaction of RuO4 with the studied samples led to formation of dark, ruthenium-rich deposits. Examination of these deposits showed different chemical speciation of ruthenium on the surface when compared to the deeper layers of deposits. Interaction of RuO4 with zinc, copper and aluminum resulted to different amounts of the deposited ruthenium on the metals.


Sensitive, high-temporal-resolution, time-of-flight (TOF) drift measurements yielding the drift velocity, longitudinal diffusion, and a new, higher order diffusion coefficient have been obtained in the gases XeF/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/S. These gases are of interest because of their potential as lasing constituents when combined with the highly energetic (8.5 MJ/kg) hydrogen azide (HN/sub 3/) gas. Kinetic studies indicate that a hybrid electrochemical laser using a mixture of XeF/sub 2/ and HN/sub 3/ might produce high densities of XeF(B)B to X, 3511 AA by means of an electrically initiated chemical chain reaction. The determination of transport properties reveals information about electron/chemical kinetic pathways leading to laser emission. The temporal behavior of the electron current pulses, shows an asymmetrical skewness (seen also in the noble gases), which is well represented by extending the data analysis to the second-order diffusion approximation afforded by the density gradient expansion theory. This skewness is seen as a higher order diffusion phenomena being represented by the new diffusion coefficient. The highly sensitive current detection and temporal response of this drift tube have been made possible by combining the usual components found in TOF drift tubes with a very sensitive, fast current amplifier to resolve the electron current pulse.<<ETX>>


rese rch continually demonstrates, then principals need to support and encourage initiatives to integrate classroom and library instruction into the mainstream of the school program; only when this becomes part of a schoolwide effort tied to other initiatives, can organizational mechanisms such as curriculum review, resource allocation, scheduling, and collaboration be put in place to guarantee teacher involvement and student participation in the program. Easy to say. Not so easy to do. Reality check: Teacher-librarians in secondary schools are not as involved in collaborative program planning and team teaching with class-


In the last years, educational technology has advanced tremendously. To better serve their students, schools and universities are moving online. AI-based proctoring solutions have also grabbed the industry, and online proctoring services are rising. Online proctoring systems (OPS) generally use online tools to ensure the examination is conducted with integrity. This study shows how to develop a multi-model system using computer vision to avoid and analyze anomalous student behavior during exams. The system incorporates mouth open/close detection, object identification, head posture assessment, and face detection utilizing Dlib facial landmarks and Yolo models. Our system also proposed a novel way of analyzing student behavior by analyzing the student's computer screen using a deep neural network model learned from our developed dataset, "AppScreenshotDS." This work achieves good detection accuracy, where the "Tasks Detection" model achieves 0.87 mean Average Precision (mAP) on the developed dataset and the "Behavioral Analyses Model" achieves 0.95 accuracies. We conclude that our proposal provides a novel method for detecting abnormal student behavior by analyzing what is on the student's computer screen using deep learning.


In Reply. —We agree with the observations of Drs Forster, Dasheiff, and Patterson regarding the origin of paroxysmal episodes of unconsciousness in a quadriplegic patient. Certainly, the differential diagnosis of such events includes seizures. Though the patient of Forster and Dasheiff was quadriplegic, there was evidence, at least by history, of positive neurologic phenomena during the event, ie, tongue biting, which is quite suggestive of a generalized seizure. The diagnosis was further strengthened by the abnormal EEG. Our patient never sought medical attention for his episodes of unconsciousness. After his death, his family members, with whom he lived, were extensively interviewed by two of us (C.E.M. and J.L.E.). They had witnessed many of his events and denied emphatically any tongue biting, versive head or eye movements, tonicclonic movements of either arm (he still had some upper-extremity function), or other stigmata of a seizure. Postmortem neuropathologic examination disclosed a cystic cavity, maximal at


To explore a possible indirect method for $\rm ^8Be$ induced astrophysical reactions, the $\rm ^9Be=({}^8Be+\it n)$ cluster structure was studied via the Trojan Horse Method. It is the first time to study a super short life nucleus $\rm ^8Be$ via the Trojan Horse Method, and it is the first time to make a valid test for $l=1$ Trojan-horse nucleus. The $\rm ^9Be$ nucleus is assumed to have a ($\rm {}^8Be+\it n$) cluster structure and used as the Trojan-horse nucleus. The $\rm ^8Be$ nucleus acts as a participant, while the neutron is a spectator to the virtual $\rm ^8Be +{\it d}\rightarrow \alpha + {}^6Li$ reaction via a suitable 3-body reaction $\rm ^9Be +{\it d}\rightarrow \alpha + {}^6Li +\it n$. The experimental neutron momentum distribution inside $\rm ^9Be$ was reconstructed. The agreement between experimental and theoretical momentum distribution indicates that there should be a ($\rm {}^8Be+\it n$) cluster structure inside $\rm ^9Be$. Therefor the experimental study of $\rm ^8Be$ induced reactions, for example the experimental measurement of the $\rm ^8Be +\alpha \rightarrow {}^{12}C$ reaction proceeding through the Hoyle state, is possible.


In this issue, we take stock of the impact on the field of academic and research librarianship by Duane E. Webster and his work with the Association of Research Libraries from 1970 to 2008. The articles included were presented at a special symposium held at Columbia University in the spring of 2008 in honor of Duane. I welcome portal Editor Emeritus Charles Lowry and my colleague on the portal editorial board, James Neal, as guest editors for this issue. Their opening editorials give more thoughts on the impressive and wide-ranging contributions that Duane has made over several decades to librarianship, information technology, management studies, information policy, and higher education. It is, however, an unplanned coincidence that Charles, the former editor of portal, is now the executive director of the ARL, and I, the current editor, was for a few years an associate director and a program officer at the association. We, thus, share a more personal experience of working with Duane to mobilize a small staff to join with library directors and other leaders across the country to put together an international program of research, advocacy, collaboration, training, and communication. Amidst the more serious professional assessments presented here, I thought I would personalize this with some observations about Duane Webster as a boss. How does someone known for his skillful management consulting put those ideas into practice? Here are some of the things I learned from watching and working with Duane. These may not have been the things he was trying to teach, but it is a little like the role of an author and the notion of "reader response" literary criticism; once you are done writing, the work is out there, and you cannot control how the reader interprets it.


CONTENTS Introduction 1 Fossil Proboscidea and the stratigraphy of the Pleistocene in Southeastern Asia. 3 Order Proboscidea 9 Suborder Elephantoidea 9 Family Elephantidae 9 Subfamily Stegodontinae 9 Stegolophodon stegodontoidesPilgrim)......... 9 Stegodon insignis (Falconer et Cautley)........ 13 Stegodon trigonocephalus Martin......... 17 Stegodon hypsilophus Hooijer 86 Subfamily Elephantinae 89 Archidiskodon celebensis Hooijer......... 89 Archidiskodon planifrons (Falconer et Cautley)...... 92 Stegoloxodon indonesicus Kretzoi species inquirenda..... 104 Elephas hysudricus Falconer et Cautley........ 107 Elephas hysudrindicus Dubois 110 Elephas maximus Linnaeus 132 Literature cited 138 Explanation of the plates 14З INTRODUCTION The fossil Proboscidea from Java that form the main subject of the present paper were brought together during the closing decade of the last century by Eug. Dubois and his assistants in search of Pithecanthropus. Fossil proboscideans had long been known to occur in the island ; as a matter


In this paper, the arrays consist of series-connected monochromatic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are proposed as the transmitter and receiver to implement an LED-to-LED underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) system. An array of green LEDs is used as the transmitter to enhance the emitted optical power, and the high-frequency attenuation of the LEDs is compensated by a pre-equalization circuit. Red LEDs are connected in series, forming an array as the detector to extend the bandwidth of the receiver. Furthermore, a lens group for homogenizing and focusing the light spot is designed to increase optical power-density at the plane of detector, thus significantly enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the captured signal. The proposed array with 3 series-connected red LEDs can increase the data rate by 22.2 % compared with a single red LED. An LED-to-LED UWOC system with a data rate of 130 Mbps over a 7-m underwater channel is realized with a BER lower than the forward error correction (FEC) threshold of $3.8\times 10^{-3}$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the series-connected LEDs as the detector, combining with a lens group for homogenization and focusing, are applied in an LED-to-LED UWOC system, which achieve the highest rate-distance product among the reported LED detection-based wireless optical communication (WOC) systems.


Subduction of the oceanic Nazca plate beneath the western edge of the South American plate is thought by most proponents of plate theory to have generated the tectonic forces and magmatic activity that have structured the Andean orogen. By this view, the Cenozoic andesitic magmas of the Andean stratovolcanoes originated within the oceanic crust of the descending plate or within the mantle adjacent to that plate. Accordingly, these Andean volcanic rocks should exhibit chemical and isotopic compositions similar to those of island-arc andesite of like origin. However, while major- and minor-element analyses reveal that the late Cenozoic volcanic rocks are chemically akin to those of the calc-alkalic suite of circum-Pacific island arcs, they exhibit significantly higher Sr/sup 87//Sr/sup 86/ ratios. The purpose of this paper is to examine these anomalously high isotopic ratios in the light of trace-element geochemistry and to develop from this a model for the genesis of the Cenozoic magma.


The Centre for Affordable Water and Sanitation Technology (CAWST) began expanding its services to online spaces in 2012 with a water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) Resources website where CAWST training materials are freely available for downloading, and a Biosand Filter Knowledge Base. This has led to an increase in WASH practitioners who have been able to use our resources and receive remote consulting support. We are currently working to expand our online services to include a Household Water Treatment Knowledge Base and an e-Library. The key challenge faced by CAWST has been the time required to support these services, both technically and with client support. CAWST has increased its team in order to address this challenge.


CTP has conducted several projects with the objective to give recommendations to the producers of paper and board packaging for the improvement in the recyclability of their products. Several characterization tests have been developed. Concerning the specific case of adhesive materials, at least two methods were mainly used in Europe to characterize the behaviour of adhesive application during paper recycling. (CTP-PTS method developed during a EU project, INGEDE method 12 developed by PMV). There is a need to have the same evaluation, independent of the laboratory performing the trials (adhesive producers, converters, papermakers...) to speak the same language. Based on this statement, it was decided that the 3 European institutes (PTS, PMV and CTP) develop a common adhesive test method. This method could be considered in the near future as the European standard test method. The option chosen was to combine the most interesting aspects of the procedures previously applied by CTP, PTS and PMV. Consequently, the development of a procedure based on INGEDE n°12 and including the macro-stickies formation rate (CTP Eurostickies method) was proposed and investigated.


Monitoring programs conducted by the French Research Institute for the Exploitation of the Sea IFREMER have been using the mussel watch approach introduced by Goldberg [1] since 1974, initially on wild and cultured bivalve mollusks [2], leading to long time data series for several trace elements (TEs: Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, V and Zn; http://envlit.ifremer.fr/). Since 1996, transplanted caged Mytilus galloprovincialis Lamarck, 1819 have been used to characterize the chemical contamination of Mediterranean coastal waters even in locations where no native wild mussels were available. This project succeeded in assessing the natural background and the extent of the chemical contamination first at the scale of the French Mediterranean littoral [3,4], and more recently at the scale of the whole western Mediterranean Sea [5,6]. However, these programs have focussed on a limited number of metals. Nowadays, the development of very sensitive equipment allows the measurement of some TEs found at very low environmental levels. In parallel, recent technological developments have led to an increase in the extraction and industrial refinement of TEs previously of little concern. Therefore, the environmental monitoring of less studied, potentially toxic TEs of emerging environmental concern is relevant [7]. From data previously published by richir & Gobert [7], the first objective of this short note was to discuss the bioaccumulation profile of 19 TEs that have been either broadly (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, Ag and V) or little monitored (Be, Al, Fe, Mn, Co, Se, Mo, Sn, Sb and Bi) in the Mediterranean mussel M. galloprovincialis. The second objective was to test the relevance of the Trace Element Pollution Index of richir & Gobert [8] when modelling the effect of the shell length and flesh dry weight on the overall accumulation of these 19 TEs in ropegrown mussels. Because of the importance of gametogenesis in the physiological cycle of M. galloprovincialis, the third objective was to briefly discuss the deterministic effect of the sex and the reproductive status on the overall TE bioaccumulation and the TE-specific compartmentalization in that species.


ABSTRACT Dynamic plane bending of sandwich beams composed of three symmetrically arranged layers is studied. Analyzing two special cases of interlaminar connections, namely, "perfect bond" and "elastic interlayer slip," a complete analogy between the corresponding initial-boundary-value problems is derived. Hence, the response of the beam with elastic interlayer slip can be determined directly from the solution of the perfectly bonded sandwich beam with moderately thick faces.


The program of this invention (see attached map) is to combine the temperature sensor with electronic label technology to produce an electronic label in the control of temperature (1), and has designed a special read-writer to read the information and automatically drawn the temperature curves during a certain period (2). It can also join with the users' RFID systems (3), and if beyond the temperature range, give an alarm automatically. The features of the system are that the temperature sensor is installed in the electronic label, and a hole is designed on the shell to capture temperature changes effectively. The readr-writer is installed to read and record the information of temperature changes, and automatically draw the curves changed with time and temperature during the period according to the reading information, giving an alarm when beyond the setting range. The system can also join the RFID application system to be used in net.


2-D NC manufacturing is widely used in the industry.This paper addressed a new algorithm on the offset of complex loops,which is the key problem in 2D NC programming.The method to offset the loop and the algorithm to process the loop self-intersection are detailed in the paper.Some examples illus- trated the validation of the algorithm.


Objective—Temporal gradients in fluid shear stress have been shown to induce a proatherogenic phenotype in endothelial cells. The biomechanical mechanism(s) that enables the endothelium to respond to fluid shear stress requires rapid activation and signal transduction. The small G protein Ras has been identified as an early link between rapid mechanotransduction events and the effects of shear stress on downstream signal-transduction cascades. The aim of this study was to elucidate the upstream mechanotransduction signaling events mediating the rapid activation of Ras by fluid shear stress in human endothelial cells. Methods and Results—Direct measurement of Ras-bound GTP and GDP showed that fluid-flow activation of Ras was rapid (10-fold within 5 seconds) and dose dependent on shear stress magnitude. Treatment with protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors or pertussis toxin did not significantly affect flow-induced Ras activation. However, activation was inhibited by transient transfection with antisense to G&agr;q or the G&bgr;&ggr; scavenger &bgr;-adrenergic receptor kinase carboxy terminus. Transfection with several G&bgr;&ggr; subunit isoforms revealed flow-induced Ras activation was most effectively enhanced by G&bgr;1&ggr;2. Conclusions—These results suggest that the rapid, shear-induced activation of Ras is mediated by G&agr;q through the activity of G&bgr;&ggr; subunits in human vascular endothelial cells.


We consider a coupled finite element (fe)–boundary element (be) approach for three‐dimensional magnetic field problems. The formulation is based on a vector potential in a bounded domain (fe) and a scalar potential in an unbounded domain (be). We describe a coupled variational problem yielding a unique solution where the constraints in the trial spaces are replaced by appropriate side conditions. Then we discuss a Galerkin discretization of the coupled problem and prove a quasi‐optimal error estimate. Finally we discuss an efficient preconditioned iterative solution strategy for the resulting linear system. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Predictive mathematical models have been proposed in alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Predicting concrete degradation and its effects on mechanical properties is of interest given the long time until degradation becomes critical for intervention and recovery, and difficult structural access for predictive and corrective monitoring and treatment. The present paper presents a general overview of the evolution of the aforementioned predictive mathematical models, interrelating them to the maturation of the phenomenological state of the art associated with ASR.  For this purpose, a systematic literature review was used, followed by bibliometric analysis and meta-analysis. In this study, 104 articles from 1974 to 2020 were selected, of which 31 articles were reviewed on the topic of mathematical modeling of ASR. The results of the method indicated the importance of the methodological approach of literature review to provide a comprehensive and chronological view of the evolution of ASR consolidated in the literature. It was found that the mathematical models have evolved considering the phenomenological approach of ASR.


Do Islamist political parties threaten emerging democratic processes?1 According to some, these groups are uncommitted to democratic norms and seek to exploit electoral processes to achieve nondemocratic ends. Others argue that the inclusion of Islamists is necessary because they represent a significant segment of their societies and because excluding them is a surefire means of promoting radicalism rather than encouraging moderation. Embedded in this latter argument is the idea that those who are included will become more moderate and tolerant as they learn to engage in democratic processes. Theoretically, we know surprisingly little about how this process might actually unfold. On a practical level, the stakes of getting political inclusion right – of deciding whom to include and whom to exclude – are extraordinarily high, particularly when pluralist institutions and practices are not yet well established. Yet the relationship between inclusion and moderation is more complicated than typically portrayed, and two distinct propositions – that exclusion increases radicalism, and inclusion increases moderation – are frequently conflated. Inclusion and exclusion are often posited as a continuum, with moderation greatest in democratic, pluralist, and politically inclusive societies, and radicalism greatest in exclusive, repressive, and authoritarian societies. If increased inclusion means decreased radicalism, then inclusion is certainly preferable on both normative and practical


The results of empirical research show that grain output and price fluctuation affect each other,but the change in grain output has the lagging effect on the change in price.Moreover,the influence of the change in output on the change in price is bigger than the influence of the change in price on the change in output.Therefore from the perspective of national grain security,measures should be taken to promote the sustainable increase of grain and the relative stability of price.


Simple expressions for the mutual impedances between infinitely thin, free half-wavelength dipoles have been previously introduced by the author. They were derived from an asymptotic expansion of a complicated bidimensional Fourier integral. These are extended to incorporate the widths of the dipoles. Very simple algebraic terms are involved, which enable one to perform calculations with a hand calculator.<<ETX>>


The problem of stepsize selection in the numerical solution of ordinary differential equations can be viewed as an automatic control problem. We will demonstrate how control theory can be used to analyze and improve the standard stepsize control algorithm. Previously, Gustafsson et al. [5] suggested a PI controller to overcome the problem of oscillating stepsize sequences that typically appear when explicit Runge-Kutta methods encounter stiffness. Its properties were investigated experimentally. Here, the superior properties of the PI controller will be analyzed using a model for the relation between stepsize and the local truncation error in the integration method. When stability limits the stepsize, the standard asymptotic model fails to correctly describe this relation. Instead, a dynamic model that takes this behavior into account is derived for explicit Runge-Kutta methods. The model is verified using numerical tests and system identification. The derived model helps analyzing standard stepsize control. The analysis gives insight and leads to a good understanding of the properties of the control system. The acquired understanding is used to further improve the PI controller as well as tuning its parameters,


Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection is common in cystic fibrosis (CF). Uptake of P. aeruginosa by the cell and the subsequent apoptosis may prevent colonization of P. aeruginosa in CF airways. CF airw ...


Under catalyst- and additive-free conditions, a novel, convenient, environmentally friendly method was developed for the synthesis of 2-substituted benzothiazoles via the three-component one pot reaction from aromatic amines, aliphatic amines, and elemental sulfur. The reaction achieves double C–S and one C–N bond formations via cleavage of two C–N bonds and multiple C–H bonds. Furthermore, the mechanism research shows that DMSO acts as an oxidant in the cyclization reaction.


Private Hospitals are lawful medical institutions which are responsible for their own management decisions,profits and losses.They aim at making profits but also pay much attention to the unification of social benefit and economic benefit.Taking the Shanghai Private Hospitals as an example,by data collection,questionnaire survey and interviews from general public and hospital administrators,it is concluded the overall development of Shanghai Private Hospitals is far from satisfaction.Private Hospitals must define their medical concepts and market orientation for long-term development,and strengthen the monitoring system and attain public′s trust for their healthy development.Since China has a huge demand for medical service,private hospitals will surely have a bright future as long as capturing the market and holding the faith of "serving for patients,and benefiting the society".


It is important to correlate thermodynamic data for replacements for CFCs and HCFCs and present it in a form that will allow industry to design equipment from charts rather than complicated thermodynamic equations. This paper outlines the development of such equations for the more popular of these fluids. Sample pressure-enthalpy diagrams are then given for the pure fluids. In addition, since replacements for CFCs and HCFCs can be formed from both zeotropic and azeotropic mixtures of these fluids, the use of a typical mixing rule is discussed and initial results presented.


trauma incited by this new law. Silverstone's final study continues her analysis of appropriating Shakespeare in response to un folding trauma with Nicholas Hytner's 2003 production of Henry V for the National Theatre. Here, however, Hytner's problematic co-option for enter tainment purposes of images of trauma from the British invasion of Iraq is employed to examine the ethical responsibilities of spectator ship in relation to representations of trauma. This returns Silverstone to her apposite concern as to the efficacy or otherwise of staging trauma as a means of countering violence. The political and cultural focus of this wideranging study extends its usefulness beyond those with a specific interest in Shakespeare and staging trauma to scholars engaged with the ethics of con temporary performance archiving and practice. sarah mccourt


It is known that a transform of Liouville type allows one to pass from an equation of the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) hierarchy to a corresponding equation of the Camassa-Holm (CH) hierarchy [2, 39]. We give a systematic development of the correspondence between these hierarchies by using the coefficients of asymptotic expansions of certain Green's functions. We illustrate our procedure with some examples.


Part 1 Basis for monoclonal antibody and peptide therapy: the nature of B- and T-cell determinants, Akio Ametani and Eli E. Sercarz molecular dissection of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex, Bernard Malissen et al CD4, CD8 and other surface molecules regulating T-cell activation, Jean-Pierre Revillard and Nathalie Berard-Bonnefoy MHC proteins and MHC peptide interactions, Dominique J. Charron and Vincent Lotteau monoclonal antibodies for the therapeutic induction of tolerance, Herman Waldmann et al T-cell receptor-based immunointervention in autoimmune diseases - therapeutic use of monoclonal antibodies, Lucienne Chatenoud and Jean-Francois Bach. Part 2 Mechanisms of autoimmune diseases: the role of autoantigens in the driving of autoimmune diseases, Ivan M. Roitt T-cell receptors in autoimmune disease, Hans Acha-Orbea MHC and autoimmune diseases, Gerald T. Nepom. Part 3 T-cell receptor-based immunointervention in autoimmune diseases: anti-TcR antibodies in autoimmune diseases, Christian Boitard and Jean-Francois Bach anti-CD3 antibodies, Lucienne Chatenoud and Jean-Francois Bach anti-T-cell receptor V8 antibodies in autoimmunity, Hans Acha-Orbea vaccination with T-cell receptor peptides, Steven Brostoff. Part 4 Anti-CD4 antibodies: treatment of murine lupus with anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies, David Wofsky anti-CD4 antibodies in diabetes, Judith A. Shizuru and C. Garrison Fathman from treatment of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis to clinical trials in multiple sclerosis, Lawrence Steinman et al human-murine chimeric CD4 monoclonal antibodies - a modern panacea for autoimmune disease, Gert Riethmuller et al CD4 antibody therapy in chronic inflammatory dermatological diseases, P. Morel et al. Part 5 Other monoclonal antibodies: anti-class II antibody treatment in autoimmune diseases, Christian Boitard interleukin-2 receptor-targeted immune therapy, T. Diamantstein and Hans Juergen Hahn anti-gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) monoclonal antibodies, Jean-Francois Bach. Part 6 Autoantigens: suppression of T-cell activation by administration of MHC class II-binding peptides, Luciano Adorini and Jean-Charles Guery autoantigenic peptide therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, David C. Wraith thyroglobulin as autoantigen and tolerogen, David C. Rayner et al prevention of myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis with competitor peptides, Stacy C. Smith and Paul M. Allen. Part 7 Summary: summary of monoclonal antibody and peptide therapy, Jean-Francois Bach.


Soft power is turning into the decisive factor in competition for enterprises.This paper firstly discusses the meaning about soft power of China′s listed companies and establishes a simple model of soft power,then draws lessons from the company governance theory and puts forward its importance to forming and strengthening soft power.Finally,this text point out the urgent requirement of information disclosure of soft power with the present information disclosure about listed companies.


The University of Bologna celebrated its eighth centenary in 1888. The only Spaniards, who travelled from the Iberian Peninsula, present at the celebration were Adolfo Posada (professor of Political Law at Oviedo University) and especially the geologist and paleontologist Juan Vilanova (Madrid Central University). Through their chronicles and memories we can access the three different meanings of the event: the strictly academic and memorial, the recognition and support of the new Italian reality, and the international fraternization utopia about science.


Ninety-one species of saprobic fungi were identified from decaying leaves and petioles of Livistona chinensis. Leaves of L. chinensis were dominated by two species of Pseudospiropes during the first month, and subsequently by Lachnum palmae and Zygosporium echinosporum. Appendicospora hongkongensis and Oxydothis elaeicola dominated on petiole tips, midpetioles and petiole bases of the palm. The frequency of occurrence and the relative abundance of the latter two species increased during the first 4 months. Astrosphaerie/la bakariana dominated the petiole tips and mid-petioles after 10 months of decay. Fungi with sporadic dominance include Cocoicola livistonicola and Verticillium cf. dahliae on petiole tips, and Oxydothis obducens on mid-petioles and petiole bases. A correspondence analysis performed for fungi occurring on different tissue types revealed distinct clusters, corresponding to leaves and petiole parts. The high percentage of fungal taxa confined to the leaves or petiole parts indicated that saprobic palmicolous fungi exhibit tissue specificity.


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The Centre for Social Impact (CSI) is a partnership between the business schools of the University of New South Wales, the University of Melbourne, Swinburne University of Technology and The University of Western Australia. It brings together the committed hearts and business heads of the philanthropic, not-for-profit, private and government sectors in pursuit of social innovation. It provides socially responsible business management education and research in the common cause of building a stronger civil society for Australia. The CSI issues papers provide analysis on a topical issue impacting the third sector. Opinions expressed in these papers are those of the individual authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Centre for Social Impact.


Introduction. This study aimed to explore research assessment within the field of music and, specifically, to investigate whether citation counting could be used to replace or inform the peer review system currently in use in the UK.
Method. A citation analysis of academics submitted for peer review in Unit of Assessment 67 in the 2001 Research Assessment Exercise was performed using the Arts and Humanities Citation Index and checked for correlations with the Assessment scores. A Spearman rank order correlation coefficient test was used to assess the significance of correlations between citations and scores.
Results. At a departmental level, citation counts correlated strongly with scores awarded by the Assessment Exercise. A weaker correlation was found between scores and individual counts. The correlations were significant at the 0.01% level. Types of submission were analysed and trends were found within the author group. However, the Arts and Humanities Citation Index was found to be unrepresentative of music research activity in UK universities due to its choice of source material.
Conclusion. The Arts and Humanities Citation Index alone is not a suitable data source for citation analysis in the field of music. However, if an alternative data source could be found, there is potential for the use of citation analysis in research assessment in music


Results: In this study, 430 stool samples were tested and 52 (12.1%) were identified as contaminated with E. coli using standard biochemical tests. The ETEC were detected in eight patients (15.4%) with diarrhea by the MRT-PCR and MPCR methods. The results of this study showed that four out of eight strains (50%) were STI a producer, and three out of eight strains were ST producers (37.5%). Also, one strain (12.5%)


Covid-19 (Corona Viruse Desease) is a non-natural disaster that has swept the world. Countries affected by the virus include China, Japan, the United States, Singapore, Korea and dozens of other countries including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of public communication carried out through the media to the public regarding the dangers of the covid-19 pandemic". The research method uses the library research method which refers to the resources available online, literature studies and analysis of text framing in the mass media about news about Covid-19 both print and online. This research presents public communication for Covid-19 disaster mitigation. Public communication here is the government's public communication in handling Covid-19. The findings of the study are that public communication can support Covid-19 disaster mitigation. The limitations of this study limit the mass media under study and limit information about Covid19. The results showed the role of public communication determines the success of the government and the region in providing information about the Covid-19 disaster that occurred. The problem that often arises is the lack of uniformity of understanding of the characteristics of the Covid-19 outbreak so that information confusion occurs. There are still many who do not know the dangers of Covid-19 so here the role of the mass media is needed. Optimization of public communication is essential for the success of Covid-19 Disaster Mitigation. Successful mitigation is expected to minimize the spread of Covid-19 and minimize fatalities. Synergy and cooperation between the central government, regional governments, mass media and the community are also very much needed in the distribution of Covid-19 information, including regarding the necessary mitigation. Successful synergy and collaboration are expected to be one of the solutions in reducing the spread of Covid-19 and fatalities.


Fracture management in chronic SCI can be summarized by the following principles. Fractures in the upper extremity and in incomplete SCI are treated by standard orthopedic guidelines. Nondisplaced femoral neck fractures require cannulated screw fixation, whereas displaced fractures require an endoprosthesis. Nondisplaced intertrochanteric and subtrochanteric hip fractures may be treated nonoperatively in the elderly or medically ill, but those who require mobilization and a predictable outcome require intramedullary hip screw (IMHS) fixation. Femoral shaft and displaced tibia shaft fractures require intramedullary locked nails. Most periarticular knee fractures may be managed by nonoperative splinting. Nondisplaced fractures of the tibia and below are treated by nonoperative means.


We characterized the responses of different types of rare-earth doped fibers (Yb, Er and Er/Yb) to various types of radiations like UV, gamma-rays, X-rays and protons. The understanding of the radiation-induced effects in this class of optical fibers is necessary as they are possible candidates for use as part of fiber-based systems like gyroscopes that will have to operate in space environment. For all types of irradiations, the main effect is an increase of the linear absorption of these waveguides due to the generation of point defects in the core and cladding. We characterize the growth and decay kinetics of the radiation-induced attenuation during and after irradiation for various compositions of optical fibers. In this paper, we particularly investigate the relative influence of the rare-earth ions (Er, Yb or Er/Yb) and of the glass matrix dopants (Al, P, ...) on the optical degradation induced by ultraviolet laser exposure at 5 eV. This has been done by using a set of five prototype optical fibers designed by iXFiber SAS to enlighten the role of these parameters. Additional spectroscopic tools like confocal microscopy of luminescence are also used to detect possible changes in the spectroscopy of the rare-earth ions and their consequence on the functionality of the active optical fibers.


Lin's ratchet mechanism developed by Lin and his associates for fatigue crack initiation under tension and compression loading is here applied to fatigue under torsional loadings. Under the former loading, the most favorable slip system has a slip plane and a slip direction, both making 45 deg with the free surface; while under the latter the most favorable slip system has a slip direction parallel to the free surface. High cycle fatigue loading is considered. A slip direction parallel to the free surface does not produce extrusion or intrusion. A surface crystal with a slip plane normal to the shaft axis and with a slip direction making an angle β with the free surface was considered. Displacement component normal to the free surface is considered to be a measure of the amount of intrusion, which, in turn, is taken as a measure of crack initiation. It was found that the angle β, giving a maximum displacement component normal to the free surface, varies with the torsional stress. Under the same maximum range of shear stress (zero mean stress), the growth of the displacement component normal to the free surface is much larger in the tension and compression specimen than in torsional ones.


A numerical study of the radiation in coupled bent waveguides is presented. Such arrangements of curved waveguides in reduced radiation-loss configurations can be used to enhance the quality factor of integrated microresonators. 3D full vector computations of the complex modal fields (and propagation constants) and the transient propagation effects have been performed. The results obtained agree qualitatively with former 2D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) analyses. At the same time, the calculations presented meet the accuracy requirements for the design of practical implementations that are unattainable with 2D approaches.


Pensions and social insurance—key parts of the welfare state—redistribute income and wealth across class by providing, or not providing, practical and legitimate access to basic income without requiring work for pay. Mistaken attention to generational equity and austerity economics creates a set of beliefs that older people should work more, forming what the article calls an emerging "Working Longer Consensus," which is supported by three false doctrines. Using OECD data and secondary sources, the article counters each false doctrine by showing that healthy longevity gains are not distributed equally; there is no demonstrated trade-off between public spending for the elderly and children; and a greater supply of elder labor does not necessarily mean economic prosperity. The Working Longer Consensus, like the Washington Consensus, promises that pension austerity will yield economic prosperity.


The main objective of this study is to discover and rank relevant web services from the given set of WSDL documents automatically for the specified user requirements through semantic search. Current web services are described using WSDL that only provides syntactic description of a web service. This syntactic description is related with the implementation details of a service and thus customized towards the requirements of the programmer. Semantic descriptions of the web services are necessary to automatically discover many relevant web services for a specific user request. In the proposed architecture, the semantic descriptions of a given set of WSDL documents are extracted using WordNet Ontology Framework and Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) concepts and these semantic descriptions are stored in the database along with the WSDL documents. The given set of WSDL documents are semantically categorized in to six predefined categories based on the semantic descriptions. These semantically categorized WSDL documents are searched for discovering relevant web services for a refined service request. As these relevant web services are semantically ranked and displayed, the users are facilitated with the required information. The effectiveness of this proposed architecture is evaluated with set of WSDL documents that are collected from OWLS-TC test collection. The analysis of results shows that the proposed architecture provides better improvement on recall, precision and average query response time.


Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among Latinas in the United States. The primary purpose of this meta-synthesis was to integrate findings on qualitative studies related to Latinas' knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding breast cancer and its prevention through mammography. After applying inclusion criteria, eleven studies were located. Results were organized around four areas of inquiry that cross-cut primary studies: 1) Latina participants' knowledge of breast cancer and its prevention; 2) barriers for regular mammography; 3) facilitators that encouraged such screening; and 4) recommendations on how to provide screening for Latina women.


This study tries to gain insight into the relationship between franchising and organizational performance using selected fast food restaurants in Nigeria as case study. It specifically investigates the effects of franchising types and franchising ownership on organizational performance. This research work was undertaken in order to fill the existing gap in literature with regards to the effects of franchising types and franchising ownership on organizational performance. Thus, this study will add to the existing level of understanding on the subject of investigation and add to the existing literature on the subject especially in underdeveloped countries where such study is not popular. The survey research design was employed. Primary data were used and they were collected through the administration of question to our respondents. Data collected were analyzed using descriptive method and simple percentage. Three hypotheses were advanced and tested with the aid of correlation coefficient. The findings show that there is positive relationship between franchising types and organizational performance and that positive relationship also exists between franchising ownership and organizational performance. The author concludes by saying that franchising as a business form is fast becoming the in thing in Nigerian business arena and it is therefore a good investment opportunity for upcoming entrepreneurs. Key words: Franchising, business organizations, franchising relationships, organizational performance, franchising types, and franchising ownership.


Through this research know that In the early 1990s With a drop in asset value due to the collapse of the bubble phenomenon in the Japanese general...


In order to analyze the sealing performance of sealing device in pneumatic rammer,the finite element model of the sealing device was built. Comparative analysis of O- sealing ring and X- sealing ring was made,and the effect of initial compression,gas pressure,friction coefficient and movement speed on the sealing performance of X-sealing ring was analyzed. The results show that X-sealing ring is more suitable for dynamic seals than O-sealing ring;the influence of initial compression has less effect on the sealing performance of X-sealing ring;friction coefficient and movement speed are importance factors influencing the sealing performance of X-sealing ring.


Students who allege to be victims of peer-inflicted sexual harassment have increasingly relied on the "special relationship" doctrine to attempt to hold school officials individually liable under federal constitutional law for failing to protect students from peer harassment. Applied to schools, student plaintiffs generally argue that compulsory attendance laws create a "special relationship" between students and school officials, thereby placing on school officials an affirmative duty to protect students from harassment as a violation of students' due process rights under the federal constitution. Primarily through the review of case law, this doctrine is examined as it applies to school officials' duty to protect students from peer sexual harassment. This examination determined that the special relationship claim has been and will likely continue to be an ineffective avenue for students to redress peer sexual harassment claims; however, due to other legal developments briefly mentioned, school officials are advised not to disregard peer harassment claims.


Although antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs) have had success in curtailing inappropriate antibiotic use, they remain time- and labor-intensive. To expand the reach of ASPs, approaches to more efficiently target ASP efforts are urgently needed. We developed and validated an electronic algorithm to identify inappropriate antibiotic use in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

 Within the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania (HUP) and Penn Presbyterian Medical Center (PPMC), we used ICD-10 diagnostic codes to identify inpatient patient encounters for pneumonia between 3/15/17 – 3/14/18 for which patients received a systemic antibiotic in the first 48 hours of hospitalization. Exclusion criteria included transfer from another facility, intensive care unit admission or death in first 48 hours, immunocompromising condition, or specific comorbidities. We randomly selected 300 subjects (150-HUP, 150-PPMC). Inappropriateness of antibiotic use based on chart review served as the basis for assessment of the electronic algorithm which was constructed using only data in the electronic health record (EHR). Criteria for appropriate prescribing, choice of antibiotic, and duration of therapy were based on established hospital and IDSA guidelines.

 Of 300 subjects, median age was 60, 53% were female, and median hospital stay was 4.25 days. Of the 300 subjects, 237 (79%) were admitted to general medicine, hospitalist, family medicine, or geriatrics services. On chart review, 295 (98%) subjects were correctly diagnosed with CAP. Of these subjects, the choice of initial antibiotic(s) was appropriate in 263 (89%). Of these 263 subjects, 222 (84%) had an appropriate duration of therapy. Test characteristics of the EHR algorithm (compared to chart review) are noted in the Table.

 An electronic algorithm for identifying inappropriate prescribing, antibiotic choice, and duration is highly accurate for patients hospitalized for CAP. This algorithm could be used to efficiently target ASP initiatives. The impact of interventions based on this algorithm should be tested in future studies.
 Test Characteristics of Electronic Algorithm for Inappropriate Prescribing, Agent, and Duration

 All Authors: No reported disclosures


This study aimed to examine the technical and economic feasibility of lais aquaculture production. A cultivation activity was done in order to increase profits. Primary data was collected by interviewing fish cultivators and secondary data was obtained from related references. The bioecological characteristics of lais fish made this fish a candidate for aquaculture commodities paying attention to the management and technology used. Various technical aspects of production need evaluated continuously, including site selection, seed stocking, feeding, water quality management, fish health, harvesting, and marketing. Referring to the components of the evaluation results which were very lacking. Farmers need partners as mentors and access to several facilities to support production components that have not been maximized, one of which is the provision of best practices of fish handling certified superior lais fish fry.


Uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) design with low frequency transformers for isolation purposes are known to contribute to their bulkiness in terms of size and weight. A UPS with high frequency isolation transformer has been proposed in literature to overcome the problems related to the use of the low frequency transformers. This research involves a simulation study on a single-phase UPS system with design that includes a high frequency isolation transformer. With the use of a high frequency ferrite transformer for instance the UPS system can be made smaller and lighter. There are a few stages of the system that need to be considered in the simulation study. This includes a rectifier and inverters with high switching frequency and at line frequency respectively. The high switching frequency inverter is linked directly to the high frequency transformer. The UPS has been designed to eliminate harmonic currents while realizing isolation between the AC input and DC output power stage as well as matching the DC voltage of the PWM inverter by means of integrating a compact high frequency transformer into high-frequency transitional state. The results of the simulation study however are not as expected at all stages of the system.


In electric vehicles with multiple motors, the torque at each wheel can be controlled independently, offering significant opportunities for enhancing vehicle dynamics behaviour and system efficiency. This paper investigates energy efficient torque distribution strategies for improving the operational efficiency of electric vehicles with multiple motors. The proposed strategies are based on the minimisation of power losses, considering the powertrain efficiency characteristics, and are easily implementable in real-time. A longitudinal dynamics vehicle model is developed in Simulink/Simscape environment, including energy models for the electrical machines, the converter, and the energy storage system. The energy efficient torque distribution strategies are compared with simple distribution schemes under different standardised driving cycles. The effect of the different strategies on the powertrain elements, such as the electric machine and the energy storage system, are analysed. Simulation results show that the optimal torque distribution strategies provide a reduction in energy consumption of up to 5.5% for the case-study vehicle compared to simple distribution strategies, also benefiting the battery state of charge.


The blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is a listed endangered species under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. A distinct population of blue whales, the eastern Indian Ocean pygmy blue (EIOPB) whale, migrates along the Western Australian coast to the Banda Sea in Indonesia. Their distribution and the delineation of biologically important areas (BIAs) in the north west marine region of the Australian coast are based on limited data with two possible foraging areas identified in the Blue Whale Conservation Management Plan – off Ningaloo and Scott Reef. This uncertainty is a problem because effective management of the many anthropogenic activities associated with industrial development in this area (e.g. oil and gas, commercial shipping and fishing) relies on robust data. To this end, we combined new satellite tag deployments on EIOPB whales off Ningaloo Reef with existing satellite tracking data to provide sufficient data to understand the spatial and temporal extent of the population's distribution and the movement behaviour in the north west. We also deployed passive acoustic instruments at North West Cape and combined these with existing passive acoustic data from the north west, including 18 deployed instruments and 14 ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs). To fill data gaps in our understanding of EIOPB whale broad scale distribution on their northern and southern migration, we undertook three passive acoustic surveys using ocean gliders, thereby providing extensive spatial coverage across the north west.


Photo-oxidative desulfurization (PODS) properties of MoO3–metal–organic framework composite photocatalysts were investigated by introducing the proper weight percent of MoO3 into a Zn(II)-based MOF, [Zn(oba)(4-bpdh)0.5]n·1.5DMF (TMU-5), for the mineralization of dibenzothiophene from model oil. The addition of 3 wt % of MoO3 into a TMU-5 host acting as a crystal growth inhibitor was confirmed by PXRD and BET results. For the first time, under mild and green reaction conditions, 5 wt % MoO3–TMU-5 composite (MT-5) exhibited good photocatalytic activity in the model oil PODS reaction, which has no limitations in the current oxidative desulfurization catalytic systems. Only 3% of the total amount of MoO3 content in the MT catalyst is leached during the reaction. In addition, the rate of PODS of MT-5 obeys a pseudo-first-order equation with an apparent rate constant of 0.0305 min–1 and half-life t1/2 of 22.7 min. Radical scavenger experiments and terephthalic acid fluorescence techniques confirmed that OH• and...


ABSTRACT Mammalian reoviruses are thought to assemble and replicate within cytoplasmic, nonmembranous structures called viral factories. The viral nonstructural protein μNS forms factory-like globular inclusions when expressed in the absence of other viral proteins and binds to the surfaces of the viral core particles in vitro. Given these previous observations, we hypothesized that one or more of the core surface proteins may be recruited to viral factories through specific associations with μNS. We found that all three of these proteins—λ1, λ2, and σ2—localized to factories in infected cells but were diffusely distributed through the cytoplasm and nucleus when each was separately expressed in the absence of other viral proteins. When separately coexpressed with μNS, on the other hand, each core surface protein colocalized with μNS in globular inclusions, supporting the initial hypothesis. We also found that λ1, λ2, and σ2 each localized to filamentous inclusions formed upon the coexpression of μNS and μ2, a structurally minor core protein that associates with microtubules. The first 40 residues of μNS, which are required for association with μ2 and the RNA-binding nonstructural protein σNS, were not required for association with any of the three core surface proteins. When coexpressed with μ2 in the absence of μNS, each of the core surface proteins was diffusely distributed and displayed only sporadic, weak associations with μ2 on filaments. Many of the core particles that entered the cytoplasm of cycloheximide-treated cells following entry and partial uncoating were recruited to inclusions of μNS that had been preformed in those cells, providing evidence that μNS can bind to the surfaces of cores in vivo. These findings expand a model for how viral and cellular components are recruited to the viral factories in infected cells and provide further evidence for the central but distinct roles of viral proteins μNS and μ2 in this process.


Nodularin(NOD) is a cyclic pentapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the cyanobacterial genus Nodularia.NOD is a hazardous algal toxin,and it is believed to be potent tumor promoter and initiator.The liver is the main target organs for NOD.The toxicity of NOD is due to specific inhibition of the type-1 and type-2A intracellular protein phosphatases.The research advances in the production,physical-chemical character,toxicity,detection technology of NOD were reviewed,and further more the promising research fields on NOD were also prospected.


The crimes about credit cards are often transnational or foreign-related.In order to suppress this kind of crimes,it is important to actively seek international cooperation on the basis of the perfection of civil legislation. Focusing on the transnational feature of this kind of crimes and their basic situation,this article introduces the international standards of suppressing such crimes,as well as provisions of the criminal law in the other countries.In the meantime,the author introduces briefly the legal countermeasures to deal with such crimes in our country.


Abstract : Radioactive ionization gages were used as sensors for pitot measurements on two Sparrow-Arcas boosted payloads launched on 7 and 8 February 1968. Pressure, temperature, and density were obtained in the region 38 to 70 km. Both graphical and tabulated data are presented. The vehicle system performance and the payload performance were excellent. Modification of ionization gage sensitivity would permit data acquisition to 105 km.


In the title compound, C29H23NO2S, the bond angles around the S atom indicate a distorted tetrahedral configuration. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π hydrogen bonds.


Despite of the fact, that the thyratron was invented more than 50 years ago, it remains as the main switch in high-voltage impulse generators. The process of the discharge formation inside the anode grid gap of a thyratron happens in conditions when the mean free path of electrons is more than the interelectrode anode-grid distance (left-hand side of the Pashen curve). This type of the discharge has been assigned as a high-voltage one, which is the least investigated. In this-connection the objective of the paper is learning processes happening in the anode-grid gap of a thyratron at the prebreakdown period. It is also necessary to work out the method of a measurement of the prebreakdown current.


In 2002 the Cable Television Chamber of Commerce located in Lodz (Poland) filed a complaint with the President of the Office for Competition and Consumer Protection (hereafter: the OCCP…


The nonlinear least squares algorithm of Gill and Murray (1978) is extended and modified to solve nonlinear L р-norm estimation problems efficiently. The new algorithm uses a mixture of 1st-order derivative (Guass-Newton) and 2nd-order derivative (Newton) search directions. A new rule for selecting the "grade" r of the p-jacobiab matrix Jp was also incorporated. This brought about rapid convergence of the algorithm on previously reported test examples.


The utility model discloses a polisher for a steel rail, which comprises an underframe fixed on a supporting object and a main body hinged on the underframe; a grinding wheel for polishing the steel rail and a driving device for driving the grinding wheel are arranged on the main body; a supporting part is also fixedly arranged on the main body; and an angle adjusting device for adjusting the included angle between the main body and the underframe is arranged on the underframe. The utility model solves the problems in the prior art by providing a polisher for the steel rail, which can quickly and accurately change the polishing angle.


The Contributors, vi List of Illustrations, vii List of Abbreviations, viii Acknowledgements, ix Preface Robert Higham, xi English Uplands, South West and North East: local history and archaeology at inter-regional level. (The Harte Lecture, 1987) Peter Fowler, 1 The development of medieval rural settlement in Somerset Michael Aston, 19 Peasant farmers, patterns of settlement and pays: transformations in the landscapes of Devon and Cornwall during the Later Middle Ages Harold Fox, 41 New towns for old? Urban reconstruction after fires in the South West: the case of Blandford Forum, Dorset, 1731 Michael Turner, 75 The Georgian landscape garden: Devon in the national context Steven Pugsley, 91 The reform of urban management and the shaping of Plymouth's mid-Victorian landscape Mark Brayshay, 105.


According to the similar structure of catechin and persimmon tannin, and according to the same color change during two reaction processes between persimmon juice-sodium carbonate-phenol solution and catechin-sodium carbonate-phenol solution, and at the same wavelength with absorbing peak of these two kinds solution, the paper firstly presents a new measurement method of persimmon tannins抯 content. This method is more convenient, time-saving and safer. By analysis, sodium carbonate-phenol solution can react with persimmon tannin with the color change. Compared with methanol method, the contents of tannin are close and have good relativity each other. Hence, the conclusion can be drawn that the sodium carbonate - phenol method determining persimmon tannin抯 content is feasible, catechin can be used as standard substance in this method, the measuring wavelength is 420nm.


SA312 type 304LN stainless steel material, having closer control over impurities and inclusion content, is the intended piping material in the Advanced Heavy Water Reactors. Deformation, fatigue and fracture behaviour of this material and its weldments have been characterized at ambient temperature and at 558K. The details of the fractographic investigations and stretch zone width measurements are also discussed. The base metals shows high initiation toughness (>500 kJ/m2 ) and large tearing modulus at ambient and operating temperatures. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) weld metal shows much much reduced initiation toughness and tearing resistance in comparison to base metal and Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) welds. This is attributed to larger density of second phase inclusions in the SMAW weld metal. SZW measurements give a good alternate estimate of the toughness of the materials. Fatigue crack growth rate in SMAW weld metal was found to be comparable to base metal at higher load ratios.Copyright © 2006 by ASME


Team work, certainly an important form of group activity, consists in action by each member of a group upon the same object and toward the same objective goal. Adequately conceived, the individual's behavior does not terminate in his muscular contractions but includes the objective results accomplished, which are determined by constraining factors in the environment as well as by the individual's muscular activity. The individual becomes adjusted to the objective situation and works toward an objective result, and the members of a team are adjusted to the same situation and work toward the same result. Thus the individual participates in group activity, as he also participates in other environmental happenings such as the motion of a swing. Instead of participationhe may offer resistance to environmental forces. Participation, then, is not forced on the individual but grows out of his fundamental objectivity of outlook and effort. The root of group activity is the individual's tendency to participate.


Dentists experience stressful situations every day, and have to deal with these in a very professional manner. The dentists participated were told about the hazard and ill-effect of alcohol consumption. There need to be a reduction in consumption of alcohol in dentistry for the upliftment of general masses as well as the dentist. Alcohol consumption has widely increased through out the world now-a-days. This all is due to a stressful life style and emotional load on a person. It is believed that in all professions, there are unique problems and problematic circumstances facing the people who are involved. Dentistry is not excluded from this phenomenon.


The device of diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorder were introduction, its kinds, monitoring items and its good points and shortpoints were assessment for clinical application reference.


In the mononuclear title complex, [Ag(NO3)(3-PyOH)2] (3-PyOH = 3-hydroxypyridine, C5H5NO), the AgI atom shows a linear geometry defined by two N atoms of the 3-PyOH ligands, and the NO3− anion interacts with the AgI atom in a chelating mode through very weak Ag⋯O bonds. A three-dimensional supramolecular framework is formed by both hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions.


In 2016, the Hurwitz metric was introduced by D. Minda in arbitrary proper subdomains of the complex plane and he proved that this metric coincides with the Poincare's hyperbolic metric when the domains are simply connected. In this paper, we provide an alternate definition of the Hurwitz metric through which we could define a generalized Hurwitz metric in arbitrary subdomains of the complex plane. This paper mainly highlights various important properties of the Hurwitz metric and the generalized metric including the situations where they coincide with each other.


Introduction This paper investigates the social relationships between Anglican clergy and elementary school teachers in the second half of the nineteenth century, a topic not before researched in detail. The study is particularly apposite when one remembers the close proximity in which the two 'professions' worked, particularly in the rural areas. The schools of the Church of England dominated the country with over 12,000 institutions by mid-century. P. Gordon has described the widespread dominance of local clergymen as elementary school managers in this period and J.T. Smith shows the variety of ways in which the clergy supported schools, as managers, providers of finance, attendance officers and purveyors of punishment. As has been shown by a number of writers, there was significant upward social movement in the second half of Victoria's reign in the status of the schoolteacher. A. Tropp, P. Gosden and others have described the gradual development of a teaching profession in this period, through the greater training, better remuneration and the creation of professional bodies. More recently, W.E. Marsden has shown, in a study of three generations of a Welsh teaching family, how the opportunities for advancement widened during the nineteenth century. The grandson of this family was able to advance in status with appointments to secondary schools and in school board administration. D.A. Coppock has also described the social mobility of Birmingham


Principles of sequential and supplementary tests for an increased frequency of a sentinel phenotype are illustrated by Australian and Swedish data on Down's syndrome. Sequential analysis offers substantial advantages over fixed sample size theory for monitoring teratogenic and other noxious agents.


Being the modern service industry with the dense talent intelligence,the service contract industry is a new growth point in the economic development of our country.The development of the industry can also greatly promote the growth of the service economy as well.The Yangtze River delta area is the main engine of the economical development in China.The area has the superiority of the comprehensive environment,vigorous requirement and dense intelligence,but faces the great challenges in the policy,law,labor cost and the competition abroad as well as competition from the foreign capital.So the governments of the city groups in this area should further convert their functions to create favorable conditions for the international industry,to determine the latest and suitable stratagem and select the developing fields carefully,to breed the global trade-marks with the powerful competitive ability by over all planning,so as to promote the overall rapid development of the service contract industry in the Yangtze River Delta Area.


We previously reported the cytotoxic negative regulatory molecule, Cho‐1, that was expressed on the cell surface of rat fetal fibroblast cells in the cytotoxicity by natural killer (NK) cells. This molecule was IFN‐γ‐inducible, but appeared to be different from MHC class I. It was expressed on NK‐resistant cells but not on NK‐sensitive murine target cells such as YAC‐1. In this paper, first we determined whether Cho‐1 could also act as the negative regulatory molecule in a human NK‐resistant HEPM line. Our data strongly suggested that Cho‐1 could act as such a negative regulatory molecule in human NK cytotoxicity. The immunoprecipitates made with HEPM cell lysate and anti‐MHC class I monoclonal antibody (mAb) did not react against anti‐Cho‐1 mAb, indicating that Cho‐1 was different from MHC class I. Second, an assessment was made as to whether or not this molecule is involved in the cytotoxicity of CD8 (+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against human autologous tumor cells. The data indicated that although this cell surface molecule was expressed on certain tumor lines, it was not involved in the cytotoxic mechanism of CTL. Thus, Cho‐1 appeared to be the novel regulatory molecule in the NK cytotoxic mechanism.


The contents of zinc, chromium, cadmium, nickel, lead and copper were measured on both surface sediments and core sediments in the Shenzhen Bay. The average contents of these metals showed that the contents of all the metals have exceeded the background values in the coastal zone of Guangdong Province. cadmium is a heavy pollution matter which indicates a strong pollution level according to the ecological risk coefficient method. The ecological risk index of the whole area is 299 which belongs to middle and strong level. The area with strong pollution level is the nearshore area closing to the inside of Shenzhen Bay, Shakou coast is in the middle level while the weak pollution level occurs in the Shenzhen Estuary according to the ecological risk index. The four sediment cores can be divided into two parts based on lead-210 dating, sediment size analysis and economic development period in surrounding areas with a boundary of 1950. It has been a period with continuous increase of heavy metals since 1950 with strong human intervention. The sediment size, deposition rate and human activities have positive relationship with the contents of heavy metals which directly impact the pollution level of heavy metals in sediments of the Shenzhen Bay.


There has been significant interest in the notion that optimal use of the workforce can lead to competitive advantage (Barney, 1991), even to the point that the Baldrige National Performance Award ...


This paper contributes to the vibrant debate on the cognitive foundations of organizational capabilities. Existing research predominantly highlights the important interplay between managerial cogni...


In this paper we introduce the notion of generalized Gavr\`uta stability of functional equations in order to study, in the framework of a nonquasianalytic Carleman class, the stability of a class of cohomological equations.