This note shows that a public pension system with a fairly general individual tax-benefit linkage is (computationally) equivalent to a system without linkages. The "equivalent" pension system without linkages not only facilitates simulations of policy experiments but also offers some insight into the implied tax structure of the tax-benefit linkage. It is shown that implicit tax rates may differ considerably across age groups even if the statutory tax rate is constant over the life-cycle.


The article proposes 2wt. % of Aluminum, Indium, and Gallium doped ZnO thin film samples for ammonia gas sensors. Using a wet chemical approach, samples of ZnO and Aluminum, Indium,...


Within the framework of the color flux-tube model with a multibody confinement potential, we systematically investigate the hidden charmed states observed in recent years. It can be found that most of them can be described as the compact tetraquark states $[cq][\overline{c}\overline{q}]$ ($q=u$, $d$ and $s$) in the color flux-tube model. The multibody confinement potential based on the color flux-tube picture is a dynamical mechanism in the formation and decay of the compact tetraquark states.


In Indonesia, the use of only English as a medium of instruction in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classroom is highly demanded. The present study investigates how code-switching is perceived by High School teachers in Kupang city, East Nusa Tenggara province, Indonesia, in teaching English. Specifically, it aims to find out the teachers' beliefs and perceptions towards the use of Indonesian language (L1) as their pedagogical instrument in teaching English in EFL classrooms. To achieve that goal, 40 EFL teachers were asked to give their responses to a 24-item of questionnaire which focused on teachers' roles and beliefs of code-switching applied in the EFL classroom. After analyzing the data, it was found that the teachers applied code-switching to serve pedagogical aims and to facilitate the EFL teaching and learning process. As a result, they used code-switching when explaining difficult words, encourage students' participation and managing and organizing the classroom. Another finding was that, the teachers also believed that, the advantages in applying code-switching exaggerated the disadvantages in ELF classroom.


This report is based on a hasty examination of the Conconully and Ruby mining districts, in Okanogan County, Wash., made during two weeks in June, 1915. In the short time available for the work detailed geologic mapping of the complex rock formations was impossible. The districts are included in the Okanogan and Chopaka quadrangles, which have been topographically mapped by the United States Geological Survey. The maps of these quadrangles form the base for the map of the districts given herewith (PL I), on which the locations of mines and prospects are shown and the contact between the granite and metamorphosed rocks is indicated for a distance of 10 miles. The writer expresses his thanks to the members of the Conconully Miners' Association for data and assistance in the field, and to Prof. Francis A. Thomson, of the State College of Washington, who has furnished a preliminary report on the metallurgic treatment of the ores which is largely incorporated in this paper. Data on the Arlington mine were kindly supplied by Mr. H. S. Stoolfire, of Spokane, Wash. PUBLICATIONS.


icann's decision to liberalize the market for Internet Generic Top-Level Domain Names has been giving rise to many concerns, related in particular to the registration of health-related strings, which may favour fraud and the dissemination of misleading health information. However, a very sophisticated mechanism has been put into place by icann, intended to prevent the registration of strings which face opposition from a significant portion of the community they purportedly aim to serve, or which are contrary to generally accepted principles related to morality and public order. Tailored after the model of commercial arbitration, icann rules of procedure are noteworthy in that they give standing to all interested Internet users and to an Independent Objector. Though underlining some of its procedural deficiencies, this article emphasizes the importance of the icann mechanism in the "constitutionalization" of the Internet. It also discusses the contribution of icann expert panels to international human rights discourse, as illustrated by the expert panel determinations walking the tightrope between freedom of expression and the right to health.


In Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand, the cultural diversity project has its roots in the multiculturalism and biculturalism of the 1970s, the political and civil, ethnic unrest experienced in the 1980s, and the pedagogical shift in the 1990s that saw a rejection of the more traditional museum and its historical commitment toward an array of singular or non-compromising representations of identity. Connected to a movement toward a new, possibly hybrid, and definitely transcultural globalization that has been driven by an increased understanding of the interplays between nation and region, the past 10 years have been especially important in regard to recentralizing identity politics; and where, on the one hand, we have seen debate over the interrelationships governing culture, politics, sovereignty and the museum, there has also been a concurrent shift in cultural policy to embrace localized models and examples of the cultural centre or eco-museum. In this article, I consider the ways that the National Museum of Australia (2001) and the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa (1998) have attempted at some level to both maintain the representational authority of multiculturalism and biculturalism as their respective governing policies, and yet also integrate or facilitate the potentially competing concept of globalization that is projected by the UNESCO Universal Declaration on Cultural Diversity(2001).


The USB interface is used widely,but it is used only between PC and other USB devices.A AT89C52-based system is proposed in the paper to make the USB devices to communicate with each other.


Dear Editor, Unlike in other acute myeloid leukemias (AMLs), in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), bleeding is the most common cause of early death. Thus, prompt treatment of patients with APL is necessary, and a presumptive APL diagnosis should be made, with immediate administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), which induces promyelocyte differentiation and can thus prevent coagulopathy, lowering mortality rate [1]. Faggot cells are immature cells with Auer rod bundles in the cytoplasm, characteristic of APL but have rarely been found in other AML types, including myelodysplastic syndrome [2-6]. We report an AML case presenting with several faggot cells in the bone marrow, which had caused a prompt ATRA treatment but was later diagnosed as concurrent AML with inv(16)(p13.1q22). The Institutional Review Board of Soonchunhyang University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, approved this study (IRB File No. 2020-05-020). In January 2020, a 65-year-old woman complaining of sudden abdominal pain and diarrhea, was admitted to Soonchunhyang University Hospital. Initial complete blood counts were: Hb, 64 g/L (120–160 g/L); platelet count, 43×10/L (130–450×10/L); and white blood cell count (WBC), 7.4×10/L (4.0–10.0×10/L). Coagulation test results were within normal range, except for the slightly prolonged prothrombin time at 12.4 sec (9.3–11.6 seconds). The peripheral blood smear showed 9% blasts based on all WBCs and bone marrow aspirate smear revealed 45.9% blasts, including 20.6% promonocytes, which have a morphologic picture resembling promyelocytes, based on ANCs. A variety of faggot cells (Fig. 1A, 1B, and 1C) were observed, with occasional observation of abnormal eosinophils. Most blasts were found to be positive for both myeloperoxidase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase on cytochemical staining. Flow cytometric analysis (Navios EX Flow Cytometer and Kaluza Analysis Software, Beckman Coulter, Inc., Miami, FL, USA) demonstrated the presence of blasts expressing CD34, CD13, CD38, CD117, and HLA-DR and CD56 as an aberrant marker, consistent with AML, and being negative for CD11c, CD14, and CD64. Given the possibility of APL based on morphological diagnosis, ATRA was administered to the patient. The next day, however, sequential FISH (CBFB/MYH11Translocation, dual fusion probe, designed by Cytocell, Cambridge, UK and Metafer/Zeiss system, Metasystems, Altlussheim, Germany) and reverse-transcription PCR (GeneAmp PCR System 9700, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) revealed CBFB-MYH11 rearrangement (Fig. 1D) in the absence of PML-RARA rearrangement. Hence, ATRA was discontinued. Cytogenetic analysis revealed 47,XX,inv(16)(p13.1q22),+22 [17]/46,XX[3] (Fig. 1E). The p.Asp816His variant in KIT represented 32.0% of the total depth in targeted next-generation sequencing (Customized panel, designed by Celemics, Inc., Seoul,


In this paper a dynamic bargaining model of intrafamily time allocation is presented with divorce as the threat point. Rational behavior leads to overinvestment in human capital and inefficient time allocation regarding housework and market work the latter of which is also supplied as an insurance against the risk of divorce. For married women in the German Socio-Economic Panel labor supply is estimated: A duration model on marital stability is performed to obtain predicted divorce probabilities. Then instrumental-variable estimation of female labor supply is performed with fitted wages and fitted threat points weighted by the individual probability of divorce. The empirical results support the bargaining argument of a strategic aspect to female labor supply.


Eighteen human intestinal microbial strains were tested for the presence of cytochrome P450, an enzyme involved in detoxifying and toxifying various xenobiotics. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was used to amplify conserved regions within the gene. From the human intestinal micro ora Eubacterium aerofaciens , a DNA fragment of the expected size could be ampli. ed, for which a percentage homology of 20% was determined. Southern blot analysis, using Pseudomonas putida P450 CAM probes, showed reactions with probes at 45 and 55°C. The carbon monoxide (CO) difference spectrum produced a P450-like pro. le for E. aerofaciens , similar to P. putida P450 CAM. The presence of cytochrome P450 in human intestinal  ora may in uence the expression of hepatic cytochrome P450s. Keywords : human intestinal  ora, cytochrome P450, PCR, CO difference spectrum.


The integration of urban and rural education is the combination of urban and rural education that is the process of overall planning,mutual integration,mutual promotion and mutual development.Current rural education problems become the barriers to implement of the integration of urban and rural education.It is suggested that new education management system be established,publish education financial system be promoted,education investment be increased,urban and rural educational resources be combined,so as to enhance integration of urban and rural education in China.


Circulating fluidized bed ( CFB) technology in Dongfang Boiler Corporation, and the characteristics on technology and design, and achievements on work are introduced herein.


A case of Sézary syndrome is presented. Coincident with topical treatment by nitrogen mustard, an enormous rise in circulating Sézary cells was seen in the peripheral blood. The possibility of this rise as a result of the topical treatment is discussed as a possible danger in topical therapy for individuals with Sézary syndrome.


In extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, defocusing influences on a pattern position shift due to off-axis incident light on a reflective mask. The pattern position shift with defocusing generates a newly random error source of overlay. Analyzing an exposure and defocus window (ED-window) being merged with a distribution of the pattern position shift reveals that the new error source creates a small impact for the criterion within 10% of the overlay tolerance. Next, 3rd order coma aberration and two modified illumination sources, annular and dipole, are investigated with respect to a pattern position shift which is associated with the asymmetrical phase distribution of diffracted rays. The results show that coma aberrations create no significant impact, and also the modified illumination sources are of little concern whenever semi-dense pitches are forbidden.


Higher education students' are in the late adolescent period. In this period they must accomplish some developmental tasks specifically regarding education and working issues. As last term students in their career exploration stage, they have to focus on working issues, thus they need career maturity. This research aims to describe career maturity of last term students of "X" University by using quantitative research method. The instrument of this research was Career Maturity Inventory (CMI) Field data was collected from 118 last term students. The result showed that 51% students were in very low career maturity, 10% were in low career maturity, 66.9% were in moderate career maturity, and 17.8%  were in high career maturity. Some additional results revealed, there were differences of career maturity between students who have working experiences and do not have working experiences (sig 0.060 > 0.05). There were no differences of career maturity based on gender (0.233> 0.05). From the content analysis of open-ended questionnaire results showed the meaning of career for students were: determine future, occupation, and success symbol. Some students did career planning such as studying, getting working experiences, and finding job information. Problems they feel in career planning like do not have working experiences, feel confused to choose, and financial capital for making business. They also mentioned their own strengths were competency, skills, attitude and working experiences. Some weaknesses they feel such as lack of competency and skills, having lack of working attitude, and lack of self confidence. In sum, last term students' exhibited moderate to high career maturity. Working experiences and evaluation of strengths may predict students' career maturity. Keywords: Career maturity, last term students, career exploration, working


Part 1. Commodities, Markets and Capital 1. Social Relations Underpinning Commodity Markets 2. Commodities and Gifts Part 2. Money and Credit 3. Money's Monopoly over the Ability to Buy 4. The Social Content of Credit Relations Part 3. Theoretical Approaches to the Social Relations Sustaining Markets and Money 5. Social Norms and Institutions in the Capitalist Economy 6. The Emergence and Functioning of Money 7. Money as Unit of Account and Means of Exchange in a Socialist Economy


Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value and clinical application of multi-slice spiral CT angiography(CTA) in aortic dissection.Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with aortic dissection having undergone multi-slice spiral CT angiography were studied retrospectively.The volume data were transferred to the workstation for image post processing by performing multiplanar reconstruction(MPR),volume rendering(VR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP).All images were diagnosed by two experienced associate chief physicians of radiology.Results The true lumens,false lumens,the dissection membranes and tear crevices were showed definitely in all the 35 cases.Twelve cases were typeⅠ,3 were type Ⅱ,20 were type Ⅲ.Among them,the lesion involved left subclavian artery in 5 patients,left common carotid artery and innominate artery in 2,celiac trunk in 3,superior mesenteric artery in 4,left renal artery in 3,right renal artery in 2,right common iliac artery in 6,left common iliac artery in 8,bilateral common iliac artery in 4,combined aneurysm in 3,and intramural hematoma in 4.Single or multiple crevasses were showed in all cases.Conclusion Multislice spiral CT angiography and comprehensive post-processing techniques can diagnose aortic dissection quickly,and can provide significant information for clinical therapeutic schedule.


The members of the Committee appointed to examine the thesis of Rathilall Sewsunker find it satisfactory and recommend that it be accepted. Chair ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor, Professor T.R. Fischer, for his guidance and assistance during my study. He is an excellent teacher and mentor, and has patiently guided me through the graduate program. Sincere appreciation also goes to Dr B. Belzer, Dr K. Sivakumar and Professor C. Hsu, both for their well-taught classes as well as their assistance in serving on my committee. Thanks to Ruby Young for all her wonderful help. I would like to thank the School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science for the education that I have received. Thanks to my sponsor, the Africa-America Institute for providing me with a full scholarship and for their caring attitude during my study program. Particular thanks for that goes to Marks Chabedi, my Program Officer. Thanks to my employer, the University of Durban-Westville, for allowing me study leave, and especially to the Head of Electrical Engineering, Professor S. H. Mneney for his help and support. Brian Banister has helped tremendously practically from my first semester at Wash-ington State University through until the end. Brian's selfless disposition of helping and teaching will always be admired. Thanks to Esteban Rodriguez-Marek, and Ping Hou for their enthusiastic help with course-work and research alike. Thanks to my office-mate, Runar Solli, for his help and his jovial company. Thanks to my Mum and my family in South Africa for their encouragement and support, iii and especially to Kennybhai and Jaybhai, who took care of all kinds of responsibilities, not excluding sending money whenever I needed it! iv IMPROVED ENHANCEMENT LAYER VIDEO CODING Abstract Scalability techniques are increasingly applied to video coding to alleviate transmission problems such as restricted bandwidth, network congestion and data loss. Being layered, scalable video offers the receiver a choice of bit-streams based on resources and needs. The thesis focuses on SNR scalability. The conventional method for SNR scalability provides a base layer description using coarse quantization, then encodes the refinement information using a smaller step size. For the case of a two-level encoder, the refinement information is simply a difference between the original data and the base layer description. This work illustrates that picture quality can be improved by encoding the enhancement information based on the value returned by the base layer quantizer, rather …


Consignment sales made by companies or parties who have also called pengamanat goods (consignor), which means the party who submitted the goods with parties who have a place or sales agents, usually called by the commissioner (consignee, factor, Commission Merchant). Consignment sales are conducted in a manner of goods from the company entrusted to the agent for the sale but the property consigned goods will be transferred to pengamanat if the commissioner has been able to sell these goods to pengamanat if the commissioner has been able to sell such goods to third parties and the commissioner receives the form of commission income. Denis pharmacy sales system using the method of recording consignment sales are not separated from regular sales. With the recording method is not separate, profit between consignment sales with regular sales can not clearly known. In presenting the income statement using the method of recording separate and not separate, but the company because the company uses a separate method of consignment sales and regular sales will be seen clearly the difference.


Particulate matter emissions (PM) from biomass combustion are a concern due to adverse effects on human health and climate. Since any batch-wise operated biomass combustion facility is a highly dynamic system, time resolution is paramount to gain a deeper knowledge on the formation mechanisms and emission characteristics. The Soot Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (SP-AMS; Onasch et al. 2012) is a useful tool allowing timeand size resolved measurements of the aerosol chemical composition including both nonrefractory components and Black Carbon (BC) cores. Another important parameter is the light absorption properties of biomass emissions, including BC, brown carbon (BrC) and the potential increases in absorption or bleaching of OA upon aging in the atmosphere. The aim was to determine the time resolved emissions of black carbon (BC) and co-emitted pollutants, and simulate atmospheric processing of the emissions. A conventional wood stove was operated batchwise at three different burn rates (nominal, high and very high burn rate). For each case, diluted samples from 3-5 consecutive batches were investigated using a SP-AMS operated in the dual vaporiser mode, a 7-λ Aethalometer and a flue gas analyser. Recorded emissions are quantified in terms of mg/MJ or released mg per combustion phase using the oxygen consumption method (Eriksson et al. 2014). The final batch or a selected combustion phase from that batch was diluted and transferred to a 16 m stainless steel chamber down to 10-30 μg/m. Samples from the chamber were passed either directly to the SP-AMS and Aethalometer or through a potential aerosol mass (PAM) flow tube inducing high (UV induced) oxidant concentrations. Time resolved emissions were investigated for a set of target pollutants that are of importance for effects on health and climate. An example for a high burn rate experiment is given in Fig.1. It can be seen that the organic emissions during a cycle were dominated by a variable burst occurring during a few minutes after fuel addition, presumably before the vapours emitted from the heating logs ignited. PAHs and refractory BC (rBC) emissions both showed increased emissions at higher burn rates increasing with reduced flue gas excess oxygen concentration. Figure 1. Time resolved emissions of Organic Aerosol, rBC and PAHs during a combustion cycle at very high burn rate. The arrow marks addition of fuel.


Along with the development and maturation of urban design theory,people gradually realize that urban design is a characteristic of environment,policies and even society evolution,so they rectify and develop the aim of urban design,from the attention of specified construction "results" to a control of leading of urban evolution.Consequently,they reveal that the essence of urban design is a process of decision-making.On this concept level,this paper is to realize the essential characteristic of the "Process of Urban Design" Theory by means of the philosophy interpretation on the Processes Theories of Natural Dialectics;it is also to reveal the producing mechanism of the "Process of Urban Design" by means of the researching reflection of systematic urban planning theory and rational processes theory;This paper studies on the types and characteristics in both broad sense and narrow sense in order to establish a basis for the process valuation studying urban design in the further.


Dry skin is one of the problematic skins that causes a lack of self-confidence, dry skin is caused by exposure to direct sunlight and low water content in the skin. Dry skin can be prevented with care from the outside and from the inside. Traditional masks are cosmetics that function to increase blood circulation to the skin and provide moisture to the skin. Red dragon fruit peel has benefits in providing moisture and contains antioxidants that are good for the skin and are not widely known to the public. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of traditional red dragon fruit peel masks for dry facial skin care in terms of chemical content, texture, aroma, adhesion, and panellist preferences. This research is experimental research with a quantitative description design. The research instruments are laboratory tests, organoleptic tests, and hedonic tests. Collecting data using the method of documentation and questionnaires compiled with a Likert scale. Descriptive data analysis percentage to determine the feasibility of traditional red dragon fruit peel masks seen from the texture, aroma, stickiness, and preference of the panellists. The results of the laboratory test showed that the content of vitamin A was 1.95 gr/100 gr and Vitamin C was 0.66 gr/100 gr. The results of the organoleptic test were 71,42% fine textured, 42.85% had a very distinctive aroma of red dragon fruit peel, 42.85% was sticky, and 57.14% was favoured by the panellists.


Functional food is considered similar or the same as conventional food that is consumed as part of a regular diet and is shown to have specific physiologic advantages that can reduce risk of chronic diseases. Generally, products put in that group are the ones that are scientifically proven to improve health and prevent diseases. When considering fruit juices as functional products, it is important to emphasize that their primary function is not to relieve one of thirst, but to enhance health and sports activities (in case of isotonic, dietary and energy drinks), and also indicate lifestyle.
The research tried to cover this insufficiently researched territory. The focus of the research is functional food, with an emphasis on fruit juices, an area with very few empirical researches, especially when accepting new products through the influence of packaging. Branding and packaging attract the consumers' attention, identify a product, create interest, generate the product`s psychological connotation and specify valuable product characteristics. If packaging is attractive enough to attract consumers' attention, it is very likely that consumers will try the product.
The goal of this research is to find out how great of a role functional fruit juice packaging has on consumers when making a purchasing decision.


We investigate the relationship between slope aspect, subsurface hydrology, and critical zone (CZ) structure in a montane watershed by examining the orientations of foliation and fracturing and thicknesses of weathered material on north- and south-facing aspects. Weathering models predict that north-facing slopes will have thicker and more porous saprolite due to colder, wetter conditions, which exacerbate frost damage and weathering along open fractures. Using borehole imaging and seismic refraction, we compare the seismic velocity and anisotropy of north- and south-facing slopes with the orientation of fracturing. Fracturing occurs in the same dominant orientations across slopes, but the north-facing slope has more developed and slightly thicker soil as predicted, while the south-facing slope has thicker and more intact saprolite that is highly anisotropic in the direction of fracturing. Our data support hypotheses that subsurface flow is matrix-driven on north-facing slopes and preferential on south-facing slopes. We attribute thicker saprolite on south-facing slopes to heterogeneity induced by competition between infiltration, topographic stress, and permafrost during Pleistocene glaciation. We provide new constraints on subsurface architecture to inform future models of CZ evolution.


In this note we examine how changes in foreign exchange reserves and money supply are interrelated in the economy. We seek to demonstrate that even though foreign exchange reserve purchasing by a central bank has no direct effect on the dynamics of money supply or credit as long as an efficient bank liquidity management mechanism is in place, its indirect effects may be substantial. They are reflected in changes in the balance of payments (an increase in current account surplus and (or) an inflow of capital into the non-banking sector) and an increase in risk taking in the banking sector. That said, money supply does not expand if foreign exchange reserve accumulation is accompanied by the comparable increase of sovereign wealth funds, e.g. as part of a formal fiscal rule. On the other hand, sovereign wealth fund spending stimulates money supply growth only if it is not accompanied by a commensurate decrease in foreign exchange reserves. The Bank of Russia has been actively accumulating foreign exchange reserves over the past few decades. Analyses of the implications of those steps are often limited to reviewing the effect of changes in the supply of bank reserves in the interbank market. Indeed, this effect may be important in terms of managing liquidity or short-term interest rates. Yet in this note we examine the implications of foreign exchange reserve accumulation by a central bank in a broader sense, and analyse the changes it causes in the banking system balance sheet and the balance of payments.


Purpose
Business consortiums for temporary projects have limited time and less attention from individual organisations concerning leadership alignment. Recognising the need to study relationships in alliances, this study aims to identify the fundamental organisational beliefs perceived by the leaders in a construction business consortium and relate them to the companies' belief system as conceptualised by Simons.

Design/methodology/approach
The research adopts a positivist qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews, literature review and document analysis through a case study in a temporary business consortium formed by three large construction companies.

Findings
It was possible to verify alignment between the beliefs of the consortium and its leadership and infer that the flow of beliefs can be affected by the duration of the project. The research underlines the importance of the belief system within an organisation and how differences can cause internal conflicts, whilst alignment can improve competitiveness. The authors concluded that conflicts emerge due to a lack of alignment regarding the business' core beliefs and the presence of different cultures and the duration of the project. Also, it was possible to create two different propositions for future studies regarding the project timeframe and improve competitiveness with the alignment of beliefs.

Social implications
Whilst there is academic literature that identifies challenges in successful project execution attributed to the misalignment of teams at a cultural level, organisations today still largely neglect the importance of team alignment. A better understanding of beliefs across organisations could have significant impact on social aspects resulting in improvements concerning projects timescales and quality of deliverables.

Originality/value
The main contribution is to explain how beliefs flow from individual parties to a temporary business consortium. This research addresses the lack of empirical studies relating to the alignment of temporary projects whilst providing recommendations to inform future research.


We compared androgen and gonadotropin values in HIV‐infected men who did and did not develop lipoatrophy on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART).


"Part I: The nature of the European Union and of Community law. The birth and growth of the European Community. The concept and status of the European Communities and of the European Union. External relations. The nature and challenge of Community law. Sources of Community law. Part II: The law of the institutions. The European Council. The European Parliament. The Commission. The Council of the European Union. The court of auditors and budgetary procedure. Ancillary Community institutions. The Court of Justice and the Court of First Instance. Part III: The relationship between Community law and the municipal law of the member states. Implementation of Community law in the legal systems of the member states. Enforcement of Community law. Community law in the United Kingdom. Part IV: The law of the economy - concept and scope. EC trade law: external market. The free movement of goods within the customs union. The free movements of workers. The right of establishment. Freedom to provide services. Social security. Freedom of movement of capital and payments. Part V: The law of the economy: Community policies. Economic and monetary union. Common Agricultural and Fisheries Policies. Common Transport Policy. Competition: general principles. Competition: practices contrary to Article 81 (ex Article 85). Competition: abuse of a dominant position and mergers. State aid. Intellectual property rights. Social policy. The Policy for the Environment, Consumer protection. Education and culture. Miscellaneous policies. Appendix: The Treaty of Nice. Index"


Currently adopted methods of load capacity assessment of RC flat slab bridges, as used by road authorities in Australia, are conservative and often result in a significant underestimate of this capacity. The University of Melbourne has suggested a tiered approach towards the load capacity assessment of RC flat slab bridges that reduces/eliminates the conservatism, thereby providing a more realistic assessment of load capacity. Higher tiers of the approach capitalise on more realistic modelling of material behaviour, deck stiffness and the contributions made by kerb beams (where applicable), for determining section capacity, in combination with plastic collapse investigations for establishing the ultimate limit state. As a result of applying these techniques, a significant proportion of Victoria's flat slab bridge stock has now been able to be re-rated as "acceptable" for current legal vehicles. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD E204289.


It may seem preposterous to write about the effects of the economic sanctions currently in effect against Rhodesia since the process is not yet completed: we do not know how it will all end, and primary source material of a crucial nature is not yet available. But the purpose of this article is more in the direction of a general theory, using the case of Rhodesia as a source of examples and illustrations. The material on Rhodesia included here consists of some secondary sources, such as books and articles, and some primary sources, such as documents and other printed material; but the basic sources are mainly personal observation and a number of informal interviews with Rhodesian citizens (mostly businessmen) and with citizens of other African countries (mostly politicians), all dating from January 1966, about two months after UDI.


Clopidogrel plays a significant role in the prevention of thrombotic events in patients with acute coronary syndrome,but a substantial number of patients demonstrate no response or low response to the drug,which is regarded as the phenomenon of drug resistance. Clopidpgrel- resistance patients have higher platelet aggregation and more frequency to suffer from adverse cardiovascular events than the others. The mechanism of the reaction and resistance of clopidogrel,measurement of clopidogrel resistance together with the treatment strategy are compeahended in this article.


Do strong demographic faultlines breed opinion polarization in work teams? We integrate two theories that have been used to explain faultline effects. The first, the approach of Lau and Murnighan [Lau DC, Murnighan JK 1998 Demographic diversity and faultlines: The compositional dynamics of organizational groups. Acad. Management Rev. 232:325–340], suggests that in teams with strong faultlines the mechanisms of homophilous selection of interaction partners and persuasive influence cause subgroup polarization, defined as the split of the team into subgroups holding opposing opinions. The second, from sociological and anthropological traditions, emphasizes that crisscrossing actors bridge faultlines because they share demographic attributes with several subgroups. Demographically crisscrossing actors help to prevent polarization in social groups. We argue that Lau and Murnighan's theory implicitly factors in the effects of crisscrossing actors. However, we show that the authors overlooked crucial implications of their theory because they did not consider crisscrossing actors explicitly. Most importantly, we demonstrate that demographic crisscrossing implies that even teams with strong faultlines will overcome polarization in the long run, although they might suffer from it in the short term. We develop and analyze a formal computational model of the opinion and network dynamics in work teams to show the consistency of our reasoning with Lau and Murnighans' theory. The model also revealed another counterintuitive effect: strong faultlines lead to structures of interaction that make teams with strong faultlines faster in arriving at a stable consensus than teams with weak faultlines.


In structure of ginaecological diseases chronic the non-specific salpingoo ophorities forms 38-70%, causing in 35-68% events is ballyhooed-peritoneal sterility, in 28-43% a plank bed-sewing the processes to ovulations


INTEREST in autoimmunity as a factor in the pathogenesis of disease has been stimulated by observations on thyroiditis. Thyroiditis has been produced experimentally in rabbits, guinea pigs and dogs by injection of rabbit thyroid extract,1 , 2 and circulating antibodies have been demonstrated in patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis.3 Discovery of circulating antithyroid antibodies in patients with myxedema has suggested an autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of such thyroid deficiency.4 Passive transfer of antithyroid antibodies from the mother to the fetus, with resultant damage to the fetal thyroid gland, has been postulated as an explanation for some cases of cretinism.5 , 6 However, circulating antithyroid . . .


Oftentimes we come across information that is organized as a tree structure. Visualization of large trees is challenging because of the limited space available on computer displays. In this work we explore 3D space as an alternative that intends to maximize the available space on the screen. We developed Den3D, an interactive web-based multi-user 3D environment that implements cone trees for the visualization and management of hierarchies in the domain of biological taxonomies. In addition to its visualization capabilities, a novel editing functionality was introduced for users to flexibly create and maintain their own taxonomies. Volume tests were performed to determine size limits for the deployment of hierarchies. Additionally, a user study with high school science and biology teachers was conducted to assess the potential of Den3D to support biodiversity education.


In 1977, Coifman and Weiss gave a proof of the VMO-H1 duality. We consider generalized Campanato spaces and atomic Hardy spaces with variable growth condition and give an extension of the duality to these spaces. We also apply this duality to the Riesz transforms.


The consequences on health and low life quality caused by the problem of water scarcity, as well as the interrelation between energy and water supply, call attention to water desalination by Freezing Melting (F/M), which is a well-known technique but unfortunately, not used for this application, which is considered the most sustainable, in terms of its lower energy demand compared with commercial desalination techniques (about 70% less than thermal desalination). However, it presents some problems regarding the saline trapping in the ice, therefore, in this work, an experimental analysis is carried out to achieve a better understanding of the saline displacement, using an aqueous solution of sodium chloride, frozen at different temperatures, and configurations containers, with a F/M progressive desalination. It has been found that, at a freezing temperature of 8oC, it is possible to purify up to an average of 78.12% of the frozen salt solution, obtaining an easy-to-separate brine.


Presentation of Case A sixty-one-year-old man was admitted to the hospital because of mental deterioration and tremor. The patient was well until approximately six weeks before entry, when dizzines...


Position based routing protocols have been a great deal of attention in vehicular ad hoc networks. The routing protocols are very efficient in high mobility ad hoc network since the path to a destination can be proactively determined by location information of neighbor and destination nodes. However, this causes the leakage of the private information of drivers, such as a vehicle identifier or location information of a vehicle. Hence, providing privacy of a user should be considered in the protocol. In this paper, we design a novel routing protocol, called SARC, which provides efficient path discovery and privacy protection in route discovery and data forwarding phase. To achieve this goal we present a street-based path calculation algorithm for route discovery, and define and analyze the identity, location, and route anonymity in our protocol.


D-xylose/glucose isomerases from two microbial isolatesa strain of Alcaligenes ruhlandii, and a new strain of Paenibacillus sp isolated from soil samples are described. The enzymes were purified to apparent homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose (Whatman DE52), ammonium sulphate fractionation, gel filtration on Sephacryl-S200 HR, phenyl-Superose hydrophobic interaction chromatography and a second gel filtration on Superose 6TM. The Paenibacillus enzyme had a purification factor of 6.74 and a yield of 18.69% while that of Alcaligenes ruhlandii had a purification factor of 10.11 and a yield of 13.53%. Both D-xylose/glucose isomerases were homotetramers with relative subunit molecular masses of 45,000 and 53,000 respectively as estimated by SDS-PAGE. The native molecular masses as determined by Superose 1 2 ' ~ gel chromatography were 181,000 for the Paenibacillus enzyme and 199,000 for that ofAlcaligenes ruhlanu'ji. Both enzymes showed requirements for divalent metal ions with the D-xylose/glucose isomerase from Paenihacillus sp showing highest activity with ~n~~ while that of Alcaligenes ruhlandii had preference for ~ g ~ ' . Both enzymes were also activated by co2' though to a lesser degree. CU" was inhibitoly lo both enzymes. Enzyme binding to metal ions showed biphasic characteristics as an indication for two non-identical binding sites per subunit. D-glucose was converted to D-fructose at a rate 2 3 fold slower than the rate for D-xylose isomerisation. D-xylitol and D-lyxose proved to be competitive inhibitors of both enzymes. The Paenihacillus enzyme had a pH optimum of 7 while that of Alcaligenes ruhlandii exhibited a pH


The churned galvanic corrosion test were designed to research the current velocity effect to 7A52-38CrSi corrosion current and voltage.The influence factors were determined that:the corrosion voltage and current of 7A52-38CrSi reduced when the corrosion medium current velocity was a certainty.2.5 m/s was a key dffect point to the corrosion velocity.As the result of SEM and energy spectrum,the decreased 7A52 surface passivation and restrained ploarization were the main cause to increase the corrosion in the churned galvanic corrosion.


The transport properties of p-type polycrystalline La2Cu1−xMxO4 (MCo and Mn) have been investigated in the high temperature domain above room temperature up to 973 K. The electrical resistivity of La2Cu1−xMxO4 undergoes a temperature driven semiconducting (insulating) to metallic transition at high temperature (∼750 K) and a doping induced metal to semiconductor transition at room temperature. The Arrhenius plot of the ln(ρ/T)∼1/T shows a conducting mechanism and in the La2Cu1−xMxO4 (M:Co and Mn) a transition temperature was found at around 750 K similar to what was observed in the La2−xRExCuO4 (RE: Pr, Nd and Y) system. We therefore suggest that in these doped ceramics the metal–insulator (semiconductor) transition at ∼750 K should be attributed to combined effects of a strong phonon scattering mechanism due to thermal activation, oxygen vacancies and structural disorders. Furthermore, a site-dependent influence of electrical resistivity in La2CuO4-based ceramics was distinguished by combining thermoelectric measurements and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The doping induced transition is then associated with large imperfections present in the CuO2 layer, consistent with a dominant role of the single CuO2 layer in the charge transport mechanism of La2CuO4-based materials.


Patient–generated dermatology quality of life scales (DQOLS) were developed to assess the impact of skin conditions on patients' psychosocial state and everyday activities. The items were derived from the self–reported impacts of their skin condition by 50 dermatology out–patients. The resulting 17 psychosocial items and 12 activities items were assigned five–point scales and self–completed by 118 out–patients. Factor analyses grouped the items into four psychosocial subscales (embarrassment, despair, irritableness, distress) and four activities subscales (everyday, summer, social, sexual). Tests of the psychometric properties indicated that the internal consistency of responses was high, with Cronbach's α coefficients of 0.92 for the 17 psychosocial items and 0.83 for the 12 activity items. Assessment of reliability based on 41 psoriasis patients attending phototherapy treatment identified good short–term test–retest reliability, with intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.84 for both the psychosocial and activities scales. Construct validity was confirmed by the ability of the scales to identify clinically expected differences and their greater sensitivity to the impacts of skin problems compared with a widely used generic health status measure. The DQOLS thus form a robust measure of patient–perceived impacts. They were quickly self–completed and provide information that complements traditional clinical indicators. These scales should assist in informing treatment decisions by identifying impacts of different skin conditions and variations in responses among social and cultural groups, as well as guiding priorities for services within the specialty.


Entrance education for freshmen is a university education for new starting point,the effectiveness of the entrance education directly affect college students' life and study.The high school history and overview,professional education can't satisfy "90s" college students the demand of diversification.This article through the questionnaire inquiry "90s" college students facing the main problem,analysis of the present situation and shortcomings of entrance education,and put forward the new entrance education model.The model can help students get used to university life and successfully finish college.


An important problem in electron optics is to determine how the electrons move in the space between given electrodes with given potentials. The numerical method of solving the problem is described. An advantage of the method is that it is also applicable to cases involving space charge. Owing to the considerable computation entailed, an electronic computer is indispensable. Among the subjects discussed are the derivation of a difference equation for the potential field and one for the electron trajectories, the iterative method, and the method of successive overrelaxation to accelerate convergence. It is explained how the potential fields and trajectories are computed using an IBM 650 machine. Two examples are given by way of illustration. (auth)


Background: Best predictor of successful extubation after mechanical ventilation is a matter of debate. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether the degree of diaphragm thickening and/or diaphragm displacement (DD) as measured by means of ultrasound during a weaning trial can predict extubation outcomes. Methods: Thirty patients who were planned for weaning after being intubated and mechanically ventilated were prospectively enrolled in the study between January and June 2015. The rapid-shallow breathing index (RSBI) was subsequently calculated, and diaphragmatic ultrasound was then carried out to assess DD and diaphragm thickening during tidal inspiration. The primary outcome was extubation success or failure. Results: Of the 30 patients included in the study, 15 were male. The mean age of patients was 59.17+13.17 years. The median duration of intubation before weaning was 4 days. There was a significant difference between mean inspiratory and expiratory diaphragmatic thickness (TDI) (t=9.66, P<0.001). An receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed for the end inspiratory TDI, end expiratory TDI, delta TDI, DD, and RSBI. The RSBI performed better than all other parameters, with an area under the curve of 0.968. A cut-off value of 73.5 had 87% sensitivity and 100% specificity for predicting extubation success. All other parameters had an area under the curve less than 0.7. (0.559, 0.624, 0.655, and 0.512 for end inspiratory TDI, end expiratory TDI, delta TDI, and diaphragmatic displacement, respectively). Conclusion: Sonographically measured TDI performed better than displacement in predicting value for weaning outcome. In a respiratory ICU, however, the RSBI seems to be a more reliable and accurate tool for the purpose and should be considered in every weaning protocol. Whether TDI can be evaluated using low-frequency ultrasound probes needs to be validated by further studies.


This text offers up-to-date and authoritative guidance on all aspects of corporate insolvency as the law stands in Scotland. The fourth edition takes account of developments in case law and legislation, including the Enterprise Bill and the impact of devolution and human rights.


This study aims to determine how big the influence of price perception, quality of
product, location, and social factors of the purchase decision on the Padang
Salero Bundo Restaurant Jakarta. And this research also aims to analyze the most
dominant factors that influence on purchase decisions on the Padang Salero
Bundo Restaurant Jakarta.
The population used in this study is consumers who ever or frequently to come on
the Padang Salero Bundo Restaurant Jakarta. The sample in this study are 100
respondens and the techniques used are non-probability sampling techniques with
the approach of accidental sampling (sampling based on chance). Analytical
methods used were quantitative analysis of multiple regression analysis. This
analysis includes : validity and reliability, the classic assumption test, multiple
regression analysis, hypothesis testing by t tes and F test, and analysis of
determination coefficient (R2).
From tihs analysis of the regression equation was obtained as follows,
Y = 0,262 X1 + 0,163 X2 + 0,404 X3 + 0,225 X4
The location accesibility variables have the most impact on purchasing decisions
for 0,404, followed by price perception variables amounting to 0,262, then the
power of social refrention variable amount to 0,225. While the quality of product
variables have an influence lowest compared to other variables for 0,163.
Hypothesis testing used t tests showing that the four independent variables are
price perception (X1), quality of product (X2), location accesibility (X3), and the
power of social referention (X4) which investigated proved positively and
significantly affect the dependent variable is the purchase decision (Y). Then
through the F test can be seen that the variables price perception, quality of
product, location, and social factors eligible to test the dependent purchasing
decisions. Adjusted R Square explained figures that 72,5% of purchase decisions
variation can be explained by the four independent varibles in multiple regression
equations. While the rest of 27,5% was explained by other variable outside of the
four variables used in this study


The literature on first-order false-belief is extensive, but less is known about the second-order case. The attainment of secondorder false-belief mastery seems to mark a cognitively significant stage, but what is its status? Is it an example of complexity only development, or does it indicate that a more fundamental conceptual change has taken place? In this paper we extend Braüner's hybrid-logical analysis of first-order falsebelief tasks (Braüner, 2014, 2015) to the second-order case, and argue that our analysis supports a version of the conceptual change position.


The article substantiates the role and place of educational practice (research work) in the system of professional training of bachelors of the direction of training «Pedagogical education». The analysis of modern scientific research related to the study of the problem of organization and implementation of educational practice of students, as well as research work of students in higher education is presented. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the necessity of studying the existing experience of organizing educational practice (research work) among students – future bachelors of pedagogical education is proved. The experience of organizing educational practice (research work) with this category of students at the Pedagogical Institute named after V.G. Belinsky Penza State University. The main idea of organizing practice is revealed – the formation of students' skills in research activities through their inclusion in group project activities, the final product of which was the development of a draft application for a grant. The content of activities at four stages of practical training is described: preparatory, introductory, main, final. The main attention is paid to the characterization of the content of the activity at the main stage, including the system of tasks for students. Criteria for evaluating the activities of students – future bachelors of pedagogical education in the course of educational practice (research work) are presented.


Fatigue life of asphalt mixes in laboratory tests is commonly determined by applying a haversine or sinusoidal load with a specific frequency. However, the frequency (time duration) and shape of horizontal tensile stress and strain pulses at the bottom the asphalt layer depend on pavement design (thickness and stiffness of layers) and loading specifications (speed and contact radius). The first objective of this paper is to introduce a novel function for a more realistic representation of 3D response (stress and strain pulses in longitudinal, transverse and vertical directions) at the bottom of the asphalt layer. The second objective is to establish a framework for determination of magnitude and shape of 3D response pulse at the bottom of the asphalt layer using artificial neural network. This framework enables designers to predict the shape and magnitude of stress and strain pulses in three directions based on some parameters related to pavement structure and loading specifications.


This research is based on the still high incidence of HIV-AIDS in Indonesia. Until now HIV-AIDS cases have been reported by 341 of 497 districts / cities in 33 provinces. In addition, Indonesia is one of the countries in Asia with the fastest growing HIV / AIDS epidemic. Based on the results of the Review of HIV / AIDS workshop, problems were found that 1) the institution was not optimal and the coordination was weak and institutional networks that deal with HIV / AIDS prevention and control, 2) lack of access to quality services, 3) lack of strategies and methods of communication, information and the right education (IEC) about HIV / AIDS. These factors have caused lack of knowledge about HIV-AIDS.This research has a long-term goal of developing social media as New Informative Media to increase knowledge about HIV-AIDS, so that efforts to increase the incidence of HIV-AIDS can be prevented, especially in adolescents. The method that will be used is action research.This method implemented in two stages. The first phase conducted research on the condition and level of understanding of teenager  about HIV-AIDS and the development of social media that can be delivered in an interesting and informative manner. Specific targets to be achieved in this first phase include: 1) knowing the description of youth knowledge about HIV-AIDS, 2) developing social media forms as an informative medium about HIV-AIDS.The second phase of this research will be the implementation to implement and test the application of the effectiveness of the use of social media in adolescents about HIV-AIDS information. The specific targets that are expected in this second phase include: 1) knowing the response of adolescents to social media as a new media tested, 2) analyzing the results of social media implementation trials, 3) compiling the final social media model about HIV-AIDS, 4) publishing the results of research into local scientific journals that have ISSN or accredited national scientific journals, 5) drafting teaching materials on social media. The results showed that as many as 45.5% of teenagers used the internet 2-3 days, with online duration of more than 4 hours (34.8%), most of the facilities used for internet access using mobile phones (85.2%), while Social media used by teenagers is instagram (25.5%), and whatsapp (23.4%). The type of information opened when the client is an article (35.9%), as well as video (31.3%). Youth knowledge about HIV-AIDS before informational exposure were good (50.2%) and there was an increase in knowledge by 37% using paired sample t test 92-tailed sig. Scores of 0,000 <0.005 after being given health education about HIV-AIDS in adolescents.


The purpose of this survey was to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of submandibular gland tumors in our practice setting. This was a descriptive retrospective study of submandibular gland tumors treated in the ENT and cervico-maxillofacial surgery department of the Sylvanus Olympio University Hospital over a period of 15 years. Data were collected from patient records. During the study period, 25 tumor cases were collected and operated, representing 38.46% of the surgical pathology of the submandibular gland. The sex ratio (m / f) was 0.56. The average age was 45.68 years old with extremes of 5 and 86 years old. The 45 to 60 age group was the most represented with 11 cases (44%). Submandibulectomy was performed in all patients with supraomohyoid lymph node dissection in 4 cases based on clinical and ultrasound criteria for malignancy and intraoperative findings. The histology of the operative specimens found 6 malignant tumors (24%) and 19 benign tumors (76%). The pleomorphic adenoma was the most common histological type with 12 cases (48%). The size of the tumor did not have a statistically significant impact on the benign or malignant nature of the tumor (p = 0.55). Similarly, the histological nature was not related to sex (p = 0.19). The immediate postoperative evolution was good in 22 cases and complicated in 3 cases. Two cases of carcinoma classified pT3 were referred for complementary radiotherapy. In conclusion, tumors of the submandibular gland are relatively rare and predominantly affect women in our context. The evolution under treatment is good but could still be improved by a good preoperative exploration including the fine-needle biopsy or even the MRI.


The aim of this research is, first, to explore consumer beliefs, attitudes and purchase intentions with regard to genetically modified (GM) food and second, based on this exploration, to develop a hypothetical model which can explain and predict consumer attitudes and purchase intentions with regard to GM food. For this twofold purpose, qualitative research and a review of relevant, mainly European, literature are combined. The qualitative research comprises focus group discussions with consumers and in‐depth interviews with representatives of interested parties. The developed model suggests differences between premium branded and generic GM food products regarding the formation of attitudes and purchase intentions.


Abstract The genetic structure of brown trout Salmo trutta was studied within the drainage of the River Ammeran, a tributary of the River Indalsalven in central Sweden. Samples from seven locations were analyzed with respect to five microsatellite loci. Allele frequencies in all samples were consistent with Hardy−Weinberg expectations. Allele frequencies at three resampled locations did not differ significantly between years. Allele frequencies were significantly different among locations, however, even over short waterway distances of less than 50 km. No pattern of isolation by distance was evident because genetic differences were correlated with subdivision by geomorphological structures (e.g., rapids and impassable waterfalls). We argue that each tributary of the River Ammeran should be regarded as an independent unit demanding an individual conservation and management plan.


We introduce a new technique (in the context of time‐harmonic electromagnetic scattering), which renders an object (or scatterer) to be perceived as if it has a different shape, irrespective of the location of the observer. This is achieved through the usage of an anisotropic metamaterial layer, which is designed as conformal to the surface of the scatterer by employing the concept of coordinate transformation. We report some numerical results for finite element simulations of two‐dimensional anisotropic metamaterial coatings. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 2386–2392, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22784


Data collection is one of the significant applications in wireless sensor network. For data collection MAC layer protocol are used in wireless sensor nodes, where S-Mac protocol is efficient regarding energy and latency. This paper considers S-MAC protocol with continuous sensor data collection. In static network traffic pattern fixed set of nodes report data to the base station, but for continuous sensor data collection traffic dynamically changes and most energy consumed. To avoid energy cost and latency overhead a novel S-MAC protocol based algorithm is proposed called traffic pattern oblivious algorithm, which collects data for dynamic traffic pattern. This paper analyzes performance of Time and energy efficiency. The results show that proposed algorithm significantly improves time and energy


Seismic detection technology has been widely used in safety detection of engineering construction abroad. Although it has just started in the field of engineering in our country, its role is becoming more and more important. Through computer technology, micro-seismic detection can provide accurate data for the construction safety detection of large-scale projects, which has important practical significance for the rapid and effective identification of micro-seismic signals. Based on this, the purpose of this article is to study the feature extraction and classification of microseismic signals based on neural games. This article first summarizes the development status of microseismic monitoring technology. Using traditional convolutional neural networks for analysis, a multi-scale feature fusion network is proposed on the basis of convolutional neural networks and big data, the multi-scale feature fusion network is used to research and analyze microseismic feature extraction and classification. This article systematically explains The principle of microseismic signal acquisition and the construction of multi-scale feature fusion network. And use big data, comparative analysis method, observation method and other research methods to study the theme of this article. Experimental research shows that the db7 wavelet base has little effect on the Megatron signal.


Surge is one of the main rotor dynamic instabilities limiting the operation of centrifugal compressors. This paper proposes an active surge control scheme for magnetically suspended centrifugal compressors using a variable equilibrium point approach. Multiple uncertainties caused by magnetic air gap adjustment are considered for the active magnetic bearing (AMB) control systems. By using the combination of an analytical model and a finite-element method, the perturbation of bearing force parameters, including the force-current factor and the force-displacement factor, is analyzed. The model uncertainties caused by the perturbation of the power amplifier parameters are identified through the online frequency sweep excitation. Based on the uncertainty analysis of the AMB control system, a $\mu$-synthesis-based controller is designed for the axial magnetic bearing system to suppress the vibration caused by surge. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can suppress surge and improve the reliability of the system by using automatic magnetic air gap adjustment of the AMB-rotor system.


We have carried out detailed investigations of magnetic ordering and the origin of exchange-bias phenomenology in polycrystalline 154Sm0.4Ca0.6MnO3 perovskite compound by employing dc and ac magnetizations, neutron depolarization, and neutron diffraction techniques. The neutron diffraction study reveals a broad charge ordering transition in the temperature range of 275–150 K, manifested by gradually varying structural distortions. DC magnetization and neutron diffraction studies infer a magnetic ordering around 110 K. Below ∼40 K, this compound exhibits a large enhancement of the magnetization and an exchange-bias effect (∼18 kOe at 5 K). The exchange-bias effect shows a characteristic temperature and cooling field dependence and a training effect. The compound undergoes a CE-type (checker-board type) antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering of Mn3+/Mn4+ spins below 110 K. The large magnetization below ∼40 K arises from the ferrimagnetic (FIM) ordering of a minority (∼5 vol. %) non-perovskite phase of Mn3O4. The appearance of exchange bias is ascribed due to the presence of an interface, formed between the FIM (Mn3O4) phase and the main AFM perovskite phase. Our study has implications in giving new directions in the search of large exchange-bias effects in mixed FIM/AFM bulk systems.


Teachingand learningarecloselyconnectedwlth one another. Howto teachwell
just depends on the teacher's brilliant skill and profound thinking.As a teacher, he must be
well prepared,skilled,Instructive,Interesting,good at thinking,flex山ie In learning as well as
excellent in option.


Diapause in insects is herein defined as a state of arrested growth and development which, unlike quiescence, persists until the animal undergoes a certain, well-defined sequence of physiological events that enables development to be resumed. In the green blowfly, Lucilia caesar L., a facultative diapause occurs in the 3rd-instar larva after cessation of feeding but before puparium formation. The ist-instar larva hatches within 24 hr. of oviposition and at 22 C. this stadium lasts for about 24 hr. The 2nd instar also lasts about 24 hr. at this temperature, while the 3rd instar lasts 7-10 days. The first 3 days of the final instar is a feeding period, the remaining 4-7 days being spent as a non-feeding prepupa. As Fraser (1957) points out this is not, strictly speaking, a true prepupa since the prepupal stage is an evanescent 4th instar within the puparium. The non-feeding stage of the 3rd instar, however, has by convention become known as the prepupa. After cessation of feeding, the 3rd-instar larva becomes negatively phototropic, positively geotropic, and under natural conditions burrows into the soil up to a depth of about 6 in. It may then either complete development or enter a prolonged state of diapause, depending upon the season of the year, among other factors. A number of authors (e.g. Roubaud, 1922; Cousin, 1932; Mellanby, 1938; Cragg & Cole, 1952; Fraser, 1957; Fraser & Smith, 1963) have shown that environmental factors such as low temperature, desiccation, lack of aeration and competition for available food act upon the larvae of Lucilia spp. to induce diapause. There is, however, little information available on the effect of photoperiod. Dickson (1949) indicated that this factor did not influence the tendency of L. sericata Mg. larvae to enter diapause, but his results with this species were incidental to the main theme of his research, the induction of diapause in GraphoHtha molesta Busck, and were based on only a few observations. Cragg & Cole (1952) found that the egg-batches from wild L. sericata females caught in late summer produced a high proportion of diapausing larvae even when reared under laboratory conditions favouring normal development. Although they accept that unfavourable environmental conditions acting on the larvae may induce diapause, they concluded that diapause in this species may also be of maternal origin. Fraser & Smith (1963) reached a similar conclusion while maintaining cultures of L. caesar. This paper offers preliminary information concerning the direct effect of photoperiod on diapause induction in larval L. caesar, such information being a prerequisite for the understanding of a maternal influence on larval diapause (the subject of a subsequent communication).


In this paper we propose modulation diversity as a candidate diversity scheme for uncoded cooperative communication in wireless networks with decode-and-forward (DF) communication protocol. A performance analysis of such a scheme in Nakagami-m fading channels in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is presented. An upper bound on the average probability of bit error (Pb) and average probability of symbol error (Ps) is derived for M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) modulation schemes. It is shown that the system employing employing modulation diversity is able to provide a performance improvement of 5 dB at a bit error rate of 10−4 as compared to the conventional cooperative communication systems. We introduce a power allocation factor and show that equal power allocation is not the optimal solution. Furthermore, we also analyze the effect of different rotation angles and power allocation on the system performance.


Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) fruit mesocarp had higher levels of free fatty acids at the ends of the fruits than in the middle, and microscopy showed that yeasts penetrate the mesocarp via the scars at each end. Very low levels of esterase activity, probably not due to a lipase, were detected in mesocarp extracts by using 4-methyl umbelliferone esters as substrates, but no activity against triacylglycerols could be found. In bruising and storage trials, the only variable that correlated (P<0.01) with free fatty acid level was yeast and mould count. It is concluded that yeasts and moulds are the source of lipolytic activity in oil palm mesocarp, and there is no evidence for an endogenous lipase.


Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) microspheres were prepared via an electrospinning method. The PAN microspheres could be successfully obtained in a suitable range of concentrations of electrospun PAN solutions. When β-CD was added to the PAN solutions, electrospun PAN/β-CD composite spheres were prepared. The morphology of the spheres was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM); it showed that the spheres had uniform diameter and a smooth surface. The composition of the composite microspheres was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that the β-CD was incorporated in the polymer microspheres.


AIM
To evaluate the overlapping and distinguishing cytologic features of primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and glioblastoma (GM) in frozen sections and squash smear slides.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Intraoperative frozen sections and squash smear slides from PCNSL (N = 63) and GM (N = 122) patients diagnosed from 2005 to 2015 were retrieved from pathology records. Overlapping and distinguishing histologic features were examined and statistically analyzed.

RESULTS
Necrosis and moderate nuclear size variation were common features of PCNSL and GM. PCNSL characteristically showed apoptosis, lack of a fibrillary background, monotonous nuclei, scant cytoplasm, lack of microvascular proliferation, and presence of perivascular cuffing. Multivariate analysis revealed that presence of apoptosis was the most powerful predictive parameter for the diagnosis of PCNSL.

CONCLUSION
The presence of apoptosis was effective for the intraoperative diagnosis of PCNSL compared to GM.
.


Scientific and commercial interest in environmental catalysis expanded significantly in last years due to restrictions about the emissions quality. Even more, it has been increasing the demands for the development of technologies for water treatment and remediation. Thus, catalysis may be an important technique in this area. Industrial effluents, such as petrochemical wastewater, often present phenolic compounds that are toxic to aquatic environment and humans. These compounds are conventionally treated by biological, extraction and adsorption process. However, these processes have limitation in systems with intermediate concentrations and in presence of phenol derivates, besides of represent high cost. Therefore, the use of advanced technologies of catalytic oxidation has been consolidated as one of tendencies in future developments in catalysis, such as the photocatalysis. In this context are the advanced oxidative processes (AOPs), which are able to generate hydroxyl radicals that are responsible for oxidizing organic compounds. And, within the AOPs is the photocatalysis. The heterogeneous photocatalysis is based on irradiation of a photocatalyzer that is usually an inorganic semiconductor, such as TiO2. Photon energy must be greater or equal to the semiconductor's band gap energy to cause an electronic transition (excitation). Hence, the process is able to oxidize organic compounds to CO2 and H2O. Nevertheless, heterogeneous photocatalysis application with TiO2 suspensions presents some disadvantages, for example the final separation of catalyst particles and the low quantum yield. Through Ti/TiO2 thermal electrodes, these problems can be solves, because it becomes unnecessary the final separation of particles and it is also possible the application of an electric potential on electrode. Electric potential improves the photocatalytic efficiency due to the electronic drainage that avoids the recombination of electron/hole pairs. Thus, the hydroxyl radicals production and the organic compound oxidation increase. The present study evaluated the degradation of phenol molecule using titanium electrodes coated with TiO2 film produced thermally (Ti/TiO2), UV radiation and electric potential. Different operating parameters were analyzed to obtain better efficiency in reducing the phenol concentration and it also propose low cost and safety system. The results indicated that the electrodes coated with oxide grown thermally coupled to electric potential and under UVA radiation decreased the phenol concentration in 13% after 10 hours. In assays with UVC radiation, the phenolic degradation reached 37%. Therefore, it is concluded that photocatalytic process with Ti/TiO2 electrode irradiated by UVA was able to degrade phenol, but these results were small in comparison with the results obtained with UVC radiation.


Tomographic myocardial imaging with T1-201 has become an important clinical technique in the evaluation of coronary artery disease. The authors have developed a computer model which simulates both the conventional circular rotation and elliptical rotation where improved resolution is obtained by bringing the camera closer to the body. The model allows for resolution variation with object depth, as well as for the variation in the amount of attenuation with relative camera position. The two dimensional myocardial phantom had constant T1-201 ''uptake''. The heart was embedded in an elliptically shaped thorax phantom, which provided attenuation from chest wall, lungs and heart. Data were acquired over 180/sup 0/, and the uptake of the T1-201 in the walls of the myocardium in the reconstructed transaxial images was quantified though a circumferential analysis. For both the circular and elliptical acquisitions, the model predicts that the reconstructed T1-201 distribution is not uniform. This paper concludes since view dependent attenuation and resolution cannot be deconvolved with available correction methods, clinical T1-201 studies need to be compared with normal data sets.


With the expansion of global strategies to prevent mother to child transmission of HIV, the number of perinatal HIV infections had dropped dramatically. This public health achievement has created a population of HIV exposed but uninfected (HEU) infants with substantially more morbidity and mortality than their HIV unexposed (HU) peers. We hypothesize that in utero exposure to maternal HIV induces a premature activation and expansion of fetal T cells, potentially leading to infant immune dysregulation (Th1 polarization/immune exhaustion) upon exposure to pathogens after birth.
 We selected pre-ARV era cord blood samples from 17 HEU infants born to viremic Kenyan women and 17 cord blood samples from HIV unexposed infants born to Kenyan women with similar sociodemographics. Next generation technology including addition of unique molecular identifiers was used to generate amplicon libraries for sequencing (MiSeq, Illumina). We calculated the Simpson Diversity Index for the 100 most frequent clones per TRB family. The median Ds for HU cord blood samples was 0.1, representing near maximal diversity of the TCR repertoire. Overall, HEU samples displayed a 30% reduction in diversity compared to the samples from HU infants, indicative of fetal T cell clonal expansion. Of note, the median diversity of Kenyan HEU samples located closer to the diversity of American adult peripheral blood than to the diversity of American cord blood.
 Although the antigen specificity of these cells is unknown, these results support the hypothesis that HIV exposure in utero stimulates fetal immune responses and point towards the existence of specific features of the immune system of newborn HEU infants which might be linked to their poor morbidity and mortality rates.


This article complements an earlier (1997) review of the patenting policy of Merck and indicates how the company continues to file extensively. It compares the patenting activity across each major therapeutic area with the company's 2001 revenues from these therapeutic areas.


This paper introduces the spatial panel autocorrelation model, utilizes C-D production functions, constructs the spatial econometric model and finally studies the spatial correlativity between provincial economic growth and logistics. By using the spatial package of Matlab software, it verifies the possibility if there is the remarkable autocorrelation of the Chinese provincial economic growth and local logistics. On the base of building the spatial panel model, we research the spatial quantitative autocorrelation of the Chinese provincial economic growth and local logistics.


BY JOHI S. P. 6 A very handy E term of the Adams spectral sequence for the sphere spectrum is obtained in [5]. Here we shall use it to calculate the cohomology of the mod-2 Steenrod algebra Hs't(A) in the range s _< 3 and find some relations among the hi's and c.'s in the range s <_ 4. The structure of H3't(A)and the relations h0 h 0 for i _> 4 yield the information d2hi ho hi_lfori_> 4 by an easy induction starting from dh4 ho h. Hence a new proof for the non-existence of the elements of Hopf invariant one is obtained.


Homogeneous superconducting powders of YBa2Cu3O7-δ have been successfully prepared from a carbonate solution by means of a freeze-drying method. Sintered powders at 930°C were characterized by 100% volume fraction of the superconducting phase in measurements of field-cooled magnetization at 4.5 K in low fields (\lesssim2 Oe) using a SQUID magnetometer. It turned out that large plate-shaped grains (∼2×5×20 µm3) grew when the powders were heated in a short period (\gtrsim6 hours) and that the packing density was considerably high even without any pressing process.


An effective assessment of tight oil reservoirs requires accurate calculation of their clay content. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs play an important role in the evaluation process because of the abnormally high values of gamma-ray (GR) logs and the poor resolution of spontaneous potential (SP) logs in source reservoirs. In this study, an NMR method was proposed to determine the clay content in tight oil reservoirs. We analysed the NMR characteristics of the sandstone samples, which contained different types of main clay minerals, through various experiments. The experimental results demonstrate that the transverse relaxation time (T2) cutoff value of clay-bound water varies with the type of clay. This indicates that different T2 cutoff values will be determined according to NMR logging while calculating the clay-bound water saturation in a specific area. Based on the cation-exchange capacity equation and the clay water saturation, a certain relation could be observed between the clay content and the remaining three parameters, including the clay water saturation, density logs and neutron logs. Further, we used the least-squares method for calculating the clay content based on this relation. The calculation result obtained from the field examples agreed well with the experimental measurements, thereby demonstrating the accuracy and usefulness of the proposed method.


During the operation, overhead power lines are subject to many atmospheric factors such as lightning flashes, wind and falling trees, which all influence the power line's performance. The paper deals with the evaluation of lightning threat to distribution network feeders based on the advanced use of high-resolution flash density data (HRFDD). High-resolution flash density data with 100 × 100 m spatial resolution are calculated from lightning information collected by a lightning location system. By implementing advanced topological and spatial analysis of the distribution network, it is possible to evaluate lightning threat probability per feeder. The paper describes an overview of modern methods for optimizing the lightning performance of utilities network using high resolution flash density data.


The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has affirmed its transmission pricing policies by denying a rehearing of its January 13 order involving Public Service Electric Gas Co. The action evolved from the FERC's landmark March 1992 Pennsylvania Electric Co. (Penelec) decision that dealt with transmission plant expansion cost recovery. The FERC's January 13 order (see 2/15/93 Fortnightly) dealt with transmission rates and interconnection charges. In addressing transmission rates, the FERC said that Public Service E G may charge a third-party transmission rate that is the higher of its embedded cost rate or its incremental cost of accelerated expansion. (The incremental rate proved higher.) As for interconnection charges, the FERC said that in light of Penelec (which allows for separate cost recovery when an interconnection will not provide system benefits to all customers) the utility may recover the full cost of the interconnection facilities from the plant owner. In arguing for a rehearing, Public Service E G claimed that new transmission customers will use existing grid facilities for free if the transmission service charge is capped at the incremental cost of expanding the grid. The utility also had argued that the FERC's transmission pricing policy sends the wrong price signals. Themore » FERC said there is no free ride, because Public Service E G has been permitted under longstanding practice to charge new transmission customers a rate that reflects a contribution to the fixed costs of its system (including the fixed costs of the existing grid plus the costs associated with any upgrades). Under the policy outlined in its January 13 order, Public Service E G may charge a rate that permits recovery of, at a minimum, the same amount of fixed costs. The FERC declared Public Service E G no worse off under the revised policy that it had been.« less


Top-seeded growth of Bi 2 B 8 O 15 from a stoichiometric melt is reported. Crystals have been grown with dimensions of up to 24 x 12 x 5 mm 3 . Bi 2 B 8 O 15 shows twin domains at room temperature; their origin was investigated by methods of thermal analysis. The domains were found to result from a sluggish phase transition that occurs in a broad temperature range (ΔT ≃ 20 K) around ∼390 K. Unit cell parameters at room temperature were determined: a = 4.3140(6) A, b = 22.148(2) A, c = 6.4695(6) A, β = 105.46(1)°, possible space group P2 (no.4), the non-centrosymmetry was proved using powder SHG.


The article presents the results of comparative neuropsychological analysis of audio-verbal memory features in firstformers with different learning success: successful in learning or with partial and complex learning disabilities. The differences in the state of functions of memorization, storage, and replication of verbal information in junior schoolchildren depending on the learning successes. Low possibilities of phonemic awareness and processes of audio-verbal information storage affect unfavorably on the acquisition of fundamental school knowledge in children with complex learning disabilities.


An artificial neutral network was established based on the date of noctiluca scientillans density and physical and chemical parameters on red tide,using the back propagation(BP)algorithm The model was then used in the study on the relationships between changing physical and chemical parameters and noctiluca scientillans The results showed the model gave expression to the reflexion rule well


Background In cells proliferation tracking experiments, cells are stained with a tracking dye before culture. During cell division, the dye will be divided between daughter cells so that each daughter cell brings about a halving of uorescence intensity of the mother. The uorescence intensity of a cell, by comparison with the uorescence intensity of resting cells, provides an indication of how many divisions the cell has undergone since stimulation. Analysis of the


Magnetic measurements performed on the LaNi5−xAlx system show that the magnetic susceptibilities increase up to a temperature Tmax, characteristic for each composition. In the temperature range T ≤ 10 K, a T2-dependence of the magnetic susceptibilities was evidenced for compositions x = 0 and 1. In the high-temperature range the magnetic susceptibilities were analysed as a superposition of a Pauli-paramagnetic term on a Curie–Weiss-type contribution. The effective nickel moments decrease with increasing Al content. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements and band structure calculations show that the Fermi level is gradually shifted to a region with lower density of states when Al is substituted for Ni. The magnetic behaviour of nickel was analysed in correlation with the sample composition.


The experiment was aimed to study the effects of dietary cadmium (Cd) concentration on growth and nutrient metabolism in guinea pigs. Forty-eight healthy guinea pigs (30-35d old, mean body weight 297.4±2.76 g) were divided into four dietary groups (n=12 per group) and fed diets added with 0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 mg Cd/kg for 91 days including a metabolism trial which lasted for 4 days. Intake and digestibility of nutrients and balance of calcium and phosphorus were not affected by dietary Cd concentration. However, nitrogen balance decreased and feed conversion efficiency was deteriorated in all the Cd supplemented groups, with significantly (P<0.05) lower values in group fed diet having 4.5 mg Cd/kg as compared with the control group. The average daily gain was also reduced in a linear manner as dietary cadmium content increased (r2=0.98), with significantly (P<0.05) lower values in the groups supplemented with 3.0 and 4.5 mg Cd/kg diet as compared to control group. Results indicated that addition of Cd even at 3 mg/kg level (which is below the presently recommended safe level of 5 mg Cd/kg) in the diet had an adverse effect on growth performance, feed conversion efficiency and N metabolism in the guinea pigs. On the basis of these results it may be deduced that prolonged exposure of dietary Cd even at 3 mg/kg is not safe for the animals.


The parallel running of No.3 and No.4 137.5 MW power generating units in Jiangsu Sheyanggang Power Generation Co.Ltd.is finished by SID-2CM automatic quasi-synchronization device.The working principle of SID-2CM automatic quasi-synchronization device and differential-frequency paralleling method are introduced.On this basis,the debugging content and field test data of automatic quasi-synchronization devices in No.3 and No.4 power generating units are analyzed in detail.The method and measure of static test and driving motion total group test with switch needed for generation unit paralleling are proposed emphatically.The application experience of the device in Sheyanggang Power Generation Co.Ltd.is summatized.


To test our novel hypothesis that anti-tumor immune activity in cancer patient is predictive of clinical outcomes, we propose two complementary approaches to computationally determine immune cell subpopulation profiles from patient gene expression data. In both approaches, the data was analyzed with scripts written in MATLAB and Stata 10.0. The first approach was to use regression based analysis to find a correlation between immune cell subpopulation in a human genome database (Fantom5) and the clinical outcome of patients with bladder cancer in the Cancer Genome Atlas consortium. In this case, the gene expression levels of each patient are assumed to be a weighted average of gene expression levels in the constituting cell subpopulations. In the second approach we used a signature based analysis to investigate how treatment affects immune cell subpopulations. We used data from patients' before and after treatment and immune cell subpopulation signature genes. With the last approach we have seen preliminary results that suggest that some immune cell sub-populations have higher variations than others. High correlation between patient's survival was found using t-test and p-values < 0.1. Some of the cell subpopulations with p-values < 0.1 are CD9+ B cells (0.0803), Gama Delta T Cells (0.0824), Granulocyte Macrophage (0.0811), CD4+CD25+-CD45RA – Memory Conventional T Cells (0.0747), Macrophage (-0.0953), CD133+ Stem cells (-0.0949), and CD8+ T Cells (-0.0901). Research is underway to confirm this result, and to continue analyzing the data collected in both approaches. Future work will include building a model for predicting patient survival and drug responses using the immune cell sub-population profiles as predictors.


This project will look at an obscure part of many city economies: the taxicab industry. In US cities, government regulations often directly or indirectly restrict the number of taxicabs allowed on the streets. Thus, taxicab supply in these places is essentially a controlled number. The goal is to use a model of taxicab demand to determine how well government actions focus on taxicab demand factors when regulating taxicab supply; for a sample of 259 US cities. This addresses the question of how governments act within the taxicab industry, and what they act for. Regression analysis is used to reveal the taxicab demand factors that are statistically significant in explaining the government regulated number of taxicabs. Interpretations of these results provide quantitative evidence to qualitative analysis that shows governments do not necessarily act with 'public interest' in mind when establishing regulations within the taxicab industry.


249 Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology, and Leprology | March-April 2017 | Vol 83 | Issue 2 4. Elman S, Hynan LS, Gabriel V, Mayo MJ. The 5‐D itch scale: A new measure of pruritus. Br J Dermatol 2010;162:587‐93. 5. Mettang T, Pauli‐Magnus C, Alscher DM. Uraemic pruritus – New perspectives and insights from recent trials. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2002;17:1558‐63. 6. Ko MJ, Yang JY, Wu HY, Hu FC, Chen SI, Tsai PJ, et al. Narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for patients with refractory uraemic pruritus: A randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol 2011;165:633‐9.


The Australian wine industry operates in a highly competitive environment. It is therefore necessary for wine producers to protect their marks. This article begins with the history of trade marks. It then examines and compares the common law and statutory causes of action available for infringement of a trade mark. Cases discussed include J Bollinger v Costa Brava Wine Co Ltd [1960] Ch 263, Comite Interprofessionel Du Vin De Champagne (Comite) v N L Burton Pty Limited (t/as Freixenet Spanish Champagne Distributors) [1981] FCA 196 and E & J Gallo Winery v Lion Nathan Australia Pty Limited [2009] FCAFC 27. Legislation considered includes the Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth), the Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cth) and the Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation Act 1980 (Cth).


Abstract Due to rapid international market development, there is a strong and urgent need to assess the safety of the novel food, Ilex guayusa. Guayusa has been consumed for centuries in the western Amazon as an herbal tea, and novel food regulation provide a detailed framework for safety assessment of novel foods with such a history of use. This study reviews guayusa's taxonomy, chemical composition, toxicology, ethnobotany, and history of safe use as key elements of a robust novel food safety assessment. Guayusa is a product of traditional agricultural systems with a continuous history of consumption in Ecuador. Its known chemical composition appears to present no greater risk to human health than existing teas such as green tea or yerba mate, although our understanding of guayusa's chemical profile is still nascent, requiring further investigation. Broad consumption of guayusa is not associated with a history of adverse effects or product safety notifications. Biochemical and phytochemical studies have profiled its nutritional content, metabolite composition, and bioactivity, validating guayusa's antioxidant and stimulant properties. In conclusion, guayusa leaves have a well-documented chemical composition and history of safe use, which are key considerations for authorization as a novel food in the EU.


Power and domination once occupied center stage in organizational sociology. But as the field developed, the concept of power was marginalized and its overall significance for the drama of organization life neglected. Normative critiques of domination were recast as puzzles of obedience to authority, while scholars wishing to study the concrete workings of power regimes found themselves groping in the shadows. In this introduction, we advocate putting power and domination back on the agenda. Following the lead of classical theorists of power, we argue that organizations should be seen as scenes of struggles and as political projects to be constantly achieved and reconstructed. We critique structural and abstract perspectives that neglect the constant engagement of people in the negotiation of rules, meanings, and destinies. And we survey novel ideas that can help us to see power not as an abstract entity but as a pattern of interactions and social relationships that is instantiated in specific projects of domination and resistance. It is through this lens that power studies can be reinvigorated.


The large amount of distributed energy connected to power grid through inverters tends to cause a decrease in the rotating capacity of the grid, which in turn reduces the stability of the grid. To solve this problem, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) can effectively increase the virtual inertia by simulating synchronous generator (SG). With considering power coupling effect, this paper demonstrated that distributed power generation system (DPGS) under grid connection (GC) mode will cause synchronous frequency resonance (SFR) phenomenon by analyzing the small signal model of VSG for different transmission angle transmission lines during the grid disturbance. Then, an improved VSG strategy with correction link is proposed, which can effectively suppress the generation of synchronous frequency resonance. Finally, this paper verifies the correctness of the small signal analysis, the consistent response of VSG and SG, and the suppression effect of the improved strategy on the synchronous resonance through the simulations of the small signal model, the VSG model and the SG model.


As the main cause of inaccuracy in measuring reaction time by means of the keyboard or mouse is the sluggishness of the keyboard interrupt and the relatively slow communication of a status change via the serial port, the joystick, connected to the computer via the game port, represents a highly feasible means for accurately measuring choice reaction time.


This paper completes the description of the Building Energy Efficiency Project. This report provides a consistent comparison of the energy retrofit potential of a selected building type matrix. The magnitude of a market segment's energy use and expenditures on energy is combined with the gap between likely and potential energy savings in evaluating the market segments. Two evaluation criteria--energy use factor, and energy expenditure factor--are explained. Figures graphically indicate the Energy Use and Energy Expenditure factors for each of the 60 market segments. Five types of residential, and four types of non-residential building are prime targets for the development of conservation programs.


In this paper, a novel method for simultaneous measurement of rotation speed and vibration based on self-mixing speckle interference (SMSI) has been demonstrated. In view of the autocorrelation characteristic of SMSI, the time delay of laser incident during one rotation period is determined, and the rotation speed of the object is calculated according to the mathematical relationship. At the same time, the signal square-wave conversion and the global maximum fringe-counting method are proposed to measure the vibration displacement subject to the rotation. The theory and signal processing means are introduced in detail, and a series of experiments employing computer disk at different positions with various rotation speeds indicate that the proposed method achieves a simple, efficient, and accurate multi-parameter measurement.