Phaeomonas parva gen. et sp. nov., a marine photosynthetic stramenopile from oceanic water near the Caroline Islands, is described. Cells are naked and spherical to ovoid. The alga is motile with two laterally inserted flagella during the light period, whereas during the dark period, it absorbs the flagella and rounds up. The anterior (immature, No. 2) long flagellum possesses tubular tripartite mastigonemes. The posterior (mature, No. 1) short flagellum is smooth and has autofluorescence at the base. The cupshaped, yellowish‐brown chloroplast occupies the posterior half of the cell, and a pyrenoid occurs in the inner cavity of the cup‐shaped chloroplast. The flagellar apparatus has several unusual features. Two basal plates and a two‐gyred proximal helix in the flagellar transitional region may suggest that P. parva is related to the Pelagophyceae, Dictyochophyceae and Sulcochrysis biplastida, a photosynthetic stramenopile of uncertain taxonomic position. The R3 and R4 roots form a loop that resembles phagotrophic chrysophytes. However, this resemblance is superficial because Phaeomonas is not phagotrophic, its R3 root has a different number of microtubules and its R3 root does not split to form a food‐uptake mouth. Phaeomonas has a 'bypassing root', which is found only with the Phaeophyceae, Giraudyopsis stellifera (Chrysomerophyceae), and Ankylochrysis lutea (probably a member of the Pelagophyceae). The taxonomic position of P. parva could not be determined solely from ultrastructural features. However, molecular phylogeny and biochemical analyses (published separately) strongly supported a relationship between P. parva and four other monotypic strameno‐piles, Glossomastix, Pinguiochrysis, Pinguiococcus and Polypodochrysis. Although these algae are morphologically distinct, they have unusually high percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentoic acid. This unusual assemblage of stramenopiles is classified in a new class, the Pinguiophyceae (published separately), and P. parva is its only biflagellate member.


Many multinational retail companies are exposed to financial risk related to climate change. Carbon management is important in keeping global temperature increases below 1.5°C to prevent the exacerbated impacts of climate change. Auchan Retail in Auchan Holding provides a good example of carbon management in the retail sector. Auchan Retail's major emissions are the indirect emissions throughout their value chain (scope 3 emissions). The total estimated emission of scopes 1, 2 and 3 are 37,822,573.9 t CO2e. The firm has reduced these by improving energy efficiency, combating food waste and altering product-sourcing methods. However, the carbon emissions estimates of Auchan Retail are not comprehensive. Internationally recognized carbon emission indicators have not been taken into account. It is crucial to work on all the indirect and direct emissions that occur both upstream and downstream of the company's operations, instead of focusing only on energy consumption (scopes 1 and 2). Auchan Retail should conduct a more comprehensive and accurate carbon emissions estimate to increase the legitimacy of their carbon management plan. This will facilitate the establishment of improved carbon reduction targets and measures in the future. Auchan Holding is recommended to be more ambitious on the carbon-offset program, exploring new markets and opportunities, which can effectively reach emissions reduction targets, reducing climate risks, and enhancing business growth.


Among past studies attempting to identify factors which account for the large individual differences in attitude toward gifted education, none has succeeded in doing so with much precision. In their literature review, Bégin and Gagné (1995) attributed this lack of significant results in large part to various methodological problems. These methodological problems were directly addressed in the present study. A sample of 139 teachers and 138 parents completed an attitude scale and answered ten sociodemographic questions. The results of a first regression analysis underscored the importance of certain individual variables, such as education level and family income, as predictors of the attitude scores. In order to account for the non-independence between the ten variables involved, principal components were extracted and four factors identified. Factor scores were then introduced in a new regression analysis. Two of them, Socioeconomic Status and Contact with Giftedness, were found to explain 12% and 10% respectively of the variance in attitude scores, twice as much than in the most successful past study. It is recommended that this methodological approach be used in future studies to search for other significant predictors of people's attitudes toward the education of gifted and talented children.


When using virtual reality (VR) to study cognitive processes, the user's sensory input and motor output in the virtual setting should closely resemble the actual physical signals. For extended VR settings, in which users can freely navigate substantial distances, this becomes challenging, as the virtual movement cannot be matched in the real world for space constraints. It has been suggested that performing rotations in the physical world, while keeping translational movements purely virtual, may present a good compromise. However, most such control strategies use head orientation as input to determine the virtual movement direction and/or require additional tracking hardware. Using the head to control the virtual locomotion is problematic when the objective of the VR investigation relates to attention or gaze. For such research topics, it is critical to avoid confounding gaze and head orientation with commands for moving in the VR. Here, we propose a control strategy that combines virtual translation with physical body rotation to control VR locomotion. This leaves the head free from navigational control and allows studying attention, gaze and other cognitive processes in naturalistic settings and large, complex virtual environments. Importantly, we achieve this by standard software and hardware, which is part of typical consumer-grade VR bundles.


Understanding the spatial distribution of insect pests and their natural enemies can be very important for a successful integrated pest management approach. In Malaysia, Aphis gossypii Glover (Hemiptera: Aphididae) is the only aphid species colonizing and responsible for significant crop losses in chili, Capsicum annuum L. (Solanaceae). Several species of aphidophagous lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) occur naturally, of which three species [Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius), Coelophora inaequalis (Fabricius), and Coccinella transversalis (Fabricius)] predominate in chili ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of A. gossypii and associated lady beetle predators during two growing seasons of C. annuum, using Spatial Analysis by Distance Indices (SADIE). Both aphid and lady beetle populations were spatially aggregated, the strength of aggregation being strongest mid‐way through the cropping cycle. We concluded that the aggregated distribution of adult lady beetles is driven by the spatial distribution of A. gossypii.


This article describes a process for introducing modern technological subjects into the academic curricula of non-technical universities. The process described may increase and contribute to social sustainability by enabling non-technical students' access to the field of the Internet of Things and the broader Industry 4.0. The process has been defined and tested during a curricular reform project that took place in two large universities in Eastern Europe. In this article, the authors describe the results and impact, over multiple years, of a project financed by the European Union that aimed to introduce the following subjects into the academic curricula of business students: cloud computing, big data, mobile programming, and social networks and cybersecurity (CAMSS). The results are useful for those trying to implement similar curricular reforms, or to companies that need to manage talent pipelines.


The estimation of non-stationary random medium parameters of petrophysical parameters is the key to the application of random medium theory in fine seismic exploration. We proposed a method for estimating non-stationary random medium parameters of petrophysical parameters using seismic data. Based on the linear petrophysical model, the relationship between seismic data and porosity, clay volume, and water saturation in the random medium was described, and the principle and method of estimating the autocorrelation parameters of the petrophysical parameter random medium were introduced in this study. Subsequently, the specific steps of applying the power spectrum method, for parameter estimation in non-stationary random media with petrophysical parameters, were explained. The feasibility and correctness of the method were verified through the estimation test of the two-dimensional theoretical model. Eventually, the estimation test of non-stationary random medium parameters of petrophysical parameters was carried out by field seismic data, and the results indicated that the non-stationary random medium parameters can better portray the information of subsurface medium petrophysical parameters. The method can provide a reference for the construction of a priori information on petrophysical parameters, and it can also provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth application of random medium theory to practical data.


Abstract Denmark has a long-standing objective to reduce carbon dioxide emissions through increased use of biomass for power generation. The chosen biomass, straw, posed significant new challenges for materials and combustion technology, and has also required development of supply chain management. An interdisciplinary approach, involving research organisations and companies from several sectors of industry, has been developed to overcome these requirements. Key achievements of this research and development programme and ongoing targets are reviewed.


Abstract : This report analyzes possible policies for replacing segments of New York City's water distribution system. Strategies were developed and tested, and compared with the Bureau of Water Supply's current strategy of replacing a main segment (equal to about 1/12 of a mile, on average) if it has had two or more breaks. A mathematical model was developed to conduct the analysis, which incorporates the cost of replacing water mains of different sizes and also the cost of repairing breaks that occur. Tradeoffs are involved. With repeated applications of the simulation, the strategy that results in the lowest present costs (replacement plus repair) can be found. The simulation allows analysis to be done 50 years into the future. The most appropriate strategy for New York City is the current policy of replacing mains that have had two or more breaks. Although this strategy was not the least-cost policy under all circumstances (discount rate and indirect costs), it was the best in terms of being the closest to the optimal under a variety of input values. In addition, the two-or- more-break strategy resulted in a system with a relatively low break rate. Keywords: Economics; Infrastructure; Pipe breaks; Pipelines; Rehabilitation; Water distribution; Water mains; Water supply.


of the most significant cultural artefacts of the Malay/Indonesian world. It is fitting, therefore, that Oxford University Press have brought out publications in the same year on these complementary topics. Both books, which belong to the' Images of Asia' series, are well-written and should succeed in making the background to these complex arts available to a wide audience. The publications concentrate on the finer examples of these South-East Asian decorative arts and perhaps because of this the authors have decided to provide a different regional coverage: the kris book considers the whole archipelago from the Malay peninsula to the Philippine islands, while the publication on textiles concentrates primarily on Javanese batik. The latter does, however, mention the Toraja tradition of resist dyeing and the connexions between Java and the other Indonesian islands. The books provide lucid accounts of the methods of manufacture. Frey's description of pattern welding is a model of clear writing and his book should be well received by curators struggling with the problem of making captions intelligible to the 'average' museum visitor. Similar observations can be made with regard to Fraser-Lu's exposition of the batik cap and tulis methods. The kris book is especially strong on the dagger's mystical associations and its use as a symbol of social prestige, while Fraser-Lu gives more attention to batik design. In addition to the handsome covers, numerous colour illustrations are included, though some of the reproductions of the black and white photographs seem strangely washed-out. The small number of poor quality images do not, however, detract seriously from books that will assuredly be enjoyed by both specialist and general reader alike. I look forward to seeing more of this excellent series.


Aims: This paper examines trends in age-specific mortality in a rural South African population from 1992 to 2003, a decade spanning major sociopolitical change and emergence of the HIV/AIDS pandemic. Changing mortality patterns are discussed within a health-transition framework. Methods: Data on population size, structure, and deaths, obtained from the Agincourt health and demographic surveillance system, were used to calculate person-years at risk and death rates. Life tables were computed by age, sex and calendar year. Mortality rates for the early period 1992—93 and a decade later, 2002— 03, were compared. Results: Findings demonstrate significant increases in mortality for both sexes since the mid-1990s, with a rapid decline in life expectancy of 12 years in females and 14 years in males. The increases are most prominent in children (0—4) and young adult (20—49) age groups, in which increases of two- and fivefold respectively have been observed in the past decade. Sex differences in mortality patterns are evident with increases more marked in females in most adult age groups. Conclusions: Empirical data demonstrate a marked ``counter transition'' with mortality increasing in children and young adults, ``epidemiologic polarization'' with vulnerable subgroups experiencing a higher mortality burden, and a ``protracted transition'' with simultaneous emergence of HIV/AIDS together with increasing non-communicable disease in older adults. The health transition in rural South Africa is unlikely to predict patterns elsewhere; hence the need to examine trends in as many contexts as have the data to support such analyses.


This was a 1060-g male stillborn at 27+ weeks of gestation born to a 35-year-old gravida 4, para 2 mother. The mother's pregnancy was uncomplicated until the onset of flulike symptoms and severe headache 8 days before delivery. She was treated symptomatically, and all her symptoms resolved within 2 days. Two days before delivery, she presented to her obstetrician's office complaining of decreased fetal movement. On admission, she was found to have a high fever and fetal demise. After induction, she was delivered of the stillborn. The placenta and the tissues of the stillborn had numerous microabscesses involving almost every site. Postmortem blood and various organ cultures grew Listeria monocytogenes. The mother's blood culture was also positive for the same organism. After being treated with antibiotics, she made a full recovery. The source and the nature of the food responsible for this case could not be identified. The purposes of this article were to review the characteristics of L. monocytogenes and the pathogenesis of the disease process and to familiarize the reader with the typical pathologic findings in the placenta and postmortem examination.


In this paper, the theory of complete information static game is applied to the qualitative analysis of quality inspection and detail analysis on the definite actions of the inspection agency and builders (construction units). The mixed strategy-Nash equilibrium was used to work out equilibrium point and some useful results have been obtained. This method is highly applicable.


When optimizing the hydrodynamic performance of a propeller, a sufficient sample space for optimization calculations needs to be established and parametric modeling of the initial propeller needs to be implemented. In this paper, the parametric modeling of the propeller is programmed based on the F-spline curve fitting principle, and the radial parameter distributions of the propeller are fitted with one F-spline curve each. The idea of using fewer control variables to fit the curve accurately and minimizing the variance of the fitted points is added to the curve fitting, which greatly reduces the error between the fitted curve and the original curve. Based on the fitted propeller radial parameter curves, the parent propeller shape can be accurately described and the propeller geometry in the generated sample space is guaranteed to be smooth. The fitted curve is then used to write a program that integrates the modeling process and eliminates the need to manually complete the propeller 3D model. The implementation of parametric modeling of the propeller allows for better establishment of the relationship between propeller geometric features and propeller performance. The closed-loop nature of this modeling method ensures efficient propeller hydrodynamic performance forecasting and optimization, and improves the propeller hydrodynamic performance optimization system.


H-bonding abilities of ionic liquids along-with hydrophobicity and cooperativity effects increases their hydration numbers making them capable for dissolving sparingly soluble organic molecules in aqueous or polar nonaqueous media and hence are potential candidates in pharmaceutical and medicinal sciences besides the different technological and academic interest. In this work, dielectric spectra were measured and analyzed for diethylammonium based protic ionic liquids (PILs), imidazolium based aprotic ionic liquids (APILs) and their aqueous solutions (~0.02 moldm-3 to ~0.8 moldm-3) over a frequency range of 0.01 GHz to 50 GHz using time domain reflectometry (TDR) at 298.15 K. Cole-Cole (CC) model for neat ionic liquids (ILs) and combination of Debye and Cole-Cole model (D+CC) for their aqueous solutions best describes the experimental dielectric relaxation spectra. Higher values of static permittivity and relaxation time were observed for less viscous PILs compared to more viscous APILs due to existence of hydrogen bonding in PILs, ionic translational motion and existence of transient, short-lived proton transfer responsible for solvent polarization. For aqueous solutions of ionic liquids, the fast collective relaxation of solvent (bulk water) observed at higher frequencies (~20 GHz) and slow relaxation is detected at lower frequency (~5 GHz to ~10 GHz) due to hydrophobic hydration with or without cooperative H-bonding effect. The apparent concentration of bulk water, , and slow water, , were used to obtain effective hydration numbers to understand the ion-solvation. Hydration numbers revealed that imidazolium based APILs are weakly hydrated than the diethylammonium based PILs. Static permittivity, relaxation time of pure ILs and of aqueous solutions of studied ILs are discussed in terms of effect alkyl chain length of cation/anion, H-bonding abilities of ions, dipole moments of ions, viscosity, hydrophobic effects, etc.


An experimental paradigm is presented which measures an operator's attention or sampling behavior as a function of the minimum number of variables necessary to structure the problem: (1) the operator's risk preference, (2) a controlled variable, and (3) costs of sampling and loss of control. Two normative models are compared with experimental data.


* Introduction, R Raj and N D Morpeth * The Globalisation of Pilgimage Tourism, K A Griffin, Dubin Institute of Technology, Ireland * Motivations for Religious Tourism, Pilgrimage, Festivals, and Events, R Blackwell, Leeds Metropolitan University, UK * The Management and Promotion of Religious Tourism Sites, Pilgrimage and Religious Events, J Pavicic, University of Zagreb, Croatia N Alfirevic, University of Split, Croatia V J Bararelo, Caritas, Croatia * Sustaining Tourist Infrastructures for religious tourists and pilgrims, Dr I A Rotheram, Sheffield Hallam University, UK * Sacred and Secular Pilgrimage, V Ambrosio, Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, Portugal * Religion, Pilgrimage, Mobility and Immobility, A Arellano, University of Ottawa, Ontario * Religious Tourism and Cultural Pilgrimage: Eastern and Western Perspectives, Zhang mu, Huang li, Wang Jian-hong, Liu ji, Jie Yan-geng and Lai Xiting, all Shenzhen Tourism College of Jinan University, China * Expressions and Experiences of Pilgrimage and Religious Tourism, J Mulligan, Leeds Metropolitan University, UK * Case study 1: Travellers to the Haram (Makka): The Greatest Trip for Religious Tourist on Earth, R Raj * Case study 2: Christian/Catholic Pilgrimage - Studies and Analyses, V Ambrosio, Hotelaria e Turismo do Estoril, Portugal. * Case study 4: Ancient and Modern Pilgrimage: El Camino Frances? N D Morpeth * Case study 3: Symbolic Representation of religion, culture and heritage and their implications on the tourism experience: The example of the 'Ciudad de Cultura' in Santiago de Compostela, M Scheer, International School of Management, Germany * Case study 5: The importance and the place of faith (religious) tourism in the alternative tourism resources of Turkey, A Aktas and Yakin Ekin, University School of Tourism and Hotel Management, Turkey * Case study 6: Pilgrimage, Tourism and Religious Tourism at Sacred Sites in India, K Schinde, Monash University, Australia * Case study 7: Islamic Pilgrimage and travel insurance, T Rashid, Leeds Metropolitan University, UK * Case study 8: Fatima - The Religious Tourism Altar, M I R de Pinho, Instituto Politecnico do Porto, Portugal.


Many precision irrigation approaches rely on calculating the crop water stress index (CWSI) using measurements of the sunlit-leaf canopy temperature (sunlit-leaf Tc). To this end, they typically employ machine learning and/or statistical techniques along with visible-spectrum and/or thermal imagery to identify the sunlit-leaf region and its temperature. The precise segmentation of sunlit leaves is of utmost importance; considering non-sunlit leaves while calculating CWSI, can lead to inaccurate and inefficient under-irrigation or overirrigation. Recent work demonstrated that convolutional neural networks (CNN) can support highly precise sunlit leaf segmentation in pistachio trees. The same work introduced a complete methodology for the estimation of CWSI in pistachio trees and released a corresponding free-of-charge web tool: CIWA. However, the generality of the approach to other crops is not discussed. Here, we extend the CIWA methodology to tomato plants. We discuss the challenges of extending the CIWA approach to shorter plants and release the first annotated dataset for sunlit-leaf segmentation in tomato plants. We consider three CNN architectures for this task: FRRNA, FC-DenseNet103 and ResNet101-DeepLabV3, and show that FC-DenseNet103 is the most suitable for the task. Based on these results, we introduce an extended CIWA release to enable tomato CWSI measurements.


Objective:To explore the effect and safety of nasal continuous positive airway pressure(nCPAP) joint tracheal intubation sucking phlegm for little babies with severe pneumonia and TypeⅡ respiratory failure.Methods:Choose 80 cases of little babies with severe pneumonia and TypeⅡ respiratory failure.They were randomly divided into nCPAP + tracheal intubation sucking phlegm group(A group) and tracheal intubation mechanical ventilation(B group),40 cases in each group,with the same routine therapy.Group A with the oxygen treatment by nCPAP joint tracheal intubation sucking phlegm,Group B with infantile breathing machine mechanical ventilation.To observe blood gas analysis dynamic test,the treatment effect,the average time respiratory support and the average days in hospital,the expense and adverse reaction.Results:Group A had obvious effect in improving ventilation to obtain effect on the treatment of TypeⅡrespiratory failure,but weaker than in Group B in improving ventilation.The cure rate of the two groups were similar;the respiratory support time and the average days in hospital were close.But the treatment of Group A costs less than that of Group B,with statistic significance(P0.01).Conclusion:NCPAP + tracheal intubation sucking phlegm in treating little babies with severe pneumonia and TypeⅡrespiratory failure is safe and effective,the technical requirement is lower.It is easy to promote in basic-level hospitals.


Accelerator-based boron neutron capture therapy (ABNCT) is currently being studied as an alternative to reactor-based BNCT at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology`s (MIT`s) Laboratory for Accelerator Beam Applications (LABA). A tandem accelerator was recently constructed and installed at LABA. Previous work has indicated that the Be(d, n) reaction may be promising for use in ABNCT. Beam design is being performed to determine which energy deuterons produce the most useful therapy beam.


In the course of recent calls for a new materialist or realist turn in the humanities, Foucault's contributions to our thinking of the present have come under scrutiny. Has Foucault paved the way for new approaches capable to grasp the complex materiality of our time? Or is he rather part of the anthropocentric baggage we need to leave behind, lulled into the 'Kantian sleep' that has worn out thinking for way too long? After sketching some critical points raised against Foucault, thereby focusing on Quentin Meillassoux, the author discusses the possible philosophical roots of Foucault's alleged anthropocentrism. The paper ends by re-examining what it would mean to historicize or even overcome Foucault in favor of a new materialism .


From the perspective of human resource practice,with the provincial academies of agricultural science as sample,human resource practice and its influence on organizational performance are empirically studied.The findings reveal that recruitment and motivation have a positive influence on regular performance and innovative performance while trainning fails to do so.When it comes to the effects of interaction,the interaction between training and motivation has a positive effect on the innovative performance while the other two fail to do so.The result provides another way for the provincial academies of agricultural science to improve their performance.


LECTURE II. THE RADIO-ULNAR ARTICULATIONS. 'THE muscles producing pronation are the pronator teres and pronator quadratus, and if the resistance to the movement be applied to the hand as it usually is, the flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus contract. The pronator quadratus cannot be felt contracting, but it is one of the muscles whose action must be inferred from its position. Supination is performed by the supinator brevis, biceps, and, when the resistance is applied to the hand, by the extensor .carpi radialis longior and brevior and by the extensors thumb. The strongest supinator is the biceps, and its action


The pot culture experiment was conducted during 2012-13 at Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Dhule, M.P.K.V., Rahuri (M.S.) for evaluation of critical limits for potassium in shrink-swell soils and pearl millet. The experiment was conducted with 18 soil samples consisting of Low (6 samples), medium (6 samples) and high (6 samples) potassium content. The dry matter of pearl millet was in the range of 19.13 to 38.17 gm pot-1 with 0.47 to 1.10 mg pot-1 potassium uptake was recorded with the application of potassium @ 30 mg kg-1 soil in low, medium and high K content soils. The soil critical limit of potassium was 132.15 kg ha-1 obtained on the basis of scattered diagram with soil available potassium and per cent potassium vs Bray's per cent yield of pearl millet. However, critical limit of potassium in pearl millet was 2.46 % obtained on the basis of scattered diagram between per cent yield of pearl millet Vs plant potassium content.


Antecedents and objectives: Numerous works exist in the international context which have shown the infirmary models are used in a very low percentage for basing theoretically investigation works. Our objetives are: 1o to count and compare the references number about authors of models and infirmary theories in investigation articles and other; 2o to describe the use of models in different Spanish infirmary publications; 3o to identify the authors of models more indexed by Spanish investigators. Method: Population: total of bibliographical references in empiric and theoretical articles published in the magazines: Rol, Scientific Infirmary and Clinical Infirmary, during 1992-96. Instrument: adaptation of the questionnaire Nursing Practice Research Analysis Tool of Moody et al (1988). Results: The total of authors references about models has been of 107, being the biggest number in the theoretical articles (n = 68; 58,88%). Exists a unequal evolution in the estimate in the references number of theoretical of infirmary for each 100 articles, between theoretical and empiric of the different magazines. With difference, Clinical Infirmary presents a bigger increase in the number of references.


Methods for the isolation of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) from three crustacean tissue have been devised. These include precipitation of rRNA from total RNA preparations with 1M sodium chloride, to remove both melanin and ATP, or solubilization in buffer containing EDTA, to chelate Mg++ and Ca++ which, when present, form alcohol-insoluble complexes with ATP. By cosedimentation or gel electrophoresis with rRNA of known S20, w, the sedimentation constants of crab rRNA have been determined to be 28 S and 18 S. The base compositions of the 28 S and 18 S rRNA's have been determined. Muscle, midgut gland and epidermis have been found to have higher concentrations of rRNA in the premolt period than in the intermolt period, with the maxima corresponding to the periods of maximum protein synthesis. Premolt epidermis has the highest rRNA content of the three tissues.


Harmful algal blooms (HABs) constitute a global problem, affecting aquatic ecosystems, human health, fisheries and local economies. The Bay of Bengal, along the Bangladesh coast, is exceedingly suffering from pollution or anthropogenic nutrification that influences frequently occurring HAB species. The progression of climate change and eutrophication invigorate HAB trends and responses that in turn affect the respective coastal livelihood and economic growth. Tripos spp., Dinophysis spp., Protoperidinium spp., Chaetoceros spp., and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. are the common bloom-forming HAB species in the coastal waters of Bangladesh. Despite having huge potentiality for regional and global perspectives, the coastal region of Bangladesh remains relatively unexplored compared to other regions in the context of HABs and their pernicious effects. As a result, harmful algal blooms and the accumulation of algal toxins may interrupt fisheries, aquaculture, aquatic ecosystems and public health in the country. Therefore, proper research on the biology and ecology of harmful algae, biotoxins and their relationship with environmental factors need to be adequately understood to minimize their adverse effects on the noted marine resources of the Bay. This review focused on an overview of the HAB related issues – causes of HABs, their occurrences and abundances, associated environmental factors and adverse effects in the coastal zone of Bangladesh.


A 70-year-old man presented with abdominal pain. Enhanced CT revealed a hypodense mass with peripheral enhancement in the pancreatic body (Picture 1). Endoscopic ultrasonography confirmed a well-defined hypoechoic mass measuring 20 mm in size (Picture 2). Endoscopic retrograde pancreatography showed a smooth narrowing of the pancreatic duct with displacement (Picture 3). Surgical resection was performed. The resected specimen measured 20×18 mm in size with a thick fibroid capsule. The histopathological results confirmed it to be undifferentiated carcinoma, with osteoclast-like giant cells (UCOGC) and no vascular invasion (Picture 4). There had been no further recurrence for over five years following surgery. UCOGC is a rare pancreatic malignancy that has been reported to have a more favorable prognosis than pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (1). The good outcome in such patients might be attributable to following factors. The presence of osteoclast-like giant cells has been associated with


Inverse design in photonics, the automated design of components by performance target specification, suffers from heavy computational requirements and extensive parameter spaces for large photonic components. Due to larger dimensions of the devices, the parameter space increases so that the optimization method has to tackle with an increased amount of local optima. Here, two inverse design strategies with the focus to improve inverse design for large passive waveguide structures are presented: Adaptive Threshold Binarization and Hybrid Optimization. Both reduce the probability of converging to poor local optima. With the presented design strategies inverse design is now applicable on waveguide structures with mode field diameters $> 1~\mu \text{m}$ and lengths of several hundred micrometers. In order to demonstrate its capability, the inverse design method is applied to the InP waveguide platform for the first time. As an example, a polarization mode filter design with −19.4 dB polarization extinction ratio (PER) is presented.


TRL Limited was commissioned by the Department for Transport to review the approach used in the National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) forestimating emissions from road vehicles, and to propose new methodologies. This Report reviews the use of average vehicle speed (as used in the NAEI) to characterise exhaust emissions. Several alternative models for estimating emissions could be used in the NAEI. Some of these essentially use the same modelling approach as the NAEI, and could therefore be introduced with only minor changes to the model inputs. Others would require considerably more work, as the activity data would have to be reconfigured and transport statistics would have to be analysed differently. Various models were compared with the NAEI model. Generally, there was a very good agreement between the emission factors in the NAEI and those in the various modelstested, but the results varied with vehicle category and pollutant. Four types of assessment were considered in an attempt to determine the accuracy of the predictions of different models. Model predictions were compared with: (i) on-board emission measurements, (ii) remote sensing measurements, (iii) the results from the inversion of an air pollution model and (iv) measurements in road tunnels. The assessments included errors, assumptionsand limitations which made it difficult to make general conclusions. Moreover, it is unlikely that such approaches could be conducted with enough regularity or consistency to enable changes in the accuracy of emission models to be checked with time. Nevertheless, the results indicate that the current UK emission factors probably provide a reasonably accurate characterisation of total emissions from road transport. However, the emission factors for specific vehicle types are associated with a high degree of uncertainty, not least due the difficulties associated with correctly identifying vehicle types and their operation. The Report concludes that there is little justification at present for replacing the current emission calculation method in the NAEI, but the emission factors for specific vehicle categories should be improved where possible. Further efforts are also required to categorise vehicles appropriately, and to properly characterise operational conditions (such as road gradient and load in the case of HDVs). (A)


Introduction : Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors were recently reported to have cardioprotective effects in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. However, the role of SGLT-2 inhibition in atrial remodeling, especially of the arrhythmogenic substrate, remains unclear. To gain insights on the effects of SGLT-2 inhibition on atrial fibrillation (AF), we investigated the effects of empagliflozin (EMPA), a commercially available and highly selective SGLT-2 inhibitor, on atrial remodeling in highfat diet diabetic rats.


Purpose:
To advance towards clinical Cherenkov emission (CE)-based dosimetry by investigating beam-specific effects on Monte Carlo-calculated electron-beam stopping power-to-CE power ratios (SCRs), addressing electron beam quality specification in terms of CE, and validating simulations with measurements.

Methods:
The EGSnrc user code SPRRZnrc, used to calculate Spencer-Attix stopping-power ratios, was modified to instead calculate SCRs. SCRs were calculated for 6- to 22-MeV clinical electron beams from Varian TrueBeam, Clinac 21EX, and Clinac 2100C/D accelerators. Experiments were performed with a 20-MeV electron beam from a Varian TrueBeam accelerator, using a diffraction grating spectrometer with optical fiber input and a cooled back-illuminated CCD. A fluorophore was dissolved in the water to remove CE signal anisotropy.

Results:
It was found that angular spread of the incident beam has little effect on the SCR (≤ 0.3% at dmax), while both the electron spectrum and photon contamination increase the SCR at shallow depths and decrease it at large depths. A universal data fit of R50 in terms of C50 (50% CE depth) revealed a strong linear dependence (R2 > 0.9999). The SCR was fit with a Burns-type equation (R2 = 0.9974, NRMSD = 0.5%). Below-threshold incident radiation was found to have minimal effect on beam quality specification (< 0.1%). Experiments and simulations were in good agreement.

Conclusions:
Our findings confirm the feasibility of the proposed CE dosimetry method, contingent on computation of SCRs from additional accelerators and on further experimental validation. This work constitutes an important step towards clinical high-resolution out-of-beam CE dosimetry.


Abstract Even for small modular reactors (SMRs) with all large pipes removed, a small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA) is an important design-basis accident (DBA). Experimental simulation of the SBLOCA scenario is essential before a prototype reactor is realized. The system-integrated modular advanced reactor (SMART) is one of the SMRs developed by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute. An integral test loop, SMART-ITL, was also constructed to carry out several types of integral thermal-hydraulic effects tests for the prototype reactor. The SMART-ITL was designed with a preserved height, 1/7th diameter, and 1/49th area, and volume-scaling ratios. Two types of passive safety systems were equipped in the SMART-ITL: a passive safety injection system (PSIS) and a passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS). The PSIS was designed to refill the coolant in the reactor coolant system (RCS) for 72 h after an accident. Under accident conditions the PRHRS prevents overheating and overpressurization of the RCS using two-phase natural circulation. The SBLOCA on the passive safety injection line is a significant DBA that should be validated for differences in break size. In this paper, the effects of two different break sizes, 2 and 7/32 in., were analyzed in order to study the effect of the maximum and minimum mass and energy loss of the RCS. In order to simulate a clear difference between maximum and minimum mass and energy loss of the RCS, heat removal by the PRHRS was performed in the maximum break size (2-in.) accident, and heat removal by the PRHRS was not conducted in the minimum break size (7/32-in.) accident. The difference in mass and energy loss of the RCS will have a significant impact on the operation of the automatic depressurization system. Using the two extreme accident simulations, it was possible to confirm the difference in accident progression caused by the difference in break size and the characteristics of the PSIS.


Abstract This study explored how individuals spoke about the dissonance they experienced due to their own intersections of identity within religious and/or spiritual spaces in their communities and on college campuses. In addition, we as researchers sought to understand how discourse may or may not have challenged the idea of dissonance as a negative transitional state of being within the boundaries of current definitions of religious and spiritual spaces.


In this work, the effect of the addition of the UV absorber Tinuvin 234 on the quality of soybean oil packaged in PET bottles stored at ambient temperature for 6 months under fluorescent light (634 lux). Along this period determinations were made of: peroxide value (PV), free fatty acids (FFA), specific extinction at 232 and 270 nm (EE) and sensorial evaluation (SE). The analysis of variance and resistance between the linear coefficients of each treatment indicates that significant difference does not exist (p<0.0001) during the storage in relation to all determinations (PV, FFA, EE and SE). The results indicate that the addition of the absorbent Tinuvin 234 to PET bottles in the concentrations of 0.12 % and 0.22 % was not efficient in slowing down the deterioration of the oil exposed to the fluorescent light, when compared with soybean oil in PET bottles without addition of Tinuvin 234.


Three-dimensional steady flow past a body placed in a uniform stream of viscous, thermally conducting fluid is considered within the framework of the Oseen approximation. Asymptotic forms for the fundamental matrix are obtained for both supersonic and subsonic flow. It is shown how the solution to the flow past a body may be obtained from the fundamental matrix, and that the fundamental matrix itself provides the far field flow.


The project investment of planting forests is full of much more risks because of uncertainties related to market economy and features of forestry industry.On the basis of analysis on risk features of project of planting forests,this article focuses on project value and project's option value of multi-steps binomial tree and,property of compound options,and puts forward the theoretical thought to control the risk and get extra value.


Women achieving successful pregnancy after infertility express how infertility affects the experience of pregnancy and parenthood in the newsletter of self-help group, Recently women achieved pregnancy by Assisted Reproductive Technology increased in Japan. However, littte work has been done concerning the potential infiuence of infertility treatment on maternal function. We challenged the research of motherhood after infertility. This presentation shows the results of our research that conducted to clarify the effect of infertile experiences on prenatal maternal role attainment in Japan, Women who achieved pregnancy by infertility treatment had significant lower anxiety toward changing body image and the sex of their fetus, and significant higher anxiety toward the normality of their fetus than the fertile pregnant women. But they had the same mean scores of intimate feeling (attachment) as


We report a design for a stable intense beam source of hyperthermal hydrogen atoms. The basis for the design is an arc heater used first by Knuth for the generation of high‐translational energy He–Ar beams. In the case of hydrogen atom generation this source is very unstable due to the corresponding higher temperatures which are generated by the plasma discharge. We have substantially eliminated these difficulties by the insertion of discharge‐localizing insulators and the use of a tungsten nozzle mounted in the center of a 1‐kG electromagnet. This source generates exceptionally high hydrogen atom beam intensities of ∼10^(22) atoms s^(−1) sr^(−1) with translational energy distribution functions which extend to 18 eV and whose peak occurs at energies as high as 13 eV. In addition metastable H_3 molecules having an intensity between 10^(20) and 10^(21) molecules s^(−1) sr^(−1) are formed.


Today, flexibility in energy end-use, particularly by households, is not sufficiently stimulated in many countries. Hence system-level benefits such as reduced electricity bills, better integration of renewable electricity generation and lowering of grid costs, are not realized. Therefore, a widespread adoption of active demand by households is needed to tilt the cost-benefit balance of the investment in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) towards a net benefit for society.


F~aatu~e meahanics modetfop sZip sup[ace * p,l'opagation in 8.£:J.;] a",.d rock masses by James R.·Rice t. . Landslides on slopes of overconsolidated clay or clay shale seem typically to occur by the development of a narrow slip surface, possibly initiated by a stress concentration from cutting ore1'05ion at the base of a slope, which then propagates upwards through the soil until the landslide instability occurs. Often the time scale of suCh. "progressive failures" extends over several years and the problem of modelling them includes the identification of the physical origin of this time dependence. See the revie\'1s by Skempton [1] and Bjerrum [2] for background. The shear crack mode of failure, dictated by the unstably falling stress vs. deformation diagra~s for such materials, invalidates conventional Ulimiting equilibrium" approaches since the peak strength 'cannot generally be mobilized simultaneously over all the failure surface. A different approach was proposed by Palmer and Rice [3] based on tensile crack models with cohesive zones. In their model spatially continuous. deformation is assumed to give way, at peak strength, to localized shearing in a thin slip surface for which. the strength ~ is some monotonically decreasing function. T{O), of the relative slip 6. Here ~(o) = T ,the peak strength, wheras TeO) apprQaches Tr , the residual stl"engtK, at sufficiently large 0 ; the function T{O) is dependent additionally on the "effective" compressive stress acting normal to the slip surface. The conditions to propagate a shear band have been worked out.,. ~ccording.to this model, for a number of cases [3, 4, 5]. One in which the results simplify greatly is that for which the breakdoWn zone at the shear band tip (i.e., the zone where T differs significantly from t'r) is small by comparison to geometric dimension.'S such. as slip surface length, and for which the material outside the slip surface is modelled as linear elastic. Then, if K is the mode II .. stress intensity factor. for an identically loaded slip surfacellof the same geometry, which sustains everywhere a resisting stress at the residual level Lr' the critical value of K for slip surface propagation is .. ;.: 8 .


The Dalit movement in the familiar sense of organized resistance of the ex-untouchables to caste oppression may not be forced beyond colonial times however in a wider séance of the strange of lower castes against the hegemony of Brahmanical ideology to grasp certain generalities of the Dalit movement this paper will try to present a hypothesis that predominant alibies that the contemporary Dalit movement tens to reflect , are basically acquired from circumstances that brought it into existence.


The ultimate goal of these lectures is to present the ergodic theory of the Burgers equation with random force in noncompact setting. Developing such a theory has been considered a hard problem since the first publication on the randomly forced inviscid Burgers [EKMS00]. It was solved in a recent work [BCK] for the forcing of Poissonian type. The Burgers equation is a basic fluid dynamic model, and the main motivation for the study of ergodicity for Burgers equation probably comes from statistical hydrodynamics where one is interested in description of statistically steady regimes of fluid flows. It can also be interpreted as a growth model and the main idea of [BCK] is to look at the Burgers equation as a model of last passage percolation type. This allowed to use various tools from the theory of first and last passage percolation. First several sections play an introductory role. We begin with an introduction to stochastic stability in Section 2. In Section 3 we briefly discuss the progress in the ergodic theory of another important hydrodynamics model, the Navier–Stokes system with random force. Section 4 is an introduction to the Burgers equation. Section 5 is a discussion of the ergodic theory of Burgers equation with random force in compact setting. In Section 6 we introduce the Poissonian forcing for the Burgers equation. In Section 7 we state the ergodic results from [Bak12] on quasicompact setting. In Section 8 we state the main results and the proof is given in Sections 9 through 13. In Section 14 we give some concluding remarks. Although many of the proofs given here are detailed and rigorous, often we give only the ideas behind the proof referring the reader to the details in [BCK].


Objective: The P301S mutation in exon 10 of the tau gene causes a hereditary tauopathy. While mitochondrial complex I inhibition has been linked to sporadic tauopathies. Piericidin A is a prototypical member of the group of the piericidins, a class of biologically active natural complex I inhibitors, isolated from streptomyces spp. with global distribution in marine and agricultural habitats. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a pathogenic interaction of the environmental toxin piericidin A and the P301S mutation. Methods: Transgenic mice expressing human tau with the P301S-mutation (P301S +/+) and wild-type mice at 12 weeks of age were treated subcutaneously with vehicle (N510 P301S +/+ , N57 wild-type) or piericidin A (N59 P301S +/+ , N59 wild-type mice) at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg/d for a period of 28 days via osmotic minipumps. Tau pathology was measured by stereological counts of cells immunoreative with antibodies against phosphorylated tau (AD2, AT8, AT180, and AT100) and corresponding Western blot analysis. Results: Piericidin A significantly increased the number of phospho-tau immunoreactive cells in the cerebral cortex in P301S +/+ mice, but only to a variable and mild extent in wild-type mice. Furthermore, piericidin A led to increased levels of pathologically phosphorylated tau only in P301S +/+ mice. While we observed no apparent cell loss in the frontal cortex, the synaptic density was reduced by piericidin A treatment in P301S +/+ mice. Copyright: ß 2014 Höellerhage et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. Discussion: This study shows that exposure to piericidin A aggravates the course of genetically determined tau pathology, providing experimental support for the concept of gene-environment interaction in the etiology of tauopathies.


This paper considers the cost of preprocessing a digital terrain model (DTM) represented as a trian-gulated irregular network (TIN) so that drainage queries|e.g., what is the watershed of a query point, or how much water passes through a point given that rain is falling at a known rate|can be answered by simply evaluating a summary function. Although the worst-case storage and preprocessing costs are high, the experimentally-observed costs are reasonable. In order to compute a compact and consistent summary function, the drainage network needs a rigorous deenition. This paper, therefore, also surveys some of the previous deenitions, extends them, and establishes a number of properties of drainage networks with a focus on TINs.


Diels–Alder reaction of the cage compound2 with itself, leading to the highly caged compound3, as well as with cyclopentadiene, leading to compounds 4 and5, is described.


SUMMARY

Glasshouse studies showed that the incidence of black point caused by Alternaria alternata in durum wheat was positively correlated with both the density of the inoculum and the growth stage of the wheat plants at the time of inoculation. A curvilinear relationship of the form Y=a + log X was found between inoculum density and disease incidence. The incidence of black point was linearly related to the stage of plant growth, between anthesis and the late milk stages of development, at the time of inoculation. A better relationship between growth stage and disease incidence was found when plant growth was expressed as days after anthesis than when the Romig scale was used (R2= 0.30 and 0.24 respectively). A threshold dew period of 3–6 h was required for black point symptoms to develop. The incidence of black point increased with increasing duration of the dew period until maximum disease incidence occurred after exposure to a dew period of 48 h.


The semiconductor structure of bipolar transistors can cause failures by second breakdown. Also power MOSFETs and new semiconductor devices like IGBTs with a parasitic npn-structure may be damaged by this mechanism. First generation IGBTs with a parasitic thyristor inside the device are susceptible to the phenomenon of latch-up. Advances in technology improve the device characteristics. Modern IGBTs seem to show no latch-up despite the existing parasitic thyristor in their structure. This paper gives a short discussion of latch-up and second breakdown phenomena. IGBT of different semiconductor generations during latch-up under various conditions were investigated. A test circuit for these measurements is proposed. >


I read with interest the letter by Dr. Arthur L. Klein (Pediatrics 57:577, April 1976) regarding Dr. Kempe's commentary (Pediatrics 56:693, November 1975) and his reply (Pediatrics 57:578, April 1976).
 In our county, Waukesha, Wisconsin, there is an active public health department performing many of the tasks mentioned by Dr. Kempe. This group has been useful to me as a practicing pediatrician in helping to pinpoint families with disturbed mother-child relationships, in developmental screening, and in seeing that patients with special or chronic problems understand and follow complicated directions.


The aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercising up and down stairs on physical fitness of Baitul Jannah Islamic Boarding School students by measuring cardiovascular endurance using the Rockport test. This study uses a preexperimental research method with pretest-posttest technique, by giving up and down stairs exercise for eight weeks. The sample of this study were 20 male students aged 20-23 years old and had been staying in the boarding schools for at least 3 years. The results of the study revealed that there were significant differences between before and after being given the exercise. Thus there is an effect of exercising up and down stairs on increasing physical fitness. Keywords— physical fitness, up and down stairs, islamic boarding school students


La Palma Island (708.32 km2) is located at the north-western end of the Canary Archipelago and is one of the youngest of the archipelago. In the last 123 ka, volcanic activity has taken place exclusively at Cumbre Vieja, the most active basaltic volcano in the Canaries, which is located at the southern part of the island. Since no visible geothermal manifestations occur at the surface environment of this volcano, during the last 20 years there has been considerable interest in the study of diffuse degassing as a powerful tool in the volcano monitoring program. In this study we have used two different geochemical approaches for volcano monitoring from October 2017 to November 2019. First, we have developed a network of 21 closed static chambers to determine soil CO2 effluxes. Additionally, we have monitored physical-chemical parameters (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity -EC-) and chemical/isotopic composition and dissolved gases in the water of two galleries (Peña Horeb and Trasvase Oeste) and one water well (Las Salinas). Soil CO2 effluxes for the alkaline traps showed an average value of 7.4 g·m-2·d-1 for the entire Cumbre Vieja volcano. The gas sampled on the head space of the traps can be considered as CO2-enriched air, showing an average value of 1,942 ppmV of CO2. Regarding the CO2 isotopic composition (δ13C-CO2), most of the stations exhibited CO2 composed by different mixing degrees between atmospheric and biogenic CO2 with slight contributions of deep-seated CO2, with an average value of -19.3‰. The results of the physical-chemical parameters measured in waters showed mean temperature values of 23.7ºC, 19.6ºC and 22.1ºC, 7.40, 6.27 and 6.60 for the pH and 1,710 µS·cm-1, 411 µS·cm-1 and 41,100 µS·cm-1 for the EC, for Peña Horeb, Trasvase Oeste and Las Salinas, respectively. The δ13C-CO2 composition of the dissolved gas has a mean value of -7.8‰, -10.2‰ and -3.8‰ vs. VPDB for Peña Horeb, Trasvase Oeste and Salinas, respectively. The highest values of CO2 efflux coincided with the stations showing highest CO2 concentration values located at the southern end of Cumbre Vieja, where the most recent volcanic eruption took place, and also on the northwest flank. This is in accordance with the results obtained for Las Salinas well, located in the south of the island, which show a high concentration of dissolved CO2 and δ13C-CO2 values with a strong deep-seated CO2 contribution. This study represents an interesting contribution to detect early warning signals of future unrest episodes at Cumbre Vieja.


We derive the statistical-mechanical expressions obtained via the method of time averages [1,2] by considering a renewal stochastic process. Our approach is based on the introduction of a generating function for the n-th event occurrence. This involves weighting the probability distribution function ψn(t) for the n-th event taking place at time t by a factor zn. For identical independent events (IIEs) the ψn(t) are determined in turn from the distribution function for a single event ψ(t) occurring at time t, and this is provided in the usual straightforward way by repeated convolutions of ψ(t). When the weight parameter z is assigned a functional dependence on the system's relevant parameters the generating function is seen to represent the partition function of a statistical-mechanical system from which a free energy (or Massieu entropy function) is obtained via standard procedures. Within the consideration of IIEs, and according to the specific choice of the functional form of z on, say, the configurational energy of the system, we obtain, amongst other possibilities, the Boltzmann-Gibbs or the Tsallis general expressions. BoltzmannGibbs statistics is obtained by assuming an exponential dependence inside z while Tsallis statistics follows from a q-deformed exponential form. Thus, the type statistical-mechanical structure produced by our generating function approach is determined by the manner in which the renewal events are weighted and not by the nature of the renewal process itself. We further illustrate our formalism by considering the Weierstrass renewal processes of IIEs introduced by Hughes, Montroll and Schlesinger that consists of a single event distribution ψ(t) composed of an infinite number of exponentially decaying processes [3]. Depending on the relative presence of low frequency events the Weierstrass process exhibits either exponential or power law time decay in the limit of infinite events n → ∞. In the former case our generating function approach recovers the Botzmann-Gibbs statistics. For the latter case we determine the resultant statistical-mechanical structure.


Shared artifacts and environments play a prominent role in shaping the collaboration between their users. This article describes this role and explains how annotations can provide a bridge between direct communication and collaboration through artifacts. The various functions of annotations are discussed through examples that represent some of the important trends in annotation research. Ultimately, some of the research issues are briefly discussed, followed by my perspective on the future of asynchronous distributed collaborative systems with respect to annotations.


The paper proposes a method of performing system identification of a linear system in the presence of bounded disturbances. The disturbances may be piecewise parabolic or periodic functions. The method is demonstrated effectively on two example systems with a range of disturbances.


The changes in our society in the course of the past decade are much more intensive as compared to the past century. For the new post-modern society since the beginning of the 21st century, the entry of information and communication technologies into almost all the areas of life has become something typical. We have witnessed essential changes in the lifestyle of the different communities and social strata, as well as of the various age groups. There are innovative and diverse methods available for communication, information, and opportunities to enjoy various activities in one's spare time.A phenomenon occurred in the post-modern society in the course of the past decades that needs further research. Besides the globalization that occurred and the extinction of the national and regional differences in the lifestyles, a growing interest has risen to the national identity and in particular to the musical folklore. That is proven by the mass participation in many folklore festivals and various competitions for performers of Bulgarian folk music. Whether there is such interest within the system of values of the rising generation makes a subject of deeper and long-tern studies. However, it should not be forgotten that the interest to the Bulgarian musical folklore in the post-modern society occurred as a counterpoint of the various turbulent processes and is in direct dependence on the social conditions, the respective teaching skills and the age peculiarities.We assume that the establishment of an interest and of the corresponding musical preferences in school students results from the direct and indirect training at school, from the influence of the family from the social environment and the active use of information and communication technologies in one's daily routine. This article presents the outcomes from the research of the interest to the Bulgarian folk music of 80 students in the 7th year of their school studies. Conclusions are drawn based on a research comprised of questionnaires, observations and conversations with students of four classes from different schools of Blagoevgrad. One of the conclusions based on the empirical research method used, is that the family environment is no longer a factor for the formation of the musical interests in the rising generation, as it was in past.


This article begins with an attempt to summarize the literature including a number of conclusions in reference to the meaning and importance of the concept of vulnerability for urban studies. It then seeks empirical application of the conclusions based on the use of secondary data specifically the Demographic Census of 2000. As a result it presents a division of the city into "zones of vulnerability" making it possible to identify types of privation or advantages in the intraurban sphere beyond the question of income levels. These factors can give segments of the population more or less power to react to the difficulties that the unequal city imposes on them. Although this is admittedly a preliminary approximation especially because of the deficiencies of the data used it is nonetheless considered distinct from the traditional approaches used in this type of study. (excerpt)


The world of seminary philosophy studies and that of the philosophical practitioner seem, at first, irreconcilably divergent: the first couched in a medieval religious institution of higher learning, the other working as a nondenominational independent agent. Both, however, use the skills of philosophy to assist individuals and groups in finding intellectually coherent and valuable relationships with themselves, others, and society at large. This article gives the context for the study of philosophy in the seminary and argues that, with five shared philosophical competencies, philosophical practitioners and seminary students have a basis for shared interests and future mutual concerns, potentially beneficial to both worlds.


The magneto-structural correlations of superexchange-coupled doubly hydroxo-bridged Cu(II)-dimers have been investigated. To this end, an analytical approach has been applied to [Cu2(OH)2F4]2- model complexes. This approach supplies an analytical scheme, based on orbital interactions, for calculating the transfer integral, HAB, which is shown to play the key role in the magnetic coupling constant J for understanding magneto-structural correlations. The single contributions to the transfer integral are calculated and described explicitly. Therefore, this approach supplies a detailed insight into the magnetic behavior and the interaction mechanisms of the hydroxo-bridged Cu-dimers. All analytical results are compared with experimental and numerical data.


Objectives To examine variations in intended healthcare utilisation in severe cases of COVID-19 and inflammatory gastrointestinal disease (IGD). Design Representative cross-sectional telephone survey. Setting and participants 1207 randomly drawn adults of the city of Hamburg, Germany, between November 2020 and January 2021. Outcome measures Different vignettes with severe symptoms were presented varying in sex, age (child, middle-aged person, older person), daytime (Tuesday morning or Tuesday evening) and disease (COVID-19 or IGD), while the degree of urgency was equivalent for all cases. The respondents were asked for the intended healthcare utilisation resulting in three different alternatives: general practitioner (GP)/paediatrician, medical on-call service ('116117') and emergency care (accident and emergency department, emergency practice, rescue service). In multivariate analyses, associations of characteristics of the vignettes and participants (sex, age, education, migration background) with intended healthcare utilisation were tested. In a further step, analyses were conducted separately for IGD and COVID-19. Results Regarding the vignettes' characteristics, intended utilisation of GP/paediatrician is associated with female sex, higher age, daytime (morning) and COVID-19 symptoms, the medical on-call service with male sex, daytime (evening) and COVID-19 symptoms and the emergency medicine with younger age, daytime (evening) and IGD. Women chose more often the GP/paediatrician, men preferred emergency medicine. Only in case of IGD, higher educated persons more often chose the medical on-call service while people with a migration background decided less often for medical on-call service and emergency medicine. Conclusions Despite comparable urgency, the findings suggest variations of intended healthcare utilisation depending on various characteristics of the vignettes and respondents. Depending on the type of disease inequalities vary. Overall, information about healthcare alternatives in severe cases has to be improved and clear pathways to facilitate healthcare utilisation has to be further developed.


The rates of incorporation of 2-14C-thymidine into DNA of melanoma B16, bone marrow, gastrointestinal mucosa, spleen and liver at various time after administration of dianhydrogalactitol (DAG), 3,4-diacetyldianhydrogalactitol (DiacDAG) and 3,4-disuccinyldianhydrogalactitol (DisuDAG) at maxima nonlethal single doses to tumor-bearing mice were studied. The sugar alcohol derivatives induced the stable inhibition in DNA synthesis of tumor cells. DNA synthesis in normal dividing cells was shown to recover more rapidly than in melanoma B16 cells after administration of all drugs. DisuDAG is characterized by stronger inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis in melanoma B16 cells at the half of the single maxima nonlethal dose compared with DAG and DiacDAG. Differing from DAG, DiacDAG and DisuDAG did not effect the incorporation of 2-14C-thymidine into DNA of liver cells. In vivo inhibition of DNA synthesis in melanoma B16 cells with DiacDAG was not due to damage of the TCA soluble fraction.


Retrobulbar abscess is a rare, but severe complication of paranasal sinusitis. The clinical presentations are eyelid swelling, erythema, proptosis, conjunctival chemosis, restricted ocular movement, and decreased visual acuity. Diagnostic methods available for evaluating retrobulbar abscess include sinus X-ray, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and bacterial culture. For the treatment of retrobulbar abscess, immediate surgical drainage and systemic antibiotic therapy are needed. Proper diagnosis and treatments are necessary for preventing visual loss, cavernous sinus thrombosis, subdural abscess, and other lifethreatening complications. A patient, a 30-year-old man, was admitted to our hospital because of progressive eyelid swelling, erythema, ptosis and decreased visual acuity on the right eye after endodontic treatment. The sinusitis occurred secondary to the infection from an upper molar tooth. The spread of the infection led to the orbit via ethmoidal sinus and posterior orbital wall. Immediate surgical intervention was performed and systemic antibiotics was administrated. The symptoms and signs are improved after treatments, so we present our case with a brief review of the literature.


This paper presents a series of experiments on automatic transcription and classification of fillers and feedbacks in conversational speech corpora. A feature combination of PCA projected normalize ...


This special volume, together with a forthcoming roundtable in Diplomatic History, provides a sampling of scholarship at the intersection of the "new" histories of drugs and US foreign relations while highlighting points of convergence between the two areas of study and the insights each field has to offer the other.


Making use of novel organic/inorganic synthesis, we achieved two-dimensional positioning in chromophores, which were confined to the interlayer of luminous silicate nanofilms synthesized with organoalkoxysilane precursors. Time-resolved photoluminescence demonstrated efficient energy transfer from a donor dye (coumarin) to an acceptor dye (cyanine) with a characteristic time of less than 5 ps. The copresence of slow radiative energy transfer, associated with emission and reabsorption of photons, was also confirmed in the acceptor emission decay. The relative efficiency of the slow and fast energy transfers was quantified, and found to depend on the molecular concentration.


The utility model discloses a dust removal unit for a urea cooling fluidized bed, which is characterized in that an air outlet (15) at the top of a fluidized bed (1) is connected with a separator I (5) through a pipeline; a gas-phase outlet at the top of the separator I (5) is connected with the inlet of a draught fan (6), the outlet of which is connected with a separator II (7). An air current outlet (73) at the top of the separator II (7) is connected with a dust washing recover (8) through a pipeline; the diluted urea fluid recovered by the dust washing recover (8) is pressurized by a circulating pump (9) through a pipeline; one branch of the diluted urea fluid is connected with a refluence inlet (84) of the dust washing recover (8); and the other branch is sent to the urea evaporation workshop section. Compared with the prior art, the dust removal unit has the advantages that the gases are separated through two stages of cyclone and the separation effect can be improved from 95% to above 98%. The gases at the outlet of the draught fan are connected with the dust washing recover and the dust recovery rate can exceed 99%. By adopting the combination of a round perforated plate and an inclined perforated plate with an inclination Alpha of 30-60 degrees, the dust removal unit enables the urea particles to change the motion direction frequently to be at better boiling state, thus reaching better cooling effect.


We discuss the criteria for the choice of matrix elements of the ``good`` component of the current in the calculation of deuteron form-factors in Light-Cone Quantum Mechanics. We use the infinite-momentum frame matrix elements of the currents and boost them to the Briet-frame which is utilized often in the numerical calculations. We show in a straight-forward procedure how to deal with such transformations. It can be easily generalized to other cases. The electromagnetic functions A(q{sup 2}) and B(q{sup 2}) and axial form-factor are obtained and compared with previous calculations. We study the tensor polarization of the deuteron.


Abstract: The Free State Province of South Africa is situated virtually in the center of the country. It includes seven bioregions, and the vegetation consists mostly of grassland with some Karoo elements in the south. The Free State harbors 16 aloes, none of which are endemic to the province. A key to the aloes of the Free State is provided, as well as a description, distribution map and information on habitat, flowering time, and conservation status for each of the species.


Steel constructions made of circular hollow sections are commonly joined by welding or ring‐flange bolting. An additional, novel joining method is the so‐called hybrid grouted joint. The hybrid grouted joint is characterised by its multi‐layered composition. In contrast to state‐of‐the‐art grouted joints, hybrid grouted joints include thin adhesive layers, which are applied on the steel surfaces prior to grouting. Sand grains are embedded in the yet uncured adhesive. After the curing of the adhesive, the surface has a high degree of roughness. This allows a high‐performance interlock between fine grain grout and the adhesively bonded sand granules across the contact surfaces in the overlap area. The ability to transfer loads across a wide area with low stress concentrations makes the hybrid grouted joint a promising joint alternative especially regarding the fatigue performance. This paper summarises the main findings concerning fatigue behaviour of the hybrid grouted joint under axial loading. Wöhler diagrams were determined in numerous fatigue tests for two combinations of adhesive and grout.


China in the world economy foreign trade institutions and policies integration with global capital markets global effects of China's integration to 2020 annex changes in China's tariffs, 1992-2005.


This chapter takes a look at U.S. war planning during the Cold War. Looking through Joint Chiefs of Staff records, the chapter shows that U.S. war planning, although crude, began in the early months of 1946. If war erupted, for whatever reasons, the war plans called for the United States to strike the Soviet Union (USSR). Expecting Soviet armies to overrun most of Europe very quickly, planners assumed that the United States would launch its attack primarily from bases in the United Kingdom and the British-controlled Cairo-Suez base in the Middle East. To protect the latter, it would be essential to slow down Soviet armies marching southward to conquer the Middle East. The United States needed the Turkish army to thwart Soviet military advances and required Turkish airfields to insure the success of the strategic offensive against targets inside the USSR.


In the south of Ceará (Brazil), Cariri region, there is a production center for roof tiles and bricks. At that same region, there has been an expressive mining of laminated limestone, known as Pedra Cariri (Cariri Stone), which has produced large amounts of CaCO3-rich waste, that causes undesirable impacts to the environment. This work aimed to analyze the feasibility of producing rustic ceramic tiles, made up of clayey masses used in the region with the addition of this waste, aiming at the diversification of red ceramic products in a sustainable way. The mixtures were pressed, fired in maximum firing temperature which varies from 750° to 1150oC and had their physical-mechanical characteristics tested. The results indicated that the clayey mass is composed of kaolinite, feldspar and quartz, while montmorillonite and/or vermiculite is only found in roof tile clayey mass. The waste is mainly made of calcite. In general, the values of water absorption were compatible with porous rustic ceramic tile and the addition of Pedra Cariri waste provided lower values of firing shrinkage as well as the increase of the flexural strength. The samples of roof tile clayey mass (10% of waste at 850°C and at 1150°C) obtained physical-mechanical property values that match Brazilian technical norms to BIII type ceramic tile. Therefore, the mixture formulated with tile clayey mass and limestone waste presents potential to be utilized in the manufacture of ceramic roof tiles.


The block bone reconstruction in the maxilla requires the use of graft materials with the support capacity for the dental implants. The autogenous bone has excellent properties. However, obtain it results in greater morbidity and there is a restrict amount of it. As a viable alternative, the xenogeneic bone block has been suggested as a replacement to the autogenous bone. The aim of this project was to perform a comparative study between autogenous and xenogeneic block grafts, through tomographic, microtomographic and histological analysis. In a group where the need for grafting was identified, 8 patients were treated with autogenous bone extracted from the mandibular ramus, resulting in 10 samples of this graft (G1). The others were treated with xenogeneic bone, resulting in 12 samples of this material (G2). Computed tomography exams were performed in three moments: before the blocks installation (T0), immediately after the block installation (T1) and 6 months after the bone repair (T2), in order to evaluate the grafted areas' volume of the two groups. In all the blocks, while the implants were being installed, the graft fixation screw was removed through a trephine drill, in order to prepare the samples for the microtomography and histological analysis. The tomographic results indicated a similar bone resorption pattern in volume in the two groups (G1=5,56%, G2=6,94%, p>0,05), when analyzed together with the native bone. reWhen analyzed isolated, there was a difference in the resorption pattern (G1=10,62%, G2=16,79%, p>0,05). The xenogeneic group obtained a better efficiency in the treatment (final bone volume growth) (G1=283mm3, G2=959mm3, p=0,0003). This difference was noticed due to the greater availability in volume of the xenogeneic material. In the microtomographic analysis, the two groups presented similar peri-implant bone microstructure and mechanical properties, with no statical differences in the assessed μCT parameters. In the histological analysis, a well-defined bone neoformation in the exogeneic graft and evidences of biomaterial histocompatibility were observed. Although it is necessary to perform long term studies in order to create more precise results, the xenogeneic block presented volumetric stability and physical microstructure that was similar to the control group (G1) and biocompatibility, which demonstrates that it is a potential replacement to the autogenous bone.


College teachers should internalize their existential charm,complete personalities,and creative teaching theories,and should influence the students with these factors,to move them to participate the whole teaching process and cultivate their creative abilities.Thus the goal of personnel training in colleges can be realized.


This article argues that in order to successfully explore any structural transformation of industrial relations, actors' attitudes need to be taken into account. In the case of Germany, then, significant transformation would be instantiated by change in works councils' traditional cooperative attitudes. Survey findings reveal that despite deteriorating bargaining conditions, cooperative attitudes prevail among works councils in the chemical and postal/telecom industries towards management and union. Contrary to popular scholars this suggests workplace stability rather than change. The article then explores determinants of cooperative attitudes and finds that balanced power relations between works council and management accompany cooperative attitudes. If works councils feel powerful they are more likely to express cooperative attitudes towards management. Thus, even in Germany's highly institutionalized context, workplace cooperation is dynamic and dependent on actors' day-to-day power relations.


Background A direct link between chronic inflammation and dementia was well established by different epidemiological studies. Nevertheless, data on impaired cognitive function during rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are still controversial and doubtful. Objectives To assess the association of RA and impaired cognitive function. Methods This is a case-control study involving patients with RA according to ACR/EULAR criteria 2010 and randomly-chosen controls by matching on age and gender during 4 months. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used to evaluate cognitive functions. Cognitive impairment was defined by a MMSE score lower than 24 (or 26 in patients with primary education). The activity of RA was evaluated using Disease activity score (DAS28). Results A total of 20 RA patients (12 women and 8 men) with a mean age of 52.6 years [31–72] and 20 healthy controls (15 women and 5 men) with a mean age of 55.8 years [50–77] were included. No significant differences for age or gender between RA patients and controls were observed. Rheumatoid factor was positive in 95% of cases. Mean disease duration was 3.2 years [2–6]. Thirteen RA patients had active disease with mean DAS28 of 4.73. Three-quarters of RA patients had been treated with methotrexate and only 8 patients received biotherapy: 5 anti TNF alpha and 3 Rituximab. Forty percent of RA group were illiterate versus 49% in control group. Eleven RA patients (55%) had a normal cognitive function versus 15 (75%) in control group. A moderate cognitive impairment (mean MMSE of 18.62) was found in 8 RA patients (40%) and 2 controls (10%) primarily affecting constructional apraxia. No severe cognitive impairment was found in the 2 groups. Significant positive association was found between cognitive impairment and RA (p=0.001). Patients with RA using methotrexate had higher risk for cognitive impairment comparing to patients using biotherapy (p=0.02). Conclusions Our study highlighted a serious psychological expression of RA which was early onset of cognitive impairment and dementia. This is a possible effect of inflammation and vascular disease caused by RA. Disclosure of Interest None declared


et al. Uterine pathology in women undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomy using morcellation. JAMA 2014;312: 1253–55. 4. Seidman MA, Oduyebo T, Muto MG, Crum CP, Nucci MR, Quade BJ. Peritoneal dissemination complicating morcellation of uterine mesenchymal neoplasms. PLoS One 2012;7:e50058 5. Pritts EA, Parker WH, Brown J, Olive DL. Outcome of occult uterine leiomyosarcoma after surgery for presumed uterine fibroids: A systematic review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2015;22:26–33. 6. Oduyebo T, Rauh-Hain AJ, Meserve EE, Seidman MA, Hinchcliff E, George S, et al. The value of re-exploration in patients with inadvertently morcellated uterine sarcoma. Gynecol Oncol 2014;132:360–365.


The theories and methods of application of systems engineering,life cycle theory,ecological theory,circular economy theory,based on the actual needs of the country promoting recycling economy,based on the theory of sustainable development,adhere to the scientific concept of development,in the analysis of the current situation of China's automotive logistics the connotation of the auto cycle logistics system and framework on the basis of a system to explore measures to build the car loop logistics system.


The article is devoted to the first stage of the life and work of the scientist and researcher of minority religious groups, V.D. Bonch-Bruyevich (1873-1955). This choice is not accidental, since the beginning of the scientist's creative and research journey is inextricably linked with his development as an individual and personality, his human qualities, desires and aspirations. Based on the methodology of intellectual history, the article attempts to reconstruct the history of the life and work of Bonch-Bruyevich. Thanks to the friendship with V.I. Lenin and active revolutionary activities, an important role was played by organizational work, as well as propaganda (from the early years of the 20th century, when he was an editor, publisher and employee of social democratic and Bolshevik newspapers and magazines). V.D. Bonch-Bruyevich entered the nomenklatura elite of the new state and in 1918 occupied the position of business manager of the Council of People's Commissars. But unlike many activists of the revolutionary movement who before the revolution of 1917 perceived representatives of minority religious groups as «companions», he defended the believers' rights to freedom of conscience before and after the revolution. At the same time, Bonch-Bruyevich never left his scientific activity and continued to practise until his last days, combining organizational and scientific work. His huge contribution to the study of religion in Russia and the formation of Soviet religious studies can not be overestimated. Studying the life and work of Bonch-Bruyevich, like other researchers of the Soviet period, is quite important, especially in the context of modern debates about Soviet humanities.


A core orientation tool (10) to provide an indication of in situ from a sample of a control (112) extracted from a well by a drill orientation witness; the tool comprising an electronic guidance (20) coupled to the auger of witnesses; where the tool is characterized in that: the electronic guidance system (20) is configured so that, after receiving an activation signal, registering one or more first indications of the tool orientation; and wherein the tool further comprises an activation system (24) which provides the activation signal upon detecting one or more events associated with downhole operation auger witnesses.


The library is the important place for storing the literature resources and gathering and distributing the information. In order to give full play to the functions of the library in serving the scientific research, and connecting with the present situation of the scientific research of Shanxi Institute of Electric Power Science, this paper expounds from four aspects the measures for library's serving the scientific researchers.


The experimental and theoretical development of ion cyclotron radiofrequency heating (ICRF) in toroidal magnetically-confined plasmas recently culminated with the demonstration of ICRF heating of D-T plasmas, first in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor (TFTR) and then in the Joint European Torus (JET). Various heating schemes based on the cyclotron resonances between the plasma ions and the applied ICRF waves have been used, including second harmonic tritium, minority deuterium, minority helium-3, mode conversion at the D-T ion-ion hybrid layer, and ion Bernstein wave heating. Second harmonic tritium heating was first shown to be effective in a reactor-grade plasma in TFTR. D-minority heating on JET has led to the achievement of Q = 0.22, the ratio of fusion power produced to RF power input, sustained over a few energy confinement times. In this paper, some of the key building blocks in the development of rf heating of plasmas are reviewed and prospects for the development of advanced methods of plasma control based on the application of rf waves are discussed.


Spontaneous dissection of peripheral arteries unrelated to the aorta is rare. Cases reported in the literature have involved the renal arteries, the coronary arteries, the cerebral arteries, and visceral arteries, in order of incidence. There is no consensus yet on indications for medical or surgical therapeutic modality. As a consequence of the rarity of spontaneous dissection of peripheral arteries, its natural history has been poorly described. A healthy 37-year-old male with normotension was admitted with an acute onset of left flank pain. Physical examination turned out an unremarkable result. Right renal infarction and splenic infarction was diagnosed by abdominal computed tomography. A spiral CT angiogram and angiography showed dissection of main right renal artery and celiac artery with involvement of branches. One year later, he has remained well and normotensive without treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first case of spontaneous renal and celiac artery dissection in normotensive patient in Korea.


An electroimmunodiffusion method has been developed for the quantitation of immunoglobulin in small samples of dilute biological fluids. It is, however, applicable to more concentrated solution and it requires much less time than the radial diffusion method.For the quantitation of serum IgA the optimal conditions were as follows: Antisera were diluted 30 times with 1% agar solution in veronal buffer at pH 7.6 and ionic strength 0.025. Slide glass, 5.2×7.5cm, was coated with 7.5ml of antibody containing agar gel. Electrophoresis was run at 100v, 30mA for 2 hours with veronal buffer at pH 7.6 and ionic strength 0.05. The measurable range for single determination of IgA was between 26 and 130mg/dl.The method is also applicable to the determination of IgM, IgG, α2-macroglobulin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin and β-lipoprotein. Optimal conditions were almost similar to those of IgA determination, but pH was 8.6 and electric current was 15mA. For fractions with high concentration in serum, such as IgG, the antigen should be diluted more than 40 times.The method is rapid, accurate and reproducible, and requires only 3μl of sample. The volume of sample, i. e. 3μl, filled in the well, should be rigorously observed for accurate determinations.


The possibility of using a plant supplement is considered in materials of the article, namely, the seed meal of flax in the recipe for meat semi-finished products "Mazurki-Volynsky" to enrich these products with physiological-functional ingredients. Flax seeds is a valuable source of polyunsaturated fatty acids. It is rich in protein substances, balanced by the amino acid, contains insoluble and water-soluble edible fibers and phenolic compounds, in particular lignans, which have antioxidant properties. In this work, a flax seeds (FS) was obtained by using the method of "cold pressing" produced by NV "Zhytomyrbioprodukt" LLC. Fatty acid composition of lipids was determined according to GOST 30418-96. The method is based on the conversion of triglycerides of fatty acid to methyl (ethyl) esters of fatty acids and on their gas chromatic analysis. The purpose of our research was to determine from the technological point of view the expediency of introducing the flax seeds into the recipes of meat semi-finished products to enrich their health-improving ingredients. For this purpose, in studies, a complete replacement of wheat flour and a partial replacement of fat material by the use of flax seed is proposed. Thus, compared to the control, the amount of meat raw material does not change, and the change occurs only at the expense of the filler of meal. The article presents a comparative estimation of the chemical composition of the flax seeds and wheat flour, the effect of flax on the change of the lipid composition of meat semi-finished products in case of its inclusion in the recipe of products. The fatty acid composition of sorbitol lipids was investigated in comparison with the fatty acid composition of the wheat flour I flavors. It is noted that the inclusion into the recipe of meat semi-finished flax seed meal in the case of replacing wheat flour and part of the fat, enriches them with such physiological-functional ingredients as proteins with a complete amino acid composition, polyunsaturated fatty acids, edible fibers, a significant part of which are water-soluble, vitamins, micro- and macro elements, lignans. The calculation method found that the amount of protein in the experimental sample, as compared with the sample, which included wheat flour, increased by 3.69% due to the increase of protein contained in FS. Adding FS changes the qualitative composition of the lipid in exploratory samples. The calculation method found that the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) increased by 12% compared with control. It should be noted that the ability of these fatty acids to oxidation, with the formation of peroxides, will affect the structural and mechanical properties of semi-finished products, which should affect the process of preparation and quality of finished products. This requires further research.


Feminists and labour process theorists have emphasised skill recognition as a crucial determinant in the way that work is organised and rewarded. However, the case of hairdressers challenges assumptions about the link between skilled status and higher wages. Hairdressers have had trade status for over 50 years and yet wages in the industry are significantly lower than wages of many unqualified workers. A range of labour and product market factors stand between hairdressers' formal skill recognition and equitable wages. A distinction is drawn between institutional skill recognition and industrial skill recognition. This distinction is important because the assumed link between skilled status and higher wages has informed pay equity strategies that have focused on reform at the institutional level. An examination of the hairdressing industry shows that pay equity strategies need to operate at both the institutional and workplace level.


Through the analysis of the quality characteristic and the process and the key link of quality control, the risk management measure, including attention to the need of clients, strengthening communication with the client, getting done with contract examination and design input, strengthening design review, Are advanced.


Purpose: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is increasingly being used in general practice, but there is a lack of information about the attitudes of general practitioners and their patients about the use of ABPM in primary care in Europe.Methods: Cross sectional survey performed on consecutive patients with uncontrolled hypertension treated by at least two different antihypertensive drugs and referred for ABPM in 38 general practices in Slovenia. Patients and physicians completed a questionnaire about their satisfaction with, attitudes about and acceptance of ABPM in general practice; the latter two were assessed using 5 point Likert scales.Results: We obtained complete data for 185 patients; 95 female (51.4 %) and 90 (48.6%) male, aged 37 to 79 years (mean 59.5, SD 9.5 years). 106 (67.3 %) patients were completely satisfied with the instructions given before ABPM. Patients found ABPM an acceptable method of blood pressure control. They believed that ABMP helped to reach better bloodpressure control (Likert scale: 4.46, SD 1.03) and valued having access to ABPM in general practice (Likert scale: 4.65, SD 1.01). General practitioners strongly believed that ABPM wasacceptable to patients, improved patient and physician interest in blood pressure control, improved compliance with treatment and reduced prescription of antihypertensive drugs. They recognised ABPM as being most valuable in cases of patients with suspected white-coat hypertension (Likert scale: 4.79, SD 0.49).Conclusions: Patients and general practitioners find ABPM to be an acceptable method for investigating blood pressure. Patients value being able to access ABPM in general practice rather than in a specialist setting.


Although, a significant proportion of the country's research has been devoted in recent years to the role of government in planning production activities, there have not been so much interest in looking at the policies and mechanisms necessary to support Iranian industry in terms of industry size or volume of such activities, or in appropriate protection scheme patterns and types of volume manufacturing operations. This study purports to examine the part played by government, that is, the industry incidence of phenomena, such as globalized trade, alliances between multinational industries, new economic blocs and increased competition in the international arena, strategies and mechanisms to support small industries and protectionist policies, and assessing part performance of those industries. This study aims to investigate thoroughly the effectiveness of supportive government policies towards small production units, and to determine the identification of areas where small-scale industries still need government assistance, and can so determine future decision about where this assistance can best help. The results show clear differences between support levels that smaller firms can expect, and how government agencies can help bridge this gap.

 Key words: Small industries, supportive policies, entrepreneurial, government support.